Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links

 

 

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1. Oz, S. (2005). The "wall of fear":  The bridge between the traumatic event and trauma resolution therapy for childhood sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14(3), 23-47. doi:10.1300/J070v14n03_02.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A multitude of published books and papers on child sexual abuse (CSA) describe symptoms, long-term effects, and therapy for survivors of abuse. However, the parallels between the nature of the sexual trauma event(s) as originally experienced by the victim and the therapeutic process into which the survivor later becomes engaged have not been reported. This paper attempts to fill that gap and proposes that the concept of a "Wall of Fear" is the bridge connecting the two. In the first part of the paper, a model of the CSA experience based upon Furniss will be explained in order to point out the basis for the dissociation and other symptomology demonstrated by the CSA victim. Following that, the stages of therapy will be mapped out, with special attention to the concept of the Wall of Fear and traumatic memory resolution (abreactions) and with reference to the experience of the original traumatic events. Therapist fear of decompensation will be addressed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Child Abuse  Rape  Survivors  Effects  Psychotherapeutic Processes  Adults  Body Psychotherapy  TIR  Traumatic Incident Reduction  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. Βεντουράτου, Δ. [Ventouratos, D.]. (2009). Εισαγωγή στην ψυχοτραυματολογία και στην τραυματοθεραπεία. : Η μέθοδος - EMDR [Introduction to psychotraumatology and trauma treatment and EMDR]. Πεδίο εφαρμογής Εκδόσεων, Αθήνα, Ελλάδα [Field Publications, Athens, Greece] .

Language: Greek

Format: Book

Abstract:
Συχνά, όταν βρισκόμαστε αντιμέτωποι με μια αιφνίδια στρεσογόνο εμπειρία, νιώθουμε απειλή και ανημπόρια. Αν οι προσπάθειές μας να την ξεπεράσουμε ψυχικά δεν επαρκούν, δημιουργούνται μέσα μας εσωτερικά ρήγματα. Συνήθως παγώνουμε ή απωθούμε κάθε ανάμνηση και κάθε συναίσθημα που σχετίζονται με το τραυματικό βίωμα. Οι συνέπειες αυτής της απώθησης είναι διάφορα ψυχοσωματικά συμπτώματα, φοβίες ή κατάθλιψη.
Το βιβλίο εισάγει για πρώτη φορά τον αναγνώστη στα εξειδικευμένα πεδία της ψυχοτραυματολογίας και της τραυματοθεραπείας, που ασχολούνται με την αντιμετώπιση και εξάλειψη των τραυματικών βιωμάτων στους ανθρώπους: η ψυχοτραυματολογία συμμαχεί με το υγιές εγώ και χτίζει με προσοχή μια θεραπευτική σχέση εμπιστοσύνης με στόχο την επεξεργασία και αφομοίωση του τραυματικού βιώματος.
Στο βιβλίο εξετάζεται ειδικότερα η πρωτοποριακή μέθοδος ΕΜDR της Francine Shapiro, που αποτελεί ένα πολύ ισχυρό εργαλείο στα χέρια του έμπειρου κλινικού με θεαματικά αποτελέσματα. Με τη μέθοδο αυτή το τραυματικό βίωμα νοηματοδοτείται και παίρνει τη θέση του σαν ένα ακριβό μαργαριτάρι στον θησαυρό των εμπειριών του ατόμου.

Often, when faced with a sudden stressful experience, one feels threatened and helpless. If our efforts to overcome psychologically inadequate, created through our internal divides. Usually freeze or repelled every memory and every emotion associated with the traumatic experience. The effect of this repulsion is different psychosomatic symptoms, phobias or depression. The book introduces for the first time the reader to specific areas of psychotrafmatologias and trafmatotherapeias, dealing with the treatment and elimination of traumatic experiences in people: the psychotrafmatologia allies with a healthy ego and carefully builds a therapeutic relationship of trust with the aim of treatment and assimilation of traumatic experiences. In particular the book examines innovative method of EMDR Francine Shapiro, which is a very powerful tool in the hands of an experienced clinician with spectacular results. With this method, the traumatic experience and arises only takes its place as an expensive pearl in the treasure the experience of the individual.

Keywords: Psychotraumatology  Trauma Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. Cohen-Posey, K. (2004, December). Abreaction and reprocessing:  The importance of defining terms. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Chief Editor’s Introduction: We are delighted to publish Kate Cohen-Posey’s thoughts on the impact of the clinician’s perception of abreaction, especially as this relates to the practice of EMDR. Thanks to Kate for this thoughtful explanation, and for highlighting some key historic roots from which our current practices have evolved, and continue to! We wish her much success with her new book. -SEB [Editor's abstract]

Keywords: Abreaction  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Wesselmann, D. (2009, August). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviors associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child’s ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, help the child stay regulated, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviors, coping, and relationships.

Keywords: Children  RAD  Reactive Attachment Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Wesselmann, D. (2010, June). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviours. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviours associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child's ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, provide a secure holding environment, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviours, coping, and relationships.

Keywords: Children  RAD  Reactive Attachment Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Fisher, J. A. (2000, November). Adapting EMDR techniques in the treatment of dysregulated or dissociative patients. Presentation at the International Society for the Study of Dissociation Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Since its inception, EMDR [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing] has been understood by both clinicians and patients as a powerful vehicle for processing traumatic experience but one to be undertaken only when the patient has achieved some degree of stabilization (Shapiro, 1992). In DID and DDNOS patients, that baseline stability is also supposed to include a level of internal communication and consensus that would permit cooperation between parts of self about how to tolerate the memory processing and how to re-stabilize afterward. However, as any clinician who works with this population knows, some dissociative disorder patients never achieve that degree of internal coherence, and some have a long, rocky, tumultuous, exhausting road to travel before they get there. Faced with the DID or DDNOS patient who cannot tolerate affect or associations to traumatic memories; who cannot control switching, get grounded, or resolve internal struggles over power and control; who is unable to manage selfdestructive impulses; who cannot differentiate past and present experience; who is even unable to tolerate Resource Development (Korn & Leeds, 2002) or create a Safe Place inside—is there any way that EMDR can be helpful?

Keywords: Dissociation  Dysregulation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Miller, R., & Tay, K. H. (2009, August). Adapting the standard EMDR protocol for clients with mild mental retardation: Some guidelines and implications. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR as a psychotherapeutic approach has been shown to be effective. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the efficacy of EMDR for clients diagnosed with mild mental retardation. The DSM-IV defines mild mental retardation as below average intelligence (IQ between 70 and 55) along with some deficiencies in adaptive functioning skills demonstrated before age 18. The purpose of our clinical project was to explore the applicability of EMDR for our adult clients (n = 12; mean age 22.5) diagnosed with mild mental retardation by adapting the standard protocol. Studies showed that individuals with mental retardation learn and retain information more effectively when materials are presented to them in a visual, concrete, and interactive manner while utilizing the principles of positive reinforcements.
The prevalence of mental health problems and the wide range of clinical symptoms among these individuals have been reported in several studies. Additionally, these adults are misunderstood as being overly limited in their ability to reap any therapeutic benefit from counseling interventions. Prout and Strohmer (1998), for instance, argued that adults with mental retardation do benefit from counseling interventions. However, they stressed the need for more sophisticated or modified use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Psychotherapeutic techniques and models should be modified, if feasible, in regards to language and cognitive levels commensurate with the clients’ background.
Based on our clinical observations, the following are some examples of proposed guidelines to assist the EMDR clinicians in thinking more creatively when adapting the standard protocol.
1) Considerable amount of preparation at the onset of EMDR is necessary, as it plays a pivotal role in ensuring a successful outcome.
2) Visual depiction of the SUDs and VOCs on a scale of 0 through 5, or 0 through 10, depending on the client’s cognitive abilities is beneficial. Use of “faces” to depict concretely various levels of distress should be made.
3) The concepts of PC and NC may be too abstract for some in this population. We assist clients by operationally defining those concepts with the list of commonly used PCs and NCs in simpler language.
4) Coping resources are sometimes limited for these adults. Clients will benefit from having multiple reinforcements of self-soothing skills thorough the installation of the “safe place” and “resources”.
5) Positive reinforcements (e.g., frequent verbal reminders) should be used regularly in sessions throughout treatment. However, be mindful of clients’ desire to please the clinician.
6) Role-playing should be used when feasible throughout treatment, e.g., during the installation of future templates, as it heightens more sensory, affective, and behavioral modes of learning rather than verbal modality alone.
Based on the treatment outcomes reported by our clients, EMDR is an effective treatment option, as evidenced by sustained reduction in their level of distress to traumatic memories. Findings from this clinical project have practice and research implications. First, the standard protocol should be adapted for use with adults with mild mental retardation to achieve optimal gain. Second, empirical research is needed to provide further evidence for the efficacy of EMDR for adults with mild mental retardation.

Keywords: Mental Retardation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. Dworkin, M. (2008, September). Advanced clinical strategies for clients with complex PTSD and dissociation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clients with complex PTSD and dissociation present many challenges. The neurosciences have helped us to begin to understand and deal with them through a recent clarification of mirror neurons and associated neural structures in both the clinician and client. Concepts from the Boston Change Process Study Group and ego state therapy provide methods of analyzing and intervening in the “microprocesses” that occur in treatment. Hoppenwasser’s concept of “dissociative attunement” challenges thinking about the “multiple self states” both clinician and client operate from. Her ideas push us to rethink current conceptualizations of relatedness. Participants will learn how to deal with ruptures in positive empathy that may result in the history taking, assessment, and desensitization phases. In the preparation phase, participants learn to use the therapeutic relationship as an additional resource for containment. Concepts of dyadic regulation of affect, now moments and moments of meeting will be taught to deal with ruptures to the therapeutic relationship throughout treatment. Dealing productively with countertransference ruptures poses additional challenges. Participants will learn a strategy called the “relational interweave”. Its function is to restore EMDR processing when an interpersonal “event” has temporarily derailed the work. A practicum using Dworkin’s Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire will be held in the afternoon part of the workshop to enhance learning this strategy.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Dissociation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. Leeds, A. (2012, June). Affect phobias in EMDR therapy - developing affect tolerance capacities in client and clinician [Fobias afectivas en la terapia con EMDR -­‐ El desarrollo de habilidades para la tolerancia afectiva en el cliente y el clínico]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Affect phobias may also be described as psychodynamic or dissociative defenses or as ego state conflicts. When patients present with affect phobias and fail to progress with standard EMDR procedural interventions, EMDR therapy can still be effective when clinicians have the conceptual knowledge and perceptual skills to recognize these defenses, and when they can make use of a flexible set of advanced EMDR procedural stills for responding. EMDR trained clinicians must also confront their own affect phobias and psychodynamic conflicts as they experience a range of responses to their work with patients including countertransference and vicarious traumatization that can disrupt their ability to make use of their conceptual, perceptual and procedural knowledge and skills. This presentation provides an overview of concepts from Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (STDP: McCullough, 1997, 2003) and the Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP: van der Hart, Nijenhuis & Steele, 2006) and identifies procedures from Knipe (1999, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c), Mosquera (2010, 2011), Mosquera and Gonzalez (2010), and Leeds (2001), which clinicians can employ with cases involving affect phobia. We will also consider how clinicians can be sensitive to and mitigate the potential impact of their own affect phobias in their clinical work.

Las fobias al afecto también se pueden describir como defensas psicodinámicas, disociativas ó como conflictos del estado del yo. Cuando los pacientes presentan fobias al afecto y no avanzan con las intervenciones siguiendo los procedimientos de EMDR habituales, EMDR aún puede ser efectivo cuando los clínicos gozan del conocimiento conceptual, así como las habilidades perceptivas para reconocer dichas defensas y cuándo puede servirse de un conjunto flexible de habilidades de procedimiento de EMDR para responder [ante ellas]. Los clínicos formados en el uso de EMDR también han de afrontar sus propias fobias y conflictos psicodinámicos a medida que pasen por una variedad de respuestas a su trabajo con pacientes, incluidas la contra-­‐transferencia y la traumatización indirecta que pueden perturbar su capacidad para aprovechar sus conocimientos y habilidades conceptuales, perceptivos y habilidades. La presente ponencia ofrece una visión del conjunto de los conceptos de Short-­‐Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (STDP: McCullough, 1997, 2003) [psicoterapia dinámica breve] y de Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP: van der Hart, Nijenhuis & Steele, 2006) [teoría de la disociación estructural de la personalidad] e identifica procedimientos de Knipe (1999, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c), Mosquera (2010, 2011), Mosquera y Gonzalez (2010) y Leeds (2001) que pueden aplicar los clínicos en casos de fobia al afecto. También se contemplará cómo los clínicos pueden estar sensibles ante el impacto potencial de sus propias fobias al afecto y cómo mitigarlo en su trabajo clínico.

Keywords: Affect Phobias  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. Zangwill, W., Scharf, C., Berliner, K., Meyers, M., Schwartzberg, N., & Weinshel, M. (2006, September). All EMDR all the time: Various clinicians present and discuss videos of actual cases. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The second most common complaint from participants at our Conference is that they don't get to see enough actual EMDR sessions. The purpose of this symposium is to have various EMDR clinicians show and discuss videos of some of their most interesting/cliallenging cases. Presentation will include a session on a single event trauma (motor vehicle accident involving the death of a loved one), a couples session, and an EMDR session with a more involved case involving sevcral small "t" traumas. This presentation will allow participants to watch actual EMDR sessions, not just segments, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses in each session with the clinician who conducted it. Three clinicians will present their cases throughout the day (for approximately 90 minutes each). The hope is that by watching complete sessions, participants will become more aware of the important and 'little' details that enrich our work.

Keywords: Case Histories  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. Hoofwijk, M. C. (2012). Als behandelaar en patiënt elkaar niet verstaan: De invloed van het gebruik van tolken bij EMDR bij vluchtelingen en asielzoekers op behandeluitkomst [As a clinician and patient do not understand: The influence of the use of interpreters in EMDR with refugees and asylum seekers on treatment outcome]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:

Keywords: Asylum Seekers  Interpreters  Refugees  Treatment Outcome  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. Picciano, L. (2009, Fall). Alumni incorporate EMDR into psychodynamic treatment. GSAPP Alumni Newsletter, 10(2), 1,4.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
EMDR is a treatment developed by Francine Shapiro (2001) to reprocess traumatic experiences that are “locked” in the nervous system and give rise to current symptomatology. It involves an eight stage protocol in which clients select a target memory and, with the clinician, assess its cognitive, somatic, and emotional components as well as associated level of distress. The memory is then reprocessed through bilateral stimulation (most commonly eye movements) of the brain until the level of distress is reduced. Shapiro developed the “information-processing model” to explain EMDR’s “…treatment effects in terms of the association of memory networks” (Shapiro, 2002, p. 29). The reprocessing allows the client to “digest” a stuck traumatic memory by connecting it with more adaptive memory networks in the brain. EMDR originated as a treatment for PTSD, but EMDR protocols now exist for a variety of issues, such as phobias and grief. Originally developed with adults, its use has also been extended to children, but with modifications in technique.

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. Hase, M. (2004, June). Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on severe posttraumatic stress disorder following a single traumatic event in elderly psychiatric patients. In single trauma and grief (L. Cornil, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Single traumatic events can lead to severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with serious effects on some and psyche as well as on social functioning. Often our focus in diagnostics is limited on obvious traumatic experiences according to the ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria of what a traumatic event should be. But trauma can be variant or masked by somatic illness or comorbid psychiatric disorder. Beside the straightforward PTSD cases, the clinician should pay attention to comorbidity and the effect of dysfunctionally stored, incompletely processed information in a variety of patients. PTSD seems to be underdiagnosed in elderly patients. This paper, as part of the symposium on the treatment of single traumatic events using EMDR, has it foundation in clinical practice and gives evidence on the importance if diagnosing for PTSD and applying appropriate treatment especially EMDR, in the subgroup of elderly patients. Two case examples of PTSD following a single traumatic event in the course of depressive illness and the course somatic illness illustrate important principles and give evidence of the successful application of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD following a single traumatic event with elderly patients. The guidelines for good clinical practice in the treatment of PSTD following a single traumatic event regarding EMDR standard protocol and procedural rules will be outlines. In some respects EMDR treatment has to be adapted to the special demands of the elderly. Some ideas will be formulated and discussed. The aim of the presentation is to encourage the clinician in engaging in active treatment of the sequelae of single traumatic events in general and specially to apply EMDR with elderly patients, hereby stimulating research on the application of EMDR with the elderly, a hitherto often neglected subgroup of patients.

Keywords: Elderly  Grief  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Single Trauma  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. Dworkin, M. (2009, August). Attachment, attunement, and resonance in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Attachment, attunement, and resonance in the eight phases of EMDR enhance therapeutic outcomes. Patients with disorganized attachment processes may have complications that may make EMDR treatment more difficult. This workshop is designed to teach attunement, resonance, and therapeutic relatedness strategies in the work with patients with complicated attachment histories. Problems and solutions for misattunements during the eight phases will be the main focus of this workshop. Interpersonal neurobiological concepts will be taught to enhance the participant’s effectiveness. The Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire will be demonstrated as a tool to deal with correct therapist misattunement.

Keywords: Attachment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. Kiessling, R., & Kacsur, R. (2002, June). Being brief with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
While there have been many modifications of the standard EMDR protocol to address a multitude of client issues, little has been said about integrating EMDR with Brief Therapy. Many clients seeking EMDR treatment may have a specific problem needing immediate relief, or have limited time, financial resources, or insurance benefits. This workshop is designed to help the EMDR clinician adapt brief treatment strategies to the standard EMDR approach. A belief/feeling cluster focused history taking approach is combined with a narrowly focused targeting strategy that effectively addresses identified past, present and future targets. The installation phase of treatment is extended into present and future targeting strategies. This strategy not only addresses present and future issues more rapidly, but also identifies additional blocking beliefs that may require targeting in order for the client to achieve full resolution of the presenting problem.

Keywords: Brief Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. Marich, J. (2012, April). Beyond client, clinician and method: Enhancing empathy in the practice of EMDR/Au delà du client, du clinicien et de la méthode : favoriser l'empathie dans la pratique de l'EMDR . Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Even with her emphasis on fidelity to the protocols of EMDR, Shapiro acknowledges the importance of the therapeutic alliance. She described the execution of EMDR as an essential interaction between client, method, and clinician. This workshop encourages participants to take Shapiro’s thinking a step further. After attending this workshop, participants will be able explain what a general literature review of the psychotherapeutic professions reveals about the importance of empathy in treatment. After participating in a guided imagery exercise that is designed to foster empathy, participants will be able to identify with the experience of a new client presenting for and experiencing EMDR treatment. Finally, participants will be able to evaluate one’s own capacity for empathy within the therapeutic context and apply it to their own EMDR practice. Learning objectives: 1.To explain what a general literature review of the psychotherapeutic professions reveals about the importance of empathy and therapeutic alliance in treatment (regardless of specific method) 2.To identify with the experience of a new client presenting for and experiencing EMDR treatment 3.To evaluate one’s own capacity or empathy within the therapeutic context and apply it to their own EMDR practice

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. Korn, D., Weir, J., & Rozelle, D. (2005, June). Beyond the data:  Clinical lesions learned from a four-year treatment outcome study comparing EMDR to prozac. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
"Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice" is a challenging and elusive goal. Outcome data, while critical for the legitimacy and advancement of clinical work, often fail to translate into practical skill sets. It is only when clinicians look beyond the data that they learn some of the most valuable lessons of research.
In this session, we will present the results of a four-year, randomized controlled study comparing EMDR to Prozac in the treatment of PTSD. We will also explore the clinical and practical lessons learned throughout the study. We will address assessment and history taking, treatment planning, readiness for processing, target selection. transference and countertransference, and adult versus childhood onset trauma. We hope to give EMDR practitioners an in-depth analysis of the real-life processes, dilemmas, and learning that took place during our protocol based treatment outcome study. Video segments will be used to illustrate clinical concepts and key points. And perhaps, most importantly, these same segments will be used to demonstrate how we struggled to recognize and learn from our own mistakes.

Keywords: Plenary  Prozac  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. Schulherr, S. (2003, September). The binge cycle meets EMDR:  Bridging the gap. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The "binge cycle" refers to the repetitive oscillation between binging and restrictive eating typical of binge eating disorder. Workshop participants will be enabled to identify and relate under-explored phases of the cycle. They will learn how to use a simple information-gathering tool to quickly enter the client's symptomatic work, make apparent the "inner logic" driving cyclic behaviors and, based on this, engage the client in the therapeutic work ahead. I will then demonstrate how this information can be used to devise an EMDR-based treatment plan and integrate it with various existing models for EMDR with E.D. clients.

Keywords: Binging  Binge Cycle  Eating Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. Korman, S. (2007, June). Body-based interventions for self-reguation and resourcing in the treatment of complex trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In the clinical treatment of complex trauma, it is important to evaluate a patient’s readiness for trauma processing. This includes recognizing a clinical presentation of complex trauma and an understanding of it etiology. Additionally, it is imperative to understand the effects of trauma on the body system. Pre-mature trauma processing can serve to symptomatically worsen a pervasive pattern of systemic dysregulation. Prior to successful trauma processing, a patient must be able to maintain dual attention, regulate their affect, and tolerate the experience of affective state change. Body-based resourcing and regulatory skills can be utilized by the clinician to increase a patient’s ability to tolerate and more fully integrate pre-frontal lobe cognitive activity with the emotional and sensory experiences resultant of trauma. Strategies from many modalities, such as Dialectic Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness Practices and EMDR Resourcing can be taught to and practiced by the client in preparation for successful regulated integration of traumatic memory.

Keywords: Complex PSTD  Creativity  Mind/Body  Resourcing  Self Regulation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. Lendl, J. (2002, June). Brain performance and possible EMDR intervention. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
New brain imaging technologies are giving a clearer picture of how memories are stored and how effective treatment may alter brain function. Neuroimaging researchers Bessel van der Kolk and Daniel Amen are investigating EMDR treatment effects. Van der Kolk is studying how traumatic memories differ from memories of ordinary events, while Amen concentrates on evaluating difficult psychiatric cases, ADD, head trauma, memory problems, dementia, aggression, and exposure to toxic substances. This workhop will focus on Amen's research regarding frequently found patterns of brain performance, including specific area functions and problems from a clinician's view. Significant attention will be devoted to integrating EMDR with the Amen multi-discipline intervention approach for problem brian areas.

Keywords: Amen  Brain Performance  van de Kolk  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. Watson, C., Davis, R., & Heimonen, T. (2010, September/October). Bridging the gap between clinical practice and research with EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a trauma treatment with origins date back to 1987 by its founder Francine Shapiro. EMDR is based on an information-processing model and is being used to treat traumatic symptoms. Clinicians in many types of clinical settings worldwide employ EMDR for a board range of treatment issues including grief, depression, anxiety, physical and sexual abuse. Although there is evidence that EMDR is effective in treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, more research needs to be done in clinical practice settings to contribute to the much needed research base about effective of EMDR with other issues.
Therapists working with trauma are often dealing with high caseloads and administrative requirements of the agencies that they work with. The clinicians involved in this research have observed that there have been some encouraging developments in their community which have served to build bridges for clinicians to increase their confidence in the world of research. In 2007, an intiative called Research Skills Development Program offering mentoring in research skills development was offered in association with Lakehead University and Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Ontario, Canada.
Completion of this 1-year program proved to be the first step in make the transition from clinician to researcher. From there, partnerships were formed within the agency and community. With the support of our agency, researchers were able to gain access to testing and computer software that made data collection and data anaylsis possible with least disruption to our clinical services.
The clinicians were encouraged by previous results from our first study in 2007 (n=6) to continue systematic data collection with more clients (n=6). Approval for this recent study was received by the Ethics Committee of St. Joseph's Care Group.

Keywords: Poster  Practice  Research  Research Skills Development Program  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. Rost, C. (2010, June). Bridging the gap between stabilisation and trauma confrontation. Pre-conference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
When processing trauma material during the EMDR session, we often see the spontaneous appearance of resource material. This helps patients to come to terms with the traumatic memory. With complex traumatized patients, this material appears far less frequently, and the EMDR process can be much harder. We can support the process by activating specific resources, both before and during the EMDR session.
During this workshop, specific resource techniques will be presented and practiced which can help to stabilize complex traumatized patients and which can also be combined with the EMDR standard protocol: Position of Power, Power Animal, Body Resource, CIPOS, and a protocol for early childhood memories.

Keywords: Body Resource  CIPOS  Position of Power  Power Animal  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. Greenwald, R. (2007, June). Bridging the trauma scientist-clinician gap with a new journal format. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Scientists have long complained that practitioners do not read research, and thus remain ignorant of how science can inform practice. Clinicians, on the other hand, complain that most research had limited relevance to clinical practice: or even if relevant on occasion, is not very accessible. This poster introduces a hew journal, focused on child/adolescent trauma, loss, and related issues, that is explicitly designed to bridge this gap and facilitate effective communication of research findings to practitioners. The journal will alternate between general and guest-edited special topic issues. Regular features include brief reports of clinically relevant research, as well as “Clinicians Research Digest” style literature reviews and “Consumer Reports” style reviews of assessment instruments, books, web sites, and other resources for practitioners. The approach exemplified in this journal can server as one model for efforts to disseminate effective treatments and other research findings.

Keywords: Poster  Scientist-Clinician Gap  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012, March). Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), 224-231. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099234.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) are efficacious treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies have directly compared them using well-powered designs and few have investigated response patterns. Aims: To compare the efficacy and response pattern of a traumafocused CBT modality, brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD, with EMDR (trial registration: ISRCTN64872147). Method: Out-patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to brief eclectic psychotherapy (n = 70) or EMDR (n = 70) and assessed at all sessions on self-reported PTSD (Impact of Event Scale – Revised). Other outcomes were clinician-rated PTSD, anxiety and depression. Results: Both treatments were equally effective in reducing PTSD symptom severity, but the response pattern indicated that EMDR led to a significantly sharper decline in PTSD symptoms than brief eclectic psychotherapy, with similar drop-out rates (EMDR: n = 20 (29%), brief eclectic psychotherapy: n = 25 (36%)). Other outcome measures confirmed this pattern of results. Conclusions: Although both treatments are effective, EMDR results in a faster recovery compared with the more gradual improvement with brief eclectic psychotherapy. Declaration of interest: A.d.J. teaches and supervises clinical psychologists and psychiatrists in psychological trauma and its treatment by means of seminars, workshops and conferences, for which the participants pay a fee. He is also director and shareholder of a trauma treatment unit. For both activities he has the formal permission of the executive board of the University of Amsterdam to which he is affiliated.

Keywords: BEP  Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PSTD  Randomized Controlled Trial  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. Forgash, C., Leeds, A., Stramrood, C. A. I., & Robbins, A. (2013). Case consultation: Traumatized pregnant woman. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 45-49. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.45.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Case consultation is a new regular feature in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research in which a therapist requests assistance regarding a challenging case and responses are written by three experts. In this article, Amy Robbins, a certified eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapist from Atlanta, Georgia, briefly describes a challenging case in which a pregnant woman seeks treatment for trauma suffered in a tornado. The clinician asks if it is advisable to provide EMDR treatment and what concerns she should be aware of. The first expert, Carol Forgash, provides some general information about pregnancy and psychotherapy and outlines considerations, concerns, and contraindications for proceeding with EMDR. She recommends that if treatment is chosen, the therapist proceed with a recent trauma protocol to specifically target the traumatic memories of the recent tornado. The second expert, Andrew Leeds, comments on the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or other scientific reports exploring the safety of EMDR treatment of pregnant women. He states that pregnant women with symptoms of posttraumatic stress should understand that there is a high probability that EMDR will improve maternal quality of life and that the risks of adverse effects on stability of pregnancy are probably low, but that these remain unknown. The third expert, Claire Stramrood, explains that the few case studies that evaluated EMDR during pregnancy have found positive effects but pertained to women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth. She asserts that once obstetricians have been consulted, women have been informed about possible risks and benefits, and, given their informed consent, they should be able to choose to commence EMDR therapy during pregnancy.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder  ASD  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Pregnancy  PTSD  Tornado  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. Shapiro, R., Hofmann, A., & Grey, E. (2013). Case consultation: Unremitting depression. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 39-44. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.39.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Case Consultation is a new regular feature in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. In this article, an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinician briefly describes a challenging case in which a man, “George,” was referred for EMDR for treatment of a depression that began more than 2 years previously. After all his reported traumatic memories were completely processed with EMDR, George remains severely depressed and the therapist asks how to proceed effectively with treatment. Responses are written by three experts. The first expert, Robin Shapiro, describes a comprehensive list of possible etiologies, including attachment, early trauma, genetic, and other biological causes and their appropriate EMDR, ego state, or medical treatments. The second expert, Arne Hofmann, reviews the treatment that was provided and makes suggestions for alternate treatment targets, suggesting that the therapist could address the client’s belief that “nothing will change” and try the EMDR inverted protocol. The third expert, Earl Grey, recommends that the clinician focus on addressing small “t” traumas, even if the client indicates that he or she has little to no disturbance and explains how to develop and implement a “restorative life span target sequence.”

Keywords: Consultation  Depression  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. Rosental, V. (2009, Febrero 3). Caso clínico de horacio (Pedro). Trastorno por estrés postraumático crónico [Case report of Horace (Peter). Chronic PTSD]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=469 4/6/2010.

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Paciente que consulta a los 36 años de edad. Al momento de la consulta estaba realizando tratamientos psiquiátrico y psicológico sin resultados desde el año 1995, con un diagnóstico de Ataque de Pánico. El comienzo del problema es después de la guerra de las Malvinas. Es en el año 1985 cuando él decide consultar por primera vez porque no se sentía bien, se encontraba muy nervioso e irritable. El médico clínico, después de varios exámenes de rutina le manifiesta que se encuentra bien, aunque le prescribe un ansiolítico, psicofármaco que tomo por 11 años, hasta el año 1996. En ese año es derivado a un psiquiatra y a un psicólogo por sus reiteradas visitas a la guardia. Había estado en la guerra de las Malvinas como conscripto. Al volver, no podía concentrarse, por lo cual decidió abandonar sus estudios terciarios faltándo un año para recibirse. Se aisló además de todos sus amigos. Se casa con su vecina con quien tiene dos hijos. Presentaba dificultades maritales e inestabilidad laboral.

Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack. The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency. He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Chronic PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. McFarlane, A. (2003, October-November). CBT vs. EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. In B. A. van der Kolk (Chair), Treatment outcome studies of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment Outcome Studies of PTSD: This symposium presents three large carefully controlled treatment outcome studies using four different treatment modalities (CBT, EMDR, psychopharmacology and Cognitive Processing) and presents data on comparative efficacy, treatment responsiveness and resistance, effects on comorbidity, quality of life, and biological changes that accompany symptom improvement.

CBT vs. EMDR in the treatment of PTSD: 114 subjects were randomized into the study, but only 45 completed up to week 10. The subjects in the study comprise 45 sufferers of Post traumatic stress disorder as defined by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) (caps score > 50, and who satisfied criteria A,B,C and D for PTSD diagnosis) and the PCL-C (PCL-C>50). All subjects were victims of a traumatic experience and were recruited through newspaper or radio advertisements, referrals from private practitioners (18 subjects) or through the State Government Insurance Commission (SGIC) (27 subjects). Subjects were randomised into one of three treatments. Fourteen subjects received EMDR, 21 received CBT and 10 were control subjects. The mean age of the sample was 41.38 (SD=11.55) with the minimum age of 19 and the maximum age of 61. Sixteen of the subjects were male and 29 were female. During the treatment period 17 of the subjects were taking antidepressants and 6 were taking anxiolytics. Approximately half of the sample was married (22 subjects 48.9%), 12 had never married, 4 were separated, 1 was defacto and 6 were divorced. The mean number of treatment sessions for the entire sample was 8.53 (SD 1.65). Out of the 45 participants in the study, 26 had suffered only one single trauma in their lives, 11 had experienced several single traumas, 3 had suffered one ongoing trauma and 5 individuals had suffered at least one ongoing and one specific trauma. The following results were performed on the treatment groups (total 35 subjects), with the control group being excluded from all analyses. All subjects, were aged between 18 and 65, lived in metropolitan Adelaide and had an adequate command of English (reading and writing).All subjects gave informed consent to the study and expressed their willingness to comply with the protocol. Subjects with a history of adult seizure disorder, organic brain disease or who were assessed to be at significant suicide risk (a score of 3 or more on suicide question in HAM-D), were excluded from the study, as were subjects taking psychotropic drugs (anticonvulsive/ antipsychotic) or sedatives more than 4 times a week. All assessment and treatment sessions were conducted at the University of Adelaide Department of Psychiatry at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Assessment sessions were conducted by trained research assistants and all therapy sessions were conducted by a clinical psychologist, trained in both EMDR and CBT. Subjects were assessed for suitability to enter the study via an initial screening instrument (sent out to subjects in the post) and an initial screening interview. Patients were further evaluated at week 0 (baseline/immediately prior to commencement of treatment), 3, 4, 6, 8 10, 20 (10 week followup).

Keywords: CBT  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. Burns, M. (2009, March). The challenges of using EMDR with refugee and asylum seeking children/adolescents. Symposium conducted the 7th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Manchester, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper discusses the use of EMDR with refugee and asylum seeking children and adolescents using clinical case examples and shares the clinician’s own personal reflections on the lessons learned. The challenges of working with this group are explored drawing on research findings as well as the clinician’s experiences. Language and cultural differences can act as barriers to assessing children’s mental health or their suitability for EMDR even though in some cases it might be thought of as the treatment of choice. Working with Interpreters is often a key feature of this therapeutic work. The challenges are discussed with direct reference to The British Psychology Society’s recently published guidelines. There are ongoing stresses for these children and young people associated with displacement and their current situation in the UK. These stresses contribute to their psychological distress. Fear of being sent home or mistrust may also prevent them from providing full and accurate information hindering the clinician from obtaining an accurate assessment or trauma history. The importance of good therapeutic skills as the basis of an EMDR Approach is highlighted drawing upon a host of interventions (behavioural, physical, cognitive and motivational) to support clients in building up their own resources so that they can manage their distress between sessions. The therapist’s role in managing expressed emotions within the sessions is examined, not forgetting the impact of this on the therapist.

Keywords: Adolescents  Asylum  Children  Refugees  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

30. Litt, B. (2007). The child as identified patient: Integrating contextual therapy and EMDR. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 306-324). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
It is estimated that as many as 2% of children under age 12 and from 5% to 18% of adolescents suffer from a depressive disorder (Birmaher et al., 1996; Northey, Wells, Silverman, & Bailey, 2003) that will likely persist into adulthood (Northey et al., 2003; Wagner & Ambrosini, 2001). Contextual Therapy is a differentiation-based (e.g., Kerr & Bowen, 1988; Schnarch, 1991) approach in that it promotes self-determination in the face of family pressure for compliance, reliance on internal resources for self-validation rather than dependence on others for approval, and the overcoming of emotional discomfort in the interests of responsible action (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986). Both the contextual approach and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model predict that formative childhood experiences affect both psychological health and relational functioning. With its systemic paradigm and its ethical dimension of relationship, the contextual approach is complementary and additive to Shapiro's (2001) AIP model. The contextual approach shows the clinician where to look for the targets, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) provides the potency to transform the experience. A general structure of phase-oriented therapy can be described that accounts for most, if not all, referrals for treatment. An assessment phase, a contracting phase, and an intervention phase characterize the main tasks of the therapist. In practice, these phases may overlap, coincide, or repeat themselves over the course of minutes, weeks, or months. This chapter describes only those practices that are unique to the integrated approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model  Affective Disorders  Child Patients  Contextual Therapy  Depressive Disorder  Integrated Approach  Integrative Psychotherapy  Major Depression  Models  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Greenwald, R. (1999, June). Child trauma measures for research and practice. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This is a practical guide to objectively scored measures of child/adolescent post-traumatic stress symptoms. It is geared to the field-based researcher and the practicing clinician, who must balance scientific value with the limitations inherent in clinical practice settings. This is not a comprehensive review, but rather a selective sampling of those instruments most likely to be usefbl in the above contexts. Additional information on child trauma assessment is available at www.childtrauma.com or by contacting the author.

Keywords: Children  Poster  Practice  Research  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. Dworkin, M. (2005, June). Clinical strategies for dealing with challenging EMDR clients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will address clinician issues with clients who are challenging to work with. These strategies will include parts of the Procedural Steps Outline in preparation for anticipated problems; applied R/D/1 strategies for compartmentalizing activated clinician state dependent moments; and variations of cognitive interweaves designed to repair moments of misattunement, returning both parties to a co-regulated states so that trauma processing may proceed.

Keywords: Challenging Client  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Dworkin, M. (2005, September). Clinican strategies for dealing with challenging EMDR clients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This experientially based workshop will address clinician issues with clients who are challenging to work with both before and during an EMDR session. Participants will develop greater awareness of these moments and learn strategies to overcome potential moments of misattunements. These strategies will include parts of the Procedural Steps Outline in preparation for anticipated problems; applied RDI strategies for compartmentalizing activated clinician state dependent moments in session; and using a variation of a cognitive interweave when an interruption of the flow of states between clinician and client temporarily ruptures contingent collaborative communication. "The Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire" will be introduced as a method of enhancing these awarenesses. Participants are invited to bring their most challenging cases to work on.

Keywords: Challenging Client  Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire  Countertransference  Trauma  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. Byron, H. (1999). Clinician adherence to and combination of methods with EMDR for post traumatic stress disorder. University of Canberra, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The clinical adherence to and combination of methods with EMDR to treat PTSD has not been explored. This is of some concern as 27 000 clinicians are trained in EMDR globally. This exploratory study gained information on Australian trained EMDR clinicians' adherence to EMDR, and the methods they combined with EMDR to treat PTSD. Survey responses from 126 clinicians were analysed using predominantly descriptive statistics. The findings of this study showed that the majority of respondents perceived that they closely adhered to the standard EMDR treatment. However, respondents reported adhering more closely to the phases than the steps of EMDR. Statistically significant findings showed that more experienced EMDR level 1 clinicians were more likely to add steps and phases to EMDR, and to change the standard sequence of steps. Clinicians with greater years of experience were also more likely to change the standard sequence of steps. In addition, more experienced EMDR level 2 clinicians, were less likely to educate their clients about PTSD. Almost all respondents combined EMDR with other methods to treat PTSD. Combined methods included CBT, hypnosis / relaxation, system / solution focused methods and exposure. This research has contributed to theory and practice by uncovering that clinicians appear to use EMDR differently to researchers, by changing EMDR to meet client needs, combining EMDR with other methods and Holly Byron 16/9/99 vi therapies, and introducing EMDR in the mid stage of treatment. These findings are vital to reduce the scientist-practitioner divide by accurately testing EMDR's efficacy and enabling future controlled trials to reflect the clinical use of EMDR.

Keywords: Postrraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

35. Dworkin, M. (2009). The clinician awareness questionnaire in EMDR. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 401-408). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Whenever an EMDR treatment session becomes problematic, consider this self-administered instrument when reflecting on this session. EMDR consultants can also use this measure in their consulting groups to assist consultees in understanding when work with clients have an impact on the clinician. The purpose of using the Clinician Awareness Questionnaire includes the following: (1) To assist in raising awareness of what may be triggering the clinician; (2) To assess what may be coming from the clinician and what may be coming from the client; and (3) To develop EMDR Relational Strategies. Different problems can arise in different phases of the protocol. Sometimes, problems for the clinician may occur in Phase 1 when a client shares information that evokes negative arousal; or Phase 2 when the client has trouble understanding the elements of preparation or wants to get going processing trauma prematurely and the clinician has a negative response; or Phase 3 when there is a problem structuring the Assessment piece. Sometimes, client information may not evoke negative arousal in the clinician until Phase 4 when the client is actively processing. Often times, the clinician's triggers are from old memories. These memories may be explicit; at other times, implicit (somatosensory). As clinicians begin to notice these moments in themselves, they may aid themselves and their clients in continuing productive processing by using the Clinician Awareness Questionnaire. The Clinican Awareness Questionnaire Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: Clinician Awareness Questionnaire  Protocol  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. Grimmett, J. (2012). Clinician experiences with EMDR: Factors influencing attrition and retention. University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs. UMI 3517361.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study investigated factors contributing to clinician attrition from eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. The primary areas under investigation were factors contributing to attrition and retention, as well as the quest to obtain information pertaining to training experiences. A sample of 239 clinicians was purposefully obtained. Several patterns emerged within the data, highlighting the issues of attrition: Loyalty to other treatment modalities and discomfort with using EMDR, either through lack of confidence, inadequate training, or discomfort with client distress, were both correlated with clinician attrition. Treatment efficacy and ongoing consultation were remarkable for retention. Practice setting surfaced as statistically significant, and operating in private practice was positively correlated with greater participation in EMDR support activities. Additionally, the adequacy of the training format was presented, as well as how prepared the participants felt after completion of EMDR training. A number of findings were consistent with earlier studies and the converging results of loyalty to previous modalities and discomfort using EMDR gave rise to recommendations for future training and support of newly trained clinicians. The limitations of the current study were presented, in addition to directions for future research.

Keywords: Attrition  Clinician Experiences  Retention  Training  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. Grimmett, J., Hartung, J., Galvin, M. D., & Gray, S. (2012, October). Clinician experiences with EMDR: Factors influencing attrition and retention. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Over 70,000 clinicians worldwide have participated in extensive EMDR training in the past 20 years, but, as with other therapies, not all trained clinicians continue to practice newly acquired techniques.
Whether or not a clinician uses a given treatment modality seems to be a complicated issue, the literature can be organized along the lines of five themes: (a) therapists' pre-training factors, (b) the training itself, (c) clients' experiecnes before and during EMDR, (d) post-training skill development, and (e) socio-enviromental contributors to therapist attrition and retention

Keywords: Attrition  Clinician Experiences  Retention  Training  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. Dworkin, M. (2009). The clinician self-awareness questionnaire in EMDR. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 617-624). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Questionnaire  Protocol  Self-Awareness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. Sharpless, B. A., & Barber, J. P. (2011). A clinician’s guide to PTSD treatments for returning veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 8–15. doi:10.1037/a0022351.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
What options are available to mental health providers helping clients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? In this paper we review many of the current pharmacological and psychological interventions available to help prevent and treat PTSD with an emphasis on combat-related traumas and veteran populations. There is strong evidence supporting the use of several therapies including prolonged exposure (PE), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and cognitive processing therapies (CPT), with PE possessing the most empirical evidence in favor of its efficacy. There have been relatively fewer studies of nonexposure based modalities (e.g., psychodynamic, interpersonal, and dialectical behavior therapy perspectives), but there is no evidence that these treatments are less effective. Pharmacotherapy is promising (especially paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine), but more research comparing the relative merits of medication vs. psychotherapy and the efficacy of combined treatments is needed. Given the recent influx of combat-related traumas due to ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, there is clearly an urgent need to conduct more randomized clinical trials research and effectiveness studies in military and Department of Veterans Affairs PTSD samples. Finally, we provide references to a number of PTSD treatment manuals and propose several recommendations to help guide clinicians’ treatment selections.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Psychotherapy  Psychopharmacology  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Amen, D. G. (1997, July). A clinician’s guide to understanding and treating ADD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Focuses primarily on ADD not EMDR.

Keywords: ADD  Attention Deficit Disorder  Brain  SPECT  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Lipke, H. (2012). Comment on Dunne and Farrell (2011). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 82. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.82.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
I was quite pleased to see Dunne and Farrell (2011) intelligently and usefully address clinician experience incorporating eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) into practice. I was also pleased that they could find some use for the data I accumulated in 1992 from the 443 responders to the questionnaires sent to the first 1,295 EMDR Institute trainees for whom I was able to obtain current addresses (Lipke, 1995). Dunne and Farrell (2011). {Excerpt]

Keywords: Letter  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. Williams, K. (2006, August). A comparative experimental treatment outcome study: Female survivors of sexual assault suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and trauma-related guilt – self-report and psychophysiological measures. Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, CAN.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Diverse psychotherapeutic approaches for treating trauma-related sequelae have emerged over the last several decades in response to the widespread prevalence of sexual assault and resultant posttraumatic stress disorder among women (PTSD). In a recent formal study (Grace, 2003), a newer treatment called one eye integration (OEI) has been shown to be effective for traumatized individuals. The purpose of this study was to build upon those findings by comparing the effectiveness of two treatments for reducing PTSD symptoms with a breathing, relaxation, autogenics, imagery, and grounding (BRAIN) control condition. Twenty-seven female rape or sexual assault survivors who met the criteria for PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Text-Revision, (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000) were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) a neurologically-based therapy called OEI, (b) an information processing model referred to as cognitive processing therapy-revised (CPT-R), or (c) a control condition (BRAIN), PTSD, depression, and trauma-related guilt symptoms were assessed pretreatment, posttreatment and at 3-month follow up, and qualitative electroencephalography (qEEG) brainwave patterns of two regions of the scalp (frontal and parietal) were measured pre and posttreatment. The following dependent measures were used: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and t he Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI). Though there were no significant differences in PTSD symptoms between groups from pretreatment to post treatment assessments, a significant difference occurred between pretreatment and 3-month follow up, with OEI manifesting greater reductions than CPT-R or BRAIN. There were no significant differences between groups in depression, but there was a reduction in BDI-II scores over time. Reduction in guilt-related symptoms occurred on several scales and subscales for all three groups over time from pretreatment of posttreatment assessments, though not significantly by group. A significant difference was found for the Global Guilt subscale at 3-month follow up, with greater improvement for the OEI group. Preliminary results from cortical brain activity assessments indicate typical qEEG asymmetry patterns for PTSD and depression, though there were no significant group differences apart from minor post hoc analyses. Implications of these findings for clinical work and directions for future research were discussed.

Keywords: Depression  Female  Guilt  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Sexual Assault  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. van der Kolk, B. (2000). Complex PTSD in children II: Therapeutic interventions. Cavalcade Productions, Inc., Nevada City, CA.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
In this video series, Bessel van der Kolk and other clinicians from The Trauma Center, along with therapists Joyanna Silberg and Frances Waters, describe the assessment tools and therapeutic approaches that they have found most useful in working the severely traumatized in children. The clinician's role in such cases often includes working with parents or guardians as well as children, and can extend far beyond the therapy room to encompass psychoeducation and advocacy. For children with complex PTSD, safety must be established both externally and internally. Maintaining internal safety can be an especially difficult task when the child is highly dissociative. The presenters discuss ground techniques that can help a child to stay safe and stable, and describe the therapeutic modalities "play, talk, art, and group therapy" that they have found useful. Topics include controlling aggression, accessing emotions, changing the trauma story, and using EMDR.

Keywords: Children  Clinical Judgment  Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Intervention  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Therapeutic Processes  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Power, K., McGoldrick, T., Brown, K., Buchanan, R., Sharp, D., Swanson, V., & Karatzias, A. (2002, August). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring, versus waiting list in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9(5), 299-318. doi:10.1002/cpp.341.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A total of 105 patients with PTSD were randomly allocated to eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) (n = 39) versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring (E + CR) (n = 37) versus waiting list (WL) (n = 29) in a primary care setting. EMDR and E + CR patients received a maximum of 10 treatment sessions over a 10-week period. All patients were assessed by blind raters prior to randomization and at end of the 10-week treatment or waiting list period. EMDR and E + CR patients were also assessed by therapists at the mid-point of the 10- week treatment period and on average at 15 months follow-up. Patients were assessed on a variety of assessor-rated and self-report measures of PTSD symptomatology including the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Impact of Events Scale (IOE) and a self-report version of the SI-PTSD Checklist. Measures of anxiety and depression included the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A measure of social function, the Sheehan Disability Scale, was also used. Drop-out rates between the three groups were 12 EMDR, 16 E + CR, and 5 WL. Treatment end-point analyses were conducted on the remaining 72 patients. Repeated measures analysis of variance of treatment outcome at 10 weeks revealed significant time, interaction, and group effects for all the above measures. In general there were significant and substantial pre-post reductions for EMDR and E + CR groups but no change for the WL patients. Both treatments were effective over WL. The only indication of superiority of either active treatment, in relation to measures of clinically significant change, was a greater reduction in patient self-reported depression ratings and improved social functioning for EMDR in comparison to E + CR at the end of the treatment period and for fewer number of treatment sessions for EMDR (mean 4.2) than E + CR (mean 6.4) patients. At 15 months follow-up treatment gains were generally well-maintained with the only difference, in favour of EMDR over E + CR, occurring in relation to assessor-rated levels of clinically significant change in depression. However, exclusion of patients who had subsequent treatment during the follow-up period diminished the proportion of patients achieving long-term clinically significant change. In summary, at end of treatment and at follow-up, both EMDR and E + CR are effective in the treatment of PTSD with only a slight advantage in favour of EMDR. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Brief Psychotherapy  British  Cognitive Therapy  Exposure Therapy  Females  Males  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Random Clinical Trial  RCT  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. Rothbaum, B. O. (1997, Summer). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 61(3), 317-334.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a new method developed to treat PTSD. This study evaluated the efficacy of EMDR compared to a no-treatment wait-list control in the treatment of PTSD in adult female sexual assault victims. 21 subjects were entered and 18 completed. Treatment was delivered in 4 weekly individual sessions. Assessments were conducted pre- and posttreatment and 3 months following treatment termination by an independent assessor kept blind to treatment condition. Measures included standard clinician- and self-administered PTSD and related psychopathology scales. Results indicated that subjects treated with EMDR improved significantly more on PTSD and depression from pre- to posttreatment than control subjects, leading to the conclusion that EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD in this study. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Americans  Empirical Study  Females  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Random Clinical Trial  Rape  RCT  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Seubert, A. (2008, June). The courage to feel. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Courage to Feel is a practical and inspiring workshop, designed to give the clinician the experience and tools for guiding our clients into emotional expertise. It is not simply a theoretical training that gives you a lot of information about emotions. Because the emotional journey cuts through what is foreign territory for many of our clients, there is need of a map, a hands-on, practical guide that clients can refer to when learning how to do this “feelings thing”. To meet this need, this master workshop offers four concrete steps to emotional competence and seven skills in achieving them, all tried and proven over 25 of clinical practice. This training also teaches the use of such a trauma-informed phase model, as well as bilateral stimulation to reinforce learning, through video clips and in vivo practice. Andrew’s first book, The Courage to Feel: a Practical Guide to the Power and Freedom of Emotional Honesty, will be available through Infinity Publishing by May of 2008.

Keywords: Emotions  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. Hillman, J. L. (2002). Crisis intervention and trauma, New approaches to evidence-based practice. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract: R
ecent findings from an American Psychological Association task force suggest that one in four therapists will experience patient suicide, and that one in eight will feel threatened by patient violence during their career. Experts from this task force have also noted that clinicians receive virtually no formal training or coursework in crisis intervention. Despite the increasing need for professional services among members of the general population, current practitioners have few texts available that provide step-by-step, detailed information about how to engage in crisis intervention, and how to integrate recent, empirical research findings into theory and practice. This volume helps bridge this critical gap by providing a theoretically advanced, yet practical guide to crisis intervention. Particular attention is given to the role of violence within our culture, patient suicide, school and workplace violence, long-term sequelae of trauma, clinical assessment and risk management, professional boundaries and burn-out, domestic violence, and the neurophysiology of trauma, as well as the needs of typically underserved patient populations including minority group members, older adults, gays and lesbians, and children. The text also features critical reviews of controversial topics, including EMDR, critical incident stress debriefing, recovered memories, dissociative identity disorder, and alternative medicine. [Springer]

Keywords: Crisis Intervention  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Jaspers, J. (2011, May). De relatie tussen wetenschap en klinische praktijk [The relationship between science and clinical practice]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 32(2), 59-60. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0016-6.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
De discussie over mindfulness die in het vorige nummer van Psychologie & Gezondheid is gevoerd, wordt in dit nummer voortgezet. Frank Vernooij reageert op de eerdere bijdragen vanuit zijn klinische ervaring metmindfulnessmeditatietraining (MTT). Hij relativeert de bijdrage die vanuit de wetenschap kan worden geleverd aan de klinische praktijk in het algemeen en aan het vaststellen van de waarde en effectiviteit van mindfulness in het bijzonder. Ook in het vorige nummer werd door Maya Schroevers en haar collega’s en door Ivan Nyklíček het effectonderzoek naar MTT al positiever ingeschat dan door Remco Havermans, maar Vernooij gaat nog een stapje verder. Hij lijkt de mogelijkheden van de wetenschap om uitspraken te doen over de klinische praktijk niet hoog in te schatten. Havermans vermoedt zelfs dat Vernooij hem beschuldigt van sciëntisme, de overtuiging dat wetenschap superieur is aan alle andere interpretaties van het leven. Havermans maakt glashelder waarom hij vindt dat wetenschap een cruciale rol vervult voor een op evidentie gebaseerde klinische praktijk. Tevens stelt hij nogmaals vast dat de evidentie voor MMT te wensen overlaat en dat ook het meest recente onderzoek, gepubliceerd in 2010 en 2011, dezelfde methodologische tekorten kent als eerder effectonderzoek naar MMT. De zoekterm ‘mindfulnesss’ leverde voor 2010 en 2011 weliswaar bijna 400 citaties op, maar hieronder vond hij slechts vijf relevante MMT-trials. Bij zijn beschrijving van deze trials stelt Havermans terloops vast dat hoge impactfactoren van tijdschriften niet garant staan voor kwalitatief het best mogelijke onderzoek. Dit laatste is mogelijk een troost voor Sandra Mulkens en andere Nederlandse onderzoekers die, geheel in de huidige academische traditie, zo hoog mogelijk proberen te scoren in Engelstalige wetenschappelijke tijdschriften, lees haar column in dit nummer. Naast effectonderzoek is onderzoek in de traditie van de experimentele psychopathologie (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) een beproefde manier om wetenschappelijke kennis te vergaren die van groot belang kan zijn voor de klinische praktijk. Het openingsartikel van dit nummer is hiervan een voorbeeld bij uitstek. Over de werkzame factoren van EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is veel gespeculeerd, maar nauwelijks iets bekend. Het onderzoek van Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard en collega’s heeft hierover een aannemelijk theoretisch model opgeleverd. De theorie dat belasting van het werkgeheugen een cruciale rol speelt bij het vervagen van negatieve en positieve herinneringen is door hen in een serie experimenten overtuigend aangetoond. Een van die experimenten wordt in het openingsartikel beschreven. De publicaties hierover (zowel Engelstalig als in het Nederlands) en de klinische implicaties die door de onderzoekers zijn geformuleerd, hebben tot veel reacties geleid. Gelet op de geschiedenis van EMDR in Nederland, met uitgesproken pleitbezorgers en criticasters, wekt dat wellicht weinig verbazing. In nummer 1 van Dth (Directieve therapie) van dit jaar reagerenWillen van der Does en Hellen Hornsveld op het model van Van den Hout en Engelhard en de consequenties ervan voor de klinische praktijk. Een opmerkelijke overeenkomst met de discussie over mindfulness is de verschillende interpretatie van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek, in dit geval de evidentie voor EMDR in vergelijking met cognitieve gedragstherapie (CGT): Van der Does (2011) meent dat EMDR net iets minder effectief is dan CGT, terwijl Hornsveld (2011) de conclusie trekt dat CGT, in het bijzonder imaginaire exposure, het aflegt tegen EMDR. Ook al waarschuwen beiden tegen al te snelle gevolgtrekkingen van dit experimenteel onderzoek bij niet-patiënten voor de klinische praktijk, nieuwe wetenschappelijke informatie lijkt vooral geïnterpreteerd te worden vanuit reeds eerder bestaande opvattingen en oordelen over EMDR en CGT. De suggestie van Van den Hout en Engelhard (2011) dat EMDR een gewone CGT-techniek kan worden, zal hen door de snel groeiende Vereniging EMDR Nederland niet in dank worden afgenomen, al hoopt Van der Does (2011) op decimering van het ledental. Al met al blijkt uit deze recente discussies het spanningsveld tussen wetenschap en klinische praktijk. De ontwikkelingen in de (klinische) psychologie, waarbij de kloof tussen wetenschappers en clinici alleen maar lijkt toe te nemen, onder andere omdat het door de toenemende specialisaties steeds moeilijker wordt voor psychologen om beide beroepsrollen te combineren, doen daar geen goed aan.

The discussion about mindfulness in the previous issue of Psychology & Health are hereby continued in this issue. Frank Vernooij responding to previous contributions from his clinical experience mindfulness and meditation training (MTT). He puts the contribution that science can be delivered to the clinical practice in general and to determine the value and effectiveness of mindfulness in particular. In the previous issue was Schroevers Maya and her colleagues and by Ivan Nyklicek impact study MTT been more positive assessments than by Remco Havermans, Vernooij but goes one step further. He seems the ability of science to make statements about the clinical practice to estimate high. Havermans even suspects that he Vernooij accused of scientism, the belief that science is superior to all other interpretations of life. Havermans makes clear why he thinks science is a crucial role for an evidence-based clinical practice. Also, he once again that the evidence of MMT is inadequate and that the latest research, published in 2010 and 2011, has the same methodological shortcomings as earlier research on effects MMT. The search term 'mindfulnesss "delivered in 2010 and 2011, while nearly 400 citations, but below, he found only five relevant trials MMT. In his description of these trials suggests that high Havermans casually impact factors of journals does not guarantee the best quality research. The latter may be a comfort to Sandra Mulkens and Dutch researchers, all in the current academic tradition, try to score as high as possible in English scientific journals, read her column in this issue. Besides effects research, research in the tradition of experimental psychopathology (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) a proven way to scientific knowledge is produced that may be important for clinical practice. The opening article of this issue is an example par excellence. On the effective factors of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has been much speculation but very little known. The study by Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard and colleagues has made a plausible theoretical model yielded. The theory that taxes working memory plays a crucial role in the blurring of negative and positive memories by them in a series of experiments convincingly demonstrated. One of those experiments in the opening article. The publications on this subject (both English and Dutch) and the clinical implications have been formulated by the investigators, have led to many responses. Given the history of EMDR in the Netherlands, with strong advocates and critics, suggests that perhaps little surprise. In a number of Dth (directive therapy) this year to respond to van der Does and Helen Horn Field on the model of van den Hout and Engelhard and its consequences for clinical practice. A remarkable agreement with the discussion of mindfulness is the different interpretations of scientific research, in this case the evidence for EMDR compared to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Van der Does (2011) believes that EMDR is slightly less effective than CBT, while Horn Field (2011) concludes that CBT, in particular imaginal exposure, it looses against EMDR. Although both warn against too rapid conclusions from this experimental study in non-patients for clinical practice, new scientific information seems to be interpreted from pre-existing beliefs and judgments about EMDR and CBT. The suggestion of Van den Hout and Engelhard (2011) that EMDR is a simple CBT techniques may be, will bring them through the fast-growing Netherlands Association EMDR not be appreciated, though hopes Van der Does (2011) on the decimation of the membership. All in all, of these recent discussions the tension between science and clinical practice. Developments in the (clinical) psychology, where the gap between scientists and clinicians only seems to be increasing, partly because it is the increasing specialization is becoming increasingly difficult for psychologists to both professional roles to combine, do not do well.

Keywords: Mindfulness and Meditation Training, MTT  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Stewart-Grey, E. (2008). De-stress: A qualitative investigation of EMDR treatment. Capella University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3329849.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
There is no qualitative knowledge of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with a sub-clinical stressed population. The vast majority of EMDR research has focused on traumatized populations, leaving a significant gap in what the non-traumatized or sub-clinically stressed clients experience. Sub-clinical stress includes any level of stress that does not meet the DSM-IV-TR criteria for PTSD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived experiences of body sensations, emotions, beliefs, and imagery during EMDR treatment of participants with sub-clinical stress. Participants fit into either a young adult (18-35), adult (36-49), or older adult (50-60) maturity category and did not meet the criteria for PTSD. The sample consisted of 12 participants, from a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States. A qualitative phenomenological design was used to gather data following the EMDRIAs treatment protocol including a final interview asking questions about what the participants experienced in their body, thoughts, emotions, and memory images. The data was analyzed using constant comparative techniques using open coding and will be verified with member check techniques. The results identify five thematic holistic experiences across the participants. The themes of responsibility, safety, choices, power, and value emerged from the data. The results imply that is may be necessary to address all 5 themes for effective stress resolution. Also, the scholarly, clinical, and practical understanding of the Adaptive Information Processing Model concepts of responsibility, safety, and choices manifest in participants lived sensory experiences are now expanded and in need of additional research. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Americans  Effects  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. Kiessling, R. (2009, August). Demystifying the cognitive interweave. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Frequently, clinicians perceive that the cognitive interweave stems from either a well-constructed table of ‘cause and effect’ criteria or is magically ‘conjured’ up by a wizardry clinician. This practical, down-to-earth, basic workshops will ‘demystify’ the cognitive interweave for all clinicians who have completed the Basic Training. Participants will understand the cognitive interweave and how it seamlessly integrates into the AIP model, how preparing for the cognitive interweave begins at intake and continues to develop throughout the client’s reprocessing, and how to utilize their own clinical ‘wizardry’ skills ‘on-the-fly’ when needed to assist clients in successfully reprocessing their traumatic experiences.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. Leeds, A. M. (1992, December). Difficult cases. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(2), 7-9.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
An EMDR clinician, who prefers to remain anonymous, describes a case in which there has been only limited progress in three years of therapy. The therapist has used EMDR several times with little apparent effect.

Keywords: Difficult Cases  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. Gelbach, R. (2009, March). Disaster in Buffalo and the case for a trauma recovery. EMDRIA Newletter, 14(1), 19.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
A commuter plane out of Newark crashed late in the evening of February 12th as it approached the Buffalo airport, killing all 49 onboard, as well as a resident of Clarence, New Yrok, when the flight came to a fiery end in a residential neighborhood. Within hours a local EMDR clinician and educator called HAP seeking support and advice on how to offer help in her community.

Keywords: Buffalo  Disaster  HAP  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. Fraser, G., & Welburn, K (1999, November). Dissociative table technique: Guided imagery strategy for PTSD with dissociation. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In keeping with the theme of bridging gaps across disciplines, the Dissociative Table Technique brings to this trauma conference a strategy from the field of dissociative disorders. This therapeutic adjunct has been used by many therapists over the past 10 years for managing dissociated ego states in trauma victims who also have dissociation as part of their clinical picture. This strategy has been used with dissociative disorders, Ego-State therapy and more recently in conjunction with EMDR for patients having dissociative state alterations in addition to their PTSD. This guided imagery strategy provides a protocol for clinical intervention in such clients and will provide an additional therapeutic adjunct for trauma workers when PTSD is complicated by dissociative pathology. Based on gestalt, guided imagery and hypnosis strategies, the Dissociative Table Technique assists the clinician to bring order to the random dissociation which can complicate therapy in such cases. Also clients can be taught to become aware of and integrate dissociated ego states. This strategy must be carefully considered as it can have a profound effect on the dissociative processes. It is advised that it only be employed by clinicians whose fields permit hypnosis-based therapy.The workshop will commence with a therapeutic rationale for this technique followed by an outline of the clinical application. Included will be a video introducing the technique in a clinical case. The video will be followed by a second speaker discussing possible applications to EMDR. Useful suggestions for utilizing EMDR in this trance-prone population (those with dissociation in addition to PTSD) will be addressed in addition to presenting clinical examples in which the Dissociative Table Technique was integrated with EMDR in appropriate clinical groups.

Keywords: Dissociative Table Technique  Dissociation  Guided Imagery  Poster  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PSTD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. Connell-Jones, G. (2011). Drug modulated EMDR Treatment for borderline personality disorder. Presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
From my clinical work over the past 4 years a case series of 15 women patients, all detained in a secure hospital for periods of up to 30 years discharged after EMDR therapy. Some cases discussed in depth, others factor analysed as case series. Drug modulation permitted intensive therapy. The factors of complex stress disorder are beeing discussed and its simlarity to borderline personality disorder. The effects of long term instititutionalisation after detention in security. The responsible clinician as ‘‘goaler and therapist’’ as well as therapeutic pitfalls are being explored. The psychopathology of the flashback is contrasted with the psychpathology of the alter (dissociative identity). Prognostic factors and outcomes are being presented. The implications for personality disorder as a diagnosis contrasted with complex PTSD will be evaluated.

Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder  BPD  Drug Modulation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. Jatzko, A., Ruf, M., & Schmitt, A. (2008, Mai). Durch EMDR normalisierte funktionelle verarbeitungsprozesse bei PTBS: Eine fMRT pilotstudie [EMDR normalized by functional processing in PTSD: An fMRI pilot study] . Poster präsentiert auf der 10. Jahrestagung der DeGPT Deutschsprachige Gesellschaft für Psychotraumatologie, Psychisches Trauma-korperliches Leiden, Basel, Schweiz.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Es existieren kaum Untersuchungen mittels funktioneller Bildgebung, die den Effekt psychotherapeutischer Verfahren und deren Auswirkungen auf das Gehirn eruieren. Eye-Movement-Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ist ein anerkanntes Verfahren zur Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung, jedoch wurde noch keine fMRT-Studie zu diesem Verfahren veröffentlicht. Diese fMRT-Studie soll erste Hinweise auf die Auswirkungen einer EMDR-Therapie auf die Informationsverarbeitung einer Patientin mit einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) zeigen.

The fMRI study was at the ZI in a SIEMENS VISION 1.5 Tesla MR scanner with a 2D/EPI-Sequence (3.43 mm x 3:43 in plane Resolution, 24 layers, 4 mm per layer, 1 mm gap) and a Repetition time of 2.94 s made. It was her description of her of the accident at the moment of impact in a block design alternating with a baseline condition (only MRI noise) presented. Each 8x block was presented for 19.8 sec. After this there is a EMDRBehandlung (2h), where there were violent reactions of the patient. After a 20th Break was repeated the fMRI procedure. The Analysis was performed by BrainVoyager QX 1.9, with a t-test (fixed effect) with a threshold of q <0.5 (corrected) as was assumed significant.

Keywords: fMRI  Pilot Study  Poster  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Zhang, J. (2010, July). The effect of EMDR for children with PTSD/PTSS after the Sichaun earthquake. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A devastating earthquake suddenly struck over Sichuan Province of China at May 12, 2008. Two weeks after the quake, over five hundreds children who lost either parents or one parent were moved to RiZhao, ShanDong province. After a through screening with MiNi, Kiddie-Sads and the diagnosed assessment with Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA), about 8 percent was diagnosed with PTSD or PTSS. 511 children were selected. The final diagnosis was made with DSM-IV. We treated these PTSD/PTSS children with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), which is taken as one of the most effective treatments for PTSD. 26 children with PTSD consented to receive EMDR treatment and 26 completed the treatment. They were randomized into pretreatment group and waiting group. Children enrolled in treatment completed a number of self-report measures and CAPS-CA; pre-, mid- and post-treatment and at follow-up. All children received three 45-90minute sessions of EMDR, one session a week. The total score, subscale scores and ration of decreased score were calculated for CAPS-CA. Comparing the ratio of decreased score, the rations after the three sessions’ treatment were significantly higher than that of waiting group and naturally decreased with time. The results indicate that some children with PTSD after the SiChuan earthquake were getting well after short term EMDR.

Keywords: Children  Earthquake  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD: PTSS  Sichaun  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Dexter, B. A. (2006, September). Effective therapy with military and their families. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many more families are now affected dramatically by military service and combat. War is a disturbing experience for the service member and the family. Yet military culture is something that mental health providers do not receive training on in graduate school. Military medical systems tend to lead military families to expect certain services and knowledge when they seek help from a therapist. If military families are able to utilize military medical facilities they expect they providers to be experts on military culture. It is not neccssary however, for therapists to have served in the military in order to provide high quality service to military individuals and their families. The military community is an entire culture with many honorable customs and traditions. To fail to learn about military culture when working with military families would be tantamount to telling a client that ethnic minority issues were not worthy of therapeutic consideration. It is more critical now for mental health providers to learn about military culture because many Activated Reservists, National Guard and their families will need to receive mental health services outside of the structured military mental health setting. There is no one "central source" for military information needed by a clinician in order to provide the most effective therapy. In this workshop we will include up-todate handouts and referral sources for therapists serving military families. We will also identify how to use military culture knowledge to build rapport and to set up effective targets for EMDR processing.

Keywords: Families  Military  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. Lamphear, M. H. (2011). Effectiveness of the post critical incident seminar in reducing critical incident stress among law enforcement officers. Walden University, Minnesota. 3454138.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Summative program evaluation was used to examine the effectiveness of the Post Critical Incident seminar (PCIS) in reducing traumatic stress symptoms of law enforcement officers (LEOs). Previous trauma theory research indicated when not addressed, the impact of such trauma leads to serious physical and mental health problems. The use of the PCIS with the study population had not been evaluated. This study was conducted, using archival data, to address this gap. The sample consisted of LEOs in the southeastern US. Officers participated in either PCIS-only or PCIS + EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) groups and were also categorized according to time since the incident. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) was administered at the start of each PCIS and again at 6 months. Dependent t tests were used to demonstrate significant pre/post decreases in IES-R scores for both groups. Of clinical concern at pretest, the IES-R scores for the PCIS + EMDR group were reduced to below the scale's threshold for clinical concern. Regression analyses were used to also document significant links connecting the time since the incident, type of incident, and gender with IES-R scores. These preliminary findings lend support for the PCIS, with implications for social change and further study: With continued research and recommendations, the PCIS can be enhanced to best help LEOs remain healthy and fit for duty, resulting in a safer society.

Keywords: Critical Incidents  Law Enforcement Officers  Peer Support  Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder  Psychology  Stress  PTSD  Recent Events  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Renfrey, G. (1993). The efficacy of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of trauma related imagery and cognitions: A partial dismantling procedure. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI. AAT 9412220.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study investigated the effects of eye movement desensitization (EMD) on post-traumatic sequelae, and attempted a partial dismantling of the procedure to determine the necessity of EMD's characteristic eye movements. 23 persons participated in three groups: (1) those receiving standard EMD, (2) those receiving a variant of EMD in which eye movements were engendered through a light tracking task, and (3) those receiving a variant of EMD in which fixed visual attention replaced eye movements. All participants had experienced traumata as defined by the DSM-III-R and were having intrusive symptoms of PTSD at pre-treatment. All but two met full DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD. Each received two to six treatment sessions.Dependent variables included heart rate changes, subjective units of distress ratings, validity of both initial and targeted trauma-related cognitions during trauma-related imagery, overall frequency and intensity scores on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, anxiety and depression T-scores on the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and scores on the Impact of Events Scale. Assessments were conducted at pre- and post-treatment and at a one- to three-month follow-up. All three interventions produced significant, positive changes in all dependant measures between pre- and post-treatments. Further, these changes were maintained at follow-up. No significant differences between groups were observed. These changes were of comparable magnitude to those reported elsewhere, but were brought about through a greater number of treatment sessions. It was concluded that EMD does bring about fairly rapid therapeutic changes in those post-traumatic sequelae measured, though not as efficiently as most previous reports have suggested. Further, it was concluded that the eye movements peculiar to EMD are not a necessary component of the procedure. The similarities and differences between the present findings and previous reports are discussed, as are the limitations and implications of the present study. Recommendations for future work are made. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Trial  Partial Dismantling  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. Dworkin, M. (2006, June). El cuestionario EMDR v.6 de autoconocimiento para clínicos [EMDR v.6 questionnaire for self-awareness for clinicians]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Para comprobar un conocimiento creciente de cómo los estados antiguos y dependientes de memoria pueden ser activados; para poder valorar que es lo que proviene del clínico y qué proviene del cliente; para desarrollar estrategias relacionales de EMDR. Muchos problemas pueden ocurrir en la fase 1 cuando el cliente aporta información que suscita un arousal negativo; o en la fase 2, cuando el cliente tiene dificultades en entender los elementos de preparación o desea avanzar procesando el trauma de forma prematura; o en la fase 3, cuando existe un problema que subyace a la pieza de valoración. Muchas veces la información del cliente puede que no despierte un arousal negativo hasta llegada la fase 4, cuando el cliente está procesando activamente. Muchas veces, nuestros desencadenantes provienen de nuestros recuerdos antiguos. Estos recuerdos pueden ser explicitados; y otras veces siguen implícitos (memoria somatosensorial). Observando estos momentos en uno mismo puede ayudarle en la continuidad de un proceso productivo.

To verify an increased awareness of how ancient states and dependent memory can be activated, in order to evaluate what they from the clinician and what comes from the client to develop relational strategies EMDR. Many problems can occur in phase 1 when the client brings information that raises a negative arousal, or in phase 2, when the client has difficulties understanding the items you want to advance preparation or processing the trauma prematurely, or in phase 3, when there is a problem underlying the piece of assessment. Many times the customer information may not appeal to a negative arousal to arrival phase 4, when the client is actively processing. Many times, our triggers memories from our past. These memories can be made explicit, and sometimes they are implicit (memory somatosensory). Looking at these moments can help yourself in continuity of the production process.

Keywords: Clinicians  Questionnaire  Self-Awareness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. Rosental, V. (2008, Diciembre 16). El método de EMDR: Un cambio de paradigma [The method of EMDR: A paradigm shift]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=454 om 1/4/2009.

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack. The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency. He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack. The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency. He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability Trabajo desde hace años en esta profesión, la psicología, una especialidad que puede ayudar a muchas personas que sufren, que estoy investigando y encontrando nuevas maneras de dar a los pacientes alternativas que conduzcan a un cambio real. En este viaje tuve la oportunidad de explorar el mundo un poco más emocionante de la mente humana a través de un enfoque integrado que cambió mi paradigma de la psicoterapia. Me refiero a EMDR, basado en el modelo de procesamiento de información, una poderosa herramienta para aliviar el sufrimiento de los pacientes que nos consultan a tiempo para mantener sus logros. reprocesamiento de adaptación se lleva a cabo a nivel neurofisiológico que permite a la salud mental.

Working for years in this profession, psychology, a specialty that can help many people suffering, I am researching and finding new ways to give patients alternatives that lead to real change. In this journey I had the opportunity to explore a bit more exciting world of the human mind through an integrated approach that changed my paradigm of psychotherapy. I refer to EMDR, based on the information processing model, a powerful tool to alleviate the suffering of patients who consult us in time sustaining their achievements. Adaptive reprocessing takes place at a neurophysiological level that enables mental health. The letters called EMDR that mean in English: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, which translates as desensitization and reprocessing eye movement. It is a method to work emotional difficulties caused by traumatic events such as war, natural disasters, accidents, assaults, duels unprocessed disturbing childhood experiences as well as phobias, somatic diseases and disorders, anxiety and disruptive behavior.

Keywords: Practice, Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

62. Galvin, M. (2003). EMDR & EP: Accelerating and decelerating strategies. In J. Hartung & M. Galvin, M. (Eds.), EMDR and energy psychology: Combining forces to optimize treatment. New York: Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
A clinician may treat an agoraphobic person in his or her house at first, thereby delaying the additional stimulation, or the more powerful triggers, involved with having to leave home to go to the therapist’s office for the initial sessions.

Keywords: Accelerating Strategies  Decelerating Strategies  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

63. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., Muraoka, M. Y., Saitou, Y., & Saitou, I. (1997). EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) for combat related post-traumatic stress disorder. Japanese Journal of Biofeedback Research, (24), 50-64.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Studied the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Human Ss: 35 male American adults (aged 41-70 yrs) (PTSD) (34 Vietnam War veterans and 1 Korean War veteran). Tests used: The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (D. D. Blake et al, 1995), the restandardized MMPI, the Mississippi Scale for Combat Related PTSD (T. M. Keane et al, 1988), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Impact of Events Scale and the Initial Screening Questionnaire. Treatments: 10 Ss were administered 12 EMDR sessions, 13 Ss were administered 12 sessions of biofeedback and relaxation, and 12 Ss were administered standard treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Combat  Empirical Study  Military  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PSTD  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  War  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

64. Shapiro, F., & Sherwel, C. (2004). EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing): Desensibilizacion y reprocesamiento por medio de moimiento ocular [EMDR (Eye Movement desensitization and reprocessing): Desensitization and reprocessing of eye movement]. México: Pax México.

Language: Spanish

Format: Book

Abstract:
En tan solo unos cuantos años, el modo EMDR se ha convertido en el tratamiento más elaborado para el desorden de estrés postraumático (entre otras perturbaciones). El método EMDR es un tratamiento legítimo y poderoso. Modelo integral y eficiente en el tratamiento de experiencias perturbadoras, el método EMDR incorpora diversos aspectos de terapias sistémicas, psicodinámicas, experienciales, conductuales y corporales. Consiste en ocho fases que comprenden el uso de movimientos oculares y otras formas de estimulación izquierda-derecha. Es eficaz para tratar el desorden de estrés postraumático y reprocesar pensamientos y recuerdos perturbadores o problemas psicológicos de sobrevivientes de traumas, de abuso sexual, de crímenes, de combate bélico, así como de fobias y desórdenes causados por experiencias vivenciales y proporciona en poco tiempo efectos clínicos profundos y estables. Con descripciones y transcripciones detalladas, la autora guía al clínico por cada etapa del tratamiento terapéutico, desde la selección de los clientes hasta la aplicación del método y su integración dentro de un plan integral de tratamiento clínico. Escrito de manera accesible, este libro es una guía invaluable tanto para los clínicos experimentados en el tratamiento EMDR como para las personas que acaban de conocer el método, y para los estudiantes avanzados de psicología clínica y psicoterapia.

In just a few years, how EMDR has become more elaborate treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (in other disturbances). EMDR is a legitimate and powerful treatment. Comprehensive and efficient model in the treatment of disturbing experiences, EMDR incorporates various aspects of systemic therapies, psychodynamic, experiential, behavioral and physical. It consists of eight phases that include the use of eye movements and other forms of left-right stimulation. Is effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and reprocess disturbing thoughts and memories or psychological problems of survivors of trauma, sexual abuse, crimes of war fighting, as well as phobias and disorders caused by life experiences and provides in a short time effects clinical deep and stable. With detailed descriptions and transcripts, the author guides the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, from selection of clients to the application of the method and its integration into a comprehensive clinical treatment. Written in an accessible, this book is an invaluable guide both for experienced clinicians in the EMDR treatment to people who just know the method, and for advanced students of clinical psychology and psychotherapy.

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

65. Herbert, C. (2001, May). EMDR and CBT interweave. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Cognitive interweaves are strategic interventions, whose utilisation relies upon therapist recognition of their necessity at given times during the EMDR procedure, and their effective use requires skilled therapeutic judgement and the introduction of the appropriate clinicianled cognitive material in order to counteract the blocked processing. The use of cognitive interweaves therefore diverges from the established EMDR protocol by introducing therapist generated material rather than just following the clients spontaneously processed material. It will be argued in this presentation that, due to the divergence from the established EMDR protocol, the effective implementation of cognitive interweaves, requires the knowledge of additional therapeutic strategies, predominantly those used in Cognitive Behaviour Therapeutic (CBT) approaches, which may not be readily accessible to EMDR practitioners not trained in this approach. This presentation aims to bridge the gap between the traditionally 'too-heavily protected' territories of CBT and EMDR, by introducing some CBT strategies, such as 'Socratic Questioning (Padesky, 1993)' or the Cognitive 'Separation of the Past from the Present (Herbert & Wetrnore, 1999'), which might be usefully drawn on, in order to generate effective cognitive interweaves during the use of EMDR. Clinical examples from the presenter's work, as an UKCP Accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and a Level 2 trained EMDR Practitioner, with clients suffering from complex PTSD, will be explored.

Keywords: CBT  CBT Interweave  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Cognitive Interweave  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

66. Eliscu, M.S., Fitzgerald, J., Gomez, A., Bergmann, U., Page, R., Cloud, L., Davis, K., & Janis, K. O. (2010, September/October). EMDR and diversity: A panel presentation discussion. Panel discussion at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The workshop will consist of a panel of EMDR clinicians who work with a particular population of clients with whom the clinician shares a background or heritage or with whom he/she has a deep sense of empathy and understanding. Each presenter will explain how he/she came to work with this population. This will be followed by a response to three questions about using EMDR with a particular population. In addition, presenters will explain what special approaches and adaptations (if any) work to benefit the population they serve. They will also address what unspoken issues may be important in treating each population.

Keywords: Diversity  Panel Discussion  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

67. van der Kolk, B. A. (2003, June). EMDR and the lessons from neuroscience research. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Until recently we had little knowledge how to help people integrate such disintegrated traumatic imprints. Traditionally, before the advent of contemporary methods of treatment outcome evaluation, many clinicians, from Pierre Janet to Milton Erikson and his followers, considered hypnosis to be the treatment of choice. Unfortunately the efficacy of hypnosis for the treatment of PTSD was never systematically studied. EMDR was the first of a group of new therapies that did not primarily rely on speaking about one’s traumatic experiences, but that claimed to be able to rapidly and effectively integrate traumatic memories by asking PTSD subjects to focus intensely on the emotions, sensations and meaning of the traumatic experience, while asking to follow the hand of a clinician who induces slow saccadic eye movements. EMDR had a number of advantages over hypnosis, including the fact that it could easily be put into a treatment protocol. This makes it relatively easy to conduct treatment outcome research. Since it was first articulated by Francine Shapiro, around 1988, it has received intense scientific scrutiny and has been found to be quite an effective treatment of PTSD (e.g. Chemtob et. al, 2000), even though the specific role of eye movements in its therapeutic action remains controversial.

Keywords: Neuroscience  Plenary  Research  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

68. Shapiro, F. (2002, December). EMDR and the role of the clinician in psychotherapy evaluation:  Towards a more comprehensive integration of science and practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1453-1463. doi:10.1002/jclp.10104.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that has been consistently evaluated as efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. The information processing model that guides its clinical application posits that EMDR should be effective in treating other psychological disorders that have experiential contributors. Research is needed to assess such applications. This special issue features three case series in which EMDR was applied to the treatment of complex PTSD, phobias, and chronic pain, respectively. The authors discuss deficits in the research literature, provide preliminary data on EMDR treatment of these conditions, and offer descriptive guidelines for evaluation that are achievable by the practicing clinician. Two additional articles offer preliminary data on physiological and cognitive/affective concomitants of therapeutic change. It is argued that clinicians should play a greater role in the rigorous and extensive examination of psychological treatments in the context of the exigencies of clinical practice. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Assessment  Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  EVT  Integration  Pain  Phobia  PTSD  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

69. Nickerson, M. (2008, June). EMDR and the treatment for angry and violent behaviours. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will assist the EMDR clinician to more effectively treat angry and violent behaviour. It will include an initial review of the prevalence, impact and dynamics of the problem. The common cyclical nature of violent acting out will be depicted as well as other characteristics in a spectrum of hostile behaviours including perpetrator state and trait issues. Current non-EMDR clinical approaches and the evolving field of domestic violence will be reviewed to aid the EMDR clinician in skilfully integrating into existing clinical contexts and to appreciate the unique capacities of EMDR. The primary focus of the workshop will be on special considerations in the successfully tailored use of the 8-Phase Treatment approach. Clients with problematic anger or violent behaviour present many challenges for the often undertrained clinician and commonly avoid, resist and manipulate treatment or drop out prematurely. Keys to successful clinical engagement, risk assessment and case formulation will be highlighted as critical to early phases of treatment. A metaphor based guide to case formulation will be presented and a decision-tree style flow chart will be offered to inform treatment planning including determining client readiness for trauma processing. EMDR offers the potential for desensitizing the trauma that often drives violent behaviour. Considerations in the identification, prioritization and sequencing of targets for processing will be outlined. This will include use of the cycle of violence model for target identification. Multiple clinical examples will be offered to illuminate points including video taped case material.

Keywords: Anger  Violence  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

70. Rogers, S. M. (2008, June). EMDR and the treatment of combat trauma. Keynote at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
From the first days of its development, EMDR was applied to those suffering from the trauma of war. As EMDR pioneers worked with this population, the unique features of resolving combat-related PTSD rapidly became clear. These features included not only the complexity of the symptoms, issues, and the involvement of other life experiences but included also the particular skills, knowledge, and attitudes needed of the clinician. In the area of research, while the population of survivors with warrelated PTSD steadily and unfortunately has grown, research has not kept pace. This has resulted not only in deficits of the scientific support for EMDR but has contributed to challenges to the use of EMDR with combat veterans.

Keywords: Combat  Keynote  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

71. Nickerson, M. (2007, September). EMDR and treatment for angry and violent behaviors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Much can be gained as the EMDR clinician develops sharper awareness of the dynamics of angry and violent “acting out” behavior. An AIP informed approach can aid in case formulation with these issues and lead to accelerated client gain. The cyclical nature of violence will be depicted, as well as other common characteristics in a spectrum of hostile behaviors, including perpetrator state and trait issues. The presentation will demonstrate ways in which EMDR processing can work in conjunction with widely used cognitive-behavioral interventions and, with careful target selection, offer opportunities for desensitization of the trauma that often drives them. Discussion will highlight advantages of an EMDR approach in minimizing problematic transferential issues with “resistant” clients. Theory and practice will be illuminated by a case presentation and clinical anecdotes. Graphic, user-friendly therapeutic tools will be offered. Implications for the use of this model in treating other cyclical “acting out” behaviors will be explored.

Keywords: Anger  Violence  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

72. Eimer, B.N. (1995). EMDR applications for pain management:  An EMDR clinician's basic manual. Philadelphia, PA:  The Behavior Therapy Center.

Language: English

Format: Other

Keywords: Chronic Pain  Pain  Pain Management  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

73. Forester, D. (2012, October). EMDR boot camp: An intensive refresher course. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This is an EMDR skills refresher course designed for clinicians who have not had the ability to practice EMDR. This course is perfect for the clinician who took some time off following EMDR Basic Training or would like some hands on practice to build technical competence. Build confidence through a review of the AIP model, the 8 phases and 3 prong approach followed by a guided practicum experience to build your proficiency. With EMDR Boot Camp you will get a personal, hands on experience that will activate your Adaptive Information Processing and allow you to practice EMDR with confidence.

Keywords: Refresher Course  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

74. Manfield, P. (2010, June). EMDR clinical skills: Dyadic resourcing. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop introduces 'dyadic resourcing,' a form of resourcing designed to facilitate the processing of very early trauma with severely deprived clients, including those with attachment disorders. The goal of this process is to help a client connect affectively to the experience of being in a nurturing relationship Through this process clients experience both roles, the role of the adult who loves them and the role of the child who is lovable and loved. These roles become increasingly real to them and clients come away with access to a loving non-judgmental view of themselves as a child. Clients whose original trauma was a result of or exacerbated by a lack of a strong connection to a nurturing caregiver will benefit from a variety of resources, but the resource that is essential is access to a secure internal nurturing relationship, which this process provides. This procedure is particularly useful for clients who think they were bad or worthless as children, who think the abuse or neglect they suffered chronically was deserved, who are overwhelmed by the intensity of their pain from early childhood experiences, or who cannot view their child selves in an accepting nurturing way. In other words, this type of resourcing is ideal for some of the most difficult EMDR clients, and helps to prepare them for trauma processing. Once developed, these resources allow the EMDR clinician to utilize cognitive interweaves in which the adult client is able to support the child self. Dyadic resourcing is typically a five step process: identifying a nurturing adult resource, make the resource real for the client, formulating a parent-child relationship involving the resource, intensify the client's experience of that relationship, and helping the client to have the experience of both the child and adult in the resource dyad. This workshop will address each of these steps, covering the basic principles and processes central to this form of resourcing. The process will be illustrated using clinical videos, transcripts, and a live demonstration. Techniques borrowed from Eidetic Psychotherapy, Neuro-Linguistic Programming, Gestalt Therapy, hypnotic phrasing and other disciplines will be addressed Links to free downloadable explanatory material from the presenter's book. EMDR Clinical Skills: Case Conceptualization and Dyadic re^ sourcing will be offered for those interested in sharpening their skills in this useful resourcing approach. Learning objectives: Participants will be able to - Explain why cognitive Interweaves are often not helpful to clients with attachment disorders -List 15 possible sources of resource figures - List 8 techniques that can be used to help a client feel more intensely connected to a resource. - Describe 4 indications that clients are NOT assuming an outside observer role and are instead overly identifying with their child selves.

Keywords: Dyadic Resourcing  Keynote  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

75. Dworkin, M. (2006, September). The EMDR clinician and the challenging client:  How to improve relational responsiveness. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This experientially based workshop will address clinician issues with clients who are challenging to work with, both before and during an EMDR session. Participants will develop greater awareness of these mornents and learn strategies to overcome potentla1 moments of misattunements. These strategies will include parts of the Procedural Steps Outline in preparation for anticipated problems; applied R/D/I strategies for compartmentalizing activated clinician state dependent moments in session; and using a variation of cognitive interweave when an interruption of the flow of states between clinician and client temporarily ruptures contingent collaborative communication. "The Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire" will be introduced as a method of enhancing these awarenesses. Participants are invited to bring their most challenging cases to work on.

Keywords: Challenging Client  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

76. EMDR Dissociation Task Force. (1994). EMDR Dissociation Task Force position paper. EMDR Institute, Pacific Grove, CA.

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Ths paper will offer general guidelines in the application of EMDR with the dissociative disorders, with paramount concern for client day. The intended audience is the established clinician who is new to the diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders. The paper is not intended to define standards of care or specific training requirements or cenfication guidelines. Further, it is not intended to supercede expert clinical judgment, or training in dissociative disorders or hypnosis.

Keywords: Dissociation  Position Paper  Task Force  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

77. Hartung, J. (2007, Novembero). EMDR e Psicologia de la Energía [EMDR and the psychology of energy]. Pós-Conferência presentación en el Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasilia, Brasil.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
John Hartung, Psy.D. tem trabalhado há mais de dez anos em 25 países como clínico e treinador de EMDR. Defende o uso do EMDR para eliminação de sintomas assim como para o aprimoramento do pensamento, emoções e comportamentos positivos. John tem observado que a aplicação do EMDR pode avançar se outras estratégias forem utilizadas em conjunto com EMDR, tais como aquelas idealizadas para a contenção de emoções intensas (“ab-reações”), que ocorrem freqüentemente no EMDR. Com o aumento da contenção emocional, certos riscos vinculados ao emprego do EMDR por profissionais também são reduzidos: 1) EMDR pode ser utilizado com populações mais vulneráveis e que tradicionalmente tem sido excluídas do tratamento com esta abordagem, e 2) os terapeutas têm menor relutância em expandir o seu alcance. Entre as estratégias e táticas a serem discutidas e apresentadas neste workshop estão: respiração terapêutica e parassimpática, treinamento em coerência cardíaca da tradição Heartmath, métodos baseados na medicina chinesa, e métodos especiais para o uso de estimulação bilateral do EMDR de forma mais lenta e menos intensa.

John Hartung, Psy.D. has worked for more ten years in 25 countries as an EMDR clinician and trainer. Advocates the use of EMDR for disposal of symptoms as well as for the improvement of thought, emotions and behaviors positive. John has observed that the application EMDR can move forward if other strategies are used in conjunction with EMDR, such as those envisioned for the containment of emotions intense ("ab-reactions") that occur frequently in EMDR. With increasing emotional restraint, certain risks linked to use of EMDR professionals are also reduced: 1) EMDR can be used with vulnerable populations and has traditionally been excluded from treatment with this approach, and 2) the therapists are less reluctant to expand their reach. Among the strategies and tactics to be discussed and presented in this workshop are: breathing therapy and parasympathetic training in cardiac coherence of tradition HeartMath, methods based in medicine Chinese, and special methods for the use of bilateral stimulation of EMDR more slow and less intense.

Keywords: Energy Psychology  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

78. Arnone, R., Orrico, A., D'Aquino, G., & Di Munzio, W. (2012, March-April). EMDR e terapia psicofarmacologica nel trattamento del disturbo da stress post-traumatico [EMDR and psychopharmacological therapy in the treatment of the post-traumatic stress disorder]. Rivista di Psichiatria, 47(Supplement 1), 8-11. doi:10.1708/1071.11732.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Questo studio si propone di valutare l’efficacia di due diversi trattamenti nella cura del disturbo da stress post-traumatico (PTSD): la terapia psicofarmacologica, attraverso l’utilizzo di serotoninergici, e l’EMDR. Metodo. Sono stati utilizzati due gruppi indipendenti ai quali venivano somministrati due trattamenti differenti: il trattamento con sertralina per il gruppo assegnato alla terapia psicofarmacologica; il trattamento con sedute monosettimanali di EMDR per l’altro gruppo. Per la valutazione dei sintomi del PTSD è stata utilizzata la Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). L’assegnazione dei soggetti ai due gruppi è stata randomizzata. Risultati. I risultati confermano precedenti studi riportati in letteratura, evidenziando l’efficacia sia dell’EMDR sia della sertralina nel migliorare la sintomatologia post-traumatica e i livelli di sofferenza soggettiva. Tuttavia il numero di soggetti che al termine della condizione sperimentale non rientrava più nei criteri diagnostici del PTSD è risultato nettamente superiore nel gruppo trattato con EMDR. Conclusioni. Data la differenza nei due gruppi, a favore di quello trattato con EMDR, del numero di soggetti che possono essere considerati responder e che, come tali, non soddisfano più i criteri del PTSD al termine della condizione sperimentale, possiamo affermare che l’ipotesi per cui l’EMDR è un trattamento più efficace rispetto al trattamento psicofarmacologico è stata confermata. Questo dato potrebbe stimolare ricerche future con campioni più numerosi che indaghino anche l’efficacia a lungo termine.

This study evaluates the efficacy of two different treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the psychopharmacological therapy, with a SSRI drug, and EMDR. Method. Two indipendent groups have been administered two different treatments: the treatment with sertraline to the group for psychopharmacological therapy; the treatment with one-week sessions of EMDR to the other group. For the evaluation of the symptoms of PTSD has been used the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). The inclusion of the subjects in the two groups has been absolutely random. Results. The results confirm previous studies available in literature, pointing out the efficacy of EMDR and of sertraline in improving the post-traumatic symptomatology and the levels of subjective sufference. But the number of subjects which at the end of the study didn't satisfy any more the criteria for PTSD has been absolutely greater in the group treated with EMDR. Conclusions. The study confirms the hypothesis of EMDR as a more efficacious treatment for PTSD compared to psychopharmacological therapy. This result could be a stimolous for further research with greater groups to investigate also the long term efficacy.

Keywords: CAPS  Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale  Efficiacy  PTSD, Sertraline  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

79. Shapiro, F., & Broderson, G. (1997). EMDR for trauma: Eye movement desenitization and reprocessing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a complex treatment approach that combines salient elements of the major therapeutic schools (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and interactional). Although the eye movement stimulation (and other forms of dual stimulation used in the approach) have garnered the most attention professionally and publicly, EMDR actually involves a much broader spectrum of interventions, which are organized into eight phases of therapy. Currently, 13 completed controlled studies of EMDR make it one of the most researched methods of psychotherapy used in the treatment of trauma. Its efficacy has been supported by these studies: the four most recent studies of victims who have suffered single traumas have demonstrated that after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions, 84% to 90% of patients no longer have symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Rothbaum, 1997; Wilson, Becker, & Tinker, 1995).
EMDR is based on the assumption that specific experiences from the past continue to guide the client`s responses in the present. These experiences can be the "big T" traumas that result in PTSD or the "small t" traumas that are the ubiquitous experiences known to have a less dramatic but still negative impact on personality and behavior.
To influence such experiences from the past, EMDR draws on an information processing model of behavior. Conceptually, disturbing trauma-related information is believed to be held in the patient`s nervous system in state-dependent form (e.g., the perceptions and sensations experienced at the time of the trauma are encoded in the nervous system). EMDR allows the processing of this information in an adaptive fashion so that what is useful from the experience can be learned; stored appropriately, cognitively, and affectively; and made available for behavioral guidance in the future. What is useless to adaptation, such as excess negative emotions, irrational self-assessments, and disturbing physical sensations, can be discarded.
Assessment is focused not on global diagnoses but rather on specific delineations of problematic behaviors, attitudes, and affects that need to be transmuted to allow for adaptive resolution of trauma or conflict. Specifically, the EMDR clinician asks, what is the patient being influenced by past experiences to do in the present that is dysfunctional and what is he or she prevented from doing that would be adaptive?
Although originally applied to PTSD, EMDR shows promise in a variety of clinical complaints that are based on earlier life experiences that underlie the pathology and current experiences and that restimulate the disturbance. EMDR allows clients to access and reprocess these experiences as well as to learn new skills and behaviors for managing future life events. In all cases, the goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while helping the client to remain reasonably stable.
EMDR as an eight-phase intervention approach can be considered a complete treatment in some clinical cases, or it may be part of a more complex treatment plan that includes other more traditional approaches to treating a specific pathology (e.g., borderline personality disorder). Within this latter integrative context, EMDR appears to be useful for a broad range of clinical complaints and seems to provide more rapid achievement of positive treatment effects than do these more traditional approaches alone.
Dr. Shapiro identifies her approach as "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing." What does this imply to you? More specifically, what do you expect of her? Will Dr. Shapiro be active or passive? Will the session be structured or unstructured? Directive or nondirective? Will it focus on the past or on the present? Will the session focus on behaviors, on thoughts, or on feelings? What do you expect to be the relative balance between attention to technique versus the interpersonal interaction?

Keywords: Client  Francine Shapiro  Male  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

80. Blore, D. (2004, February). EMDR for workplace trauma. Presentation at the 2nd annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Birmingham, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Industrial use of EMDR requires an understanding of the subtleties of multi-relationship working, it is not just about clinical change, but about commerce, efficiency and secondary agendas - and there are frequently dilemmas....This paper aims to solve some of the issues that arise when an EMDR clinician leaves the relative 'protection' of the NHS and uses EMDR in the 'real world' of commerce and industry. As such, this paper extends some of the principles discussed in the original paper: 'EMDR and the Workplace...helpful hints for the practitioner. The author starts by pointing our that Industry is not psychologically minded and that others' perceptions and agendas may be at odds with 'purest clinical objectives.' When using EMDR, this means modifying and stressing certain parts of the basic EMDR protocol. The remainder of the paper goes through the EMDR phases and identifies each change.

Keywords: Trauma  Workplace  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

81. Dworkin, M. (2003, September). EMDR from the heart: A relational view of healing traumatic memories. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many memories, explicit and implicit, and their concomitant sensations, are stimulated intersubjectively, spontaneously, and continuously, forming a multiplicity of feedback loops from clinician to client. This workshop 1s designed to raise the awareness of the clinician's witting and unwitting participation in these processes. Transferential remarks may become sources of potential targeting, which may spontaneously bring the client back to old unfinished material. Somatosensory countertransferential reactions may serve as sources of rich data to identify and work out blocks at a moment that a session seems to stall. The Relational Interweave, a relatively new intersubjective strategy, takes reactions of clinician and client into account and opens opportuntities for new and more powerful links to positive neural networks enhancing the work. This workshop will teach rapid methods of identifying and sequencing and intervening in these intersubjective processes.

Keywords: Relational Interweave  Relational Strategies  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

82. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., & Muroaka, M. Y. (1995, June). EMDR in combat-related PTSD: A controlled study. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In view of potential, but largely undocumented benefits of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an intervention for PTSD in combat veterans, in our laboratory a study of EMDR treatment included (1) randomized patient assignment, (2) clinically appropriate comparison (treatment and control) groups, (3) a 12-session EMDR protocol administered by experienced, EMDR trained clinicians, and (4) extensive clinical assessment, including physiological evaluation at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Thirty-five veterans who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD completed an extensive multimodal assessment protocol. Assessment instruments included: The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, the Impact of Events Scale (IES), the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), a self-rating of overall severity of "PTSD symptoms," the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI). In addition, each subject completed a Stressful Scene Construction Questionnaire (SSCQ) in which scripts of specific traumatic combat incidents were prepared for presentation during psychophysiological assessment. Following pre-assessment, a subset of the subjects constituted a waiting list control (CON, N = 12). Routine clinical care for these subjects was available at the VA Medical Center. Seven of these subjects also participated in group sessions for discussion of PTSD designed as an attentional control. There were no differences between the two control subgroups and their data was combined for all subsequent analyses. For the treatment groups, subjects assigned to the EMDR (EMD, N = 10) and relaxation (RXT, N = 13) groups were seated in a semi-reclined chair and continuous measures were taken of muscle tension levels (four sites), hand temperature, skin conductance levels, heart rate, and blood pressure. For all subjects, there were 20 minutes in each of the baseline sessions with no additional stimuli presented. At the end of session 2 of baseline, the patients remained in the experimental room and were assessed for an additional 20 minutes (pre-treatment) during which the SSCQ scripts also were presented. There were two sessions per week with a minimum of one day between sessions. Each subsequent treatment session for the EMD and RXT subjects was approximately 60 minutes in duration, allowing for set-up time and briefing. In the EMD group, a standard protocol for the EMDR interventions was administered, including periodic SUDS ratings and VoC scaling of combat and related images and cognitions (cf Shapiro, 1995). In the RXT group, home relaxation tapes and biofeedback on four sites (face, neck, arm, and back) to assist lowered muscle tension were provided. Following 12 treatment sessions (post-treatment), and again after three months (follow-up) the psychometric instruments and psychophysiological assessment were readministered using the format outlined above. Relative to the other conditions, the EMDR treatment produced substantially more positive clinical effects at post-treatment and follow-up. Comparing the EMD group to the CON group, significant effects (p<.05 or better) were obtained on measures of PTSD including the Mississippi and PTSD symptoms self-rating, and on the Beck and STAI-Trait. Comparing the EMD group to the RXT subjects, significant differences were found on the Mississippi, the IES-Intrusion scale, the CAPS, PTSD symptoms ratings, and the STAI-Trait scale. No differences were obtained on any of the physiological measures. Therefore, the present results support the effectiveness of EMDR with combat veterans with chronic PTSD. The data strongly suggest that some previous negative results obtained when EMDR was applied to chronic and severe combat PTSD may have resulted from methodological artifacts, such as inadequate amount of treatment and therapist inexperience. While the failure to find physiological effects is consistent with results of other controlled treatment exposure trials in PTSD, this finding raises clinical and conceptual questions with respect to the arousal component of the disorder.

Keywords: Combat  Controlled Study  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

83. van den Berg, D. P. G. (2011, August-September). EMDR in patients with psychotic disorders and PTSD: A pilot study. In PTSD in patients with psychotic disorders. Symposium conducted at the 41st EABCT Annual Congress, Reykjavík, Iceland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introduction: Mueser at al. (2008) showed that a treatment program that was predominantly based on cognitive restructuring was effective and safe in treating PTSD in patients with Serious Mental Illness. However, only 15.7% of the participants in this study had a psychotic disorder. Frueh et al. (2009) conducted a pilot study into PTSD treatment in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (n=20). At three month follow-up twelve out of thirteen completers no longer met criteria for PTSD. Treatment caused no adverse events. Unfortunately psychosis measures were not included in this study. A third therapy with strong empirical support for its efficacy in treating PTSD is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR, Bisson et al., 2007; Bradley, Greene, Russ, Dutra, & Westen, 2005; Seidler & Wagner, 2006). In this presentation the results of a feasibility trial (n=27) of EMDR in patients with psychosis and comorbid PTSD will be presented. Method: An open pilot trial of EMDR in treating PTSD symptoms in participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or an other psychotic disorder. Participants were all outpatients from community mental health centres in the Netherlands. After referral to the study patients were screened for PTSD with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS, Blake et al., 1990). If PTSD was diagnosed baseline measurements were performed after which an informed consent was obtained. Treatment consisted of a maximum of six weekly EMDR sessions, after which post measurements were taken. Results: EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD symptoms. Out of the 25 completers, only 7 still met criteria for PTSD at post measurement. Treatment did not result in adverse events. In fact, other symptoms, such as delusions, auditory verbal hallucinations, anxiety and depression decreased significantly, e.g. only four out of the nine participants that reported voices at baseline still reported voices at end of treatment. Conclusions: The preliminary conclusion is that treating PTSD in patients suffering from psychosis with EMDR is feasible, is safe and has a positive influence on other symptoms.

Keywords: Pilot Study  Postraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Psychotic Disorders  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

84. Puk, G. (2008, September). EMDR master series - II. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patients experiencing severe and repeated psychological trauma are among the most complicated patients to be treated in psychotherapy. Their treatment tends to be a multi-faceted approach of which EMDR is only one part, albeit a very important component. The objectives of the presentation are to assist the treating clinician in identifying the self-regulation deficits and degree of dissociation of their patients, as well as conceptualizing and implementing an effective treatment plan for the patient. This will include integrating the traditional three-stage model (stabilization, trauma processing and integration) of working with multiply-traumatized patients with the EMDR eight phase treatment model. Emphasis will be placed on stabilization, identifying when your patient is ready to begin trauma processing, as well as pacing the trauma work and managing clinical challenges during EMDR sessions. Clinical case material will be discussed in depth to illustrate the above.

Keywords: Master Series  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

85. Zangwill, W. (2004, September). EMDR master series– I. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montréal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many therapists erroneously think of EMDR as the phase of treatment involving eye movements or other forms of bilateral stimulation. EMDR treatment begins the moment there is contact between client and clinician. From first contact, to target assessment, from bilateral stimulation to reevaluation, effective EMDR processing depends on a case formulation that enables the clinician to vary EMDR implementation depending on the client's underlying issues and maladaptive coping strategies. Using discussion, videotapes and live demonstration, this presentation will provide the EMDR clinician with an increased ability to recognize and target both the clients' painful memories and their underlying blocking beliefs. In every aspect of EMDR, from developing a therapeutic relationship to choosing targets, from obtaining negative and positive cognitions to developing cognitive interweaves, and even knowing when to restart bilateral stimulation, developing and using a conceptual framework will enable the EMDR clinician to provide much more effective treatment.

Keywords: Master Series  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

86. Zangwill, W., & Britt, V. (2006, September). The EMDR therapist as case consultant. Presentataion at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
As EMDR's reputation for powerful and effective treatment grows, EMDR clinicians are increasingly being asked to provide services as consulting or adjunct therapists. These consultations can be intensely productive and stimulating if done properly; they can also be counterproductive if not. This workshop will provide the consulting therapist with specific techniques for ethical and effective treatment of the patient and guidelines for working with the primary therapist. It will include: 1) setting realistic goals with both the patient and the primary therapist; 2) exploring the eight phases of EMDR treatment from a consulting perspective; 3) understanding the ethical issues concerned with this type of treatment; 4) dealing with treatment implications such as splitting and transference; 5) how to avoid common pitfalls such as judging the primary clinician's performance; and 6) the satisfaction of developing an ongolng productive, collegial relationships. The workshop will provide a step-by-step framework for consultation work, clear case examples and didactic information woven into a lively interactive format.

Keywords: Case Consultation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

87. Forgash, C. (2009, August). An EMDR treatment approach to addressing health problems of complex trauma survivors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: In this workshop, the EMDR clinician will learn how to deal with the effects of trauma, PTSD, illness, and chronic pain often suffered by complex trauma clients. Participants will understand how these issues interfere with access to healthcare and successful treatment. This workshop will demonstrate how to help the client avoid retraumatization in healthcare settings, by teaching interventions within the preparation phase for management of dissociation and affective problems, as well as PTSD symptoms. Clinicians will learn how to develop connections between present health problems (chronic illness, pain) and earlier trauma, to develop specific EMDR targets for reprocessing. This workshop will emphasize skills development and future template work.

Keywords: Health Problems  Trauma Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

88. Bossini, L., Tavanti, M., & Costrogiovanni, P. (2008, June). EMDR treatment for PTSD: Effect on hippocampal volume. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Animal and human subjects studies have shown that psychotropic drugs promote hippocampus neurogenesis and block or modulate the effects of stress on the hippocampus. However, the only study that has investigated the effects of psychotherapy on hippocampus volume failed to show any volumetric increase (1). Purpose of the Study: Aim of the study is to assess the effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment on hippocampal volume and on PTSD symptoms in ten drug-free patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Methods Used: First, we have compared hippocampal volumes of 10 drug-free patients with chronic PTSD to 10 case-matched non-PTSD comparison subjects. PTSD diagnosis and severity were established by the administration the Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (CAPS) (Phase 1). Second, we have assessed the effect of three months of EMDR treatment on hippocampal volumes and on PTSD symptoms of 10 outpatients with PTSD (Phase 2). Results: Phase 1 -A p less than .05 was chosen to indicate statistical significance. The results showed that patients had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes at baseline compared to the control subjects. Phase 2 - EMDR treatment resulted in a significant increase of right and left hippocampal volumes and in a significantly decrease of CAPS total score. Conclusions: The first part of this study confirmed that PTSD patients have smaller hippocampal volumes if compared to comparison subjects. The second part suggests that EMDR treatment is associated with a significant improvement of PTSD symptoms and an increase in hippocampal volumes.

Keywords: Hippocampal Volume  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

89. Konuk, A. (2010, June). EMDR treatment of chronic daily headache and migraine. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chronic headache is a prevalent clinical problem which affects negatively the majority of the population. The most common type of headache is migraine and tension headache. These can decrease the functioning and the quality of life of people who suffer from headaches in different contexts as work, family, school and social life. In addition, a lot of psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety are seen or occur in people who have headaches. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) on Chronic Daily Headache and Migraine. Within this framework there are three goals, one of which is to measure the efficiency of EMDR treatment on chronic headache population. The second one is to develop an EMDR Headache Protocol so that the treatment is standardized and will be used, revised and updated by researchers and clinicians in the future. The third one IS to find an answer to the question: How long does it take to treat a headache? That is, to determine the minimum and maximum sessions necessary for the treatment. Method: The study is carried out at Gaziosmanpa,sa Hospital Neurology Department in Istanbul with 11 Turkish patients who had suffered from chronic daily headache and migraine. The sample of this study consisted of 9 women and 2 males. Results: The results demonstrated that the frequency, the intensity and the duration of headaches were reduced by using EMDR Also it was shown that the number of emergency visits and the amount of painkillers used were decreased. The study will be explained in more detail and the results will be discussed during the presentation. Our learning objectives are: 1. to gain theoretical information about the rationale of using EMDR in treatment of chronic headache and migraine 2. to gain empirical information about the efficacy of this treatment and 3. to discuss the EMDR Headache Protocol as well as the number of sessions necessary for the treatment. In previous studies, EMDR has been found to be efficient in the treatment of chronic pain. Nevertheless, there was a gap in the literature regarding the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of chronic daily headache and migraine. The novelties that are provided by this current study are 1. It may be an alternative treatment for chronic headache and migraine in the future 2. although the research question needs further investigation, it is the first empirical study which examines the effectiveness of this treatment.

Keywords: Headache  Medical Issues  Migraine  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

90. Konuk, E., & Epozdemir, H. (2011, June). EMDR treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The prevalence of chronic migraine headache in western societies ranges between 12-24% for women and 5-12% for men. In Turkey, about 21% of women and 11% of men suffer from migraine. It is one of the most disabling problems that a person can have. Pharmacological treatment and behavioral interventions are the most widely used approaches for migraine. The term ‘chronic’ implies that the problem is not solvable. In this case it means that although pharmacological treatments and behavioral interventions meaningfully reduce the pain for some of the patients, there remains a population of headache sufferers who get large amounts of medicine, have to go to the emergency room frequently because of too much pain prolonged over many hours and at times days. Furthermore, some medications have moderate to severe adverse effects or contraindicate with clients’ existing conditions. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that was developed to reduce or eliminate the symptoms resulting from unresolved traumatic memories. Recently EMDR treatment has provided promising results in alleviating chronic pain and increasing sufferers’ psychological wellbeing. Research pointing out the neurobiological similarities found in patients who suffers PTSD and chronic pain, encouraged many clinician and researcher to explore the utilization of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. We developed the EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in order to obtain and maintain a high level of treatment fidelity and stick to scientific rigor and as a guide for future research. In collaboration with a public hospital in Turkey, we conducted a pilot study with chronic migraine patients diagnosed also as having chronic daily headache. The study continues with an enlarged sample and the present analyses revealed that there was a significant decrease in the frequency, the duration and the strength of the headaches of patients treated with the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol. Besides, the number of the Emergency Care visits and the amount of medication taken were also decreased significantly in patients treated with EMDR. Learning objectives: The major aim of this workshop, is to present to the participants, how to use The EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol in the treatment of patients diagnosed as having both Chronic Migraine and Chronic Daily Headache (CDH). Participants will gain detailed information about how to use EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in emergency cases too. There will be DVD recordings of sessions demonstrating how to intervene a migraine attack during a session and also how the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol is used for the treatment of chronic migraine headache.

Keywords: Headache  Migraine  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

91. Konuk, E., Epozdemir, H., & Haciomeroglu, S. (2012, June). EMDR treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache [Tratamiento de migrañas y cefalea diaria y crónica con EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The prevalence of chronic migraine headache in western societies ranges between 12-­‐24% for women and 5-­‐12% for men. In Turkey, about 21% of women and 11% of men suffer from migraine. It is one of the most disabling problems that a person can have. Pharmacological treatment and behavioral interventions are the most widely used approaches for migraine. The term ‘chronic’ implies that the problem is not solvable. In this case it means that although pharmacological treatments and behavioral interventions meaningfully reduce the pain for some of the patients, there remains a population of headache sufferers who get large amounts of medicine, have to go to the emergency room frequently because of too much pain prolonged over many hours and at times days. Furthermore, some medications have moderate to severe adverse effects or contraindicate with clients’ existing conditions. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that was developed to reduce or eliminate the symptoms resulting from unresolved traumatic memories. Recently EMDR treatment has provided promising results in alleviating chronic pain and increasing sufferers’ psychological wellbeing. Research pointing out the neurobiological similarities found in patients who suffers PTSD and chronic pain, encouraged many clinician and researcher to explore the utilization of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. We developed the EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in order to obtain and maintain a high level of treatment fidelity and stick to scientific rigor and as a guide for future research. In collaboration with a public hospital in Turkey, we conducted a pilot study with chronic migraine patients diagnosed also as having chronic daily headache. The study continues with an enlarged sample and the present analyses revealed that there was a significant decrease in the frequency, the duration and the strength of the headaches of patients treated with the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol. Besides, the number of the Emergency Care visits and the amount of medication taken were also decreased significantly in patients treated with EMDR. The major aim of this workshop, is to present to the participants, how to use The EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol in the treatment of patients diagnosed as having both Chronic Migraine and Chronic Daily Headache (CDH). Participants will gain detailed information about how to use EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in emergency cases too. There will be DVD recordings of sessions demonstrating how to intervene a migraine attack during a session and also how the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol is used for the treatment of chronic migraine headache. The assessment tools used for the project will be given to participants as hand outs

La prevalencia de migraña crónica en las sociedades occidentales oscila entre el 12-­‐24% entre las mujeres y el 5-­‐12% en los hombres. En Turquía, alrededor del 21% de las mujeres y 11% de los hombres sufren jaquecas. Es una de las dolencias más discapacitantes que se pueda tener. Los tratamientos más habituales para tratar las migrañas son de tipo farmacológico e intervenciones conductuales. El término ‘crónico’ implica que el problema no tiene solución. En este caso, significa que aunque los tratamientos farmacológicos y conductuales reducen el dolor significativamente en algunos pacientes, sigue habiendo una población de individuos que sufren cefaleas y que reciben grandes cantidades de medicamentos, que tienen que acudir a urgencias con frecuencia debido a que sufren demasiado dolor que se prolonga durante muchas horas y, en ocasiones, días. Es más, algunos fármacos tienen efectos secundarios entre moderados y graves o cuyas contraindicaciones incluyen afecciones que padecen los clientes. La desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares (EMDR) supone un planteamiento psicoterapéutico integral desarrollado para reducir o eliminar los síntomas que son consecuencia de recuerdos traumáticos sin resolver. Hace poco, se ha visto que el tratamiento con EMDR ha logrado resultados prometedores en el alivio del dolor crónico y que aumenta el bienestar psicológico de las personas afectadas. Las investigaciones que señalan las similitudes neurobiológicas detectadas entre los pacientes que sufren TEPT y los que padecen el dolor crónico han animado a muchos clínicos e investigadores a explorar el empleo de EMDR en el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Hemos desarrollado el protocolo de EMDR para tratar la migraña crónica para conseguir y mantener un alto nivel de fidelidad terapéutico y para mantener el rigor científico, además de para que sirva para orientar la investigación en el futuro. En colaboración con un hospital público en Turquía, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio piloto en pacientes con un diagnóstico de migraña crónica diaria. El estudio sigue en curso con una muestra ampliada y los análisis actuales han mostrado que ha habido una disminución significativa en la frecuencia, duración e intensidad de las cefaleas de los pacientes tratados con el protocolo de EMDR para tratar la cefalea crónica. Es más, el número de visitas a urgencias y la cantidad de fármacos administrados también se redujo de forma significativa en los pacientes tratados con EMDR.

Keywords: Headaches  Migraines  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

92. Rouanzoin, C. (2011, August). EMDR update and refresher course. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is for any clinician who has received the Basic Training in EMDR through an EMDRIA-Approved Training. The workshop will review and update information on: AIP case conceptualization; the 8 phases of EMDR treatment; developing the Target Sequencing Plan; the three prongs of EMDR treatment; and the use of cognitive interweave for stuck processing. The participants will also have an opportunity to improve their skills in the use of Floatbacks and Affect Scans. A practicum experience will help further consolidate these concepts.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing  AIP  Case Conceptualization  Refresher  Update  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

93. Murray, K. (2012). EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(4), 187-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.4.1.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
“Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’ day-today practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are followed with a comprehensive discussion.

Keywords: Bridging Research  Grief  Mourning  Practice  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

94. Romain, L. B.-S. (2013). EMDR with recurrent “flash-forwards:“ Reflections on Engelhard et al.'s 2011 study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 106-111. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
“Translating Research Into Practice“ is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of the study, followed by the clinician's description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists' day-to-day practices. In this issue's column, Lisa Bellecci-St. Romain references Engelhard et al.'s (2011) study examining the impact of eye movements on recurrent, intrusive visual images about potential future catastrophes-“flash-forwards.“ Illustrating the findings by Engelhard et al., Bellecci-St. Romain describes the successful use of the EMDR standard protocol in two cases-a woman fearful of returning to work even after past memories are cleared and a young man in early sobriety whose reprocessing of the past is interrupted by concerns of an imminent court appearance. The case examples are followed with a discussion of the importance of recognizing and targeting flash-forwards as present triggers in the three-pronged EMDR standard protocol.

Keywords: Bridging Research and Practice  Eye Movements  Flash-Forward  Intrusive Images  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

95. Herbert, C. (2011, June). EMDR – Practical applications and different treatment protocols for different needs. Presentation at the 7th International Congress of Cognitive Therapy, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced by Shapiro (1989) as a cognitivebehavioural therapy for clients with trauma a little over 20 years ago. After an initial period of intense controversy and scepticism regarding its proclaimed evidence base, EMDR has been studied extensively, its efficacy has been confirmed (Van Etten & Taylor, 1998; Shepherd et al. 2000, Alto, 2001; Davidson & Parker, 2001; Maxfield & Hyer, 2002; Bisson & Andrew, 2005; Bradley, et.al., 2005; Bisson, Ehlers, Matthews, Pilling, Richards, & Turner, 2007) and is one of the effective treatments of PTSD recommended by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) of the UK Department of Health in March 2005. It has been estimated (Farrell & Keenan, 2010) that in the United Kingdom and Ireland approximately 6,000 mental health clinicians have been trained in EMDR. Although studies have evaluated EMDR as a distinct therapeutic modality, during the course of their different levels of EMDR training, clinicians are encouraged to integrate the EMDR treatment protocol into their predominant therapeutic orientation. Thus, EMDR can be used across different psychological therapies, including the Cognitive Psychotherapies. While this makes EMDR a highly versatile modality, it can pose a practical challenge to clinicians in terms of when and how to integrate EMDR into their work with clients. Further, for therapists not trained in EMDR, the concepts may seem strange and scepticism may remain to this date. This workshop seeks to close the gap between false perception and reality about EMDR, by drawing on the facilitator’s 14 years of practical experience in the use and integration of EMDR alongside her work as a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist. This practice-oriented workshop will explore different applications of EMDR across the trauma spectrum, as well as, some treatment protocols for other client problems. The important roles of resource installation and interweaves will be introduced. Several forms of bilateral stimulation (DAS - Dual attention stimulus) and an EMDR-based protocol for the installation of a Safe Place for complex trauma (Herbert, 2002) will be practically demonstrated. Learning Objective • To learn about different EMDR applications both in the treatment of different types of trauma, as well as, other psychological problems. • To alleviate scepticism and encourage understanding on how EMDR can be integrated alongside the Cognitive Psychotherapies. • To gain some practical exposure on how EMDR is applied. Training Modality • Training will be practice-oriented and will include some experiential exercise.

Keywords: Protocols  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

96. Jones, J. (1995, June). EMDR: A candid view from the psychiatrist's couch. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
I will attempt to present an overview of the major psychiatric disorders, some medical and neurologic syndromes and general concepts on how I approach diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Our time will include all this and put special focus on psychpharmacology. The nature and scope of this material will be mostly introductory but i will certainly be open to exploring my topic at greater depth depending the needs of the group present. The audience should be any among you who would likea way to begin organizing you approach to pharmacology and the impact that is having on your practice and the use of EMDR. Licensed clinical social workers, marriage and family counselors and psychologists should especially benefit form the discussion. You can expect to hear about major depression and its variants, bipolar disorder, panic disorder and the general anxiety disorders- some coverage of eating disorders, PTSD and adult attention deficit disorder but in less detail. I shall only touch upon schzophrenia and the psychotic disorders unless you show a special interest. The same is true for medical and neurologic diagnosis which have psychotic sequelas. I shall then to proceed to describe the differences and similarities among the antidepressants following that with a less detailed presentation of anit-anxiety agents, anti-psychotics, lithium and its siblings and a few of the "tried-and-true" substances of abuse like alcohol, stimulants, hallucinogens and narcotics. Please forgive me if I draw the line at designer drugs. This is a vast amount of information. I shall empasize general organizing concepts which will help the clinician who would like to understand some of his/her clients better, know better when to make a referral to a psychiatrist, now some of the potentials and limitations of EMDR when your clients are taking medications and/or have a major psychiatric disorder. Do not come to if you wish to set sail on a sea of psychiatric and medical details - 90 minutes just will not suffice! I will depend on you to speak up at any time with your concerns and queries (not to mention contradictions) so we can tailor the moment to the real interests of those present. I will attempt to reserve a substantial amount of time for question, answers, and observations but, if we are lucky, this will be happening throughout the ninety minutes. If we have time left I will explore the subject of "you and your psychiatrist" with both panache and hubris. We have a reputation for not being the most ingratiating of colleagues. I have a number of suggestions from a psychiatrist perspective which could make it easier to manage (sic) your psychiatrist. I hope we will be able to conclude with some high spirits and as they say here in California, a time for sharing and mutual understanding.

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

97. Horne, B., & Gauvreau, P. (2010, April/May). EMDR: The clinical file as a clinical tool. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will present a simple and specific system for creating a clinical file, which then becomes not just a legal record, but a powerful clinical tool (templates of all forms will be provided, with case illustrations). The AIP-informed conceptual framework for this system of trauma recovery planning will be outlined, with supporting research. Phases 3-8 are only going to be as good as Phases 1 and 2 - the clinician must be able to quickly access clinical information from the file at crucial moments during sessions. This system allows the clinician & client to know exactly where they are at all times. It will help clinicians to improve their clinical work by improving their record-keeping.

Keywords: Clinical File  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

98. Shapiro, F. (1996, Summer). EMDR:  Adaptive information processing. Independent Practitioner, 16(3), 142-146.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) method defines the succesful treatment of pathology as a clinician-assisted "self-healing" process. Specifically, the individual reprocesses the dysfunctional information stored in the nervous system as a result of previous disturbing events. Congruent with the principles of mind/body psychology, there is an assumed interaction of psychological and physiological processes. The nature of the clinical disorder is defined on the basis of the type of experiences that have been dysfunctionally stored and which need to be effectively processes.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing  AIP  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

99. Rubin, A. (1999). Empirically evaluating EMDR with single-case design: A step-by-step guide for EMDR therapists. New Hope, PA:  EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
A step-by-step guide for EMDR Therapists. A practical, clinician-friendly guide for EMDR therapists in conducting single-case evaluations of EMDR as part of their clinical practice, thus allowing one to assess the effects of EMDR on diverse populations, and to evaluate their own protocols. [EMDR-HAP]

Keywords: Single Case Design  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

100. Scharf, C., Berliner, K., Meyers, M., Schwartberg, N., & Weinshel, M. (2006, September). Enhancing couples therapy with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Couples often have difficulties changing present day maladaptive patterns of interaction when they are triggered by past traumatic events and/or attachment traumas. This workshop will demonstrate ways in which EMDR can be incorporated into couples therapy in order to interrupt "stuck" cycles of interaction, decrease reactivity. and deepen connections. Our work is informed by a family systems perspective and attachment theory. There will be a theoretical discussion on how we use EMDR in couples work, as well as an experiential exercise illustrating these concepts. Clinician examples and videtape excepts from a year-long course of therapy will illustrate thc ongoing choices the therapist makes in incorporating EMDR in her work with a couple. We will also demonstrate how one partner's witnessing and the other's being witnessed during the processing enhances the healing of old wounds and opens up possibilities for new ways of relating.

Keywords: Couples Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

101. du Bois, M. G., & de Kroon, M. (2008, August). Enlarging skills and self-efficacy as an important outcome of EMDR with individuals with ID: Presenting a video case. Poster presented at the 13th World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, Cape Town, South Africa .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing’s basic principles, procedures and protocols direct the clinician in assisting clients to transmute negative experiences into adaptive learning experiences. EMDR is also recognised as giving resources with a positive picture to assist processing the traumatic experiences. The so-called Resource Development and Installation (RDI) is a specific strategy to strengthen the client by mobilising and strengthening positive cognitions associated with positive experiences in the past. By activating positive functional memory networks and relating the positive picture with the present, the client will be able to practise these in situations where they feel problematic. A client with ID is able to transfer a positive picture to the present. On the basis of these data, presented in a video case, we will give examples of our practise as clinicians in the mental health care of individuals with ID.

Keywords: ID  Intellectual Disabilities  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

102. EPPD Task Group (2003, December). The EPPD Task Group introduced EMDRIA’s definition of EMDR. EMDRIA Newsletter, 8(4), 14-15.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The EMDRIA Board of Directors has charged the Educational Program and Professional Development (EPPD) Task Group with the task of developing policies for all educational programs and professional development. These umbrella policies will provide consistency and creditability throughout all programs to maintain the integrity of EMDR in training, practice, and research. All EMDRIA programs and products will be aligned with the existing and emerging knowledge and scientific research on EMDR. To that end, the EPPD Task Group has completed a twotiered definition of EMDR, which is rooted in the current scientific research on EMDR. The Tier One definition is designed for the general public. The Tier Two definition is for EMDRIA use, to guide the development of all programs and products throughout the organization. The Tier Two definition is also for external distribution and to be the basis for explaining EMDR to the public and other professionals. As the foundation, this definition will direct EMDRIA in every aspect of the organization from training and continuing education programs in EMDR, standards of practice, research, publications, and EMDRIA Member support programs, such as Clinician Support and Regional Coordinating programs. The EPPD Task Group introduces EMDRIA’s Definition of EMDR.

Keywords: Definition of EMDR  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

103. Ohtani, T., Matsuo, K., Kasai, K., Kato, T., & Kato, N. (2010, February). Erratum to “Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder”. Neuroscience Research, 66(2), 232. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.12.002.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Reports an error in "Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder" by Toshiyuki Ohta ni, Koji Matsuo, Kiyoto Kasai, Tadafumi Kato and Nobumasa Kato (Neuroscience Research, 2009[Dec], Vol 65[4], 375-383). The publisher regrets that the surname of Dr. Ohtani was incorrectly spelt in the original article. The corrected author listing is given in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-20201-001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma-related recall (Recall) with eye movements (EMs) is thought to reduce distress. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Thirteen patients with PTSD received EMDR treatment over the course of 2–10 weeks. We assessed the change in hemoglobin concentration in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during Recall with and without EM using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Clinical diagnosis and improvement were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Recall with EM was associated with a significant decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) in the lateral PFC as compared with Recall without EM. Longitudinally, [oxy-Hb] during Recall significantly decreased and the amount of decrease was significantly correlated with clinical improvement when the post-treatment data was compared with that of the pre-treatment. Our results suggest that performing EM during Recall reduces the over-activity of the lateral PFC, which may be part of the biological basis for the efficacy of EMDR in PTSD. NIRS may be a useful tool for objective assessment of psychological intervention in PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Hemodynamic Responses  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

104. Luber, M. (2012). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols with summary sheets CD-ROM version: Basic and special situations. New York, NY: Springer Publishing, ISBN-13:9780826193414.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
These scripted protocols and summary sheets in a fill-in PDF format offer the EMDR practitioner an adjunct to the chapters of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations. The excerpted digitalized scripts give the clinician a unique opportunity to record data on the computer or as a hard copy. In addition, there are new summary sheets for each chapter to condense the data collected, allowing for quick retrieval. These digital scripts and summary sheets assist in protocol information retrieval for different populations, and facilitate the gathering and organization of important client data, as well as case conceptualization. These forms are available as a digital download or on a CD-ROM and are compatible with any computer or device that supports PDF. Special populations addressed include children, adolescents, couples, and clients suffering from complex posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, anxiety, addictive behaviors, and severe pain. Key Features: •Available in an expandable and editable digital format for easy access and customized tailoring •Provides concise summary sheets for quick information retrieval and case conceptualization •Facilitates gathering and organization of protocol and client data •Assists in the formulation of concise and clear treatment plans •Offers select scripts and summary sheets customized for client populations •Includes templates for repeat use

Keywords: Scripted Protocols  Special Populations  Summary Sheets  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

105. Shapiro, F. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Historical context, recent research, and future directions. In L. Vandecreek, S. Knapp, & T. L. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book. V. 16, 1998 edition. (pp. 143-162) Sarasosta, FL: Professional Resource Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
I here only briefly review the 8 treatment phases of which EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is compromised. The remainder of this contribution reviews the current state of EMDR research and clinical practice. Specifically, I (a) explore the historical context in which EMDR is placed, (b) review the extant publications and emerging research on this method, (c) make some suggestions for clinicians who are offering or evaluating new innovations, and (d) describe some recent clinical applications of EMDR. The earlier controversy that swirled around EMDR appears symptomatic of a lamentable split between practicing therapists and researchers (usually academic) which has manifested itself in professional psychology in a variety of ways. Because of its visibility, EMDR may well prove a vehicle to help close this gap. Hopefully, the experience of offering EMDR to the field of psychology provides lessons that will prove useful to practicing clinicians and future innovators. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Disorders  Future Directions  History  Research  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

106. Cerone, M. R. (2000). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the psychological treatment of combat-related guilt:  A study of the effects of eye movements. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. AAT 9990301.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of eye movements in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and to test the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of guilt associated with combat trauma. EMDR was compared to a non-eye movement (NEM) analog, which entailed the full EMDR procedure minus the eye movements. A single-case multiple component cross-over design across 7 participants was utilized.Participants were combat veterans who were receiving inpatient treatment for PTSD at the Coatesville Veterans Administration Medical Center. 4 participants were introduced first to the EMDR condition and 3 participants were introduced first to the NEM analog condition. Each participant was exposed to both conditions. Dependent measures included: (1) pre- and post-treatment scores on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV - One Week Symptom Status Version (CAPS-SX), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Impact of Event Scale (IES), and Trauma Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI), (2) self-monitoring data on the frequency and intensity of intrusive thoughts, disturbing dreams, and guilt, and (3) measures of participants' subjective level of distress within sessions and pre- and post-treatment using the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS). As measured by SUDS ratings, EMDR resulted in a greater decrease in dyphoric affect within-session than the NEM analog. EMDR also resulted in a significant decrease in mean SUDS ratings from pre- to post-treatment. EMDR resulted in significant decreases in combat-related PTSD symptomatology, as measured by pre- and post-treatment scores on the CAPS-SX, BDI, and IES. EMDR also resulted in significant decreases in mean pre- and post-treatment frequency of self-reported intrusive thoughts and mean pre- and post-treatment intensity of intrusive thoughts, disturbing dreams, and guilt. Additionally, EMDR resulted in a significant decrease in pre- and post-treatment scores on one scale and two subscales of the TRGI. No differences in the mean frequency and intensity of self- reported intrusive thoughts, disturbing dreams, and guilt were detected between EMDR and the NEM analog. Results of the present study support the role of eye movements in attaining treatment gains with EMDR. Additionally, this study supports the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of combat-related guilt. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 61(10-B), Apr 2001, pp. 5555.

Keywords: Adults  Americans  Empirical Study  Guilt  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Treatment Effectiveness  War  Veterans  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

107. Estergard, L. (2008). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of chronic pain. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3336660.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Previous research has indicated that individuals with chronic pain who exhibit adaptive coping mechanisms are more likely to manage their pain effectively. If they experienced little success with pain management in the past, they are not likely to exhibit adaptive coping strategies in the present. However, there remains an important gap in the literature regarding the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a strategy for chronic pain. One purpose of this study was to establish the effectiveness of EMDR in the reduction of chronic pain; another was to examine the relationship between chronic pain intensity and emotion, as suggested by the biopsychosocial model of pain and measured by the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised. In this matched 2-group design, participants were matched on pretest chronic pain scores and randomized to EMDR and a delayed treatment group. Pre- and posttreatment chronic pain levels were determined using the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired samples t-tests. There was a significant reduction in chronic pain following six EMDR sessions for the participants in the experimental group and the delayed-treatment group. The results also indicated a reduction in dysphoria for both groups following EMDR. The findings may help to clarify whether EMDR is effective in alleviating chronic pain, which may lead to more satisfying lives for patients and their families. This study is an important contribution to the literature and enhances social change initiatives by showing that collaboration between EMDR and other types of treatment may offer more expedient and long-term relief to patients, thus affecting the costs (e.g., health insurance) associated with chronic pain.[Author abstract]

Keywords: Biopsychosocial Models  Chronic Pain  Coping  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

108. Shapiro, F. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 1st Ed. New York: Guilford Press.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias.To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text]

Keywords: Abuse  Adults  Assessment  Child Abuse  Children  DID  Dissociative Identity Disorder  Dissociative Symptoms  Incest  Methodology  Neurophysiology  Patient Selection  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Rape  Spouse  Survivors  Veterans  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

109. Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 2nd Ed. New York: Guilford Press.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias. To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text of 1st Edition]

Keywords: Adults  Assessment  Child Abuse  Children  Dissociative Identity Disorder  Dissociative Symptoms  Incest  Methodology  Neurophysiology  Patient Selection  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Rape  Spouse Abuse  Survivors  Veterans  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

110. Shapiro, F. (1994). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A new treatment for anxiety and related trauma. In L. A. Hyer (Ed.), Trauma victim: Theoretical issues and practical suggestions (pp. 501-521). Muncie, IN: Accelerated Development Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) modality defines the successful treatment of PTSD as a clinician assisted "self-healing" process by which the individual reprocesses the dysfunctional information stored in the nervous system as a result of the traumatic event. Discussion includes EMDR evidence, theory, curative process, benefits, procedure, and also a case study of an 18-year-old incest survivor. [Adapted from Text, p. 502] [Pilots]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

111. Shapiro, F., Vogelmann-Sine, S., & Sine, L. F. (1994, October-December). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treating trauma and substance abuse. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 26(4), 379-391. doi:10.1080/02791072.1994.10472458.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a new psychological methodology that has been applied to a wide range of psychological disorders. Clinical reports over the past three years indicate that it is an important addition to the treatment of substance abuse. EMDR offers a structured, client-centered model that integrates key elements of intrapsychic, behavioral, cognitive, body-oriented, and interactional approaches. Treatment effects are quite rapid and, during an individual session, the therapist may witness accelerated processing of information involving a shift of cognitive structures (including the assimilation of positive beliefs) along with the desensitization of attendent traumata. The application of EMDR apparently stimulates an inherent physiological processing system that allows dysfunctional information to be adaptively resolved, resulting in increased insight and more functional behavior. The judicious use of EMDR includes a comprehensive client history and extensive preparation, allowing the client to deal with the high levels of disturbance often engendered by the treatment itself. After the inauguration of a sufficient therapeutic alliance, adequately addressing potential issues of secondary gain, and appropriate client stabilization, EMDR may be used to ameliorate the effects of earlier memories that contribute to the dysfunction, potential relapse triggers, and physical cravings. In addition, EMDR is used to incorporate new coping skills and assist in learning more adaptive behaviors. Other potential targets for reprocessing include treatment noncompliance, ambivalence about abstinence, and present crises. Finally, EMDR should be used on this clinical population only by a trained clinician who is educated and experienced with this problem area. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Drug Abuse  Psychotherapeutic Processes  Stressors  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

112. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA..

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks, ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them. Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety of disorders- phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder (Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work, beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition, and improves overall athletic performance.

Keywords: Athletes  Performance Enhancement  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

113. Severe, N. D. (1998, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing:  Treatment application to post-traumatic stress disorder in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA. AAT 9820480.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This document presents an individual case study focusing on the qualitative application of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to PTSD in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. Theoretical, empirical and clinical descriptions of PTSD and EMDR are presented in order to understand childhood psychological trauma and its treatment. Further, an explanation of childhood psychic trauma is presented to distinguish between single event trauma (Type I Trauma) and multiple exposure to psychologically overwhelming events (Type II Trauma) as defined by Lenore Terr. Child abuse and specifically sexual abuse is described as an example of a Type II trauma that is closely related to the development of post-traumatic symptoms and reactions. EMDR is selected as the main cognitive behavioral treatment to help reduce PTSD symptoms in an 11-year-old male who has witnessed and experienced numerous interpersonal stressor related traumatic events.A clinical review of the child's EMDR focused treatment is summarized in a total of twenty-five sessions that follow Shapiro's EMDR 8-Step Treatment Model. Qualitative changes to the standard adult EMDR protocol made by the treating therapist are presented to illustrate how EMDR can be modified and adapted to work with latency age children. The results of the study suggest that EMDR may be a useful adjunct to an overall treatment plan aimed at ameliorating the traumatic symptoms and developmental difficulties associated with PTSD in children. The author emphasizes the need for the clinician using EMDR with children and adults to constantly target and assess the impact of present stressors and their role in the maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(1-B), Jul 1998, pp. 0438.

Keywords: Case Report  Empirical Study  Male  Multiple Traumatic Events  Nonclinical Case Study  Posttrauamtic Stress Disorder  Preadolescents  PTSD  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

114. Foster, S. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. In (Doug Asher, Presider) Non-traditional Interventions for Performance Enhancement. Colloquium presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks, ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them. Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety ofdisorders- phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder (Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work, beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition, and improves overall athletic performance.

Keywords: Athletes  Colloquium  Performance Enhancement  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

115. Browning, C. (1999). Flotar hacia atrás y flotar hacia delante: Técnicas para ligar el pasado, Presente y futuro [Floatback and Float Forward: Techniques for the Tie Past, Present and Future]. Presentation at EMDRIA Latinoamericana.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
El protocolo estándar de EMDR requiere enfocar los orígenes de la perturbación, los gatillos del presente y crear un patrón de conductas adecuadas para el futuro (Shapiro). Algunos pacientes, sin embargo pueden tener dificultades para conectar su problema actual con acontecimientos del pasado. Así también, otros pacientes pueden tener dificultades para crear patrones positivos para el futuro, especialmente si ensayar conductas nuevas los pone ansiosos. Para estos problemas las técnicas de "Flotar hacia atrás" y "Flotar hacia delante" desarrolladas por William Zangwill Ph. D., entrenador del Instituto EMDR, son métodos efectivos para ligar el pasado, presente y futuro en un ámbito terapéutico y proveen al terapeuta de instrumentos para abordar eficientemente ambos temas. LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA ATRÁS Abordar recuerdos tempranos asociados con el material perturbador es fundamental para EMDR. Shapiro dice que ayudar al paciente a encontrar un recuerdo temprano "debe ser una de las primeras opciones que debe considerar al terapeuta..." (Shapiro, 1995). La Técnica de Flotar hacia atrás es un camino eficiente y poderoso para llegar a esta meta, permitiendo al terapeuta asistir al paciente a llevar a cabo sus propias asociaciones con acontecimientos del pasado. Su uso es muy apropiado cuando el terapeuta sospecha que una perturbación que el paciente experimenta en el presente, tiene sus raíces en experiencias del pasado; especialmente cuando preguntas como "Cuál es su recuerdo más temprano en relación a lo que se siente ahora? no ha tenido éxito en ayudar al paciente a conectar con eventos del pasado. También cuando un paciente presenta un tema o experiencia recurrente, la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es ideal para ayudar al paciente a identificar un target para el reprocesamiento. Muchos pacientes se ponen en contacto con los problemas actuales con relativa facilidad. Por ejemplo, una paciente que se queja que se siente abandonada cuando su marido se va de viaje de negocios, probablemente pueda recordar sus problemas actuales con facilidad. Entonces el terapeuta puede aplicar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás para ayudarle a la paciente a recordar un acontecimiento del pasado con rapidez y eficiencia. Para usar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, arme el protocolo con el problema actual, utilizando los pasos que figuran en el Manual de Entrenamiento del Nivel I y del Nivel II (Shapiro, 1994) incluyendo la imagen, la cognición negativa (CN), la cognición positiva (CP), la validación de la cognición (VoC), emociones, Unidad Subjetiva de Perturbación (SUD) y sensación corporal. Sin embargo, no incide todavía el procesamiento (es decir, movimientos oculares u otra estimulación). En vez de eso, diga a su paciente: "Fíjese en la imagen de... y esas palabras (repita la imagen perturbadora del paciente y su cognición negativa), fíjese que emociones le vienen y donde las siente en el cuerpo. Ahora cierre los ojos y deje que su mente flote hacia atrás a un período anterior en su vida, no busque, simplemente deje que su mente flote a una época donde usted pensaba cosas similares... (repita las emociones que dijo el paciente) en ...(repita los lugares del cuerpo donde el paciente sintió las sensaciones). Cuando esté listo abra los ojos y dígame lo primero que le viene a la mente". Utilice esta experiencia más temprana como target, completando todos los items del protocolo: imagen, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD y ubicación de las sensaciones corporales y comience a procesar con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral. Una vez que se ha procesado este material, vuelva al target original del material actual. Muy a menudo se generaliza el trabajo realizado sobre el material más temprano y ya no hace falta procesar el material actual. Es importante usar términos generales cuando se le dan al paciente las instrucciones de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, es decir, pedir un recuerdo temprano y no el más temprano. Hay varias razones que avalan esto. Primero, muchas veces es el peor recuerdo y no el primero que funciona como el mejor target para el reprocesamiento,. Además, usar términos generales es una ayuda para los pacientes más compulsivos y perfeccionistas que de otra manera estarían demasiado preocupados en no equivocarse y encontrar exactamente la primera asociación. Finalmente, la flexibilidad que permite la utilización de términos generales más que términos específicos aumenta la posibilidad de éxito del paciente de conectarse con el pasado que es la meta de esta técnica. El rasgo esencial de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es usar las preguntas del protocolo para conectar los problemas del presente con eventos del pasado. Pasar las preguntas como fueron desarrolladas por Shapiro es un potente método para ayudar a los pacientes a sintonizar con todos los aspectos de su experiencia del problema. El material perturbador se vuelve más vívido y actual para el paciente y posibilita recordar experiencias similares. Se supone, como hipótesis, que al haber desarrollado el protocolo con todas las preguntas sobre el problema actual, estimula la red neuronal de asociaciones y posibilita casi sin esfuerzo el "flotar hacia atrás" a asociaciones tempranas. Además, el vínculo paciente-terapeuta es realzado porque el terapeuta valida la experiencia del paciente (la perturbación actual) al empezar el trabajo desde el punto en el que se encuentra el paciente. Las asociaciones son del paciente, eliminando el tema de la resistencia a cualquier idea o interpretación introducida por el terapeuta. El paciente se da cuenta vivencialmente de la conexión del presente con el pasado usando la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, pudiendo esquivar la evitación y otras defensas. LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA DELANTE Mientras que la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás posibilita muy a menudo que los pacientes vean y sientan la conexión entre el problema actual y los eventos pasados, la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante permite que el paciente identifique y reprocese la ansiedad anticipatoria y desarrolle patrones positivos para el futuro. Es un método que puede ser utilizado en cualquier momento del proceso terapéutico para solucionar bloqueos, renuencias y en algunos casos, resistencias o temas de beneficios secundarios o pérdidas. Es especialmente útil para trabajar con el miedo del paciente a hacer EMDR. Para ponerlo en práctica, primero pida al paciente que imagine lo peor que le puede pasar si hace "X" (por ej. probar una nueva conducta, testear una nueva habilidad, empezar una experiencia nueva). ¿Qué es lo peor que le puede pasar si hace EMDR? Que es lo peor que le puede pasar si soluciona este problema? ¿Qué es lo peor que le puede pasar si le pone límites a su jefe respecto a la cantidad de trabajo que espera que usted haga? El paciente puede necesitar ayuda para identificar la peor escena. Algunas sugerencias incluyen el miedo a perder el control de sus emociones, el miedo a perder el control de sus funciones corporales como el control de esfínteres, miedo a tener un ataque de pánico, y no poder manejar su vida emocional entre las sesiones. Una vez que el paciente ha identificado el incidente, pregunte por la peor parte de esa escena y utilícelo como el target de EMDR, armando el protocolo con las preguntas estándar, pero con una leve modificación: pregunte por la imagen que representa la peor parte del peor incidente, por ej. "Cuando usted ve una imagen de si mismo/a haciendo......, que es lo peor que puede pasar?" Después siga con el resto de las preguntas estándar, es decir, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD, y ubicación de la sensación corporal. Estimule el procesamiento del paciente con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral. Si el desarrollo de la peor escena del paciente le provoca un miedo racional, puede que se tengan que tomar medidas prácticas para solucionar estas preocupaciones. Por ejemplo, usando la técnica de flotar hacia delante con un chico de 13 años que estaba en un hogar adoptivo transitorio, la peor escena evocada por él fue: "Me van a devolver al Hogar si esta adopción no resulta". Durante el procesamiento, el SUD se redujo de 8 a 3 con bastante rapidez pero de ahí no bajaba. El paciente comentó que no bajaba porque esta "peor escena" podría sucederle realmente y le había sucedido en el pasado. Paramos los movimientos oculares, charlamos un rato y elaboramos un plan para: a) una sesión con sus padres adoptivos para hablar sobre la permanencia de la adopción y b) una llamada en conferencia a su asesor legal para clarificar sus derechos y opciones. Volviendo al target después de esto, le fue posible reducir el SUD a 1 con unos pocos sets de movimientos oculares. Al utilizar la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante para reprocesar la peor escena, el paciente tiene una oportunidad para resolver la ansiedad anticipatoria. Durante la instalación de la cognición positiva, el paciente está creando patrones positivos para acciones en el futuro. Una mujer cuyo hermano fue verbalmente abusivo con ella en la infancia y en la actualidad la intimidaba, armó una "peor escena" con: "Va a ser igualmente abusivo cuando lo vea la próxima vez". La paciente había hecho mucho EMDR, reprocesando incidentes de la infancia relacionados con el abuso verbal del hermano. Sin embargo, sin un referente positivo vivencial, seguía ansiosa cada vez que interactuaba con él. Pidiéndole que "flote hacia delante" y usando EMDR sobre una de las peores escenas, alivió su ansiedad respecto a una fiesta familiar que tenía pendiente. Instalando una CP de "Ahora estoy más fuerte" le permitió crear una imagen de si misma manejando a su hermano con humor y sintiéndose segura. A aplicar las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante y ocuparse así del pasado, presente y futuro, el terapeuta de EMDR puede sanar mejor a su paciente. Es más, las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante están basadas en EMDR. Las dos incorporan las preguntas del protocolo standard y le dan al terapeuta y al paciente la oportunidad de manejarse más fluidamente con dicho protocolo.

EMDR standard protocol requires a focus of the origins of the disturbance, the triggers of this and create a pattern of behaviors appropriate to the future (Shapiro). Some patients, however, may have difficulty connecting the current problem with past events. Also, other patients may have difficulty creating positive patterns for the future, especially if you try new behaviors makes them anxious. For these problems the techniques of "float back" and "Float forward" developed by William Zangwill Ph.D., EMDR Institute trainer, are effective methods to link the past, present and future in a therapeutic area and provide the therapist tools to effectively address both issues. THE ART OF FLOATING BACK Addressing early memories associated with foreign material is essential to EMDR. Shapiro said that helping the patient to find early memory "must be one of the first options to consider when therapist ..." (Shapiro, 1995). Floating Technique back is a powerful and efficient way to reach this goal, allowing the therapist to assist the patient to carry out their own associations with past events. Its use is most appropriate when the clinician suspects that a disturbance that the patient is experiencing at present, is rooted in past experiences, especially when questions like "What is your earliest memory in relation to what you feel now? Not been successful in helping patients to connect with past events. Also when a patient has a recurrent theme or experience, the Backward Floating Technique is ideal for helping the patient to identify a target for reprocessing. Many patients come into contact with the current problems with relative ease. For example, a patient who complains that she feels abandoned when her husband goes on a business trip, you can probably recall their current problems with ease. Then the therapist can apply the technique Float Backwards to help the patient to remember a past event quickly and efficiently. To use the technique to back float, arm the protocol to the current problem, using the steps listed in the Training Manual Level I and Level II (Shapiro, 1994) including the image, negative cognition (NC) positive cognition (PC), validation of cognition (VoC), emotions, Subjective Unit of Disturbance (SUD) and bodily sensation. However, it still affects the processing (ie, eye movements or other stimulation). Instead, tell your patient: "Look at the picture ... and those words (repetition of the disturbing image of the patient and negative cognition), note that emotions come from and where you sit on the body. Now close eyes and let your mind float back to an earlier period in your life, look no further, just let your mind float to a time when you thought things like ... (repeat the emotions that said the patient) .. . (repeat parts of the body where the patient felt the sensation). When you are ready open your eyes and tell me the first thing that comes to mind. " Use this early experience as a target, completing all protocol items: image, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD and location of bodily sensations and begin processing with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation. Once this material has been processed, return to the original target of the current material. Very often we generalize the work done on the earlier material and no longer have to render the current material. It is important to use general terms when the patient is given instructions Technique Float Backwards, ie a memory request early and not earlier. There are several reasons that support this. First, it is often the worst memory and not the first that works as the best target for reprocessing. In addition, using general terms is an aid for compulsive and perfectionistic patients who otherwise would be too concerned with avoiding failure and find exactly the first association. Finally, the flexibility that allows the use of general rather than specific terms increases the likelihood of success of the patient to connect with the past that is the goal of this technique. The essential feature of the technique is to use Float Backwards questions of protocol to connect the problems of the present with past events. Skip the questions and were developed by Shapiro is a powerful method to help patients to tune into all aspects of their experience of the problem. The foreign material becomes more vivid and present to the patient and possible recall similar experiences. It is assumed, arguendo, that having developed the protocol with all the questions about the current problem, the neural network encourages and facilitates partnerships almost effortlessly "float back" early associations. In addition, the patient-therapist relationship is enhanced because the therapist validates the patient's experience (current disruption) to start work from the point where the patient is. Partnerships are the patient, eliminating the issue of resistance to any idea or interpretation introduced by the therapist. The patient realizes experientially connecting the present with the past by using the technique Float Backwards, can avoid the avoidance and other defenses. THE ART OF FLOATING FORWARD While technology enables Float Backwards often patients to see and feel the connection between the current problem and past events, the forward float technique allows the patient to identify and reprocess anticipatory anxiety and develop positive patterns the future. It is a method that can be used at any time of the therapeutic process to troubleshoot crashes, reluctance and in some cases, resistance or topics of ancillary benefits or losses. It is especially useful for working with the patient's fear to do EMDR. To put this into practice, first ask the patient to imagine the worst that can happen if you "X" (eg. Try a new behavior, test a new skill, start a new experience.) What's the worst that can happen if you EMDR? That's the worst that can happen if you solve this problem? What's the worst that can happen if you put your head limits on the amount of work expected to do? The patient may need help to identify the worst scene. Some suggestions include fear of losing control of his emotions, fear of losing control of their bodily functions such as bowel and bladder control, fear of having a panic attack and can not manage their emotional life between sessions. Once the patient has identified the incident, ask for the worst part of that scene and use it as the target of EMDR, setting up the protocol with the standard questions, but with a slight modification: ask for the image that represents the worst of worst incident, eg. "When you see a picture of him / herself by ......, it's the worst that can happen?" Then follow with the rest of the standard questions, ie, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD, and location of bodily sensation. Stimulate the processing of patients with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation. If the development of the patient's worst scene provokes a rational fear, you may have to take practical steps to address these concerns. For example, using the technique of floating forward with a boy of 13 who was in a temporary foster home, the worst scene evoked for him was: "I will return home if this adoption is not." During processing, the LDS was reduced from 8 to 3 fairly quickly but it does not down. The patient said he did not go down because the "worst scene" could really happen and had happened in the past. Eye movements stopped, we chatted a while and developed a plan for: a) a meeting with her adoptive parents to discuss the permanence of the adoption and b) a conference call to his legal adviser to clarify your rights and options. Returning to the target after that, it was possible to reduce the LDS-1 with a few sets of eye movements. Using Floating Technique forward to reprocess the worst scenario, the patient has an opportunity to resolve the anticipatory anxiety. During the installation of the positive cognition, the patient is creating positive patterns for future action. A woman whose brother was verbally abusive to her children and now intimidated, put together a "worst stage" with: "It will be equally unfair when I see him next time." The patient had done much EMDR reprocessing childhood incidents related to verbal abuse of his brother. However, without a positive reference experiential, still anxious every time I interacted with him. Asking him to "float forward" and using EMDR on one of the worst scenes, relieved her anxiety about a family party that was pending. Installing a CP of "I'm stronger now allowed him to create an image of herself driving her brother with humor and feeling safe. To apply the techniques to float back and forth and deal well past, present and future, the EMDR therapist can heal your patient better. Moreover, techniques to float back and forth are based on EMDR. Both incorporate the standard protocol questions and give the therapist and the patient the opportunity to be managed more smoothly with this protocol.

Keywords: Floatback Technique  Float Foward Technique  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

116. Abbott, G. (2005, September). Four methods of target identification and ordering for EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will present an important review of Phase One of EMDR treatment as it fits within the Adaptive Information Processing Model. The presenter will describe and analyze four strategies for identifying and ordering targets for EMDR rreatment. Strategies to be covered are I ) Francine Shapiro's standard method; 2) A time line method, 3) A Genogram method proposed by Maureen Kitchur in her Strategic Developmental Model and 4) A hypnotic method inspired by Milton Erickson's February Man cases. Analysis of the unique strengths and limitations of each approach will be made. Clinical choices will be outlined with respect to the use of each strategy in light of characteristics of the client, the clinician, and the clinical setting itself. Case examples will be presented. Handouts wlth guidelines for each method will be distributed. Participants will be invited to engage in imaginal exercises to further the exploration of these strategies.

Keywords: February Man  Genogram  Maureen Kitchur  Milton Erickson  Targeting  Timeline  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

117. Grey, E. (2010, April/May). Gaining clarity … Driving your EMDR practice with the adaptive information processing model. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The EMDR clinician’s understanding of the tenets of the AIP model and EMDR protocol is necessary for effective case conceptualization and treatment. This workshop is designed to assist the therapist in translating this knowledge into practical application of the AIP by adding an element of fun. Dr Grey is skilled at using analogies and narratives to make highly technical neuroscientific information user-friendly and understandable. His style is down-to-earth and engaging as he “plays” with the information to make it fun and interesting. You will leave the workshop with a stronger understanding of the AIP, 8-Phase Protocol, and the three-pronged approach; and having learned creative tools to apply to EMDR case conceptualization and planning.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model  AIP  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

118. Page, M. G. (2007, July). Gathering objective data from assessment to discharge in EMDR therapy: Galvanic skin responses, verbal prompts and tactile desensitization. EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
This study shows how three changes (one addition to the EMDR protocol, plus two alterations) were used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The addition to the EMDR protocol was: 1) The use of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) monitors to provide a constant flow of objective, testable and measurable data specific to the experience of suffering or disturbance, exclusively to the clinician (and not to the patient) throughout the therapy process, The two other alterations were: 2) Incorporating specifically targeted verbal prompts at various points in the process, thus serving to maintain the patients emotional and intellectual focus on the experience of suffering the presenting disorder. 3) Allowing the patient to close his or her eyes and using tactile desensitization and reprocessing rather than eye movements, thereby allowing the patient to maintain the mental imagery specific to the suffering. The study group achieved beneficial outcomes sooner and more effectively than the control group who were given standard EMDR therapy.[Author abstract]

Keywords: Galvanic Skin Response  Tactile Desensitization  Verbal Prompts  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

119. Wilensky, M. (2010, April/May). Getting stuck: Navigating through the protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The focus of this workshop will be the Basic Eight Phase Protocol and most specifically the Three Prongedness (Past, Present, Future) of EMDR. When the Basic Protocol is followed diligently many problems disappear. The presenter will draw on his experience as a supervisor and trainer of EMDR clinicians to demonstrate strategies to deal with mini-impasses in therapy. Questions are welcomed about : how to formulate a treatment plan and find the touchstone memories, how to get well-formed Negative and Positive Cognitions, things to do when reprocessing is stuck, what to do when clients have difficulty identifying emotions, evaluating VOC and SUDs and generating an image with appropriate detail? How does the clinician react when the client "loops" and doesn't seem to progress? Issues of secondary traumatization and vicarious traumatization of the therapist. These and other common questions will be addressed,with ample time for examples and a possible practicum. If EMDR is a church, then the presenter is close to a fundamentalist. We all drift. Let's get back to Basics.

Keywords: Basic Protocol  Three-Pronged Approach  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

120. Ohtani, T., Matsuo, K., Kasai, K., Kato, T., & Kato, N. (2009, December). Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuroscience Research, 65(4), 375-383. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.08.014.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma-related recall (Recall) with eye movements (EMs) is thought to reduce distress. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Thirteen patients with PTSD received EMDR treatment over the course of 2 to 10 weeks. We assessed the change in hemoglobin concentration in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during Recall with and without EM using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Clinical diagnosis and improvement were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Recall with EM was associated with a significant decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) in the lateral PFC as compared with Recall without EM. Longitudinally, [oxy-Hb] during Recall significantly decreased and the amount of decrease was significantly correlated with clinical improvement when the post-treatment data was compared with that of the pre-treatment. Our results suggest that performing EM during Recall reduces the over-activity of the lateral PFC, which may be part of the biological basis for the efficacy of EMDR in PTSD. NIRS may be a useful tool for objective assessment of psychological intervention in PTSD.

Keywords: Hemodynamic Responses  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

121. Marcus, S. (2008, Maart ). Het behandelen van hoofdpijn met geïntegreerde EMDR [Treating headaches with integrated EMDR]. Presentatie op het derde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Negentig procent van het Amerikaanse publiek krijgt af en toe hoofdpijn. Naar schatting vijfenveertig miljoen Amerikanen hebben ernstige terugkerende hoofdpijn. Tot dusver is het primaire behandeling voor hoofdpijn is farmaceutica. Deze workshop beoogt u vertrouwd te maken met een niet-veilige alternatieve medicatie voor de behandeling van hoofdpijnen die gebruik maakt van EMDR. De bedoeling van dit seminar is om artsen te trainen in het gebruik van een geïntegreerde aanpak van EMDR bij de behandeling van spanning en migraine. Meer dan 50% van deze presentatie is de opleiding en "hands on" de praktijk van de geïntegreerde aanpak van EMDR. De twee primaire doelstellingen van dit seminar zijn aan a) een overzicht van de huidige professionele praktijken van de behandeling hoofdpijn en b) de deelnemers te trainen in het gebruik van geïntegreerde EMDR, Fase 1 (acute hoofdpijn reliëf) en fase 2 (multi-sessie behandeling van hoofdpijn ). Andere doelstellingen zijn onder andere inzicht hoofdpijn ontstaan, hoofdpijn trigger identificatie, hoofdpijn drempel theorie, overzicht van dr. Marcus 'Migraine Onderzoek, training in de geïntegreerde EMDR protocol dat ontwikkeld is voor de klinische praktijk, informed consent en inzicht in de rol van de provider bij de inzet van deze benadering in de klinische praktijk . Hoewel deze workshop is voor slechts EMDR getrainde clinicus, hoofdpijn eerdere ervaring in behandeling is niet vereist. Dit seminar zal u helpen om: 1. Geef hoofdpijn opluchting voor uw patiënten. 2. Herkennen de verschillende soorten hoofdpijn. 3. Inzicht in de biologie van de hoofdpijn. 4. Combat rebound of verslavingsproblemen gemaakt door migraine medicatie door het gebruik van natuurlijke methoden voor hoofdpijn behandeling. 5. Hier 8 niet-hoofdpijn medicatie interventies. 6. Integratie van een nieuw specialisme in uw praktijk.

Ninety percent of the American public gets occasional headaches. An estimated forty five million Americans have severe reoccurring headaches. Up until now the primary treatment for headaches has been pharmaceuticals. This workshop seeks to familiarize you with a safe non-medication alternative for the treatment of headaches that utilizes EMDR. The intent of this seminar is to train clinicians in the use of an integrated EMDR approach to treating tension and migraine headaches. Over 50% of this presentation is training and “hands on” practice of the Integrated EMDR approach. The two primary objectives of this seminar are to a) provide a professional overview of current practices of headache treatment and b) to train participants in the use of Integrated EMDR, Phase 1 (acute headache relief) and Phase 2 (multi-session headache treatment). Other objectives include understanding headache etiology, headache trigger identification, headache threshold theory, overview of Dr. Marcus’ Migraine Research, training in the Integrated EMDR protocol designed for clinical practice, informed consent and understanding the role of provider when deploying this approach in clinical practice. Although this workshop is for EMDR trained clinician’s only, previous experience in headache treatment is not required. This seminar will help you to: 1. Provide headache relief for your patients. 2. Recognize the different headache types. 3. Understand the biology of headaches. 4. Combat rebound or addiction problems created by migraine medication by utilizing natural methods for headache treatment. 5. Learn 8 non-medication headache interventions. 6. Integrate a new specialty into your practice.

Keywords: Headaches  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

122. Grey, E. (2009, August). Holistically stressed: A qualitative investigation of EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
To the researcher’s knowledge, there is no phenomenological knowledge of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with a sub-clinical stressed population. The vast majority of EMDR research has focused on traumatized and clinical populations, leaving a significant gap in what the non-traumatized or sub-clinically stressed participants’ experience. Sub-clinical stress includes any level of stress that does not meet the DSM-IV-TR’s criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or acute stress disorder (ASD). Additionally, a gap in the literature exists in giving a voice to the participants’ experience of EMDR treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived experiences of body sensations, emotions, beliefs, and imagery during EMDR treatment of participants with sub-clinical stress. Participants fit into either a young adult (18-35), adult (36-49), or older adult (50-60) maturity category and did not meet the criteria for PTSD or ASD. The sample consisted of 12 participants, from a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States. The participants chief complaints included economic stress, relationship stressor, and critical self-talk. The researcher employed a qualitative phenomenological design to gather data in order to answer the research question: what are the lived experiences of sub-clinically stressed participants’ body sensations, beliefs, emotions, and memory imagery during EMDR treatment? The data was collected using the EMDRIA approved research treatment protocol. The researcher included the floatback technique in every reprocessing session to complying with the tenet of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. After installing a safe-place and five reprocessing sessions, the researcher administered a final interview asking questions about what the participants’ experienced in their body, thoughts, emotions, and memory images. All reprocessing session were completed when the participant indicated a SUDs of ‘0’ and a VOC of ‘7’. The data collected during every reprocessing session and the final interviews were analyzed using constant comparative techniques and open coding; verified with member check techniques. The results identify five thematic holistic experiences common in all participants. The themes of responsibility, safety, choices, power, and value emerged from the data. The findings indicate a participants’ lived experience may expand the cognitive themes described in the Adaptive Information Processing Model. The themes of responsibility, safety, power, and value were targeted and reprocessed as disturbing memories. The participants experienced these themes as feeling overly responsible, unsafe, valueless, and/or powerless. The holistic manifestation of the themes of choices emerged as the outcome towards a more adaptive perspective of the disturbing targeted memories. The results of this study further indicate that it may be beneficial to address all four maladaptive themes in mind and body for effective sub-clinical stress resolution. The findings inform scholarly and clinical understanding of the Adaptive Information Processing Model concepts of responsibility, safety, and choices. The findings of this study preliminarily expand the previously unknown holistic manifestation of these themes in sub-clinical participants’ lived sensory experiences. These themes are now in need of additional research to verify and validate the findings of this study.

Keywords: Poster  Sub-Clinical Stress  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

123. Blore, D. (2012). In search of the antonym to trauma: An eye movement desensitisation & reprocessing perspective on positive psychological changes after trauma. Saarbrücken, Germany: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH & Co.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book, derived from the author's PhD thesis, examines the lived experience of positive psychological changes following trauma. Negative changes, including psychiatric diagnoses, have understandably, been the focus of research for well over a century as the relief of suffering is probably the foremost role of the mental health practitioner worldwide. On the other hand, positive psychological change following trauma is a developing field for which there is no standard terminology. The plethora of labels of which 'Post Traumatic Growth' is the most common descriptor, masks a significant gap in clinical and theoretical understanding. Even less well understood is the totality of psychological change after trauma, i.e. both negative and positive change and how they may interact. The author focuses on two specific contexts: psychological trauma stemming from Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), and subsequent treatment with Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR). The book's findings are quite remarkable and suggest that a totally knew perspective on psychological trauma is needed.

Keywords: Post Traumatic Growth  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

124. Greenwald, R. (1996, February). The information gap in the EMDR controversy. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 27(1), 67-72. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.27.1.67 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed treatment for traumatic memories. The literature on EMDR is characterized by widely contrasting results and interpretations of findings. The author traces this variation to the substantial information gap between those with and without formal EMDR training. Misconceptions are highlighted, and EMDR is reassessed favorably with fidelity to the treatment protocol emerging as a critical factor. Recommendations are made for higher standards of publication, research, and training in EMDR, particularly in light of the wider availability of information and training engendered by the publication of an EMDR textbook. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Literature Review  Professional Training  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

125. Wheeler, K. (2009, August). Integrating outcome measurement and EMDR research into your practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Outcome measurement in practice is critically important in determining the ‘value’ of EMDR to clients, insurers, policymakers, the general public and ourselves. This presentation will provide the EMDR clinician with guidelines about the what, who, when and how to incorporate outcome measurement into one’s own practice using a time-series case study design. Comparing the client’s own scores at different points in time to themselves is considered a bona fide research design that makes an empirically valid case study worthy of publication. Resources and opportunities available to the budding EMDR researcher are examined.

Keywords: Outcome Measurement  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

126. Spence, J. M., & Johnston, L. (2011, August-September). Internet-based CBT and EMDR for posttraumatic stress disorder: the results from two trials. Presentation at the 41st EABCT annual conference, Reykjavík, Iceland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objectives: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe, distressing, and chronic condition. Limited availability of appropriately trained professionals is a significant barrier to accessing appropriate treatment. This presentation reports the results of two pilot studies: (i) a pilot RCT of Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); (ii) an open trial of Internetbased eye movement desensitzation and reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD. RCT: Internet-delivered CBT Methods: 43 people with PTSD were randomly allocated to receive clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment for PTSD, or to a waitlist control condition. Participants in the clinician-assisted version received access to the 7-lesson PTSD program plus regular emails from a clinician, automatic reminder emails, and access to an online discussion forum. Results: Participants reported significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, depression and anxiety (Cohen’s d respectively: 1.3, 1.2 and 0.7). Furthermore, participant satisfaction with the treatment program was high. Conclusions: PTSD is a disabling disorder, but access to treatment is limited for many people. Developing addditional effective techniques for treating patients with PTSD is an important priority for mental health clinicians. OPEN TRIAL: Internet-delivered EMDR Methods: This trial is due to commence in March, 2011 and will run for 8 weeks. It involves 15 people with PTSD allocated to receive internet-based EMDR in addition to the existing internetbased CBT protocol used in the above RCT. To our knowledge, this is the first time that EMDR has been delivered via the internet or tested despite EMDR being recommended as a first-line intervention for PTSD by several treatment guidelines for PTSD [1, 2]. We expect that clinically significant improvements will be observed and that participants will rate the EMDR module as acceptable.

Keywords: Internet-Based CBT  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

127. Spence, J., Titov, N., Johnston, L., Dear, B. F., Wootton, B., Terides, M., & Zou, J. (2013, March). Internet-delivered eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (iEMDR): An open trial [v1; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/8l]. F1000Research, 2, 79. doi:10.12688/f1000research.2-79.v1).

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Recent research indicates internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) can reduce symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the efficacy of an internet-delivered treatment protocol that combined iCBT and internet-delivered eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (iEMDR), in an uncontrolled trial. Eleven of the 15 participants completed post-treatment questionnaires. Large effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (d = 1.03 – 1.61) on clinician-assessed and self-reported measures of PTSD, anxiety and distress, with moderate effect sizes (d = 0.59 – 0.70) found on measures of depression and disability. At post-treatment, 55% of the participants no longer met criteria for PTSD and this was sustained at follow-up. Symptom worsening occurred in 3 of 15 (20%) of the sample from pre- to post-treatment; however, these participants reported overall symptom improvement by follow-up. Future research directions for iEMDR are discussed.

Keywords: Internet-Delivered  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

128. Blore, D. C. (2011, September). An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) investigation of positive psychological change (PPC), including post traumatic growth (PTG). School of Health and Population Sciences, The University of Birmingham, UK.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Positive Psychological Change (PPC) following trauma is a developing field for which there is no standard terminology. The plethora of labels, of which Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) is probably the most common descriptor, arguably masks a significant gap in clinical and theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. One specific gap addressed by this study is PPC following psychological trauma stemming from a Road Traffic Accident (RTA) in which the person involved has subsequently received Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR). To investigate this gap in knowledge, an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach was used and twelve participants recruited via a snowball sampling method. The participants were then interviewed using a Semi-structured Interview Questionnaire (SSIQ) and the interviews were then transcribed for IPA analysis. Key themes that emerged included Navigational Struggle (NS) to describe Negative Psychological Change (NPC), and Network Growth (NG), to describe PPC. At any one post-RTA/EMDR point there was a preponderance of one over the other, however, NS and NG were inseparable and found to co-exist along an NS-NG continuum. In addition, Figurative Language Use (FLU) had a significant role in both NS and NG yet was independent of both and apparently driving change towards the development of NG. Whilst NS and NG were both post-trauma phenomena, FLU seemed to hallmark expansion of memory networks as part of a general maturation process post-RTA. Furthermore, there was evidence that participants were incorporating their traumatic experiences via FLU into the rebuilding of their assumptive worlds. To account for these findings, an extension to Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) – the theory widely accepted to underpin EMDR - is proposed based upon a hypothesised Plasticity of Meaning (PoM), which is observable through FLU. PoM predicts which, why and how memory networks connect resulting in the adaptive processing predicted by AIP. The study’s findings are re-examined in terms of consequential modifications to the clinical use of EMDR. Extensive suggestions for further research are provided.

Keywords: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis  IPA  PPC  Positive Psychological Change  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

129. Farrell, D. (2009, October 16). Interweaves. Presentation at the 2nd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop, Leeds, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will review the significance of using cognitive interweaves within EMDR and underline why they are an essential part of the EMDR clinician's psychotherapeutic repertoire. However In complex trauma cases often process cognitive interweaves are insufficient and therefore more elaborate ones are needed in the form of content interweaves and relational interweaves. Consequently this workshop will revisit the utilisation and elaboration of using cognitive interweaves in EMDR.

Keywords: Interweaves  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

130. Stowasser, J. (2011, August). An introduction to the treatment of domestic violence victims. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This cursory presentation may help the clinician recognize domestic violence clients and inspire interest in further training, promoting safer integration of EMDR in the treatment of domestic violence. Definitions, statistics, and examples of domestic violence will be briefly explored. History taking approach regarding exposure in childhood and in adulthood will be touched upon. Assessing the victim’s safety, readiness for treatment, and safer reprocessing will be highlighted. Target selection and the three-pronged approach will be briefly examined. Greater awareness may safeguard their practice with this potentially lethal population.

Keywords: Domestic Violence  Victims  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

131. Shapiro, F. (2002). Introduction: Paradigms, processing, and personality development. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (pp. 3–26. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The basic thesis of this book is that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrated mode of psychotherapy with incorporated principles, protocols, and procedures that are compatible with all the major psychological orientations. It is hoped that EMDR can bridge the gap between various forms of psychotherapy and perhaps allow the information-processing model (which is explained in this chapter) to act as a common language. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Information-Processing Model  Models  Personality Development  Psychotherapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

132. Farrell, D., & Keenan, P. (2010, July). Is present EMDR training "fit for purpose?". Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will outline two research studies the first: ‘A Five Year Investigation into Participant’s Experiences of EMDR Training in the UK & Ireland and the Implications for Future Developments in the Teaching and Learning of EMDR – 3rd Stage Evaluation Study’ (Farrell & Keenan, 2010) and the second ‘EMDR: What are Therapists Saying’ (Dunne & Farrell, 2010). Shapiro considers that the goals of therapy are often greatly influenced by the clinician’s paradigm and personal world view. Consequently both studies wished to explore the implications as to participant’s experiences of their EMDR training,

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

133. McNally, R. J. (2003, Fall-Winter). Is the pseudoscience concept useful for clinical psychology? The demise of pseudoscience. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 2(2).

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Talented entrepreneurs have been developing and marketing novel therapeutic methods, some touted as veritable miracle cures for diverse complaints. This phenomenon has caught the attention of scientist-practitioners in psychology, many of whom criticize these approaches as “pseudoscientific.” The purpose of this essay is to sketch a simpler, alternative approach to debunking dubious methods in clinical psychology. When therapeutic entrepreneurs make claims on behalf of their interventions, we should not waste our time trying to determine whether their interventions qualify as pseudoscientific. Rather, we should ask them: How do you know that your intervention works? What is your evidence?

Keywords: Pseudoscience  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

134. Greenwald, R. (1999, October ). January, 1997 Update on the information gap in the EMDR controversy. Child Trauma Institute.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
This entry updates: [Greenwald, R. (1996, February). The information gap in the EMDR controversy. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 27(1), 67-72]. In the 1996 article I argued that EMDR has been shown to be quite effective, particularly as a treatment for specific traumatic memories; and that contrary results can be explained by substandard practice (i.e., that EMDR per se was not being tested). It would follow that well-designed studies, involving therapists who are careful to use the EMDR protocol correctly, should yield positive results. In the case of EMDR, these results should be not merely equal to other established treatments, but far superior, as in other, similar studies.

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

135. Wendling, P. (2008, December). Knowledge gap exists on best practices for PTSD. Clinical Psychiatry News, 36(12), 10.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Keywords: Practice  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

136. Murray, K. (2013). L'EMDR avec le chagrin: Réflexions sur l'étude de 2001 de Ginny Sprang [EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 24E-28E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.E24.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
“Traduire la recherche en pratique” constitue une nouvelle rubrique régulière du journal dans laquelle des cliniciens font part d’exemples de cas cliniques qui soutiennent, exposent en détail ou illustrent les résultats d’une étude de recherche donnée. Chaque article commence par résumer l’étude en question pour ensuite apporter la description par le clinicien de son application des procédures EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) standard auprès de la population ou pour le problème traité dans l’étude. Cette rubrique est éditée par la fondation EMDR Research (recherche en EMDR) dans le but de fournir un lien entre la recherche et la pratique et de rendre pertinents les résultats de la recherche par rapports aux pratiques quotidiennes des thérapeutes. Dans la rubrique de ce numéro, Katy Murray se réfère à l’étude de Sprang (2001) qui a évalué le traitement EMDR du deuil complexe ; elle décrit comment elle a employé l’EMDR dans trois cas difficiles – une mère faisant le deuil de son fils jeune adulte, une femme en lutte avec la perte de sa mère à cause de la maladie d’Alzheimer et une jeune mère dont le fils est mort-né. Les exemples de cas sont suivis d’une discussion complète.

Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’ day-today practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are followed with a comprehensive discussion.

Keywords: Bridging Research  Grief  Mourning  Practice  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

137. Gauvreau, P. (2007). La methode eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) comme traitement du trouble d'anxiete generalisee [The method and eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) as treatment of generalized anxiety disorder] [Second article:] Preliminary evidence for the efficacy of EMDR in treating generalized anxiety disorder.. Universite de Sherbrooke, Canada, 115 pages. AAT NR37973.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This doctoral dissertation in clinical psychology sought to investigate the potential efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It consists of two articles. The first article, written in French, presents a recent review of the literature on the efficacy of EMDR in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Having focused on recent experimental designs and meta-analyses, this review indicates that (1) EMDR's efficacy is superior to the absence of treatment or than non-specific treatments; (2) EMDR and cognitive-behavioral approaches are equally efficacious in treating PTSD; and (3) that the effects of EMDR are maintained over time. A brief discussion on the possible distinctions between EMDR and exposure therapies is presented, as well as hypotheses concerning the possible role of eye movements.
The second article constituting this doctoral dissertation focuses on and presents the results following this initial investigation of EMDR's potential efficacy in treating GAD. A single-case design with multiple baselines across participants was used for this research. It sought to investigate to effects of 15 EMDR sessions for four participants. Results indicate that by targeting past experiential contributors, current and future triggers of excessive worry with EMDR, there was a statistically significant decrease in levels of excessive worry and its accompanying anxiety, as indicated by Time-series analyses. As well, various self-report and clinician administered measures show that at both post-treatment and at follow-up all four participants no longer presented a diagnosis of GAD.
First article is in French, Second article is in English

Keywords: GAD  Generalized Anxiety Disorder  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

138. Bossini, L., Tavanti, M., Calossi, S., Marino, G., Pieraccini, F., Vatti, G., & Castrogiovanni, P. (2008, Novembre). Le modificazioni del volume hippocampale dopo una terapia con EMDR nel PTSD [EMDR treatment for PTSD: effect on hippocampal volume]. Plenaria presentato le applicazioni cliniche di EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Molti studi di Risonanza Magnetica (RM) hanno mostrato che in pazienti con Disturbo Post-Traumatico da Stress (DPTS) è presente un volume ippocampale più piccolo se confrontato con i controlli sani. Allo stesso tempo altre indagini hanno mostrato che i farmaci psichiatrici bloccano gli effetti dello stress nell’ippocampo e promuovano la neurogenesi a livello ippocampale. Comunque il solo studio che ha investigato gli effetti di un tipo di psicoterapia non ha evidenziato modificazioni volumetriche significative (1). Scopo dello Studio: Scopo dello studio è indagare gli effetti del trattamento con EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) sul volume ippocampale e sui sintomi clinici di un gruppo di pazienti con DPTS. Metodologia: Abbiamo paragonato gli ippocampi di 9 pazienti con DPTS cronico e mai sottoposti ad alcun tipo di terapia (farmacologica e/o psicoterapica) a 9 soggetti sani accoppiati per sesso, età e scolarità. La diagnosi e la severità del DPTS è stata misurata tramite la Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) (Fase 1). Successivamente tutti i soggetti con DPTS sono stati sottoposti a 12 sedute settimanali di EMDR della durata di 90 minuti ciascuna e nuovamente sottoposti a valutazione clinica e RM (Fase 2). Risultati: Fase 1 - E’ stata scelta una p inferiore di .05 per indicare la significatività statistica. L’analisi della covarianza (ANCOVA) con l’emisfero (ippocampo sinistro vs. ippocampo destro) come fattore ripetuto, il volume totale cerebrale come covariata ha mostrato che i soggetti con DPTS hanno il volume ippocampale più piccolo rispetto ai controlli (F=12.53, d.f=1,15, p=.003). La media del punteggio della CAPS nei soggetti con DPTS era 55.78 ± 21.74. Fase 2 - Il trattamento con EMDR è associate ad un incremento del volume ippocampale sia a destra (5.9 %) (t=-3.34, df=8, p=.010) sia a sinistra (6.1 %) (t=-3.27, df=8, p=.011). I risultati indicano anche che il trattamento con EMDR produce un significativo decremento del punteggio totale della CAPS (da 55.78±21.74 a 19.33±15.49; t=4.78, df=8, p=.001 Conclusioni: La prima parte dello studio conferma i dati che mostrano che i soggetti con DPTS hanno un ippocampo più piccolo dei controlli sani La seconda parte suggerisce che il trattamento con EMDR può essere associato ad un miglioramento sintomatologico e ad un incremento del volume degli ippocampi. Questi risultati suggeriscono l’opportunità di continuare ad indagare gli effetti biologici delle psicoterapie.

Many studies of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed that in patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a smaller hippocampal volume compared with healthy controls. At the same time other studies have shown that psychiatric drugs block the effects of stress and promote hippocampus neurogenesis in the hippocampus. However, the only study that investigated the effects of a type of psychotherapy showed no significant volume changes (1). Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of treatment with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) on hippocampal volume and clinical symptoms of a group of patients with PTSD. Methods: We compared the hippocampi of nine patients with chronic PTSD and never subjected to any kind of treatment (pharmacological and / or psychotherapy) in 9 healthy subjects matched for sex, age and education. The diagnosis and severity of PTSD was measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) (Phase 1). Then all subjects with PTSD were subjected to 12 weekly sessions of EMDR lasting 90 minutes each and again subjected to clinical evaluation and MRI (Phase 2). Results: Step 1 - E 'was chosen p less than .05 to indicate statistical significance. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with hemisphere (left vs. hippocampus. Right hippocampus) as repeated factor, the total brain volume as covariate showed that individuals with PTSD have smaller hippocampal volume than controls (F = 12:53 , df = 1.15, p =. 003). The average score of the CAPS in subjects with PTSD was 55.78 ± 21.74. Step 2 - Treatment with EMDR is associated with an increase in both right hippocampal volume (5.9%) (t =- 3:34, df = 8, p =. 010) and left (6.1%) (t =- 3.27, df = 8, p =. 011). The results also indicate that treatment with EMDR produces a significant decrease in the CAPS total score (from 21.74 to 55.78 ± 19:33 15:49 ± t = 4.78, df = 8, p =. 001 Conclusion: The first part of the study confirms the data showing that individuals with PTSD have a smaller hippocampus of healthy controls The second part suggests that treatment with EMDR may be associated with symptomatic improvement and an increase in the volume of the hippocampus. These results suggest the desirability of continuing to investigate the biological effects of psychotherapy.

Keywords: Hippocampal Volume  Plenary  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

139. Kutz, I. (2009). Letters to the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 57-58. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.57.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
I sincerely thank Ms. Masters for her important comments. Indeed, to the list of confounding variables enumerated by Ms. Masters, one may add others like suggestibility, a trait present in some of the clients, that may be further infl uenced by the setting of the intervention or the personality of the clinician. So the question of correlation or casualty and the issue of specifi city are always pertinent. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Letter  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

140. van der Kolk, B., Korn, D., Weir, J., & Rozelle, D. (2004, September). Looking beyond the data:  Clinical lessons learned from an EMDR treatment outcome study. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
'Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice" is a euphemism frequently evoked and rarely accomplished The aim of this workshop is to present and discuss lessons learned during a four-year treatment outcome study that compared EMDR to Prozac and control conditions, looking beyond the data toward clinical implications and issues of effectiveness versus efficacy. Using a combination of lecture, handouts and videotapes the presenters will address issues around predictors of positive and negative treatment response including comorbid diagnosis, age of trauma onset, and treatment condition. Case conceptualization, selection and sequencing of targets in treatment planning, the role of therapeutic relationship, and using EMDR as a brief treatment intervention will also be explored.

Keywords: Treatment Outcome Study  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

141. Lambin, M. (2012, April). L’écran, un outil clinique en EMDR [The screen, a clinical tool in EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Canada.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract: Il est fréquent que des clients avec lesquels nous utilisons l’EMDR présentent des symptômes de dissociation au cours de la séance, particulièrement si les émotions deviennent très intenses ou si le souvenir du trauma est réactivé de façon très aigue. Parmi les stratégies que l’on peut utiliser à ce moment pour aider le client à rester dans l’expérience, l’écran s’avère un outil clinique extrêmement efficace. Le but de cet atelier est d’amener le clinicien à découvrir et expérimenter l’utilisation de l’écran dans le traitement en EMDR. Ainsi, lors de l’application du protocole en 8 étapes, si des symptômes dissociatifs apparaissent, l’écran permet une stabilisation et favorise la poursuite du traitement adaptatif de l’information. Le déroulement de cet atelier de 3 heures comporte un grand volet pratique pour permettre l’expérimentation et les échanges chez les participants. Ce qui favorise l’intégration des connaissances actuelles en EMDR ainsi que l’expérience clinique à partir d’un cas précis. L’apprentissage de cet outil donne accès aux ressources du client.
Objectifs d’apprentissage: 1. Approfondir les connaissances pour mieux cibler l’intervention en EMDR (facteurs facilitants et écueils rencontrés) 2. Reconnaître les manifestations des symptômes dissociatifs en cours de traitement EMDR 3. Faire l’apprentissage de l’écran comme outil clinique dans le traitement adaptatif de l’information 4. Privilégier l’accès du client à ses ressources 5. Favoriser le mouvement et la stabilisation de la personne par l’utilisation de cet outil dans le cadre des 8 étapes pour poursuivre le traitement EMDR.

It is common for clients with whom we use EMDR with symptoms of dissociation during the session, especially if emotions become intense or if the memory of the trauma was reactivated very acute. Among the strategies that can be used at this time to help the client to remain in the experiment, the screen is an extremely effective clinical tool. The purpose of this workshop is to bring the clinician to explore and experiment with using the screen in the EMDR treatment. Thus, when applying the protocol in 8 steps, if dissociative symptoms appear, the screen allows a stabilization and promotes the pursuit of adaptive processing of information. The course of this 3 hour workshop includes a large practical component to allow experimentation and exchanges among participants. Which promotes the integration of existing knowledge in EMDR and clinical experience from a case. Learning this tool provides access to client resources.
Learning Objectives: 1. Deepen the knowledge to better target intervention in EMDR (facilitating factors and pitfalls) 2. Recognize the manifestations of dissociative symptoms during treatment EMDR 3. Make learning the screen as a clinical tool in the adaptive processing of information 4. Preferred customer access to its resources 5. Encourage movement and stabilization of the person through the use of this tool as part of the 8 steps to continue the EMDR treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation  Screen  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

142. Giannantonio, M. (2008, Novembre). L’integrazione possible: accedere alle emozioni con strategie imaginative e corporee [Integration impossible: Access to emotions with imaginative and corporeal strategies]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Il modello paradigmatico di intervento clinico al quale l’EMDR si ispira è di non interferenza all’interno dell’elaborazione adattiva prodotta autonomamente dal paziente, stimolato da una ottimale relazione terapeutica e dalla stimolazione bilaterale all’interno di un campo di attenzione duale. Nondimeno, è esperienza abituale del clinico come tale modello incappi regolarmente all’interno di stalli rielaborativi che impediscono una adeguata desensibilizzazione e rielaborazione degli eventi stressanti o francamente traumatici. Per tale motivo, l’EMDR può massimizzare la sua efficacia psicoterapeutica attraverso l’impiego di specifiche strategie di “intervento cognitivo integrativo”, finalizzate all’implementazione adattiva ed ecologica delle risorse inattingibili da parte del paziente. In questa comunicazione, che prende in parte ispirazione dalle domande e dalle difficoltà emergenti nei colleghi durante l’attività di supervisione, attraverso numerose esemplificazioni cliniche si intenderà mostrare l’impiego flessibile ed euristico di strategie immaginative e corporee come interventi integrativi di particolare efficacia. In particolare, verrà posta una specifica attenzione nei confronti degli stalli integrativi dovuti principalmente a meccanismi dissociativi che possono causare difficoltà anche notevoli all’attività dello psicoterapeuta. Fenomeni dissociativi massicci, infatti, possono mostrarsi sin dall’inizio (in particolare qualora l’evento abbia suscitato una dissociazione peritraumatica), rendendo apparentemente non affrontabile il ricordo del paziente, in quanto non evocatore di alcuna risonanza emotiva; diversamente, la gestione dissociativa dei ricordi comparirà tra una seduta e l’altra, oppure all’interno del processo elaborativo condotto con l’EMDR. Verrà mostrato come la dissociazione, che può rendere impossibile l’elaborazione, possa essere gradualmente ridotta iperassociando il paziente nei confronti dei propri ricordi, di volta in volta privilegiando attività rivolte nei confronti delle immagini mentali oppure attraverso l’adozione di posture corporee finalizzate alla rottura delle barriere dissociative.

The paradigmatic model of clinical intervention in which EMDR is based is not interference in preparing adaptive generate themselves from the patient, stimulated by optimal therapeutic relationship and the bilateral stimulation within a field of attention dual. Nevertheless, it is habitual experience of the clinician how this model regularly encountering processed within stalls that prevent a adequate desensitization and reworking frankly stressful or traumatic events. Therefore, EMDR can maximize its effectiveness through the use of specific psychotherapeutic strategies, "Integrative cognitive intervention, aimed at the implementation of adaptive and ecological resources unattainable by the patient. In this communication, which takes some inspiration, the questions and difficulties emerging in the colleagues during the supervisory activities through numerous clinical examples to show you will understand the use of flexible, heuristic imaginative strategies and body as supplementary measures, particularly effective. In particular, specific attention will be paid in respect of the stalls due mainly to additional dissociative mechanisms that can cause considerable difficulties although the activity of psychotherapist. Dissociative phenomena massive, in fact, can show the beginning (in particularly if the event has generated a dissociation peritraumatica), making apparently not face the memory of the patient, because not suggestive of any resonance emotional, otherwise the management dissociative memories appear between sessions and one or within the computational process conducted with EMDR. Will be shown as the dissociation which may make it impossible to process, can be gradually reduced iperassociando the patient against their own recollections, each time focusing on activities aimed respect of mental images or through the adoption of body postures designed to rupture of dissociative barriers.

Keywords: Imaginative Strategies  Somatic Interventions  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

143. Engelhard, I. M. (2012, June). Making science work in mental health care. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3(Special Section), 1-7. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.18740.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There is increasing attention for embedding research in mental healthcare. This involves a linkage between scientific research and routine practice, where research is fed by questions from practice and scientific insights are implemented better and faster in clinical practice. This paper illustrates bridging the gap, by focusing on eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), and provides arguments why it is relevant to connect research and practice. It also discusses why experimental psychopathology may have a substantial contribution.

Keywords: Experimental Psychopathology  Inaugural Lecture  Practice  Science  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

144. Usita, A. L. (2012, April). Mental health providers' perspectives on youth trauma services: Usual care and evidence-based practices. University of Hawaii at Hilo. 1511570.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract: Evidence-based practices (EBPs) are a means to improve the quality of care within children's mental health. Currently, little is known about independent practitioners' use of EBPs in treating children who have experienced traumatic events. Qualitative methodology was used to examine clinician's practice patterns, perceptions and knowledge regarding EBPs in treatment of children with trauma histories. Twenty-one interviews were conducted, representing clinicians within the public school, private practice, and third party provider agency settings. Open coding analysis was used to examine relevant themes surrounding youth trauma care. Clinicians identified often utilizing a variety of cognitive, art, play and humanistic therapies. Of note regarding treatment practices, clinicians discussed limited use of Exposure. There was also expressed interest in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR] and tapping. Though use of EBPs (or components of EBPs) is one of many approaches within therapists' "toolbox" of interventions to choose from various concerns were voiced regarding EBPs. Interviews indicate that limited use of specific treatments including EBPs may be due to limited training and understanding. Clinicians displayed apprehension in using any one specific treatment practice for all clients with trauma related issues, and were cautious when discussing the term "evidence-based" specifically. Generally, positive attitudes towards EBPs as aiding in accountability and for informing practices have been stated, along with concern over managed care, use of EBPs as guidelines and applicability to varied diverse cultural populations.

Keywords: EBP  Evidence-based practices  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

145. Kehle, S., Polusny, M., & Meis, L. (2009, November). A meta-analytic review of exposure therapy and EMDR in the treatment of adult PTSD. Presentation at the 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) and exposure therapies (e.g. prolonged exposure therapy) have both been recommended as first-line treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, relatively little is known about the comparative efficacy of the two types of treatments. To date, the few studies that have been conducted have small sample sizes, making it difficult to draw conclusions. The goal of the current study was to use meta-analytic techniques to synthesize the existing data on the relative efficacy of exposure therapies and EMDR. Through a comprehensive literature search, we identified six randomized control trials that met our inclusion criteria. We calculated Hedges g effect sizes for the continuous variables (positive values favor exposure therapies) and risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous variables (values greater than one favor exposure therapies). EMDR and exposure therapies did not differ significantly on clinician-rated PTSD (g = 0.32), self-report PTSD (g = -0.08), selfreport depression (g = -0.01), loss of PTSD diagnosis (RR = 1.46), or dropout (RR = 0.79). However, higher-quality studies (based on Foa & Meadows’ 1997 criteria) consistently favored exposure therapies. Clinical implications will be discussed

Keywords: Exposure Therapy  Meta-analysis  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

146. Kehle, S., Polusny, M., & Meis, L. (2009, November). A meta-analytic review of exposure therapy and EMDR in the treatment of adult PTSD. Presentation at the 25th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment Studies: I
Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) and exposure therapies (e.g. prolonged exposure therapy) have both been recommended as first-line treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, relatively little is known about the comparative efficacy of the two types of treatments. To date, the few studies that have been conducted have small sample sizes, making it difficult to draw conclusions. The goal of the current study was to use meta-analytic techniques to synthesize the existing data on the relative efficacy of exposure therapies and EMDR. Through a comprehensive literature search, we identified six randomized control trials that met our inclusion criteria. We calculated Hedges g effect sizes for the continuous variables (positive values favor exposure therapies) and risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous variables (values greater than one favor exposure therapies). EMDR and exposure therapies did not differ significantly on clinician-rated PTSD (g = 0.32), self-report PTSD (g = -0.08), selfreport depression (g = -0.01), loss of PTSD diagnosis (RR = 1.46), or dropout (RR = 0.79). However, higher-quality studies (based on Foa & Meadows’ 1997 criteria) consistently favored exposure therapies. Clinical implications will be discussed.

Keywords: Adult  Exposure Therapy  Meta-Analytic Review  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

147. Kaplan, S. & van Ommeren, M. (2001, June). A model for training in low income countries:  Nepal. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(2), 4.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
EMDR training is always a challenge. Training paraprofessionals across cultures in low- income countries in a safe and sustainable way is an even greater challenge. Under the auspices of EMDR-HAP, we recently offered training to paraprofessionals in Nepal, who work with victims of torture. The training consisted of four key elements: 1. The paraprofessionals who participated had been trained and were experienced in effective counseling methods other than EMDR. 2. The training was tailored to the needs of the trainees, to the needs of their clients, and included a significant amount of supervised practice. 3. It was a combined effort with a visiting trainer and a seasoned EMDR therapist who was associated with and had prepared the trainees for the training. 4. This local clinician offered immediate and on-going follow up consultation/ supervision.

Keywords: Nepal  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

148. de Bont, P. A., van den Berg, D. P., van der Vleugel, B. M., de Roos, C., Mulder, C. L., Becker, E. S., de Jongh, A., van der Gaag, M., & van Minnen, A. (2013, May). A multi-site single blind clinical study to compare the effects of prolonged exposure, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and waiting list on patients with a current diagnosis of psychosis and co morbid post traumatic stress disorder: Study protocol for the randomized controlled trial treating trauma in psychosis. Trials, 14(5), 151. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-151.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Trauma contributes to psychosis and in psychotic disorders post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often a comorbid disorder. A problem is that PTSD is underdiagnosed and undertreated in people with psychotic disorders. This study's primary goal is to examine the efficacy and safety of prolonged exposure and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD in patients with both psychotic disorders and PTSD, as compared to a waiting list. Secondly, the effects of both treatments are determined on (a) symptoms of psychosis, in particular verbal hallucinations, (b) depression and social performance, and (c) economic costs. Thirdly, goals concern links between trauma exposure and psychotic symptomatology and the prevalence of exposure to traumatic events, and of PTSD. Fourthly predictors, moderators, and mediators for treatment success will be explored. These include cognitions and experiences concerning treatment harm, credibility and burden in both participants and therapists. Methods: A short PTSD-screener assesses the possible presence of PTSD in adult patients (21- to 65- years old) with psychotic disorders, while the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale interview will be used for the diagnosis of current PTSD. The M.I.N.I. Plus interview will be used for diagnosing lifetime psychotic disorders and mood disorders with psychotic features. The purpose is to include consenting participants (N = 240) in a multi-site single blind randomized clinical trial. Patients will be allocated to one of three treatment conditions (N = 80 each): prolonged exposure or EMDR (both consisting of eight weekly sessions of 90 minutes each) or a six-month waiting list. All participants are subjected to blind assessments at pre-treatment, twomonths post treatment, and six monthspost treatment. In addition, participants in the experimental conditions will have assessments at mid treatment and at 12 months follow-up. Discussion: The results from the post treatment measurement can be considered strong empirical indicators of the safety and effectiveness of prolonged exposure and EMDR. The six-month and twelve-month follow-up data have the potential of reliably providing documentation of the long-term effects of both treatments on the various outcome variables. Data from pre-treatment and midtreatment can be used to reveal possible pathways of change.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN79584912.

Keywords: Multi-Site Study  Prolonged Exposure  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Psychosis  Randomized Control Trial  RCT  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

149. Bradley, R., Greene, J., Russ, E., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005, February). A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 214-227. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.214.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: The authors present a multidimensional meta-analysis of studies published between 1980 and 2003 on psychotherapy for PTSD. Method: Data on variables not previously meta-analyzed such as inclusion and exclusion criteria and rates, recovery and improvement rates, and follow-up data were examined. Results: Results suggest that psychotherapy for PTSD leads to a large initial improvement from baseline. More than half of patients who complete treatment with various forms of cognitive behavior therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing improve. Reporting of metrics other than effect size provides a somewhat more nuanced account of outcome and generalizability. Conclusions: The majority of patients treated with psychotherapy for PTSD in randomized trials recover or improve, rendering these approaches some of the most effective psychosocial treatments devised to date. Several caveats, however, are important in applying these findings to patients treated in the community. Exclusion criteria and failure to address polysymptomatic presentations render generalizability to the population of PTSD patients indeterminate. The majority of patients posttreatment continue to have substantial residual symptoms, and follow-up data beyond very brief intervals have been largely absent. Future research intended to generalize to patients in practice should avoid exclusion criteria other than those a sensible clinician would impose in practice (e.g., schizophrenia), should avoid wait-list and other relatively inert control conditions, and should follow patients through at least 2 years. [Author Abstract]
Erratum in American Journal of Psychiatry 2005, Apr, 162(4), 832 and 2006, Feb, 163(2), 330

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy  Meta Analysis  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Psychotherapy  PTSD  Treatment  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

150. Glang, C. (1998, September). Multiple positive cognitions. EMDRIA Newsletter, 3(3), 17-19.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
In Shapiro’s (1995) metaphor of EMDR treatment as a train ride, the positive cognition (PC) serves as a kind of magnet to draw the train forward. She suggests that, at the beginning, the client can often see only modest potential gains, or “part way down the track.” Thus, the PC may contain limitations which are transcended during the session. In such cases, at the journey’s end, the client is able to identify a more positive cognition, which had previously been beyond his view. The clinician is therefore advised to ask if the original PC still fits, or if there is another statement which is more pertinent. It is possible to further access the client’s new vision by encouraging him to identify all the positive self-statements which emerge from the work. Installing these multiple PCs can enhance the effectiveness of EMDR.

Keywords: Positive Cognitions  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

151. Manfield, P. (1995, June). Narcissistic disorders:  Using EMDR with these difficult clients. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Definition of client population: Disorder of the self. The narcissistic character is often identified by his or her grandiose facade concealing an underlying sense of emptiness and worthlessness. To experience the underlying emptiness is so painful for them that these people cut off their inner experience and rely instead on external admiration and praise to support their grandiose or superior view of themselves; their condition is often referred to as a "disorder of the self." Because of their dependence on others for their sense of themselves, they are exquisitely sensitive to criticism or disapproval, often warding off deflation by becoming increasingly grandiose, superior, disdainful or demeaning. Many conceal their grandiosity, maintaining a secret sense of superiority which may be based upon their perfectionism or their quiet devaluing of others. View of others: there is a range of severity of the narcissistic character from personality disorders to a narcissistic character style. People with personality disorders, are unable to form a trusting bond with another person; they view people primarily as interchangeable, performing a function which could equally be performed by many others. Less impaired narcissistic characters, however, are able to form varying degrees of attachments to other people, although their ability to trust and care about other people is limited. Most commonly they relate to people they can idealize or be admired by. People tend to be seen in extremes as either superior and powerful or inferior and worthless; supportive and admiring or critical and attacking. Difficulties in using EMDR: Clinically these clients represent a difficult and often frustrating population to treat; they are brittle and easily injured if they to not feel perfectly understood by their therapists, and they will distance at the slightest hint that they are being judged or used. They resist focusing inward and defining their problems as arising within themselves, and find it difficult to sustain any genuine affect, other than perhaps rage. If they feel understood and accepted, however, they will eventually talk about their sense of emptiness and worthlessness and their confusion about who they are and what is truly meaningful and valuable to them. Beck, Young and others have described factors that make it difficult to treat any personality disorder using a cognitive behavioral approach. There have in fact been very few reported "successes" in the literature. Most of the difficulties are related to the self and object splitting characteristic of these clients. These clients have limited access to feelings, limited access to spontaneous thoughts, body sensations, memories, etc., and vague unfocussed presenting problems making targeting difficult. They usually have difficulty with emotional and often intellectual continuity from session to session; they will rarely keep a log or follow through with homework; transference issues often come into central focus and must be addressed before other targets; and their selfdefeating beliefs and behavior patterns are extremely deeply held, pervasive and resistant to change. In addition to varying degrees of these difficulties, narcissistic clients present all of the problems in EMDR that they do in more traditional therapies; including their tendencies to act out, deny, and avoid. These and other defenses interfere with completion of segments of therapeutic work and make it difficult for the clinician to keep work focused within one neural network. Self and object splitting leads to continuity problems within or between sessions and a difficulty maintaining clarity about the reason for being in treatment. The client may feel suicidal one week and declare himself or herself to be fully recovered the next. Perhaps the most confirming aspect of the treatment of these clients, however, is their emotionally impoverished pasts; they have very limited experience of nurturing, loving and caring to draw !?om in order to interweave new meanings and perspectives into traumatic or painful past experiences. Length of treatment: I have found that I have been able to achieve good results with higher level narcissistic clients with whom I have had an established relationship at the time I introduced EMDR into the treatment. My results with clients who have come to therapy asking specifically for EMDR and with whom I have begun using EMDR soon after the beginning of treatment have been generally poorer, varying with the severity of the client's disorder, the less severe doing best. The client needs to be able to establish a meaningful trusting relationship with the therapist; the more severe the client's difficulties with attachment, the more time this process requires. Narcissistic clients do not tend to see their difficulty with vulnerability, trust and intimacy as a problem within themselves. If they are able to recognize personal problems, they are usually in the area of self esteem and obstacles to achievement. When they are able to resolve some of these latter problems fairly rapidly through treatment they tend to terminate, no longer seeing a sufficient purpose for treatment. In a sense, they can become better narcissists; their grandiose view of themselves is enhanced and they are reinforced in their use of self-sufficiency as a defense against interpersonal vulnerability. I view the relative efficiency of EMDR as a problem for deeper treatment of narcissistic clients because there is less time for the therapeutic relationship to develop and consequently a limited opportunity to impact the client's object splitting. I believe that this is why I have found EMDR with narcissistic clients to be most effective when it is introduced after a therapeutic relationship has had time to develop. Negative cognitions: The early maladaptive schemas of narcissistic clients are pervasive in their lives and point to a plethora of negative cognitions. Typical early schemas are: I must control myself (or my feelings, my behavior, my body) at all times; no one cares; my needs will never be met; I can't trust anyone; I am deeply flawed and unlovable; I am dikeable, unattractive to others; I will always fail; my flaws are totally unacceptable to others; I must be perfect or I am worthless; I deserve to be treated more specially than others; I must please others to avoid attack; I'm alone; nobody understands me; I am OK if I am better than others; I am OK only if others admire me. It is often helpful to narrow these cognitions down to make them manageable with EMDR Treatment: In addition to the recommended protocol of establishing a safe space to which the client can retreat if necessary, before doing an EMDR session with one of these clients, the therapist should identify as many of the client's emotional resources possible, in particular expriences if any of having felt loved and accepted ad examples of loving people or relationships the client has observed Among other things, these facilitate more effective copitive interweaves. The initial task in doing an EMDR session with this client population is to establish an appropriate and richly defined target. Since it is more difficult for these clients to access meanm&l memories in an emotionally alive way, the therapist must be more active in helping the client stimulate the associated neural netork as I l l y as possible. In addition to the client's reaction to the plight of children he may be related to or observe (Level I1 training), a rich source of emotional responsiveness and resources is the client's own response to situations he has witnessed in news media, TV, movies or theater. A major challenge in addressing a narcissistic character type using EMDR is tracking the course of the session with these clients and identifying when they drip out of the targeted neural network. This process can be subtle because it requires an ability to differentiate true avoidance hm spontaneous associations which may appear at hat to be irrelevant; it requires a familiarity with and sensitivity to the protective or defensive mechanisms they use to insulate themselves fiom painful memories and affect. As the patterns ofmovement in and out of the targeted network are identified it is important to use interventions that are experienced by the client as supportive but nevertheless make hun or her aware of having wandered. Although the narcissistic client may initiate treatment with the stated goal of improving his performance in specified areas, he will agree upon reflection that the real problem is that he feels an overriding need to perform in order to feel worthwhile. Since he has never known any other way of dealing with his self-worth, he will be skeptical about whether it is possible to feel a sense of worth that is not based upon performance, and it is easy for the therapist to lose perspective and join him in that beliet especially while doing EMDR with its potential for reprocessing with extraordinary precision specific obstacles to performance. The therapist must, however, retain her healthy perspective if the client is to learn to accept himself. For more clinical information about treating disorders of the self: 1.)Beck, Aaron T., et al, Cognitive Therapy Of Personality Disorder Guilford Press, New York, N. Y., 1990 2.)Manfield, Philip, Split Self/Split Object: Understanding And Treating Borderline, Narcissistic And Schizoid Disorders, Jason Aronson Publishers, Northvale, N.J., 1992. 3.)Young, Jeffrey, E, Cognitive Therapy For Personality Disorders: A Schema-Focused Approach, Professional Resource Exchange, Inc., Sarasota, Florida, 1990.

Keywords: Narcissistic Personality Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

152. Uram, S. (2008, June). The neurobiology of adult and childhod trauma made simple: What every EMDR clinician should know. Presentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop presents three related and integrated themes: I. - The neurobiology of trauma made simple, yet highly “usable” for clinical formulation. A. How trauma is defined by our culture and DSM-IV, versus the reality of how each human brain individually “defines” trauma. Organized and logical presentation of clinically relevant brain parts/circuits and how they process, or don’t adequately process traumatic experiences; the differing length of time the effects of trauma may manifest from these parts; the masking and masquerading of earlier traumas by the prefrontal cortex, etc. Which brain parts/circuits “trump” one another, and how this shows up in symptoms, in our personalities or in our relationships. II. - Child/Adolescent/Adult stages of human brain development made simple, but geared for clinical understanding and EMDR treatment planning. Childhood through young adulthood brain development generally mature along a sequence; Bottom to Top, and Inner to Outer .The brain areas that become more active as 31 children mature “show up” as increasing or decreasing behaviours, levels of thinking abilities, levels of emotional and mood development/stability, relational abilities, decreased dominance of certain other brain parts, etc.. Symptoms frequently reflect how each person’s level of brain maturation “filters” life experience at a given time. III. - Trauma neurobiology + different stages of brain development = potentially very different EMDR formulations, negative cognitions, etc. How the child and adult brain can identify “danger”, and therefore, “trauma” similarly, or very differently. How trauma is “understood” in the adult brain and the child brain. How and why “danger” or “traumas” are perceived, processed and present differently in children and adults

Keywords: Neurobiology  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

153. Dees, L. (2006, November 10). A new way to treat stress:  Trauma responds to moving-finger-therapy. Biloxi, MS:  Sun Herald, Your Life,  B1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Jeffries' psychologist used eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing. EMDR therapy is based on the principle that traumatic memories are stored differently in the brain --- recorded as bits and pieces. EMDR tries to create "cohesive images" by adding clinician-guided eye movements and tactile stimulation to the traditional intellectual approach.

Keywords: Biloxi  General  Overview  Stress  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

154. Wilkinson, D. S. (2008, March). On PTSD. Monitor on Psychology, 39(3), 4, 8.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
It was disappointing that the Institute of Medicine (IoM) panel findings gave so links coverage to Eye Movement Desensirizacion and Reprocessing (EMDR). As a clinician in private practice who has treated active-duty military personnel, the clear advantage that EMDR has over the other treatments for PTSD is how quickly it works and that it is less painful for the client. Exposure therapy can be excruciating for the client and has a high drop-out rate as a result. Medication for PTSD only treats the symptoms.

Keywords: Letter  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

155. Presser, L. (2008, November 12). Online collection is on PTSD eye therapy. The Northerner.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Northern Kentucky University recently unveiled the Francine Shapiro Library, an online collection of nearly 4,000 citations to writings about a form of psychotherapy called Eye-Movement-Desensitization-Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR treats post-traumatic stress disorder, according to the EMDR International Association Web site. Eye movement is thought to be involved in the brain's memory processes. To treat the disorder, EMDR's patients watch the rapid movement of a clinician's finger while recalling a traumatic event.

Keywords: Francine Shapiro Library  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

156. Becker-Fritz, T., Donovan, L., Heiman, M., Waldon, A., Peck, B., Siegel, M., & Packwood, S. (2007, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population. Open forum (Moderator, T. Becker-Fritz) presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population, as well as focus on clinical issues that can be treated effectively with EMDR. It can feel overwhelming for the clinician to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating children and adolescents. The first topic will address identifying the challenges that children and adolescents present and understand adjustments in the EMDR protocol to accommodate the needs or limitations. The second topic will demonstrate how and when a structured format can facilitate effective EMDR treatment with children. The final topic will identify the challenges of using standard EMDR protocols with adolescents and special issues to consider when preparing them. The members of the panel are the current and immediate past chairs of the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience. The program will be moderated by the Executive Chair, encouraging audience participation throughout the 3 hour program.

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  Open Forum  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

157. Becker-Fritz, T., Carson, S., Donovan, L., Froning, M., Heiman, M., Peterson, G., & Packwood, B. (2003, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of  EMDR with child/adolescent population - Facilitated by the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent Special Interest Group Chairs. Open formum presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population. It can feel overwhelming for the clinician to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing, or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating chlldren and adolsecents. Topics that will be presented and followed with audience discussion include use of EMDR with the following: attachment disorders, children and adolescents in residential treatment, dissociative disorders, sexually reactive kids, children with AD/HD, and unresolved grief issues. The members of the panel are the current chairs of the Child/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience.

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  Open Forum  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

158. Marich, J. N. (2009, April). Perceptions of EMDR amongst practicing clinicians: Preliminary findings and implications for practice setting. Capella University & PsyCare, Inc..

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been established through randomized controlled research and recognized by reputable clinical bodies. This article uses a mixed methodology to determine the knowledge and perceptual base of EMDR amongst a sampling of practicing clinicians, and to ascertain any significant correlations between clinician variables and their perceptions of EMDR. The qualitative component explores how a psychoeducational workshop on EMDR impacted the samplings’ perceptions of EMDR. The overall receptivity to the use of EMDR in clinical settings was positive, with very few of the participants indicating previous reception of negative material on EMDR. This article offers implications for implementing EMDR in public practice settings since the majority of the study’s participants practice in such settings.

Keywords: Clinician Variables  Perceptions of EMDR  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

159. Spierings, J. (2010, June). Power-interweaves: (Non-)cognitive interweaves for persistent guilt and other tenacious problems. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with severely damaged clients, the clinician many times is faced with complex and challenging problems. and staying out of the way during the desensitization phase definitely not enough to get the SUD's down. In this workshop a number of new types of interweaves will be presented, developed to deal with clients who get severely stuck during the desensitization phase, mostly in complex guilt-issues. Many times standard cognitive interweaves are not enough to unblock the EMDR processing, and the clinician has to be creative in order to help clients with these difficult issues. The more damaged the client, the more powerful interweaves are needed. In this presentation new types of high-impact interweaves are introduced, involving non-cognitive aspects, e.g. visual, sensorimotor, symbolic, spiritual. Learning objectives: 1. Participants develop sensitivity to the dynamics underlying complex guilt-related problems. 2. Participants learn about the characteristics of high-impact interventions. 3. Participants learn to use their own creativity in developing new interweaves. 4. Participants add several powerful new interweaves to their of existing repertoire. New in this presentation: These interweaves have not been described or presented before. They are applied within the standard EMDR-protocol, so they are an extension of existing principles and techniques.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave  Persistent Guilt  Power Interweave  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

160. Ehntholt, K. A., & Yule, W. (2006, December). Practitioner review: Assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war-related trauma. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 47(12), 1197-1210. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01638.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Increasingly clinicians are being asked to assess and treat young refugees, who have experienced traumatic events due to war and organised violence. However, evidence-based guidance remains scarce. Mthod: Published studies on the mental health difficulties of refugee children and adolescents, associated risk and protective factors, as well as effective interventions, particularly those designed to reduce war-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, were identified and reviewed. The findings are summarised. Results: Young refugees are frequently subjected to multiple traumatic events and severe losses, as well as ongoing stressors within the host country. Although young refugees are often resilient, many experience mental health difficulties, including PTSD, depression, anxiety and grief. An awareness of relevant risk and protective factors is important. A phased model of intervention is often useful and the need for a holistic approach crucial. Promising treatments for alleviating symptoms of war-related PTSD include cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT), testimonial psychotherapy, narrative exposure therapy (NET) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Knowledge of the particular needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC), working with interpreters, cross-cultural differences, medico-legal report writing and the importance of clinician self-care is also necessary. Conclusion: More research is required in order to expand our limited knowledge base.

Keywords: CBT  Children  Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy  Literature Review  Narrative Exposure Therapy  NET  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  War Refugees  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

161. ten Broeke, E., de Jongh, A., & Oppenheim, H.-J. (2009). Praktijkboek EMDR: Casusconceptualisatie en specifieke patiëntengroepen [EMDR practice book: Conceptualization and specific patient groups]. Amsterdam, Nederland: Pearson Assessment en Informatie.

Language: Dutch

Format: Book

Abstract:
Het Handboek EMDR is het leerboek bij de EMDR basistrainingen die door de Vereniging EMDR Nederland worden erkend. Wat in het handboek ontbreekt, is informatie over de behandeling van lastige problematiek en ernstig beschadigde patiënten. Het Praktijkboek EMDR voorziet in deze lacune. Het is daarmee het boek waarmee de vele toepassingsmogelijkheden van deze methode op heldere wijze worden beschreven. Een aantal experts is gevraagd hun ervaringen met EMDR bij een specifieke doelgroep of stoornis (onder anderen kinderen, patiënten met eetstoornissen, complexe traumagerelateerde stoornissen of ernstige persoonlijkheidspathologie) te beschrijven. De nadruk ligt daarbij op de praktijk. Om deze bijdragen van een kader te voorzien wordt allereerst uitgebreid stilgestaan bij de voor EMDR kenmerkende wijze van conceptualiseren van klachten, het identificeren van de juiste targets en de daaruit voortvloeiende behandeling. Daaropvolgend wordt uitgelegd op welke wijze specifieke en specialistische interventies kunnen worden ingezet. Dit wordt geïllustreerd aan de hand van heldere protocollen, opmerkelijke casuïstiek en verduidelijkende stukjes dialoog. Het boek is daarmee een must voor iedere behandelaar in de GGZ die de volledige reikwijdte van EMDR wil leren gebruiken. De derde druk is sterk gewijzigd ten opzichte van de vorige druk.

The Handbook is the textbook at the EMDR EMDR basic training recognized by the Association. EMDR Netherlands What is missing in the handbook, information on the treatment of difficult problems and severely damaged patients. The EMDR Practice Book provides this gap. This makes the book that the many applications of this method are described. Clear way A number of experts were asked to a specific audience or disorder to describe their experiences. EMDR (among others children, patients with eating disorders, complex trauma-related disorders or severe personality disorders) The emphasis is on practice. To provide these contributions a framework is first elaborated on the EMDR typically of conceptualizing complaints, identifying the right targets and the resulting treatment. Subsequently explains how specific and specialized interventions can be deployed. This is illustrated on the basis of clear protocols, noteworthy cases and clarifying pieces of dialogue. The book is therefore a must for every practitioner in mental health that the full scope of EMDR wants to learn. The third edition has changed compared to the previous edition.

Keywords: Text Book  Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

162. Karatzias, A., Power, K., McGoldrick, T., Brown, K., Buchanan, R., Sharp, D., & Swanson, V. (2007, February). Predicting treatment outcome on three measures for post-traumatic stress disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 257(1), 40-46. doi:10.1007/s00406-006-0682-2.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors of treatment outcome for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after treatment completion and at 15-months follow-up (n = 48), in a trial of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) versus Imaginal Exposure and Cognitive Restructuring (E+CR). Factors associated with treatment outcome were investigated using regression analyses with the mean change scores in three assessor and self-rated PTSD symptomatology measures, including the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and the PTSD Symptom Checklist (PCL) from pre- to post-treatment and pre-treatment to follow-up as the dependent variables and demographics, trauma, clinical and personality measures as independent variables. Irrespective to outcome measures and assessment points it was found that four variables were able to predict significantly treatment outcome. These included baseline PTSD symptomatology, number of sessions, gender and therapy type. Overall, our results showed that it is difficult to use pre-treatment variables as a powerful and reliable tool for predicting treatment outcome, as significant predictors were found to be sample-specific and outcome measure-specific. Clinical relevance of the present results and directions for future research are discussed.

Keywords: Empirical Study  Postraumatic Stress Disorder  Predictors  PTSD  Quantitative Study  Treatment Outcome  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

163. Shapiro, F. (2002, June). Protecting the future. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In the past 12 years, EMDR has evolved into an integrative treatment approach emphasizing not only symptom elimination, but learning and personal growth as well. However, the degree to which the client is benefited is determined by the orientation of the clinician. Likewise, the degree to which society is benefited is determined by the orientation of our field. What have we accomplished so far and what remains to be done? This presentation will review the history of EMDR over the last 12 years and the implications of these events for the future.

Keywords: History  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

164. Omaha, J. (2004). Psychotherapeutic interventions for emotion regulation:  EMDR and bilateral stimulation for affect management. New York:  W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
The present work represents a new phase in a profound revolution in psychotherapy, in which affects take their rightful place of equality with cognitions, drives, and behavior among the modalities that must be interpreted by theory and embraced by therapy in understanding both normal and pathological personality development (Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995). The book synthesizes experimental and theoretical advances regarding the primacy of affect in both human psychological health and dysfunction. These advances are translated into practical clinical applications the clinician can immediately utilize. The clinical interventions presented here are solidly grounded in recent experimental advances in understanding the developmental neurobiology of affect (Schore, 1994). These skills and concepts lay the foundation for a new approach to treating psychopathology that begins with the affects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Affect Management  Emotional Control  Emotional States  Mental Health  Personality Development  Personality Disorders  Psychopathology  Psychotherapeutic Techniques  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

165. Blore, D. C., & Holmshaw, E. M. (2006, March). The railway experience: 'Being in control' the non-disclosure of traumatic memory content and what the EMDR clinician can do. Presentation at the 4th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The very thought of not being in control of an experience is, to some clients/employees, an incredibly difficult concept to grasp. Train drivers who, like ship's captains and aeroplane pilots, have very specific roles and responsibilities have undergone training which will have included specific operational, legal and social requirements to 'be in control at all times'. Even, it would appear, when their beliefs are shattered such as in the case of train drivers and railway suicides. Clinically this situation presents as a wish to presewe the belief of 'being in control' by not disclosing memories. This could cause problems with clients being labelled as non-compliant or dropping out of treatment. A technique for using EMDR tlgt allows treatment to proceed under these circumstances is described, the experience being gained during the treatment of 28 traumatised train crew who wished to 'remain in control' of their traumatic memories (i.e. not disclose traumatic experiences even to the therapist), because - as it transpired -of emotions of shame, guilt, and embarrassment or perceptions of blame. The second part of the presentation gives delegates a mini-practicum experience to try the technique out for themselves under the auspices of two EMDR Consultants.

Keywords: Railway  Train  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

166. van der Kolk, B. A., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M. E., Hopper, J. W., Hopper, E. K., Korn, D. L., & Simpson, W. B. (2007, January). A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Treatment effects and long-term maintenance. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(1), 37-46. doi:10.4088/JCP.v68n0105.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: The relative short-term efficacy and long-term benefits of pharmacologic versus psychotherapeutic interventions have not been studied for PTSD. This study compared the efficacy of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, with a psychotherapeutic treatment, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and pill placebo and measured maintenance of treatment gains at 6-month follow-up. Method: 88 PTSD subjects diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria were randomly assigned to EMDR, fluoxetine, or pill placebo. They received 8 weeks of treatment and were assessed by blind raters posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, DSM-IV version, and the secondary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The study ran from July 2000 through July 2003. Results: The psychotherapy intervention was more successful than pharmacotherapy in achieving sustained reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms, but this benefit accrued primarily for adult-onset trauma survivors. At 6-month follow-up, 75.0% of adult-onset versus 33.3% of child-onset trauma subjects receiving EMDR achieved asymptomatic end-state functioning compared with none in the fluoxetine group. For most childhood-onset trauma patients, neither treatment produced complete symptom remission. Conclusions: This study supports the efficacy of brief EMDR treatment to produce substantial and sustained reduction of PTSD and depression in most victims of adult-onset trauma. It suggests a role for SSRIs as a reliable first-line intervention to achieve moderate symptom relief for adult victims of childhood-onset trauma. Future research should assess the impact of lengthier intervention, combination treatments, and treatment sequencing on the resolution of PTSD in adults with childhood-onset trauma. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Depressive Disorders  Empirical Study  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Quantitative Study  Random Clinical Trial  RCT  Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

167. Cusack, K. J. (2001). Refugee experiences of trauma and PTSD: Effects on psychological, physical, and financial well-being. Western Michigan University. AAT 3028752.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study examined the traumatic experiences and psychological symptoms of 60 refugees who were recently resettled in the United States. Subjects were from Cuba, Iraq, Haiti, Sudan, and Bosnia. Data was collected for each subject on traumatic experiences occurring prior to their arrival. In addition, anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSC-25). Quality of life and coping skills were assessed using the WHO Quality of Life-BREF and the Coping Styles Questionnaire, respectively. Trained, bi-lingual interviewers assessed for PTSD using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. All instruments were translated into the appropriate language for subjects who did not speak English. Measures were back-translated to assure accuracy of translations. Three months following their arrival, information was collected regarding employment and public assistance. Predictors of PTSD, quality of life, and refugee self-sufficiency were analyzed using multiple regression and logistic regression analyses. Trauma-related variables were predictive of PTSD, which in turn had a negative impact on quality of life and self-sufficiency. Implications for the resettlement programs of government and non-governmental organizations are discussed.

Keywords: Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSC-25)  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  PTSD Scale  Surveys  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

168. Dworkin, M. (2002, June). Relational strategies in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Many memories, explicit and implicit, and their concomitant sensations, are stimulated intersubjectively, spontaneously, and continuously, forming a multiplicity of feedback loops from clinician's witting and unwitting participation in these processes. Transferential remarks may become sources of potential targeting, which may spontaneously bring the client back to old unfinished material. Somatomsensory countertransferential reactions may serve as sources of rich data to identify and work out blocks at a moment that a session seems to stall. The Relational Interweave, a relatively new intersubjective strategy, takes reactions of clinician and client into account and opens opportunities for new and more powerful links to positive neural networks enhancing the work. This workshop will teach rapid methods of identifying and sequencing and intervening in this intersubjective processes.

Keywords: Relational Interweave  Relational Strategies  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

169. Wheeler, K. (2010, September/October). Research EMDR in your practice. Presentaion at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Research in EMDR practice is critically important in determining the ‘value’ of EMDR to clients, insurers, policymakers, the general public and ourselves. This presentation will provide the EMDR clinician with levels of evidence; the elements of the research process; the how, when and where to measure outcomes; and components of a time-series case study design. Comparing the client’s own to the scores at different points in time to themselves is considered a bona fide research design that makes an empirically valid case study worthy of publication. Resources and opportunities available to the budding EMDR researcher are examined. Research consultation for your project will be available by members of EMDRIA's Research Committee from 12:15pm to 1:15pm in the same room after this presentation.

Keywords: Research  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

170. Wheeler, K. (2011, August). Research EMDR in your practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Research in EMDR practice is critically important in determining the ‘value’ of EMDR to clients, insurers, policymakers, the general public and ourselves. This presentation will provide the EMDR clinician with levels of evidence; the elements of the research process; the how, when and where to measure outcomes; and components of a time-series case study design. Comparing the client’s own scores at different points in time to themselves is considered a bona fide research design that makes an empirically valid case study worthy of publication. Resources and opportunities available to the budding EMDR researcher are examined.

Keywords: Research  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

171. Wheeler, K. (2012, October). Research EMDR in your practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Research in EMDR practice is critically important in determining the ‘value’ of EMDR to clients, insurers, policymakers, the general public and ourselves. This presentation will provide the EMDR clinician with levels of evidence; the elements of the research process; the how, when and where to measure outcomes; and components of a time-series case study design. Comparing the client’s own scores at different points in time to themselves is considered a bona fide research design that makes an empirically valid case study worthy of publication. Resources and opportunities available to the budding EMDR researcher are examined.

Keywords: Research  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

172. Manfield, P. (2011, April). Resourcing in EMDR [Geavanceerd gebruik van het inzetten van hulpbronnen met EMDR]. Keynote gepresenteerd op de 5e jaarlijkse conferentie van EMDR Vereniging Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
We will begin with a video that illustrates how resourcing, the accessing of self-affirming internal states, is engage in spontaneously by psychologically well-integrated clients before accessing deep childhood pain. Case conceptualization should not only involve the identification of chains of disturbing events contributing to present symptoms, but the anticipation of resources that will be necessary for successfully processing them. Based on the nature of the targets, the clinician can identify the kinds of resources that will be needed and whether they are presently accessible to the client. Will the client be able to access them spontaneously during processing, or will the client need advance help in doing this? We will describe ways of making this determination. The most common difficulty with resourcing seems to be the intrusion of disturbing material in the resourcing process. This can be prevented in a variety of ways that will be addressed. Once resources are developed, there are many ways to utilize them. Resource utilization will be discussed and illustrated.

We beginnen met een video die laat zien hoe ‘resourcing’ dwz het inzetten van hulpbronnen gericht op positieve interne zelfbevestigingen, bij goed geïntegreerde cliënten spontaan kan optreden voordat de vroeg kinderlijke pijn kan worden aangesproken. Casus conceptualisatie moet niet alleen de reeks van traumatische of beschadigende gebeurtenissen die tot de huidige klachten leiden inventariseren, maar ook juist anticiperen op de nodige hulpbronnen om deze traumata op een succesvolle wijze te kunnen verwerken. Uitgaande van de specifieke aard van de targets, moet de therapeut het soort hulpbronnen identificeren die nodig zijn, en beoordelen of deze in het hier en nu ook toegankelijk zijn. Heeft de cliënt deze op een spontane wijze beschikbaar gedurende het verwerkingsproces, of heeft de cliënt van te voren hulp nodig om deze in te gaan zetten? We zullen de manieren beschrijven hoe je deze afwegingen maakt. Het meest gebruikelijke probleem met het inzetten van hulpbronnen / resourcing is dat er negatieve intrusies (voortkomend uit de negatieve associaties door traumatische of beschadigende ervaringen) optreden. Dit kan worden voorkomen door verschillende interventies die we verder zullen uitwerken. Wanneer hulpbronnen / resources zijn ontwikkeld, dan kunnen er vele diverse manieren zijn om deze te gebruiken. Gebruik van hulpbronnen wordt geïllustreerd en nader uitgelegd

Keywords: Resourcing  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

173. Dworkin, M., & Errebo, N. (2010). Rupture and repair in the EMDR client/clinician relationship: Now moments and moments of meeting. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(3), 113-123. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.3.113.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article proposes that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) would be strengthened by being conceptualized as a two-person therapy; that is, a therapy that employs dialogue between clinician and client about the resonance, attunement, and intention of their relationship. Current research on the mirror neuron system provides a hypothetical neurological underpinning to this proposal. Detailed clinical examples illustrate rupture (Now Moments) and subsequent repair (Moments of Meeting) of the therapeutic relationship in the Eight Phases of EMDR. The high potential for relationship rupture during EMDR therapy is discussed. Suggestions are made for improving EMDR practice, training, and consultation by attending to the intersubjective experience between client and clinician, especially when working with clients who have experienced repeated and pervasive disappointments in love and work.

Keywords: Integrative Therapy  Now Moments  Moments of Meeting  Therapeutic Relationship  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

174. Dworkin, M., & Errebo, N. (2011). Rupture et réparation dans la relation patient/thérapeute EMDR: Moments urgents et moments de rencontre [Rupture and repair in the EMDR client/clinician relationship: Now moments and moments of meeting]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), E74-E85. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.E74.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cet article avance l’idée qu’il serait avantageux de conceptualiser l’EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) comme une thérapie à deux personnes, c’est-à-dire une thérapie qui emploie le dialogue entre le thérapeute et le patient autour de la résonance, de l’accordage mutuel et de l’objectif de leur relation. Les recherches en cours sur le système des neurones-miroirs fournissent une possible base neurologique à cette proposition. Des exemples cliniques détaillés illustrent la rupture (moments urgents) et la réparation subséquente (moments de rencontre) de la relation thérapeutique au cours des huit phases EMDR. Nous exposons le risque élevé de rupture de la relation au cours de la thérapie EMDR. Nous faisons des propositions pour améliorer la pratique, la formation et les consultations d’EMDR en prêtant attention à l’expérience intersubjective entre le patient et le thérapeute, en particulier dans le travail avec des patients qui ont vécu des déceptions répétées et généralisées dans leurs relations amoureuses ou professionnelles.

This article proposes that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) would be strengthened by being conceptualized as a two-person therapy; that is, a therapy that employs dialogue between clinician and client about the resonance, attunement, and intention of their relationship. Current research on the mirror neuron system provides a hypothetical neurological underpinning to this proposal. Detailed clinical examples illustrate rupture (Now Moments) and subsequent repair (Moments of Meeting) of the therapeutic relationship in the Eight Phases of EMDR. The high potential for relationship rupture during EMDR therapy is discussed. Suggestions are made for improving EMDR practice, training, and consultation by attending to the intersubjective experience between client and clinician, especially when working with clients who have experienced repeated and pervasive disappointments in love and work.

Keywords: Integrative Therapy  Now Moments  Moments of Meeting  Therapeutic Relationship  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

175. Herbert, J. D. (2003, July). The science and practice of empirically supported treatments. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 412-430. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003008.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Despite impressive gains over the past three decades in the development and evaluation of empirically supported psychotherapies, such treatments are not used widely by front-line practicing clinicians. In an attempt to address this science-practice gap, efforts have turned recently to constructing lists of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) and disseminating information about these treatments to professionals and the public. This effort has been met with criticism, however, by both practitioners, on one hand, and psychotherapy researchers on the other. The current procedures for identifying ESTs are critically reviewed, and recommendations are offered to improve the scientific viability of the process. It is argued that lists of ESTs are viewed most productively as one step toward the development of best practice guidelines.

Keywords: Empirically Supported Treatments, ESTs, Evidence-Based Medicine  Psychotherapy  Psychotherapy Dissemination  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

176. Johnson, S. (2011 March 30). Scientists seek to treat chronically traumatized brains. San Jose: The Mercury News .

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The experiment was designed to track what happens when human brains take in new information. The lead scientist, Bessel van der Kolk, president of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, wanted to track differences between chronically traumatized and otherwise normal brains.

Keywords: Brain  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

177. Scarf, M. (2004). Secrets, lies, betrayals:  How the body holds secrets of a life and how to unlock them. 1st ed. New York:  Random House.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Bestselling author Scarf (Intimate Partners; Unfinished Business) explores new therapies that claim to be able to "reprocess" or "detoxify" traumatic memories through physical manipulation of the nervous system. Via accessibly presented neuroscience, Scarf explains how the body stores memories of intensely stressful experiences. A writer rather than a clinician (she's a senior fellow at Yale's Bush Center in Child Development and Social Policy), Scarf generates her data through meeting women subjects in marital distress and exploring their pasts through gentle discussion. Throughout, Scarf weaves her own autobiographical reflections, centered on painful memories of an autocratic father and a negligent mother. Seeking to advance her own emotional well-being, she enters into a reprocessing therapy session and becomes an advocate of the technique; she persuades one of her subjects to try it out, with apparently successful results. Although the physical ailments presented in Scarf's account seem extremely slight, she makes much of a sense of emotional breakthrough and release. Scarf's investigation into the methodology of reprocessing therapies is scientifically limited, yet she does allow us some insights into how they function. Admirers of her work will enjoy her ability to evoke relationship dynamics (including abusive relationships), her seductively flowing style and her emphasis on perceptive readings of life histories. Readers with a serious interest in psychology will find little cutting-edge scholarship here, and some may question why all Scarf's subjects are women. Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

178. Colelli, G. (2002, January/February). Selecting EMDR candidates – A trained clinician’s checklist. EMDRNews.com, 3.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
In response to the 9/11 tragedy, the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP), the same organization that responded to the Oklahoma City bombing trauma treatment needs, has established a similar response operation in New York City. Referred to as the Disaster Mental Health Recovery Network this nationwide alliance of EMDR trained clinicians offers volunteer services for short-term EMDR-centered therapy specifically tailored for those directly impacted by the terrorist attacks.

Keywords: Client Checklist  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

179. Shapiro, S. (2002, June). Self-belief and mastery: Integration of EMDR and hypnotherapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will focus on how a resource oriented approach enhances the treatment of EMDR. The effects of attachment deficits within a framework of early childhood development, the lack of object constancy as it relates to internalization, and self-development, will be reviewed. The importance of integrating a resource oriented model within a framework of EMDR treatment will be discussed. The main emphasis will be on the application of specific resource and hypnotherapeutic techniques. The clinician will learn how this eclectic approach can titrate the deleterious effects of trauma; and strengthen self-belief and self-efficacy. Workshop format lecture, case presentation, and videotape.

Keywords: Hypnotherapy  Self-Belief  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

180. Daniels, N. (2009). Self-care for EMDR practioners. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 399-400). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This protocol was derived from the notes of Neal Daniels, a clinical psychologist who was the director of the PTSD Clinical Team at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Always concerned about the welfare of clients and practitioners, he put together a short, simple, and effective protocol for the practitioner, on the completion of any session where there was negative affect remaining. In Neal's words, "The procedure is short, simple, effective. Right after the session or later on in the day when it is possible, bring up the image of the patient; do 10-15 eye movements; generate a positive cognition and install it with the patient's image and another 10-15 movements. Once the negative affects have been reduced, realistic formulations about the patient's future therapy are much easier to develop. Residual feelings of anger, frustration, regret, or hopelessness have been replaced by clearer thoughts about what can or cannot be done. Positive, creative mulling can proceed without the background feelings of unease, weariness, and ineffectiveness. Daily, weekly, or even career-long "burn-out" can be viewed as the accumulated residual of negative feelings that were not dealt with effectively when they occurred." The idea was to work on the material right after the session or later in the day when time allowed. The Clinician Self-Care Script is provided [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: Protocol  Self-Care  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

181. Forrest, M. S. (1995, June). Self-soothing and the multiple trauma survivor. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Remember the joke about the doctor who says, "The operation was a success, but the patient died"? That's how some clients feel about EMDR. They succeed in accessing deep and important material, but find themselves extremely depressed and/or anxious in the days afterward. For these clients, who are often survivors of multiple trauma such as long-tenn child abuse or incest, the ability to self-soothe (both during and after an EMDR session) makes the difference between whether they regard EMDR as a useful tool or a necessary evil. To find out what self-control techniques work best for such clients, I interviewed EMDR clients (all women) who had experienced long-term sexual abuse in childhood. The first thing I learned was that for survivors of multiple trauma, the ability to feel safe starts long before EMDR is ever used. Many women cited their relationship with their therapist as the foundation of their feeling safe with EMDR: "I trust my therapist absolutely." One client's therapist told her he had used EMDR himself: "That made a huge difference to me," she said. Other advance work included planning and taking preventative measures. Planning means picking the right time (and pace) for doing EMDR: being sure the therapist and/or other support people will be available in the days after the session; not driving or going back to work afterward (if possible); being able to have plenty of alone time; and going slowly, doing EMDR in small increments. "I didn't expect myself to go out in the world and be social afterward. I was pretty raw for a few days, sometimes for a whole week," B. told me. Planning also means taking preventive measures, such as teaching the client how to find "a safe place." Most clinicians know the importance of this, but one of the women I interviewed was emphatic that creating a safe place was very different from being able to go to it when she was in a session and reliving the experience of being a three-year-old overwhelmed by extreme grief or terror. She said she needed a lot of practice accessing her safe place and some special interventions (see below) to get through the intense times. Being able to self-soothe between sets of eye movements was very difficult for most clients. "I cry all the time we do it," S. told me. "I have to sit near the door and not have my therapist sit too close," said M. Another woman said, "We do the eye movements for a few seconds and we talk in between."One successful intervention, especially for clients overwhelmed by the intensity of their feelings, involved the therapist asking his client to listen to the sound of his breathing and to breathe along with him. Another clinician has his client when she gets extremely upset ask her "inner guide or "higher power" whether it's "okay to continue;" a third asks, "Is there more underneath or is it time to wind down?" Letting the client control the pace and progress of his/her own processing can be an important way to teach self-trust -- especially to people for whom loss of power was endemic to their abuse. Some clients are able to repeat special phrases or afirmations over and over between sets to calm themselves. L., a ritual abuse survivor, said she grounds herself by silently reciting a mindfulness verse from Zen master Thich Naht Hanh in time with her inbreath and out-breath: "In, out. Deep, slow, Calm, ease. Smile, release. In, out. Deep, slow ...... Different kinds of self-soothing techniques work best after the eye-movement sets are completed. Immediately afterwards, while still in session, one client said she falls asleep for a few minutes -- she finds this a big help in countering the dissociated state in which she typically concludes an EMDR session. Another said she and her therapist share a cup of tea and talk over what happened as a way to "come down" and normalize the experience. Some clinicians close a session by doing eye movements to reinforce the client's safe place. One woman said her therapist has her "cement the present in place" by doing eye movements on either a present-day image, an image of her inner child in the safe place, or a positive statement. Francine Shapiro has often said that what happens after the EMDR session can be as important as what happens during it. The women I interviewed felt exactly the same way. They had learned the necessity of talung exquisitely good care of themselves in the hours and days that follow. "I take time-and time out," declared B., who often has a delayed fear reaction following EMDR. Most clients said they go home and either curl up in bed or in a favorite rocking chair with their stuffed animals. They cry, sleep, write in their journals, draw pictures, listen to music, look at favorite photographs, and/or call a support person. M. uses self-talk to ease her feelings: "I say to myself, 'You know that knot of fear. I know it's only fear. I know that nothing is going to hurt me right now'." For others, going home immediately is not the best option: D. takes a walk along the shores of Long Island Sound; C., the mother of three young children, finds solace in a favorite bookstore. Sometimes all the planning in the world doesn't help: the abreaction seems to launch the client back to the age she was when she was abused - and she simply can't remember how to calm herself. To counter this, several clients said they carry a list of things they can do to quiet themselves. S. finds reading mystery stories comforting("At the end you always find out what really happened."), but has to keep two of them on her bedside table at all times: "If they're not in full view, I forget about using them." One interesting example of "assigned" self-soothing was given by a ritual abuse survivor who was new to EMDR. After a session when a lot of memories came up about how her sexuality was used and degraded during the abuse, her therapist gave her very specific instructions on how to care for herself, including buying a romantic nightgown and soaking in bath salts for 45 minutes; listening to romantic music; and not touching or kissing her partner for 48 hours. "It worked out great!" she told me happily. "I felt SO pretty and so safe." The conclusion I reached about how multiple-trauma survivors learn to self-soothe in the face of the intense feelings EMDR can trigger is not revolutionary. The recipe is: Step 1. Plan for the worst. Step 2. Let the client select the self-soothing techniques that specifically fit for her or him. Step 3. Make sure s/he is able to use these techniques no matter how intense his/her emotions are. Sometimes this will call for the therapist to take an active role by either leading the client in specific calming techniques or by assigning very clear-cut homework. If the recipe calls for planning and practicing, then the pot in which the ingredients are cooked is labeled "TRUST"-trust before initiating EMDR, trust during the eye movements, and trust after the sets are completed. Unless the client deeply trusts the clinician, the method itself, and his or her own capacity to go into the feelings and me out safely, the recipe for success with EMDR can turn into a recipe for disaster.

Keywords: Survivor  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

182. Astbury, J. (2006, December). Services for victim/ survivors of sexual assault - Identifying needs, interventions and provision of services in Australia. Issues, Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual Assault, 6, 1-26.

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Firstly, the perceived needs of victim/survivors are identified. Secondly, literature on the existing interventions that are perceived to address these needs, and data on their effectiveness are reviewed. Currently, most of these interventions are therapeutic or counselling interventions. Finally, data on the services that currently provide these interventions, with patterns of service usage, barriers to using these services, and the characteristics of these services that victim/survivors find particularly valuable are identified. The paper will end by making some recommendations for primary health care providers working with victim/survivors of sexual assault. The paper employs a gendered, health and human rights perspective and an ‘ecological framework’ to inform the overall aim of investigating current intervention programs for victim/survivors of sexual assault. A multilevel ecological perspective informed This paper begins to address this gap by providing a summary of the international and national literature that exists on sexual assault services. The paper focuses by a gender and human rights perspective is considered the most appropriate model for understanding interpersonal violence including sexual violence (Krug, Dahlberg, Mercy, Zwi, & Lozano, 2002). The ecological framework recognises the multifaceted nature of sexual violence and encourages exploration of the relationship between individual and contextual factors. Sexual violence is seen as the product of multiple levels of influence on behaviour from the level of the individual, to relationships, community and society.

Keywords: Violence  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

183. Dworkin, M. (2010, March). Solving transference and counter-transference with dissociative disorders in EMDR. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chair, Michael Paterson
This workshop will focus on the types of transference and counter-transference that arise in EMDR with dissociative clients and teach solutions. Procedural modifications have been the focus in dealing with pathological dissociation in EMDR treatment. Separately, transference and counter-transference with dissociative patients have been written about extensively by experts in the dissociation field. Research findings about the effects of mirror neurons and embedded simulation on the inter-subjective field of patient and therapist have also been published. Strategies for dealing with these transference and counter-transference in EMDR treatment have received little attention even though this population has intense transference, and can activate intense counter-transference. These issues may begin during an evaluation of the presenting problems. Strategies for identifying and using transference to enhance dual awareness during history taking will be demonstrated. An elongated preparation phase to develop enough trust and stabilization before exploring traumatic memories can limit induced transference. Different parts of a dissociative patient may have different kinds of transferences. These transferences may cause the patient to withdraw, cling or attack; affecting the therapist’s abilities to stay attuned and focused on the work in different phases of EMDR. Strategies of attunement to the activated part of the client will be demonstrated in order to repair or prevent ruptures of attunement. Interactions are bi-directional, and different (transferential) parts may activate dissociative parts of the therapist. Strategies to somatically identify and use these counter-transferential activations in the therapist will be taught through body based awarenesses. R/D/I strategies can be used to limit countertransference to remain grounded and attuned. Transference and counter-transference during the assessment phase will be identified and solutions presented. During the Desensitization phase under-accessing or over-accessing target memories; abreaction vs. vehement emotions will be discussed as unacknowledged dissociative moments with indications for inducing transference, counter-transference, or both. Decisions need be made collaboratively whether to process or contain these events. Understanding and dealing with dilemmas of dissociative enactments are crucial to keeping the healing process going. These inter-subjective issues may be most intense during the first four phases, but some problems may continue into Installation and the Body Scan. Problems and solutions during Incomplete Closure and the Re-evaluation phases will be given. Activated parts in the patient may cling or be angry with the therapist at the end of an EMDR session. Failure or defectiveness parts of the therapist may become activated as well. Solutions to these issues that occur during different phases will be taught so that participants will leave the workshop with additional strategies to use with their dissociative patients. Attunement to dissociative parts, identifying transference and counter-transference binds; The Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire ; Compartmentalization; use of self soothing skills; using Relational, Empathic, and Transferential Interweaves; identifying moments of projective identification and enactments, and then to use them to deepen EMDR will be taught, as well as innovative inter-subjective strategies . Case examples and awareness exercises will used throughout the workshop to facilitate intellectual and experiential learning.

Keywords: Counter-transference  Dissociative Disorders  Transference  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

184. Dworkin, M. (2009, August). Solving transference and countertransference with dissociative disorders in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will focus on transference and countertransference problems and solutions in EMDR with dissociative clients. There will be a short literature review on procedural modifications in dealing with dissociation in EMDR, and transference and countertransference with dissociative patients. Research findings on mirror neurons and embodied simulation will be taught to enhance the participant’s understanding of the neurobiological substrates for attunement and resonance, and for solving transference and countertransference with dissociatives in EMDR when ruptures to relatedness occurs. Identifying and using transference reactions to enhance dual awareness will be demonstrated in history taking. Enhancements in preparation phase will be shown through case example to limit induced transference. Transference and countertransference during the assessment phase will be identified and solutions offered. In the Desensitization phase EMDR processing may induce transference, countertransference, or both (even with procedural modifications). Intersubjective challenges seem to be more intense during phases 1 -4 and 7-8. Activated parts in the patient may cling or be angry with the therapist at the end of an EMDR session, or during Re-evaluation. Failure or defectiveness parts of the therapist may become activated then as well. Different parts of a dissociative patient may appear with different kinds of transferences during different EMDR phases. These transferences challenge therapist’s abilities to stay attuned. Strategies of attunement to the activated part of the patient will be demonstrated in order to repair or prevent ruptures to the alliance and to understand the nature of the dissociated communication. Bi-directional interactions may activate parts of the patient and therapist without conscious awareness. Strategies to somatically identify and use these countertransferential activations will be taught through experiential exercises so that the therapist may have a more in depth understanding of the dissociative patient’s communications. R/D/I strategies will be reviewed and applied to the therapist to limit countertransference activations. Dealing with dissociative enactments are crucial to identify ruptures to the therapeutic alliance, restore attunement and resonance, uncover dissociative messages that can be used during EMDR processing.. Solutions to the problems that occur during different EMDR phases will be taught using lecture, discussion, case examples, written and experiential exercises so that participants will leave the workshop with additional strategies. Solutions include how to maintain attunement to dissociative parts during transferential activations while enhancing dual awareness; how to identify transference and countertransference problems during phases 1-4 and 7-8 and use them as additional sources of dissociated communications that can be used in EMDR processing ; how to use the Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire to identify and process countertransference problems ; how to use compartmentalization strategies using R/D/I to limit countertransference activations; how to develop self soothing skills for the therapist’s dissociated parts; how and when to use Relational, Empathic, and Transferential Interweaves during Desensitization; and how to identify moments of enactments, and using EMDR strategies to deepen the EMDR experience .

Keywords: Countertransference  Transference  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

185. Shapiro, F. (1993, Winter). Stray thoughts:  Issues of compliance in EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 3(3), 1-2.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Too often the limitations of the therapist's model, repertoire of interventions, or ability to interact with the client are dismissed as due to client "resistance." While client resistance and non-compliance may certainly be issues that need to be overcome, the interaction between the client and the clinician should not be discounted as possibly contributing to the lack of the therapeutic effect.

Keywords: Compliance  Resistance  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

186. Shapiro, F. (1992, Winter). Stray thoughts:  Memory retrieval. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(3), 1-3.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
It appears as though one of the heritages ofthe psychodynmc model is the belief in the need for "uncovering memories" as necessary prerequisites for "working themthrough." Consequently, it appears as though some EMDR-trained clinicians have decided to use a combination of EMDR and hypnosis for "memory retrieval." While hypnosis has been a highly successful and standard form of practice for many years, its interaction effects with EMDR have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, I would like to issue some additional words of caution in this regard, since each clinician is bound to approach issues of possible "repression" and "resistance" in ahighly subjective manner. The points are made below in order to highlight factors that might possibly have been forgotten or overlooked by some clinicians in the merging of variant models.

Keywords: Memory Retrieval  Repression  Resistance  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

187. Shapiro, F. (1997, June). Stray thoughts:  The search for integration. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(4), 13-15.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Since EMDR is an integrated mode of psychotherapy, there are incorporated principles, protocols, and procedures that are compatible with al the major modalities. It is important to remember that this integration was developed over time in order to strengthen EMDR treatment effects. That development is on-going and every trained clinician has the ability to assist in making the procedures and protocols more robust. The only caveat is to make sure that the treatment effects derived from any alteration or change of existing practices leads to treatment effects that are at least as good, or better than those currently achieved. The best way to determine that is through standardized and behavioral measures that document robust and stable effects over time.

Keywords: Treatment Effects  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

188. Klaus, P. (2012, June). The use of EMDR in preverbal trauma [La utilización de EMDR en el trauma preverbal]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Psychological, somatic and medical problems often have their origins in more obscure beginnings. This method helps reveal a deeper and more comprehensive history taking process to enable the clinician to help the client more quickly gain access to preverbal underlying factors, which may block healing. Along with a clearer picture of the condition, integrating a variety of healing mechanisms with EMDR provides an individualized approach to activate the client’s own potential to heal.

A menudo los problemas psicológicos, somáticos y médicos tienen su origen en comienzos más oscuros. Este método ayuda a desvelar un proceso para elaborar una anamnesis más profunda y exhaustiva para permitir al clínico a ayudar al cliente a acceder más rápidamente a los factores preverbales subyacentes que pueden bloquear la curación. Junto con una imagen más clara de la afección, la integración de una variedad de mecanismos de curación con EMDR ofrece un planteamiento individualizado para activar el potencial propio del cliente para curarse.

Keywords: Preverbal Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

189. Parnell, L. (2008). A therapist's guide to EMDR tools and techniques for successful treatment. Princeton, NJ: Recording for Blind & Dyslexic.

Language: English

Format: Audio

Abstract:
For over a decade, eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been gaining attention and momentum as an effective therapeutic tool for treating a range of trauma and phobic disorders. More and more therapists are seeking proper training to be able to incorporate EMDR into their practices. But often, therapists leave EMDR training enthusiastic, desiring to use these techniques in their practice, only to lose their nerve when encountering difficulties and treatment obstacles. Somehow, the theory learned in training is hard to translate into clinical practice. In A therapist's guide to EMDR, Parnell addresses this common dilemma by offering therapists an all-in-one, practical handbook for skillfully and successfully using EMDR in their practices. Drawing on fifteen years of experience as a pioneering EMDR clinician and trainer, Parnell bridges the gap between EMDR training and actual practice by identifying and exploring the four areas where most EMDR-trained therapists need help: case formulation, ego strengthening, target development, and processing difficulties. After a helpful refresher on basic EMDR procedure and protocol, as well as a discussion of how to modify these steps to fit your client's needs, Parnell delves into the areas essential to successful utilization of EMDR with clients: case conceptualization; preparation for EMDR trauma processing, including resource development and installation; target development; methods for unblocking blocked processing, including the creative use of interweaves; and session closure. A step-by-step description of a typical EMDR session is also presented, including all the major procedural steps, followed by an explanation of the clinical applications of EMDR in working with phobias, traumas, and critical incidents. Case examples, vignettes, and illustrations throughout help to clarify important concepts. Written in an accessible and practical style by someone who has trained thousands of EMDR practitioners, Parnell bases the book on on-the-ground experience of doing EMDR, incorporating the tools, techniques, and tips she has generated and gathered from conferences, workshops, and consultation with colleagues, as well from her own clinical experience. Perhaps most importantly, she acknowledges the unique approaches to EMDR use that are possible, emphasizing therapist-client flexibility, attunement, and intuition, rather than rigidity of practice. For EMDR-trained therapists who would like a little help integrating EMDR into their day-to-day practice, A therapist's guide to EMDR is a useful resource. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

190. Kiessling, R. (2007, September). Thinking like an EMDR therapist. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
During the 2006 EMDRIA Conference, Dr. Shapiro laid the groundwork for understanding the EMDR Approach. The Adaptive Information Processing Model formulates the clinician’s development of an effective EMDR treatment plan based upon the client’s presenting problems. It is important that the clinician understand into which of the four possible arenas the client’s presentation falls. These four options are divided into two possible categories, Symptom and Comprehensive presentations. Symptom focused treatment plans address Single Incident PSTD, and Single Issue, brief treatment options. Comprehensive presentations involve Multiple Issues and/or complex PTSD. Each of these presentations require a different treatment plan conceptualization and targeting sequence strategy. This workshop will give clinicians concrete, practical history taking and targeting sequence guidelines through lecture, handouts, worksheets, and video demonstrations.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Single Incident  Single Issue  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

191. Ricci, R. J., & Clayton, C. A. (2008). Trauma resolution treatment as an adjunct to standard treatment for child molesters: A qualitative study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 41-50. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.41.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A literature review of current treatment models for child molesters and contemporary theories of etiology suggests a gap between theory and practice. Despite emerging recognition of the importance of addressing etiological issues in sexual offender treatment, many programs resist addressing the trauma sequelae of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in those sex offenders where it is present. Adding trauma treatment to standard sexual offender treatment was identified as a means to closing some of that gap. 10 child molesters with reported histories of CSA were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Subsequent to adding this trauma resolution component, there was improvement on all six subscales of the Sex Offender Treatment Rating Scale as well as decreased idiosyncratic deviant arousal as measured by the penile plethysmograph. The current study reviews qualitative data collected during treatment and at posttreatment interviews. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Abuse Propensity  Adults  Child Abuse  Child Molester  Clinical Trial  Cognitive Therapy  European Americans  Males  Qualitative  Perpetrators  Rape  Sex Offenders  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

192. Manfield, D. C. (1998). Treating a highly defended client: reworking traditional approaches. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st ed.) (pp. 217-231). New York: Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Several key points emerge for consideration when treating the highly defended client with EMDR, in particular clients whose primary defenses are distancing ones. The first is to carefully gauge the client's level of functioning, the depth of therapeutic alliance, and the client's perceived sense of safety. These factors determine the appropriateness of EMDR, and presuming that, the style and directiveness of the clinician.Secondly, the use of EMDR with highly defended clients may require a directiveness that exceeds the basic protocol designed by Shapiro. Once the therapeutic alliance has been established, the clinician must balance, while being sensitive to, the client's need for control over the therapeutic process, hopefully avoiding unproductive periods of defensive distancing. This balance and sensitivity, inherent in all effective treatments and psychotherapies, is particularly important when the modality is as potent and emotionally evocative as EMDR can be. The case of William illustrates the risks in a directive approach, such as initiating EMDR too early, promoting a withdrawing or angry transference, or choosing the wrong cognitions. Knowing your client well and securing an effective working alliance is crucial to success. [Text, pp. 230-231]

Keywords: Adults  Americans  Anxiety Disorders  Case Report  Defense Mechanisms  Life Experiences  Male  Psychotherapeutic Processes  Self Concept  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

193. Wesselmann, D. (2007). Treating attachment Issues through EMDR and a family systems approach. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp.113-130). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The difficult behaviors exhibited by children who meet the criteria for a diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) can be challenging to both parents and professionals. Utilizing the point of view of three models--attachment, Adaptive Information Processing, and family systems--can enhance the clinician's understanding of attachment-related symptoms. Although the models hold shared views, each brings an additional piece of the puzzle to case conceptualization and treatment planning. Family systems therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy are different but complementary approaches to improving attachment relationships. Some general treatment strategies combining a family systems approach with an EMDR approach that are helpful in working with families affected by disturbed parent-child attachments are presented here. Case examples and a concluding discussion complete the chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing  AIP  Attachment  Attachment Disorders  Cognitive Processes  Family Systems Approach  Family Systems Theory  Family Therapy  RAD  Reactive Attachment Disorder  Treatment Strategies  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

194. Gelinas, D. (2006, September). Treating complex PTSD with EMDR. Presentation at the annual EMDR International Association Conference, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Research has demonstrated that EMDR is efficacious in treating PTSD. Many clinicians however treat clients with more complicated forms of PTSD resulting from early, repeated trauma experiences. This workshop will provide a framework for beating complex PTSD using EMDR. It will first summarize the clinical picture of complex PTSD, including it's bi-phasic numbing/constricting interspersed with repetitive intrusions, chronic physiological hyperarousal, distortions of the self, and the presence of dissociation, which includes for some clients, the presence of ego states. This information will be used to demonstrate EMDR Case Conceptualizations and several approaches to target selection, depending upon the characteristics of the clinical situation. The workshop will provide a number of EMDR methods for stabilizing clients early in treatment then will focus on Assessment and Desensitization. Complex PTSD frequently calls for extensive use of cognitive interweaves because of the significant distortions in sense of self, and so their use will be reviewed. As they emerge in the different phases of EMDR, different types of dissociation present the clinician with choice points about how to proceed. The workshop will provide sevcral ways to recognize the emergence of dissociation during each of the 8 phases of EMDR and the choice points this represents. It will discuss several ways to manage dissociation as it emerges, including ego states, so that EMDR can proceed productively. Present triggers and future considerations will be included. Time will be included for questions and for focused discussion.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

195. Settle, C., & Bolte, C. S. (2012, October). Treating dissociation, ritual abuse and mind control from an attachment perspective. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Using EMDR as an integrative therapeutic approach from an attachment and developmental trauma lens, this presentation will give practical strategies for treating clients with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) symptoms who have experienced Ritual Abuse and Mind Control (RA/MC). Infant disorganized attachment is an important precursor to adult dissociation and perhaps even more of a predictor of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) than severe trauma alone (van der Kolk). RA/MC programming will be explained so the clinician understands the layers of complexity in treating these dissociative symptoms and ego states.

Keywords: Attachment  Dissociation  Mind Control  Ritual Abuse  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

196. Puk, G. (2011, May). Treating highly traumatized clients with EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Canada Advanced Clinical Applications Workshop, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patients exhibiting chronic dissociative symptoms are among the most complicated patients to be treated in psychotherapy. Their treatment tends to be a multi-faceted approach of which EMDR is only one part, albeit, a very important component. The objective of this course is to assist the treating clinician in identifying the chronic dissociative patient, conceptualizing and implementing an effective treatment plan for the patient. This will include integrating the traditional three-stage model (stabilization, trauma work and integration) of working with patients with dissociative symptoms using the EMDR Eight Phase Treatment Model. Emphasis will be placed on stabilization and pacing the trauma work with individual patients. This workshop format will include lecture and presentation of clinical case material. Participants are encouraged to bring clinical cases to the workshop for discussion.
Workshop Objectives: Assess and identify clients presenting with dissociative symptoms; •Formulate case conceptualization, •Treatment planning to include EMDR based trauma processing, •Integrate the 8 phases of EMDR with traditional treatment for trauma, •Identify when clients with dissociative symptoms are ready for EMDR treatment, •Pace the treatment, shifting between stabilization trauma reprocessing and relational work, •Manage therapeutic complications that arise during treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

197. Whisman, M. (2005, September). Treating the trauma of panic and understanding panic as an aspect of trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Anxiety, although experienced by everyone, is unique and complex in the Panic Disordered client. Therapists who will be treating these clients need to comprehend the overwhelming experience of panic; its life-altering consequences; underlying causes; and the phobic responses that range from irrrational to bizarre. Panic is a major symptom of post-trauma phenomena; and the experience of panic is traumatizing itself. The end results are remarkably similiar: distortions in attributions (cognitions) and coping mechanisms (behavior), and an intolerance of particular emotional states. The goal of this workshop is to expand the clinician's awareness, sensitivity and skill in treating the many faces of panic and to incorporate bilateral stimulation and adaptive information processing (EMDR) as an integral part of that treatment.

Keywords: Anxiety  Panic: Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

198. Honda, M. (2005, February). Treatment of a PTSD victim of attempted murder-robbery by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A case report. Japanese Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3(1), 91-106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Reports both in Japan and in the U.S. indicate that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can be effective for the treatment of PTSD and traumatic memory. This report summarizes the treatment of an attempted murder-robbery victim using EMDR. Although she responded rather poorly to the medications, the patient showed a rapid improvement with the introduction of six 90-minute EMDR sessions, as measured by the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) and Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Of particular interest was that the intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms disappeared in the early stage of the treatment; in contrast, the avoidance symptoms needed several sessions for management. Given the current controversies surrounding EMDR for the treatment for PTSD, more empirical evidence is needed to establish its efficacy. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Case Report  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Psychotherapeutic Processes  PTSD  Robbery  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

199. Rubin, A. & Springer, D. W. (2009). Treatment of traumatized adults and children: Clinician's guide to evidence-based practice. (Eds.) Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley .

Language: English

Format: Book

Keywords: Adults  Children  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

200. Lazrove, S. (1993, October). The use of EMDR in abreaction. Presentation at the International Society for the Study of Dissociation Fall Conference, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The role and management of abreaction, defined here as the reexperiencing of trauma in a therapeutic setting, is of particluar importance to clinicians treating patients with multiple personality disorder(MPD). Initial enthusiasm for the abreactive work waned after investigators recognized that patients can be retraumatized by intense abreaction and can decompenate clincially (Kluft). Still, mastery over past events is an essential element of recovery, so there is usually a need to titrate abreaction which results in a prolonged course of treatment. It will be suggested tha the use of EMDR can make abreactive work less painful and therefore has the potential to shorten treastment. This case supports the supposition that detoxifying and resolving traumatic memories is valuable in patients with MPD. Accordingly, it is suggested that the use of EMDR to manage abreaction in patients with MPD accelerates the treatment process, to the benefit of patient and clinician alike.

Keywords: Abreations  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

201. Klaus, P. (2007, June). The use of EMDR in medical and somatic problems. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clients facing medical problems or experiencing somatic conditions may present for psychotherapy with a variety of concerns which include: distress or fears about the illness or condition itself (e.g., cancer, anxiety about various aspects of the treatment they need to undergo, surgery, etc., and some trepidation and genitive experiences from their interaction with the medical system or medical personnel, causing secondary trauma, Clients may also be concerned about the strength or weakness of their own bodies to heal immune system, mind/body potential). Many clients suffer from chronic conditions, which occur in either acute or chronic episodes and undermine their lives, leaving them feeling debilitated and less functional than desired (i.e., asthsma, migraine, bowel problems, ulcerative colitis, Cohn’s disease, PMS, insomnia). Some aspects of illness may be the result of somatization due to childhood trauma, secondary gain (a defense against strong feelings), unconscious need to mask strong negative affect; dissociative disorders of co aversion reactions; as well as acute or chronic stress. Some chronic symptoms may be due to long-term interpersonal problems. Clients may be suffering from maladaptive patterns established during infancy or childhood creating pervasive dysfunction in one’s sense of self, one’s relationships, or in one’s life function. Psychosomatic conditions may result.
History taking includes several levels of investigation, including current and past psychosocial and symptom history, looking for premorbid or comorbid conditions, and helping clients uncover related trauma as well as unrecognized strengths. Since a number of somatic and medical problems often have their origins in more obscure beginnings, this method helps reveal a deeper and more comprehensive history taking and decision-making process to help the clinician choose the level of complexity to use in the face of a client’s physical or emotional distress. This process may enable the clinician to help the client more quickly gain access to underlying factors which may block healing. Along with a clearer picture of the condition, integrating a variety of healing mechanisms with EMDR provides an individualized approach to activate the client’s own potential to heal.

Keywords: Health Problems  Medical Problems  Somatic Problems  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

202. St. Andre, É. (2010, April/May). Use of EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: a case study. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic anxiety disorder with recurrent obsessions, like persistent thoughts, mental images, impulses, and compulsions such as repetitive behaviours or mental acts, that are performed after obsessions. This workshop will provide clinical information on the presenter's use of EMDR with a patient with OCD, as well as some examples provided by other clinicians who have worked with patients with OCD. In addition, general information on OCD (e.g., epidemiology, neurobiology) will be discussed. The presenter will highlight what is unique about the use of EMDR with OCD, difficulties she met in using EMDR with an OCD patient, and adaptations she used to improve treatment. She will describe how to use the standard 8 step approach (past, present, future), how to identify targets, managing OCD symptoms and barriers in his day-to-day life. The presenter will look at how to manage challenges that arise for the clinician with this population. Participants will have an opportunity to apply the strategies with a case example exercise. (All Levels)

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder  OCD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

203. Abruzzese, M. (1995, June). Use of EMDR with disruptive behavior disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Disruptive behavior disorders such as Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Tourette's Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder and, to a lesser extent, some children with Bipolar Disorder, are among the most difficult conditions for clinicians to treat. The difliculty is two-fold: Clinicians must find the balance between developing a rapport and working with the disruptive child while also addressing the concerns of the parents who may be beyond their level of tolerance and looking for prompt improvement and frequently the child's very diagnostic condition - disruptiveness - may prevent the child from willingly participating in the treatment, despite the good rapport that the child and clinician may have. EMDR is, a technique which has shown great promise in helping children who are 'stuck' break through their own stubbornness and disruption to help them achieve a sense of self-control, insight and self-confidence. It also provides parents with reason to hope that a prompt improvement maybe possible. The essential aspect of successful utilization of EMDR with disruptive disorders resides in the creativity of the clinician and the modfication of the standard EMDR protocol. Using EMDR with children, especially with young children, requires a nonstandard administration only loosely based on the standard protocol. Children often won't - or can't - verbalize cognition's or adequately employ SUDS scales reliably. Disruptive children may have access to their cognitions, but may decline to cooperate with clinicians. The key in using EMDR with Children - as with many other techniques employed in treating children - is to make -the technique challenging or fun or maybe a bit mysterious, depending upon the presentation of the child and his or her ability to take some responsibility for the treatment process. The key with disruptive children is knowing how to combine EMDR usage with engagement of the difficult child. This workshop explores the use of such nonstandard EMDR administrations as auditory cueing and hand tapping and will review how EMDR has been used to engage very difficult children. The presentation will include both successful and unsuccessful treatment outcome, focusing on the identification of hidden handicaps which could prevent engagement of a diflicult child and techniques on how to overcome those handicaps to help the child to help him or herself.

Keywords: Children  Disruptive Behavior Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

204. Gross, L., & Ratner, H. (2002). The use of hypnosis and EMDR combined with energy therapies in the treatment of phobias and dissociative, posttraumatic stress, and eating disorders. In F. P. Gallo (Ed.), Energy psychology in psychotherapy: A comprehensive sourcebook (1st ed.) (pp. 219-231) New York:  W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The treatment of dissociative disorders, PTSD, eating disorders, and phobias is frequently difficult and traumatic for the client. One author (LG) has been treating clients with a combination of hypnosis, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), thought field therapy, emotional freedom technique, visual kinesthetic dissociation, and other energy field therapies for the purpose of shortening the length of therapy and making it less painful. Clients occasionally feel violated when such energy therapies are used on their own. For those clients it is upsetting to have their symptoms taken away without having any sense of the process involved as it takes place. When this reaction occurs, EMDR and hypnosis can be extremely useful when used in combination with thought field therapy and other energy therapies.To decide which modalities to use for a particular client, a clinician can make use of muscle testing. My experience has been that, except for the simplest cases, none of the therapies alone (i.e., hypnosis, psychotherapy, EMDR, or variations of energy therapies) may be sufficient. The combination, however, is a powerful treatment modality that can accomplish excellent results in a very short time frame. [Text, p. 219]

Keywords: Adults  Dissociative Disorders  Eating Disorders  Energy Psychotherapy  Hypnotherapy  Phobias  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Psychotherapeutic Processes  PTSD  TFT  Thought Field Therapy  Stressors  Survivors    

Accuracy Verified: Yes

205. Fisher, M. E. (2008). The use of psychoeducation in the treatment of PTSD with military personnel and their family members: An exploratory study from a clinician’s perspective. Social Work Research Methods, Smith College, School for Social Work.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This qualitative study explores clinician’s use of psychoeducation in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with military personnel and their family members. Seven clinicians working with military personnel or in a military setting were asked a series of questions about psychoeducation and its use in the treatment of PTSD. Utilizing interviews, clinicians provided rich and detailed narratives outlining the following questions: (1) Is psychoeducation an appropriate intervention method in the treatment of PTSD? If so, when is it appropriate to use or incorporate psychoeducation in the treatment process with military personnel and/or their family members? and (2) What have been the outcomes in using psychoeducation as a form of treatment for PTSD with individual military personnel and/or their family members? How do you measure the effectiveness of this intervention? Participants gave descriptive narratives of their experience and outcomes, exploring their meaning and understanding of psychoeducation, its use during the therapeutic relationship as a stand-alone entity or in conjunction with another therapy, and their perceptions on psychoeducation’s effectiveness in the treatment of PTSD. Major findings revealed that psychoeducation was used by all of the participants in this study; however treatment modality, timeframe and settings of use with psychoeducation varied. The data collected from the study supported the need for more research to be conducted on the effectiveness and best practices of the use of psychoeducation in the treatment of PTSD.

Keywords: Military  Psycheducation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

206. Bravman, N. (2005, September). Using EMDR in the treatment of eating disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Eating disorders, which are frequently associated with Core Attachment Difficulties, present particular challenges to the EMDR clinician, since clients with eating disorders want to disconnect from precisely the affects that EMDR is designed to access. This workshop presents an EMDR model for safe and effective use of EMDR with eating disordered clients. Participants will learn: (1) Techniques to enhance affect tolerance and stabilization; (2) Strategies for target selection and protocol variations; (3) Strategies for enhancing optimal EMDR reprocessing.

Keywords: Core Attachment Difficulties  Eating Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

207. Sherwood, D. (2005, September). Using hypnotic tools to potentiate EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: H
ypnosis and EMDR are two powerful tools for change. This workshop will focus on enhancing the EMDR clinician's effectiveness through integrating hypnotic principles and techniques derived from the work of Milton Erickson with the EMDR protocol. The presentation will describe essential similarities and differences between the two approaches, and employ rationales for when and how to use each. Ways to integrate hypnotic tools into the EMDR protocol will be described, and two specific protocols for integration will be presented in practicum format. Familiarity and experience with Ericksonian hypnotherapy is desirable, but not essential.

Keywords: Ericksonian Hynosis  Hypnosis  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

208. Dworkin, M. (2008, June). Using the therapeutic relationship in EMDR with patients with complex PTSD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Now that the therapeutic relationship is firmly part of EMDR, it is time to show its uses with difficult populations. Skilful emphasis on empathic attunement beginning in the history taking phase with emphasis on using the Procedural Steps Outline diagnostically, and Light stream as an affect management tool, starting in the first session will be shown to be of use specifically with this population. This population needs special attention regarding alterations in affect regulation, self perception, consciousness and attention, somatisation, trust, and identity. In the preparation phase participants will learn various relational strategies to accomplish these tasks. They will also learn to use the relationship as an additional resource for containment with appropriate boundaries. Relational concepts such as “Implicit Relational Knowing”, “Moments of Meeting”, and “Dyadic Expansion of Consciousness” will be taught to expand methods of stabilization for preparation, and for active trauma work. Modifications of active trauma work using active resourcing; titrating or dosing; treating transference and counter transference phenomenon will all be demonstrated to enhance EMDR work with complex PTSD and Dissociation. Dworkin's Trauma Case Conceptualization Questionnaire and his Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire will be taught and used to

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Therapeutic Relationship  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

209. Torun, F. (2010, Spring). Vajinismusun EMDR yöntemi ile tedavisi: İki olgu sunumu [Treatment of vaginismus with EMDR: A report of two cases]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(3), 243-248.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Vajinismus kadının vajina kaslarındaki istemsiz kasılmalar nedeniyle hiçbir şekilde cinsel ilişkinin gerçekleşemediği bir cinsel işlev bozukluğudur. Vajinismus için temel tanı kriteri vajinanın dış üçte birindeki kaslarda koitusu engelleyecek, yineleyici bir biçimde ya da istem dışı spazmın olması olarak tanımlanmıştır. Birçok olguda ağrı ya da ağrının olabileceğine ilişkin korku vajinismusun ortaya çıkması ve sürmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu yazıda, çocukluk çağında geçirilmiş cinsel travmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan iki vajinismus olgusunun Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing-EMDR) tekniği ile tedavisi sunulacaktır. EMDR ağırlıklı olarak ruhsal travma tedavisinde kullanılan bir tedavi tekniğidir. EMDR tekniğinin etkinliği, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, cinsel travma mağdurları gibi birçok grupta yapılan randomize kontrollü çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Her iki olguda da standart olarak sekiz aşamalı EMDR protokolü uygulanmıştır. 3 seanslık EMDR seansı sonrasında her iki olguda da hem kaygı düzeylerinde azalma, hem de cinsel ilişkiye yönelik işlevsel olmayan düşüncelerin ortadan kalktığı görüldü ve vajinismus sorunu ortadan kalktı. Bu çalışmada sunulan iki olgudan hareketle, travmanın neden olduğu vajinismus olgularında EMDR’nin alternatif bir tedavi tekniği olarak etkili olabileceği söylenebilir.

Vaginismus is a type of sexual dysfunction in which spasm of the vaginal musculature prevents penetrative intercourse. The main diagnostic criterion is the presence of recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse. In many cases associated pain or the fear of pain may contribute to its persistence. Herein we report 2 patients that presented with vaginismus that developed secondary to childhood sexual trauma, which was treated with the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) technique. EMDR is a non-pharmacologic treatment for psychological trauma. Randomized controlled trials with posttraumatic stress disorder patients and with victims of sexual abuse have shown that EMDR is effective. The standard 8-phase EMDR protocol was used in both of the presented cases. Following 3 sessions of EMDR, the patients exhibited a substantial reduction in self-reported and clinician-rated anxiety, and a reduction in the credibility of dysfunctional beliefs concerning sexual intercourse. These findings support the notion that EMDR could be an effective treatment alternative for patients with vaginismus of traumatic etiology.

Keywords: Adult  Desensitization, Female  Humans  Psychologic  Sexual Behavior  Vaginismus  Wounds and Injuries  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

210. Kemp M., Drummond P., & McDermott B. (2010, January). A wait-list controlled pilot study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms from motor vehicle accidents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 15(1), 5-25. doi:10.1177/1359104509339086.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The present study investigated the efficacy of four EMDR sessions in comparison to a six-week wait-list control condition in the treatment of 27 children (aged 6 to 12 years) suffering from persistent PTSD symptoms after a motor vehicle accident. An effect for EMDR was identified on primary outcome and process measures including the Child Post-Traumatic Stress - Reaction Index, clinician rated diagnostic criteria for PTSD, Subjective Units of Disturbance and Validity of Cognition scales. All participants initially met two or more PTSD criteria. After EMDR treatment, this decreased to 25% in the EMDR group but remained at 100% in the wait-list group. Parent ratings of their child's PTSD symptoms showed no improvement, nor did a range of non-trauma child self-report and parent-reported symptoms. Treatment gains were maintained at three and 12 month follow-up. These findings support the use of EMDR for treating symptoms of PTSD in children, although further replication and comparison studies are required.

Keywords: Childhood  Controlled  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

211. Schmuldt, L. M., Gentile, T. I., Bluemlein, J. S., Fitch III, J. C., & Sterner, W. R. (2013). The war within: One soldier's experience, several clinician's perspectives. Journal of Military and Government Counseling, 1(1), 2-18.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Soldiers returning from deployment are presenting with a plethora of serious mental health challenges, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disturbances, and substance abuse issues. This paper will describe the journey of one soldier following his deployment to Iraq and the difficulties he faced during reintegration. Clinicians representing five approaches – dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), group systems theory, and motivational interviewing (MI) will provide perspectives on the development of traumatic response symptomology, as well as suggestions for understanding and treating the soldier profiled in the case study.

Keywords: DBT  Dialectical Behavior Therapy  Group Development  Mental Health  Military  Motivational Interviewing  Soldier  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

212. Jeffries, F. W., & Davis, P. (2013, October). What is the role of eye movements in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? A review. Behavioral Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41(3), 290-300. doi:10.1017/S1352465812000793.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Controversy continues to exist regarding how EMDR works and whether its mechanisms differ from those at work in standard exposure techniques. Aims: To investigate first whether eye movement bilateral stimulation is an essential component of EMDR and, second, the current status of its theoretical basis. Method: A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted in databases using standard methodology. Results: Clinical research evidence is contradictory as to how essential EMs are in PTSD treatment. More positive support is provided by analogue studies. With regards to potential theoretical support, some evidence was found suggesting bilateral stimulation first increases access to episodic memories; and second that it could act on components of working memory which makes focusing on the traumatic memories less unpleasant and thereby improves access to these memories. Conclusions: The results suggest support for the contention that EMs are essential to this therapy and that a theoretical rationale exists for their use. Choice of EMDR over trauma-focused CBT should therefore remain a matter of patient choice and clinician expertise; it is suggested, however, that EMs may be more effective at reducing distress, and thereby allow other components of treatment to take place.

Keywords: Eye Movements  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Review  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

213. Bender, S. S. (2009). When words and pictures fail: An introduction to adaptive information processing. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 49-56). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
As part of my discussion with my patients about their mind and the adaptive information processing (AIP) system, I find that patients are sometimes unable to find responses when asked about a picture representing the worst part of the event or what negative belief remains with them as a result of a life experience. It is my opinion that it is advantageous for the clinician to attempt to get all the pieces to the protocol and I recommend the scripts provides in this chapter as possible ways to do so. Use the scripts either during Phase 1 (history taking) or Phase 2 (preparation). The When Words and Pictures Fail Script is provided, and a case example is use to illustrate how to address unrecalled or missing assessment ingredients. [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing System  History Taking  Life Experience  Negative Beliefs  Preparation  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

214. Curry, S. (2007, June). Where protocol meets client: Choices in case conceptualization in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is being increasingly – and successfully – utilized for a broader range of big “T” and small “t” traumas. Research indicates that adherence to the 8-phase protocol and the 3-pronged approach brings about the most successful outcomes in our clients. The problem in their application, however, is frequently “how?” A day in the life of an EMDR therapist can involve a plethora of symptoms: attachment difficulties, anxiety, Phobias, relational dysfunction, dissociation, and mood disorders, to name just a few client presentations. Much confusion and discouragement can arise as the clinician struggles with the variety of client presentations and the awkwardness of learning a significantly different approach to psychotherapy. Consultation experience reveals that it is most often psychotherapy. Consultation experience reveals that it is most often these two factors which bring about the unfortunate discrepancy between the numbers of those who take EMDR training and those who utilize it frequently. By means of a discussion of pre-screening typical and atypical case scenarios and the provision of a decision tree using appropriate resources and specialize protocols, participants will learn a more systematic way to conceptualize their cases. In addition, there will be a summary of frequently asked questions about the course of EMDR therapy garnered from the presenter’s consultees. And guidelines for keeping treatment on a course as common challenges in EMDR present themselves. This workshop is an outgrowth of “Decisions, Decisions ... Forks in the Road in EMDR: What, When and Why” presented at the EMDR Europe Conference in Istanbul and the EMDRIA conference in Philadelphia in 2006.

Keywords: Case conceptualization  Protocol  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

215. Kiessling, R. (2007, September). Yes, it’s your “responsibility”!. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Effective case conceptualization and treatment is dependent upon accurate assessment of the client’s presenting problem’s “Core Cognitions” in order to appropriately identify the Touchstone Event. Understanding the treatment hierarchy of Responsibility, Safety and Choices greatly increases the clinician’s ability to understand and develop the appropriate treatment targeting sequence. This workshop will help clarify the appropriate development of an effective treatment plan according to the client’s core negative belief.

Keywords: Cognitions  

Accuracy Verified: Yes