Francine Shapiro Library

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1. Albright, D. L., & Thyer, B. (2010, February). Does EMDR reduce post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in combat veterans?. Behavioral Interventions, 25(1), 1-19. doi:10.1002/bin.295.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Prior meta-analyses have suggested that eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may be effective in alleviating the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR is now being recommended as a treatment for military combat veterans who suffer from PTSD. We provide a review of published outcome studies that appeared in print from 1987 - April, 2008 which examined the specific effects of EMDR on PTSD among military combat veterans. Studies were identified through electronic bibliographic databases, web sites, and manual searches of article reference lists. A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three quasi-experimental studies met our inclusionary criteria and are reviewed. The evidence supporting the use of EMDR to treat combat veterans suffering from PTSD is sparse and equivocal, and does not rise to the threshold of labeling the therapy as an empirically supported treatment. It is premature to incorporate EMDR into routine care for veterans to alleviate combat-related PTSD. EMDR needs a considerably stronger evidentiary foundation which includes large-scale RCTs involving credible placebo controlled treatment conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Keywords: Combat Veterans  Military  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PSTD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. Albright, D. L., & Thyer, B. (2010, November). EMDR is not an empirically supported treatment for combat-related PTSD…yet: A response to Elisha C. Hurley, Dmin, Colonel, USA (Retired). Behavioral Interventions, 25(4), 355-360. doi:10.1002/bin.304.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Keywords: Combat-Related PSTD  Letter  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. Albright, D. L., Thyer, B., Becker, B. J., & Rubin, A. (2011, November). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat veterans. Oslow, Norway: The Campbell Collaboration. Retrieved from www.campbellcollaboration.org on 2/16/2012.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
EMDR was introduced as a treatment modality about twenty five years ago (Shapiro, 1989). EMDR has eight treatment phases. The first three stages include: 1) history taking; 2) preparation (introduction to the EMDR protocol, coping strategies and affect management techniques) and 3) assessment (bringing to mind an image of a traumatic incident, identifying beliefs and emotions associated with that incident, rating the degree of disturbance felt in recalling the traumatic incident, and rating the validity of preferred cognitions about oneself). During the next phase desensitization the core component of the intervention is implemented. It involves using a dual attention/bilateral stimulation procedure that aims to reprocess the disturbing emotions and cognitions associated with the traumatic incident. The client is instructed to keep in mind the image, beliefs and cognitions while simultaneously visually tracking the therapist’ s fingers as they are moved back and forth in front of the client in a prescribed manner. (Bilateral tactile taps or auditory tones are used instead of eye movements for clients who have difficulty visually tracking.) Bilateral stimulation is also used during the next two phases - installation and body scan - which aim to install a positive cognition to replace the negative cognition associated with the trauma and to reprocess any remaining bodily sensations. During the next phase closure the client is advised about what to do between sessions if experiencing distress. The final phase re-evaluation occurs at the start of the next session and involves identifying and reprocessing any residual material from the previous session or that arose between sessions. The length of treatment sessions varies, but typically lasts from 60 to 90 minutes. The number of treatment sessions also varies, ranging between 5 and 15 sessions. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Combat Veterans  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Gomory, T. (2001, January ). A fallibilistic response to Thyer’s theory of theory-free empirical research in social work practice. Journal of Social Work Education, 37(1), 26-50.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The author responses to the professor B.A. Thyer's theory of theory-free empirical research in social work practice. Thyer provides a number of examples in the present article, several apparently by his doctoral students. It is not quite clear what he means when he offers them in the spirit of these contemporary qualitative times as anecdotal examples of this distortion of the research process, except to suggest that these case examples are just personal reflections and are not therefore to be taken seriously. That would be most unempirical and to no point. It seems at least to this reviewer that a set of theoretical conjectures formalized in a treatment package was being tested, perhaps something to the effect that the provision of education about the consequence of compliance or noncompliance together with case management support and reminders will significantly improve maternal compliance. Thyer apparently doesn't recognize this as theory testing or using theory, but he would need to spell out specifically why, for example, case management is a theory-free intervention.[Author's abstract]

Keywords: Theory-Free Empirical Research  Thyer  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Colosetti, S., & Thyer, B. A. (2000, October). The relative effectiveness of EMDR versus relaxation training with battered women prisoners. Behavior Modification, 24(5), 719-739. doi:10.1177/0145445500245006 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
5 women prisoners with a history of being battered and who met the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD were assessed (A phase) and provided with structured relaxation training (RT) (B phase, or placebo treatment), followed by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy (C phase). Using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Impact of Events Scale's avoidance behavior and intrusive thoughts subscales as outcome measures, RT alone did not result in any clinical improvements. The subsequent provision of EMDR did not improve upon this lack of success with 4 of the 5 participants; 1 did improve on anxiety and intrusive thoughts. The apparent ineffectiveness of EMDR with these participants may be attributed to several explanations. Foremost perhaps is the hypothesis that EMDR is not sufficient to ameliorate the effects of chronic abuse. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  African American  Anxiety Disorders  Avoidance  Battery  Drug Abuse  Effectiveness  Empirical Study  European Americans  Females  Intrusive Thoughts  Quantitative Study  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Prison Inmates  PTSD  Rape  Relaxation Therapy  Survivors  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  Treatment Spouse Abuse  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Thyer, B. A. (2001, January). Research on social work practice does not benefit from blurry theory:  A response to Tomi Gomory. Journal of Social Work Education, 37(1), 51-66 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a well-supported evidence-based psychosocial treatment that clinically and significantly helps clients meeting the DSM criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Dozens of well-controlled clinical trials and dozens of single-subject studies bear this out, many designed and conducted by social workers. Most of these studies have involved Caucasian clients, a few used African Americans. But both groups seem to respond well, as do both males and females. Suppose a social worker has a new client from Mongolia with OCD. Falsificationism may well be the strongest approach to scientific inquiry regarding the validity of theories. The American Psychiatric Association used the following types of evidence in developing its practice guidelines: a randomized clinical trial, prospectively designed with double-blind assessments and treatment and control groups, a clinical trial, similarly prospective, but lacking blind assessments or control groups, cohort or longitudinal studies and case-control studies, retrospective studies of clients. [Author abstract]

Keywords: Letter  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Hurley, E. C. (2010, November). A response to the meta-analysis by Albright & Thyer: What best serves our troops?. Behavioral Interventions, 25(4), 349-353. doi:10.1002/bin.314.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Comments on Does EMDR reduce post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in combat veterans? by David L. Albright and Bruce Thyer (see record 2010-02408-001). As an Army Chaplain and psychotherapist for 30 years, I have used a variety of psychotherapy modalities to treat soldiers and military families in various combat zones, as well as military installations in the United States. In this capacity I have found eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to be efficacious in the treatment of both trauma and life adjustment issues. In my present position as Director of Soldier Center, Clarksville, TN, I use EMDR on a daily basis to treat soldiers and veterans recovering from combat trauma. Based on my extensive experience in the successful application of EMDR, I am dismayed by the pre-suppositional bias against and potentially serious misrepresentations of EMDR that are evident in the Albright and Thyer article from the authors' very first mention of it. The authors have done a great disservice to clinicians, as well as to veterans, with their paper. In summary, the best way to serve our troops is to urge comparative research between EMDR and the extant cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments. Our men and women in uniform deserve the best treatment possible. EMDR has amply demonstrated its efficacy with multiple trauma populations and should not be minimized because of subjective biases and misinformation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Albright  Letter  Thyer  Troops  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. Thyer, B. A. (2001, January). What is the role of theory in research on social work practice?. Journal of Social Work Education, 37(1), 9-25 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In 1967, when I was 14 years old, Scott Briar (1967) labeled the state of affairs with respect to research on social casework as a "crisis," in part because our field lacked evidence of the effectiveness of social work services. In the mid-1970s, shortly after I graduated from high school, Joel Fischer (1973a, 1973b, 1976) published articles and a book effectively documenting Briar's assertion that the field lacked a strong evidentiary basis for service.

Keywords: Research  

Accuracy Verified: Yes