Francine Shapiro Library ~ EMDR Bibliography

Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links

Choose any combination of the search options below. If you do not wish to include an option in your search, leave the box blank, or select "Any."

Year:
Format:
Language:
Title of Article or Chapter:
Title of Book or Journal:
Author's Last Name:
Keywords:

Your Results - you searched for the keyword Terror 44 Results

1. 生月誠 , 田上不二夫 [Ikezuki Makoto, and Tagami Fujio]. (2003年12月). 視線恐怖の治療メカニズム [Terror mechanism eye treatment]. 教育心理学研究, 51(4), 425-430 [Educational Psychology, 51 (4), 425-430].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
本研究では,視線恐怖を主訴とする被験者の,視線恐怖軽減のメカニズムを解明することが目的である。実験1では,言語反復を含むリラクゼーションによる脱感作の手続きを,実験2では,拮抗動作法による脱感作の手続きを用いた。いずれも,自己視線恐怖より,他者視線恐怖の軽減に効果的であり,distractionが視線恐怖軽減の重要な要因となることが示唆された。また,自己視線恐怖は自己の視線に関する独特の認知を伴っ …

In this study, the subjects complained of fear that someone, the goal is to elucidate the mechanism of reduced eye phobia. In Experiment 1, the relaxation process of desensitization by repetitive language, including, in the second experiment, using a desensitization procedure by antagonistic action. Both look over fear, self and others effectively to reduce eye phobia, distraction was suggested to be an important factor in reducing the look of fear. The look of fear on the unique self-awareness accompanied by their own eyes ...

Keywords: Fear Terror

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. de Jongh, A. (2005, November). Angstjes, angsten en fobieën: Hoe pak je het simpel aan met EMDR? [Anxiety, fears and phobias: How to go about it simple with EMDR?]. Presentatie op de eerste congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is een gevalideerde behandelmethode voor psychisch trauma. Maar niet altijd leidt het meemaken van een vervelende gebeurtenis tot PTSS: angsten of fobieën zullen veel vaker het gevolg zijn. In veel gevallen is de behandeling van een fobische stoornis zelfs een stuk lastiger dan van een PTSS. Dit komt omdat er meer geheugenrepresentaties moeten worden bewerkt. Een complicerende factor in de behandeling kan verder zijn dat we te maken hebben lastig, ingesleten vermijdingsgedrag (bijv. bij sociale angst) of dat een bepaalde stimulussituatie objectief vervelende kantjes heeft (bijv. bij sommige medische angsten). In deze workshop leren de deelnemers:
- een handige manier om angsten te diagnosticeren en casuïstiek te conceptualiseren in termen van EMDR - te beslissen in welke gevallen EMDR is aangewezen, wanneer een cognitief gedragstherapeutische aanpak (of een combinatie) beter geschikt is en hoe deze behandeling eruit ziet - gericht angsttargets te identificeren en snel tot de juiste NCs en PCs te komen - cliënten voor te bereiden op moeilijke of relatief onveilige stimulussituaties
Het materiaal wordt gepresenteerd aan de hand van videobeelden, demonstraties en oefeningen. De workshop is geschikt voor ervaren en minder ervaren behandelaars, zowel op het terrein van volwassenen als kinderen en jeugd.

EMDR is a validated treatment for psychological trauma but does not require the experience of an unpleasant event for PTSD: fear or phobias are more often the result. In many cases, the treatment of a phobic disorder even more difficult than one PTSD. This is because more memory representations should be modified. A complicating factor in treatment may also be that we are facing difficult ingrained avoidance behavior (e.g. social anxiety) or that a certain objective stimulussituatie nasty lace has (e.g. some medical fears). In this workshop participants learn:
- A convenient way to diagnose anxiety and case studies to conceptualize in terms of EMDR - To decide cases in which EMDR is appropriate when a cognitive behavioral approach (or a combination) is more suitable and how this treatment looks - Terror targets aimed to identify and quickly correct the NCS and PCs to come - Clients to prepare for difficult or relatively unsafe stimulussituaties
The material is presented on the video footage, demonstrations and exercises. The workshop is suitable for experienced and less experienced practitioners, both in the field of adults and children and youth.

Keywords: Anxiety Fears Phobias

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. Haycock, R. D. (2009). Arming commanders to combat PTSD: A time for change – Attacking the stressors vice the symptoms. School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Arming Commanders to Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by COL Robert D. Haycock, US Army, 53 pages. Just as war is not a new phenomenon, neither are the issues associated with the mental and emotional scars combat brings to those who fight a nation’s wars. Historically, the United States has assumed a reactive vice proactive posture as it relates to coping with the fiscal, and humanistic challenges that manifest within a nation at war, and those who experience the trauma of combat. The Army has proven slow to respond to the need to train and educate its leaders and instead has devoted vast capital on the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attacking the symptoms as they arise, vice attacking the stressors which cause the affliction. The invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan and the deployment of forces throughout the world to combat terror, however, have created conditions whereby PTSD is again in the lime-light. This monograph examines PTSD from a historical perspective reviewing the manner in which the Army viewed, assessed, and treated those afflicted with PTSD as well its methods for training and educating those honored with the opportunity to lead these warriors in battle. This monograph highlights existing shortfalls in assessment, training, doctrine, and education as it relates to those commanding at the battalion-level. The Army does not properly prepare battalion commanders for the complexities of coping with PTSD in their units nor arm them with the tactics, techniques, and procedures necessary to mitigate the effects of PTSD on the combat effectiveness of their units and the soldiers that fill the ranks. The Army should implement more rigorous assessment programs for units deployed to identify those at risk of PTSD or demonstrating stress-related symptoms before the mental well-being of the soldier is dramatically affected and treatment becomes more difficult. Further, the Army should review and update existing doctrine and training techniques (Battlemind training) to focus specifically on commanders at the battalion level. The Army must demonstrate a linkage between doctrine, training and education, enhance efforts to consolidate PTSD resources for ease of access, and revise strategic communications procedures to reduce stigmas associated with PTSD. The Army must arm its tactical commanders with the tools to address the stressors associated with PTSD in order to preserve the force and ensure its effectiveness in the ambiguous and complex environment which appears to best characterize the way ahead.

Keywords: Combat Military Monograph Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Fisher, J. (2007, September 29). The body as a shared whole: Somatic interventions for working with trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the Quarterly Meeting Program of The New England Society for the Treatment of Trauma and Dissociation.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
To stabilize overwhelming symptoms, integrate memories, and overcome the terror of intimacy, traumatized clients must establish sufficient safety in the body that they do not continue to recreate the unsafe world of childhood. Otherwise, the “child in the nightmare” from decades ago remains lost in time, demoralized by internal critics and terrified by the threats of hypervigilant internal protectors. Because the body is the container for all past and present experience and for all parts of the self, somatically oriented approaches can address the intense and often baffling reactions of these patients in a way that is both simple and effective. This workshop will demonstrate bodyoriented interventions for working with traumatized and dissociative patients drawn from Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and easily integrated into EMDR, IFS, and traditional talking therapies. Through the use of lecture, videotape, and demonstration, participants will have the opportunity to observe somatically informed solutions to a number of common clinical challenges encountered in trauma treatment. Capitalizing on recent advances in the research on attachment and trauma, the workshop will also provide a context for understanding how to use the therapeutic relationship to provide a safe “container” for both patient and therapist in the challenging work of trauma treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation Somatic Interventions Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Rana, M. (2010, July). Dealing with psychotrauma in war against terror: East meets West through EMDR. Symposium (Samin Karim, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The ‘War on Terror’ on the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan has committed almost two hundred thousand troops on either side with more than five million civilians directly affected by terrorist acts, bombings, blasts, drone attacks, and air strife. Children, women, and men of all ages report to health facilities in hundreds with psycho trauma ranging from acute stress reactions, posttraumatic stress disorders, dissociation, depression, anxiety and Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS). The health professionals with hardly any training in handling of psycho trauma are clueless about how to deal with these cases. A handful of mental health professionals trained by EMDR UK and EMDR Europe experts, through a humanitarian assistance programme are the only trained human resource currently available to deal with these massive numbers of survivors. A strategic placement of this grossly limited number of trained EMDR human resource ( four females, six males), in the war zone has helped scores of soldiers to return to the battlefield, hundreds of children to return to their schools, dozens of families to return to normality and many adults to return to work. The elementary yet devoted and dedicated EMDR services in the war torn regions of Swat, Wazirastan, Kohat and tertiary care services at Rawalpindi are a result of a timely collaboration between EMDR trainers from West providing training in EMDR to psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses and social workers of Pakistan; indeed a fine example of ‘Building Bridges between East & West through EMDR’.

Keywords: Psychotrauma Symposium: Terror War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Staff. (2013, April 5). Dutch court halts extradition of terror suspect to US in therapy dispute. Dutch News. Retrieved from http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2013/04/dutch_court_halts_extradition.php 4/7/2013.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The federal prisons bureau later confirmed K could get treatment, but not the same EMDR therapy as he has been receiving in the Netherlands. According to the US authorities, EMDR is not ‘universally used or accepted’ and not offered in US prisons. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Extradition Qaeda Sabir Khan Terrorist U. S. Prisons

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Quinn, G. (2010, July). Early interventions. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s : EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations.(2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and man made disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.

Keywords: Early Interventions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. Kutz, I., Dekel, R., Schreiber, S., Resnick, V., Dolberg, O. T., Barkai, G., Leor, A., Rapoport, E., & Bloch, M. (2008, November). The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Early diagnosis and intervention in mass casualty events: Since September 2000, Israeli and Palestinian societies suffered great losses. on the Israeli side, civilians of all ages, and ethnic groups, have been exposed to various types of terrorist attacks. This symposium examines issues of diagnosis and interventions

The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes: Purpose: To examine the efficacy of a single session of a modified abridged EMDR protocol in reducing Acute Stress Syndromes (ASS) following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Methods: Treatment was provided, in a general hospital inpatient and out-patient setting to 86 patients with ASS. Friday: 11:00 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. Presenters are underlined and discussants are italicized. If serving in both roles, they are both underlined and italicized. Findings: Fifty percent reported immediate fading of their intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of their distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms, while 23% reported no improvement. Four week and six month follow-up, in the terror victims group only, showed that the immediate responders remained symptom free, while half of the non-responders, who also received subsequent additional interventions modalities, were still symptomatic. Conclusions: The difference in response may be attributed, in part, to the fact that immediate responders tended to have an uncomplicated ASS with fewer risk factors for PTSD, while the non-responders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention in uncomplicated cases and offer a psycho-physiological hypothesis for immediate response. While additional controlled studies are essential, this immediate symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Bombings Israel Palenstine Panel Symposium Terrorists

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. Kutz, I., Resnik, V., & Dekel, R. (2008). The effect of single-session modified EMDR on acute stress syndromes. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 190-200. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.190.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A single session of a modified, abridged EMDR protocol was provided in a general hospital inpatient and outpatient setting to 86 patients with acute stress (AS) syndrome suffering from intrusion distress following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Fifty percent reported immediate fading of intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms and distress, while 23% reported no improvement. Partial and nonresponders were provided with or referred for more comprehensive treatment. At 4-week and 6-month follow-up, the immediate responders in the terror victims group remained symptom free. The immediate responders tended to have uncomplicated AS symptoms with fewer risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while the nonresponders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention on intrusive symptoms in early uncomplicated posttraumatic cases. Although more controlled studies are essential, this immediate method for symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Intrusions Mass Casualty Event MCE Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. Quinn, G. (2012, June). EMDR & acute stress syndrome/EMDR in early intervention - Immediate ERP treatment following trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress and often are likely to develop PTSD. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s: EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within minutes to hours of exposure to trauma. Learning objectives: Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of history-‐ taking and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. A pilot study (in press) will be presented showing effectiveness at possibly preventing PTSD 2 years later compared to “treatment as usual”

Las víctimas del trauma inmediato frecuentemente exhiben “terror silencioso” o estrés extremo y a menudo son susceptibles de desarrollar TEPT. El Procedimiento de Respuesta en Emergencia (ERP), descrito en el Manual de Catástrofes de los Programas de Asistencia Humanitaria (HAP) y en el libro de EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) ha sido desarrollado para lidiar con víctimas de desastres naturales y causados por el hombre a los minutos u horas de haber sido expuesto al trauma. Objetivos de aprendizaje: Los participantes de este taller aprenderán cómo responder a los clientes en los momentos siguientes al trauma, utilizando PRE. Esto se entenderá en el contexto general de los principios de los Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos. Este mismo enfoque básico se puede utilizar en el caso de una abreacción fuerte durante la fase inicial en la que se realiza la historia del paciente y antes de la Fase de Preparación de EMDR o en otras ocasiones durante el tratamiento cuando los pacientes muestran reacciones emocionales fuertes. De manera similar, el tratamiento con PRE puede considerarse también para pacientes que muestran este “terror silencioso” o estrés extremo durante el tratamiento inicial llevado a cabo por los servicios de asistencia en emergencias en la escena del accidente o en las ambulancias de camino a las instalaciones médicas. Un estudio piloto (en prensa) será presentada mostrando la efectividad de la posibilidad de prevenir el TEPT 2 años después comparándolo con “tratamiento habitual.”

Keywords: Acute Stress Syndrome Early Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. Guedalia, J. B., & Yoeli, F. (2009). EMDR emergency room and wards protocol (EMDR-ER). In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 241-250). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The EMDR-Emergency Room and Wards Protocol (EMDR-ER®) was developed by Dr. Judith Guedalia, after being present at more than 26 Mass Casualty Events (MCEs). She and the other members of Shaare Zedek Medical Center's Trauma Team attended to more than 38% of the 1,623 patients injured in Jerusalem terror attacks during the "Second Intifada." The Second Intifada spanned nearly 4 years, lasting from November 2000 until September 2004. The EMDR Emergency Room and Wards Protocol (EMDR-ER) Script is provided. [PsychoINFO]

Keywords: Emergency Room Protocol Wards

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. Quinn, G. (2011, June). EMDR emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s: EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Learning objectives: Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.

Keywords: Acute Trauma Emergency Treatment Man-Made Disasters Natural Disaasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. Farrell, D., Tareen, S., & Keenan, P. (2008, November). EMDR HAP training in Pakistan in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake and the ‘War on terror’. Presentation at the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
On Saturday 8th October 2005, a devastating earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale struck northern Pakistan. The magnitude of the earthquake wiped out entire villages and communities, destroyed 400,000 houses and created over 73,000 fatalities and 135,000 people injured. EMDR UK & Ireland, EMDR Europe, the British/ Pakistani Psychiatric Association & the University of Birmingham supported an eighteen month Humanitarian Assistance Programme to help train forty-nine mental health workers, mainly psychiatrists and psychologists from the earthquake affected areas, in the theory and practice of EMDR in the management of psychological trauma. This programme was one of the first University based HAP trainings in EMDR ever to be undertaken. This paper will provide an insight into the development and progression of the trainings in light of the ongoing political problems in Pakistan both in terms of post earthquake reconstruction and the continued threat of terrorist attacks throughout Pakistan. It will also consider cultural perspectives of trauma and how this related to both EMDR and the conceptual framework of PTSD. The paper will also highlight some of the psychometric data acquired from survivors from the earthquake areas and demonstrate the ways in which EMDR is being utilised as a psychological treatment intervention in Northern Pakistan.

Keywords: Earthquake HAP Pakistan

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. Farrell, D. (2008, November). EMDR HAP training in Pakistan in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake and the ‘war on terror’. Symposium conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Earthquake HAP Pakistan Symposium Terror

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. Quinn, G. (2013, June). EMDR immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma.
Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities.
Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war.
In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, and modified by Elan Shapio and Brurit Laub in R-TEP will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment.
A practicum will follow on ERP.
Learning objectives: Within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid, to learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma utilizing ERP; To apply ERP in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions; To learn when and how to use ERP for patients exhibiting “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in an ambulance en route to medical facilities; How to utilize the Recent Events Protocol in the face of ongoing danger; To understand EMDR methods that may be used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment

Keywords: Disaster Emergency Response Procedure ERP Extreme Stress Silent Terror

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. Gambuzza, C. A. (2010, June). EMDR in complex trauma of perinatal disorder and abuse. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper reports a case of PN-PTSD (Perinatal Disorder), this being a disorder that is not frequently diagnoses and not classified in DSM-IV, where a technical variation of floatback, i. e., floatback-floatforward on timeline successfully overcame the posttraumatic amnesia, optimized access to the dissociated parts of the Self, and integrated the Internal Family System with EMDR and Ego State Therapy. The sixteen year old patient, S, sniffed heron and practised self mutilation. After two years' therapy the family secret was revealed in a dream and led us towards the abuse. I adopted the theoretical reference models on dissociation reported by M. Steinberg, B. A. van der Kolk, 0. van der Hart, and C. McFarlane's operative EMDR model and Ego State Therapy. The aim of the therapy was to rebuild integrity of the Self and to foster individualization- separation processes. The main goal was create a sense of loyalty during therapy that would allow S to be able to control in transitions in her dissociated mental states. Negotiation between the ego states were created so that S could face the states of terror and anxiety and gradually become integrated. Alter had different names and distinctively different preferences and personality traits, at times those alter took complete executive control of the body and of the self. Initially the alter has names outside the Self, then during the course of therapy their names began with '5'. The dissociated alters have become targets far EMDR. The story of S, revolves round two traumas: PN-PTSD and abuse. Perinatal trauma and uterine perception of her mother's depressive emotional states triggered difficulties in the child latching on to the mother's breast, and the lack of mirroring and affective syntonization caused the failure of internalization processes that lead to identity. 5 was aware of the trauma of abandonment, but not of the trauma of abuse that she defined as 'a deep impenetrable hole'. In order to address the life-threatening trauma. S used an invasive ego-dystonic coping mechanism: dissociation of the object and the Self. By placing the abuse in an alter, S could still feel attached to her family members that abused her, actively or passively using silence. While the DES scale did not provide significant dissociation results, the SCID-LIST furnished high values. The self-mutilation practised by S may represent her hate of her body that did not rebel to the abuse it was subjected to, or, as she said it may represent "a way to punish herself for the guilt of existing or to inflict upon herself physical pain to conceal the anxiety of death". EMDR was a challenge; it reached the preverbal states of the arena of the primary process, it bound with emotions and led her to symbolization, t resolved the traumatic matter that was frozen In the neural networks and determined Self- integration. The Ego States Therapy was a useful tool.

Keywords: Perinatal Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. Silver, S. (2012, October). EMDR in the military: Trauma, attachment and families. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop provides participants with information on the unique nature of military service, including sources of stress and trauma not commonly found in the civilian sector. The current operational environment of the Global War on Terror as well as experiences and issues of veterans of other eras are covered. Military-based trauma can be complex and therapeutic approaches often need to take this into account as well as the value systems of military personnel. While EMDR is highly effective with service members, “fine tuning” of the protocol is often useful. Family problems in attachment are addressed.

Keywords: Attachment Families, Military Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. Silver, S. M., & Rogers, S. (2007, September). EMDR on the firing line: Working with war and terrorism survivors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A great deal of the history of EMDR involves its use with war and terrorism survivors. In recent years, that use has included the newest generation of American veterans from the War on Terror. In the face of steadily increasing numbers of people with trauma reactions, many therapists are reporting that they are seeing more veterans seeking help outside the traditional venues, such as the Veterans Administration. This presentation will focus on what has been learned, why it is important for clinicians to be aware of the needs of this population, and the sometimes unique demands such work places on clinicians.

Keywords: Survivors Terrorism War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. Maxfield, L. (2008). EMDR treatment of recent events and community disasters. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 74-78. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.74.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This special issue on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of recent events and community disasters gathers information on the application of EMDR in situations of extreme chaos, disaster, violence, and war. The authors provide a global perspective, writing from Israel, Palestine, the United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, the United States, Italy, and Mexico. They describe the effectiveness and utility of EMDR in treating severe distress subsequent to experiences of overwhelming terror, loss, and despair. This is a vital topic, suggesting the possibility of reducing exceptional emotional disturbance, helping restore function and stability to individuals and communities. The reports from these authors are encouraging and hopeful, stimulating thought and suggesting direction and guidance for future research. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Community Disasters Recent Events Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. Morris-Smith, J. (2001, May). EMDR with children exposed to chronic abuse and domestic violence. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper aims to discuss some of the issues of working using EMDR, as a part of the integrated treatment process of children, who have been exposed to chronic abuse and domestic violence. These children are all in the care system and are living with foster parents who know very little about their previous lives. Often the professionals caring for them also have little of the child's history and many details of what they have been exposed to are not known. The children are frequently detached, dissociated and shut down from their past experiences, though their traumatised behaviours continue to blight and dominate their entire lives and present major difficulties in their daily management and future planning. Their emotional and social development appears to be arrested by their chronic multiple traumatisation. They are also kept in transitional placements for long periods of time, whilst their long-term needs are assessed. There is a struggle to identify appropriate long-term placements for such damaged children as their severe multiple traumatisation prevents them from being able to trust or begin to form new attachments or even to develop a sense of safety. There is a nee for early intervention to treat their severely traumatised symptoms and memories, to help rid them of their overwhelming terror and fears of the adult world and to free them to begin to form healthier more appropriate behaviours and attachments. How using EMDR to enable these children to develop and progress emotionally and socially towards a more positive future is described.

Keywords: Children Chronic Abuse, Domestic Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. Quinn, G. (2013, May). EMDR: Immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Disasters Emergency Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. Quinn, G., & Zucker, D. (2008, June). Emergency EMDR & ERP (Emergency Response Procedure): Treatment following natural man made disasters for victims experiencing immediate high stress and including the period of ASD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is believed that PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated early. Although usually used at a later time, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) Disaster Manual, was developed to deal with victims of natural and man made disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to these clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing Debriefing and ERP. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors of the earthquake in Turkey and the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war in Israel. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented and followed by a practicum. [There are 2 PDF files.]

Keywords: Emergency Response Procedure ERP

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. Quinn, G. (2007, June). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established theory for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) Disaster Manual and developed to deal with victims of terror within hours of exposure to trauma, will be discussed and taught. Participants will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma utilizing Debriefing and ERP. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and PTSD with survivors of the earthquake in Turkey and the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror in Jerusalem and those in bomb shelters during the last Lebanon war. In this presentation, the Recent Events Protocol will be reexamined with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. The EMDR Group Protocol, used with large numbers of disaster victims needing simultaneous treatment, will be presented and followed by a practicum.

Keywords: Emergency EMDR Man-Made Disasters Natural Disasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. Quinn, G. (2009). Emergency response procedure. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 271-276). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was initially developed to help victims within hours of a terrorist attack, but can be applied in the immediate aftermath of any trauma. Patients may present with "silent terror," shaking and inability to speak, or if they are verbal, often they are in a highly agitated state. The procedure has been used in the emergency room and during hospitalization. It is also appropriate for immediate intervention at the scene of critical incidents such as car accidents, earthquakes, natural or man-made disasters, and in ambulances. While taking an initial history, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR, ERP can be put into effect if patients suddenly abreact. This procedure presumes familiarity with the Standard EMDR Protocol of which it is an adaptation. Clinicians highly experienced in dealing with patients immediately after a traumatic event—who are not familiar with EMDR—will still benefit from this report. Note: This procedure has not received official sanctioning from the EMDR Institute and has not been validated by research. This procedure can only be considered after all medical needs have been evaluated or treated. The Emergency Response Procedure Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: Emergency Response Procedure Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. Griffith, H. (2009, July). Evoking the embodied image with EMDR: Jung in the age of the brain. Presentation at the International Association for Jungian Studies Conference, Wales, Scotland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A new paradigm for understanding psychopathology is emerging out of the convergence of research in formerly disparate domains such as neurobiology, attachment theory, and the effects of trauma. At the same time, unorthodox treatment modalities such as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and the Energy therapies are beginning to gain favour in mainstream psychotherapy, not only because they seem to be supported by findings in fields such as neurobiology, but because they are so effective. As Jungians, I believe that our challenge is to revisit our work in the light of these latest scientific discoveries. In this paper, I first outline what brain imaging techniques are revealing about the importance of the dance between mother and infant in the actual hard-wiring of the babys developing brain. I then focus on trauma research, which shows how the release of stress induced hormones can result in the disorganization of the brain and the consequent shut down of integrative neuronal pathways. If we bring these two streams of research together we can see how early trauma within the parent infant bond, in which there is no adequate container to prevent the baby from falling into unbearable anxiety and terror, can initiate the hard-wiring of dysfunctional attitudes and behaviours that become reinforced throughout the childs development. I then briefly describe the EMDR protocol, which is proving to be a very effective technique in helping adult patients work through some of these dysfunctional patterns internalized in that very early parental dyad. This protocol uses a bilateral stimulation of the brain to engage a wider network of neuronal pathways to help process the painful psychological material, or complex, with which the patient is struggling. Facilitating a successful EMDR session is a little like witnessing a spontaneous active imagination as the patient weaves together the threads of a multitude of images, sensations, emotions, and cognitions into the fabric of a fuller, more nuanced, healing story of the self. The purpose of my paper is to demonstrate how these recent theoretical insights and treatment protocols can illuminate and enhance a Jungian approach to conducting psychotherapy. What I find remarkable is the compatibility between much of the contemporary research on the brain and many of Jungs ideas about the psyche. In this paper, however, I focus primarily on what we can learn about the complex. Drawing on numerous examples from case histories, I illustrate the effectiveness of the EMDR protocol in evoking the affect and embodied image at the core of the complex. I also demonstrate how the bilateral stimulation of the brain not only helps facilitate change but also, through the material which is engendered, gives us a window into how the complex was constructed in the first place.

Keywords: Brain Jung

Accuracy Verified: No

26. Catherall, D. R. (2003, June). How fear differs from anxiety. Traumatology, 9(2), 76-92. doi:10.1177/153476560300900202.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Animal models conceptualize anxiety as a response to potential danger while fear is a response to present danger. The way humans experience anxiety involves our capacity for higher thinking while the human experience of fear appears to be much the same as the animal model. This article examines these differences at both a phenomenological and neurological level and highlights implications for the treatment of conditioned fear in PTSD. The stimuli for human fear are sensory-perceptual, while the stimuli for most forms of anxiety are conceptual-linguistic. Individuals in a state of fear/terror undergo a radical shift from top-down to bottom-up processing in which access to conceptual-linguistic thought processes is severely restricted and the frontal regions of the cortex are no longer able to override impulses from brain stem and midbrain regions. Conditioned fear involves actual neurological changes in the limbic system. To overcome a traumatic memory, the individual must (1) gain some level of access to the bottom-up state in order to habituate or extinguish the conditioned fear response, and (2) also achieve access to the top-down state in order to process the fear. ]Sage Journals]

Keywords: Anxiety Fear Cognitive Neuroscience Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. Korn, D. (1995, June). Integrative and strategic utilization of EMDR in treating survivors of sexual abuse. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will focus on integrating EMDR into an overall treatment plan and utilizing EMDR in conjunction with other cognitive behavioral approaches. Strategic utilization of EMDR to move clients through the various stages of recovery will be discussed. 1) In the first stage of treatment, safety, stabilization, coping, and development of a strong therapeutic relationship are emphasized. Treatment focuses on decreasing (1) suicidal and parasuicidal behavior, (2) treatment - interfering behavior, and (3) quality-of-life-interfering behavior (Linehan, 1993). Efforts are made to assist the client in developing a repertoire of cognitive-behavioral coping skills; relevant skills address grounding, trigger awareness, basic self - care, mindfullness, distress tolerance, affect regulation, assertiveness, relaxation, self - monitoring, stress inoculation, and cognitive restructuring. At this stage, EMDR can be used to shift negative cognitions which interfere with commitment to treatment, skill development, and the restoration of hope. The following are examples of negative cognitions whlch interfere with first stage stabilization goals: - I will only get acknowledgment of my pain if I act out. - I don't deserve to feel better. - If I take care of myself, no one will know I hurt. - I'm pathetic, a failure. - I will die/go crazy fiom these feelings. - I can never do anything right. - I can't stand this feeling. I must cut myself. - Don't trust anyone or anything. Newly learned information about coping can be reinforced and further integrated in the course of an EMDR session. Clients can be encouraged to notice their ability to tolerate affect and to practice their assertiveness skills, grounding skills, mindfulness skills, etc. 2) In the second stage of treatment, the focus is on processing traumatic memories and decreasing behaviors related to post-traumatic stress. EMDR interventions can be designed to assist clients with specific recovery tasks or issues: - fear/terror and associated avoidance - sense of powerlessnesshelplessness - responsibility/accountability - safety - self, others, environment - self-esteem/self as bad, defective, unlovable - lack of individuation - dependency - anger - grief/mouming - trust/mistrust - fear of abandonment - guilt/self-blame - shame/self-loathing With regard to each of these issues, maladaptive schemas can be addressed via effective cognitive interweave strategies. Ideas for supplementing EMDR work with written assignments, imagery exercises, recovery rituals, and planned in vivo exposure will be discussed. Strategies for handling possible problems, obstacles, or resistance at this stage will also be noted. Finally, the role of ongoing assessment and data collection in making decisions about EMDR targets will be addressed. 3) In the third stage of treatment, the emphasis is on personal development and increased connection with others. Recovery tasks and issues addressed via EMDR include: - Increasing intimacy and healthy connections - Increasing self-esteem - Increasing self-efficacy and sense of mastery - Reclaiming sexuality - Increasing self-efficacy and sense of mastery - Identity exploration and development - Establishing goals, initiating new projects, and taking reasonable risks At this stage, EMDR can be useful in detecting remnants of shame, fear, etc. In addition, EMDR can be used to reduce anxiety and increase confidence as a client sets his/her sights on the future and prepares to face new and challenging situations. EMDR can aid in the generalization of skills and adaptive schemas across time and place. It can facilitate the integration of a new, more positive and vital self-image. The presentation will conclude with a videotape case presentation highlighting relevant recovery tasks and issues in applying EMDR at a specific stage of treatment.

Keywords: Sexual Abuse Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. Bruno, T. (2006, Maggio). Le emozioni dei terapeuti nel lavoro con persone vittime di traumi interpersonali [The emotions of therapists working with victims of interpersonal trauma]. Presentazione alla Conferenza Nazionale, Associazione per l'EMDR in Italia, Firenza, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Quando ascoltiamo storie di devastazione, terrore, impotenza e di tradimento della fiducia, come naturale conseguenza, le nostre sicurezze più profonde possono essere messe in crisi. Applicando l’EMDR, a volte, possiamo essere messi di fronte alla “realtà del trauma” inaspettatamente, senza parole: il/la paziente “torna là” rivive l’esperienza col corpo e noi assistiamo e “viviamo il suo trauma”. Le emozioni (paura, schifo, terrore, rabbia, senso di paralisi ecc.) possono irrompere nello spazio sicuro della stanza di terapia e sfidare il nostro senso di “invulnerabilità” e prevedibilità. Rispetto all’impatto del materiale traumatico sul terapeuta quando si trova come testimone di eventi terribili e delle loro conseguenze ci possono essere risposte quali senso di paralisi, paura, desideri sadici e di vendetta, fino a “violazioni del setting”. Nel lavoro sul trauma possiamo agire in un continuum che va da risposte di evitamento con sentimenti di rifiuto e rabbia verso risposte di iper identificazione con la vittima. Esiste un rapporto circolare fra aspetti controtransferali e traumatizzazione secondaria negli operatori. Possono emergere problemi esistenziali e spirituali, sentimenti aggressivi e di giudizio, orrore, rabbia, senso di vulnerabilità, dolore-pena e sintomi classici del Disturbo da Stress Post Traumatico. La conoscenza, la consapevolezza e la gestione di questo processo all’interno della relazione terapeutica è fondante rispetto alla riparazione del danno nelle vittime e alla salute mentale dei terapeuti. Nel corso della presentazione ci sarà una focalizzazione sugli aspetti del ciclo del controtranfert e della traumatizzazione secondaria nel terapeuta e si forniranno elementi di protezione per i terapeuti.

When we hear stories of devastation, terror, helplessness and betrayal of trust, as a natural result, our securities may be made deeper into crisis. Applying EMDR, sometimes, we may be confronted with the "reality of trauma" unexpectedly, without words, it/the patient "back there" relive the experience with the body and we are seeing and "live her trauma." Emotions (fear, disgust, fear, anger, sense of paralysis, etc.) can break into the safe space of the therapy room and challenge our sense of "invulnerability" and predictability. Compared to the impact of traumatic material when the therapist is as a witness to terrible events and their consequences there may be responses such as sense of paralysis, fear, desires and sadistic revenge, to "violations of the setting." In work on trauma, we can act on a continuum ranging from avoidance responses with feelings of rejection and anger responses of hyper identification with the victim. There is a circular relationship between trauma and countertransference issues in the secondary players. Existential and spiritual problems can arise, aggressive feelings and judgments, horror, anger, sense of vulnerability, pain and pain-classic symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Knowledge, awareness and management of this process within the relationship Therapeutic compliance is fundamental to repairing the damage in the victims and mental health therapists. During the presentation there will be a focus on aspects of the cycle controtranfert and secondary traumatization in the therapist and will give protection elements for therapists.

Keywords: Interpersonal Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. Habib, M. F. B. (1998, December 14). Moving eyes can heal you. London, Independent: The Independent.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
On April 19, 1995 in Oklahoma city at 9.02 am, a car bomb exploded at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. At that moment Linda was dressing in her living room a block away and the blast made her unconscious. Getting back her consciousness after a few minutes, Linda was able to come out of the bomb blast-affected building with difficulty. She was numb with terror. She received hundreds of tiny cuts; yet a doctor certified that she was okay. But actually she was not. She could not function independently. She forgot to perform her simple but essential daily chores. She started to lose four pounds a week in weight. Screaming, crying, scaring became the daily routine during her sleep. She even forgot how to work. Two months later her boss took her to a mental health clinic and the doctor there wanted to admit her to the hospital. She opposed the idea as she was brought up in an orphanage and she strongly disliked such institutions. The doctor then advised them to go to the EMDR free clinic. Linda was brought to the clinic and there a miracle happened. After her first EMDR treatment, Linda's nightmare came to a stop. During the second week she was able to return to her work, and after the third session she was back to her normal life. A year later Linda described her first experience of EMDR as "the weirdest thing I had ever experienced with the exception of the bomb."

Keywords: General Oklahoma City Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

30. Ansorge, R. (1999, April 6). New therapy may help traumatized children. Colorado Springs, CO: Gazette, Lifestyle, 1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The therapy they used was EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing. During an EMDR session, therapists have patients recall the traumatic event. Then they rapidly wave their fingers back and forth in front of the patients' faces. EMDR proponents believe the finger-waving stimulates right-brain, left-brain activity, enabling patients to process memories of traumatic events and alleviate associated emotions of rage, terror and depression.

Keywords: Bob Tinker Children Colorado Springs Sandra Wilson Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Staff. (2000). Phobia: When an irrational fear takes control. Films for the Humanities & Sciences, Princeton, NJ.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
For a person with a phobia, overcoming the fear--or at least learning how to resist its debilitating effects--can open the door to a fuller, freer life. This riveting two-part series uses MRI scans, body imaging, EEG tracing, and thermal photography to take an unflinching look at the biological and psychological mechanics of terror, as courageous patients seek to master their fears through medication, behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, desensitization, virtual reality exposure therapy, the controversial technique of flooding, and a new treatment called EMDR.

Keywords: Fear Phobias Psychosocial Factors Treatment

Accuracy Verified: No

32. Bondy, N., & Cable, S. (2001). Phobias. Princeton, N.J.: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract: (Producer) In this program, the treatment of John's claustrophobia, Judith's fear of flying and David's fear of heights-phobias described by the DSM-IV as Situational Type and Natural Environmental Type-are documented. Groundbreaking applications of virtual reality, by Emory University's Barbara Rothbaum, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, by clinical psychologist Carl Nickeson, are profiled. The research of Jeffrey Gray, of the Institute of Psychiatry (London), into blood flow in the brain during moments of stress, panic, and terror is also examined.

Keywords: Phobias

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Bleich, A., Kotler, M., Kutz, E., & Shaley, A. (2002). A position paper of the (Israeli) National Council for Mental Health: Guidelines for the assessment and professional intervention with terror victims in the hospital and in the community. Jerusalem, Israel: Israeli National Council for Mental Health.

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
EMDR is one of only three methods recommended for treatment of terror victims.

Keywords: Israel Treatment Guidelines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. Neubauer, I. (2005, May 7-8). Searching for answers: The cousin of a US national killed by the Khmer Rouge seeks closure in Cambodia. The Cambodian Daily. Retreived from http://www.camnet.com.kh/cambodia.daily/selected_features/cd-07-05-05.htm on September 22, 2011.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Discouraged with conventional psychiatry, Bittner sought a practitioner of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. The process is "the most effective and rapid method for treating post-traumatic stress disorder and has been used extensively to treat survivor's of the Sept 11, 2001, terror attacks in the US," according to BioLateral.com, an EMDR Web Site. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Cambodia Don Bittner Drug Trade Khmer Rouge Lance McNamara Torture

Accuracy Verified: No

35. Forrest, M. S. (1995, June). Self-soothing and the multiple trauma survivor. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Remember the joke about the doctor who says, "The operation was a success, but the patient died"? That's how some clients feel about EMDR. They succeed in accessing deep and important material, but find themselves extremely depressed and/or anxious in the days afterward. For these clients, who are often survivors of multiple trauma such as long-tenn child abuse or incest, the ability to self-soothe (both during and after an EMDR session) makes the difference between whether they regard EMDR as a useful tool or a necessary evil. To find out what self-control techniques work best for such clients, I interviewed EMDR clients (all women) who had experienced long-term sexual abuse in childhood. The first thing I learned was that for survivors of multiple trauma, the ability to feel safe starts long before EMDR is ever used. Many women cited their relationship with their therapist as the foundation of their feeling safe with EMDR: "I trust my therapist absolutely." One client's therapist told her he had used EMDR himself: "That made a huge difference to me," she said. Other advance work included planning and taking preventative measures. Planning means picking the right time (and pace) for doing EMDR: being sure the therapist and/or other support people will be available in the days after the session; not driving or going back to work afterward (if possible); being able to have plenty of alone time; and going slowly, doing EMDR in small increments. "I didn't expect myself to go out in the world and be social afterward. I was pretty raw for a few days, sometimes for a whole week," B. told me. Planning also means taking preventive measures, such as teaching the client how to find "a safe place." Most clinicians know the importance of this, but one of the women I interviewed was emphatic that creating a safe place was very different from being able to go to it when she was in a session and reliving the experience of being a three-year-old overwhelmed by extreme grief or terror. She said she needed a lot of practice accessing her safe place and some special interventions (see below) to get through the intense times. Being able to self-soothe between sets of eye movements was very difficult for most clients. "I cry all the time we do it," S. told me. "I have to sit near the door and not have my therapist sit too close," said M. Another woman said, "We do the eye movements for a few seconds and we talk in between."One successful intervention, especially for clients overwhelmed by the intensity of their feelings, involved the therapist asking his client to listen to the sound of his breathing and to breathe along with him. Another clinician has his client when she gets extremely upset ask her "inner guide or "higher power" whether it's "okay to continue;" a third asks, "Is there more underneath or is it time to wind down?" Letting the client control the pace and progress of his/her own processing can be an important way to teach self-trust -- especially to people for whom loss of power was endemic to their abuse. Some clients are able to repeat special phrases or afirmations over and over between sets to calm themselves. L., a ritual abuse survivor, said she grounds herself by silently reciting a mindfulness verse from Zen master Thich Naht Hanh in time with her inbreath and out-breath: "In, out. Deep, slow, Calm, ease. Smile, release. In, out. Deep, slow ...... Different kinds of self-soothing techniques work best after the eye-movement sets are completed. Immediately afterwards, while still in session, one client said she falls asleep for a few minutes -- she finds this a big help in countering the dissociated state in which she typically concludes an EMDR session. Another said she and her therapist share a cup of tea and talk over what happened as a way to "come down" and normalize the experience. Some clinicians close a session by doing eye movements to reinforce the client's safe place. One woman said her therapist has her "cement the present in place" by doing eye movements on either a present-day image, an image of her inner child in the safe place, or a positive statement. Francine Shapiro has often said that what happens after the EMDR session can be as important as what happens during it. The women I interviewed felt exactly the same way. They had learned the necessity of talung exquisitely good care of themselves in the hours and days that follow. "I take time-and time out," declared B., who often has a delayed fear reaction following EMDR. Most clients said they go home and either curl up in bed or in a favorite rocking chair with their stuffed animals. They cry, sleep, write in their journals, draw pictures, listen to music, look at favorite photographs, and/or call a support person. M. uses self-talk to ease her feelings: "I say to myself, 'You know that knot of fear. I know it's only fear. I know that nothing is going to hurt me right now'." For others, going home immediately is not the best option: D. takes a walk along the shores of Long Island Sound; C., the mother of three young children, finds solace in a favorite bookstore. Sometimes all the planning in the world doesn't help: the abreaction seems to launch the client back to the age she was when she was abused - and she simply can't remember how to calm herself. To counter this, several clients said they carry a list of things they can do to quiet themselves. S. finds reading mystery stories comforting("At the end you always find out what really happened."), but has to keep two of them on her bedside table at all times: "If they're not in full view, I forget about using them." One interesting example of "assigned" self-soothing was given by a ritual abuse survivor who was new to EMDR. After a session when a lot of memories came up about how her sexuality was used and degraded during the abuse, her therapist gave her very specific instructions on how to care for herself, including buying a romantic nightgown and soaking in bath salts for 45 minutes; listening to romantic music; and not touching or kissing her partner for 48 hours. "It worked out great!" she told me happily. "I felt SO pretty and so safe." The conclusion I reached about how multiple-trauma survivors learn to self-soothe in the face of the intense feelings EMDR can trigger is not revolutionary. The recipe is: Step 1. Plan for the worst. Step 2. Let the client select the self-soothing techniques that specifically fit for her or him. Step 3. Make sure s/he is able to use these techniques no matter how intense his/her emotions are. Sometimes this will call for the therapist to take an active role by either leading the client in specific calming techniques or by assigning very clear-cut homework. If the recipe calls for planning and practicing, then the pot in which the ingredients are cooked is labeled "TRUST"-trust before initiating EMDR, trust during the eye movements, and trust after the sets are completed. Unless the client deeply trusts the clinician, the method itself, and his or her own capacity to go into the feelings and me out safely, the recipe for success with EMDR can turn into a recipe for disaster.

Keywords: Survivor Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. Bates, B. (2003, August). Sensory-based PTSD therapy may prove more calming than words. Clinical Psychiatry News, 31(8), 53.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Vancouver, BC — Terror registers most sharply in the subcortical brain, not the prefrontal cortex, explaining why talk-based therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder often have limited success, Dr. Bessel van der Kolk said at a meeting on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder sponsored by Vancouver General Hospital. [Elsevier]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. Knipe, J. (1999, June). Strengthening affect tolerance and adult perspective through construction of imagined dissociative avoidance. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(2), 10, 25.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Some clients, because of very difficult life experience, have low affect tolerance; that is, they are unable to endure, even briefly, their own intensely disturbing post-traumatic images and affect. For these clients, the therapeutic benefits of EMDR are blocked because of an automatic response of overwhelming terror or disorientation, often accompanied by a loss of objectivity or adult perspective. For these individuals, the experience is not so much one of remembering, but of emotionally reliving their trauma. Understandably, when this occurs, the client may being to “numb out,” dissociate, or consciously avoid thinking of the material.

Keywords: Affect Tolerance Dissociative Avoidance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. Ansorge, R. (1997, April 22). Taming the terror: Local therapists seek to ease children’s fears with a relatively new – and controversial - technique. Colorado Springs, CO: Gazette, Lifestyle, 1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The Tibbetts (not their real name) credit EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing - a relatively new technique used on adults to defuse memories of traumatic events ranging from surgery and car accidents to combat and rape.

Keywords: Children Colorado Springs General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. Nugent, N. R. (2000). Terror management and the mechanism of suppression elicited by eye movements: A new model for understanding the efficacy of EMDR. University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. AAT 3262572.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: Psychological Aspects

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Kaplan, S. (1998, September). Thoughts on EMDR and Arundhati Roy’s novel, The God of small things. EMDRIA Newsletter, 3(3), 28-30.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
I want to bring Arundhati Roy’s remarkable, new novel, The God of Small Things, to the attention of psychotherapists, especially EMDR therapists, as we work with people in pain and suffering from serious psychological trauma. Almost every character in the book, like many of our clients, has been traumatized y death, loss, rejection, sexual abuse gender or caste exploitation, abandonment, violence, deceit, betrayal, inappropriate blaming, shame, rage, guilt, lack of validation, humiliation, fear, and/or terror.

Keywords: Arundhati Roy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Films for the Humanities (Firm). (2000). Treating phobias 1. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
In this program, the treatment of John's claustrophobia, Judith's fear of flying, and David's fear of heights--phobias described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) as Situational Type and Natural Environment Type--are documented. Applications of virtual reality, by Emory University's Barbara Rothbaum, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, by clinical psychologist Carl Nickeson, are profiled. The research of Jeffrey Gray, of the Institute of Psychiatry (London), into blood flow in the brain during moments of stress, panic, and terror is also examined. This program is part of the series "Phobia: When an Irrational Fear Takes Control." This two-part series uses MRI scans, body imaging, EEG tracing, and thermal photography to take an unflinching look at the biological and psychological mechanics of terror, as courageous patients seek to master their fears through various forms of treatment.

Keywords: Behavior Therapy Phobias

Accuracy Verified: No

42. Thomson, J., & Bondy, N. (2000). Treating phobias: Desensitization, virtual reality exposure therapy, and EMDR. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
In this program, the treatment of John’s claustrophobia, Judith’s fear of flying, and David’s fear of heights—phobias described by the DSM-IV as Situational Type and Natural Environment Type—are documented. Groundbreaking applications of virtual reality, by Emory University’s Barbara Rothbaum, and EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), by clinical psychologist Carl Nickeson, are profiled. The research of Jeffrey Gray, of the Institute of Psychiatry (London), into blood flow in the brain during moments of stress, panic and terror is also examined.

Keywords: Phobias Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Accuracy Verified: No

43. Bar-Sade, S. (2008, June). Under the shadow - Fostering children’s resilience and coping strategies in an ongoing crisis situation. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consistent findings on the adverse psychological effects of war and terror on children have led to a recognized need for suitable early intervention in the immediate, midterm and post term, of mass crisis situation. This presentation will try to overview the clinical and empirically supported interventions operating in the last two years in Israel, with children and families living in a constant threat of bombardment and shelling of populated areas on both sides. This presentation will focus on the war related stress reactions of young Israeli children exposed to these experiences and present some creative interventions done to foster resilience and coping, as well as the treatment of PTSD reactions. It was estimated that during this war, 4,000 Katyusha rockets and missiles hit the northern parts of Israel. More then 1 million people were at the danger zone for a potential direct hit. More then 500,000 Israelis relocated during the war to live in safer areas out of the range of the rockets. The children in the war zones experienced sounds of sirens' explosions and sound of artillery. They spent considerable time in bomb shelters and were exposed to sights (directly or through the media of damaged houses and casualties). This situation continues now in the southern part of the country along the Gaza Strip were children on both sides live under the daily reality of bombardment, casualties and death. Many programs and individual treatments were and are still operating as the professionals are trying to meet the needs of communities and individuals under this chronic ongoing stress situation. A community project is operating in the southern part of the country, where mothers and toddlers as well as the staff members of the kindergartens, are being supported by dyadic trauma focused play therapy and enrolled in stress managements programs. Findings on the interrelation between the degree of the parent's PTSD on the child's aversive symptomology,and the follow up of dyadic treatment data, will be presented. Another program the "Huggy Puppy", exemplifies the implementation of a developmental appropriate intervention with children in the midst of the crisis, and the effects of building a sense of self efficacy and relatedness. This will be illustrated in the study done by Prof. Avi Sadhe from Tel Aviv University on the effects of the "Huggy Puppy". The use of the modified EMDR Group Protocol for children during the war and the efficacy of the EMDR individual treatment in the post war situation as compared to CBT and SE FAR will be examined in the research done by Dr. Moshe Farchi of the Tel Chai College. These diverse interventions and treatments represent the wide range of theoretical and practical thinking which are necessary in order to create a comprehensive holistic model which will serve as a guideline for interventions with children in crisis.

Keywords: Children Crisis Keynote Resilience

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Kutz, I. (2007, June). The use of single session EMDR protocol in acute stress syndromes (ASS). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The workshop provides novel concepts regarding the nature of Acute Stress Syndromes following research in Israel. The use of a single session, modified protocol for EMDR in ASS is described, following terror attacks, motor vehicle accidents, and the war with Lebanon. The following themes will be covered in the workshop.
Part one: Novel approaches to Acute Stress Syndromes – Redefining the time axis of SS; the diagnosis of Immediate; Acute Stress Reaction (ASR) and Prediction of Risk Vulnerability: A novel assessment tool; a review of Acute Post Traumatic Stress Syndromes and how they differ from chronic PTSD; the characteristics of intrusive phenomena in ASS; and a phase oriented intervention model for ASS.
Part Two: EMDR in ASS – A brief review regarding the nature of EMDR and PTSD; the modified brief EMDR Protocol; the use of a single session EMDR in ASS – in a GH practice, during terror attacks and following war situations; clinical demonstrations of a single session EMDR in ASS patients (video movies); indications, advantages and precautions using the single session EMDR intervention; and possible psycho-physiological mechanisms.

Keywords: Acute Stress Syndrome Early Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes