Francine Shapiro Library ~ EMDR Bibliography

Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links

Francine Shapiro Library: EMDR Bibliography

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1. 市井雅哉 [Ichii Masaya]. (2007年7月). EMDR/適応的な情報処理モデル/自我状態間の結合 [EMDR / adaptive information processing model / bond between the ego-state]. 臨床心理学、6日本誌（4）、554〜556 [Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 6(4), 554-556].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Ego State Therapy

2. 陈维樑, 吴薇莉 [Chen Wei-Liang & Li Wu-Wei]. 2010年第05期). 我所认识的EMDR陈维樑 [I know EMDR]. 西華大學學報(哲學社會科學版) 29卷5期 [West China University (Social Science Edition, 29(5))]. doi:cnki:sun:cdsf.0.2010-05-002 .

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR是一种对治疗PTSD和其他创伤经历的心理治疗方法,这种方法的有效性得到了大量实证研究的支持。本文讨论了一些人们常问及的关于EMDR的基本问题,同时引用了一些案例和相关研究来帮助人们更好地理解和学习EMDR。

EMDR is the treatment of PTSD and other psychological treatment of traumatic experiences, the effectiveness of this approach are a lot of empirical research support. This article discusses some of the people often asked basic questions about EMDR, but cited a number of cases and related research to help people better understand and learn EMDR.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Efficacy Studies Information Processing of Adaptability Study of Curative Effect

3. Adler-Tapia, R. L., & Settle, C. S. (2009, March). The full works. Counselling Children and Young People, 12-15.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Whether you are first learning about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) or you have participated in EMDR training, the goal of this article is to provide the reader with a brief overview of strategies for using the full protocol with young children. To understand the process by which the phases of the protocol are applied with child clients, it is important to understand the theoretical underpinnings that Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory creates as a foundation for healing and health with children. After discussing the application of AIP to children, the article will continue with an overview of skills therapists can use to create a toolbox that can be integrated into the EMDR eight phase treatment protocol with references for additional study and training on using EMDR with children. Finally, therapists will begin to learn how to adapt the full EMDR protocol for effective psychotherapy through developmentally suited language and interventions with even the youngest of clients.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Children Child Psychotherapy

4. Adler-Tapia, R. L., & Settle, C. S. (2009, March). EMDR and adaptive information processing theory: A comprehensive approach to child psychotherapy. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, (1), 12-15.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Whether you are first learning about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) or you have participated in EMDR training, the goal of this article is to provide the reader with a brief overview of strategies for using the full protocol with young children. To understand the process by which the phases of the protocol are applied with child clients, it is important to understand the theoretical underpinnings that Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory creates as a foundation for healing and health with children. After discussing the application of AIP to children, the chapter will continue with an overview of skills therapists can use to create a toolbox that can be integrated into the EMDR eight phase treatment protocol with references for additional study and training on using EMDR with children. Finally, therapists will begin to learn how to adapt the full EMDR protocol for effective psychotherapy through developmentally suited language and interventions with even the youngest of clients.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

5. Bender, S. S. (2009). When words and pictures fail: An introduction to adaptive information processing. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 49-56). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
As part of my discussion with my patients about their mind and the adaptive information processing (AIP) system, I find that patients are sometimes unable to find responses when asked about a picture representing the worst part of the event or what negative belief remains with them as a result of a life experience. It is my opinion that it is advantageous for the clinician to attempt to get all the pieces to the protocol and I recommend the scripts provides in this chapter as possible ways to do so. Use the scripts either during Phase 1 (history taking) or Phase 2 (preparation). The When Words and Pictures Fail Script is provided, and a case example is use to illustrate how to address unrecalled or missing assessment ingredients. [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing System History Taking Life Experience Negative Beliefs Preparation Trauma

6. Blore, D. (2011, March). Which, how and why memory networks combine: A plasticity of meaning (PoM) extension to adaptive information processing (AIP). Presentation at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Adaptive Information Processing (AIP), the theory that underpins EMDR may seem somewhat redundant given the burgeoning clinical database and numerous international recommendations all of which effectively point to ‘because EMDR works, it therefore works’. Put succinctly, does AIP serve any further purpose? The author argues that it does, but that its current bias toward explaining the reduction of Negative Psychological Change (NPC) needs to change. The author’s recent research has highlighted the extensive role of Figurative Language Use (FLU) in PPC resulting in participants’ increased ability to express him/herself following EMDR. To explain these observations, a ‘Plasticity of Meaning’ extension to AIP is proposed to account for PPC and thus convert AIP into a unifying theory of change. The result is to propose a ‘total beneficial outcome’ of EMDR that combines both existing evidence-based practice together with the optimisation of the Maslowvian concept of a client’s ‘full psychological height’.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Figurative Language Use FLU Plasticity of Meaning PoM

7. Blore, D. (2012, June). Plasticity of meaning: A proposed AIP theory extension to explain the totality of psychological change in EMDR [Plasticidad del Significado: Una extensión a la teoría del modelo PAI (AIP) para explicar la totalidad del cambio psicológico en EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There is some debate (Greenwald & Shapiro 2010) as to the usefulness of AIP, the theory, (which is more correctly a hypothesis), widely accepted to underpin EMDR. On the one hand AIP is seen as redundant because of the extensive evidence base for EMDR. In essence: EMDR works therefore what role does AIP have? On the other hand theorising results in research hypotheses, the expansion of knowledge and thus further understanding. The current author supports the latter position, but believes AIP does not fully account for psychological change in EMDR. I shall argue that AIP, as it stands, actually constricts research into EMDR as it is essentially a theory of the reduction of negative psychological change, although it does ‘leave the door open’ to the possibility of positive psychological change (PPC). However, negative psychological change and its reduction is by no means the only effect of EMDR. This suggests that AIP is a ‘partial theory’ of psychological change. It also means more fundamentally that there is a ‘blind spot’ in research and that the full potential of EMDR is being consistently – and considerably – underestimated. In the current form of AIP, the use of words such as ‘digested’ or ‘metabolised’ whilst extending the physiological corollary central to AIP, does little to explain the How, Why, and When, of PPC. I shall propose a theory extension I have coined: ‘Plasticity of Meaning’ (POM), which is grounded in phenomenological findings, superficially parallels the Consolidation of Memory Theory and goes at least some way to converting AIP into a unified theory of psychological change and thus provide research ‘pointers’ to expand the appreciation of the potential of EMDR.

Existe algo de debate (Greenwald & Shapiro 2010) con respecto a la utilidad del SPIA, la teoría (mas correctamente nombrada como una hipótesis), ampliamente aceptada para corroborar el EMDR. Por un lado el procesamiento adaptativo de la información se ha visto redundante debido a la extensiva evidencia que existe para el EMDR. En esencia: EMDR funciona, por lo tanto ¿Qué papel juega el procesamiento de la información? Por el otro lado teorizando los resultados en las hipótesis de las investigaciones, la expansión del conocimiento y mas profundizado entendimiento. El presente autor apoya la última posición descrita, pero piensa que SPIA no explica completamente los cambios psicológicos que acontecen en el EMDR. Voy a argumentar que SPIA, tal y como esta, actualmente reduce la investigación dentro del EMDR como es esencialmente una teoría sobre la reducción del cambio psicológico negativo, aunque deja una puerta abierta a la posibilidad de cambio psicológico positivo. Sin embargo el cambio psicológico negativo y su reducción es sin ningún significado el único efecto del EMDR. Esto sugiere que la SPIA es una teoría parcial del cambio psicológico. También significa más, fundamentalmente que existe un “punto ciego” dentro de la investigación que tiene un gran potencial en el EMDR que está siendo consistentemente y considerablemente ignorado. En la actual forma del SPIA, el uso de palabras como “digerido” o “metabolizado”, mientras se extiende el corolario fisiológico central para la SPIA, hace poco para explicar el cómo el porqué y el cuándo del cambio psicológico positivo. Yo propongo una extensión a la teoría que he acuñado: “La Plasticidad del Significado” (PDS), que está basada en hallazgos fenomenológicos, superficialmente paralelos a la Teoría de la Consolidación de la Memoria y va por lo menos de alguna manera convirtiendo la SPIA a una teoría unificada del cambio psicológico y que proporciona marcadores de investigación para extender el reconocimiento del potencial del EMDR.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP David Blore Plasticity of Meaning

8. Chang, S. H. (2007, September). Role of EM and stimulus valence presentation order in the return of fear: Possible implications for the therapeutic mechanism. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association Conference, Dallas, Texas. (NSC 93-2413-H-002-002-).

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Research background & aims: This study examined possible therapeutic mechanisms of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989, 1995, 2001) in terms of exposure and information processing model. While exposure model contended process of extinction and response habituation, Stickgold (2002) proposed that sleep induced change in associative memory via activation of weak association during REM state and EM functioned as REM sleep to integrate the episodic memory of trauma into general semantic memory. In this study, the effect of EM compared to that of Exposure-Only (non-EM) on process measures of SUDs, ratings of cockroach phobia across sessions, along with outcome measures were examined. Specifically, the degree of return of fear and response habituation was explored. Methods: Thirty-six college students with cockroach phobias were recruited as participants and invited after informed consent for 4 1-week interval treatment sessions and a 1 month follow-up session. The instruments for outcome measures included Cockroach Phobia Questionnaire, fear ratings of cockroach slides, FSS, STAI-S, BDI, short form of SCL-90, the Revised Thought-Action Fusion Questionnaire, White Bear Suppression Inventory, and cognitive tasks for measuring strength of associations. The SUDs, credibility and therapeutic relationship rating, and physiological measures such as HR, HRV, EOG, served as process measures. Due to space limitations, the results of cognitive task and physiological measures were reported elsewhere. The participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: EM condition (EM vs. Non-EM exposure only) × block order of cockroach theme presentation (negative cognition first vs. positive cognition first). A 2 (EM condition) × 2 (order of valence presentation) × 9 (time: pre-assessment and post-assessment for each of the 4 sessions plus 1 month follow-up assessment) mixed factorial design was performed, with time serving as within Ss factor and the other two variables serving as between Ss factors. There were 20 trials in each therapeutic session. The duration of each trial was 30s for both the EM and Exposure-Only conditions. Results: After preliminary analyses for group differences on pretreatment variables, credibility-relationship ratings, and outcome variables were explored, the 2 (EM condition) × 2 (order of valence presentation) × 9 (time) ANOVA on SUDs showed that the main effects of time and EM were both significant (p < .001 and p < .034). Subsequently, two 2 (order of valence presentation) × 9 (time) ANOVAs were performed for EM condition and Exposure-Only condition, respectively. The results showed that for EM condition, only time effect was significant (p < .006); while for Exposure-Only condition, there were a significant time effect (p < .001) and an approaching significant valence presentation order effect (p < .065), with the SUDs being higher in negative cognition presented first condition compared to positive cognition presented first condition; whereas the effect was not significant for the EM condition. Using trend analyses and inspection of time effect showed that significant within session SUDs reduction for Exposure-Only conditions. Notwithstanding, the pairwise comparisons for the 9 time points indicated salient phenomena of return of fear among several of the 5 sessions for this condition when comparing the pre-assessment of each session with post-assessment of its previous session. Whereas for EM condition the return of fear between sessions was small and the trend analysis showed a reduction with linear trend. Conclusions & Discussion: Compared to Exposure-Only, EM resulted in less degree of sufferings while participants encountering negative theme which in turn might facilitate further processing of negative memory. In addition, EM might add something beyond the mechanism of pure exposure. The less return of fear indicating that information processing in addition to response inhibition might take place between sessions. The results echoed Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing model and Stickgold’s REM-sleep dependent memory reprocessing model, suggesting that EM in EMDR might reflect a shift in associative memory systems by activating different strength of associations of negative semantic nodes for different semantically related words. Given that previous research showed that EM decreased emotionality and also generate greater amount of associations for negative stimuli, the implications of the present results from theoretical and therapeutic point of views and future research possibilities are discussed.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model REM-Sleep Dependent Memory Reprocessing Model Saccadic Eye Movement Semantic Association

9. Chang, S. H. (2009). Role of EM and stimulus valence presentation order in the return of fear: Possible implications for the therapeutic mechanism. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model REM-Sleep Dependent Memory Reprocessing Model Saccadic Eye Movement Sematic Association

10. Cotraccia, A. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing and a systemic biopsychosocial model. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 27-36. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.27.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Shapiro's (2001) adaptive information processing (AIP) model portrays an innate healing system hypothesized to be composed of neurophysiological mechanisms of action causally related to the resolution of disturbing life experiences. The author expands the model to include psychosocial mechanisms and suggests that a model of a biopsychosocial system can best depict causal properties related to positive outcomes of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Teleofunctionalist and evolutionary perspectives are applied: the first, to explain the inclusion of the psychological and social features highlighted in the updated model; the second, to support the hypothesis that AIP is a goal of the human attachment system. It is posited that bonding, following a disturbing life experience, facilitates the access of information related to previous states, thus allowing an update of self/world models. These interactions are analogous to psychotherapeutic encounters, with multiple levels of information processing at subpersonal, personal, and interpersonal levels. Analysis of the causal properties of personal and interpersonal levels supports a broader understanding of AIP's scope in conceptualizing psychopathology and informing treatment applications and research.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Biopsychosocial Internal Working Models Teleofunctionalism

11. Cotraccia, T. (2010, September/October). Bio-psychosocial adaptive information processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The role of neurobiological structures in Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) is becoming more understood. This workshop considers specific psychological and social components of the AIP model. Attunement and internal working models of self and world are suggested as additional components of a systemic AIP model. The psychotherapy relationship is conceptualized as a dynamic feedback system modeled after a securely attached caregiver-child dyad. This workshop draws from affective neuroscience, information theory, philosophy of mind and general systems theory to consider how components interact at multiple levels to resolve disturbing life experiences and enhance bio-psychosocial functioning. The additions to the model will be used to highlight clinical phenomenon relevant to EMDR practice.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

12. D'Hooghe, D. (2012, June). Integrating attachment theory and the AIP model in working with early childhood trauma in an attachment relationship [La integración de la teoría del apego y el modelo AIP al trabajar sobre el trauma infantil precoz dentro de una relación de apego]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this presentation I would emphasize the relationship between attachment, trauma and the development of the AMN (adaptive memory network). From a psychobiological point of view, we understand that early relational experiences shape brain growth and organization and that the major environmental influence on the development of the brain is the attachment relationship. Reductions in brain volume and dysfunctional memory networks following traumatic experiences in early childhood are documented. When there is a distressing incident, it may become stored in state-‐specific form, unable to connect with other memory networks that hold adaptive information. The research of the neurobiology of the social brain and the mirror neuron system let us assume that the AMN is developing in the presence of an attuned caretaker. Healing traumatic memories is relational and procedural. I use EMDR within the Phase-‐ model of trauma-‐informed treatment. During the preparation phase (phase 1 and 2 EMDR protocol) I would like to stress the importance of: • evaluating the attachment pattern of the child. It affects how the child relates to the therapist. Establishing a healing therapeutic relationship is a goal of phase 2. • the activation of networks containing adaptive information and positive memories • increasing coping abilities, self-‐efficacy and sense of mastery. That may result in reduction of the fear responses and enabling changes in the meaning of the experiences, and a new memory can be formed.

En esta presentación, queremos enfatizar la relación que existe entre apego, trauma y desarrollo de la red adaptativa de memoria (AMN). Desde un punto de vista psicológico, entendemos que una temprana experiencia relacional forma el cerebro y hace crecer la organización y consideramos que la principal influencia ambiental del desarrollo del cerebro es la relación de apego. Las reducciones en el tamaño del volumen del cerebro y las redes de memoria disfuncionales seguidas de experiencias traumáticas en la infancia están documentadas. Cuando existe un evento vital estresante, puede ser almacenado en una forma específica de estado, impidiendo conectar con otras redes de memoria que retienen la información adaptativa. La investigación de la neurobiología del cerebro social y el sistema de neuronas espejo, nos permite asumir que la AMN se desarrolla en presencia de un cuidador acostumbrado. Sanar recuerdos traumáticos es relacional y referente al procesamiento. Yo uso EMDR dentro del modelo-‐fase del tratamiento para el trauma informado por el paciente. Tratamiento del modelo de fase para el trauma informado: Durante la preparación fase (fase 1 y 2 del protocolo EMDR) me gustaría recalcar la importancia de: -‐ Evaluar el patrón de apego del niño. Que afecta en como el niño se relaciona con el terapeuta. -‐ La activación de redes que contienen información adaptativa y recuerdos positivos. -‐ Incremento de las habilidades de afrontamiento, autoeficacia y autocontrol. Esto puede conllevar una reducción de las respuestas de miedo e inhibir cambios en significado de las experiencias y puede llevar a la formación de un nuevo recuerdo.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Theory Childhood Trauma

13. Dodgson, P. W. (2007, June). Shame: The adaptive information processing model and introduction of the "protocol interweave" in EMDR with victims of torture, rape and organised violence. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Shame is often a key component of post-traumatic stress and one that can inhibit processing because the person concerned feels no compassion for the self that was shamed. Shame may lead to despising or hating that self so that allowing the self to grow, to recovered, feels almost impossible. Shame is experienced cognitively, emotionally, and somatically: in “brain, heart, and body.”
Shame may lead to blocked processing that does not respond to cognitive interweaves or other approaches such as changes in speed, modality and direction of bilateral stimulation, or “TICES’ strategies, changing aspects of images, cognitions or emotional and sensory interventions. Typically, Subjective Units of Distress scale scored stick at 4.
This paper will draw on clinical work with people who have experienced rape, torture and organized violence and explore ways of unlocking the inhibiting factors of shame, enabling the victim of personal violence to have compassion for themselves, and forgiveness. With compassion, a person can allow themself to recover, and processing the memories of the traumatic incident or incidents can move to adaptive resolution.
The paper will present case material using the adaptive information processing model as a helpful way of enabling clinets to normalize their mental, emotional and somatic reactions, to structure what often seems like a chaotic inner world and to address issues including shame.
This paper will propose a protocol for EMDR psychotherapy with people who have been victims of rape, torture, and organized violence and will introduce a “protocol interweave” for working with people for whom shame is a factor that impedes effective processing.
The “protocol interweave” focuses on the ‘self who has been shamed” and adapts the desensitization phase to enable the individual to process material associated with their thoughts, feelings, and sensations with regards to the self of whom they are ashamed and whom they may despise. The paper will also examine recent thinking about shame, compassion and forgiveness and reflect on similarities across psychotherapeutic modalities such as gestalt and cognitive behaviour therapy and the way in which EMDR is an integrative model that accommodates these.
The presentation will include PowerPoint and video clips of clinical consultations.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Organised Violence Protocol Interweave Rape Shame Torture

14. Edalatian-McCain, N. (2008, September). AIP model and treatment of clients with dissociative symptoms or disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Principles derived from Adaptive Information Processing, the theoretical basis of EMDR that are particularly relevant to working with clients with dissociation are discussed. These include principles that explain the development of dissociation, as well as those that inform treatment. Using case vignettes, these principles are applied to all phases of EMDR treatment, from case conceptualization to re-processing of traumas. It is shown how AIP informs the therapist of the prerequisites for successful trauma processing, needed resources, in-session tools, how to guide the client through reprocessing of the traumatic material in an adaptive way, and how to prevent re-traumatization.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Model Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Symptoms

15. Fernandez, I., & Giovannozzi, G. (2012, March-April). EMDR ed elaborazione adattiva dell’informazione. La psicoterapia come stimolazione dei processi psicologici autoriparativi [EMDR and adaptive information processing: Psychotherapy as a stimulation of the self-reparative psychological process]. Rivista di Psichiatria, 47(Supplement 1), 4S-7S. doi:10.1708/1071.11731.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A partire dal concetto di evento traumatico, viene descritto il modello dell’elaborazione adattativa dell’informazione per illustrare come l’EMDR viene applicato per la rielaborazione dei traumi e per risolvere la psicopatologia post-traumatica. Vengono quindi presentate le otto fasi del trattamento con EMDR, le modalità di funzionamento di una seduta di EMDR e il contributo e l’innovazione che l’EMDR rappresenta nel campo della terapia degli stati post-traumatici e la sua applicabilità in altri quadri sintomatici.

Based on the concept of traumatic event, the model of the adaptive information processing is described to illustrate how EMDR is applied to reprocess the trauma and resolve post-traumatic psychopathology. The eight phases of the EMDR treatment are presented together with the way an EMDR session is conducted and the contribution and innovation that EMDR represents in the field of therapy of post-traumatic states and its applicability in other symptomatic conditions.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

16. Garcia, F. (2010, Abril). EMDR y el procesamiento adaptativo de la información [EMRD and adaptive processing of the information]. In EMDR: Un abordaje integral de la personalidad traumatizada (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el Congreso Internacional sobre Avances en Tratamientos Psicológicos, Granada, Spain.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
El EMDR se ha desarrollado como una psicoterapia integrada que se ha utilizado a nivel mundial en la última década como tratamiento empíricamente validado para el trauma. A lo largo de este tiempo, se ha hecho evidente que es posible aliviar el sufrimiento, ayudar a parar el ciclo de la violencia y abordar los devastadores efectos de la transmisión generacional. Este acercamiento psicoterapéutico utiliza un protocolo de tratamiento para acceder a los sucesos vitales perturbadores, los disparadores actuales y las experiencias futuras proyectadas, y procesarlas con una resolución adaptativa (Shapiro, 2002). Se accede a todos los aspectos de la experiencia (imaginación, creencias, afecto y sensaciones corporales), mientras de forma simultánea se da estimulación dual de la atención, por movimientos oculares bilaterales, tonos o estimulación táctil. El procesamiento de las memorias perturbadoras indica un cambio simultáneo en la cognición, el afecto y las sensaciones físicas, dando como resultado una integración adaptativa de la experiencia. Este acercamiento integra elementos de distintas escuelas de psicoterapia, haciendo del EMDR aplicable a una enorme variedad de patologías y accesible a terapeutas de distintas orientaciones dentro de una serie de protocolos estandarizados (Van der Kolk, B., 1997). En esta presentación exponemos las líneas generales de este modelo psicoterapéutico a partir de la descripción del protocolo básico en EMDR que se estructura en ocho fases: 1) Recopilación sobre la historia del cliente; 2) preparación del cliente para el trabajo a realizar; 3) valorar todos los componentes de la diana de tratamiento 4) desensibilizar el material traumático objeto de la diana mediante la estimulación bilateral; 5) instalar la cognición positiva identificada; 6)revisar el cuerpo para localizar cualquier material residual sin resolver; 7) cierre de la sesión y 8) reevaluación del impacto del evento reprocesado.

EMDR has been developed as an integrated psychotherapy has used worldwide in the last decade as a treatment empirically validated for trauma. Throughout this time, it has become evident it is possible to alleviate suffering, help stop the cycle of violence and address the devastating effects of the generational transmission. This approach uses a psychotherapeutic treatment protocol accessing disruptive life events, current triggers and projected future experiences, and process them with a resolution Adaptive (Shapiro, 2002). Access to all aspects of the experience (Imagination, beliefs, affection and bodily sensations), while in simultaneously gives dual attention stimulation for movement bilateral eye tones or tactile stimulation. The processing of memories disturbing indicates a simultaneous change in cognition, affection and physical sensations, resulting adaptive integration experience. This approach integrates elements from different schools of psychotherapy, doing the EMDR applicable to a wide variety of pathologies therapists and accessible to different orientations within a range of standardized protocols (Van der Kolk, B., 1997). In this paper we present the outlines of this model psychotherapeutic from the description of the basic EMDR protocol which is divided into eight phases: 1) collection on the history of the client; 2) preparing the client for the work to be performed, 3) evaluate all components treatment of the target 4) desensitize traumatic material object of the target by bilateral stimulation; 5) install cognition positively identified; 6) reviewing the body to locate any residual material unresolved; 7) logoff and 8) reassessment of the impact of reprocessed event.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

17. Greenwald, R., & Shapiro, F. (2011). What Is EMDR? Concluding Commentary by Greenwald and Response by Shapiro. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(1), 2-13. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.1.25.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This Point/Counterpoint concludes the interchange in Greenwald, R. and Shapiro, F. (2010) What is EMDR?: Commentary by Greenwald and Invited Response by Shapiro Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4, 170-179. Greenwald Rejoinder: In this rejoinder, I highlight areas of agreement between Shapiro and me that were obscured by Shapiro's (2010) response to my (Greenwald, 2010) commentary. I also address some of the erroneous statements made by Shapiro (2010) in her arguments against my positions. Finally, I summarize our disagreements, and again assert that until we have an empirical basis for preferring a particular theoretical model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), it is premature for professional organizations to endorse Shapiro's model. Shapiro Response: In response to Greenwald, I again confine myself to addressing some of the errors and misconceptions in his arguments in relation to important aspects of EMDR therapy, theory, and research. Further, contrary to his assertion, there is already a sufficient empirical basis to support the preferential use of the adaptive information processing (AIP) model from which the EMDR procedures were formulated. His argument against this position is antithetical to the traditional process by which foundational models are challenged, refined, or replaced. Implications are salient to both training and practice.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Model Psychotherapy Research

18. Greenwald, R., & Shapiro, F. (2010). What is EMDR?: Commentary by Greenwald and invited response by Shapiro. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), 170-179. doi:10.1891/19333196.4.4.170 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Greenwald: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has already been defi ned by at least one EMDR-focused professional association as inextricably based on Shapiro’s (2001) eight-phase protocol and adaptive information processing (AIP) model. This commentary argues that given the lack of data supporting an exclusive preference for Shapiro’s constructs, EMDR’s defi nition should not preclude legitimate alternative conceptualizations. Since defi nitions may be used for many inclusive and exclusive purposes with impact on EMDR’s development, dissemination, practice, and reputation, EMDR’s defi nition should be reconsidered. Shapiro : Greenwald’s arguments and suggested redefi nition are examined in relation to EMDR research, theory and practice. As evaluated in numerous studies, EMDR is a distinct, eight-phase integrative psychotherapy approach that consists of numerous procedures and protocols, which were formulated and are conducted in accordance with the principles of the AIP model. Research and published clinical case reports have validated both its utility and predictions of positive treatment outcomes with a variety of populations. Professional implications are explored.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Phase Model Psychotherapy Trauma

19. Grey, E. (2010, April/May). Gaining clarity … Driving your EMDR practice with the adaptive information processing model. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The EMDR clinician’s understanding of the tenets of the AIP model and EMDR protocol is necessary for effective case conceptualization and treatment. This workshop is designed to assist the therapist in translating this knowledge into practical application of the AIP by adding an element of fun. Dr Grey is skilled at using analogies and narratives to make highly technical neuroscientific information user-friendly and understandable. His style is down-to-earth and engaging as he “plays” with the information to make it fun and interesting. You will leave the workshop with a stronger understanding of the AIP, 8-Phase Protocol, and the three-pronged approach; and having learned creative tools to apply to EMDR case conceptualization and planning.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP

20. Grey, E. (2010, September/October). RSVP: Validating and expanding AIP tenets. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is designed to enhance the EMDR case conceptualization and treatment. It is necessary for clinicians to be able to translate the Adaptive Information Processing model into practical application. This presentation is conceived from five years of research on EMDR, stress, and the brain. It is very interactive with a moderate amount of didactic information. Participants will leave having reviewed the AIP model, eight- phase protocol, and three-pronged approach; gain an understanding of current research in the AIP model; gain knowledge of current research of neuroscience of the three-pronged approach; and practice case conceptualization.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

21. Hase, M. (2012). Quo vadis EMDR? Die entwicklung der EMDR-methode und das AIP-modell [What is EMDR? The development of the EMDR method and the AIP model] . Präsentation auf EMDRIA Tag, Köln, Deutschland.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

22. Hase, M., Schallmayer, S., & Sack, M. (2008). EMDR reprocessing of the addiction memory: Pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 170-179. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.170.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This randomized controlled study investigated the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of alcohol dependency. EMDR was applied to reprocess the addiction memory (AM) in chronically dependent patients. The AM includes memories of preparatory behavior, drug effects (drug use), and loss of control (Wolffgramm, 2002). It is understood to involve extensive brain circuitry, drive part of conscious and unconscious craving, change environmental response at an organic level, and modify circuits that link to feelings of satisfaction, future planning, and hope. Thirty-four patients with chronic alcohol dependency were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus two sessions of EMDR (TAU+EMDR). The craving for alcohol was measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) pre-, post-, and 1 month after treatment. The TAU+EMDR group showed a significant reduction in craving posttreatment and 1 month after treatment, whereas TAU did not. Results indicate that EMDR might be a useful approach for the treatment of addiction memory and associated symptoms of craving.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Addiction Memory Craving Treatment TAU Treatment As Usual

23. Hensley, B. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing, targeting, the standard protocol, and strategies for successful outcomes in EMDR reprocessing. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 92-100. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.92.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article provides excerpts from each chapter of An EMDR Primer: From Practicum to Practice (Hensley, 2009) to assist novice eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinicians who are learning how to use this approach and to serve as a refresher for therapists who have not used EMDR consistently in their practices. Actual cases are presented that demonstrate various strategies that the therapist can use to help clients reach adaptive resolution of trauma. Tables and figures highlight important features to explain the obvious and subtle nuances of EMDR. Focal points are the following: (a) the adaptive information processing model; (b) the types of targets accessed during the EMDR process; (c) the 8 phases of EMDR; (d) the components of the standard EMDR protocol used during the assessment phase; (e) past, present, and future in terms of appropriate targeting and successful outcomes; and (f) strategies and techniques for dealing with challenging clients, high levels of abreaction, and blocked processing.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Cognitive Interweave Three-Pronged Approach Types of Targets Unblocking Strategies

24. Hoffman, S. (2009). On science, orthodoxy, EMDR, and the AIP, H. Lipke, Invited response. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 111. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.109.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In the letter to the editor titled “On Science, Orthodoxy, EMDR, and the AIP,” the writer criticizes the EMDRIA’s defi nition of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This defi nition affects EMDR training requirements, EMDRIA continuing education credits, the programs selected for the annual conference, and the work of the Journal for EMDR Practice and Research. The defi nition was put into place in 2003 in order to set the professional standard for the community. It has been revised once and, like all policies, is subject to further revision based on new information.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Letter Orthodoxy Science

25. Jarero, I. (2011). EMDR, el SPIA y los mecanismos potenciales de accion [EMDR, AIP, and potential mechanisms of action]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicotraumatología y Disociación, 2(2), [137 pages].

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
El corazón del EMDR involucra la transmutación de estas experiencias almacenadas disfuncionalmente a una resolución adaptativa que promueve la salud psicológica.

The heart of EMDR involves the transmutation of these stored experiences dysfunctional to an adaptive resolution that promotes psychological health. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Mechanism of Action

26. Jarero, I. (2012). EMDR, el SPIA y el desarrollo de resiliencia [EMDR, AIP, and development of resilience]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicotraumatología y Disociación, 2(2). Retrieved from http://revibapst.com/EMDR-SPIA-RESILIENCIA.pdf 11/20/2012.

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Por medio de este Sistema de Procesamiento de Información (SPI), las nuevas experiencias son normalmente procesadas a estados adaptativos. Esto significa que son asimiladas en redes de memoria ya existentes con información adaptativa.

Through this Information Processing System (IPS), new experiences are processed normally adaptive states. This means they are assimilated into existing memory networks with adaptive information. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Resilience

27. Kennedy, J. (2013, April 24). Exploring alternate ways to deal with trauma. Truro Daily News, Colchester County, Nova Scotia.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
I recently received EMDR training to add to my skill set of interventions to offer clients. What is EMDR, you might ask? It is the acronym for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. This treatment was developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro to help those with trauma related disorders such as, PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder), whose natural ability to process traumatic experiences was compromised. The hypothesis is that EMDR bilateral stimulation (eye movements, audio beeps, tactile pulses) replicates REM sleep, which is presumed to assist the brain in processing the information it received during the day. The idea being that the eye movements, or other forms of bilateral stimulation, add to the therapy’s effectiveness by evoking neurological and physiological changes to aid in the reprocessing of the traumatic memories. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP General Overview

28. Klaff, F. (2007). Children of divorce. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 284-305). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Much attention has been devoted to examining whether divorce negatively impacts children's psychological adjustment, or whether divorce is now so prevalent that it can be considered a normative transitional event (Kaslow, 1981). Divorce brings many structural and functional changes. These include the logistic and emotional complications of a nonresidential parent, financial disequilibrium, and two systems with differing rules and expectations. Additionally, there are new subsystem components, such as parental figures, step- and half-siblings, and extended families with a potentially motley cast of new characters and different environments impacting the system. What constitutes "family" for children of divorce is often quite different from what is traditionally viewed as the nuclear family. This chapter discusses divorce effects on childhood adjustment; family systems-based treatment of divorce; adaptive information processing model applied to divorce issues; and the therapy process--integrative family therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Two case examples are presented, followed by a concluding discussion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adjustment Children of Divorce Divorce Emotional Adjustment Family Family Systems Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Integrative Family Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Models Therapy Process

29. Knipe, J. (2007, April). Dissociative disorders: An overview using the adaptive information processing model. Presentation at the Japanese EMDR Association Conference, Kyoto, Japan.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Dissociative Disorders

30. Knipe, J. (2009). "Shame is my safe place": Adaptive information processing methods of resolving chronic shame-based depression. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR Solutions II: For depression, eating disorders, performance, and more, (1st Ed.) (pp. 49-89). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co..

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Depression Shame

31. Knipe, J. (2010, September/October). What the adaptive information processing model brings to the assessment and treatment of dissociative disorders. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clients with a dissociative personality structure can be very vulnerable to dissociative abreaction – i.e. “reliving” the trauma with intense disturbance while experiencing a loss of present orientation and safety. In addition, a client who has repeatedly experienced this type of traumatic intrusion is likely to have developed complex psychological defenses. This presentation will include the description of certain AIP “tools” that can be used to help dissociative clients who have strong phobic fears of their own post-traumatic material and who have developed additional mental actions to prevent the emergence of that troubling material. These “tools” will be illustrated with brief session transcripts and video segments.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders Plenary

32. Knipe, J. (2010, July). Adaptive information processing as a guiding framework for the treatment of addictive disorders and addictive behavior patterns. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Within our field, the term “addiction” has been used to describe not only chemical dependence but also entrenched, selfdefeating behavior patterns. Either type of addiction may develop in the context of traumatic experience. An impulse to engage in addictive behavior can be thought of as a part of a dysfunctionally-stored memory network connected with traumatic events. In this workshop, an Adaptive Information Processing model of addiction will be presented, including guidelines for treatment planning, preparation, resource installation, urge reduction, and (when necessary) transformation of the addict “identity.” The content of the presentation will be illustrated with video examples.

Keywords: Addictions Addictive Behaviors Addictive Disorders

33. Knipe, J. (2010, September/October). Dissociation through the AIP lens. Opening address at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Dissociation Opening Address

34. Knudsen, N. J. (2007). Integrating EMDR and Bowen Theory in treating chronic relationship dysfunction. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp.169-186). Hoboken,. xxxiii, 470 pp.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The concept of Chronic Relationship Dysfunction was developed by the author to describe the experience of those who are unable to find and maintain a healthy relationship with a mate and who feel considerable related emotional distress. The types of experiences that people with this problem typically present in a clinical setting include the inability to make any meaningful contact with an appropriate partner and making a series of poor choices so that no relationship lasts. Clients seeking treatment for relationship problems can be effectively treated using a Bowen family systems perspective (Bowen, 1978; Kerr & Bowen, 1988) as the theoretical backdrop for understanding the bigger relational context. In addition, the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model (Shapiro, 2001) can be used to understand the physiological link between critical early life experiences and current dysfunction. Together these theories provide a cohesive theoretical base and integrative treatment approach for use with clients with chronic relationship dysfunction. The AIP model and the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) approach address current symptoms such as chronic relationship dysfunction by allowing the individual to reprocess the old material, thus integrating it with current information. The treatment model described here utilizes the basic structure of the EMDR protocol with the clinical application of Bowen Theory at certain key times. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Bowen Theory Chronic Relationship Dysfunction Cognitive Processes Family Systems Theory Interpersonal Relationships Models

35. Kong, C., & Lendl, J. (2012, October). EMDR-AIP update and applications for EMDRIA approved consultants. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Consultation is playing a larger role in EMDR training. It is necessary for completion of the basic training, for EMDRIA certification, and for becoming a Consultant. Participants will be able to: 1) cite EMDRIA’s definition of EMDR and apply it in consultation situations; 2) describe Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) Theory as it applies to EMDR psychotherapy, for use in consultation; and 3) explain the 8-Phase/3-Prong Protocol in EMDR for use in consultation situations. The workshop will include lecture, handouts, and role-play of consultation situation vignettes, with time for questions from participants’ consulting experiences. This workshop will not discuss EMDRIA certification requirements or how to become a consultant.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Consultants Updates

36. Lanius, U. (2012, October). Neurobiology, adaptive information processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Recent neuroscience research is discussed with a view towards increasing our understanding of underlying neurobiological processes with respect to the phenomenology of dissociation. It is suggested that dissociation is a result on a breakdown in the linking of different neural networks in the time domain, e.g. information processing. Recent research suggests that both lower brain structures as well as higher brain structures are involved. It is suggested that this process is essential to our understanding both of dissociation on one hand, as well as Adaptive Information Processing on the other.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Neurobiology

37. Leeds, A. (2008, September). Adaptive information processing, attachment theory and EMDR case conceptualization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
With complex cases many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.

Keywords: AIP Attachment Theory Case Conceptualization

38. Leeds, A. (2010, June). AIP, attachment theory and EMDR case conceptualization. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
With complex cases, many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004, 2009). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Theory Case Conceptualization

39. Leeds, A. (2010, July). AIP case forumation and treatment planning. Preconference presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification as a model for case formulation that can assist in predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With multiple, divergent models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text (Shapiro, 2001), this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004), Leeds (2004) and de Jongh, et al., (2010). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Treatment Planning

40. Leeds, A. M. (2009, August). AIP, attachment theory and EMDR Case conceptualization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
With complex cases, many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Theory

41. Leeds, A. M. (2010, February). Extinction or reconsolidation differences between suppression and transformation in how we recover from traumatic experiences. Author.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Memory is central to all learned behavior, and in humans to one’s sense of identity. Sleep and memory processes are deeply entwined. Both are central to our sense of well-being.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Extinction, Prolonged Exposure Reconsolidation

42. Lendl, J., & Kong, C. (2010, September/October). EMDR-AIP update for EMDRIA approved consultants. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Consultation is playing a larger role in EMDR training. It is necessary for completion of the basic training, for EMDRIA Certification, and for becoming an Approved Consultant. Participants will be able to cite EMDRIA’s Definition of EMDR and apply it in consultation sessions; describe the concept of Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) as it informs the EMDR psychotherapy methodology; and explain the eight-Phase/three-Prong Protocol through the AIP lens. The workshop will include lecture, handouts, and role-play of consultation situations, with time for questions from participants’ consulting experiences. This workshop will not discuss EMDRIA Certification requirements or how to become an Approved Consultant.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Update

43. Leutner, S. (2012). Arbeit mit inneren anteilen im EMDR-prozess: stärkung der bindungsfähigkeit [Working with inner components in the EMDR process: Strengthening the binding ability]. Präsentation auf EMDRIA Tag, Köln, Deutschland.

Language: Swedish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Arbeta med EMDR och AIP-modell har mycket liknande målsättningar i det att de syftar till att stärka den inre processen av kunden och komma över effekterna av trauma. Det visas att en kombination av båda metoderna ger terapeuten med ett kraftfullt verktyg. Det diskuteras som inre delarna kan spela en roll vid bearbetning trauma. Här har vi inte bara titta på patientens sida, men också vid sidan av terapeut och hans eller hennes ego-stater, tyder inte bara patienten tar hand om traumatiserade ego-stater och kommer i kontakt med inre hjälpare, men terapeuten också tar hänsyn till vilka av hans / hennes ego-stater som kan vara till hjälp eller behöver skydd samtidigt tillämpa EMDR-protokollet

Working with EMDR and the AIP-Model have very similar goals in that they aim to strengthen the inner process of the client and overcome the effects of trauma. It is shown that the combination of both methods provides the therapist with a powerful tool. It is discussed which inner parts can play a part in processing trauma. Here we do not only look at the patient's side, but also at the side of the therapist and his or her ego-states, suggesting not only the patient takes care of traumatized ego-states and gets into touch with inner helpers, but the therapist, too takes into consideration which of his/her ego-states may be helpful or need protection whilst applying the EMDR protocol.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Ego State Therapy Ego States

44. Lipke, H. (2009). On science, orthodoxy, EMDR, and the AIP. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 109-110. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.109.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Comments on the book by Francine Shapiro (see record 2001-05049-000). I was fortunate to observe Shapiro’s concern for the principles of science in the development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). She insisted that EMDR be called experimental until after there was supportive peer-reviewed literature, limited training to mental health professionals, and strongly encouraged research. EMDRIA and its peer-reviewed journal have generally continued in this admirable direction. However, when an association is organized around a specific method of treatment rather than a problem area or a more general philosophy of approach, the question of orthodoxy must be addressed. At its best, orthodoxy ensures that practice is consistent with what has been demonstrated to be worthwhile, and all benefit from adherence. Also, there are aspects of the adaptive information processing (AIP), as it is described in the text, that are debatable and some that appear even self-contradictory. One example is Shapiro’s claim that the AIP is a “psychophysiological” model while also denying that enough is known about the details of psychophysiology to offer an explicit model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

45. Litt, B. (2007). The child as identified patient: Integrating contextual therapy and EMDR. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 306-324). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
It is estimated that as many as 2% of children under age 12 and from 5% to 18% of adolescents suffer from a depressive disorder (Birmaher et al., 1996; Northey, Wells, Silverman, & Bailey, 2003) that will likely persist into adulthood (Northey et al., 2003; Wagner & Ambrosini, 2001). Contextual Therapy is a differentiation-based (e.g., Kerr & Bowen, 1988; Schnarch, 1991) approach in that it promotes self-determination in the face of family pressure for compliance, reliance on internal resources for self-validation rather than dependence on others for approval, and the overcoming of emotional discomfort in the interests of responsible action (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986). Both the contextual approach and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model predict that formative childhood experiences affect both psychological health and relational functioning. With its systemic paradigm and its ethical dimension of relationship, the contextual approach is complementary and additive to Shapiro's (2001) AIP model. The contextual approach shows the clinician where to look for the targets, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) provides the potency to transform the experience. A general structure of phase-oriented therapy can be described that accounts for most, if not all, referrals for treatment. An assessment phase, a contracting phase, and an intervention phase characterize the main tasks of the therapist. In practice, these phases may overlap, coincide, or repeat themselves over the course of minutes, weeks, or months. This chapter describes only those practices that are unique to the integrated approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Affective Disorders Child Patients Contextual Therapy Depressive Disorder Integrated Approach Integrative Psychotherapy Major Depression Models

46. Lombardo, M. (2012). EMDR target timeline. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 37-46. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.37.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This Clinical Q&A section responds to a question about organizing a client's historical information into a targeting sequence within a treatment plan that is consistent with Shapiro's (2001) three-pronged protocol. The procedures for identifying and prioritizing treatment eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) targets are reviewed in the context of Shapiro's theoretical model, and various time line models are summarized. The author then presents her EMDR Target Time Line, which provides a practical simple visual tool for documenting past, present, and future aspects of the presenting problem. It allows the therapist to note if disturbing past experiences present around a core theme, such as negative cognitions, physical symptoms, or situations/persons/circumstances. Three clinical cases are used to illustrate the form's application with various types of treatment targets.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP: Clinical Application Core Theme Time Line Treatment Target

47. Lombardo, M. (2013). Ligne du temps des cibles EMDR [EMDR target timeline]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 44E-54E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.E44.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cette section de questions & réponses cliniques répond à une question relative à l’organisation des informations historiques d’un patient en une séquence de ciblage au sein d’un plan de traitement en accord avec le protocole à trois volets de Shapiro (2001). Les procédures d’identification et d’établissement de priorités des cibles d’EMDR sont revues dans le contexte du modèle théorique de Shapiro et différents modèles de ligne du temps sont résumés. L’auteur présente ensuite sa ligne du temps des cibles EMDR, un outil visuel simple et pratique permettant de documenter les aspects passés, présents et futurs du problème présenté. Elle permet au thérapeute de noter si les expériences perturbantes passées peuvent s’organiser autour d’un thème central, tel que des cognitions négatives, des symptômes physiques ou des situations, des personnes ou des circonstances. Trois cas cliniques sont proposés pour illustrer l’application de l’outil à divers types de cibles de traitement.

This Clinical Q&A section responds to a question about organizing a client's historical information into a targeting sequence within a treatment plan that is consistent with Shapiro's (2001) three-pronged protocol. The procedures for identifying and prioritizing treatment eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) targets are reviewed in the context of Shapiro's theoretical model, and various time line models are summarized. The author then presents her EMDR Target Time Line, which provides a practical simple visual tool for documenting past, present, and future aspects of the presenting problem. It allows the therapist to note if disturbing past experiences present around a core theme, such as negative cognitions, physical symptoms, or situations/persons/circumstances. Three clinical cases are used to illustrate the form's application with various types of treatment targets.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP: Clinical Application Core Theme Time Line Treatment Target

48. Manon, M. (2007). EMDR Treatment of family abuse: Eye movement to "I" movement. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 95-110). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter presents an inside view of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) narrated by a client who was requested to tell her story to educate clinicians and clients so that others might be healed. The client's vivid account of her emotional history, along with the description of various memories targeted in treatment and the results of her processing sessions, provide an illustration of the therapy. Her emotional upheaval and adult relationships are a reflection of the cauldron of abuse, deceit, and chaos intrinsic to her family of origin. As indicated by the Adaptive Information Processing model, her symptoms were largely the result of the earlier negative experiences from childhood that were dysfunctionally stored in her brain. These memories had inherent within them the emotions and perspectives that generated her negative sense of self and inability to function happily in the world. The processing of the memories of these early events resulted in accelerated learning and a concomitant transmutation of her personal identity and self-efficacy. An addendum to the case by Kaslow elucidates the family systems perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Child Abuse Cognitive Processes Early Memories Family Abuse Family Systems Perspective Memories

49. Marich, J. (2009, Summer). Clinically significant trauma: Insights from the adaptive information processing model on grief and loss. The American Academy of Bereavement Newsletter, 1, 5, 10.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The adaptive information processing (AIP) model, the theoretical model developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro to explain why psychopathology develops and why EMDR works to resolve it, can often be usefully applied for case conceptualization by non-EMDR therapists. In this article, the author explains how the AIP model can be used to better understand a case of complicated bereavement in a 27-year-old client, and how a treatment plan can be more sensitively developed.

Keywords: Grief Loss

50. Maxfield, L. (2007, May). The adaptive information processing model in action. Plenary presented at the bi-annual meeting of the EMDR Association of Canada, Toronto.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Plenary

51. Maxfield, L. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. In C. R. Figley, (Ed). Brief treatments for the traumatized: A project of the Green Cross Foundation. Contributions in psychology, no. 39. (pp. 148-169). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press/Greenwood Publishing Group.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Since Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced 12 years ago (F. Shapiro, 1989), it has become the most research treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its efficacy has been widely recognized. EMDR is a comprehensive treatment protocol in which the client attends to emotionally disturbing material in short sequential doses while simultaneously focusing on an external stimulus. This chapter provides an overview of the development of EMDR and Shapiro's (2001) Adaptive Information Processing Model, which hypothesizes that EMDR works by forging new links between elements of traumatic memories and adaptive information contained in other memory networks. The empirical evidence is examined, with summaries of 12 controlled studies: Civilian participants demonstrated a 70-90% decrease in PTSD diagnosis after 3-4 EMDR sessions. A concise explanation of the 8 phases of EMDR treatment process is augmented with multiple client vignettes. Finally, a case illustration provides a detailed description of the application of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Empirical Evidence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Traumatic Memories

52. Maxfield, L. (2009). On science, orthodoxy, EMDR, and the AIP, H. Lipke, Response from the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 109-112. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.109.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The Journal ’s instructions to authors are located inside the back cover of every issue. The relevant passage stated, “Articles that recommend a clinical approach that differs from EMDR’s standard protocol or its foundational Adaptive Information Processing model (Shapiro, 2001) should explain these differences.”The purpose of this instruction was to encourage clarity rather than conformity. It is important for Journal readers, some of whom have not been trained in this method, to know whether the techniques described are standard for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) or variations on the protocol. For example, the reader of an article describing a technique that combines EMDR with aspects of another psychotherapy approach such as hypnosis could assume that hypnotic inductions were part of standard EMDR unless it was stated clearly which elements were adapted from that method. The request that authors also clarify points of divergence from the adaptive information-processing (AIP) model was similarly intended to generate clarity. It is consistent with the recognition that a common platform for discussion is needed, even if that platform is imperfect. It is also consistent with Shapiro’s teaching of the AIP model as a clinical heuristic that is subject to revision in the face of new data or more compelling models. Rather than thwarting discussion, the request that authors explain points of disagreement was designed to promote deeper consideration of the mechanisms and models underlying EMDR. In response to Dr. Lipke’s letter, the Journal ’s Editorial Board engaged in a thorough review process to examine the value of this instruction and invited responses (see letters above) from Dr. Shapiro and the EMDRIA’s Board of Directors to further illuminate the process. The Editorial Board has a diverse membership, and there were divergent opinions, including some disagreements with the following response. It was decided to modify the identified statement so that it now reads, “Articles that recommend a clinical approach that differs from EMDR’s standard protocol or Shapiro’s (2001) Adaptive Information Processing model should discuss these differences.”

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Letter Orthodoxy Science

53. McGoldrick, T., Begum, M., & Brown, K. E. (2010). L’EMDR et l’autodysosmophobie. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), E63-E67. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.4.E63.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L’autodysosmophobie est une maladie actuellement considérée comme un trouble délirant selon les critères DSM-IV. Les patients sont convaincus de produire une mauvaise odeur, ce qui provoque une détresse émotionnelle importante et des conséquences sociales négatives. Son étiologie n’est pas entièrement comprise ; les interventions pharmacologiques et psychothérapeutiques obtiennent généralement peu de résultats. Cet article décrit le traitement de quatre cas consécutifs d’autodysosmophobie dont les symptômes pathologiques avaient persisté depuis 8 à 48 ans. L’administration de l’EMDR se traduisait par le traitement de diverses expériences de vie qui semblaient causer ou déclencher la pathologie. Les séances EMDR ont entraîné la résolution complète des symptômes dans les quatre cas et ce résultat était maintenu lors du suivi. En considération des résultats rapides et durables, nous proposons une hypothèse basée sur le modèle du Traitement Adaptatif de l’Information (TAI) afi n d’expliquer l’étiopathologie et la rémission.
Cet article a paru que McGoldrick T., Begum, M., Brown, KW (2008). EMDR et de référence olfactive Syndrome: Une série de cas. Journal de pratique EMDR et de la recherche, 2 (1), 63-68. Traduction française par Jenny Ann Rydberg.

Olfactory Reference Syndrome is a disease currently considered a delusional disorder according to the criteria DSM-IV. Patients are confident of producing a bad smell, which causes distress important emotional and negative social consequences. Its etiology is not fully understood, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions generally achieve little results. This article describes the treatment of four consecutive cases of autodysosmophobie whose pathological symptoms had persisted for 8 to 48 years. The administration of EMDR resulted the treatment of various life experiences that seemed to cause or trigger the disease. The EMDR sessions resulted in complete resolution of symptoms in four cases and this result was maintained at follow-up. In consideration of the rapid and lasting results, we propose a hypothesis based on the model of Adaptive Information Processing (ADP) afi nd'expliquer the etiopathogenesis and remission.
This article originally appeared as McGoldrick T., Begum, M., Brown, K. W. (2008). EMDR and Olfactory Reference Syndrome: A Case Series. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2 (1) , 63–68. French translation by Jenny Ann Rydberg.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Olfactory Reference Syndrome Trauma

54. McGoldrick, T., Begum, M., & Brown, K. W. (2008). EMDR and olfactory feference syndrome: A case series. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 63-68. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.63.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is an illness currently considered a delusional disorder under the DSM-IV criteria. Patients believe that they emit a foul odor, causing them great emotional distress and negative social consequences. Its etiology is inadequately understood, and there is generally a poor response to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. This article describes the treatment of four consecutive cases of ORS whose pathological symptoms had endured for 8-48 years. The administration of EMDR consisted of processing the various life experiences that appeared to cause and/or trigger the pathology. The EMDR sessions resulted in a complete resolution of symptoms in all four cases, which was maintained at follow-up. Given the rapid and sustained results, we offer a hypothesis based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model to explain the etiopathology and remission. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adults AIP Case Report Delusional Disorder Females Olfactory Reference Symptoms ORS Shame Stressors Survivors Trauma Treatment Effectiveness

55. Meignant, I. (2010, July). Adaptive information processing model (AIP). Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This Abstract will explore EMDR as an AIP model of psychotherapy. The following aspects will be discussed. Foundation of pathologies: unprocessed physiologically stored memories of life experiences. Definition of Trauma: Any life experience that has a negative on going impact on a person’s life. Therapy goal: Accessing and reprocessing physiologically stored memories of life experiences, triggers and encoding future templates. Memory as composed of: sensory information (smell, image, sound, taste and touch), cognitions, emotions and body sensations. EMDR as a 3 stage therapy model: Past, Present, Future Three themes explored in EMDR therapy: 1) Responsibility (which includes Culpability and Self-esteem) 2) Safety, and 3) Choice The Eight phases of EMDR: Departure and Arrival stations: SUDs , VOC, and BODY scan

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Poster

56. Paulsen, S. L. (2007, September). Integrating somatic interventions and EMDR: Keeping it AIP “legal”. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Shapiro’s contributions include not only the discovery of the role of eye movements, but the development of the eight-phases for safety and effectiveness and Adaptive Information Processing theory. In tandem, advances in the neurobiology of trauma have resulted in somatic interventions for treating trauma. This workshop will: 1) summarize theory behind somatic interventions and its relationship to AIP theory; 2) identify defining elements of somatic interventions and; 3) identify where in the eight-step process of EMDR specific somatic elements can be utilized while maintaining the integrity of EMDR.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Eight Phases Eye Movements Somatic Interventions

57. Popky, A. J. (2011, October). An urge reduction protocol as a new way to address addictions and dysfunctional behaviors based on the AIP model of EMDR. Presentation for Care For the Troops, Marietta, Ohio.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The purpose of this document is to act as a training manual for those clinicians that work with addictive populations and that have completed already completed EMDR level 1 and 2 trainings. Previous research on EMDR has focused on its usefulness for treating trauma-related symptoms in a diverse sample of subjects. This protocol deals with targeting triggers that bring up urges rather than traumas. It is the authors beliefs that the targeting of triggers is a gentler way of dealing with this addictive population and that as triggers are reprocessed ego strength grows until the thread to the trauma or core issues are ready to emerge to be reprocessed. Background This treatment model and the theories involved are based on experience from personal client observation and anecdotal reports received from other therapists using this same protocol. It is an eclectic model and combines many methodologies, including but not limited to, cognitive-behavioral, solution focused, Ericksonian, narrative, object relations, EFT, TFT, to name a few. The bi-lateral stimulation from the accelerated information processing model (EMDR) seems to form the catalyst for rapid processing and change, the turbo-charger that speeds the healing process. Successful results have been reported across the wide spectrum of addictions and dysfunctional behaviors: chemical substances (nicotine, marijuana, alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine, crack, heroin/methadone, etc.), eating disorders such as compulsive overeating, anorexia and bulimia, along with other behaviors such as sex, gambling, shoplifting, anger outbursts, OCD and trichotillomania, etc. Since this is an urge reduction protocol the scope of applications can include a wide variety of applications.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Addictions AIP Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing DeTUR Dysfunctional Behaviors

58. Ray, A. L., & Zbik, A. (2001). Cognitive behavioral therapies and beyond. In C. D. Tollison, J. R. Satterhwaite, & J. W. Tollison (Eds.). Practical Pain Management 3rd Ed. (pp. 189-208). Philadelphia: Lippencott.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The authors note that the application of EMDR guided by the Adaptive Information Processing model appears to afford benefits to chronic pain patients not found in other treatments.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Chronic Pain

59. Rouanzoin, C. (2011, August). EMDR update and refresher course. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is for any clinician who has received the Basic Training in EMDR through an EMDRIA-Approved Training. The workshop will review and update information on: AIP case conceptualization; the 8 phases of EMDR treatment; developing the Target Sequencing Plan; the three prongs of EMDR treatment; and the use of cognitive interweave for stuck processing. The participants will also have an opportunity to improve their skills in the use of Floatbacks and Affect Scans. A practicum experience will help further consolidate these concepts.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Case Conceptualization Refresher Update

60. Royle, L. (2008). EMDR as a therapeutic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 226-232. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.226.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a condition characterized by a new and persistent fatigue unexplained by other conditions and resulting in a substantial reduction in the individual's activity levels. Current treatment includes psychotherapeutic procedures such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, pharmacological interventions, and graded exercise therapy. This article considers the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for the condition of CFS. The case study describes the use of EMDR with a 49-year-old male client who had suffered debilitating CFS for nearly 5 years despite accessing other treatment methods. After 9 sessions, the client indicated that his energy levels were significantly higher, his need for sleep had reduced (from 15-20 hours to 9.5 hours in a 24-hour period), and he was able to resume employment. Results suggest that EMDR may be useful in treating CFS within a personalized treatment plan.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Case Study CFS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Treatment Efficacy

61. Schneider, J., Hofmann, A., Rost, C., & Shapiro, F. (2007). EMDR and phantom limb pain: Theoretical implications, case study, and treatment guidelines. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 31-45. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.31.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article reviews the literature on EMDR treatment of somatic complaints and describes the application of Shapiro's Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model in the treatment of phantom limb pain. The case study explores the use of EMDR with a 38-year-old man experiencing severe phantom limb pain 3 years after the loss of his leg and part of his pelvis in an accident. Despite treatment at several rehabilitation and pain centers during the 3 years, and the use of opiate medication, he continued to experience persistent pain. After 9 EMDR treatment sessions, the patient's phantom limb pain was completely ablated, and he was taken off medication. Effects were maintained at 18-month follow-up. The clinical implications of this application of EMDR are explored. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Adults AIP Amputation Case Report Depressive Disorders Males Motor Traffic Accidents Pain Phantom Limb Physical Pain Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors

62. Schwartz, G. (2009). Introducing adaptive information processing (AIP) and EMDR: Affect management and self-mastery of triggers. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 57-61). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
It is helpful to introduce the concept of Adaptive Information Processing, to help your clients understand the nature of how our brains work. To do this, you can use a metaphor concerning the front and back of the brain. [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP: Affect Management Protocol Triggers

63. Settle, C. (2007, June). EMDR with children 2-10 years of age: Practical and creative therapuetic tools derived from an ongoing fidelity study based on the adaptive information processing model. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will encompass the findings from a current and ongoing research study on EMDR with young children, with implications for clinical practice arising from this study. The clinical experiences of the presenter, which include treating traumatized children and training EMDR therapists, led to the first EMDR fidelity study on children. From that study, our preliminary findings led us to formulate suggestions about training therapists; these ideas will be explained in the workshop.
Examples will be discussed of how issues related to the therapist, client, and patient, home environment, clinical environment, and therapist training all impact the EMDR treatment protocol with children 20 to 10 years of age. Participants will also learn to identify developmentally appropriate and child-specific languaging in order to conceptualize the treatment of children using the EMDR protocol. Using Dr. Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing model, participants will learn to attune to the child verbally and non-verbally to understand how the child has learned to store the trauma in their memory network, versus how the parent or therapist believes the trauma to be stored. Specific tools like mapping and graphing that are used to tease out all the pieces of the EMDR protocol and develop case conceptualization will be demonstrated with associated videos. Through the use of Powerpoint presentation, case presentation, and handouts, additional practical and interesting tools will be presented to assist therapists in using Resource Development, Mastery, and Safe Place exercises in the efficacious treatment of young children. Creative tools used to identify targets, emotions, body sensation, and negative and positive cognitions, will be demonstrated, as well as measurements to aid the child in eliciting the VOC and SUDs. Also, the important of the three-pronged approach (the process of addressing targets from the past, present, and future), and how to develop targets from a child’s often concrete perspective, will be discussed. Finally, participants will be able to use a specific format for reevaluation from both the child’s and parents’ point of view. With these advanced skills in translating EMDR into developmentally appropriate terms and imaginative tools for implementation, participants will return to their practices encouraged to use the entire EMDR protocol with even the youngest of clients. The workshop, which is based on clinical experience and research, will teach creative skills in applying the eight-phase protocol to young children.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Children Fidelity Study Techniques

64. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2008). Early EMDR intervention (EEI): A summary, a theoretical model, and the recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 79-96. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.79.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article examines existing early EMDR intervention (EEI) procedures, presents a conceptual model, and proposes a new comprehensive protocol: the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol (R-TEP). A review of research and important professional issues regarding application and parameters are presented. The commonly used EEI protocols and procedures are summarized, with the inclusion of descriptive case examples from the Lebanon war and a review of related research. Then a theoretical model is presented in which traumatic information processing is conceptualized as expanding from a narrow focus on the sensory image (perceptual level) to a wider focus on the event/episode (experiential level) and finally to a broad focus on the theme/identity (meaning level). The relationship of this model to the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol is articulated and case examples are presented. Theoretical speculations are discussed relating to attention regulation and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model. Further research is encouraged. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Cognitive Processes Crisis Intervention Early EMDR Intervention Emergency Room Patients Israel-Hezbollah War Israelis Prevention of PTSD Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Recent Events Survivors

65. Shapiro, F. (1999, June). Access, stimulate, move. Plenary at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) understand the three primary aspects of EMDR treatment; 2) understand the implictions of the adaptive information processing system; and 3) be able to describe the conceptual basis of EMDR targeting.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Plenary Targeting

66. Shapiro, F. (2004, September). Adaptive information processing: EMDR clinical applications and case conceptualizations. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Procesing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The implications of this paradigm will be explored in relation to a variety of recent clinical case studies and research reports. Questions from participants will be used to explore potential clinical applications, and to hone case conceptualization skills.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents AIP Females Memories Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept

67. Shapiro, F. (2003, September). Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The model was formulated to describe clinical phenomena observed in EMDR, successfully predict treatment effects, and guide clinical practice. These principles, along with EMDR protocols, and procedures will be used to evaluate various trends in EMDR clinical practice. Clinical cases and questions collected from particlpants will be used to illustrate the ways in which EMDR can be applied.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents Cognitive Processes AIP Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Females Integrative Psychotherapy Memories Plenary Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept

68. Shapiro, F. (2005, June). Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The model was formulated to describe clinical phenomena observed in EMDR, successfully predict treatment effects, and guide clinical practice. These principles, along with EMDR protocols and procedures will be used to discuss a wide range of clinical applications, ranging from acute through chronic and complex conditions.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents AIP Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Females Integrative Psychotherapy Keynote Memories Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept

69. Shapiro, F. (1996, Summer). EMDR: Adaptive information processing. Independent Practitioner, 16(3), 142-146.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) method defines the succesful treatment of pathology as a clinician-assisted "self-healing" process. Specifically, the individual reprocesses the dysfunctional information stored in the nervous system as a result of previous disturbing events. Congruent with the principles of mind/body psychology, there is an assumed interaction of psychological and physiological processes. The nature of the clinical disorder is defined on the basis of the type of experiences that have been dysfunctionally stored and which need to be effectively processes.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

70. Shapiro, F. (2005, December). EMDR and adaptive information processing: Clinical applications and case conceptualization. Presentation at the 5th Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The implications of this paradigm will be explored in relation to a variety of recent clinical case studies and research reports. Questions from participants will be used to explore potential clinical applications.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents AIP Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Females Integrative Psychotherapy Memories Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept Video

71. Shapiro, F. (2007). EMDR and case conceptualization from an adaptive information processing perspective. In F. Shapiro, F. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 3–36). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
In its 20-year history, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has evolved from a simple technique into an integrative psychotherapy approach with a theoretical model that emphasizes the brain's information processing system and memories of disturbing experiences as the basis of pathology. The eight-phase treatment comprehensively addresses the experiences that contribute to clinical conditions and those that are needed to bring the client to a robust state of psychological health. The concept of the transformation of the stored experience through a rapid learning process is the key to understanding the basis and application of EMDR and its guiding Adaptive Information Processing model (Shapiro, 1995, 2001, 2002). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of both theory and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Brain Cognitive Processes Integrative Psychotherapy Memories Memory Models Pathology Psychotherapeutic Techniques Psychotherapy Approach Stored Experience

72. Shapiro, F. (2005, December). EMDR and adaptive information processing: Clinical applications and case conceptualization. Presentation at the 5th Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The implications of this paradigm will be explored in relation to a variety of recent clinical case studies and research reports. Questions from participants will be used to explore potential clinical applications.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Case Conceptualization

73. Shapiro, F. (2006). New notes on adaptive information processing: Case formulation principles, scripts, and worksheets. Hamden, CT: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.

Language: English

Format: Book

Keywords: Practice Theory

74. Shapiro, F. (2004). Theory: The adaptive information processing model. EMDR Institute, Inc.

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Shapiro developed an information processing theory to explain and predict the treatment effects seen with EMDR. This theoretical model also describes the development of personality, psychological problems and mental disorders. The following is a simplified description of Shapiro’s theory.

Keywords: Information Processing Model

75. Shapiro, F. (2011, November). L'EMDR, le traitement adaptatif de l'information et la conceptualisation de cas [EMDR, adaptive information processing and case conceptualization]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), 51E-73E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.E51.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L’EMDR est une approche psychothérapeutique intégrative, centrée sur le client, qui met l’accent sur le système cérébral de traitement de l’information et sur les souvenirs d’expériences perturbantes en tant que fondations des pathologies qui ne sont pas causées par un déficit ou une blessure organique. L’EMDR aborde les expériences qui contribuent aux conditions cliniques ainsi que celles qui sont nécessaires pour accompagner le client vers un état de santé psychologique robuste. L’article apporte une synthèse de l’histoire, du développement et des recherches qui ont établi l’EMDR en tant que traitement soutenu empiriquement. Après l’explication du modèle de traitement adaptatif de l’information, un exemple de cas approfondi illustre la conceptualisation de cas recommandée en EMDR et les huit phases du protocole. Cette approche est utilisée pour traiter les souvenirs antérieurs qui sont à la base de la pathologie et les situations présentes qui déclenchent le dysfonctionnement, tout en apportant les scénarios pour une action future appropriée et les comportements permettant de combler les déficits développementaux et/ ou les lacunes d’acquisition d’habiletés. Les bénéfices de l’intégration de l’EMDR avec les perspectives de la systémique familiale en vue d’apporter les effets thérapeutiques les plus complets sont décrits.

EMDR is an integrative, client-centered psychotherapy approach that emphasizes the brain's information processing system and memories of disturbing experiences as the bases of those pathologies not caused by organic deficit or insult. EMDR addresses the experiences that contribute to clinical conditions and those needed to bring the client to a robust state of psychological health. Overviews of the history, development, and research that have established EMDR as an empirically supported treatment are provided. Subsequent to an explanation of the adaptive information processing model, an extended case example is used to illustrate the recommended EMDR case conceptualization and eight phases of treatment. This approach is used to process the early memories that set the foundation for the pathology and the present situations that trigger the dysfunction, while providing templates for appropriate future action that incorporate the information and behaviors needed to overcome skill and/or developmental deficits. The benefits of integrating EMDR and family systems perspectives to provide the most comprehensive therapeutic effects are described.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Mode Systemic Family Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Memories

76. Shapiro, F. (2009, December). EMDR and adaptive information processing: Applications to individual and family therapy. Presentation at the 6th Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR directly addresses the physiologically stored memory networks that underlie both psychological problems and mental health. This orientation to both case conceptualization and treatment will be explored to address diverse clinical applications, including attachment issues, body image, chronic pain, substance abuse, sexual dysfunction, personality disorders, and other presenting complaints. The Integration of EMDR with family therapy practices will also be discussed.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing

77. Shapiro, F. (2007). EMDR, adaptive information processing, and case conceptualization. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(2), 68-87. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.2.68.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR is an integrative, client-centered psychotherapy approach that emphasizes the brain's information processing system and memories of disturbing experiences as the bases of those pathologies not caused by organic deficit or insult. EMDR addresses the experiences that contribute to clinical conditions and those needed to bring the client to a robust state of psychological health. Overviews of the history, development, and research that have established EMDR as an empirically supported treatment are provided. Subsequent to an explanation of the adaptive information processing model, an extended case example is used to illustrate the recommended EMDR case conceptualization and eight phases of treatment. This approach is used to process the early memories that set the foundation for the pathology and the present situations that trigger the dysfunction, while providing templates for appropriate future action that incorporate the information and behaviors needed to overcome skill and/or developmental deficits. The benefits of integrating EMDR and family systems perspectives to provide the most comprehensive therapeutic effects are described. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Case Conceptualization Family Systems Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Memories

78. Shapiro, F. (2011, August). EMDR therapy update: Theory, research and practice. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR therapy directly addresses the physiologically stored memory networks that underlie both psychological problems and mental health. This adaptive information processing orientation to both case conceptualization and clinical application will be explored in relation to diverse populations. The latest research evaluating both treatment outcomes and underlying mechanisms will be addressed. In addition, clinical cases and questions collected from participants will be used to illustrate the ways in which EMDR can be applied.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Practice Research Theory Update

79. Shapiro, F. (2010, Spring/Summer). EMDR therapy: Adaptive information processing, clinical applications and research recommendations. Trauma Psychology Newsletter, 12-18.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
I want to begin by thanking the Division for honoring me with the 2009 Award for Outstanding Contributions to Practice in Trauma Psychology. I was very touched to have received the award in the 20th year since the publication of my first article in the Journal of Traumatic Stress in 1989. I also appreciate this invitation to provide an update on some of the recent advances in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) practice that are relevant to the Division, along with a clarification of its current procedures and theoretical underpinnings. For instance, due in part to my first publication, which described “EMD” solely in terms of desensitization with repeated return to the target memory, many in the field are unaware that, as EMDR, it is no longer simply an exposure treatment. In fact, with the accent on “reprocessing,” EMDR pays only occasional attention to the initial target and, importantly, includes the facilitation of an association process that actually contradicts most of the tenets of current exposure therapies. Therefore, I will also take this opportunity to explain some of the differences between these treatment orientations, since this distinction points the way to additional clinical applications and research opportunities. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Ressearch

80. Shapiro, F. (2009). On science, orthodoxy, EMDR, and the AIP, H. Lipke, invited response. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 110-111. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.109.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Thank you for the invitation to respond to Dr. Lipke’s letter. I will confine myself to statements regarding the adaptive information processing (AIP) model and my text. However, I would like to begin by stating that I applaud the free exchange of ideas regarding the model. I formulated the principles in 1990 because the effects I was observing with “EMD” could not be explained by my original behavioral orientation. These AIP principles were pivotal in the development of the current procedures and protocols of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), moving it from a technique to a psychotherapy approach, offering a comprehensive view of the clinical picture and successful treatment applications. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Letter Orthodoxy Science

81. Shapiro, F. (2009, March). EMDR and adaptive information processing. Presentation at the Lifespan Learning Institute.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

82. Shapiro, F. (2012). Getting past your past: Why we are who we are and what to do about it, with self-help techniques from EMDR therapy. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Books.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Francine Shapiro, the creator of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) explains how our personalities develop and why we become trapped into feeling, believing, and acting in ways that don't serve us. Through detailed examples and exercises, listeners will learn to understand themselves and why the people in their lives act the way they do....

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Self-Help Techniques

83. Shapiro, F., & Laliotis, D. (2011, June). EMDR and the adaptive information processing model: Integrative treatment and case conceptualization. Clinical Social Work Journal, 39(2), 191-200. doi:10.1007/s10615-010-0300-7.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR is a comprehensive psychotherapy approach that is compatible with all contemporary theoretical orientations. Internationally recognized as a frontline trauma treatment, it is also applicable to a broad range of clinical issues. As a distinct form of psychotherapy, the treatment emphasis is placed on directly processing the neurophysiologically stored memories of events that set the foundation for pathology and health. The adaptive information processing model that governs EMDR practice invites the therapist to address the overall clinical picture that includes the past experiences that contribute to a client’s current difficulties, the present events that trigger maladaptive responses, and to develop more adaptive neural networks of memory in order to enhance positive responses in the future. The clinical application of EMDR is elaborated through a description of the eight phases of treatment with a case example that illustrates the convergences with psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and systemic practice.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Integrative Treatment Memory Networks

84. Solomon, R. M., & Shapiro, F. (2010). EMDR y el modelo de procesamiento adaptativo de la informacion (PAI) mecanismos potenciales de cambio [EMDR and adaptive model of information processing (AIP) potential mechanisms of change]. Revista de Psicopterapia, 20(80), 17-37.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La desensibilización y reprocesamiento mediante movimientos oculares (EMDR) es un abordaje terapéutico que está guiado por el modelo de procesamiento adaptativo de la información (PAI). Este artículo proporciona una breve visión de conjunto de algunos de los principales preceptos del PAI. Se plantea la hipótesis de que la base de la patología clínica radicaría en los recuerdos almacenados disfuncionalmente, derivándose los resultados terapéuticos obtenidos del procesamiento de tales recuerdos dentro de redes adaptativas mayores. A diferencia de las terapias de exposición basadas en la extinción, se postula que los recuerdos considerados como diana en el EMDR pueden sufrir la transmutación durante el procesamiento para ser luego almacenados nuevamente durante el proceso de reconsolidación. Por ello, se proporciona una comparación y un contraste con los modelos de procesamiento de la información basados en la extinción como así también el tratamiento, que incluye las repercusiones que puede tener para la práctica clínica. A lo largo del artículo se comenta una diversidad de mecanismos de acción, incluidos aquellos que se deducen de los principios del modelo PAI como de los propios procedimientos del EMDR, entre los que figura la estimulación bilateral. A fin de investigar las diversas hipótesis, se ofrecen sugerencias de investigación.

"Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach guided by the adaptive information processing (AIP) model. This article provides a brief overview of some of the major precepts of AIP. The basis of clinical pathology is hypothesized to be dysfunctionally stored memories,with therapeutic change resulting from the processing of these memories within larger adaptive networks. Unlike extinction-based exposure therapies, memories targeted in EMDR are posited to transmute during processing and are then again stored by a process of reconsolidation. Therefore, a comparison and contrast to extinction-based information processing models and treatment is provided, including implications for clinical practice. Throughout the article a variety of mechanisms of action are discussed, including those inferred by tenets of the AIP model, and the EMDR procedures themselves, including the bilateral stimulation. Research suggestions are offered in order to investigate various hypotheses."

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Mechanisms of Change

85. Solomon, R. M., & Shapiro, F. (2008). EMDR and the adaptive information processing model - Potential mechanisms of change. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(4), 315-325. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.4.315.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach guided by the adaptive information processing (AIP) model. This article provides a brief overview of some of the major precepts of AIP. The basis of clinical pathology is hypothesized to be dysfunctionally stored memories, with therapeutic change resulting from the processing of these memories within larger adaptive networks. Unlike extinction-based exposure therapies, memories targeted in EMDR are posited to transmute during processing and are then again stored by a process of reconsolidation. Therefore, a comparison and contrast to extinction-based information processing models and treatment is provided, including implications for clinical practice. Throughout the article a variety of mechanisms of action are discussed, including those inferred by tenets of the AIP model, and the EMDR procedures themselves, including the bilateral stimulation. Research suggestions are offered in order to investigate various hypotheses.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Information Processing Mechanism of Change Psychotherapy

86. Srivastava, U., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2008, September). Application of EMDR in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A case study. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(2), 163-172.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article presents a case study applying Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in major depressive disorder. The study describes the application of Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model in the treatment of major depressive disorder and explores the use of EMDR with a 30 year old woman experiencing depressive symptoms with 3 suicidal attempts in 5 years. Due to strong negative reactions to psychiatric medicines, her treatment was discontinued several times and she was referred for psychotherapeutic intervention. After 9 EMDR treatment sessions, her depression was completely cured; her coping improved and other symptoms of anxiety and social withdrawal were completely controlled. Effects were checked and found maintained up to 6 months follow up. The clinical implications of application of EMDR have been explored.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Bilateral Stimulation BLS Case Study Depression EMs Eye Movements Major Depressive DIsorder Somatic Symptoms BHUJ experience.

87. Teixeira, R (2007, Novembro). Introdução ao EMDR: Protocolo 8 fases EMDR [Introduction to EMDR: 8 phase EMDR protocol]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Processamento Adaptativo de Informação; Protocolo de 8 fases e a estrutração dos ICES.

Adaptive Information Processing; Protocol 8 phases.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Eight Phases

88. Tibaldi, M. (2004, Luglio-Dicembre). Psicologia analitica ed EMDR: Un'avvicinamento possibile? [Analytical psychology and EMDR: A rapprochement possible?]. Studi Junghiani, 10(2), 127-145.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Attraverso la narrazione del proprio incontro con l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), l’autrice presenta la Teoria dell’Elaborazione Accelerata dell’Informazione e il protocollo di Francine Shapiro, usato nel trattamento delle esperienze traumatiche codificate a livello somatico. Sono evidenziate le competenze psicologico-analitiche che valorizzano l’uso di questa metodica e si discute la possibilità di ricorrere, nel trattamento di sintomi resistenti alla terapia verbale, a un setting integrato nel quale l’EMDR rappresenti, tra l’altro, un punto di partenza per l’elaborazione immaginale.

Through the narration of his encounter with the EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), the author presents Accelerated Information Processing model Francine Shapiro used in the treatment of traumatic experiences encoded at a somatic level. They highlighted the psychological and analytical skills which enhance the use of these methods and discusses the possibility of making use in the treatment of symptoms resistant to talk therapy, to an integrated setting in which EMDR represents, among other things, a point basis for the development imaginal.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

89. Tofani, L. R. (2006). La terapia basata sull'adaptive information processing e la terapia familiare sistemica - Dalla compatibilita teorica all'integrazione opertiva [Adaptive information processing therapy and systemic family therapy - From theoretical compatibility to the beginning of integration]. In M. Balbo (a cura). EMDR: Uno strumento di dialogo fra le psicoterapie [EMDR: A tool for dialogue among the psychotherapies] 1e edizione, (pp. 277-306). Milano, Italy: McGraw-Hill.

Language: Italian

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Systemic Family Therapy

90. van Rood, Y. R., & de Roos, C. (2009). EMDR in the treatment of medically unexplained symptoms: A systematic review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 248-263. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.248.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This systematic review presents evidence for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of a diverse range of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Theoretical underpinning, variations in interventions, methodological issues, and outcomes are discussed, and implications for future research and clinical practice are presented. Considering the limited number of reported case series and the lack of controlled studies, it might be concluded that EMDR for MUS is only in its infancy. The preliminary results suggest that EMDR might be an effective treatment for MUS and somatoform disorders, particularly when they are related to trauma. To date, the results for phantom limb pain are the most promising.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Medically Unexplained Symptoms MUS Somatoform Disorders Systematic Review

91. Wesselmann, D. (2007). Treating attachment Issues through EMDR and a family systems approach. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp.113-130). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The difficult behaviors exhibited by children who meet the criteria for a diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) can be challenging to both parents and professionals. Utilizing the point of view of three models--attachment, Adaptive Information Processing, and family systems--can enhance the clinician's understanding of attachment-related symptoms. Although the models hold shared views, each brings an additional piece of the puzzle to case conceptualization and treatment planning. Family systems therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy are different but complementary approaches to improving attachment relationships. Some general treatment strategies combining a family systems approach with an EMDR approach that are helpful in working with families affected by disturbed parent-child attachments are presented here. Case examples and a concluding discussion complete the chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Attachment Disorders Cognitive Processes Family Systems Approach Family Systems Theory Family Therapy RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder Treatment Strategies

92. Wheeler, K. (2007, July). Psychotherapeutic strategies for healing trauma. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 43(3), 132-141. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2007.00122.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Purpose: The Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP), originally developed by Shapiro, provides a model for understanding how trauma affects the brain and how healing occurs. Conclusions: The effects of trauma are thought to be much broader than the diagnosis of PTSD and overlap with many other diagnostic categories. Recent physiological research supports the complexity of neurobiological responses to childhood stress and trauma. Practice Implications: The Treatment Hierarchy, AIP model, and evidence-based treatment framework presented here provide the context and a compass for holistic PMH-APRN practice for working with traumatized patients. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Cognitive Therapy Disorders of Extreme Stress (DESNOS) Healing Trauma Nursing Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD