Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. Hyer, L. A., Boudewyns, P. A., Peralme, L., Touze, J., & Kiel, A. (1995, June). Controlled treatment outcome study using EMDR on combat-related post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After the status of PTSD was established, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions; EMDR, exposure control (EC), and group (GT). Subjects in EMDR condition received at least five but no more than eight sessions of EMDR. EC condition subjects therapy procedure as the EMDR subjects but without the eye movements. Subjects in the GT condition received five to eight session of group therapy only.
Outcome measures were at intervals; prior to therapy, immediately following therapy and at two follow-up periods. These include: (1) self report or interview-related psychological measures (Combat Exposure scale, MMPI-2 PTSD, Veterans Adjustment Scale (VETS), Mississippi Scale, Hamilton (Depression and Anxiety); (2) behavioral outcome measures (employment, treatment seeking behavior medication therapy, and re hospitalization rate); and (3) psychophysiological response measures (skin conductance, frontalis EMG, heart rate and blood pressure). The last measures involved a change measure in psychological arousal during exposure to tape recorded scripts depicting the patients' most traumatic combat memory. In addition to these pre-, post-,
follow-up measures, measures (SUD, profile of mood scale (POMS), and impact of events scale (IOE) were taken at each therapy session.
Early results on selected outcomes show differences in positive outcome between conditions POMS EMDR>GT (p<.01); IOE Avoidance, EMDR>GT (p<.04); IOE Intrusion, EMDR>GT(p<.03); Heart Rate, EMDR>GT (p<.04). Presently, there were no other significant differences between EMDR or EC. Trends, however suggest that EMDR may be superior to EC on several of the measures.
These results indicate that EMDR may be producing greater reduction in the conditioned emotional response to traumatic memories in these patients, when compared to group therapy approach commonly used to treat these types of patients in a special VA treatment program.
Keywords: Combat Controlled Treatment Outcome Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Shapiro, F. (2005). Developing a safe place, touchstone event processing triggers, and future template. Watsonville, CA : EMDR Institute Inc.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Scripts of the following scripts developed by Dr. Shapiro: Safe Place, Tiuchstone Event, and Future Template.
Keywords: Future Template Safe Place Scripts Touchstone Event Triggers
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Hopper, J., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., Yehuda, R., van der Kolk, B. A., & Simpson, W. (2003, October-November). Differential biological outcomes of EMDR and fluoxetine for PTSD. In B. A. van der Kolk (Chair), Treatment outcome studies of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment Outcome Studies of PTSD: This symposium presents three large carefully controlled treatment
outcome studies using four different treatment modalities (CBT,
EMDR, psychopharmacology and Cognitive Processing) and presents
data on comparative efficacy, treatment responsiveness and
resistance, effects on comorbidity, quality of life, and biological
changes that accompany symptom improvement.
Differential Biological Outcomes of EMDR and Fluoxetine for PTSD: Two major developments in PTSD research have been the development
of effective treatments and the delineation of pathophysiology.
While major gains have been made in both of these areas, they
have occurred in parallel. There is a need for investigations of possible
differential effects of different treatment modalities on biological
aspects of PTSD. In this randomized controlled trial (N = 105), we
compared the exposure treatment Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing, the serotonergic reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine,
and pill placebo for their effects on both PTSD symptoms and biological
parameters. The outcome measures were severity of reexperiencing,
avoidant/numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms; psychophysiological
reactivity to script-driven imagery; basal salivary
cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test (DST). At pre-treatment,
post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, saliva samples were
acquired at 8 a.m., 11 p.m. (immediately followed by dexamethasone)
and 8 a.m.. Participants also underwent a script-driven
imagery protocol utilizing four 30s scripts, each followed by a 60s
script imaging period and 2 minute recovery periods (fixed order:
neutral, trauma, neutral, trauma). Preliminary analyses partially support
hypothesizes concerning differential efficacies of pharmacological
and psychological treatments on different symptom clusters
and biological markers of the disorder, at post-treatment and 3-
month follow-up. Potential implications for treatment and future
research will be discussed.
Keywords: Fluoxetine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., & Muroaka, M. Y. (1995, June). EMDR in combat-related PTSD: A controlled study. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In view of potential, but largely undocumented benefits of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an intervention for PTSD in combat veterans, in our laboratory a study of EMDR treatment included (1) randomized patient assignment, (2) clinically appropriate comparison (treatment and control) groups, (3) a 12-session EMDR protocol administered by experienced, EMDR trained clinicians, and (4) extensive clinical assessment, including physiological evaluation at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Thirty-five veterans who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD completed an extensive multimodal assessment protocol. Assessment instruments included: The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, the Impact of Events Scale (IES), the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), a self-rating of overall severity of "PTSD symptoms," the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI). In addition, each subject completed a Stressful Scene Construction Questionnaire (SSCQ) in which scripts of specific traumatic combat incidents were prepared for presentation during psychophysiological assessment. Following pre-assessment, a subset of the subjects constituted a waiting list control (CON, N = 12). Routine clinical care for these subjects was available at the VA Medical Center. Seven of these subjects also participated in group sessions for discussion of PTSD designed as an attentional control. There were no differences between the two control subgroups and their data was combined for all subsequent analyses. For the treatment groups, subjects assigned to the EMDR (EMD, N = 10) and relaxation (RXT, N = 13) groups were seated in a semi-reclined chair and continuous measures were taken of muscle tension levels (four sites), hand temperature, skin conductance levels, heart rate, and blood pressure. For all subjects, there were 20 minutes in each of the baseline sessions with no additional stimuli presented. At the end of session 2 of baseline, the patients remained in the experimental room and were assessed for an additional 20 minutes (pre-treatment) during which the SSCQ scripts also were presented. There were two sessions per week with a minimum of one day between sessions. Each subsequent treatment session for the EMD and RXT subjects was approximately 60 minutes in duration, allowing for set-up time and briefing. In the EMD group, a standard protocol for the EMDR interventions was administered, including periodic SUDS ratings and VoC scaling of combat and related images and cognitions (cf Shapiro, 1995). In the RXT group, home relaxation tapes and biofeedback on four sites (face, neck, arm, and back) to assist lowered muscle tension were provided. Following 12 treatment sessions (post-treatment), and again after three months (follow-up) the psychometric instruments and psychophysiological assessment were readministered using the format outlined above. Relative to the other conditions, the EMDR treatment produced substantially more positive clinical effects at post-treatment and follow-up. Comparing the EMD group to the CON group, significant effects (p<.05 or better) were obtained on measures of PTSD including the Mississippi and PTSD symptoms self-rating, and on the Beck and STAI-Trait. Comparing the EMD group to the RXT subjects, significant differences were found on the Mississippi, the IES-Intrusion scale, the CAPS, PTSD symptoms ratings, and the STAI-Trait scale. No differences were obtained on any of the physiological measures. Therefore, the present results support the effectiveness of EMDR with combat veterans with chronic PTSD. The data strongly suggest that some previous negative results obtained when EMDR was applied to chronic and severe combat PTSD may have resulted from methodological artifacts, such as inadequate amount of treatment and therapist inexperience. While the failure to find physiological effects is consistent with results of other controlled treatment exposure trials in PTSD, this finding raises clinical and conceptual questions with respect to the arousal component of the disorder.
Keywords: Combat Controlled Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Shapiro, F. (2013). EMDR – Case formulation, principles, forms, scripts and worksheets, based on the work of Dr. Francine Shapiro, Ph.D.,- For clinical use by EMDRIA/EMDR Europe approved therapists only.. Humanitarian Assistance Programme UK & Ireland (HAP UK&I).
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Based on the work of Dr Francine Shapiro, this concisely written handbook sums up all the basics you need to know as an EMDR therapist working with clients.
All profits from the sale of this handbook go to support the invaluable work of EMDR's Humanitarian Assistance Programme UK & Ireland (HAP UK&I), taking EMDR training to therapists in zones around the world of conflict and disaster.
The therapists' handbook can be used in conjunction with the HAP UK&I EMDR client's handbook, also available here on Amazon Kindle.
For further information about the work of HAP UK&I, please visit our website, www.hapuk.org.
Keywords: Handbook
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Hartung, J. (2009). Enhancing postive emotion and performance with EMDR. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 339-375). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The scripts included in this chapter exemplify how an EMDR therapist might talk with a client when the focus is on positive psychology and performance enhancement: reaching for a goal not yet realized, looking for a way to strengthen a positive quality, or hoping to fine-tune existing skills. The scripts accompany a model that has been taught in a number of countries to therapists, coaches, and human resource advisors. The model combines elements of coaching and psychotherapy. Coaches attend to a client's skills and deficits, look for solutions that are behavioral and strategic, and focus on the present and future while downplaying the past. Psychotherapists, on the other hand, attend to the client's internal experience: emotions, self-talk, beliefs, and other not-so-observable factors. The focus is largely on the past and present. It follows that the model will be most useful to persons who practice both coaching and psychotherapy. As a coach, the practitioner is familiar with the situation in which the client seeks to perform, whether the client hopes to run faster, lead more effectively, parent better, or study smarter. Competency issues for coaches have been detailed by Hays. As a psychotherapist, the practitioner—it will be assumed—will be comfortable using EMDR in the treatment of traumatic memories and other matters that interfere with the client's personal growth. This chapter provides appropriate scripts. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Performance Positive Emotion Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Luber, M. (2012). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols with summary sheets CD-ROM version: Basic and special situations. New York, NY: Springer Publishing, ISBN-13:9780826193414.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
These scripted protocols and summary sheets in a fill-in PDF format offer the EMDR practitioner an adjunct to the chapters of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations. The excerpted digitalized scripts give the clinician a unique opportunity to record data on the computer or as a hard copy. In addition, there are new summary sheets for each chapter to condense the data collected, allowing for quick retrieval. These digital scripts and summary sheets assist in protocol information retrieval for different populations, and facilitate the gathering and organization of important client data, as well as case conceptualization. These forms are available as a digital download or on a CD-ROM and are compatible with any computer or device that supports PDF.
Special populations addressed include children, adolescents, couples, and clients suffering from complex posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, anxiety, addictive behaviors, and severe pain.
Key Features:
•Available in an expandable and editable digital format for easy access and customized tailoring
•Provides concise summary sheets for quick information retrieval and case conceptualization
•Facilitates gathering and organization of protocol and client data
•Assists in the formulation of concise and clear treatment plans
•Offers select scripts and summary sheets customized for client populations
•Includes templates for repeat use
Keywords: Scripted Protocols Special Populations Summary Sheets
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Luber, M. (2011). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols with summary sheets CD-ROM version: Special populations. New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
These fill-in PDF forms offer editable and savable summary sheets and actual scripts of protocols from Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations. The digital summary sheets and scripts consolidate all material needed for case conceptualization, and facilitate the gathering and organization of important client data, protocol information retrieval, and treatment implementation. These forms are available as a digital download or on a CD-ROM, and are compatible with any computer or device that supports PDF. A one-stop resource which uniquely facilitates EMDR treatment, this product is invaluable for mental health practitioners, consultants, and supervisors who are fully trained in the practice of EMDR.
Keywords: Scripted Protocols Special Populations Summary Sheets
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Luber, M. (2009). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (Ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
EMDR has become an important tool in the use of treating trauma. As therapists have worked with this methodology, EMDR has been used in many different areas of human suffering such as addictions, anxiety, pain, dissociative disorders, and many other issues.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols serves as a one-stop resource where therapists can access a wide range of protocols, including the past, present, and future templates, as well as any auxiliary information. The book sets forth a template for therapists and researchers to use so that the form of working in the EMDR idiom is consistent, valid, and reliable. Written in an easy-to-use manual style, the book is replete with detailed techniques, exercises, and scripts as developed by recognized EMDR experts.
Keywords: Scripted Protocols
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Luber, M. (2009). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
EMDR has become an important tool in the use of treating trauma. As therapists have worked with this methodology, EMDR has been used in many different areas of human suffering such as addictions, anxiety, pain, dissociative disorders, and many other issues.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols serves as an authoritative, one-stop resource where therapists can access the full protocols, including the past, present, and future templates, as well as any auxiliary information. The book sets forth a template for therapists and researchers to use so that the form of working in the EMDR idiom is consistent, valid, and reliable. Written in an easy-to-use manual style, the book is replete with detailed techniques, exercises, and scripts as developed by recognized EMDR experts.
Keywords: Scripted Protocols
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Steele, A. (2003, September). Imaginal nurturing. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Imaginal Nurturing blends guided imagery with EMDR components to provide a means of weaving nurturing experiences into and through the therapeutic process. These experiences build upon each other to facilitate a new relationship with self, and the development of a secure base within. In this workshop, participants will learn the principles of IN, how to use it in relation to trauma work, how to develop an attachment-related body resource, and how to ground the imagery in the client's life. There will be a review of ways to deal with probems that arise. Handouts include sample scripts.
Keywords: Imaginal Nurturing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Laub, B., & Bar-Sade, E. (2009). The IMMA EMDR group protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 289-296). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The Imma Group Protocol is based on the Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (IGTP) by Jarero, Artigas, Alcala, and Lopez Cano (see record 2009-08399-029), the Four Elements Exercise by Elan Shapiro (see record 2009-08399-009), and the principles of group therapy work. This protocol is designed for small groups of children from the age of 5 upward. The language can, of course, be adjusted to suit the developmental level of the group. The protocol is to be used only by EMDR-trained therapists. The therapist must have the ability to react on the spot, evaluate, and provide further treatment for clients who are overwhelmed by the traumatic material. We recommend that work with this protocol include at least two group facilitators, in addition to the leader, in order to monitor the group and help the children carry out the instructions. The younger the children, the more facilitators are needed to insure that each child feels safe and emotionally supported. The appropriate scripts are provided. [PsycINFO Database]
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Leeds, A. (2007, June). Improving self-regulation and social functioning for survivors of early emotional neglect and abuse with positive affect tolerance and integration protocol: A case series. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Survivors of early emotional neglect experience pervasive difficulties including vulnerability to adult psychiatric disorders and inability to regulate emotional states (Schore, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001a, 2001b; Teicher, 2000, 2002; Teicher et al, 1993; Teicher et al., 1997). Their inability to regulate emotional states is not solely linked to effects of adverse events, but is significantly linked to insufficient exposure to normal, developmental attachment sequences that foster capacities for self-regulation.
A subset of adult survivors of early, pervasive, emotional neglect who meet full or partial criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder also present with comorbid Cluster C Axis II symptoms (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive) and meet criteria for dismissing (or fearful) insecure attachment (Cassidy & Shaver, 1999; Main, 1996).
Clinical assessment reveals these patients have low tolerance for positive interpersonal emotions and engage in defensive strategies to dismiss, minimize, deny or subtly avoid experiencing and assimilating this positive emotional states into their internal model of self. These strategies include overt and covert behavioral avoidance as well as dissociate defenses. Paradoxically, these patients may show superficial characteristics or competence, interpersonal skills, or emotional stability which on closer examination prove to be fragile or which collapse in the face of social stressors.
The general theoretical base for the Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration (PAT) protocol is related to McCullough’s (1996, 2003) model of affect phobia and recognizes McCullough’s emphasis on an anxiety regulating, titrated approach to developing tolerance for adaptive affect and associated coping behaviors. Putnam’s (1997) discrete behavioral states model provides an important conceptual framework for understanding these patients’ needs to gradually develop new discrete behavioral (psychophysiological and affective) states and new pathways (schemes and scripts) fostering access to these shared positive states often as a crucial early phase of treatment to help resolve their impairments in emotional self-regulation.
This presentation describes the use of standard EMDR procedural steps in a treatment plan that postpones the standard three pronged (past, present, future) PTSD protocol, but which is consistent with the consensus model for Complex PTSD (Brown, Scheflin & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999; Hart, Nijenhuis, Steele, 2006) and other EMDR approaches focused initially on improving response to current stimuli (Hoffman, 2004; Leeds & Korn, 1998; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000) before attempting to target childhood traumatic memories. Targets for PAT are recent experiences in which the patient was exposed to positive, shared, interpersonal emotional states. The purposes for applying PAT to these targets are: to decrease defensive avoidance; dissociation and anxiety about shared positive emotional states; to increase capacity to tolerate and enjoy these shared positive emotional states; and to integrate these shared positive emotional states into positive schemas and self-concepts. Observed clinical gains following PAT included: improved mood and resilience, and decreased depersonalization during subsequent use of EMDR to reprocess traumatic memories.
The goal in presenting this “Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration Protocol” case series is to encourage research to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of this application of the standard EMDR procedures for a clinical subpopulation generally considered challenging to treat.
Keywords: Affect Tolerance Poster Self-Regulation Social Functioning
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Shapiro, F. (2006). New notes on adaptive information processing: Case formulation principles, scripts, and worksheets. Hamden, CT: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.
Language: English
Format: Book
Accuracy Verified: No
15. Holm, O. (2012, October). On the path of shame affect: Its management in traumatized and dissociative patients with the compass of shame and EMDR special interventions and/or IFS ego states. Presentation at the 29th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Long Beach, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Five traumatized patients grouped this way: 2 males, 2 females, one boy of 11. The two men had received treatment with CBT, 1 of females Gestalt therapy, the other female with EMDR, and the 11 years old boy with IFS; they had come to a point of stuck in their therapy because of the therapists not being able to manage Shame Affect during trauma confronting; also, when alters appeared during some therapy sessions in one of the adult females. Four of the patients had already worked on some traumatic memories with previous therapists. According to Compass of Shame 2 of the male patients had a rather high urge to enter into Attacking others pole with rage, and one of them, also, into Avoidance pole with drug abuse, compulsive sex and gamble; two females were more urged to enter into Attack self pole and in 1 of the females, her alter and patient described herself as being very upset and paralyzed with Shame. The 11 years old boy was stuck in Withdrawn pole; a highly Shamed Negative Part was so paralyzed that the Integrating Strategy was stopped until the child Ego state was released from Shame.
Learning Objectives:
EMDR/and not EMDR participants will able to perform interventions characterized by working with Shame or preparing patients to tolerate Shame.
Participants will be able to define the scripts inside each pole of the Compass
Participants will be able to identify the different poles of Compass of Shame.
Keywords: Compass of Shame Dissociation IFS Ego States Shame Affect
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Klaff, F. (2002, June). Portrait of a family: Fitting EMDR to the family and child. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
What is particularly unique is that this presenter has documented verbatim
scripts and filmed sessions of two families over a time span covering 8
years. It is possible from this data to track recurring themes and issues
and demonstrate how EMDR was helpful to the recipients over time.
Presented are practical and creative ways of incorporating parents into
treatment and viewing the treatment of the child in a broad context. It
demonstrates how to make actual systemic maneuvers during an EMDR session,
how to work with the individual on systemic family issues and how to follow up
EMDR sessions with further family work.
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Klaff, F. (2005, September). Practical EMDR with children and adolescents: An integrative family systems approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop offers creative and practical applications for integrating
EMDR into child, adolescent and family systems therapy. Ways to introduce
EMDR, uncover targets, adapt cognitive interweave to different ages and
stages of development and assess and utilize parental involvement will be
taught. Problems, such as resistance, family complexities and chronic versus
crisis problems, will be addressed. Enhancement skills including affect
management and ego strengthening will be taught. The how-to's of play, art,
music and stories as vehicles for creatively using EMDR will be demonstrated.
Cases involving ADHD, adoption, cutting, divorce, sexual abuse and other
traumas will be illustrated with videos, scripts and roleplay. Dr. Klaff is
known far her lively presentations, creativity and humor.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Integrative Family Systems Approach
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Monticelli, M. L. (2008, Novembre). Psicoterapia cognitivo costruttivista e EMDR integrati: verso un’evoluzione mente-corpo consapevole e collettiva [Cognitive constructivist EMDR integrated into development mind-body awareness and collective]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
I limiti mentali autoimposti acquisiti da copioni familiari reiterati in età evolutiva e da modelli operativi interiori acquisiti dalle autorità societarie attraverso mezzi di comunicazione di massa e regole educativo-lavorative, inducono percentuali sempre più rilevanti della popolazione europea alla vulnerabilità psicopatologica. L’esordio delle sintomatologie psichiche e somatiche di varia entità, avviene già in fasi precoci, nella primissima infanzia e spesso già nelle fasi prenatali, e il limite di età tende percentualmente a essere sempre più sensibile fin dal primo mese di vita. In età scolare si manifestano situazioni comportamentali quali il cosiddetto “bullismo” e fenomeni con campionature rilevanti di sindromi ipercinetiche con deficit attentivo e disturbi del-l’apprendimento. In adolescenza il contesto si complica e gli attacchi di panico, le sindromi depressive e i disturbi alimentari psicogeni dilagano, fino all’esordio di disturbi post-traumatici da stress che si incrementano in seguito alle difficili scelte di orientamento universitario o lavorativo. La vulnerabilità dell’età adulta si manifesta con disturbi somatoformi di diversa natura, disturbi psicocardiologici, sindromi ansioso-depressive, attacchi di panico, disturbi di coppia e relazionali, per citare i più frequenti e limitandomi solo ad accennare l’esistenza della molteplicità di disturbi iatrogeni. In tali soggetti, la consapevolezza di essere indotti in stati di shock che incrementano molteplici disturbi somatoformi e psicopatologici è praticamente assente. Essi, come pazienti, si rivolgono agli specialisti in ambito sanitario con la convinzione, spesso indotta da propagande dei mass-media, che tutto sia solo genetico, e vada "curato" con farmaci per lunghi periodi se non per tutta la vita. Anche da parte degli operatori sanitari vi sono ampie aree di inadeguatezza metodologica: ad esempio, la gravidanza viene gestita come fosse una malattia, riducendo la donna partoriente a una paziente alla quale troppo facilmente si “consiglia” il parto cesareo (statisticamente tra i più frequenti in Italia!) come metodo “veloce e sicuro” di parto, togliendo la competenza materna dell’imprinting alla nascita del bambino con le conseguenze psicologiche che ne derivano per la relazione madre-bambino e per la crescita serena di quest’ultimo, e, sempre a titolo esemplificativo, ignorano quasi del tutto gli aspetti di psicocardiologia, e il loro intervento si riduce a esami medici invasivi e a somministrazione di farmaci. Eppure, la psicoterapia cognitiva costruttivista, e specificamente modelli teorici e tecniche strategiche specialistiche note come EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), l’utilizzo di biofeedback, l’innovativo training emotivo-cognitivo-comportamentale da me ideato nelle due versioni per la psicoterapia e per i gruppi in formazione che incrementa il riconoscimento emotivo e l’implementazione di immagini mentali idonee a modificare cognizioni e comportamenti irrazionali, quando eticamente e competentemente applicati, fanno molto per questi pazienti, sia in quanto si incrementa sensibilmente il livello della loro consapevolezza e della loro capacità di farsi protagonisti nel-l'evoluzione positiva della loro “guarigione”, sia in quanto si può intervenire in modo mirato con sperimentati protocolli per la risoluzione dello stato di trauma psichico in tempi ragionevolmente rapidi e con risultati attendibili e verificabili. Passando dalla dimensione individuale a quella collettiva, ossia alla psicopatologia collettiva cagionata dall’esposizione (anche solo mediatica) ad eventi catastrofici o angoscianti (magari associati a senso di impotenza, insicurezza, precarietà) o a diversi tipi di stress e vulnerabilità, possiamo aggiungere che, analogamente, mediante un lavoro su sistemi di neuroni specchio e sull'attivazione di nuove connessioni di reti neurali con un modello operativo non invasivo, si potrebbe migliorare la condizione di intere popolazioni rispetto a disturbi che, oggettivamente, sono in continua diffusione.
Sarebbe opportuno iniziare una sensibilizzazione collettiva partendo dalla formazione per livelli differenziati degli operatori educativi e sanitari, per poi estenderla alla popolazione suddividendola
per fasce di età e per territori di appartenenza; purtroppo la consapevolezza non è tra le aspettative primarie di committenti rivolti solo al profitto economico.
In un contesto storico-culturale dove l’etica, le relazioni umane, la cooperazione sembrano utopiche fiabe, questa è la sfida di essere una perturbatrice emotivamente orientata ad amplificare la consapevolezza attraverso un nuovo modello psicoterapeutico e formativo integrato, al quale sto lavorando da alcuni anni con risultati incoraggianti e che sarà mia premura esporre dettagliatamente durante il Congresso EMDR 2008.
The self-imposed mental limitations acquired from family scripts repeated age and developmental models inner acquired by the company operating through means of mass communication and
educational and working rules, induce percentage increasing as the population of Europe vulnerability to psychopathology. The onset of symptoms of various psychological and somatic
entity, is already in the early stages, in early childhood and often known during prenatal and age limit percentage tends to be more sensitive since the first month of life. Age
school behavioral situations occur where the so-called "bullying" and phenomena samples relevant syndromes of attention-deficit and hyperactive disorder - learning. In adolescence the context is complicated and panic attacks, the syndromes psychogenic depression and eating disorders are rampant, until onset of post-traumatic disorders stress which increases as a result of difficult choices of university or business orientation. The vulnerability of adulthood is manifested by different types of somatoform disorders, disorders psycho, anxious-depressive syndrome, panic attacks, disorders of torque and relational to cite the most frequent is limited only to mention the existence of multiplicity of disorders iatrogenic. In these subjects, conscious of being led into a state of shock that increase multiple somatoform disorders and psychopathology is virtually absent. They, like patients, addressed to specialists in the health field with the belief, often driven by propaganda media, that everything is just genetic, and must be "cured" with drugs for long periods if not for life. Including by health workers there are large areas of inadequacy
methodological: for example, pregnancy is managed as if it were a disease, reducing the woman in labor to a patient which too easily "advise" Caesarean (statistically the most frequent in Italy!) as a method of "fast and safe childbirth, removing the competence of imprinting the birth mother of the child with the psychological consequences that entailed for the mother-child and to the peaceful growth of the latter, and, also example, know little about the aspects of psycho, and their intervention reduces to invasive medical examinations and medication. Yet, cognitive psychotherapy
constructivist theoretical models and specific strategic and technical specialists known as EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), the use of biofeedback, the innovative
emotional-cognitive-behavioral training which I designed in two versions for psychotherapy and groups in training that increases the emotional recognition and implementation of
mental images likely to change, knowledge and irrational behavior, when ethically and competently applied, do a lot for these patients, both because it increases
significantly the level of their awareness and their ability to get players in - the positive development of their "healing", both as it can intervene in a targeted manner with
tested protocols for the resolution of the state of psychic trauma in the reasonably rapid and reliable and verifiable results. Moving from individual dimension to that
collective, that is caused by exposure to psychopathology group (even the media) to distressing or catastrophic event (perhaps associated with the sense of powerlessness, insecurity, instability) or
different types of stress and vulnerability, we can add that, similarly, through a work on systems of mirror neurons and activation of new connections of neural networks with a model
operating non-invasive, it could improve the condition of entire populations than disorders that, objectively, are in constant circulation. It would be appropriate to start a collective awareness levels, starting from training differential operators' education and health, then extend it to the population divides
by age and territories belonging unfortunately the awareness is not between the expectations primary principals addressed only in profit or loss. In a historical-cultural context where ethics, human relations, cooperation seem utopian fairy tales, this is the challenge of being an emotionally disturbing oriented to amplify the awareness through a new model of psychotherapy and integrated training, which I working for several years with encouraging results and that will spell out my readiness EMDR 2008 during the Congress.
Keywords: Mind-Body Awareness Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Schellong, J. (2010, June). Psychophysiological responsivity to trauma and internal resources in patients with PTSD and healthy subjects. In Research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This study aims to measure psychophysiological
parameters during activation of internal resources k g .
positive memories) and to compare these to activated traumatic
internal networks.
Antecedent studies show that traumatic stimulation on patients
with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) finalizes in various
psychophysiological correlates. During therapy of these patients
a strong demand for activation of internal resources, i.e. activation
of fortitude and positives thoughts, exists. Especially EMDR
therapy uses resource stimulating elements such as position of
power and absorption in preparation for exposure. In this study
standardized EMDR protocols establish a solid basis to explore
individual internal resources.
Researches on trauma stimuli in EMDR- patients show effects
on parasympathetic tonus (Sack 2006) as well as increased cerebral
blood flow in defined brain regions (Levin 1999. Lamprecht
2000). Especially the heart rate variability (HRV) may describe
the sympatheticovagal balance (Cohen, 2002, Porges 1991). This
study focuses on psychophysiological effects and neurobiological
regulative mechanisms of stabilizing methods and activation of
internal resources in PTSD patients and healthy control group.
Methods: Healthy subjects and patients with diagnosed PTSD
(DIAX) listened to a commonly neutral script, an individual
trauma script and an individual absorption script. Following
each script measurements of heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory
flow, skin conductance responses (SCR) and skin blood
flow (LCF, TU50%) took place.
Results: Preliminary results revealed a significant reduced heart
rate variability in patients compared to the healthy controls in
reaction to the stress script as well as to the positive and the
neutral scripts.
Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first time to be proven
that altered autonomous functions are found in PTSD not only
in reaction to traumatic reminders, but even to a positive, resource
activation situation. This provides our basement for further
research. Detailed analysis of different effects to each script
on both groups are currently underway.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Responsivity Symposium Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Luber, M., & Shapiro, F. (2009). The safe/calm place protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 67-69). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The idea of the safe place has been a staple in practices of Clinical Hypnosis practitioners. The first known use of the Safe Place with EMDR was when Dr. Neal Daniels, an EMDR practitioner working at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Philadelphia, adopted this resource to assist the veterans with whom he worked to ground themselves and contain their affect before doing trauma work. Dr. Francine Shapiro saw the merit of this intervention and by 1995 included a formalized version into the first EMDR text. This chapter was written by Marilyn Luber; the script from Francine Shapiro, 2006. This chapter was reprinted from EMDR New Notes on Adaptive Information Processing with Case Formulation Principles, Forms, Scripts and Worksheets by Francine Shapiro, with permission from The EMDR Institute, 2006. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Protocol Safe/Calm Place
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Calof, D. (1995, June). The self of the therapist: An experiential clinic for clinicians working with abuse recovery issues. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Working with survivors of trauma and abuse can challenge or shatter therapists' basic beliefs about safety, goodness, and meaning,
leaving one anxious, vulnerable, uncertain and prone to countertransference act-out. Through discussion and structured experiences
that allow for individual pacing, participants in this experiential clinic will have an opportunity to identify, transform, and work
through issues of the self of the therapist including countertransferences, parallel process, secondary traumatization, and the intense
and sometime immobilizing existential crises that may result from this work. The leader will endeavor to create an enjoyable playful
climate of mutual respect, trust, confidentiality and containment throughout the day.
Educational objectives:
A. Participants will engage in group and individual exercises designed to break with injunctions, scripts and
internalizations left over from the family of origin that have prohibited personal authority and experimentation.
B. Through lecture/discussion and exercises, participants will explore countertransference issues, secondary PTSD, and
common therapeutic impasses and the existential crises they evoke in the self of the therapist.
C. Participants will engage in group and individual exercises designed to assist in the resolution of on-going
countertransference issues growing out of their current clinical practice.
Bibliography:
(1) Benedeck, E.P. (1984). The silent scream; Countertransference reactions to victims. American Journal Of Social Psychiatry, IV,
3:49-52.
(2) Camstock, C.M. (1991). Countertransference and the suicidal MPD patient. Dissociation, Vol. IV, No. 1;25-35.
Keywords: Abuse Recovery Survivors Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Leeds, A. M. (2002, June). Strengthening identity and performance. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will articulate an enlarged set of EMDR related Resource Development and Installation (RDI) protocols. All these procedures emphasize the deliberate incorporation of positive emotion as part of restructuring and developing new affect scripts across discrete behavioral states. A majority of workshop time will be devited to experiential practice in dyads and small groups of these clinically relevant procedures. Strategies for accessing and evoking positive emotion will include movement, posture, music, artistic and emotional expression, and a variety of imagery processes.
In these experiential exercises, participants will identify personally relevant areas of desired professional development including issues of recurring countertransference stressors and compassion fatigue. The aim of these procedures is to access naturalistic capacities for positive emotion and incorporate these capacities into new affect scripts that strengthen identity and enhance performance and interaction.
Keywords: RDI Resource Development and Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Ferrie, R. (2009, August). Treating disordered sleep with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Evidence will be presented for the hypothesis that a third state of brain activity, neither waking nor sleeping, is accessed during REM sleep, as well as during the eye movement portion of EMDR. Sleep research has shown that disordered sleep is a prominent feature of PTSD, yet EMDR therapists seldom document this disorder. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index is a useful instrument for this purpose and will be demonstrated. How best to facilitate a positive outcome in therapy by changing the story line of nightmares and intrusions will be illustrated. Participants are encouraged to bring dream scripts to the discussion.
Keywords: Sleep Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. York, C. (1995, June). Treating severely traumatized children – Assessment and treatment strategies for using EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The focus of this 1 1/2 hour presentation will be on using EMDR to alleviate the emotional distress of children who have been
severely traumatized. Participants in this workshop will learn:
(a) assessment tools and strategies for selecting children who would most benefit from EMDR therapy.
(b) selection of appropriate targets for intervention.
(c) an EMDR protocol to reduce the possibility and/or degree of abreactions.
The presentation will first define "severely traumatized child" and how to conduct a careful assessment of coping skills used by
children who have been severely abused with specific focus on dissociation. Dissociation will be defined and keys to understanding
dissociation in children will be discussed.
Next, steps to deciding how to select appropriate children for EMDR will be delineated. The presentation will then cover red flags
and cautions before proceeding with EMDR and how to introduce and inform the child and his/her parents/managing conservators.
The workshop will discuss specific EMDR protocols to reduce the possibility of and/or intensity of abreactions, to enhance positive
cognitions, and to facilitate the incorporation of dissociated material and concepts. Scripts of case examples will be used for
teaching.
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. van der Kolk, B. A., Hopper, J., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., Hopper, E., & Simpson, W. (2003, October/November). Treatment outcome of fluoxetine vs. EMDR in PTSD. Symposium conducted (B. A. van der Kolk, Chair) at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment Outcome Studies of PTSD: This symposium presents three large carefully controlled treatment
outcome studies using four different treatment modalities (CBT,
EMDR, psychopharmacology and Cognitive Processing) and presents
data on comparative efficacy, treatment responsiveness and
resistance, effects on comorbidity, quality of life, and biological
changes that accompany symptom improvement.
Treatment outcome of fluoxetine vs. EMDR in PTSD: This NIMH funded study compared the efficacy of two widely different
treatment approaches for treating patients with PTSD: fluoxetine,
which acts directly on biological systems (N=30), and Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (N=30). There
also was a pill placebo control group (N=30). We assessed subjects
with a multi-modal biological and psychological assessment, in
order to determine whether treatment efficacy is associated with
changes: 1) social adjustment, 2) psychophysiological reactivity to
personalized trauma scripts (heart rate and skin conductance), and
3) basal salivary cortisol. We also tracked the stability of symptom
change for nine months following the cessation of active treatment.
Preliminary results suggest that at the end of 8 weeks of treatment,
there is a 30% improvement in the pill placebo condition, while both
active treatments demonstrate additional symptom improvement,
with EMDR being most effective for the treatment of acute PTSD,
and Prozac for subjects with prolonged childhood histories of trauma.
Clinically significant improvement in CAPS scores is accompanied
by an increase in basal cortisol and improvement in social and
occupational functioning. We will also present data on the differential
rates of symptom change in the different PTSD symptom clusters
between the two treatment groups during the nine months of follow-
up after cessation of the acute treatment phase.
Keywords: Fluoxetine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Calof, D., Maltz, W., Shapiro, F., & Young, W. (1995, June). What can we learn from the “false/delayed memory” controversy?. Evening symposium and town meeting conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Working with survivors of trauma and abuse can challenge or shatter therapists' basic beliefs about safety, goodness, and meaning,
leaving one anxious, vulnerable, uncertain and prone to countertmnsference act-out. Through discussion and structured ewences
that allow for individual pacing, participants in this experiential clinic will have an opportunity to identify, transform, and work
through issues of the self of the therapist including countertransferences, parallel process, secondary traumatization, and the intense
and sometime immobilizing existential crises that may result from this work. The leader will endeavor to create an enjoyable playful
climate of mutual respect, trust, confidentiality and containment throughout the day.
Educational objectives:
A. Participants will engage in group and individual exercises designed to break with injunctions, scripts and
internalizations left over from the family of origin that have prohibited personal authority and experimentation.
B. Through lecture/discussion and exercises, participants will explore countextramference issues, secondary PTSD, and
common therapeutic impasses and the existential crises they evoke in the self of the therapist.
C. Participants will engage in group and individual exercises designed to assist in the resolution of on-going
countertransference issues growing out of their current clinical practice.
Bibliography:
(1)Benedeck, E.P. (1984). The silent scream; Countertransference reactions to victims. American Journal of Social Psychiatry, IV,
3:49-52.
(2)Camstock, C.M. (1991). Countertransference and the suicidal MPD patient. Dissociation, Vol. IV, No. 1;25-35
Keywords: False Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Bender, S. S. (2009). When words and pictures fail: An introduction to adaptive information processing. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 49-56). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
As part of my discussion with my patients about their mind and the adaptive information processing (AIP) system, I find that patients are sometimes unable to find responses when asked about a picture representing the worst part of the event or what negative belief remains with them as a result of a life experience. It is my opinion that it is advantageous for the clinician to attempt to get all the pieces to the protocol and I recommend the scripts provides in this chapter as possible ways to do so. Use the scripts either during Phase 1 (history taking) or Phase 2 (preparation). The When Words and Pictures Fail Script is provided, and a case example is use to illustrate how to address unrecalled or missing assessment ingredients. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing System History Taking Life Experience Negative Beliefs Preparation Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes