Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. محمد نريمانی * و سوران رجبی [Narimani, M., Ahari, S. S., & Rajabi, S.] (2010, Winter). مقايسه تاثير روش حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) با درمان شناختی ـ رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس [Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy therapeutic methods for reducing anxiety and depression of Iranian combatant afflicted by post traumatic stress disorder]. مجله علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، واحد پزشکی تهران، 19 (4), 236-245 [Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, 19(4(58)), 236-245].
Language: Persian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به ماهيت علامت محوربودن درمان دارويی، از روش های درمانی حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) و شناختی- رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس پس از ضربه (PTSD) استفاده می شود. هدف اين مطالعه بررسی تفاوت تاثير دو روش درمانی EMDR و CBT در اختلال استرس است.
روش بررسی: در اين مطالعه مورد شاهدی 51 رزمنده مبتلا به PTSD بستری در بيمارستان ايثار اردبيل يا ساکن در شهر اردبيل به روش نمونه گيری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسيم شدند.روش مطالعه، آزمايشی گسترش يافته و طرح تحقيق از نوع پيش آزمون ـ پس آزمون چندگروهی بود. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل آزمون خاطره های آزاردهنده، مقياس براشفتگی ذهنی، مقياس شناخت واره های مثبت و مقياس اضطراب و افسردگی بيمارستانی بود.
يافته ها: روش های درمانی EMDR و CBT باعث کاهش معنی داری در متغيرهای خاطره های آزاردهنده، اضطراب و افسردگی و برآشفتگی ذهنی شد و ميزان اعتماد به شناخت واره مثبت به طور معنی داری افزايش يافت. روش درمانی EMDR در مقايسه با CBT در کاهش علايم PTSD رزمندگان ايرانی موثرتر بود، با اين وجود هر دو روش در کاهش علايم اين اختلال موثر بودند.
نتيجه گيری: با توجه به اثر درمانی EMDR و CBT در درمان PTSD، پيشنهاد می شود به منظور پيشگيری و کاهش علايم اختلال استرس پس از سانحه جنگ در رزمندگان ايرانی از روش های درمانی فوق در مراکز درمانی استفاده شود.
Background: According to symptom oriented of drug therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were increasingly used. The aim of this study was to compare effects of EMDR and CBT in acute stress.
Materials and Methods : In this case-control study of 51 combat PTSD patients admitted to hospital or residing in the sacrifice of Ardabil Ardabil simple random sampling were selected randomly divided into three groups. Methods, expanded testing and research design type were tested before Chndgrvhy test. Test tools used included disturbing memories, anger scale, mental, cognitive scale Varh positive and the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Results : EMDR and CBT treatments significantly reduced the variables disturbing memories, anxiety and depression and mental frustration and level of confidence in recognizing the positive Varh significantly increased. EMDR therapy compared with CBT in reducing PTSD symptoms was more effective Iranian combatants, however, both methods were effective in reducing symptoms of this disorder.
Conclusion : According to the therapeutic effect of EMDR and CBT in treating PTSD, is recommended to prevent and reduce symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder in war veterans of the Persian mentioned therapies used in treatment centers.
Keywords: Anxiety Anxiety Disorders CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Depressive Disorders Iranians Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Tarrier, N., Liversidge, T., & Gregg, L. (2006, November). The acceptability and preference for the psychological treatment for PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(11), 1643-1656. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.11.012.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The acceptability and preference of psychological treatments is important in understanding patient treatment seeking, choice, engagement and attrition and possibly treatment response in health care. The acceptability of, and preference for, 14 different types of psychological treatment for PTSD were investigated in a student population through invitation to participate in a web-based survey. Respondents were asked to rate each treatment on 10 scales and to rank the treatments in order of preference. Respondents were also asked whether they would seek treatment themselves, recommend treatment to friends and family, feel stigmatised by suffering from PTSD, had any prior knowledge of the treatments and if this had been positive or negative, and whether they had a history of psychological problems or treatment. A total of 330 respondents completed the survey. A past or current history of psychological problems and treatment was surprisingly high. Almost all respondents indicated that they would seek or recommend treatment in spite of high levels of stigmatisation. Factor analysis of the 10 scales indicated two factors: Endorsement and Discomfort. Rank ordering on preference and Endorsement scores was highly consistent. The highly preferred and endorsed treatments involved cognitive therapy, exposure, or psycho-education in spite of high levels of discomfort anticipated with exposure. Treatments involving new technologies, EMDR, and psychodynamic psychotherapy received the lowest Endorsement and preference. There was a modest influence of prior knowledge of a treatment. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy College Students Computer Assisted Psychotherapy Empirical Study Family Therapy Group Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Preference Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychological Treatment Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study Relaxation Therapy Treatment Acceptability Virtual Reality Exposure Web-Based Survey
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Callipo, N. (2007-2008). Applicazioni del pensiero controfattuale negli esiti post-traumatici [Applications of counterfactual thinking in post-traumatic events]. Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Applicazione del pensiero controfattuale negli esiti post-traumatici
1. Introduzione.
Il pensiero controfattuale è un processo che esprime la capacità di riflettere e
modificare gli scenari di situazioni da cui sarebbero potuti conseguire esiti differenti
dalla realtà. Nella quotidianità è comune che un sentimento di rammarico – il regret -
venga provato a seguito di una discrepanza tra i risultati attesi e la realtà.
La ricerca e l’esperienza condivisa dicono che, rilevare le differenze tra ciò che
avremmo voluto e ciò che abbiamo ottenuto, ci aiuta a pianificare azioni più efficaci nel
futuro. Tuttavia, in condizioni di elevato stress, come quello provato dopo un evento
indesiderato e traumatico, possono fare irruzione nella coscienza pensieri nella forma
“Se solo non fossi stato così…”, oppure “Se solo non avessi fatto” o “Se avessi fatto
qualcosa per evitare tutto ciò”; nel tentativo di annullare (undoing) idealmente le
conseguenze dell’accaduto. Questi pensieri controfattuali possono sortire l’effetto di
amplificare emozioni e sentimenti come il biasimo, la rabbia, la vergogna e il senso di
colpa. L’attitudine alla generazione automatica, indiscriminata e non finalizzata
all’azione, di domande e affermazioni ricorsive, può condensarsi in un particolare stile
di pensiero – la ruminazione – che sottende sensazioni di disagio diffuse e invalidanti,
come gli stati depressivi, ansiosi ed ossessivi.
La prima parte di questo lavoro è occupato da una rassegna sulle ricerche che,
inizialmente, pongono il pensiero controfattuale nel quadro delle più generali abilità di
problem-solving; successivamente, la prospettiva funzionale, riesce a farne risaltare il
versante adattivo, rilevante ai fini della regolazione degli stati affettivi e, più in
generale, del mantenimento della salute mentale.
Nella seconda parte viene discusso il ruolo del pensiero controfattuale, in relazione al
suo versante disfunzionale , con particolare riguardo agli esiti post-traumatici.
Nella terza parte vengono analizzati i modelli di elaborazione delle informazioni che
riconoscono un ruolo al pensiero controfattuale nella regolazione dell’umore, citando
alcuni paradigmi psicoterapeutici, tra cui l’Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing (EMDR), ideato da Francine Shapiro.
Per verificare l’applicazione del pensiero controfattuale nel trattamento degli esiti
post-traumatici sono stati riportati due esempi: uno tratto dalla letteratura sull’EMDR e
un caso di disturbo ansioso-depressivo, in trattamento con psicoterapia a orientamento
cognitivo.
Application of counterfactual thinking in a post-traumatic results. Introduction. The counterfactual thinking is a process that expresses the ability to reflect and change scenarios of situations that could have been large gains different from reality. In everyday life it is common that a feeling of regret - the regret - should be tried as a result of a discrepancy between expected results and reality. The research says that shared experience, point out the differences between what we wanted and what we have achieved, helps us to plan more effective actions in the future. However, under conditions of high stress, such as that experienced after a traumatic event and unwanted, they can break into the conscious thoughts in the form "If only I had not been so ..." or "If only I had not done" or "If I had done something to avoid anything "in an attempt to cancel (undoing) the ideal of what the consequences. These counterfactual thoughts may have the effect of amplifying emotions and feelings such as blame, anger, shame and guilt. The ability to generate automatic, indiscriminate and not action-oriented questions and statements recursive, it can condense into a particular style of thinking - rumination - that underlies feelings of discomfort common and disabling, such as depression, anxiety and obsessive . The first part of this work is occupied by a review of the research that initially pose the counterfactual thinking in the context of more general skills of problem-solving, since then the functional perspective, can bring out the side adaptive, relevant to the regulation of affective states and, more generally, of maintaining mental health. The second part discussed the role of counterfactual thinking, in relation to its dysfunctional side, especially with regard to post-traumatic results. In the third part analyzes the patterns of information processing that recognize a role in regulating mood counterfactual thinking, citing some psychotherapeutic paradigms, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), developed by Francine Shapiro. To test the application of counterfactual thinking in the treatment of post-traumatic results were two examples: one taken from the literature on EMDR and a case of anxiety-depressive disorder, treatment with cognitive-oriented psychotherapy.
Keywords: Counterfactual Thinking Informational Processing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Britt, V. J., Diepold, J., & Bender, S. (2008, September). Applying energy psychology methods in the preparation phase of the EMDR eight step protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will explore and provide an additional means of stabilization and resource for the EMDR preparation phase, as well as expand therapeutic strategies to resolve treatment blocks and stuck processing. Using concepts such as correct polarity and methods like muscle-testing, which come from the emerging field of energy psychology, compromised psycho-energetic activity at the mind-body interface will be demonstrated. These methods can be incorporated into the EMDR preparation phase without compromising the 8 phase protocol.
Keywords: Energy Psychology Preparation Phase
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Britt, V., Diepold, J., & Bender, S. (2005, June). Applying energy psychology to treatment blocks in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Although EMDR protocol offers a wide range of strategies to re-start blocked
processing, sometimes these methods do not resolve the impasse and
another perspective may be necessary. This workshop will expand the
concept of blocks-(i.e. blocking beliefs. looping and stuck processing) in
terms of the emerging field of energy psychology. We will demonstrate
what occurs when psycho-energetic activity in the mind-body interface is
compromised and how that can inhibit processing. It will introduce the
concepts and treatment of energetic blocks, muscle testing and polarity
compromise and explore how treatment corrections can be used to neutralize blocks without disrupting the EMDR protocol. Format: Lecture,
demonstration and experiential exercise.
Keywords: Energy Psychology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Tardy, J., & El Farricha, M. (2007, Juin). Approache Ericksonienne du traumatisme psychique et thérapie EMDR [Ericksonian approach of trauma]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Les techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne sont des outils très utiles au cours d’une psychothérapie, spécialement avec les personnes ayant connu des traumatismes répétés dans l’enfance. En effect, par le biais d’une dissociation thérapeutique, patient et thérapeute on accès à la mémoire traumatique neurobiologique et psychologique et le patient pourra (ré)experimenter la confiance dans ses propres forces naturelles.
Cependant, manié avec peu de précaution l’hypnose risqué d’aggraver la dissociation pathologique. L’association des techniques éricksoniennes et du protocole de la thérapie EMDR augmente les capacitiés de l’espirt et du corps et offre au paitent un meilleur contrôle émotionnel et un amélioration del la (ré)orientation à la réalité.
Le travail des auteurs est a situé dans le cadre de la psychothérapie brève des victimes et s’appuie sur une approche éricksonienne du traumatisme psychique et la thérapie EMDR en tant que novelle méthode thérapeutique efficace pour l’ESPT.
Mohammed El Farricha et Josette Tardy psychologues cliniciens, présenteront un apercu d’un programme de traitement psychothérapique expérimenté avec des patients en ambulatoire ces dix dernières années.
Dans cet atelier l’accent sera plus particulièrement mis sur l’apport des techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne qui semblent cliniquement efficaces et peuvent venir renforcer le protocole EMDR au cours des phases: evaluation et terminaison.
Il s’agira par exemple de démontrer comment, lors de l’évaluation, guider la personne vers la concentration interne nécessaire à une desensitisation complete? Ou encore comment mieux projeter le patient dans un future <
Ericksonian hypnosis techniques are useful tools in the course of psychotherapy, especially with people who have experienced repeated trauma in childhood. In effect, through a separation treatment, patient and therapist is memory access neurobiological and psychological trauma for the patient to (re) experiment confidence in its own natural forces.
However, handled with some caution hypnosis risked aggravating the pathological dissociation. The combination of Ericksonian techniques and EMDR protocol extends the capabilities of espirt and body and offers better paitent emotional control and improvement del (re) orientation to reality.
The authors' work is situated in brief psychotherapy of victims and an approach based on Ericksonian of psychic trauma and EMDR as an effective therapeutic method novella for PTSD.
Mohammed El Farricha and Josette Tardy clinical psychologists, will present an overview of a program of psychotherapy experimented with outpatients in the last ten years.
In this workshop the emphasis will be placed on the contribution of Ericksonian hypnosis techniques that seem clinically effective and can reinforce the EMDR protocol in phases: evaluation and termination.
Some examples demonstrate how, during the evaluation, guide the person towards the internal concentration required for a complete desensitisation? Or how to better plan the patient in a future <> limitations of trauma?
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Gros, D. F., & Antony, M. (2006, August). The assessment and treatment of specific phobias: A review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 8(4), 298-303.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Specific phobia is one of the most common and easily treated mental disorders. In this review, empirically supported assessment and treatment procedures for specific phobia are discussed. Exposure-based treatments in particular are highlighted given their demonstrated effectiveness for this condition. The format and characteristics of exposure-based treatment and predictors of treatment response are outlined to provide recommendations for maximizing outcome. In addition, several other treatments for specific phobia are reviewed and critiqued, including cognitive therapy, virtual reality, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, applied tension, and pharmacologic treatments. The review concludes with a discussion of future directions for research.
Keywords: Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Christman, S. D., Garvey, K. J., Propper, R. E., & Phaneuf, K. A. (2003, April). Bilateral eye movements enhance the retrieval of episodic memories. Neuropsychology, 17(2), 221-229. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.3.515.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Two experiments examining effects of eye movements on episodic memory retrieval are reported. Thirty seconds of horizontal saccadic eye movements (but not smooth pursuit or vertical eye movements) preceding testing resulted in selective enhancement of episodic memory retrieval for laboratory (Experiment 1) and everyday (Experiment 2) events. Eye movements had no effects on implicit memory. Eye movements were also associated with more conservative response biases relative to a no eye movement condition. Episodic memory improvement induced by bilateral eye movements is hypothesized to reflect enhanced interhemispheric interaction, which is associated with superior episodic memory (S. D. Christman & R. E. Propper. 2001). Implications for neuropsychological mechanisms underlying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (F. Shapiro, 1989, 2001), a therapeutic technique for posttraumatic stress disorder, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Bilateral Eye Movements Episodic Memory Retrieval Saccadic Eye Movements
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Watson, C., Davis, R., & Heimonen, T. (2010, September/October). Bridging the gap between clinical practice and research with EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a trauma treatment with origins date back to 1987 by its founder Francine Shapiro. EMDR is based on an information-processing model and is being used to treat traumatic symptoms. Clinicians in many types of clinical settings worldwide employ EMDR for a board range of treatment issues including grief, depression, anxiety, physical and sexual abuse. Although there is evidence that EMDR is effective in treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, more research needs to be done in clinical practice settings to contribute to the much needed research base about effective of EMDR with other issues.
Therapists working with trauma are often dealing with high caseloads and administrative requirements of the agencies that they work with. The clinicians involved in this research have observed that there have been some encouraging developments in their community which have served to build bridges for clinicians to increase their confidence in the world of research. In 2007, an intiative called Research Skills Development Program offering mentoring in research skills development was offered in association with Lakehead University and Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Ontario, Canada.
Completion of this 1-year program proved to be the first step in make the transition from clinician to researcher. From there, partnerships were formed within the agency and community. With the support of our agency, researchers were able to gain access to testing and computer software that made data collection and data anaylsis possible with least disruption to our clinical services.
The clinicians were encouraged by previous results from our first study in 2007 (n=6) to continue systematic data collection with more clients (n=6). Approval for this recent study was received by the Ethics Committee of St. Joseph's Care Group.
Keywords: Poster Practice Research Research Skills Development Program
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Leuning, E. (2009). Casus 17 – ‘Dat met die jongen’: Autistische jongen van 16 dringt aan op behandeling seksueel trauma [Case 17 – "That with that boy": Autistic boy of 16 calls for treatment of his sexual trauma]. In H. K. Hornsveld & S. Berendsen (Eds.), Casusboek EMDR, 25 voorbeelden uit de praktijk (1st Ed.), (pp. 251-258). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum. doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7358-1_25 .
Language: Dutch
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Edwin werd op 13-jarige leeftijd opgenomen in de kinderkliniek van het Dr. Leo Kannerhuis (LKH) in verband met zijn stoornis in het autistisch spectrum. Na enkele jaren in de kinderkliniek wordt hij doorgeplaatst naar de jongerenkliniek waar hij, inmiddels 16 jaar oud, behandeling krijgt in een groep van zes adolescenten. Edwin is een jongen met een forse autistische stoornis, wat zich met name uit in een zeer vertraagde informatieverwerking, moeite met sociale contacten en gebrekkig sociaal inzicht. Daarnaast is er bij Edwin sprake van preoccupaties in het denken (steeds dezelfde herhalende gedachten). Edwin raakt snel overprikkeld wanneer hij te veel informatie krijgt of te veel sociale interacties moet verwerken. Hij raakt dan in de war en probeert weer grip te krijgen op zijn verwarring door verklaringen te zoeken. Door Edwins beperkte inzicht in de omgeving zijn deze verklaringen vaak niet conform de werkelijkheid en veroorzaken ze bij hem nog meer verwarring. In het verleden is er daardoor sprake geweest van prepsychoses. Verder is bekend dat Edwin op jonge leeftijd zeer waarschijnlijk te maken heeft gehad met seksueel misbruik door zijn vader. In een later stadium heeft een jongen seksuele handelingen verricht bij Edwin en moest hij bij hem seksuele handelingen verrichten.
Edwin was 13 years of age included in the pediatric clinic of the Dr.. Leo Kanner (LKH) associated with their disorder in the autistic spectrum. After several years in the children's clinic he will be transferred to the clinic for youth, now 16 years old, receives treatment in a group of six adolescents. Edwin is a boy with a strong autistic disorder, in particular in what was a very slow information processing, difficulty with social interaction and lack of social insight. In addition, when Edwin there concerns in mind (repeating the same thoughts). Edwin quickly become overexcited when he gets too much information or too much to handle social interactions. He then gets confused and tries to get a grip on his confusion by looking statements. By Edwin limited understanding of the environment, these statements are often inconsistent with the reality and cause them to him even more confusion. In the past there has therefore been prepsychoses. Edwin is also known that at a young age is very likely to have experienced sexual abuse by his father. At a later stage, a boy sexual acts performed with Edwin and he had to perform sexual acts with him.
Keywords: Autism Sexual Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Byron, H. (1999). Clinician adherence to and combination of methods with EMDR for post traumatic stress disorder. University of Canberra, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The clinical adherence to and combination of methods with EMDR to treat PTSD has not been explored. This is of some concern as 27 000 clinicians are trained in EMDR globally. This exploratory study gained information on Australian trained EMDR clinicians' adherence to EMDR, and the methods they combined with EMDR to treat PTSD. Survey responses from 126 clinicians were analysed using predominantly descriptive statistics. The findings of this study showed that the majority of respondents perceived that they closely adhered to the standard EMDR treatment. However, respondents reported adhering more closely to the phases than the steps of EMDR. Statistically significant findings showed that more experienced EMDR level 1 clinicians were more likely to add steps and phases to EMDR, and to change the standard sequence of steps. Clinicians with greater years of experience were also more likely to change the standard sequence of steps. In addition, more experienced EMDR level 2 clinicians, were less likely to educate their clients about PTSD. Almost all respondents combined EMDR with other methods to treat PTSD. Combined methods included CBT, hypnosis / relaxation, system / solution focused methods and exposure. This research has contributed to theory and practice by uncovering that clinicians appear to use EMDR differently to researchers, by changing EMDR to meet client needs, combining EMDR with other methods and Holly Byron 16/9/99 vi therapies, and introducing EMDR in the mid stage of treatment. These findings are vital to reduce the scientist-practitioner divide by accurately testing EMDR's efficacy and enabling future controlled trials to reflect the clinical use of EMDR.
Keywords: Postrraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Oglesby, C., Foster, S., Sime, W., North, T. C., & Lendl, J. (1999). Collaborative partnerships in sport psychology applications of EMDR: High performance and trauma recovery. Symposium conducted at the annual conference of the Association of the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Clinicians who have grown to accept and support Eye
Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) have
begun to diversify the types of trauma populations in which
EMDR is applied. Psychology of injury researchers have
suggested, on the basis of their work, that an exciting new
direction in sport psychology is the implementation and
testing of new interventions aimed at modifying risk factors
for athletes. It has also been suggested that extant models of
athletic injury may reasonably be re-interpreted to account for
other traumatic stressors, additional to injury, in sport. EMDR
may reduce stress and trauma reactions in sport participants.
EMDR, however, has been developed as a clinical tool and
there are limitations on entrance to training in the approach.
There are myriad ways, however, in which valuable
partnerships may be formed, among psychologists, sport
psychologists, and educational sport psychology consultants
to use EMDR on behalf of clients. This symposium, within its
five sections, will report on many such collaborations. The
following are the objectives of the session: (a) provide a brief
overview of the research and theory base for EMDR and its
use in performance work; (b) describe case reports of
successful partnerships among EMDR-trained sport
psychologists and variably trained professionals from sport
performance.
Keywords: Performance Enhancement Sports Psychology Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Hartung, J. G., & Galvin, M. D. (2002). Combining eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and energy therapies. In F. P. Gallo (Ed.), Energy psychology in psychotherapy: A comprehensive sourcebook (1st ed) (pp. 179-197) NewYork: W. W. Norton.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Observing that there has been a rapid increase in the number of practitioners trained in both eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the energy psychotherapies, the authors describe ways to combine these modalities to increase their effectiveness. Topics include correcting psychological reversals prior to initiating and during EMDR; muscle testing with EMDR; EMDR along with energy therapies to limit the severity and disruption of abreaction, dissociation, "looping," and blocking beliefs; treatment of addiction; using one method to further client receptivity to use of the other; self-use of EMDR and the energy techniques; and, among others, energy training for paraprofessional crisis teams for use in residential programs with EMDR clients. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Energy Psychotherapy Latin Americans Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors TFT Thought Field Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Cervera, M., & Acinas, P. (2012, June). Como puede la combinacion entre el EMDR y la imaginacion tartar casos con sept complejo, problemas de apego y disociacion? [How can EMDR and imagination combined, treat cases with complex PTSD, attachment and dissociative symptoms?]. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract: ABSTRACT:
La integración del EMDR con el uso de la imaginación
(See Far CBT, Lahad) como un abordaje para
el tratamiento de SEPT Complejo.
El uso de la imaginación con cartas terapéuticas
dentro de la Realidad Fantástica es una estrategia
poderosa para estos pacientes. El EMDR ha sido
ampliamente investigado y aprobado como una de
las terapias más efectivas en este campo.
ABSTRACT:
Integrate EMDR with the use of Imagination (See
Far CBT, Lahad) as an approach to treat Complex
Trauma with PTSD.
The use of Imagination with therapeutic cards
within the world of Fantastic Reality is a new powerful
coping strategy for these patients. EMDR has
been widely researched in this area.
Keywords: Attachment Dissociation Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Wagstaff, G. F., Cole, J., Wheatcroft, J., Marshall, M., & Barsby, I. (2007). A componential approach to hypnotic memory facilitation: Focused meditation, context reinstatement and eye movements. Contemporary Hypnosis, 24(3), 97-108. doi:10.1002/ch.334.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Although hypnosis is now less popular as an interviewing technique in forensic investigations than it used to be, recent evidence suggests that some of the components of hypnotic interviewing might still be useful in the development of brief memory facilitation procedures. Two experiments are described which continue this componential approach to hypnotic interviewing. In the first experiment, the effects on episodic memory of a brief context reinstatement (revivication) procedure were examined together with a focused breathing meditation technique which shares similarities with traditional hypnotic induction. A second experiment investigated the effects of horizontal eye movements which some have also associated with hypnotic responding. Results indicated that a combined context reinstatement and focused meditation procedure was more effective than context reinstatement alone in facilitating memory for an emotional event without the increase in false positive errors familiar to more traditional hypnosis techniques. In contrast, an instruction to perform horizontal eye movements was not effective in facilitating memory and, when combined with a suggestion for improved recall, produced higher confidence in incorrect responses. Implications are discussed. [Abstract from author]
Keywords: Accuracy Confidence Context Reinstatement Eye Movements Forensic Hypnosis Hypnotism Interviewing Meditation Memory Memory Facilitation Testing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Ligeon, S. N. (2011). De invloed van oogbewegingen en klikjes op de naarheid en levendigheid van negatieve herinneringen [The influence of eye movements and clicks into the nature and vibrancy of negative memories]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.
Language: Dutch
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a widely applied therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this therapy patients make eye movements while recalling traumatic memories. It is suggested that EMDR taxes working memory and this reduces ratings of the vividness and emotionality of traumatic memories. Although this has been studied extensively for the effectiveness of eye movements, research on bilateral beeps is scarce. Whit a sample of 42 students we compared the effectiveness of eye movements and bilateral beeps. Results indicate that eye movements are more effective in reducing vividness and emotionality of negative memories. Indirectly testing a mechanism proposed by the Working Memory Theory, we found that participants with a larger working memory focused their attention more on the memory as compared to students with a smaller working memory. In sum we conclude that bilateral beeps are inferior to eye movements in the reduction of vividness and emotionality of memories
Keywords: Intrusive Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Startle Reflex Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Cornil, L. (2013, April). De kracht van het NU in EMDR [The power of NOW in EMDR]. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Deze uiteenzetting brengt een theoretisch-filosofische kijk op het tijdsconcept in EMDR. Sinds het prille begin speelt het tijdsconcept een centrale rol in de EMDR benadering. Aan de basis van het AIP model ligt het idee dat geheugennetwerken vervrozen zijn in de tijd (Shapiro 1995). De informatie is op een disfunctionele manier gestockeerd in het vervrozen nu en kan op elk moment worden getriggerd. In EMDR hebben patiënten (en therapeuten) het moeilijk om het NU van de negatieve cognitie te pakken te krijgen. Patiënten begrijpen niet wat gevraagd wordt en raken verward wanneer therapeuten vragen wat ze nu over zichzelf denken als ze denken aan toen. In de EMDR basistraining wordt aangegeven dat het vinden van een adequate negatieve cognitie een moeilijk deel is van het EMDR protocol, maar wel een noodzakelijk deel.
Het NU is wat op dit moment gebeurt. Er is geen verleden, enkel de huidige perceptie van het verleden. Net zoals er geen toekomst is, enkele de huidige perceptie van mogelijkheden. Het heden is datgene waarmee men zich identificeert: wat je ziet, geloof je: wat je op een gegeven moment gewaarwordt, wordt de realiteit van het NU. Wanneer de patiënt getriggerd wordt in de perceptie van het kind, wordt de patiënt het kind en de tijdsperceptie wijzigt.
Het punt dat in deze uiteenzetting naar voor wordt gebracht, is dat verandering ontstaat wanneer de patiënt stopt met zich te vereenzelvigen met het verleden dat daardoor het NU wordt. In EMDR wordt de patiënt door de therapeut uitgenodigd om dingen te laten gebeuren en te merken wat er verandert. Tijd heeft beweging nodig om te bestaan: de wijzers van de klok, de zon in de lucht, de rimpels die verschijnen op de huid verwijzen allemaal naar tijd. In plaats van de pijnlijke informatie op een afstand te proberen houden, die zich bevindt in de niet-tijd zonder beweging, wordt de patiënt juist uitgenodigd om de beweging te observeren die kan ontstaan door de positie van de dubbele aandacht in te nemen: één voet in de reële tijd en één voet in de niet-tijd. We zullen linken met mindfullness aangeven.
This statement brings a theoretical-philosophical perspective on the concept of time in EMDR. Since the very beginning the concept of time plays a central role in the EMDR approach. At the base of the AIP model is the idea that in the memory networks vervrozen time (Shapiro, 1995). The information is stored in a dysfunctional way vervrozen now and can be triggered at any time. In EMDR, patients (and therapists) is difficult to the NOW of the negative cognition to catch. Patients do not understand what is required and get confused when therapists ask what they think about themselves when they think of when. In the EMDR basic training indicated that finding an adequate negative cognition is a difficult part of the EMDR protocol, but a necessary part.
The NOW is what is currently happening. There is no past, only the current perception of the past. Just as there is no future, some of the current perception of opportunities. The present is that with which one identifies: what you see, you believe what you become aware at any given time, the reality of the NOW. When the patient is triggered in the perception of the child, the patient is a child and time perception changes.
The point in this discussion forward is brought, is that change occurs when the patient stops to identify with the past that result it is NOW. In EMDR, the patient by the therapist invited to make things happen and to notice what is changing. Time needs movement to exist: the clockwise direction, the sun in the sky, the wrinkles that appear on the skin all refer to time. In place of the painful information try to keep at a distance, which is located in the non-time without movement, the patient is invited to precisely observing the movement which may be caused by the position of the double attention to take: a foot in real time, and a foot in the non-time. We will link with mindfulness state.
Keywords: Present Focus
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Reno, J. (2010, October 14). Debate rages on how to treat PTSD, the signature wound of this war. Home Post, The Military in San Diego.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
While it’s invisible to the naked eye, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become the signature wound of the fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan and has already had a negative impact on hundreds of thousands of American soldiers and their families.
Keywords: Afghanistan Depression Dr. Adrienne McFadd Drug Abuse Homelessness Iraq Life in the Military Matthew Kiernan Michael Schindler Newsweek Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD San Diego Spouses & Families Suicide VA Secretary Eric Shinseki Veterans Veterans Administration War Virtual Reality
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Popky, A. J. (2005). DeTUR, an urge reduction protocol for addictions and dysfunctional behaviors. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 167-188). New York: W W Norton & Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing (DeTUR) model and the theories involved are based on experience from personal client observation and anecdotal reports received from other therapists using this same protocol. It is an eclectic model and combines many methodologies, including but not limited to cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused, Ericksonian hypnosis, narrative, object relations, and emotional freedom techniques (EFT), to name a few. The bilateral stimulation (BLS) in the accelerated information processing model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) seems to form the catalyst for rapid processing and change, the turbocharger that speeds the healing process.This protocol represents only a small part of a complete treatment model. The therapist's role is that of a case manager, orchestrating any resources necessary to aid the patient through recovery and relapse to a successful and healthy state of functioning and coping. The therapist has to assess the severity of the addiction and also determine any other diagnosis associated with the case. This overall treatment model includes outside help, such as referrals for medication, testing for physical or neurological problems, and, depending on the situation, inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, or detox. Other outside resources include support systems, such as 12-step groups, educational programs, skills training; couples, group, or family therapy; or acupuncture. Comorbidity issues, day-to-day stressors, and survival issues are addressed. An extremely high percentage of these populations are dually diagnosed and can therefore run the full dimensional spectrum of disorders and behaviors as described in the DSM-IV. [Text, pp. 167-168] [Pilots]
Keywords: Addiction Addictions Behavior Problems Behavior Therapy Bilateral Stimulation Compulsions Craving Desensitization of Triggers Dysfunctional Behaviors Information Processing Model Psychotherapeutic Techniques Urge Reduction Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Darker-Smith, S. (2012, October). Dissociative disorders and EMDR: Depersonalisation, derealisation and dissociation. Presentation at the at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Within the field of dissociative disorders, EMDR clinicians are advised that there should be significant stabilisation in the preparation phase of the standard protocol. Indeed, where a client has been experiencing depersonalisation and / or derealisation for a significant period of time, there can be elements of heightened risk, such as suicidal intent caused by living in this ‘half-life’ or ‘dream-state’. For these clients, using a float-back technique to introduce body sensation as a mechanism of grounding can be, and is, highly effective in terms of stabilisation. This can enable a swifter progression to a place of stability in order to target the cause of dissociation, where it has been triggered by a natural, protective psychological avoidance to a traumatic event as well as reduce risk of suicide in clients who are experiencing significant distress at being ‘trapped’ in this ‘alternate reality’.
Keywords: Derealization Depersonalization Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Nakahara, T., Nakahara, K., Uehara, M., Koyama, K., Li, K., Harada, T., Yasuhara, D., Taguchi, H., Kojima, S., Sagiyama, K., & Inui, A. (2007, May). Effect of juggling therapy on anxiety disorders in female patients. doi:doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-10. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 1(10), 1-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juggling therapy for anxiety disorder
patients.
Design and Method: Subjects were 17 female outpatients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic
criteria for anxiety disorders. Subjects were treated with standard psychotherapy, medication and
counseling for 6 months. For the last 3 months of treatment, subjects were randomized into either
a non-juggling group (n = 9) or a juggling therapy group (juggling group: n = 8). The juggling group
gradually acquired juggling skills by practicing juggling beanbags (otedama in Japan) with both hands.
The therapeutic effect was evaluated using scores of psychological testing (STAI: State and Trate
Anxiety Inventry, POMS: Profile of Mood Status) and of ADL (FAI: Franchay Activity Index)
collected before treatment, 3 months after treatment (before juggling therapy), and at the end of
both treatments.
Results: After 6 months, an analysis of variance revealed that scores on the state anxiety, trait
anxiety subscales of STAI and tension-anxiety (T-A) score of POMS were significantly lower in the
juggling group than in the non-juggling group (p < 0.01). Depression, anger-hostility scores of POMS
were improved more than non-jugglers. In the juggling group, activity scores on the vigor subscale
of POMS and FAI score were significantly higher than those in the non juggling group (p < 0.01).
Other mood scores of POMS did not differ between the two groups.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that juggling therapy may be effective for the treatment of
anxiety disorders.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Females
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Parker, A., & Dagnall, N. (2007, April). Effects of bilateral eye movements on gist based false recognition in the DRM paradigm. Brain and Cognition, 63(3), 221–225. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.08.005 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The effects of saccadic bilateral (horizontal) eye movements on gist based false recognition was investigated. Following exposure to lists of words related to a critical but non-studied word participants were asked to engage in 30s of bilateral vs. vertical vs. no eye movements. Subsequent testing of recognition memory revealed that those who undertook bilateral eye movement were more likely to correctly recognise previously presented words and less likely to falsely recognise critical non-studied associates. This result joins other research in demonstrating the conditions in which false memory effects can be attenuated.
Keywords: DRM Paradigm Eye Movements False Recognition
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Schubbe, O. (2006). EMDR. Institut fur Traumatherapie.
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eine Ärztin gewinnt einen verlorenen Teil ihrer Biografie zurück; ein Mann kann nach einer Geiselnahme wieder Sicherheit erleben; eine Bäckersfrau drückt den stummen Schrecken über den KZ-Tod ihrer Großeltern zum ersten Mal mit Pinsel und Farbe aus. Solche Momente geben mir das Gefühl, von meinen Klienten ganz viel zurückzubekommen. Sie rücken die Perspektive zurecht und geben den Blick auf das Wesentliche frei. Seit ich EMDR einsetze, sind sie viel häufiger.
Unter Fachleuten steht EMDR für "Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing", unter Klienten auch für "einmal musst du ran", in jedem Fall aber für eine psychotherapeutische Zusatzmethode zur geschützten Verarbeitung traumatischer Erfahrungen.
EMDR besteht aus den acht Phasen nach Francine Shapiro. Die beiden ersten und letzten entsprechen dem in der Traumatherapie üblichen Vorgehen, während die Schritte drei bis sechs eine typische EMDR-Sitzung ausmachen. Am Anfang stehen wie üblich Anamnese und Behandlungsplanung (erste Phase). Nach den Leitlinien zur Behandlung posttraumatischer Störungen (Flatten u.a. 2001) gehört an den Anfang außerdem eine Phase der inneren und äußeren Stabilisierung (zweite Phase). Erst danach folgen die EMDR-Sitzungen im engeren Sinne, bestehend aus der Anfangseinschätzung der Symptomatik (dritte Phase), der zentralen (vierten) Phase der Neuverarbeitung, der Verankerung des erreichten Zustandes (fünfte Phase) und der Prüfung der Restbelastung auf Körperebene - kurz: Körpertest (sechste Phase). Wie in jeder traumatherapeutischen Arbeit wird bei EMDR besonderer Wert auf einen guten Abschluss der Sitzung gelegt (siebte Phase). Und ob die mit EMDR erreichte Veränderung stabil geblieben ist, wird zu Beginn der Folgesitzung überprüft (achte Phase).
Es wird nun die Arbeit mit drei Klienten beschrieben, einer Augenärztin, einem Top-Manager und einer Bäckereiangestellten. Die unterschiedlichen Fälle illustrieren in verschiedenen Facetten, wie ich die Phasen von EMDR in therapeutisches Handeln umsetze. Namen und Details habe ich zum Schutz der Klienten geändert.
A doctor will recover a lost part of her biography, a man can experience after a hostage-taking back security, a baker's wife pressed the silent alarm at the concentration camp deaths of their grandparents for the first time with a brush and color. Such moments make me feel to get back from my clients very much. You adjust the perspective and give a view of the essentials. Since I use EMDR, they are much more common.
Among experts EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, "among clients for" once you have ran, and in any case for a psychotherapeutic method for secure additional processing of traumatic experiences.
EMDR consists of eight phases by Francine Shapiro. The two first and last correspond to the normal practice in trauma therapy, while accounting for three to six steps a typical EMDR session. In the beginning, as usual, are medical history and treatment plan (first phase). According to the guidelines for the treatment of post traumatic disorders (Flatten et al 2001) belongs also to the beginning of a phase of internal and external stability (second phase). Only after the EMDR sessions follow in the strict sense, consisting of the initial assessment of symptoms (third phase), the central (fourth) phase of the reprocessing, anchoring the achieved state (fifth phase) and the testing of residual stress on the body level - in short: Body Test (sixth phase). As in any trauma therapy work is placed in EMDR special importance to a successful conclusion of the meeting (seventh phase). And whether the change reached EMDR has remained stable, is checked at the beginning of the next meeting (sixth phase).
It is now working with three clients described, an eye doctor, a top manager and a bakery employee. The different cases illustrate different facets of how I transpose the phases of EMDR in therapeutic action. I have changed names and details to protect the client.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Shapiro, F. (2002, January). EMDR 12 years after its introduction: Past and future research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 1-22. doi:10.1002/jclp.1126 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was one of the first treatments of PTSD to be evaluated in controlled research and has to date been empirically supported by 13 such studies. This article reviews the historical context and empirical research of EMDR over the past dozen years. Historically, EMDR's name has caused confusion in that "desensitization" is considered to be only a by-product of reprocessing and because the eye movement component of EMDR is only one form of dual stimulation to be successfully used in this integrative approach. Research is needed to determine the comparative efficacy of EMDR relative to cognitive-behavioral treatments of PTSD. However, this has been hampered by the lack of independent replication studies of the latter treatments. Current component analyses of EMDR have failed to effectively evaluate the relative weighting of its procedures. Parameters for future research and the testing of protocols for diverse disorders are suggested. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Cognitive Processes Literature Review Posttraumtic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Needs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Bender, S., Hollander, H., & Accaria, P. (2001, June). EMDR and hypnosis. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) describe how EMDR and hypnosis differ; 2) utilize a muscle testing ideomotor signaling procedure to develop EMDR protocols; 3) apply Eriksonian training in the EMDR protocol; and 4) employ an aspect of EMDR, the eye movements, in an hypnotic protocol.
Keywords: Eriksonian Training Hypnosis Muscle Testing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Chandarasiri, P. (2008, June). EMDR and play therapy in traumatised children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Young children who are not yet fully developed mentally can not differentiate the past traumatic memory from
the present reality and in metabolising disturbing trauma memories. Children usually mix their past experience
and the present through play to help them connect the pieces of experience into a narrative that is
understandable for them. Every piece of trauma in the past is integrated into their life and may adversely
influence their personality formation. Trauma work with children through play and EMDR techniques can be
helpful in preventing such distortion, especially among disable children. EMDR method was applied to a 10 years
old boy with learning disability. He was separated from his family and stayed at the residential home. He had his
past experience of witnessing domestic violence since early infancy. The injuries sustained by his mother had
caused great concern for him. He also experienced sexual abuse by another boy which was reflected in sex play
with his peers. He had attention problem, aggressive behaviours together with difficulty in regulating his moods.
Because of his limitation, he preferred to communicate his emotions through action and play rather than
verbally. His preoccupation was expressed through figures fighting that typically resulted in death. During the
play session, the therapist would intermittently take a pause with him and the bilateral tapping was applied
corresponding with the event in play, for example checking through the worst event, the negative event, the
positive event, the strength, the changes taking place in their mind and the play. Most of his play started with
the fighting and ended with the good figures won. The installation was applied at the end. His behaviours were
monitored at the residential home and at the school. It was found later that he could control his anger better and
he was able to tell the caretakers showing that he was aware of his feelings and his behaviours. The conclusion
can be drawn that the use of bilateral stimulation during play therapy has facilitated changes in his behaviours,
affects, and communication.
Keywords: Children Play Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Rogers, S. (1998, July). EMDR and the resolution of guilt in a veteran population. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) be able to differentiate between survivor guilt, bystander guilt, and perpetrator guilt and will become familiar with some of the literature addressing this issue; 2) become familiar with common patterns of naturally-occurring resolution of guilt during EMDR; 3) learn some ways the issue of guilt in clients'presentations, how to present EMDR in a way which can be accepted by clients, and how to frame cognitive interweaves which can be used by clients whose guilt may be "reality based."
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Fannin, J. L. (1998, July). EMDR in the treatment of anxiety as it pertains to work-related issues. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn the components to the Reality Model and how each component impacts a person's behavior; 2) understand how specific measurement instruments can distinguish one's thinking and behavioral styles and in turn lead to the identification of one or more negative cognitions to be used in the EMDR process; and 3) learn key stratregies to making the EMDR process more effective in turning new skills into productive habits for the clients' daily life.
Keywords: Anxiety Reality Model Work-Related Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Kennert, G. (2008). EMDR und biofeedback in der behandlung von posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen [EMDR and biofeedback in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder]. Forum Psychotherapeutische Praxis, 8(1), 45-46. doi:10.1026/1860-7357.8.1.45b.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract: rezensiert von Gabriele Kennert, In dem von Stefan Jacobs und Anna de Jong vorgestellten
Behandlungskonzept werden die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie, das EMDR-Verfahren sowie Biofeedback miteinander kombiniert, um die Angstreaktion im Rahmen traumatisierender Erinnerungen zu verringern
bzw. zu hemmen und somit auch die Symptomatik der
posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung abzubauen.
Im ersten Teil des Buches gehen die Autoren eingehend auf den theoretischen Hintergrund (Neurophysiologie, Hirnfunktionen) ein, die mit der neuronalen Bahnung von traumatisierenden Erinnerungen einhergehen. Hierbei vertreten sie die These, dass sich die neuronalen
Bahnungen der Traumata nicht löschen lassen, dass sozusagen die Angstreaktion in der Amygdalaregion im Gehirn löschungsresistent ist und es somit in der Konsequenz im Therapieziel nur um die Verringerung der Angstreaktion, bzw. Hemmung der Angstreaktion gehen könne. Konkret modifizieren die Autoren innerhalb des kognitiv,
verhaltenstherapeutischen Vorgehens das Modell
von Ehlers und Clark, ebenso das EMDR-Verfahren von
Shapiro. Das Biofeedbackverfahren nutzen die Autoren
als diagnostisches Instrument, um die subjektiven Bewertungen seitens der Patienten und Patientinnen auch objektiv überprüfbar zu machen mit Hilfe der Messung der elektrodermalen Aktivität (EDA). Im zweiten Teil des Buches beschreiben sie detailliert eine wissenschaftliche Studie an 16 Patienten und Patientinnen, die an dem Behandlungsprogramm an der Universität Göttingen teilgenommen haben. Hierbei sei bei allen Patienten und Patientinnen eine signifikante positive Symptomveränderung der PTB nachzuweisen gewesen. Im weiteren Teil des Buches stellen sie ihr ausführliches
Therapiekonzept und Behandlungsprotokoll vor.
Es wird eingehend auf die Diagnostik (psychologische
Testverfahren sowie Biofeedback eingegangen, ein wichtiger
Teil ist die Informationsvermittlung sowie Stabilisierung für die Patienten und Patientinnen. Danach erfolgt
die Traumabehandlung mit Konfrontation und Integration. Wert wird hierbei in Abgrenzung zu Shapiro auf die frühzeitige Verbindung zur positiven Kognition gelegt in Verbindung mit Hausaufgaben, die die Patienten
zwischen den Sitzungen bekommen mit eingehenden
Verhaltensübungen. Die Autoren grenzen ein, dass ihre Methode nicht für alle Patienten und Patie tinnen geeignet ist, sondern dissoziative
Störungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen sowie Suchtproblematik explizit ausgeschlossen seien.
Die Stabilisierungsübungen werden praktisch beschrieben (Sicherer Ort, Tresor), ebenso die praktische Anwendung des Biofeedbackverfahrens sowie das Behandlungsprotokoll
für EMDR. Gegen Ende des Bandes schließen sich Fallstudien
aus der Arbeit der Autoren an, um die Praxis zu verdeutlichen.
Im Anhang gibt es Adressenverzeichnisse über den
Bezug von Tests, Biofeedbackgeräten oder Lehrfilmen.
Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass der Band
kurzgefasst, sehr übersichtlich und konkret sowie praxisnah das neuropsychotherapeutische Behandlungsprogramm darstellt, so dass dies hilfreich für die psychotherapeutische
Praxis in Bezug auf Traumabehandlungen erscheint.
Das Buch richtet sich an Fachleute und ist für
Laien eher weniger geeignet.
In the presented text by Stefan Jacobs and Anna de Jong, the treatments approached are the cognitive-behavioral therapy,
the EMDR method and biofeedback
combined to the fear reaction Framework to reduce traumatic memories
or to inhibit and thus the symptoms of
reduce post-traumatic stress disorder.
In the first part of the book, the authors detail
to the theoretical background (neurophysiology,
Brain functions, a), the facilitation of the neuronal accompanied by traumatic memories.
Here, they argued that the neuronal
Facilitations of trauma can not be cleared, so to speak, that the fear response in the Amygdalaregion Brain is resistant to extinction and thus in consequence the goal of therapy just to reduce the fear response, and inhibiting the fear response could. Specifically, the authors modify within the cognitive, behavioral approach, the model
by Ehlers and Clark, as well as the method of EMDR
Shapiro. The biofeedback method, the authors use
as a diagnostic tool for the subjective evaluation
on the part of the patients also
making objectively verifiable by measuring
electrodermal activity (EDA).
In the second part of the book they describe in detail a scientific study of 16 male and female patients, where the treatment program at the University Göttingen participated. Here is at
all patients, and patients had a significant positive Detect symptom change the PTB have been.
In another part of the book they put their detailed Therapeutic approach and treatment protocol first. It will detail the psychological diagnosis (
Test procedures and biofeedback received an important
Part is to communicate information and stabilization for male and female patients. Thereafter the confrontation with trauma treatment and integration. Value in this case in contrast to Shapiro on down early connection to the positive cognition in conjunction with homework, the patients who get between meetings with incoming Behavioral exercises.
The authors of a frontier that their method is not for All male and female patients is appropriate, but dissociative And personality disorders and addiction are explicitly excluded.
The stabilization exercises are described practically
(Safe Place, Safe), as well as the practical
Application of biofeedback procedure and the treatment protocol for EMDR. Towards the end of the tape to close case studies from the work of the authors in order to clarify the practice.
In the appendix, there are records of the address
Terms of testing, biofeedback devices or educational films. In summary, one can say that the band concise, very clear and concrete and practical the neuro-psychological treatment program represents, so this is helpful for the psychotherapeutic Practice in relation to trauma treatment appears. The book is aimed at professionals and is for Lay less suitable.
Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Jacobs, S., de Jong, A., & Strack, M. (2007). EMDR und biofeedback in der therapie posttraumatischer belastungsstörungen: Evaluation eines neuropsychotherapeutischen behandlungsprogramms [EMDR and biofeedback in the therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluation of a neuropsychotherapeutic intervention]. VPP - Verhaltenstherapie & Psychosoziale Praxis, 39(4), 855-876.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eine neu entwickelte multimodale, neuropsychotherapeutic Programm für die Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) wurde ausgewertet. Ausgehend von neueren Erkenntnissen in der Forschung neuroscienctific, so dass eine Dissoziation zwischen impliziter und expliziter Trauma-Speicher die wichtigste Grundlage der PTBS ist, verschiedene Module wurden im Rahmen der Behandlung integriert anzuzeigen. Die vereinigten Komponenten sind: spezifische Hintergrundinformationen über die Unordnung und typische PTSD-Symptome, eine pädagogische Film für Patienten, spezifische kognitive Verhaltenstherapie und Biofeedback-Techniken unterstützte Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Das Ziel der Biofeedback-Sitzungen während EMDR ist es, den Patienten eine direkte Rückmeldung über die implizite Prozesse während der Trauma-Exposition. Darüber hinaus Erfassung der physiologischen Daten über Biofeedback ermöglicht das Testen, ob es eine Korrelation zwischen dem Grad der subjektiven Belastung durch traumatische Erinnerungen ausgelöst (quantifiziert mit der SUD-Skala), und messbare physiologische Erregung. Elektrodermale Aktivität (EDA; Hautleitfähigkeit) wurde als eine physiologische Parameter gemessen. Die Ergebnisse einer durchgeführten Pilot-Studie (16 Patienten auf der Grundlage, mit einem wartenden Gruppe als Kontrollgruppe) zeigen verschiedene EDA-Muster während EMDR-desensitivation (fad und assoziative Wiederaufbereitung). Ein offensichtlich Reduktion der PTBS-Symptome gefunden (d = 2,27) sein, die stärker ist als in anderen Behandlungen. Die traumatischen Erinnerungen mit EMDR behandelt wurde weniger Anstrengung, die ebenfalls reflektiert in der Physiologie (verminderte autonome Erregung) und in der subjektiven Belastung fühlte sich durch die Patienten. Die Kürzungen der Erregung (d = 1,01) und subjektive Belastung (d = 2,55) zeigen, dass eine effektive Hemmung der Aktivierung der Amygdala-und damit der Angstreaktion selbst-aufgrund der Intervention geschaffen. Mit EMDR reduziert die Amygdala physiologische Erregung. Wir vermuten, dass aus diesem Grund den medialen präfrontalen Kortex und im Hippocampus kann eine kortikale Inhibition, die erfolgreich reduziert die Angst-Reaktion (Grawe, 2004) zu etablieren. Die berichteten Ergebnisse wurden durch einen dreimonatigen Follow-up-Bewertung bestätigt. Mit einer durchschnittlichen Dauer von 16 Sitzungen und einer nicht vorhandenen Drop-out-Rate (0%), die Intervention erwiesen sich ebenfalls als sehr effizient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, alle Rechte vorbehalten)
A newly developed multimodal, neuropsychotherapeutic program for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated. Starting from recent findings in the neuroscienctific research, which indicate that a dissociation between implicit and explicit trauma-memory is the main basis of PTSD, different modules were integrated within the treatment. The combined components are: specific background information regarding the disorder and typical PTSD-symptoms, an educational movie for patients, specific cognitive behavioral intervention techniques and biofeedback-supported Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The aim of using biofeedback during EMDR sessions is to give patients a direct feedback about the implicit processes during trauma-exposition. In addition, recording the physiological data via biofeedback allows testing if there is a correlation between the level of subjective strain, triggered by traumatic memories (quantified with the SUD-scale), and measurable physiological arousal. Electrodermal activity (EDA; skin conductance) was measured as a physiological parameter. The results of a conducted pilot-study (based on 16 patients, with a waiting group as a control group) show different EDA-patterns during EMDR-desensitivation (bland and associative reprocessing). An evident reduction of the PTSD-symptoms could be found (d = 2.27), which is stronger than in other treatments. The traumatic memories treated with EMDR became less straining, which reflects likewise in physiology (decreased autonomous arousal) and in the subjective strain felt by the patients. The reductions of arousal (d = 1.01) and subjective strain (d = 2.55) indicate that an effective inhibition of the amygdala activation—and thereby of the anxiety reaction itself—is created due to the intervention. Using EMDR reduces the amygdala induced physiological arousal. We suppose that for this reason the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus can establish a cortical inhibition, which successfully reduces the anxiety reaction (Grawe, 2004). The reported results were confirmed by a three month follow-up evaluation. With an average duration of 16 sessions and a non-existing drop-out rate (0%), the intervention also proved to be very efficient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Biofeedback PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Herbert, C. (2011, June). EMDR – Practical applications and different treatment protocols for different needs. Presentation at the 7th International Congress of Cognitive Therapy, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced by Shapiro (1989) as a cognitivebehavioural
therapy for clients with trauma a little over 20 years ago. After an initial period of intense
controversy and scepticism regarding its proclaimed evidence base, EMDR has been studied extensively, its
efficacy has been confirmed (Van Etten & Taylor, 1998; Shepherd et al. 2000, Alto, 2001; Davidson &
Parker, 2001; Maxfield & Hyer, 2002; Bisson & Andrew, 2005; Bradley, et.al., 2005; Bisson, Ehlers,
Matthews, Pilling, Richards, & Turner, 2007) and is one of the effective treatments of PTSD recommended
by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) of the UK Department of Health in March 2005. It has
been estimated (Farrell & Keenan, 2010) that in the United Kingdom and Ireland approximately 6,000
mental health clinicians have been trained in EMDR. Although studies have evaluated EMDR as a distinct
therapeutic modality, during the course of their different levels of EMDR training, clinicians are encouraged
to integrate the EMDR treatment protocol into their predominant therapeutic orientation. Thus, EMDR can
be used across different psychological therapies, including the Cognitive Psychotherapies. While this makes
EMDR a highly versatile modality, it can pose a practical challenge to clinicians in terms of when and how to
integrate EMDR into their work with clients. Further, for therapists not trained in EMDR, the concepts may
seem strange and scepticism may remain to this date.
This workshop seeks to close the gap between false perception and reality about EMDR, by drawing on the
facilitator’s 14 years of practical experience in the use and integration of EMDR alongside her work as a
Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist. This practice-oriented workshop will explore different applications
of EMDR across the trauma spectrum, as well as, some treatment protocols for other client problems. The
important roles of resource installation and interweaves will be introduced. Several forms of bilateral
stimulation (DAS - Dual attention stimulus) and an EMDR-based protocol for the installation of a Safe Place
for complex trauma (Herbert, 2002) will be practically demonstrated.
Learning Objective
• To learn about different EMDR applications both in the treatment of different types of trauma, as
well as, other psychological problems.
• To alleviate scepticism and encourage understanding on how EMDR can be integrated alongside
the Cognitive Psychotherapies.
• To gain some practical exposure on how EMDR is applied.
Training Modality
• Training will be practice-oriented and will include some experiential exercise.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Weston, D. L. (1992, Winter). EMDR, grief and mourning. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(3), 9.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
In the November, 1992 EMDR training, Dr. Shapiro stated that using EMDR in grief and mourning challenges the concept of how long mourning “should” last. This case example shows how EMDR has assisted in the process of mourning by dealing with some of the self-messages that create pain without denying the reality of the loss experience.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Reyes, G., Elhai, J. D., & Ford, J. D. (2008, October). The encyclopedia of psychological trauma. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Every major healthcare, social and behavioral science, education, and human services discipline and sub-specialty now includes trauma/posttraumatic stress disorder as a focal topic for researchers, educators, and practitioners. The Encyclopedia of Psychological Trauma is the only authoritative reference on the scientific evidence, clinical practice guidelines, and social issues addressed within the field of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. Edited by the leading experts in the field, mental health practitioners will turn to this resource for complete coverage of evidence-based and standard treatments and topics as well as controversial topics including EMDR, virtual reality therapy, and much more.
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Klotter, J. (2011, October). Energy psychology. Townsend Letter, 339, 25.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
What do acupuncture meridians and muscle testing have to do with psychology? They are tools for accessing and manipulating psychoemotional material in the energetic field, according to practitioners of energy psychology. The most popular forms of energy psychology at this time include eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), Thought Field Therapy (TFT), and its offshoot Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT). All, particularly EMDR, have shown documented effects in clinical studies.
Keywords: Energy Psychology
Accuracy Verified: No
35. Ernst, E. (2004, August). Ephedra alkaloids and brief relapse in EMDR-treated obsessive compulsive disorder, Reply. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110(2), 159. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00369.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Reply by the current author to the comments made by E.M. Corrigan and J. Jennett (see record 2004-16054-010) on the original article (see record 2003-05653-002). They describe a 29-year-old woman with an obsessive compulsive disorder relapse following ingestion of herbal products containing ephedra alkaloids. This case report highlights a number of points which can be important for psychiatric practice: our patients often see herbal remedies as risk-free additions to their conventional treatments; in reality, however, they can contain powerful ingredients with potential to harm. One may love or hate complementary medicine, but vis-à-vis its popularity with our patients it seems an ethical imperative to know the essentials about it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Comment Ephedra alkaloids Letter Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Relapse Reply
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Gabarra, D. O. (2012, Novembro). Estados de ego e o EMDR em quadros dissociativos [Ego states and EMDR in dissociative frames]. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
O objetivo da oficina é abordar como os processos de dissociação consciente de papéis ou estados de ego podem ser utilizados para potencializar a reintegração psíquica dos pacientes dissociativos. Pacientes dissociativos sempre foram um dos grandes temores dos terapeutas em EMDR para o uso da fase 3 em diante. Geralmente esses quadros requerem um grande tempo de preparação além de um manejo mais avançado e interventivo durante o reprocessamento. Entretanto, entre pacientes com alto grau dissociativo é comum encontrarmos pessoas com grande fragilidade psíquica, acesso a um pobre histórico de recursos, uma grande dificuldade em se expressar, perceber e nomear seus sentimentos além de grande dificuldade em relatar seus traumas. Então, como avançar no protocolo de EMDR com pessoas tão fragilizadas e que quase não nos dão dicas do conteúdo de seus traumas? Alguns critérios hipotéticos auxiliam a instrumentalizar tanto o profissional quanto o paciente a enfrentarem o reprocessamento. Primeiramente, (a) se diante de uma história de traumas intensos a pessoa sobreviveu e chegou até você, é porque ela tem recursos importantes, mesmo que tenha dificuldade de acessá-los. Um desses recursos é o próprio quadro dissociativo que a protege da intensidade dos traumas e possibilita a vida “apesar de...”. (b) Se essas partes estão tão distantes uma da outra, é porque elas tiveram um motivo para isso, mas talvez esse motivo já esteja no passado, e hoje podemos caminhar para uma conversa. (c) Sendo todos esses papéis ou egos são partes do eu, certamente eles querem algo de positivo para esse eu, mesmo que aparentemente seja difícil perceber isso. Essas hipóteses ou crenças positivas a respeito do paciente devem ser checadas com dados de realidade para que possam ser fortalecidas, mas, mais do que isso, é fundamental que elas "transpirem por todos os poros do corpo do terapeuta". Identificados os estados de ego presentes no evento traumático parece ser mais fácil seguir com a etapa do reprocessamento de deforma menos interventiva, principalmente quando não se tem o conteúdo do evento em questão. Obviamente que todo esse processo deve levar todo o tempo necessário e seguido de todos os
cuidados que a aplicação do EMDR demanda.
The goal of the workshop is to discuss how the processes of conscious dissociation of roles or ego states can be used to enhance the reintegration of the psychic dissociative patients. Dissociative patients have always been one of the great fears of EMDR therapists for use in phase 3 onwards. Generally these paintings require a great preparation time plus a more advanced and interventional management during reprocessing. However, among patients with high dissociative is common to find people with great fragility psychic, poor access to a historical resource, a great difficulty in expressing themselves, perceive and name their feelings besides great difficulty in reporting their trauma. So, how to advance the EMDR protocol with people so fragile and hardly give us hints of the contents of their trauma? Some hypothetical criteria help to equip both the professional and the patient to face the reprocessing. First, (a) in front of a history of severe trauma the person survived and came to you, it is because it has important features, even if you have difficulty accessing them. One of these features is the very dissociative disorder that protects the intensity of the trauma and allows life "although ...". (B) If these parties are so far apart, it's because they had a reason for that, but maybe that reason is already in the past, and today we can walk into a conversation. (C) Since all these roles and egos are part of me, surely they want something positive to me, although apparently it is difficult to realize this. These positive beliefs or assumptions about the patient be checked against data from reality so that they can be strengthened, but more than that, it is crucial that they "transpire from every pore of the body of the therapist." Identified ego states present at the traumatic event seems to be easier to follow with step of reprocessing deforms less interventionist, especially when you do not have the content of the event in question. Obviously, this entire process should take all the time necessary and followed by all
care that the application of EMDR demand.
Keywords: Advanced Management Dissociation Ego States
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Boyer, W. R. (2007). An exploratory study of the effects of EMDR on state/trait anxiety and anger in adult male sex offenders. Argosy University, San Francisco, CA. ATT 3286571.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the effects of EMDR
on state and trait anxiety and anger levels associated with developmental
traumas of sexual offenders in outpatient sex offender treatment. A
qualitative component explored the participants' perceptions of their
therapy experiences as helpful in resolving problematic reactive behaviors
linked with the developmental traumas and other negative life experiences.
The male participants ranged in age from 20 to 49 and were self-selected
from a purposive sample of clients receiving treatment in an outpatient sex
offender program in Southwest Florida. From this sample group, N = 17, the
study participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment
modalities, EMDR or CBT. This exploratory study utilized a
quasi-experimental, mixed methods format to analyze the effects of EMDR on
state/trait anxiety and anger levels. The study utilized both quantitative
and qualitative research strategies to acquire what Webster and Marshall
(2004) described as "the clearest, fullest picture of behavior" (p. 118).
The quantitative analysis of data obtained from the pre and post-testing
found no significant differences between the treatment groups in reducing
state/trait anxiety and anger levels. The analysis of the qualitative
interview data revealed four core themes: Treatment Efficacy, Emotional
Processing, Therapeutic Alliance, and Empowerment. The emergent themes of
emotional processing and the therapeutic alliance have not been fully
explored in sex offender therapy and may warrant further scrutiny.
Additionally, processing of developmental traumas and past victimization has
been avoided or minimized in standard cognitive-behavioral sex offender
treatment contrary to more recent research findings that identify attachment
problems and intimacy deficits as key dynamic risk factors associated with
sexual recidivism (Adams, 2003). The field of sex offender therapy may
benefit from future research that investigates the role of trauma resolution
in mitigating dynamic risk factors that are linked with recidivistic sexual
violence. EMDR may serve as an adjunctive therapy to assist sexual offenders
to effectively process developmental wounds and in so doing target dynamic
risk factors by improving their ability to emotionally self-regulate and
enhance their ability to more fully experience victim empathy and improve
interpersonal relationships. Future sex offender research may benefit from
more expanded investigations of EMDR and other limbic therapies. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 68(10-B), 2008, pp. 6951.
Keywords: Anger Anxiety Criminals Developmental Disabilities Empirical Study Qualitative Study Outpatients Quantitative Study Sex Offenders Sex Offenses Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Brown, S. H., Stowasser, J. E., & Shapiro, F. (2011). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR): Mental health-substance use. In D. B. Cooper (Ed.), Intervention in Mental Health-Substance Use (pp. 165-193) United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd .
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Substance use disorders remain a persistent social and medical problem. According to a
recent report,1 addiction is the number one health problem in the United States. The report
notes that when one considers the direct costs of drug-induced health problems, deaths due
to accidents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or drug-related acts of violent crime,
there are ‘more deaths, illnesses and disabilities from substance abuse than from any other
preventable health condition’.1
Most experts today agree that substance use disorders are a complex interaction
between genetics, environment, and experience. ‘Substance dependence is not a failure of
will or of strength of character, but a medical disorder that could affect any human being.
Dependence is a chronic and relapsing disorder, often co-occurring with other physical
and mental conditions’.2
The question remains - Why has it been that over the course of human history,
where people and cultures have had access to alcohol and potent mind-altering substances,
that only some become addicted while the rest are able to regulate their use?
The drugs that people experiencing substance use disorders select are not chosen
randomly, but are a result of an interaction between the psychopharmacologic action of the
drug and the dominant painful feelings with which they struggle. Edward Khantzian,
observed that opiates are often preferred because of their powerful numbing action on the
affects of rage and aggression. Cocaine has its appeal because of its ability to relieve
distress associated with depression. Although ill-fated, ‘addicts discover that the short-term
effects of their drugs of choice help them cope with distressful subjective states and an
external reality otherwise experienced as unmanageable or overwhelming’. Thus emerges a compelling hypothesis, which proposes that people use psychoactive substances in an
attempt to control painful symptoms resulting from psychological trauma. This is referred
to as ‘self-medication’.
Some studies in the United States show that more than 50% of people with mental
disorders also suffer from substance dependence compared to 6% of the general
population.2 It is from our interest in providing integrated treatment for the complex
interaction of genes, environment, trauma, and psychological pain as a driving force behind
mental health-substance use disorders, that this chapter is written.
Keywords: Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Gomory, T. (2001, January ). A fallibilistic response to Thyer’s theory of theory-free empirical research in social work practice. Journal of Social Work Education, 37(1), 26-50.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The author responses to the professor B.A. Thyer's theory of theory-free empirical research in social work practice. Thyer provides a number of examples in the present article, several apparently by his doctoral students. It is not quite clear what he means when he offers them in the spirit of these contemporary qualitative times as anecdotal examples of this distortion of the research process, except to suggest that these case examples are just personal reflections and are not therefore to be taken seriously. That would be most unempirical and to no point. It seems at least to this reviewer that a set of theoretical conjectures formalized in a treatment package was being tested, perhaps something to the effect that the provision of education about the consequence of compliance or noncompliance together with case management support and reminders will significantly improve maternal compliance. Thyer apparently doesn't recognize this as theory testing or using theory, but he would need to spell out specifically why, for example, case management is a theory-free intervention.[Author's abstract]
Keywords: Theory-Free Empirical Research Thyer
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Shapiro, E. (2009). Four elements exercise for stress management. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 73-79). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The rationale behind the creation of "The Four Elements Exercise for Stress Management" is to address the cumulative effect of external and internal triggers that occur over the course of the day. Since we know that people cope better with stress when they stay within their arousal "window of tolerance," ways to lower stress—especially when under stress—are essential. The heart of the exercise consists of four, brief, self-calming and self-control activities. The sequence of the four elements—Earth-Air-Water-Fire—is designed to follow the body up from the feet to the stomach and chest, to the throat and mouth, and up through the head. It begins with the ground to signify safety in the present reality and moves up to the imagination of recalled safety. By checking in with stress levels at random times throughout the day and also when stressful events are occurring, the exercise can aid in preventing the accumulation of stress and enables clients to stay within their window of tolerance. The modest goal is to reduce the stress level by 1 or 2 units each time the exercise is performed. The original conceptualization of the Four Elements Exercise was that the first three elements could be a preparation for the Safe Place (or other resource exercise such as the Resource Connection), especially when there is an ongoing emergency situation or when it is difficult to find a Safe Place. Often, the fourth element is introduced at the following meeting, as the first three elements are enough to remember and practice in the beginning for clients. Working on the Safe Place separately during the following session gives it more space and impact. It is advisable to follow up on how the client practiced the four elements at the beginning of the next session and to ask them to show you how they do it. If necessary, demonstrate it again at the beginning of the first few sessions. This is a way of checking for compliance and readiness for EMDR as well as present level of stress and sense of safety with you in the room. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Four Elements Exercise Protocol Stress Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Pagani, M. (2013, June). Functional and structural neuroimaging and EEG monitoring related to EMDR and CBT treatments for PTSD. Presentation at the 13th annual conference for the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS), Bologna, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In the recent past several neuroimaging studies aimed at evaluating the neural correlates of PTSD-related psychotherapies revealing their neurobiological effects on brain function. Functional studies by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and electroencephalography (EEG) detected changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation patterns, identifying the brain areas implicated in the various components of emotional processing and/or affected by the disorder. Investigations by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have also revealed PTSD-related structural changes.
The first part of the workshop will review the neuroimaging methodologies and findings in PTSD treatment-related research with an extensive review of previous literature on the neurobiological effects of the various psychotherapies. The second part will deal with the description and implementation in research and clinic of neuropsychological testing with brief comments and discussion about their use in recent studies published by our group. In the third part the EEG monitoring of a complete set of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapies in 30 patients suffering of major trauma as compared to 20 healthy controls will be presented. These findings will also be compared to the neurobiological effects of trauma-focussed Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in a second group of psychologically traumatized clients. The results are the first report ever on the neurobiological changes occurring before, during and after PTSD-related psychotherapies shedding light on the neuronal processes underlying their clinical efficacy.
The description and the discussion about the contents of the workshop will provide the audience (1) the necessary information to understand the methodological principles behind neuroimaging techniques (SPECT, EEG and MRI) and their possible applications in research and clinic; (2) the up-dated critical knowledge of the published papers in the field of PTSD-related psychotherapies functional and anatomical studies; (3) the basic research principles and examples to be motivated to start, take part and/or collaborate to functional studies in order to better understand the neural basis of psychotherapeutic techniques. The presented material will represent the state-of-the-art of the current neuroscience PTSD-related research and of the neuroimaging methodologies available at the moment.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. van den Hout, M. A., & Engelhard, I. M. (2011, March). Hoe het komt dat EMDR werkt [How it is that EMDR works]. Directieve Therapie en Hypnose, 31(1), 5-23. doi:10.1007/s12433-011-0002-5.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement and Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) is een effectieve behandeling van traumasymptomen en de positieve effecten worden teruggevonden in het laboratorium, onder goed gecontroleerde omstandigheden. Dat biedt de mogelijkheid om na te gaan hoe EMDR werkt. Er wordt verslag gedaan naar de bevindingen uit een lange reeks experimenten. De hypothese dat oogbewegingen (of andere taken die worden uitgevoerd tijdens het ophalen van herinneringen) overbodig zijn en dat de exposure aan aversieve herinneringen tijdens EMDR de effecten verklaart, is niet houdbaar. Het idee dat ‘bilaterale stimulatie’ noodzakelijk is, snijdt evenmin hout. Je kunt net zo goed de ogen van boven naar beneden laten bewegen of taken laten doen waarbij helemaal geen oogbewegingen worden gemaakt. Belangrijk is dat de taak het werkgeheugen belast. Uit de werkgeheugenverklaring van EMDR is een lange reeks voorspellingen af te leiden. Die blijken wonderwel bestand tegen kritische experimentele tests en er tekent zich een solide verklaring af van hoe EMDR werkt. Die theorie en de empirische bevindingen hebben allerhande implicaties voor de techniek van EMDR.
Eye Movement and Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment of trauma symptoms, while beneficial effects can be reproduced under controlled laboratory conditions. This opens the door for testing how EMDR works. The paper reports data from a long series of experiments. The hypothesis that eye movements (or other dual tasks) are superfluous and that EMDR effects are explained by exposure is untenable. The idea that ‘bilateral stimulation’ is crucial, does not match the data either. One can just as well move the eyes vertically, or carry out tasks that do not involve eye movements. The crucial factor seems to be that the dual task is taxing working memory. From the working memory account of EMDR a long series of predictions can be derived. The predictions survived critical experimental tests. The theory and empirical data have a range of technical implications for carrying out EMDR. These implications are discussed.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Brivio, R., & Bergamaschi, L. (2008, January). Human and organizational aspects affecting the wellbeing in rescue-working activity: EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation: The role of training methods, practice and simulation for psychological risks prevention and management in emergency workers.. International Workshop Reinforce Rescuers' Resilience by Empowering a well-being Demension Workshop, Turin, Italy .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The wellbeing of rescuers: Relational, organizational and technical aspects that can affect rescuers' wellbeing during
rescue activities: Stress inoculation, role playing and the role of mirror neurons in training, also through the use of
video recordings. Relaxation techniques, psychological debriefing and EMDR in trainings.
Focus of our intervention is the wellbeing of the rescuer. The study and research
on this matter came and were carried out thanks to the activity done both during
trainings and simulations of the Civil Protection than real emergencies.
Our team work received contribution by some psychologists of OPP (Parma’s
Psychologists’ Observatory: A.Sozzi, E.Pedrelli, F.Frati, A. Bocelli, T. Serra). Wellbeing, defined as a subjective and positive emotional state together with a
global life satisfaction (Diener, 1984), is strongly at risk during rescuer’s
emergency activities and can affect the rescuer both physically and
psychologically. The rescuer's capabilities, that we think are technical “know how” and thorough
knowledge, are essential to give the best performance according to the complexity
and urgency of the intervention. These skills can really contribute to the rescuer's
wellbeing, because they can improve the self-efficiency perception.
To effectively manage and train rescuers, it is furthermore important to consider
and acknowledge the influence of interpersonal relationships on technical
performances. It is, in fact, particularly important to recognize and support the
typical relationships that can be created in a team with the same task and
specialization, as well as in multidisciplinary teams, or teams belonging to
different Institutions but operating in the same scenario.
In recent years increasing attention has been given to training activities, even through the use of the role play for interventions in artificial emergency
scenarios. To recreate scenarios of massive emergencies, different Civil Protection
Associations, as well as First Aid volunteer associations and the local
Institutions have been involved. In these simulations, most cases focus on improving technical performances.
Lately psychologists have been asked to join the rescuers team.
During these simulations, the role-play of emotional and psychological problems
occurs thanks to the cooperation between emergency psychologists and the
medical team. The introduction of the role and expertise of psychologists allowed to extend and
strengthen the attention to cross support and care aspects for the psychological
wellbeing of both victims and rescuers.
The psychologist must therefore consider the “wellbeing” in all the emergency
scenarios and contexts, as a sum of all the components that we talked about here
and the ones we will describe during our intervention.
He must first of all be aware of the complexity of each intervention in the field,
and adopt a kind of approach aimed at creating and recovering wellbeing
strategies, that can be used by himself as well.
Strategies on how to build, recover and maintain the wellbeing identify stress as
the first danger source the rescuer has to face in his training and emergency
activity.
When external events or stimuli are perceived as difficult to face compared with
resources available at that moment, the individual gets stressed.
When the person's efforts are not adaptive to the external requests and/or
coherent with his performance expectations, he becomes vulnerable to emotional,
behavioural, cognitive and physical reactions, which can be even very difficult to
manage both in the short and/or in the medium-long term.
This can happen when the sources of stress depend on the rescuer’s
performance, and it can also happen in case of post traumatic stress, visible in
different stages after the event.
From the psychologist's specialist background and from the integration of this
with the result of field experiences, the demand for a range of different tools to
manage the different kinds of stress emerges, and these tools must be applicable
both to the individual and to the group.
This range is still improving, and the results of our observational activity from
past and present experiences lead us to see the opportunity to carry on our
research of tools of efficacy.
During this speech we would like to underline that approaches like Stress
Inoculation Training (SIT, Michenbaum, 1983) and the use of role playing allow
the technical appraisal and let the rescuers improve their stress management
skills, and all that can lead to a decrease in the risk of PTSD.
In past simulations of emergencies, we found out that the use of videotapes for
the role plays is a tool that should be taken more into account. We think it is
important to evaluate its potential for the rescuers' benefit, because it seems to
be not only “a record of technical performances”, but also an observation and
learning tool about the rescuer's own defence and adaptive strategies.
In fact, during these simulations we found out that the rescuers' psychological
and emotional vulnerability emerged in several situations. The fact that even in these artificial situations there were acute stress episodes and O codes urged us
to focus more on the matter of mutual influence between technical performance
and internal experience of stress.
We understand that such acute stress episodes may occur during real life critical
events but we can see how role playing and video recordings show that such
acute stress episodes affected the simulators themselves even during the
simulation. The videos show that even apparently “high immunity” simulators,
who are considered 'immune' thanks to their comprehensive and strong
experience, experienced acute stress, perhaps because of an incorrect selfevaluation
of their own stress management skills.
The interest in the use of videos as a training and reprocessing tool for rescuers
led some of us to specialize in role playing recording, so as to carry out a more
accurate and comprehensive study on those same videos and use them as a
mirror of reality and better educational tool through a vicar experience or through
“seeing oneself from within the experience” and in the interpersonal dynamics
that took place in the scenario.
Videotapes are a very known and widely used tool in other kinds of trainings,
disciplines and therapies (i.e. Family Therapy and CBT).
The discovery of mirror neurons by Rizzolati, Gallese et Al., provides the evidence
that when someone observes the same action performed by another person, the
neurons "mirrors" the behaviour of that person, as though the observer were itself
acting. Thanks to these researchers it is now proven that this can happen
thanks to the motor neurons in the pre-motor cortex.
Therefore, we would like to underline the role of videos as very useful and
versatile training tools, since they expose a situation in an unexpected realistic
manner “as if” it were true and “as if” we were really experiencing that situation,
with the consequent learning movements at the emotional, cognitive and
behavioural level, at the stress management level, as well as at the level of team
work dynamics.
Visual imagination activates the same brain regions that are active during visual
perception and motor imagination activates the same brain regions activated the
movement is really happening.
More importantly, it was possible for us to verify that the videos recorded by other
operators were not focused on showing the important psychological aspects we
mentioned for the goal of the trainings, thing that happened instead with the
videos recorded by psychologists. We think therefore that the use of videotapes
recorded by psychologists should be given more consideration in the trainings of
rescuers. During this intervention we will devote part of the time to broadcasting
two short videos; the first one shows the role playing of an intervention in an
emergency context, and the second one shows a part of an EMDR session (Eye
Movement Desensitization Reprocessing). We think it is important to recreate and
protect rescuers wellbeing in the post-role playing and post emergency stages
too. For years EMDR has been proven effective in improving the individual's
coping skills and in reprocessing, wherever necessary, the post traumatic
aspects resulting from critical events to whom not only the victims, but also the rescuers too, are exposed during emergencies.
Keywords: Emergency Workers Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation Rescue-Working Activity Risk Prevention and Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Handberg, H. H. (2007, June). Implications of "unity of duality" Tibetan psychology and philosophy in regard to psychotherapy and personal development and its correlations to EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In the Tibetan psychology and philosophy, the understanding that what we identify as the object does not exist as such independently of the experiencing subject is – at all levels of mind – essential. The subject perceives the object at a conceptual, feeling and sense level. In other words, as individuals we create the object at these three levels, and it becomes an integral part of our reality experience.
Tibetan Psychology has as it basis an understanding of the nature and functioning of the mind in its many different states of experiences. However, it does not see the mind-experience as an isolated phenomenon. It sees the body and mind as mutually interdependent and interdetermining on all levels – from both an ordinary level of body and mind to the basic energy level. The former is characteristic by an experience of great separation, and the latter by the experience of the inseparability of the body/mind.
In accordance with Tibetan metaphysics matter emerges from four basic “energy origins,” such that energy is seen as both the basis of matter, and is continuously pervading matter. From the energy resource all forms of existence arise and return again in a continuous movement of birth, existence and death, taking places every instant of time. It is because of the relationship of subject and object that we can change our object-experience, as well as our experience of the world and of the situations which arise in it.
Tibetan psychology maintains in this respect that the notion of self or self-identity is the core around which psychological patterns and the reality of the individual develop. The transformation process of an adequate self-identity into a healthier an less artificial identity takes the adept or client through the following process of change: (1) from a solid form level of the problematic subject/object experience, (2) to an energy level, taking us beyond the artificial identity and connect experience of reality, and (23) back into a new creation o the form level, into a new an more genuine experience of oneself and reality. Thus, when applying the insight of this basic interrelatedness of body and mind, subject and object and energy and matter – Unity in Duality – the experience of self-identity and that of the object undergoes a change, and the former problematic subject/object is transcended. The Tibetan self-development methods and the Tibetan psychotherapeutic methods, which Tarab Tulku has developed, deal essentially with healing and strengthening of the self-feeling and refining the self-reference/self-identity. It gives the theoretical analysis for changing the experience of self and the surroundings – of changing the approximation of reality – and it offers adequate psychotherapeutic as wall as self-development methods for its attainment. All in the Tibetan psychology and psychotherapy gives a new and valuable perspective, foundation and method supplementing and enriching Western Psychology in general and EMDR in particular.
Keywords: Poster Tibet Unity of Duality
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Twombly, J. H. (2000). Incorporating EMDR and EMDR adaptations into the treatment of clients with dissociative identity disorder. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 1(2), 61-81. doi:10.1300/J229v01n02_05.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper offers ways to incorporate Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of clients with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). Uses of EMDR detailed can be applied to Dissociative Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (DDNOS) and ego state work. EMDR is a therapeutic method using alternating bilateral stimulation (ABS) that integrates traumatic memories with adaptive reasoning and the patient's own resources, resulting in accelerated information processing and healing. DID is a complex disorder suffered by clients who have often experienced multiple childhood traumas. They live with what Kluft terms a "multiple reality disorder," and describes as living in "...several parallel but incompletely over-lapping constructions of the world and of life experience." An asset with EMDR is that it can accelerate the treatment process. A liability is that its incorrect use can accelerate decompensation for fragile clients, e.g., those with complex trauma histories or DID. This paper offers suggested uses of EMDR and EMDR adaptations to facilitate learning, intervene in multiple reality disorder, decrease some negative transferences, and to provide a protective format for processing traumatic material. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Dissociative Identity Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Rossman, M. & Bresler, D. (1995, June). Interactive guided imagery and EMDR: Synergy and complementarity. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
I. What is Imagery?
An image is a thought-form with sensory qualities. It is an internal representation of personal reality. Imagery is the
natural, efficient way the human nervous system stores, processes and accesses information. Imagery is the major
natural language of the unconscious
II. What is Interactive Communication?
There are three levels of interactive communication.
(1) Non-interactive communication in which the client is a passive participant of suggestion and the guide sets the
pacing and direction of the experience.
(2) One way interactive communication in which the guide provides the direction but the client sets the pace (e.g.
"let me know when you are feeling more comfortable and relaxed).
(3) Two way interactive communication in which the client provides both the pace and the direction of the
experience.
There are many great advantages to working interactively. Greater client participation in the process leads to greater
client empowerment, and with a greater sense of personal control, clients are able to progress more rapidly with less
resistance to the change process.
III. What is Interactive Guided Imagery"? -
Interactive Guided Imagery is a therapeutic approach that quickly accesses and simultaneously utilizes the rich
resources available from both the client's conscious and unconscious minds. It includes a set of techniques designed to
enhance relaxation, reduce the effects of stress, modulate affect, increase motivation, expand creativity and problem
solving abilities, resolve conflicts and the sequellae of trauma and facilitate action planning.
IV. The Inner Advisor -
The Inner Advisor is an internalized image that has the qualifies of wisdom and compassion. It can represent a
crucial inner support system for clients dealing with PTSD. Participants are taught how to find their own Inner
Advisors and to establish a dialogue that can lead to future inner exploration. The benefits and potential
complications of working with Advisor figures are discussed.
V. EMDR and Interactive Guided Imagery - (IGI)
Drs. Bresler and Rossman discuss what Interactive Guided Imagery and EMDR have in common and how they differ.
In particular, EMDR therapists are encouraged to utilize Conditioned Relaxation to enhance the clearing process
during eye movements, and to recruit the assistance of the Inner Advisor to prevent or reduce flooding, traumatic
insight, and/or regression panic. Conflict resolution techniques are also discussed.
Keywords: Guided Imagery
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Propper, R. E., & Christman, S. D. (2008). Interhemispheric interaction and saccadic horizontal eye movements - Implications for episodic memory, EMDR, and PTSD. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(4), 269-281. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.4.269.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The growing body of literature on the effects of bilateral saccadic eye movements, patterned after those
employed in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), on memory is reviewed. Research
indicates that engaging in bilateral saccadic eye movements prior to lab-based memory testing results in
signifi cant improvement in episodic memory across a wide range of memory tests. Other effects of these
types of eye movements on hemispheric activation and emotional state are also discussed. The fi ndings
are interpreted within a framework suggesting that bilateral saccadic eye movements, such as those employed
in EMDR, increase interaction between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. This framework
is also used to explain the effects of such eye movements on memory during EMDR treatment of posttraumatic
stress disorder.
Keywords: Eye Movements Episodic Memory Handedness Interhemispheric Interaction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. National Council on Disability (2009, March). Invisible wounds: Serving service members and veterans with PTSD and TBI. Author.
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
More than 1.6 million American service members have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). As of December 2008, more than 4,000 troops have been killed and over 30,000 have returned from a combat zone with visible wounds and a range of permanent disabilities. In addition, an estimated 25-40 percent have less visible wounds--psychological and neurological injuries associated with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or traumatic brain injury (TBI), which have been dubbed "signature injuries" of the Iraq War. National Council on Disability (NCD) concurs with the recommendations of previous Commissions, Task Forces and national organizations that: (1) A comprehensive continuum of care for mental disorders, including PTSD, and for TBI should be readily accessible by all service members and veterans. This requires adequate staffing and adequate funding of Veterans Administration (VA) and Department of Defense (DoD) health systems; (2) Mechanisms for screening service members for PTSD and TBI should be continuously improved to include baseline testing for all Service Members pre-deployment and follow up testing for individuals that are placed in situations where head trauma may occur; and (3) The current array of mental health and substance abuse services covered by TRICARE should be expanded and brought in line with other similar health plans. As this report indicates, the medical and scientific knowledge needed to comprehensively address PTSD and TBI is incomplete. However, many evidence-based practices do exist. Unfortunately, service members and veterans face a number of barriers in accessing these practices including stigma; inadequate information; insufficient services to support families; limited access to available services, and a shortage of services in some areas. Many studies and commissions have presented detailed recommendations to address these needs. There is an urgent need to implement these recommendations. (Contains 4 exhibits.)
Keywords: Afghanistan Iraq Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD TBI Traumatic Brain Injury Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Ziveri, D. (2002). L'efficacia dell‘EMDR nella psicoterapia del PTSD e dei ricordi traumatici: Valutazione delle risposte del potenziale elettrodermico (SPR) attraverso il biofeedback [The effectiveness of EMDR psychotherapy on PTSD and traumatic memories: Assessing the potential electrodermal responses (SPR) through biofeedback]. WWW.Psicotraumatologia.com, Pubblicazioni in linguia italiana..
Language: Italian
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Nel XXI secolo per la prima volta l'uomo avrà il potere di plasmare la Terra che desidera, costruire edifici alti come montagne e navi capaci di portarlo nello spazio, mettere insieme macchine intelligenti, sconfiggere molte malattie e cambiare se stesso intervenendo sui geni. A queste visioni ottimistiche (rassicuranti?) del futuro risponde la realtà del nuovo millennio: situazione ecologica planetaria prossima al collasso, panico ad occidente e disperazione a Sud. Vi sono circa 50 guerre in atto nel mondo con milioni di morti quasi tutti civili e colonne di profughi in fuga, nuovi pericoli terroristici e rilancio delle armi atomiche e dell'industria bellica. Ci sembra che tutto questo accada altrove, al di là di uno schermo televisivo; ma se oggi anche i problemi sono globalizzati allora allarmi ed appelli alla giustizia, alla pace ed alla solidarietà sono rivolti ad ogni coscienza. Particolarmente attente dovrebbero essere le menti di politici e scienziati di ogni parte del mondo. Particolarmente sensibili alle tematiche in questione dovrebbero essere le professioni d'aiuto. Dobbiamo chiederci cosa succeda alle vittime del potere di pochi.
“E poi so bene: tutto ciò che si affonda in noi, come un mucchio di pietrame, finché dura la guerra, si ridesterà un giorno a guerra finita, e allora comincerà la resa dei conti, per la vita e per la morte.” (Niente di nuovo sul fronte occidentale, Erich Maria Remarque, 1929).
Nella tradizione rileviamo un'attenzione quasi esclusiva per l’organismo e per le lesioni fisiche dell'uomo colpito dalla violenza. Il passo in avanti 6
consiste nel superare l'attenzione esclusiva al corpo per occuparsi anche delle ferite psichiche, altrettanto gravi e profonde di quelle fisiche.
Se il termine psicologia significa nella sua origine greca "discorso sull'anima" ad indicare la ricerca della conoscenza del comportamento e dell'animo umano, esso indica oggi una disciplina sempre più attenta al suo essere scientifica. Tuttavia non dobbiamo disgiungere la scientificità della ricerca dall'utilità dell'intervento clinico, fine ultimo della professione.
Il lavoro che vado presentando nasce da una riflessione sulla capacità della psicologia di fornire risposte concrete a situazioni complesse ed altrimenti difficili per ogni uomo. Ogni violenza, dai lontani scenari di guerra a quelli domestici di abuso, è un'immane tragedia: la ricerca sul disturbo post-traumatico da stress (PTSD) e gli interessanti e promettenti risultati di tecniche terapeutiche come l'Eyes Movements Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) meritano perciò molta attenzione.
Si ricordi che nel 1987 il primo studio della dott.sa Francine Shapiro, scopritrice di tale metodo, aiutò proprio una vittima della guerra del Vietnam. Questo caso oltre a gettare le basi per le successive ricerche controllate su tale terapia innovativa e a permetterne lo sviluppo, lasciò intravedere una speranza per le molte vittime dei conflitti armati e della violenza.
L’EMDR si presenta come una buona risposta rapida ed efficace, la più efficace secondo alcune valutazioni meta-analitiche, all’insorgenza del PTSD per la risoluzione di eventi non elaborati. Non stiamo parlando di una panacea indistinta per tutti i casi in ogni condizione. Tuttavia le sue caratteristiche di brevità (in circostanze favorevoli), di buoni risultati, di integrazione tra diversi approcci ed il carattere non invasivo, ne fanno un candidato ideale come strumento d’elezione per il PTSD.
7
Dato quindi l’alto potenziale presentato dalla metodica in ambito clinico, la ricerca si pone come assolutamente necessaria e le prove sperimentali come essenziali.
Queste alfine sono le considerazioni da cui muove l’intero percorso sperimentale qui esposto.
Vorrei testimoniare con questo lavoro l’affetto verso i miei genitori. Ringrazio l’equipe che sta conducendo questa ricerca: il relatore prof. Roberto Anchisi, il correlatore prof. Roberto Guzzi, il correlatore dott. Michele Giannantonio e l’Associazione Emdr per l’Italia, specialmente la dott.sa Isabel Fernandez, nonché i valutatori indipendenti.
Ringrazio di cuore tutte le persone a me vicine che mi hanno aiutato, Diego per la correzione delle bozze, il dott. Davide Gerevini perché è un amico e per il suo paziente aiuto.
Non dimenticherò mai Capitan Max, l'imprevedibile Davide e Valentina, le persone più speciali che abbia incontrato durante questo corso di laurea.
In the twenty first century man has the power to shape the earth he wants to build tall buildings like mountains and ships able to carry it into space, putting together intelligent machines, overcome many diseases and change himself by acting on genes. These optimistic views (reassuring?) Of the future meets the reality of the new millennium: global ecological situation close to collapse, panic and despair in the south west there are about 50 wars taking place in the world with millions of dead civilians and almost all columns of refugees fleeing new dangers of terrorism and revival of atomic weapons and war industry. It seems that this happens elsewhere, beyond the television screen, but if the problems today are globalized, then alarms and calls for justice, peace and solidarity are addressed to all consciousness. Should be particularly attentive minds of politicians and scientists all over the world. Particularly sensitive to these themes should be the helping professions. We must ask ourselves what happens to victims of the power of a few. "And then I know: all that sinks in us, like a pile of stones, as long the war lasts, you awaken one day after the war, and then begin the reckoning for the life and death." (All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque, 1929). In tradition we find an almost exclusive to the body and the human suffering personal injury from violence. The sixth step is to overcome the exclusive attention to the body to deal also with psychic wounds, serious and profound as those of individuals. If the word psychology in its Greek origin means "soul talk" to indicate the search for knowledge of the behavior and the human soul, it now shows a discipline increasingly attentive to its being scientific. But we must not separate the scientific research of clinical utility of the intervention, the ultimate goal of the profession. The work that I presented comes from a reflection on the ability of psychology to provide practical answers to complex situations and otherwise difficult for everyone. All violence, far from war scenarios to domestic abuse, is a great tragedy: the research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the interesting and promising results of therapeutic techniques such as desensitization and reprocessing Eyes Movements ( EMDR) deserve so much attention. Remember that in 1987 the first study of dott.sa Francine Shapiro, discoverer of that method, he helped his victim of the Vietnam War. This case as well as lay the groundwork for subsequent research on that check and allow the development of innovative therapy, suggests a hope for many victims of armed conflicts and violence. EMDR is as good a rapid and effective response, the most effective according to some meta-analytic assessments, the occurrence of PTSD for the resolution of events not processed. We're not talking about a vague panacea for all cases in all conditions. However, the characteristics of brevity (under favorable circumstances), good results of integration between different non-invasive approaches and make it an ideal candidate as a tool of choice for PTSD. 7 Since then the high potential of the method presented in the clinical setting, the research is absolutely necessary and the tests as essential. These are the considerations which finally moves the entire experimental process outlined here. I would witness this job affection to my parents. I thank the team that is conducting this research: the advisor prof. Roberto Anchises, the co-professor. Roberto Guzzi, the co-Dr. Michael Giannantonio EMDR and the Association for Italy, especially dott.sa Isabel Fernandez, as well as independent evaluators. I warmly thank all the people close to me who helped me, Diego for proofreading, Dr. David Gerevini because he is a friend and for his patient help. I will never forget Captain Max, David and Valentina unpredictable, the most special people I have met during this course.
Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD SPR Treatment Efficacy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. Lazzari, D. (2008, Novembre). L'EMDR in ottica PNEI (interazione corpo-mente) [EMDR in optical PNEI (interaction body-mind)]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In questi anni l’EMDR si è affermata come trattamento di evidenza nel più classico e più grave dei disturbi direttamente legati allo stress, cioè il PTSD (Bisson & Andrew, 2007) e sono stati evidenziati i suoi effetti sul SNC. Nonostante questo ed il suo progressivo impiego in una ampia varietà di situazioni sono ancora poche le riflessioni sull’EMDR dal punto di vista dell’integrazione mente-corpo, in particolare utilizzando i dati offerti dal campo di ricerca della PNEI. Nel presente lavoro ci soffermeremo su alcuni di questi aspetti per evidenziare come l’EMDR rappresenta una delle terapie più rispondenti alle nuove evidenze scientifiche ed alle esigenze di una scienza integrata della salute.
Tre gli elementi salienti offerti dalla ricerca:
1. La vita ha plasmato nel percorso evolutivo strutture altamente integrate, descrivibili come sistemi complessi a rete in retroazione continua con il contesto. In particolare i sistemi nervoso, endocrino ed immunitario costituiscono nel network psicocorporeo un “super-sistema” di relazione e regolazione in grado di assicurare gli equilibri adattativi incorporando l’esperienza e gestendo la dinamica mantenimento-cambiamento (“regolazione allostatica”). Quindi l’organismo non è una macchina fatta di parti autonome tra loro assemblate, ma una realtà che parte dall’unità (zigote) e mantiene tale carattere unitario in tutte le sue articolazioni.
2. Lo stress non è qualcosa di per sé eccezionale e patologico, deve invece essere visto – all’opposto – come l’espressione di un insieme di processi (un sistema) che modulano la regolazione individuo-contesto a fini adattativi. In sostanza il sistema dello stress è sempre attivo e solo in situazioni di eccesso o di carenza (acute o croniche) produce effetti progressivamente dannosi per l’individuo. Le attività legate allo stress producono un “carico allostatico” (peso biologico, energetico) che – in relazione a fattori soggettivi ed esterni – può divenire “sovraccarico” innescando una catena di successive alterazioni nel funzionamento dell’organismo. Parallelamente vi è un “carico” ed un “sovraccarico psicologico” legati al primo da processi circolari.
3. Nel network corporeo e nel sistema dello stress, ovvero nei processi di regolazione generale interni e individuo-contesto, la mente svolge un ruolo cruciale di modulazione come dimensione nella quale i segnali (interni ed esterni) vengono trasformati in informazioni (assegnazione di significati) in base ai percorsi ed alle esigenze individuali di adattamento. La mente rappresenta così la più alta espressione dell’evoluzione della vita e delle sue strategie adattative e ciò spiega il suo ruolo rispetto al funzionamento complessivo dell’organismo. Le recenti acquisizioni delle neuroscienze hanno mostrato l’interdipendenza tra attività psichica, espressione genica e plasticità cerebrale che rende possibile il ruolo della mente.
Il sovraccarico allostatico e psicologico legati allo stress dipendono in gran parte dall’attività mentale e costituiscono il principale fattore di rischio per la salute nelle società occidentali, antecedenti accertati delle patologie più diffuse. Se guardiamo a quanto detto sinora nell’ottica dello sviluppo individuale (fase intrauterina, processi di attaccamento, eventi significativi successivi) possiamo avere una idea di come mente, corpo e contesto interagiscono nella strutturazione dell’individuo ed il ruolo condizionante e de-strutturante delle situazioni e degli eventi che provocano una alterazione da stress. Le ricerche sul rapporto tra stress e sviluppo psicobiologico, tra modalità di attaccamento, strutturazione dei circuiti cerebrali, o tra queste e salute, confermano tali assunti (Lazzari, 2007). Venendo più da vicino all’EMDR, gli studi sulla psicobiologica del PTSD stanno mostrando che siamo di fronte sostanzialmente ad una manifestazione (particolarmente complessa ed accentuata) degli effetti dello stress sul network psicocorporeo (Iribarren et al., 2005). La ricerca sul PTSD (e gli altri disturbi da stress del DSM) deve incrociare necessariamente i filoni di studio sopra richiamati ed utilizzare la cornice concettuale che ne scaturisce.
Gli effetti psicobiologici dello stress estremo e del trauma vanno inquadrati nell’ambito delle
interazioni mente-corpo e della regolazione allostatica (carico vs sovraccarico allostatico).
A nostro avviso, al di là degli specifici effetti sul SNC, l’EMDR si è mostrata efficace nel PTSD in relazione alla sua caratteristica generale di ricercare ed utilizzare come “target” non singoli aspetti di una esperienza, bensì l’esperienza nei suoi diversi aspetti: cognitivi, emotivi, fisiologici e relazionali.
Il lavoro dell’EMR va a recuperare una integrazione perduta e lavora su questa.
Si deve tenere presente infatti che, in via generale e preminente, lo stress compromette i livelli di integrazione, coerenza e flessibilità del sistema: lo stress cronico per processi progressivi di disregolazione, quello acuto per “rotture”, blocchi e sconnessioni. Pertanto l’elaborazione dell’informazione (e delle conseguenze) legata ad eventi e situazioni stressanti passa attraverso una re-integrazione di tutti gli aspetti psicobiologici correlati per giungere ad una ristrutturazione.
Il livello di “penetrazione” (efficacia) di un approccio terapeutico è molto legato alla sua omogeneità con la realtà su cui interviene,cioè al fatto di parlare lo stesso linguaggio.
E questo è un punto di forza notevole per l’EMDR.
I dati disponibili sono coerenti con quanto enunciato: l’EMDR modifica i parametri fisiologici riducendo ed annullando l’attivazione da stress, spostando la bilancia dall’inibizione simpatica all’attivazione parasimpatica (Sack et al. 2007) e risulta associata l’abbassamento dell’arousal fisiologico, cioè con pattern di attività regolari e trofiche (Sack et al. 2008), mostrando similarità con quanto accade durante il sonno REM (Elofsson et al., 2008).
L’EMDR incide altresì su disturbi fisici legati al sistema dello stress, come ad esempio hanno mostrato ricerche su patologie dermatologiche (Gupta, 2002).
In recent years, EMDR has established itself as the treatment of evidence in the most classical and most serious of disorders directly related to stress, that is, PTSD (Bisson & Andrew, 2007) and were highlighted its effects on the CNS. Despite this and its progressive use in a wide variety of situations are still few reflections from the perspective sull'EMDR mind-body integration, in particular using data provided by the search of PNEI. In this work we will focus on some of these issues to highlight how EMDR is one of the therapies are more responsive to new scientific evidence and the needs of an integrated science of health. Three main elements of research are: 1. Life has shaped the evolutionary highly integrated structures, we describe how systems
complex feedback network continues with the context. In particular, the nervous, endocrine immune network and provide psycho in a "super-system" of relationship and adjustment
able to ensure the balance incorporating adaptive expertise and managing the dynamic maintenance-change ( "regulation allostatica"). Then the body is a machine made of autonomous parts, assembled together, but a reality that leaves the unit (zygote) and maintains that unitary in all its joints. 2. Stress is not something in itself exceptional and pathological, but must be seen - in contrast -- as the expression of a set of processes (a system) that modulate the individual-regulation framework for adaptive. In essence, the system of stress is always on and only in situations of excess or deficiency (acute or chronic) effects progressively damaging to the individual. The Stress-related activity produces a "load allostatico" (weight biological energy) that --
relation to subjective factors and external - can become "overloaded" by triggering a chain of subsequent alterations in the functioning of the organism. In parallel there is a "load" and a
"Overload psychological" processes related to the first round. 3. In the network system and body of stress, or in the process of setting general internal and individual-context, the mind plays a crucial role as a dimension of modulation in which signals (internal and external) are transformed into information (assigning meanings) depending on the paths and individual needs of adaptation. The mind is so the highest expression of the evolution of life and its adaptive strategies, which explains its role in relation to the overall functioning of the organism. The recent acquisitions of
neuroscience have shown the interdependence of psychic activity, gene expression and plasticity brain that makes the role of the mind. Overload allostatico and psychological stress-related depend in large part by activism mental and constitute the main risk factor for health in Western societies, antecedents established disease spreading. If we look to the foregoing view of personal development (stage intrauterine attachment process, significant events later) we can have an idea of how mind, body and environment interact in the structuring the individual and the role conditioning and de-structuring of situations and events that cause an alteration by stress. Research on the relationship between stress and psychobiological development, including mode of attachment, structure of brain circuits, or between them and health, confirmation of these given (Lazzari, 2007). Coming closer all'EMDR, psychobiological studies of PTSD are showing that we are dealing essentially an event (especially complex and pronounced) the effects of stress on the network psycho (Iribarren et al., 2005). Research on PTSD (and other stress disorders DSM) must necessarily cross the strands study mentioned above and use the conceptual framework that arises. Psychobiological effects of extreme stress and trauma should be classified within mind-body interactions and regulation allostatica (load vs. overload allostatico). In our view, beyond the specific effects on the CNS, EMDR has been shown effective in PTSD in connection with his characteristic broad research and use as a "target" rather than individual aspects of an experience, but experience in its different aspects: cognitive, emotional, physiological and relational. Work dell'EMR goes to retrieve a lost and working on this integration. It should be remembered that, in general, and prominent, stress affects the levels of integration, consistency and flexibility of the system: chronic stress for progressive process of dysregulation, the acute "broken", blocks and disconnections. Therefore processing information (and consequences) related to events and stressful situations through a re-integration of all aspects related to psychobiological reach a restructuring. The level of "penetration" (effectiveness) of a therapeutic approach is very attached to his homogeneity with the reality on which it operates, namely the fact of speaking the same language. And this is a great asset for EMDR. The available data are consistent with the statement: EMDR change physiological parameters reducing and canceling the activation by stress, shifting the balance from the inhibition nice parasympathetic activation (Sack et al. 2007) and is associated with lowering dell'arousal physiological, ie regular patterns of activity and trophic (Sack et al. 2008), showing similarities with what happens during REM sleep (Elofsson et al., 2008).
EMDR also impacts on physical ailments related to the system of stress, such as have Show searches on dermatological (Gupta, 2002).
Keywords: Body-Mind Interaction PNEI
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Bruno, T. (2006, Maggio). Le emozioni dei terapeuti nel lavoro con persone vittime di traumi interpersonali [The emotions of therapists working with victims of interpersonal trauma]. Presentazione alla Conferenza Nazionale, Associazione per l'EMDR in Italia, Firenza, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Quando ascoltiamo storie di devastazione, terrore, impotenza e di tradimento della fiducia, come naturale conseguenza, le nostre sicurezze più profonde possono essere messe in crisi. Applicando l’EMDR, a volte, possiamo essere messi di fronte alla “realtà del trauma” inaspettatamente, senza parole: il/la paziente “torna là” rivive l’esperienza col corpo e noi assistiamo e “viviamo il suo trauma”. Le emozioni (paura, schifo, terrore, rabbia, senso di paralisi ecc.) possono irrompere nello spazio sicuro della stanza di terapia e sfidare il nostro senso di “invulnerabilità” e prevedibilità. Rispetto all’impatto del materiale traumatico sul terapeuta quando si trova come testimone di eventi terribili e delle loro conseguenze ci possono essere risposte quali senso di paralisi, paura, desideri sadici e di vendetta, fino a “violazioni del setting”. Nel lavoro sul trauma possiamo agire in un continuum che va da risposte di evitamento con sentimenti di rifiuto e rabbia verso risposte di iper identificazione con la vittima. Esiste un rapporto circolare fra aspetti controtransferali e traumatizzazione secondaria negli operatori. Possono emergere problemi esistenziali e spirituali, sentimenti aggressivi e di giudizio, orrore, rabbia, senso di vulnerabilità, dolore-pena e sintomi classici del Disturbo da Stress Post Traumatico. La conoscenza, la consapevolezza e la gestione di questo processo all’interno della relazione terapeutica è fondante rispetto alla riparazione del danno nelle vittime e alla salute mentale dei terapeuti. Nel corso della presentazione ci sarà una focalizzazione sugli aspetti del ciclo del controtranfert e della traumatizzazione secondaria nel terapeuta e si forniranno elementi di protezione per i terapeuti.
When we hear stories of devastation, terror, helplessness and betrayal of trust, as a natural result, our securities may be made deeper into crisis. Applying EMDR, sometimes, we may be confronted with the "reality of trauma" unexpectedly, without words, it/the patient "back there" relive the experience with the body and we are seeing and "live her trauma." Emotions (fear, disgust, fear, anger, sense of paralysis, etc.) can break into the safe space of the therapy room and challenge our sense of "invulnerability" and predictability. Compared to the impact of traumatic material when the therapist is as a witness to terrible events and their consequences there may be responses such as sense of paralysis, fear, desires and sadistic revenge, to "violations of the setting." In work on trauma, we can act on a continuum ranging from avoidance responses with feelings of rejection and anger responses of hyper identification with the victim. There is a circular relationship between trauma and countertransference issues in the secondary players. Existential and spiritual problems can arise, aggressive feelings and judgments, horror, anger, sense of vulnerability, pain and pain-classic symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Knowledge, awareness and management of this process within the relationship Therapeutic compliance is fundamental to repairing the damage in the victims and mental health therapists. During the presentation there will be a focus on aspects of the cycle controtranfert and secondary traumatization in the therapist and will give protection elements for therapists.
Keywords: Interpersonal Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Tofani, L. R. (2006, March). Le famiglie cosiddette multiproblematiche. Trauma e intervento integrato con EMDR [The so-called multiproblematic family. Trauma and intervention integrated with EMDR]. Terapia Familiare, 80, 35-59.
Language: Italian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Famiglie multiproblematiche sono un obiettivo difficile per qualsiasi approccio terapeutico a causa della rilevanza delle esperienze traumatiche per tutti i membri della famiglia. Essi vengono sostituiti con maltrattamenti, uso di sostanze o altri comportamenti illeciti, abusi sessuali e il problema principale è quello di superare i danni di attaccamento disorganizzato e per interrompere il ciclo della violenza psicosociale e trascuratezza. Nell'esempio riportato, terapia familiare sistemi indirizzata alla realtà ecologica di queste famiglie è stato integrato con EMDR, un approccio metodologico specifico per traumi, e questo ha rafforzato i risultati attesi solo con la terapia familiare. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, tutti i diritti riservati)
Multiproblem families are a difficult target for any therapeutic approach because of the high relevance of traumatic experiences for all family members. They are overridden with maltreatment, substance use or other illegal behavior, sexual abuse and the main problem is to overcome damage from disorganized attachment and to interrupt the cycle of psychosocial violence and child neglect. In the example reported, family systems therapy addressed to the ecological reality of these families has been integrated with EMDR, a methodological approach specific for trauma, and this has strengthened the expected outcome using only family therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Family Members Family Therapy Family Integrated Services Intervention Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. Barrett, S. (2003, July 10). Mental help: Procedures to avoid. Quackwatch. Retrieved from http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mentserv.html 6/7/2007.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Many types of practitioners who profess to treat mental problems are engaged in
questionable practices. The following procedures should be avoided.
Keywords: AIT Auditory Integration Training Doman-Delacato Treatment Facilitated Communication Neural Organization Technique Neuro Emotional Technique NET Neurolinguistic Programming Neurotherapy NLP NOT Optometric Visual Training Past-Life Therapy Routine Personality Testing Stimulation of False Memories Skeptics TFT Thought Field Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Alto, C. (2001, November). Meta-analysis of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing efficacy studies in the treatment of PTSD. Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ. AAT 3015591.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new psychological therapy used in the treatment of PTSD and other disorders. EMDR is unique in that it combines sets of therapist-administered eye movements in conjunction with protocol-driven cognitive and affective processing related to past trauma. EMDR has become a controversial technique for reasons including a lack of explanation for why it works and stunning claims made for its efficacy in the literature. Despite a large amount of research over the past decade, EMDR has not before been studied meta-analytically in its own right.The present investigation used meta-analysis to examine the collection of EMDR PTSD studies available in the literature. The literature search resulted in a total of 21 studies, which met inclusion criteria. These primary studies in turn resulted in a collection of 118 effect sizes included in the analysis. Two separate analyses were conducted dependent on whether EMDR was compared to a no treatment control group or an alternative treatment control group. In addition to an overall estimate of the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD represented through an effect size, five sub-hypotheses were investigated. First, it was hypothesized that RMDR would be more efficacious with a non-combat population than with combat-related PTSD. The second sub-hypothesis was that there would be significantly larger treatment effects associated with verbal report measures than with physiological outcome measures used in EMDR PTSD studies. Third, it was hypothesized that earlier EMDR studies would show larger treatment effects than more recent EMDR studies. The fourth sub-hypothesis concerned treatment dosage. It was hypothesized that there would not be significant differences based on the number of treatment sessions administered. Finally, it was hypothesized that the bilateral stimulation component of EMDR therapy would not contribute significantly to treatment effects. The analysis consisted of generating effect sizes in the form of standardized difference scores on the various outcome measures. Effect sizes were then grouped according to independent variable categories and averaged together. Before testing for between-group differences, homogeneity testing was completed. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 62(5-B), Nov 2001, pp. 2474.
Keywords: Empirical Study Meta Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Zimmerman, J. (2004, September). Muscle testing and EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will detail the application of muscle testing in the treatment of physical and psychological problems. The test itself is simple and rapid, and participants will learn how to muscle test. A case example will illustrate the use of muscle testing within an EMDR session; for example, to identify the best target or to select the NC or, if in fact, EMDR is the best treatment for a client's problem, so attendees can utilize this technique in their EMDR practices immediately.
Keywords: Kinesiology Muscle Testing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. Uram, S. (2008, June). The neurobiology of adult and childhod trauma made simple: What every EMDR clinician should know. Presentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop presents three related and integrated themes: I. - The neurobiology of trauma made simple, yet highly “usable” for clinical formulation. A. How trauma is defined by our culture and DSM-IV, versus the reality of how each human brain individually “defines” trauma. Organized and logical presentation of clinically relevant brain parts/circuits and how they process, or don’t adequately process traumatic experiences; the differing length of time the effects of trauma may manifest from these parts; the masking and masquerading of earlier traumas by the prefrontal cortex, etc. Which brain parts/circuits “trump” one another, and how this shows up in symptoms, in our personalities or in our relationships. II. - Child/Adolescent/Adult stages of human brain development made simple, but geared for clinical understanding and EMDR treatment planning. Childhood through young adulthood brain development generally mature along a sequence; Bottom to Top, and Inner to Outer .The brain areas that become more active as 31 children mature “show up” as increasing or decreasing behaviours, levels of thinking abilities, levels of emotional and mood development/stability, relational abilities, decreased dominance of certain other brain parts, etc.. Symptoms frequently reflect how each person’s level of brain maturation “filters” life experience at a given time. III. - Trauma neurobiology + different stages of brain development = potentially very different EMDR formulations, negative cognitions, etc. How the child and adult brain can identify “danger”, and therefore, “trauma” similarly, or very differently. How trauma is “understood” in the adult brain and the child brain. How and why “danger” or “traumas” are perceived, processed and present differently in children and adults
Keywords: Neurobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. Uram, S. (2009, August). The neurobiology of trauma made simple . Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop is presented in a manner that is highly “usable” for diagnostic and treatment formulation. Some of the areas that will be covered include: 1) How trauma is defined by our culture and DSM-IV, versus the reality of how each human brain individually “defines”, experiences and reflects trauma; 2) An understandable presentation of clinically relevant brain parts/circuits and how they adequately do or do not process traumatic experiences; the differing length of time the effects of trauma may manifest from these parts; the masking and masquerading of earlier traumas by the prefrontal cortex, etc., 3) How the developing brain of a human being determines how perceived trauma are integrated into the person’s personality and functioning.
Keywords: Neurobiology Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. Pagani, M. (2011, June). Neuroimaging and novel neurobiological findings in EMDR research [Neuroimaging und neuartige neurobiologische erkenntnisse in der EMDR forschung]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In the recent years the number of neuroimaging studies evaluating neural correlates of psychotherapy has steadily increased revealing its clear neurobiological effects on brain function across a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Functional studies by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) detect changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism patterns, identifying the brain areas processing the various components of emotional processing and/or affected by the disorders. Investigations by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have also revealed psychiatry disease-related structural changes.
The first part of the workshop (20 minutes) will describe the neuroimaging methodologies and findings in PTSD/EMDR research with and extensive review of previous literature on the neurobiological effects of EMDR. The second part of the workshop (20 minutes) will deal with the description and implementation in research and clinic of neuropsychological testing with brief comments and discussion about their use in the recent experiments performed by our group. In the third part the EEG monitoring of a complete set of EMDR therapies in 10 patients suffering of major trauma will be presented. The relative results are the first report ever on the neurobiological changes occurring before, during and after EMDR therapy sheding light on the neuronal processes underlying its clinical efficacy.
Learning objectives:
The description and the discussion about the contents of the workshop will provide the audience (1) the necessary information to understand the methodological principles behind the neuroimaging techniques (PET, SPECT and MRI) and their possible applications in research and clinic; (2) the critical knowledge of the limited number of published papers in the field of EMDR-related functional and anatomical studies; (3) the basic research principles and examples to be motivated to begin, take part and/or collaborate to EMDR research in order to better understand the neural basis of this fascinating psychotherapeutic technique.
Keywords: Neurobiology Neuroimaging
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Rothbaum, B. O. (2002, August). New treatments for PTSD: Virtual reality and EMDR. Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, ILL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Virtual Reality
Accuracy Verified: Yes
60. Kennedy, K. (2009, December 9). No quick fix- Second hospital stay helps PTSD patient more than the first did. Army Times. Retrieved from http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/12/web_military_ptsd3_120709/ on 12/10/2009.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Third in a series.
First, she used EMDR, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, an evidence-based therapy, to try to deal with his trauma.
With EMDR, she waves her hand back and forth in front of her patient while asking the patient to think about an event and to follow her fingers with his eyes. She then checks in with the patient occasionally to see how he’s doing and to make sure he does not sink too far into the trauma.
An important part of EMDR, she said, is keeping one foot grounded in reality while touching the edges of the trauma. The hand movement helps the brain process the trauma in both the left and right hemispheres.
“You essentially take the stuck memory and put it in narrative form,” she said. “EMDR allows the brain to work through all the things it needs to work through.”
Keywords: Military Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. Dale, S. (2012, April). One in ten: Treating needle phobias with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canda, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
One in ten people has a needle phobia. This condition can be disabling for people whose inordinate fear of needles can keep them from accessing medical testing and treatment. In this presentation, needle phobia are defined and the types explained, including vaso-vagal, associative, resistive, and hyperalgesic. The EMDR Protocol for Phobias is outlined, and research on using EMDR with needle phobia is reviewed. Case studies are presented in which clients with different types and degrees of needle phobia are treated. Discussions on challenges working with this client group are presented, and cognitive interweaves specific to needle phobia are introduced.
Learning Objectives:
1. Examine the definition and prevalence of phobias
2. Identify the types and prevalence of needle phobia
3. Outline the psychological and physical impact of needle phobia
4. Discuss the EMDR Protocol for Phobias
5. Explore how EMDR can be used to treat needle phobia
Keywords: Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. Forgash, C. (2009). Orienting the ego state system to present reality (OPR). In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 225-231). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Keywords: Ego State Present Reality Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. Staff. (2000). Phobia: When an irrational fear takes control. Films for the Humanities & Sciences, Princeton, NJ.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
For a person with a phobia, overcoming the fear--or at least learning how to resist its debilitating effects--can open the door to a fuller, freer life. This riveting two-part series uses MRI scans, body imaging, EEG tracing, and thermal photography to take an unflinching look at the biological and psychological mechanics of terror, as courageous patients seek to master their fears through medication, behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, desensitization, virtual reality exposure therapy, the controversial technique of flooding, and a new treatment called EMDR.
Keywords: Fear Phobias Psychosocial Factors Treatment
Accuracy Verified: No
64. Bondy, N., & Cable, S. (2001). Phobias. Princeton, N.J.: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract: (Producer) In this program, the treatment of John's claustrophobia, Judith's fear of flying and David's fear of heights-phobias described by the DSM-IV as Situational Type and Natural Environmental Type-are documented. Groundbreaking applications of virtual reality, by Emory University's Barbara Rothbaum, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, by clinical psychologist Carl Nickeson, are profiled. The research of Jeffrey Gray, of the Institute of Psychiatry (London), into blood flow in the brain during moments of stress, panic, and terror is also examined.
Keywords: Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Schnyder, U., Gersons, B., Wittmann, L., Nijdam, M., Maercker, A., Mueller, J., & Olff, M. (2008, November). Posttraumatic growth and PTSD symptoms in response to brief eclectic psychotherapy and EMDR. In Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD: New evidence. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD:
New evidence: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy (BEP) is a multimodal treatment for
PTSD comprising five essentials: psychoeducation; imaginal
exposure; writing assignments and mementos; domain of meaning
and integration; and a farewell ritual. This symposium presents
findings from two recent randomized controlled trials testing BEP
versus a minimal attention control group, and versus EMDR.
Posttraumatic growth and PTSD symptoms in response to brief eclectic psychotherapy and EMDR: How posttraumatic growth is related to posttraumatic stress
pathology is a matter of ongoing debate. Examining these
reactions in response to trauma-focused psychotherapy can help
us gain more insight into these phenomena. In this paper,
preliminary results are presented from a randomized controlled
trial comparing Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy (BEP; n = 70) and Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR; n =
70). Participants were outpatients who had a diagnosis of PTSD
following various kinds of type I trauma. The measures we applied
to assess pre-post differences were SI-PTSD, SCID-I/P, IES-R, and
PTGI. Preliminary analyses indicate a significant increase in
posttraumatic growth and a significant decrease in PTSD
symptomatology for both treatment conditions. Relationships
between these variables and differences between treatment
conditions are discussed.
Keywords: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy New Evidence Posttraumatic Growth PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. Cornil, C. (2012, June). The power of now in EMDR [El poder del ahora en EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This
presentation
will
be
a
theoretical,
philosophical
approach
to
the
concept
of
time
as
utilized
in
EMDR.
From
the
very
beginning
the
concept
of
time
plays
a
major
role
in
the
EMDR
approach.
At
the
basis
of
the
AIP
model
lays
the
idea
of
memory
networks
frozen
in
time
(Shapiro
1995).
The
information
is
dysfunctionally
stored
in
the
frozen
now
and
can
be
triggered
at
any
moment.
In
EMDR
we
all
struggle
with
the
now
of
the
negative
cognition.
Patients
do
not
understand
and
get
confused
when
therapists
ask
about
beliefs
they
have
about
themselves
now
as
they
think
about
the
past.
In
trainings
it
is
announced
as
the
most
difficult
part
of
the
EMDR
protocol.
But
it
is
an
essential
part.
The
now
is
what
is
happening
right
at
this
moment.
There
is
no
past,
only
the
present
perception
of
the
past.
As
there
is
no
future,
only
the
present
perception
of
possibilities.
The
present
is
what
one
identifies
with.
When
one
sees,
one
believes:
what
is
experienced
at
a
certain
moment
becomes
the
felt
reality
in
the
now.
When
the
patient
is
triggered
into
the
perception
of
the
child,
she
becomes
the
child
and
time
shifts.
The
point
this
workshop
wants
to
make
is
that
change
comes
about
as
the
patient
stops
identifying
with
the
past
thus
making
it
the
now,
but
instead
is
invited
by
the
therapist
to
let
things
happen
and
to
notice
what
moves.
For
time
to
exist
movement
is
needed:
the
hands
of
the
clock,
the
sun
in
the
sky,
the
wrinkling
of
the
skin
all
indicate
time.
Instead
of
trying
to
keep
at
a
distance
painful
information
which
exists
in
an
eternal
now
without
movement,
the
client
is
invited
just
to
observe
the
movement
that
can
come
about
by
taking
the
position
of
double
attention:
one
leg
in
real
time
and
one
leg
in
no
time.
We
will
explore
links
with
the
process
of
mindfulness.
Este
taller
presentará
un
planteamiento
teórico
y
filosófico
al
concepto
del
tiempo
tal
como
se
usa
en
EMDR.
Desde
el
mismo
comienzo,
el
concepto
del
tiempo
ejerce
una
función
fundamental
en
el
planteamiento
de
EMDR.
La
idea
de
redes
de
recuerdos
congelados
en
el
tiempo
se
encuentra
en
los
cimientos
del
modelo
AIP
(Shapiro,
1995).
La
información
se
almacena
de
forma
disfuncional
en
el
ahora
congelado
y
que
puede
“dispararse”
en
cualquier
momento.
En
EMDR,
todos
luchamos
contra
el
ahora
de
la
cognición
negativa.
Los
pacientes
no
entienden
y
se
confunden
cuando
el
terapeuta
pregunta
por
las
creencias
que
tienen
respecto
a
sí
mismos
ahora
cuando
piensan
acerca
del
pasado.
En
las
formaciones,
se
presenta
como
el
elemento
más
difícil
del
protocolo
de
EMDR.
No
obstante,
supone
un
elemento
esencial.
El
ahora
es
lo
que
ocurre
en
este
preciso
momento.
No
existe
el
pasado,
únicamente
la
percepción
presente
del
pasado,
al
igual
que
no
hay
futuro,
solamente
la
percepción
presente
de
posibilidades.
El
presente
es
aquello
con
lo
que
uno
se
identifica.
Cuando
se
ve,
se
cree:
aquello
que
se
vive
en
un
momento
dado
se
convierte
en
la
realidad
experimentada
en
el
ahora.
Cuando
al
paciente
se
le
dispara
hacia
la
percepción
de
la
niña,
se
convierte
en
la
niña
y
el
tiempo
cambia.
Lo
que
pretende
dejar
claro
este
taller
es
que
el
cambio
se
produce
a
medida
que
el
paciente
deja
de
identificarse
con
el
pasado,
lo
que
lo
convierte
en
el
ahora,
sino
de
la
mano
del
terapeuta,
permite
que
las
cosas
ocurran
y
se
fija
en
lo
que
se
mueve.
Para
que
exista
el
tiempo,
es
necesario
el
movimiento:
las
manecillas
del
reloj,
el
sol
en
el
cielo,
el
arrugar
de
la
piel,
todo
indica
tiempo.
En
lugar
de
intentar
mantener
distante
la
información
dolorosa
que
existe
en
un
ahora
externo
sin
movimiento,
se
le
invita
al
cliente
a
simplemente
observar
el
movimiento
que
se
puede
producir
al
adoptar
la
postura
de
la
atención
escindida:
con
una
pierna
en
el
tiempo
real
y
una
en
la
intemporalidad.
Exploraremos
las
relaciones
con
el
proceso
de
“mindfulness”
(conciencia
plena).
Keywords: Power of Now
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Rosen, G., Lohr, J., McNally, R. J., & Herbert, J. D. (1998, April). Power therapies, miraculous claims, and the cures that fail. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26(2), 99-101.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Recent "Power Therapies" claim near miraculous cures but fare less well under controlled testing. These developments recall for cognitive behavior therapists the history of past "cures" that temporarily induced high levels of expectancies, but failed the test of time. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Commentary Placebo Postraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors TFT Thought Field Therapy TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Rosen, G., Lohr, J., McNally, R. J., & Herbert, J. D. (2000). Power therapies, miraculous claims, and the cures that fail. In M. J. Scott & S. Palmer (Eds.), Trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (pp. 134-136) New York: Cassell Books.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Recent 'Power Therapies' claim near miraculous cures but fare less well under controlled testing. These developments recall for cognitive behavior therapists the history of past 'cures' that temporarily induced high levels of expectancies, but failed the test of time. [Author Abstract] Originally published as "Power therapies, miraculous claims, and the cures that fail," Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 26: 99-101 (1998) [Pilots]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors TFT Thought Field Therapy TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Lahad, M., Farhi, M., Leykin, D., & Naplansky, N. (2010, November). Preliminary study of a new integrative approach in treating post-traumatic stress disorder: SEE FAR CBT. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37(5), 391-399. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2010.07.003.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
SEE FAR CBT is a suggested new protocol for the treatment of anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using creative form treatment based on empowerment through fantastic reality. The model emphasizes the role of fantastic reality and the use of imaginal re-narration of the traumatic event with the use of cards as a means of externalization or distancing. The treatment protocol incorporates methods of somatic memory reduction as well as CBT elements. The main objective of this study was to introduce the model and test the therapeutic efficacy of this new integrative therapeutic approach by comparing it to a well-established treatment approach; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Adult PTSD patients, divided into EMDR (n = 12) and SEE FAR CBT (n = 9) groups, were assessed for traumatic symptoms at three time intervals (pre-treatment, post-treatment and 1-year follow-up). Both EMDR and SEE FAR CBT were associated with effective alleviation of traumatic symptoms, showing statistically significant decreases in their trauma symptoms over time but not differing in treatment efficacy during any of the assessment times. With some methodological limitations, results suggest further inquiry of the proposed model in clinical and experimental settings.
Keywords: Anxiety Comparative Studies Cognitive Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD SEE FAR CBT Symptoms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. Pearson, H. J. (2009). Present and accounted for: Sensory stimulation and parietal neuroplasticity. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 39-49. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.39.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
There are commonalities between neurologic syndromes arising from lesions of the parietal cortex and psychiatric syndromes secondary to psychological trauma. Additionally some posttraumatic syndromes may reflect functional disruption of parietal areas. Directional or bilateral alternating peripheral sensory stimulation appear to assist in the amelioration of a wide range of clinical conditions, including the neglect syndrome and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. It is posited that the stimulation may exert its effect through activation of parietal higher-order functions. The activation may result in an integration of sensory information and an updating of the current representation of person and space, which incorporates an awareness of current body reality, sense of self, and world view. It is hypothesized that the EMDR procedure is ideally constructed to facilitate parietal activation through multimodal sensory stimulation, attention and episodic memory retrieval and focus on internal and external body, space, and self. Further investigations and an integration of data between disciplines are suggested, in order to expand our range of effective treatments.
Keywords: Neglect Parietal Lobe Plasticity
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Cantelmi, T. (2010, Novembre). Prevalenza, incidenza e diagnosi differenziale dei disturbi da stress post-traumatici in oncologia [Prevalence, incidence and differential diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder in oncology]. Presentazione al "Convegno La psicotraumatologia Oncologica, Roma, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Il PTSD abbraccia una gamma ampia di fenomeni: dagli eventi naturali catastrofici, dalle violenze maltrattamenti ed abusi su bambini ed adulti ad altre forme di aggressioni fisiche, gravi malattie ed interventi chirurgici, gravi problemi nel lavoro, come il mobbing ed altro ancora.
L prevalenza del PTSD oscilla tra l’1 ed il 9% della popolazione generale e può raggiungere il 50/60% in sottogruppi di soggetti esposti a traumi considerati di particolare gravità.. Tra i disturbi mentali conseguenti a traumi solo il PTSD è identificato dall’evento traumatico che in questo disturbo assume un ruolo specifico, tanto che la presenza di uno stressor a cui collegare i sintomi è l’elemento necessario per fare diagnosi. Si discute se lo stesso possa e debba sufficientemente essere rappresentato da un evento che ha le qualità per minacciare alla vita e qualità della vita di un soggetto o se sia identificabile esaurientemente con un vissuto soggettivo di impotenza che cambia l’adattamento della persona alla realtà in modo disfunzionale. Sembra comunque che la malattia oncologica e le sue fasi evolutive nonché i processi di guarigione che implica presentano occasioni ripetute per il paziente oncologico a rischio di traumatizzazione sia a causa delle circostanze oggettive che mettono in pericolo la qualità di vita della persona e la sua vita medesima, sia per le simbolizzazioni drammatiche che a volte essa può assumere nell’immaginario collettivo e soggettivo. Gli studi epidemiologici indicano come il PTSD interessi maggiormente il sesso femminile (11% vs 5% del sesso maschile) sulla cui prevalenza può anche influire il tipo di trauma (violenze e molestie sessuali, neglect ed abusi infantili vs. aggressioni fisiche, minacce con armi prigionia e rapimento negli uomini.
IL PTSD rappresenta una sfida in psichiatria non solo in generale perché i sintomi che emergono sono diversi e sintetizzano una miscela di processi sociali, biologici e psicologici, ma anche soprattutto in oncologia perché esiste una vasta gamma di sintomi dello spettro post-traumatico, come ad esempio i disturbi dell’adattamento, ma si è spesso in presenza di un PTSD sottosoglia difficilmente discriminabile anche agli occhi di esperti preparati.
Così possiamo intendere i disturbi dell’adattamento come tutte quelle manifestazioni in cui, in assenza di vulnerabilità individuale, un evento stressante, ad esempio la diagnosi di cancro ed i trattamenti ad essa legati, rappresenta il fattore causale ed esclusivo di insorgenza dei sintomi, che si presume non sarebbero altrimenti occorsi. Essi influiscono negativamente sull’adattamento del soggetto alla malattia e sul funzionamento psicofisico generale. I sintomi possono essere rappresentati da reazioni depressive, reazioni d’ansia o miste (ansioso-depressive), reazioni con altri aspetti emozionali (irritabilità, aggressività labilità emotiva) o con disturbi della condotta (comportamenti inadeguati). Importante risulta la diagnosi differenziale con i disturbi d’ansia e depressivi. I disturbi dell’adattamento rappresentano i quadri di sofferenza psicologica più frequentemente diagnosticabili nei pazienti con cancro, avendo una prevalenza del 30-35%. I sintomi sottosoglia possono rappresentare invece i prodromi di una sindrome conclamata oppure i sintomi residui di un PTSD in remissione parziale. E’ importante volgere l’attenzione ai PTSD in oncologia, alla diagnosi differenziale con altri tipi di disagi psicooncologici, ed in particolare alla peculiarità, gravità cronicità del quadro clinico per la possibilità di attuare una prevenzione efficace prima che il disturbo insorga o si strutturi, e per le potenzialità di comprensione di alcuni meccanismi di funzionamento cerebrale che creano un ponte fra psicologico e biologico.
The PTSD embraces a wide range of phenomena: from natural catastrophic events, from violence and abuse, ill-treatment of children and adults with other forms of physical assaults, serious illness and surgery, severe problems in the work, such as bullying and more.
The prevalence of PTSD ranges between 1 and 9% of the general population and can reach 50/60% in subgroups of subjects exposed to trauma considered particularly serious .. Among the mental disorders resulting from trauma, PTSD is identified only by the traumatic event that in this disorder takes on a specific role, so that the presence of a stressor that link symptoms is a necessary element to diagnose. It was discussed whether the same can and should be sufficiently represented by an event that has the quality to threaten the life and quality of life of an individual, or whether it is fully identifiable with a subjective experience of powerlessness that changes to adapt to the reality of the person in dysfunctional way. It seems that the oncological disease and its evolutionary phases as well as the healing process that involves repeated opportunities to present the cancer patient at risk of trauma and because of objective circumstances that endanger the quality of life of the person and his life itself , both for the dramatic symbolization that sometimes it can take in the collective and subjective. Epidemiological studies indicate that PTSD interests most of the women (11% vs. 5% of males) on the prevalence of which may also affect the type of trauma (violence and sexual harassment, child abuse and neglect Vs. Physical attacks, threats with weapons imprisonment and kidnapping in men.
IL PTSD represents a challenge in psychiatry not only in general because the symptoms that emerge are different and synthesize a mixture of social processes, biological and psychological, but also especially in oncology because there exists a wide range of symptoms spectrum post-traumatic, such such as adjustment disorders, but it is often in the presence of a subthreshold PTSD hardly discriminated even in the eyes of experts prepared.
So we can understand the adjustment disorders like all those events where, in the absence of individual vulnerability, a stressful event, such as the diagnosis of cancer and the treatments associated with it, is the causal factor and exclusive of onset of symptoms, which it is assumed would not otherwise have occurred. They have a negative impact on the adaptation of the subject to physical and mental illness and the general operation. Symptoms may be represented by depressive reactions, anxiety reactions or mixed (anxious-depressive), reactions with other aspects of emotional (irritability, aggressiveness, emotional lability) or conduct disorder (inappropriate behavior). Important results in the differential diagnosis of anxiety disorders and depression. The adjustment disorders represent the paintings of psychological distress more frequently diagnosed in patients with cancer, having a prevalence of 30-35%. The subthreshold symptoms may instead represent the beginnings of a full-blown syndrome or residual symptoms of PTSD in partial remission. It 'important to turn our attention to PTSD in oncology, the differential diagnosis with other types of inconvenience psicooncologici, and in particular to the peculiarities, chronicity, severity of the clinical picture for the possibility of implementing effective prevention before the disorder arises or is structured, and the potential of understanding of some mechanisms of brain function that create a bridge between psychological and biological.
Keywords: Cancer Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Woodward, C. L. (2001). Processing trauma: studies into posttraumatic stress disorder, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing and posttraumatic growth. University of Warwick.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
While PTSD results in various symptomatology, key characteristics concern a sense of being "stuck" on the trauma which keeps the person reliving it through thoughts, feelings and images and a need to avoid anything which reminds them of the trauma. Such avoidance is suggested to prevent the opportunity for processing and integrating the distressing material. One key clinical question is how to help the person work through their trauma without them becoming overwhelmed by trauma symptoms? Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new technique that has been reported to help PTSD sufferers reduce the intensity and intrusiveness of traumatic thoughts and images. Despite the growing clinical evidence of the effectiveness of EMDR, a strong debate exists within the research literature regarding its empirical and theoretical validity. One aspect of this dissertation is an experimental study looking at the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing and testing a working memory model of "distress reduction". Of course not everyone who experiences a traumatic event will go on to develop PTSD. An often neglected area of trauma investigation is how some individuals experience positive change and personal growth as a result of their traumatic experiences. This is an area that is now beginning to receive some attention and has been termed Posttraumatic Growth (PTG). The move away from looking exclusively at the impact of trauma to consider how people who have experienced trauma might construct a more positive understanding of themselves in the light of the trauma forms the main section of this dissertation. This exploratory study uses personal experience narratives of posttraumatic growth.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Growth Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Gabarra, D. O. (2012, Novembro). A proposição teórica e eficácia do EMDR no tratamento da dor crônica [The theoretical proposition and efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain]. In EMDR e dor crônica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
O presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar os fundamentos de porque o EMDR funciona no tratamento da dor crônica e apresentar os dados de um estudo piloto que será realizado até a data da apresentação. Diante de uma experiência de dor, o cérebro desenvolve uma rede associativa de memória que pode ficar congelada devido à intensidade e/ou persistência da dor. Aspectos psicológicos associados ao evento disparador ou possíveis ganhos secundários também podem fortalecer o congelamento dessas redes associativas (Grant 2002). Dessa forma, a dor crônica, mesmo que justificada por uma questão física, vem associada à memória da dor que é expressa em sensações corporais. Entendendo que o EMDR trata o trauma psicológico por descongelar e resignificar os eventos passados por meio da reconexão dessas redes associativas com as redes de recursos psíquicos do sujeito, podemos entender que o reprocessamento da rede associativa da dor irá reorganizar essa memória de forma a desconstruir a memória da dor enquanto uma sensação corporal presente (Schneider et al 2008). O Estudo piloto será composto por 4 sujeitos adultos que desenvolveram dor crônica a partir de um trauma físico. Os sujeitos serão submetidos a uma entrevista de linha de base com os seguintes instrumentos traduzidos: MINI (Amorim 2000), Short-Form McGill Melzack Pain Questionnaire (Schneider 2008 e Melzack 1987), Impact of Event Scale (Schneider 2008) e Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised (Estergard 2008); além do registro das medicações utilizadas. Essa avaliação será realizada em 3 momentos distintos. No início do estudo; após três meses sem intervenção adicional além do tratamento que o sujeito estava previamente submetido e após a intervenção do estudo de um processo de psicoterapia breve de 12 sessões com EMDR fundamentada no Protocolo de Dor (Mark Grant 1998/2009). As diferenças entre a primeira e segunda testagem serão comparadas com a diferença entre a segunda e terceira testagem para verificar a eficácia do tratamento. Espera-se obter uma diferença significativa para fortalecer a tese da eficácia do EMDR nesse tipo de tratamento assim como demonstra a literatura levantada (Bisson et all 2007, Estergard 2008, Friedberg 2004, Grant 2002 e 2009, Schneider et all 2008 e Shapiro 2002).
The present study aims to present the fundamentals of why EMDR works in treating chronic pain and present data from a pilot study that will be held until the date of the presentation. Faced with an experience of pain, the brain develops a network of associative memory that can be frozen due to the intensity and / or persistence of pain. Psychological aspects associated with the event trigger or possible secondary gains can also strengthen the freezing of these associative networks (Grant 2002). Thus, chronic pain, even if justified by a physical issue, comes the pain associated with memory that is expressed in bodily sensations. Understanding the psychological trauma EMDR treats for thawing and reframe past events through the reconnection of these associative networks with the networks of psychological resources of the subject, we can understand that the reprocessing of pain associative network will rearrange this memory in order to deconstruct the memory of pain as a bodily sensation present (Schneider et al 2008). The pilot study will consist of four adult subjects who developed chronic pain from physical trauma. The subjects will undergo a baseline interview with the following instruments translated: MINI (Amorim 2000), Short-Form McGill Melzack Pain Questionnaire (Melzack 2008 and Schneider 1987), Impact of Event Scale (Schneider 2008) and the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised (Estergard 2008); beyond the record of the medications used. This evaluation will be conducted in three distinct moments. At baseline and after three months without further intervention beyond treatment that the subject was previously submitted to and after intervention study of a process of brief psychotherapy of 12 sessions with EMDR based on the Pain Protocol (Mark Grant 1998/2009). The differences between the first and second test are compared with the difference between the second and third testing to verify the effectiveness of the treatment. It is expected to obtain a difference significant strengthening the argument of effectiveness of EMDR this type of treatment as well as the literature demonstrates raised (Bisson et all 2007, 2008 Estergard, Friedberg 2004, 2002 and 2009 Grant, Schneider et al 2008 and Shapiro 2002) .
Keywords: Chronic Pain Effectiveness of Treatment Theoretical Hypothesis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. Schottenbauer, M. A., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C. R., & Gray, S. H. (2006). Psychotherapists in the community: Reported prototypical psychodynamic treatments of trauma. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 54(4), 1347-1353. doi:doi:10.1177/00030651060540040111.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The effort to categorize psychotherapeutic treatments according to their efficacy has in the past decade led to a number of lists of empirically supported treatments (ESTs; Chambless and Ollendick 2001). With regard to trauma, the primary treatments that have undergone the rigorous empirical testing necessary to be included in lists of ESTs (e.g., Nathan and Gorman 1998; Roth and Fonagy 2005) are largely cognitive—behavioral treatments and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro 1995). Nevertheless, there are many indications that clinicians in the community use psychodynamic psychotherapy for treating trauma. A recent guideline for psychiatrists on the treatment of PTSD notes clinical consensus on the usefulness of psychodynamic psychotherapy in treating certain types of trauma, particularly in cases where interpersonal functioning is substantially impacted (APA 2004). Empirical research reveals that many clinicians in the community employ psychodyna
Keywords: Poster Psychodynamic Treatments Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Zhao, Dong-Mei (2009, March). Psychotherapy models and theories of mental trauma. Journal of South China Normal University (Social Science Edition).
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Mental trauma refers to mental damnification made by some direct extra force(living event)or strong emotion hurt, especially the strong affective reaction induced by natural and man-made disasters related to these living events.The assessment of trauma, at present,just uses questionnaire or scale, like Traumatic Stress Schedule, Traumatic Events Questionnaire, etc. This article introduces some psychotherapy models and theories about trauma, such as dynamic psychology psychotherapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR),integration and development treatment model, virtual reality technique,as well as drawing therapy, dancing therapy, reading and creating therapy.
Keywords: Mental Trauma Virtual Reality Technique
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Ranck, C. (2010, September/October). Quantum EMDR: Examining EMDR with quantum/holographic theory. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Quantum physics, called the “science of consciousness,” challenges our assumptions about the nature of reality. At the subatomic level everything is interconnected, though the connections are hidden. EMDR too is a process of revealing an Essential Truth that, because of trauma, has been hidden. Two principles will be examined: 1) Belief creates reality: Quantum physics states that the way we look at things changes what we see. This relates directly to EMDR cognitions; and 2) The part contains the whole: Consciousness and memories may be distributed everywhere (holographically) throughout the brain. The brain may use holograms for memory storage and retrieval, and EMDR may amplify this process. These fascinating concepts will illuminate EMDR in new and creative ways.
Keywords: Quantum/Holographic Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Gaarde Madsen, P-E. (2004, June). Re-evaluation of step-three - assessment - in the classical eight-step EMDR model. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The aim of the abstract is to focus on a possible weakness in the classical, 8-step EMDR model. Furthermore, the aim and hope with the abstract is also to produce a re-evaluation of step three – Assessment – in the classical Shapiro model.
The classical 8-step model is assumed known and is described only in headlines. The traditional therapeutic attack here is three-rponged – first past, then present and future. DAS has traditionally been used to desensitize traumatic bound material (in neuronal networks?). Many different protocols have emerged in the last decade. Most of these protocols are trying to adapt to the disorder or illness in focus.
A lot of client s have profited by this classical EMDR way but not all. Many clients do not change their behavior after the traditional EMDR intervention.
This group of clients needs a different therapeutic strategy. It is suggested to start working with targeting present problems, such as unwanted, inappropriate behavior or body sensations and/or to stimulate resources that can stabilize the client. The crucial point is step three is rather what to target with DAS and not as in the traditional model to focus on a picture as the target.
This means that DAS is used not only to desensitize traumatic stuff but also to generate resources – “to go with the positive” – so that later reprocessing can be accomplished. DAS is also used when placing different aspects of the client’s mental reality together, e.g., inappropriate behavior or body sensations versus resources and the goal. Summary: Step three is not only an assessment of what to target but a sophisticated treatment planning, respecting the knowledge of modern affect theory and consequently creating new neuronal networks by DAS, not only dissolving the old traumatic ones.
Keywords: Affect Theory Assessment DAS Neuronal Networks Phase Three
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. Steketee, G., & Goldstein, A. J. (1994, Summer). Reflections on Shapiro’s reflections: Testing EMDR within a theoretical context. the Behavior Therapist, 17(7), 156-157.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
As Shapiro points out, controversy
has surrounded Eye
Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing (EMDR) since it was first
described. Although some of this controversy
pertains to training methods
and clinical issues (see the Behavior
Therapist, 1992), most of it focuses on
insufficient empirical study. Regardless
of whether EMDR represents a
paradigm shift as Shapiro suggests, its
clinical utility depends on empirical
demonstration of clinical efficacy and
mechanisms of action. We summarize
the available literature here to balance
Shapiro's views. In accord with Shapiro's
view that EMDR targets the
blocking effects of trauma in any context
on normal information processing,
we agree that EMDR needs to be
tested not only with posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), but also with
other disorders whose etiology may be
traumatic.
Keywords: Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. Sayer, P. C. (2002, August). Responses of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing or a cognitive-behavioral treatment as mediated by attachment status. Alliant International University, Fresno, CA. AAT 3043018.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The primary focus of this investigation was to evaluate the responses of individuals diagnosed with PTSD to treatment with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). In the event that a participant was unable to tolerate the EMDR approach, an alternative cognitive-behavioral treatment approach was offered. It was anticipated that individuals exhibiting Secure Attachment status as revealed on administration of the Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI) would experience lower scores between pre- and post-intervention administrations of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). 6 individuals took part in the study; 5 completed the EMDR protocol and one completed an alternative cognitive-behavioral therapy program due to problems tolerating the EMDR treatments. Subjects met with the researcher/therapist from 1 to 12 sessions, participating in the assessment, psychoeducational, and treatment components of the protocol. The application of the BORRTI Insecure Attachment (IA) measure resulted in 5 of the participants receiving a designation Secure Attachment status and 1 person an Insecure Attachment status classification. Thus, comparison groups according to attachment status designation could not be formed. Comparisons of group mean differences between the pre- and post-intervention administrations of the SCL-90-R did not reveal statistically significant differences with regard to the five individuals completing the EMDR protocol. Limitations of the study are discussed, as well as implications for future research on the mediating influences of attachment status on the treatment of PTSD. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 63(2-B), Aug 2002, pp. 1047.
Keywords: Attachment Behavior Brief Psychotherapy Clinical Trial Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Greyber, L., Dulmus, C. N., & Cristalli, M. E. (2009, October). A review of EMDR intervention studies with children. Poster presented at Society for Psychotherapy Research European Conference, Bolanzo, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Dating back to 1987, Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a comprehensive treatment
approach theoretically founded in cognitive, behavior, experiential, hypnotic, systems, and
psychodynamic therapies. Although the use of EMDR with adults has received much attention
throughout the past two decades, research is lacking in the area of randomized controlled trials testing
the efficacy and effectiveness of EMDR with children. This presentation reviews all EMDR randomized
controlled trial studies conducted with children from 1998 to 2008 and summarizes outcomes,
methodological approaches and limitations, as well as recommendations for future research. Research
indicates that EMDR may be a promising treatment for children experiencing PTSD symptoms, or other
residual traumatic effects from distressing occurrences. Although promising, research warrants more
RCTs with a higher level of methodological rigor in order to test the effectiveness and efficacy of EMDR
with children. The clinical utility of EMDR implemented with children is questionable until further
research ensures that the benefits to children greatly outweigh risks.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Curio, A. (2009). Rückblick und ausblick - was hat sich in der traumatherapie seit EMDR getan und wo geht es hin? [Retrospect and prospect - What has happened in the trauma therapy and EMDR since where does it go?]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
"Die Erinnerung ist nichts Abstraktes... Sie ist eine Substanz, eine lange Faser, die sich um die Wirklichkeit wickelt, sie mit Bildern aus fernen Zeiten verknüpft, deren Vibrationen verlängert und ihre Strömung bis in die verästelten Nerven des Körpers weiterleitet." (Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, "Revolutionen", Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 2006).
"The memory is not an abstract concept ... a substance, a long fiber, which wraps around the reality that links them with images from distant times, extended their vibrations and their flow to the nerves branching forward of the body." (Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio, "revolutions", Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Cologne 2006).
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. Heber, R., Kellner, M., & Yehuda, R. (2002, December). Salivary cortisol levels and the cortisol response to dexamethasone before and after EMDR: A case report. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1521-1530. doi:10.1002/jclp.10102.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Trauma survivors with PTSD have been shown to have lower basal cortisol levels in the urine, plasma, and saliva than in trauma survivors without PTSD, nontraumatized mentally ill, or healthy subjects. We report on a case study in which we measured pre- and post-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment salivary cortisol levels and salivary cortisol response to 0.50 mg of dexamethasone in a 41-year-old female with chronic PTSD symptoms. Our goal was to determine whether symptom improvement following trauma-focused treatment (EMDR) is associated with changes in basal salivary cortisol or in the cortisol response to dexamethasone administration. Our findings show moderate symptom improvement, an increase in basal cortisol levels, and a more attenuated cortisol hypersuppression in response to the dexamethasone suppression test following EMDR treatment. These results suggest the potential utility of including neuroendocrine measures in the assessment of treatment outcome in PTSD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Battery Biologic Markers Brief Psychotherapy Case Report Clinical Case Study Cortisol Dexamethasone Suppression Test Empirical Study Females Legal Procedures Middle Aged Multiple Traumatic Events Neuroendocrine Neuroendocrine Testing Neuroendocrinology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. Arnold, L. (1995). Some nontraditional (unconventional and/or innovative) psychosocial treatment for children and adolescents: Critique and proposed screening principles. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23(1), 125-140. doi:10.1007/BF01447048 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Five examples of nontraditional psychosocial treatments used for children/adolescents are reviewed: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback, deep pressure/touch therapies, stress-challenge treatments, and confrontational scare treatments. The generic recommendations from the September 1992 National Institutes of Health Conference on Unconventional Medical Treatments are summarized. Additional screening principles specific for psychosocial treatments are proposed and applied to the five treatments. The screens do not validate treatment efficacy or evaluate the quality of any previous research, but only facilitate decisions as to whether treatments deserve controlled investigation. Scientific evaluation of the nontraditional treatments reviewed could in general benefit from blinds (at least for assessment); control conditions matched for intensity, frequency, and duration (double blind where feasible); dose-response studies; testing of generalization and endurance supplements or boosters for quick, cheap treatments with time- or domain-limited effects; and comparing cost-effectiveness with established treatments. Two unscientific pitfalls must be avoided: embracing new treatments uncritically and rejecting them without fair examination. These pitfalls must be skirted without dissipating scarce research resources. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adolescents Adventure Therapy Aversion Therapy Biofeedback Training Body Psychotherapy Children Literature Review Research Needs Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Lohr, J., DeMaio, C., & McGlynn, F. (2003, July). Specific and nonspecific treatment factors in the experimental analysis of behavioral treatment efficacy. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 322-368. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003005.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Interest in the empirical demonstration of the clinical efficacy of psychosocial treatments has been rekindled by societal concerns over accountability and cost-effectiveness in the delivery of mental health services. Behavior therapy has had a long history of experimental research on treatment efficacy and enjoys a visible presence in contemporary mental health practice. The demonstration of behavioral treatment efficacy, however, requires experimental evidence that shows the efficacy of prescriptive structured procedures beyond nonspecific factors in delivery of such procedures. The authors provide an analysis of the nature of nonspecific treatment factors and nonspecific effects and suggest experimental procedures testing the incremental validity of specific treatments. They examine two widely promoted, prescriptive structured treatments to analyze the specificity of their clinical efficacy: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for anxiety disorders and cognitive-behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. They conclude that the treatments show different levels of efficacy and different degrees of specificity.
Keywords: Behavior Therapy Efficacy Literature Review Methodology Specific Factors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
85. L'Abate, L. (1999). Taking the bull by the horns: Beyond talk in psychological interventions. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 7(3), 206-220.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The purpose of this article is to argue that as long as the therapeutic community relies on commonly accepted sacred cows to produce results, little if any progress will take place. The five sacred cows of traditional psychological interventions (prevention, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation) are based on the following: (a) talk; (b) face-to-face contact; (c) the professionals’ proper style and personality; (d) adding family members, the more people the better; and (e) the more sessions the better. New psychological interventions that may challenge the sacred cows as we know them are as follows: (a) psychoeducational skill training programs; (b) computer assisted interventions, including verbal, visual (i.e., virtual reality), and neurobiofeedback; (c) manualized therapies; (d) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; and (e) programmed distance writing, as exemplified by mental health workbooks. The latter is an inexpensive approach that can be administered concurrently with the new approaches as well as with talk-oriented interventions to obtain synergistic results. In addition, suggestions for minimally verbal and maximally action-oriented props and prescribed tasks are given.
Keywords: Commentary Computer Applications Computer Assisted & Programmed Distance Writing Interventions Oral Communication Preference to Traditional Talk-Oriented Techniques Therapeutic Processes Written Communication
Accuracy Verified: Yes
86. Dunn, T. M. (1995, June). Testing a treatment for sexual assault survivors: Neuropsychological examination of the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Presentation at the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality Midcontinent Region Annual Conference, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Sexual Asssault
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. Rosenthal, H. 2006. Therapy's best: Practical advice and gems of wisdom from twenty accomplished counselors and therapists. Binghamton, NY, London: Haworth Reference.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Insightful interviews with a Who’s Who of the world’s foremost therapists
Therapy’s Best is a lively and entertaining collection of one-on-one interviews with some of the top therapists and counselors in the world. Educator and psychotherapist Dr. Howard G. Rosenthal talks with twenty of therapy’s legends, including Albert Ellis, arguably the greatest clinical psychologist and therapist of our time; assertiveness training pioneer Robert Alberti; experiential psychotherapist Al Mahrer; and William Glasser, the father of reality therapy and choice theory. Each interview reveals insights into the therapists’ personal lives, their observations on counseling, and the helping profession in general, and their thoughts on what really works when dealing with clients in need.
The interviews found in Therapy’s Best uncover treatment strategies that are often missing from traditional textbooks, journal articles, courses, and seminars related to assertiveness training, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), marriage and family counseling, transactional analysis, psychoanalysis, suicide prevention, voice therapy, experiential psychotherapy, and Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT). Conversations with the “best and brightest” (including two recipients of the American Psychological Association’s Division of Psychotherapy’s “Living Legends” award) reveal why these therapists are such effective helpers, what makes their theories so popular, and most important, what makes them tick. This unique book lets you “rub elbows” with these consummate professionals and learn more about their theories, ideas, and experiences.
Therapy’s Best includes interviews with:
Dr. Albert Ellis—creator of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) and APA Division of Psychotherapy “Living Legend”
Dr. Edwin Schneidman—the foremost expert on suicide prevention, suicidology, and thanatology
Richard Nelson Bolles—author of What Color Is Your Parachute?
Dr. Dorothy and Dr. Ray Bevcar—husband and wife therapists who write textbooks on marriage counseling
Dr. Al Mahrer—father of experiential psychotherapy and APA Division of Psychotherapy “Living Legend”
Les Greenberg—father of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT)
Muriel James—co-author of Born to Win
and many more!
Therapy’s Best is a must read for professionals who practice counseling and psychotherapy, students preparing to do likewise, and anyone else with an interest in therapy—and the people with provide it
Keywords: Francine Shapiro Interview Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. Buscaglia, S. (2008, Julio 10). Tratamiento realizado con EMDR [Performed with EMDR treatment]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=454 om 1/4/2009.
Language: Spanish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR es un nuevo método psicoterapéutico para el tratamiento de diferentes problemas que pueden tener su origen tanto en experiencias tempranas como en cualquier tipo de situación traumática que se produzca en el curso de la vida, como abusos, depresión, trastornos de pánico, sobrevivir a catástrofes, etc.
La información traumática queda bloqueada y provoca los síntomas de los distin-tos cuadros psicopatológicos.
EMDR combina un abordaje cognitivo junto con un abordaje neurofisiológico, la estimulación bilateral sensorial. Esta consiste en movimientos oculares, sonidos alternados o palmoteo en las manos, lo cual produce un aceleramiento y desblo-queo de las funciones de procesamiento de la información en el cerebro, lo que lleva al alivio de los síntomas y a tener una nueva mirada sobre la vida, al poder usar las experiencias vividas como aprendizaje para el buen manejo de la realidad.
A continuación se presentarán dos viñetas de tratamientos para ejemplificar cómo se trabaja con el modelo EMDR.
EMDR is a new psychotherapeutic method for the treatment of different problems that can result from both early experiences as in any type of trauma occurring in the course of life, such as abuse, depression, panic disorder, surviving disasters , etc.
Traumatic information is blocked and causes the symptoms of psychopathology differ-ent.
EMDR combines a cognitive approach along with a neurophysiological approach, bilateral sensory stimulation. This consists of eye movements, alternating or clapping sounds in the hands, resulting in an acceleration-lock and unlock the functions of information processing in the brain, leading to relief of symptoms and have a new look life, to use as learning experiences for the proper handling of reality.
Then it will present two vignettes to illustrate how treatment works with the EMDR model.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
89. Nelson, S. (1994). Trauma and self-trust: EMDR can help. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(1), 7-8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Self-trust and trust of others are core issues that emerge time and time again in individual and relationship therapy In the broadest sense, trust implies instinctive, unquestioning belief and
reliance upon something or someone.
We require some measure of this trust
to function even minimally. Specifically,
and in terms of our everyday
experience, self-trust at least emcompasses
the abihty to:
l ) Trust awareness of external reality (People, places, things, degree of
safety, etc.).
2)Trust awareness of internal reality
(visual images, feelings, motives,
thoughts, body sensations).
3)Trust personal control of expression,
actions, thoughts, motives, body
experience, impulses.
4)Trust ability to sustain/meet personal
needs.
5)Trust our knowledge of past and
present events.
Keywords: Self-Trust Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
90. Qirjako, E. (2007, Feburar). Traumatisierte kinder und jugendliche. Einfluss posttraumatischer belastungsstörung auf psychische auffälligkeiten bei kindern und jugendlichen [Traumatized children and youth. Influence of post-traumatic stress disorder to mental disorders in children and adolescent trauma]. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
Language: German
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Die Geschichtsbücher über die Kriege zeichnen ein furchtbares Bild des Grauens. Erlebte Realität ist nicht gedruckte Seiten, das wir lesen, sondern die Angst, Schmerz und Leiden, die uns für den Rest unseres Lebens begleiten werden.
Tragische Ereignisse wie der Krieg im ehemaligen Jugoslawien haben bei der betroffenen Bevölkerung tiefe seelische Wunden hinterlassen. All das hat das Zusammenleben der verschieden ethnokulturellen Gruppen stark erschüttert und ist meistens nicht mehr möglich.
Die Kriegs- und Traumaopfer leiden häufig noch Jahren unter den schlimmen Folgen der Extrembelastungen. Typische „posttraumatische“, psychische Folgen sind das ständige schmerzliche Wiedererleben der durchlittenen Situationen, Alpträume, erhöhte Schreckhaftigkeit, Reizbarkeit sowie Auswirkungen im sozialen Bereich. Diese Symptome werden seit 1980 unter dem Begriff Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTB) in den offiziellen Klassifikationsmanualen psychischer Störungen zusammengefasst (DSM-IV-R, 1994).
The history books about the wars paint a terrible picture of horror. Experienced reality is not printed pages, we read, but the fear, pain and suffering that will accompany us for the rest of our lives. Tragic events like the war in former Yugoslavia have left deep emotional scars, the affected population. All this shook the coexistence of different ethno-cultural groups is not strong and more usually possible. The war and trauma victims often suffer for years under the terrible consequences of extreme stress. Typical "post-traumatic", the constant psychological consequences are painful reliving of the artist went through situations, nightmares, increased nervousness, irritability and social impact. These symptoms are grouped together since 1980 under the term Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTB) in the official classification manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-R, 1994).
Keywords: Adolescents Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. Omaha, J. (1999, June). Treating nicotine dependency: An application of the Chemotion/EMDR protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) the definition of denial as an unconscious mechanism preventing awareness and acceptance of a relationship between negative consequences of nicotine abuse and the nicotine abuse iself; 2) the origin of denial in a defected ego function of reality testing; 3) how defected reality testing in nicotine dependents means they cannot distinguish what is inside them - their archaic, unresolved trauma-coded affects, memories, cognitions, and images - from what is outside them - the smoking-induced affects, cognitions, and images; 4) how smokers reenact their childhood emotional trauma through their nicotine abuse. Cigarettes facilitate re-experiencing affects directed against the child by traumatizer and also re-experiencing the unmetabolized affect felt by the child during traumatization; 5) the Chemotion/EMDR protocol, a brief, effective treatment for nicotine dependency; 6) how Gestalt commmunication technique in Chemotion/EMDR protocol can evoke the object relations deficits during nicotine dependency; 7) how EMDR can desensitize and reprocess the specific childhood emotional trauma driving the dependency; and 8) how EMDR can install or strengthen the reality testing ego function.
Keywords: Chemotion Denial Gestalt Communication Nicotine Dependency Object Relations Deficits Reality Testing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Films for the Humanities (Firm). (2000). Treating phobias 1. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
In this program, the treatment of John's claustrophobia, Judith's fear of flying, and David's fear of heights--phobias described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) as Situational Type and Natural Environment Type--are documented. Applications of virtual reality, by Emory University's Barbara Rothbaum, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, by clinical psychologist Carl Nickeson, are profiled. The research of Jeffrey Gray, of the Institute of Psychiatry (London), into blood flow in the brain during moments of stress, panic, and terror is also examined. This program is part of the series "Phobia: When an Irrational Fear Takes Control." This two-part series uses MRI scans, body imaging, EEG tracing, and thermal photography to take an unflinching look at the biological and psychological mechanics of terror, as courageous patients seek to master their fears through various forms of treatment.
Keywords: Behavior Therapy Phobias
Accuracy Verified: No
93. Blowers, C., Pawelzik, M., Zangwill, W., Fetko, D., Bondy, N., Cable, S., Thomson, J., & Fairhead, D. & Harrowes, M. (2003). Treating phobias desensitization, virtual reality exposure therapy, and EMDR. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
This DVD draws excerpts from two programs, Treating Phobias: Behavioral Therapy, Hypnosis, Flooding, and SSRIs and the program Treating Phobias: Desensitization, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, and EMDR. Both are issued as parts of the series Phobia: When an Irrational Fear takes control. Included from these two programs are the work of Dr. Colin Blowers who uses behavioral therapy to treat fear of dogs, Dr. Markus Pawelzik of the Christoph Dornier Centrum who uses flooding to treat the fear of heights and Dr. William Zangwill who uses EMDR (eye movement desensitization reprocessing) to treat the fear of driving. Also shown is a fear of flying course which combines behavioral therapy and flooding to combat this phobia. The work of animal behaviorist Dr. Dennis Fetko, "Dr. Dog" is also highlighted. (WorldCAT)
Keywords: Phobias Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
94. Fourie, D. P. (2006, September). Treating phobias or treating people? Of acronyms and the social context. Health SA Gesondheid, 11(3), 41-47.
Language: Afrikaans
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Fobies is van die mees algemene versteurings wat onder die aandag van terapeute en dokters kom. Die klassieke
behandeling van keuse was SD (sistematiese desensitisasie), soms in kombinasie met hipnose. Meer onlangs het
VR- (virtuele realiteit) prosedures en EMDR (oogbeweging desensitisasie herprosessering) na vore gekom as
opwindende alternatiewe. SD en die VR-prosedures is operasionaliserings van kognitiewe gedragsterapie (CBT) en
is op leerteorie gebaseer terwyl EMDR gewoonlik vanuit ‘n psigoneurologiese perspektief beskou word. Die oorwegend
goeie resultate wat met die metodes behaal word waarna hierdie akronieme verwys, word dikwels gebruik om die
geldigheid van die onderliggende teorie te bevestig. Hierdie teorieë onderverteenwoordig egter die interpersoonlike
of sosiale aspekte van fobiese gedrag. Deur ‘n inter-persoonlike fokus by die algemene intra-persoonlike beskouing
van fobiese gedrag te voeg, word beide die sukses van die gewone behandelingsmetodes en die relatief-rare
mislukkings meer volledig verklaar. Deur gevalle as illustrasies te gebruik, werp hierdie artikel lig op die wyse
waarop fobiese gedrag dikwels ingebed is in ‘n matriks van interpersoonlike en sosiale invloede en stel dit die meer
gerigte en effektiewe benutting hiervan in die behandeling van fobielyers voor.
HEALTH
Phobias are some of the most common disorders brought to the attention of treatment agents. Classically, the treatment of choice was SD (systematic desensitisation), sometimes combined with hypnosis. More recently, VR (virtual reality) procedures and EMDR (eye movement desensitisation reprocessing) emerged as exciting alternatives.
SD and the VR procedures are operationalisations of CBT (cognitive behaviour therapy) and are based on learning theory, while EMDR is usually viewed from a psychoneurological perspective. The generally good results obtained with the methods known by these acronyms are often taken to confirm the soundness of the particular underlying theory. However, these theories under-represent the interpersonal or social aspects of phobic behaviour. Adding an inter-personal focus to the generally intra-personal view of this behaviour much more fully explains both the success of the usual treatment procedures and the relatively rare failures. Using case illustrations, this paper highlights the way in which phobic behaviour is often embedded in a matrix of interpersonal and social influences
and suggests the more deliberate and effective utilisation of these in the treatment of phobic sufferers.[Journal abstract]
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Memory Processing Phobias Social Constructionism Systematic Desensitisation SD Virtual Reality VR
Accuracy Verified: Yes
95. Blowers, C., Pawelzik, M., Zangwill, W., Fetko, D., Bondy, N., Cable, S., Thomson, J., Fairhead, D., & Harrowes, M. (2003). Treating phobias, behavioral therapy, hypnosis, flooding, and SSRIs. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences: Distributed under license from BBC Worldwide Americas.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
This DVD draws excerpts from two programs, Treating Phobias: Behavioral Therapy, Hypnoisis, Flooding, and SSRIs and the program Treating Phobias: Desensitization, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, and EMDR. Both are issued as parts of the series Phobia: When an Irrational Fear takes control. Included from these two programs are the work of Dr. Colin Blowers who uses behavioral therapy to treat fear of dogs, Dr. Markus Pawelzik of the Christoph Dornier Centrum who uses flooding to treat the fear of heights and Dr. William Zangwill who uses EMDR (eye movement desensitization reprocessing) to treat the fear of driving. Also shown is a fear of flying course which combines behavioral therapy and flooding to combat this phobia. The work of animal behaviorist Dr. Dennis Fetko, "Dr. Dog" is also highlighted. (WorldCAT)
Keywords: Phobias Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
96. Thomson, J., & Bondy, N. (2000). Treating phobias: Desensitization, virtual reality exposure therapy, and EMDR. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
In this program, the treatment of John’s claustrophobia, Judith’s fear of flying, and David’s fear of heights—phobias described by the DSM-IV as Situational Type and Natural Environment Type—are documented. Groundbreaking applications of virtual reality, by Emory University’s Barbara Rothbaum, and EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), by clinical psychologist Carl Nickeson, are profiled. The research of Jeffrey Gray, of the Institute of Psychiatry (London), into blood flow in the brain during moments of stress, panic and terror is also examined.
Keywords: Phobias Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
Accuracy Verified: No
97. Whisman, M. (2000, May 6). Treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation will focus on key factors believed to contribute to the development and maintenance of OCD: a damaged, diffuse sense of self; a perceived inadequacy to function, to meet the vicissitudes of life; and an elaborate defence system designed to offer the illusion of safety and control (avoidance of affect and action). Given the prominence of cognitive distortions and avoidance of affect in OCD, and the impact of EMDR on such phenomena as exhibited in the literature about EMDR treatment with PTSD, Whisman believes EMDR has the potential to be quite beneficial in the treatment of OCD. EMDR seems to allow the OCD client to hold a dual focus: the illusion of the disorder and the reality of the self; and to tolerate the affect accompanying this processing. Bridging past experience and present behavior, EMDR appears to allow new connections to be made that offer the client a distance form the disorder and a strengthening of the self. A model for educating the client about OCD will be presented a model whcih develops a "language" between therapist and client and bridges self and disorder; changes in the standard EMDR protocol will be presented and demonstrated via videotape; and EMDR components such as targeting, cognitive interweaves, and resource installation will be addressed. Clinical observation and client self-report are pointing to EMDR as an effective treatment component for OCD.
Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
98. Bar-Sade, S. (2008, June). Under the shadow - Fostering children’s resilience and coping strategies in an ongoing crisis situation. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The consistent findings on the adverse psychological effects of war and terror on
children have led to a recognized need for suitable early intervention in the immediate,
midterm and post term, of mass crisis situation. This presentation will try to overview
the clinical and empirically supported interventions operating in the last two years in
Israel, with children and families living in a constant threat of bombardment and
shelling of populated areas on both sides. This presentation will focus on the war related
stress reactions of young Israeli children exposed to these experiences and
present some creative interventions done to foster resilience and coping, as well as the
treatment of PTSD reactions.
It was estimated that during this war, 4,000 Katyusha rockets and missiles hit the
northern parts of Israel. More then 1 million people were at the danger zone for a
potential direct hit. More then 500,000 Israelis relocated during the war to live in safer
areas out of the range of the rockets. The children in the war zones experienced
sounds of sirens' explosions and sound of artillery. They spent considerable time in
bomb shelters and were exposed to sights (directly or through the media of damaged
houses and casualties). This situation continues now in the southern part of the
country along the Gaza Strip were children on both sides live under the daily reality of
bombardment, casualties and death.
Many programs and individual treatments were and are still operating as the
professionals are trying to meet the needs of communities and individuals under this
chronic ongoing stress situation. A community project is operating in the southern part
of the country, where mothers and toddlers as well as the staff members of the
kindergartens, are being supported by dyadic trauma focused play therapy and
enrolled in stress managements programs. Findings on the interrelation between the
degree of the parent's PTSD on the child's aversive symptomology,and the follow up of
dyadic treatment data, will be presented.
Another program the "Huggy Puppy", exemplifies the implementation of a
developmental appropriate intervention with children in the midst of the crisis, and
the effects of building a sense of self efficacy and relatedness. This will be illustrated in
the study done by Prof. Avi Sadhe from Tel Aviv University on the effects of the "Huggy
Puppy".
The use of the modified EMDR Group Protocol for children during the war and the
efficacy of the EMDR individual treatment in the post war situation as compared to
CBT and SE FAR will be examined in the research done by Dr. Moshe Farchi of the Tel
Chai College.
These diverse interventions and treatments represent the wide range of theoretical
and practical thinking which are necessary in order to create a comprehensive holistic
model which will serve as a guideline for interventions with children in crisis.
Keywords: Children Crisis Keynote Resilience
Accuracy Verified: Yes
99. Gross, L., & Ratner, H. (2002). The use of hypnosis and EMDR combined with energy therapies in the treatment of phobias and dissociative, posttraumatic stress, and eating disorders. In F. P. Gallo (Ed.), Energy psychology in psychotherapy: A comprehensive sourcebook (1st ed.) (pp. 219-231) New York: W. W. Norton.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The treatment of dissociative disorders, PTSD, eating disorders, and phobias is frequently difficult and traumatic for the client. One author (LG) has been treating clients with a combination of hypnosis, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), thought field therapy, emotional freedom technique, visual kinesthetic dissociation, and other energy field therapies for the purpose of shortening the length of therapy and making it less painful. Clients occasionally feel violated when such energy therapies are used on their own. For those clients it is upsetting to have their symptoms taken away without having any sense of the process involved as it takes place. When this reaction occurs, EMDR and hypnosis can be extremely useful when used in combination with thought field therapy and other energy therapies.To decide which modalities to use for a particular client, a clinician can make use of muscle testing. My experience has been that, except for the simplest cases, none of the therapies alone (i.e., hypnosis, psychotherapy, EMDR, or variations of energy therapies) may be sufficient. The combination, however, is a powerful treatment modality that can accomplish excellent results in a very short time frame. [Text, p. 219]
Keywords: Adults Dissociative Disorders Eating Disorders Energy Psychotherapy Hypnotherapy Phobias Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD TFT Thought Field Therapy Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
100. Parnell, L. (1995, June). The use of imaginal and cognitive interweaves with sexual abuse survivors. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This hour and a half presentation addresses the use of cognitive and imaginal interweaves in the treatment of adult survivors of
sexual abuse. The overall course of treatment with EMDR is briefly outlined including a variety of interweave interventions for use
in the beginning, middle and end of EMDR sessions.
In working with sexual abuse survivors with EMDR it is important to understand the issues commonly encountered in their
treatment. These include issues of safety, trust, responsibility, choice/control, interpersonal relationships, body awareness and
image, sexuality and self esteem. A sexual abuse assessment can be taken which includes information on the perpetrator(s), severity
and frequency of abuse, type of abuse, age of onset of abuse, duration of abuse, disclosure and family response.
Sexual abuse survivors present themselves in treatment in different ways. Some clients come to treatment remembering abuse and
want to clear it with EMDR. Other clients come to treatment with no clear memories of incidents but have a "feeling" something
happened to them and have symptoms of abuse. There are clients who have no clear memories but something has triggered
flashbacks and nightmares of sexual abuse. Finally, there are clients who have no memory of abuse and come to therapy for another
reason but uncover what they believe to be sexual abuse memories with EMDR.
There are three phases of treatment in sexual abuse cases. In the beginning phase, a history is taken and there is the establishment
of a trusting relationship. The client is prepared for EMDR. In the middle phase, there is the reprocessing and working through of
traumatic memories and transference work. In the end phase of treatment there is integration of the information which has been
uncovered and preparation for life outside of therapy.
Interweaves can be utilized in the beginning, middle and end of EMDR sessions.
In the beginning of individual EMDR sessions there is a check-in with clients to see how they have been doing during the week.
What has come up for them in their dreams or daily life since the last session? Next there is the selection and development of targets
for EMDR (body sensation, memory, flashback, symptom, dream, feeling, vague sense, negative cognition or drawing).
A safe place is then established where the client can go at the beginning, middle or end of the session as needed. Along with the
safe place an inner advisor or other inner resources can be contacted and developed for use in sessions. A connection with the
client's inner child is important which can be done through the use of guided imagery, photographs and/or artwork.
Instructions on how EMDR will be used are given with attention paid to issues of safety and control (they are in control, they can
stop at any time, they can return to the safe place, they know the signal for stop). Negative and positive cognitions are established
along with the EMDR protocol.
In the middle of individual EMDR sessions there are commonly problems with looping or being "stuck." This seems to occur
frequently with sexual abuse survivors because of the intensity of the trauma and because the child self is often frozen in time
lacking access to the adult self's information. Ways to work with this include looking for the blocking beliefs (i.e., The perpetrator
can hurt me), look for blocking images, and talking to the child part (what does he/she need?).
Imaginal and cognitive interweaves can be used in a variety of different ways in the middle of EMDR sessions. Some of these
include: imagining the adult self helping the child self in the traumatic scene, bringing in inner and outer resources for help (i.e., a
powdl imaginary being, a strong loving fiend, the therapist, etc.), and reality check interweave where is the perpetrator now?, can
helshe hurt you now?) It is also important to educate the child part that his or her feelings are normal, sexual feelings are normal etc.
It can be helpful to ask the adult self to talk to the child self explaining things to the child. Another useful interweave is to have the
adult self hold the perpetrator and allow the child to beat him or her up or have the adult self beat up the perpetrator allowing anger
to be expressed safely. Asking clients if they would like to return to the safe place for a break can also be helpful if they are feeling
too overwhelmed.
There are a number of ways to end or close incomplete EMDR sessions. Often it will not be possible to completely clear a traumatic
memory in a session or the memory worked on is completed but connected to a whole network of other traumatic events. For these
cases there are a number of interweaves that can be used. Clients can be requested to have the adult self comfort the child self in the .
safe place. The client can imagine putting the scary unfinished disturbance that has been uncovered in a file folder, box, safe, leave
it in the therapist's office, etc. The client can return to the safe place where the child and adult selves can play together. The adult
can comfort the child or do whatever is needed to create safety and containment. Clients can imagine their child self being held by
protector figures repeating cognitions related to safety, responsibility and choice. They can also be asked what they learned from the
session, installing their response with eye movements.
It is helpful to give homework to clients such as journaling, artwork, walks in nature, meditation, stress reduction, group work,
exercise, nutritious diet, and restriction of drugs and alcohol. Loving Kindness or Metta Meditation is another very helpful tool for
teaching self soothihg to adult survivors of sexual abuse.
Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Imaginal Interweave Sexual Abuse Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
101. Accaria, P. L. (2009, March 10). The utilization of muscle testing as an ideomotor signal: How to bypass dissociation, ratify EMDR protocols and assess covert ego states. Presentation at the 51st American Society of Clinical Hypnosis Annual Scientific Meeting, Boston, MA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Eve Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing procedure requires the development
of a protocol comprised of the patient’s inner experiences in the forms of images, emotions,
sensations, cognitions and Likert scale type ratings. Some individuals are dissociated from
their inner experiences to a degree which makes it difficult for them to soundly identify and
consciously report these inner experiences. Applied Kinesiology muscle testing responses,
which are conceptualized as ideomotor signals, are utilized to assess and ratify data used
in developing EMDR protocols. Muscle tests are also effective for deciphering covert ego
states and assessing their unique responses. Demonstrations and experiential practice in
dyads.
Upon completing this workshop, the participant should be able to:
1. Use muscle testing as an ideomotor signal;
2. Use muscle testing to develop and ratify EMDR protocols; and
3. Use muscle testing to assess and access covert ego states.
Keywords: Dissociation Ego States Muscle Testing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
102. Staff. (2001, January 24). Well being: A psychological theory called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Peoria, IL: Journal Star, All, Feature, C06.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
A psychological theory called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is scientifically and theoretically inadequate, says Jeffrey Lohr, a psychology professor at the University of Arkansas.
More than 25,000 therapists have been trained to use it, especially for post-traumatic stress disorders, he said. But objective scientific testing has shown it to be ineffective.
Keywords: General Overview Peoria
Accuracy Verified: Yes
103. Levin, P., Lazrove, S., & van der Kolk, B. (1999, January-April). What psychological testing and neuroimaging tell us about the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 159-172. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00045-0.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
To better understand the pathophysiology and treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), standard psychological testing, Rorschach Ink Blot testing, and neuroimaging using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) were administered to subjects with PTSD prior to and following three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Using this within-subject design, data from one of six subjects in our series is presented as a case report. Following EMDR, the subject experienced improvement in his level of distress, which correlated with decrements in PTSD and depressive symptomatology on psychological testing. Analysis of the Rorschach data corroborated these changes. Among other findings, the Hypervigilance Index went from positive to negative, indicating that the subject was spending less time scanning the environment for threats, and available ego resources also increased, as measured by the Experience Actual variable. Upon recall of the traumatic memory during SPECT scanning, two areas of the brain were hyperactive post-EMDR treatment relative to pretreatment: the anterior cingulate gyrus and the left frontal lobe. These changes were consistent with summed data from four out of six subjects in the ongoing study. An important implication of these findings is that successful treatment of PTSD does not reduce arousal at the limbic level, but instead, enhances the ability to differentiate real from imagined threat. The psychology and neurophysiology of PTSD are discussed in greater detail. (ScienceDirect)
Keywords: Adults Americans Brain Imaging Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
104. Ranck, C. (2006, September). What the bleep do we know?: Examining EMDR with quantum/holographic theory. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Quantum theory is the "science of possibility."
The 2004 documentary film, "What the Bleep.. . "
presents quantum/holographic concepts that
challenge assumptions about the nature of reality
and the healing process. In this discussion-based
and experiential workshop, we will examine
EMDR with two of these principles: 1) Belief
creates reality. A subatomic particle (a tiny piece of matter) always behaves like a wave, spread out
all over space, until it is looked at. It only
manifests as a particle when it is being observed. Thus, human consciousness plays a central role in quantum theory. That is, we create our own reality. 2) The part contains the whole. This holographic concept is best illustrated by the cloning of a sheep from a single DNA cell. In profound trauma, painful experiences of powerlessness are reduced into more manageable holographic fragments (such as a physical symptom, a distinctive odor, etc.) which contain the whole event. Triggering these unresolved holographic encodings floods the nervous system
with the whole traumatic memory. EMDR
facilitates resolution of these holograms. The brain may use holograms for memory storage and
retrieval, and EMDR appears to amplify this
process. Quantum concepts will be explored to
illuminate aspects of EMDR in new and creative
ways. Participants will leam dynamic strategies
to enrich EMDR treatment by incorporating
quantudholographic principles.
Keywords: Holographic Theory Quantum Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
105. Ranck, C. (2005, September). What the bleep to we know?: Examining EMDR with quantum/holographic theory. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Quantum theory is the "science of possibility."
The 2004 documentary film, "What the Bleep.. . "
presents quantum/holographic concepts that
challenge assumptions about the nature of reality
and the healing process. In this discussion-based
and experiential workshop, we will examine
EMDR with two of these principles: 1) Belief
creates reality. A subatomic particle (a tiny piece of matter) always behaves like a wave, spread out all over space, until it is looked at. It only manifests as a particle when it is being observed. Thus, human consciousness plays a central role in quantum theory. That is, we create our own reality. 2) The part contains the whole. This holographic concept is best illustrated by the
cloning of a sheep from a single DNA cell. In
profound trauma, painful experiences of
powerlessness are reduced into more manageable
holographic fragments (such as a physical
symptom, a distinctive odor, etc.) which contain
the whole event. Triggering these unresolved
holographic encodings floods the nervous system
with the whole traumatic memory. EMDR
facilitates resolution of these holograms. The brain may use holograms for memory storage and
retrieval, and EMDR appears to amplify this
process. Quantum concepts will be explored to
illuminate aspects of EMDR in new and creative
ways. Participants will leam dynamic strategies
to enrich EMDR treatment by incorporating
quantum/holographic principles.
Keywords: Quantum Theory Holographic Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
106. Muramoto, K. (2001, September). Women's trauma and healing in Japanese culture. Union Institute, Cincinnati, OH. AAT 3007972.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This dissertation explores the reality of women's trauma and the effective treatment for traumatized women in Japanese culture. Current research on PTSD supports the universality of many of the biologically determined components of PTSD experiences, while the importance of considering the cultural aspect of trauma is also stressed. Key research questions were: Can PTSD and trauma-related disorders be diagnosed in Japanese women? To what degree are the trauma theory and treatment methods from the West applicable to Japanese women? The primary research method was a literature review supplemented by interviews with Japanese clinicians and reflections on the author's experience as a psychotherapist.In Japan, the interest in trauma has been rapidly growing in the 1990s, particularly after the year 1995 when the Great Hanshin (Kobe) Earthquake happened. The developing statistics of women's trauma in Japan signify a serious problem to women's mental health, as is found in United States. Although the literature is limited yet, the research indicated that Japanese women suffer almost the same symptoms of PTSD and other trauma-related symptoms as women in the U.S. One distinctive characteristic is that Japanese people tend to complain of physical pain rather than psychological symptoms. The assessment and treatment procedures for traumatized women were not studied enough in Japan. The author illustrated the effective assessment and treatment plan for Japanese women as an example. The Western trauma theories and treatment methods are applicable to Japanese women, requiring some additional devices. Supportive psychotherapy and EMDR seem to be prevalent approaches at present. Creative art therapy and body-centered approaches have the potential to be effective in Japanese culture. Vicarious traumatization in mental health professionals is becoming a serious problem in Japan, too. The author also paid attention to multigenerational trauma in Japanese society. The trauma caused by World War II is reviewed in an effort to suggest the enormity of the task we have in dealing with trauma. It is time for Japanese people to resolve multigenerational trauma so as to stop continuous trauma and to take care of traumatized people. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 62(3-B), Sep 2001, pp. 1591.
Keywords: Adults Cross Cultural Assessment Cross Cultural Treatment Diagnostic Validity Empirical Study Females Japanese Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
107. Eckert, A. (2011, September). Zimmer mit aussicht- Erinnern als unverzichtbares therapeutisches element [Room with a view, Rememberance as indispensible element]. Forum der Psychoanalyse, 27(3), 239-262. doi:10.1007/s00451-011-0079-3.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In diesem Beitrag stelle ich dar warum die Rekonstruktion des traumatischen Geschehens eine unverzichtbare Phase in der Therapie traumatisierter Patienten ist. Eine integrierende Rekonstruktion umfasst die äußere und die innere Realität des Patienten, beide gleichermaßen schwer zugänglich. Die Rekonstruktion ist ein Prozess und bedarf einer Anpassung des Settings. Es werden Fallvignetten der stationären psychotherapeutischen Rekonstruktionsarbeit mit Hilfe von Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) vorgestellt.
In this paper, I figure why the reconstruction of the traumatic event is an essential phase in the treatment of traumatized patients. An integrating reconstruction includes the outer and the inner reality of the patient, both equally difficult to access. The reconstruction is a process and requires an adjustment of the settings. We present the case of inpatient psychotherapeutic vignettes reconstruction work using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Keywords: Reconstruction of the Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes