Francine Shapiro Library

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1. Haycock, R. D. (2009). Arming commanders to combat PTSD: A time for change – Attacking the stressors vice the symptoms. School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Arming Commanders to Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by COL Robert D. Haycock, US Army, 53 pages. Just as war is not a new phenomenon, neither are the issues associated with the mental and emotional scars combat brings to those who fight a nation’s wars. Historically, the United States has assumed a reactive vice proactive posture as it relates to coping with the fiscal, and humanistic challenges that manifest within a nation at war, and those who experience the trauma of combat. The Army has proven slow to respond to the need to train and educate its leaders and instead has devoted vast capital on the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attacking the symptoms as they arise, vice attacking the stressors which cause the affliction. The invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan and the deployment of forces throughout the world to combat terror, however, have created conditions whereby PTSD is again in the lime-light. This monograph examines PTSD from a historical perspective reviewing the manner in which the Army viewed, assessed, and treated those afflicted with PTSD as well its methods for training and educating those honored with the opportunity to lead these warriors in battle. This monograph highlights existing shortfalls in assessment, training, doctrine, and education as it relates to those commanding at the battalion-level. The Army does not properly prepare battalion commanders for the complexities of coping with PTSD in their units nor arm them with the tactics, techniques, and procedures necessary to mitigate the effects of PTSD on the combat effectiveness of their units and the soldiers that fill the ranks. The Army should implement more rigorous assessment programs for units deployed to identify those at risk of PTSD or demonstrating stress-related symptoms before the mental well-being of the soldier is dramatically affected and treatment becomes more difficult. Further, the Army should review and update existing doctrine and training techniques (Battlemind training) to focus specifically on commanders at the battalion level. The Army must demonstrate a linkage between doctrine, training and education, enhance efforts to consolidate PTSD resources for ease of access, and revise strategic communications procedures to reduce stigmas associated with PTSD. The Army must arm its tactical commanders with the tools to address the stressors associated with PTSD in order to preserve the force and ensure its effectiveness in the ambiguous and complex environment which appears to best characterize the way ahead.

Keywords: Combat  Military  Monograph  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Stressors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. Schad, N. J. (2011, März). Der soldat, das einstztrauma und EMDR: Spezielle aspekte der behandlung [The soldier, trauma and EMDR: Specific aspects of treatment]. EMDRIA-Day in Berlin, Deutschland.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Der Vortrag basiert auf den Erfahrungen einer psychologischen Psychotherapeutin in der Arbeit mit in Auslandseinsätzen traumatisierten deutschen Soldaten. Es werden sowohl die speziellen Stressoren im Einsatz als auch die charakterlichen Merkmale der Soldaten in der Patientenrolle sowie die notwendigen Fähigkeiten auf therapeutischer Seite ausgeführt. Auslösende und die PTBS aufrechterhaltende Bedingungen im Rahmen der Institution deutsche Bundeswehr sowie die daraus resultierenden Probleme und Vorteile werden benannt. Der Vortrag beschäftigt sich mit diversen Herausforderungen, die sich hier im Rahmen einer EMDR-Behandlung stellen wie etwa der Frage nach Schuld und Scham.

The talk is based on the experience of a psychological psychotherapist in working with traumatized German soldiers in missions abroad. There are both the specific stressors in the use of character and the characteristics of the soldiers in the patient role and the skills necessary to run therapeutic side. Triggering and sustaining conditions of PTSD within the institution German Bundeswehr and the resulting benefits and problems are identified. The lecture will deal with various challenges that arise here as part of an EMDR treatment such as the question of guilt and shame.

Keywords: German Bundeswehr  Soldier  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. Hacker-Hughes, J., & Wesson, M. (2008, June). EMDR on the frontline: Early interventions during military operations. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Some of the earliest applications of EMDR were with military veterans (Shapiro 1995, Shapiro & Forrest 1997). EMDR is now widely used to treat UK military personnel suffering from combat related PTSD. This presentation will consider extending the use of EMDR as an early intervention during frontline operations. Research suggests the importance of early detection in PTSD (Lee et al 2005) and the benefits of early intervention (North 2001). Current practice is that UK personnel who are having significant difficulties in functioning after exposure to trauma are sent back to the UK for treatment after a brief period of watchful waiting. This is can be detrimental, both to the unit and individual (Shepard 2000, Solomon et al 2005). EMDR offers a potential solution to this problem. A case study will be presented of a soldier who was suffering significant post trauma symptoms whilst serving in Afghanistan. Through the successful use of EMDR in theatre just 2 weeks after the trigger event, he was able to resume his normal duties and hence avoid the negative effects of being returned to the UK for treatment. The use of EMDR as a frontline treatment has far reaching implications but currently there is little evidence for its use as an early intervention with military personnel (Russell 2006). Future research to evaluate this novel application of EMDR is planned. This presentation will introduce participants to the challenges of providing psychological treatment during military operations and the potential value of EMDR in this setting.

Keywords: Early Interventions  Military  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Elias, M. (1999, November 29). Eyeing new treatment for trauma. USA Today, 1D, 1-2.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Psychologist Steve Silver was skeptical of the strange new therapy but he felt desperate. Facing him sat a middle aged man whose prductive life was ended 20 years ago.As a young soldier in Vietnam, his mental health had been shattered in one split second of savagery. "He'd become very close to his battalion commander," says Silver, "and then one day watched as this man literally had his head blown off right in front of him."

Keywords: General  Overview  Steve Silver  Steven Lazrove  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Wesson, M., & Gould, M. (2009). Intervening early with EMDR on military operations: A case study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 91-97. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.91.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The U.K. armed forces are currently involved in a number of military operations throughout the world. Offering structured psychological interventions such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in theater has a number of potential advantages. This single-case study describes how the EMDR recent event protocol (Shapiro, 1995) was used in theater with a 27-year-old active-duty U.K. soldier who was experiencing an acute stress reaction after treating a land mine casualty. The intervention took place 2 weeks posttrauma with four sessions conducted on consecutive days, resulting in a positive outcome, with the soldier able to return immediately to frontline duties. Treatment response was assessed with administration of four standardized measures at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 18-month follow-up. Treatment effects remained at 18-month follow-up. The challenges of conducting EMDR in operational theaters and clinical implications are explored.

Keywords: Early Interventions  Military  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Braun, A. (2003, March 14). Old war wounds resurface, can be healed. Sebastian, FL: Sebastian Sun, Indian River County, A5.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Luckily Greg had not just been a soldier, he had in him a true warrior spirit. He was brave in the face of his pain - and thoroughly tired of it. So, after I explained the healing method to him, he agreed to try it. This procedure, known as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a revolutionary way to treat painful memories of all kinds. During the many years I have used it, it has never failed me once. Here is how it works.

Keywords: Overview  General  Sebastian, FL  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Hurley, E. C. (2010, November). A response to the meta-analysis by Albright & Thyer: What best serves our troops?. Behavioral Interventions, 25(4), 349-353. doi:10.1002/bin.314.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Comments on Does EMDR reduce post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in combat veterans? by David L. Albright and Bruce Thyer (see record 2010-02408-001). As an Army Chaplain and psychotherapist for 30 years, I have used a variety of psychotherapy modalities to treat soldiers and military families in various combat zones, as well as military installations in the United States. In this capacity I have found eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to be efficacious in the treatment of both trauma and life adjustment issues. In my present position as Director of Soldier Center, Clarksville, TN, I use EMDR on a daily basis to treat soldiers and veterans recovering from combat trauma. Based on my extensive experience in the successful application of EMDR, I am dismayed by the pre-suppositional bias against and potentially serious misrepresentations of EMDR that are evident in the Albright and Thyer article from the authors' very first mention of it. The authors have done a great disservice to clinicians, as well as to veterans, with their paper. In summary, the best way to serve our troops is to urge comparative research between EMDR and the extant cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments. Our men and women in uniform deserve the best treatment possible. EMDR has amply demonstrated its efficacy with multiple trauma populations and should not be minimized because of subjective biases and misinformation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Albright  Letter  Thyer  Troops  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. Blore, D. C. (1997, September-October). Use of EMDR to treat morbid jealousy: A case study. British Journal of Nursing, 6(17), 984-988.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new psychological intervention which has mainly been utilized to treat PTSD symptoms. The following case study of a 75-year-old World War II veteran, however, illustrates that such symptoms can present in less obvious ways. During his incarceration, the soldier had been subjected to systematic taunting by his Japanese captives. The resultant traumatic memories had been triggered in a range of social situations over the next 50 years, leaving a legacy of morbid jealousy which was quickly and effectively treated. Potential areas for research are indicated. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Aged  British  Case Report  Imprisonment  Interpersonal Interaction  Intrusive Thoughts  Jealousy  Males  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  Veterans  War  World War II  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. Schmuldt, L. M., Gentile, T. I., Bluemlein, J. S., Fitch III, J. C., & Sterner, W. R. (2013). The war within: One soldier's experience, several clinician's perspectives. Journal of Military and Government Counseling, 1(1), 2-18.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Soldiers returning from deployment are presenting with a plethora of serious mental health challenges, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disturbances, and substance abuse issues. This paper will describe the journey of one soldier following his deployment to Iraq and the difficulties he faced during reintegration. Clinicians representing five approaches – dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), group systems theory, and motivational interviewing (MI) will provide perspectives on the development of traumatic response symptomology, as well as suggestions for understanding and treating the soldier profiled in the case study.

Keywords: DBT  Dialectical Behavior Therapy  Group Development  Mental Health  Military  Motivational Interviewing  Soldier  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. Hill, L. (2008, June). ‘Saving Private Ryan’ – with the help of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A career soldier, who had fought in both Gulf wars and was suffering from PTSD and alcoholism, experienced a severe panic attack whilst watching the opening scenes of the film “Saving Private Ryan”. After 8 sessions of EMDR he asked if he would be able to watch the film now – without a panic attack. We decided to watch it together and used the first five minutes of the film to shape a unique therapy session encompassing grief work, the completion of the trauma work we had been doing with EMDR and the use of EMDR to enable him to begin to address the imminent life stage issue of retirement from the military and how he was to make meaning for himself from his experience. This is a case study which demonstrates the immense potential and flexibility of EMDR if we are able to respond creatively to our clients. This session is an invitation to think about how we can use EMDR creatively, remaining true to its protocols at the same time as being able to integrate it into our previously existing skills and respond flexibly and appropriately to our clients needs and suggestions. It is an example of creative and collaborative working with the client.

Keywords: Military  

Accuracy Verified: Yes