Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. 張素凰、李元華 [Chang Sue-Hwang, & Li Yuan-Hua]. (2003年，10月). 眼動和情緒：眼球運動的作用在治療機制 EMDR的。 [Eye movement and emotionality: The role of eye movement in the therapeutic mechanism of EMDR]. 論文發表在第42屆大會的中國心理學會，輔仁大學，台灣 [Presentation at the 42nd annual conference of the Chinese Psychological Association, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan] NSC 91-2815-C-002-125-H.
Language: Chinese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Shapiro 認為演動訊息在處理法（EMDR）治療程序中規
律的多次快速動眼作業有助於創傷記憶的處理
(Shapiro, 1989a)，但其可能涉及的療效機制之研究尚
少。本研究擬從工作記憶模式的角度來探討動眼作業在
EMDR 的療效機制。根據工作記憶模式(working memory
model)，動眼作業可視為一種爭奪工作記憶中視覺和空
間訊息處理能力(VSSP)系統資源的干擾作業。因此，當
回憶創傷事件時，施以動眼作業可降低創傷受害者對於
創傷事件記憶的清晰程度，並降低患者對於創傷事件的
情緒反應，以達到某種程度的治療目的。實驗一（N = 120）
採動眼作業（有、無）× 圖片的性質（正向、負向）× 時
間（前測、後測）的三因子混合設計，依變項 為圖片
影像的清晰度與情緒感受度。實驗二（N = 120）採動
眼作業（有、無）× 刺激材料的性質（圖片、影片）× 時
間（前測、後測）的三因子混合設計，依變項同實驗一。
實驗一與實驗二的結果皆顯示，如同工作記憶模式的預
期，動眼作業造成VSSP 所同時處理的影像訊息的清晰
度降低，此結果與工作記憶模式的預期一致。另外，本
研究亦顯示動眼作業亦造成情緒感受度降低。上述結果
顯示動眼作業可能具有臨床治療上的功效，且可藉由工
作記憶模式瞭解其療效機制。本研究亦對結果所顯示的
意義與未來研究方向提出討論
Eye‐movement desensitization‐reprocessing therapy (EMDR) has recently been the new effective technique to treat post‐traumatic stress disorder and other disorders. Contrasted with other psychotherapies, eye‐movements are the novel component.
According to the working memory model, eye‐movements could reduce the vividness
of distressing images and the intensity of the emotion associated with the images. In
this study, we designed two experiments to test the effects of eye‐ movements on
vividness and emotionality of imagery. In Experiment 1, with positive and negative
photos as stimuli, the results showed that eye movements significantly reduced the
vividness and emotionality of traumatic images. In Experiment 2, with negative photos
and negative films as stimuli, we also found eye‐movements significantly reduced the
vividness and emotionality of traumatic images. The implications and future research
possibilities are discussed.
Keywords: Emotionality Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Vividness Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Dunne, T., & Farrell, D. (2009, March). Accredited, brand-named psychotherapies and the standard of evidence: A reply to Davidson. Clinical Psychology Forum, 195, 3-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Prof Davidson also trots out that old chestnut of McNally’s (1996 a & b) regarding EMDR to wit:
“What is new is not effective and what is effective is not new”. This has been effectively rebutted
by Perkins & Rouanzoin (2002) who convincingly, even for the most rabid of sceptics,
demonstrated that McNally, in dismissing EMDR as just another variant of systematic
desensitisation, failed to notice that, unlike EMDR, systematic desensitisation is not particularly
helpful in the treatment of PTSD. Perkins & Rouanzoin also showed how McNally misreported
data to support his contentions regarding EMDR whiles simultaneously excluding or ignoring
Van Etten & Taylor’s (1998) meta-analysis. Van Etten & Taylor concluded that EMDR is not
simply a variant of imaginal exposure, a conclusion which contradicts McNally’s argument but is
omitted by him. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Letter Standard of Evidence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Hartung, J. (2008, April). Alternative psychotherapies and the bodymind phenomena. The Colorado Psychologist Extended Articles.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Keywords: Alternative Therpaies Body Mind
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Reitz, S. (2008, September). Body-memories: A potential healing obstacle in trauma therapeutical and EMDR - Processes and a re-traumatization risk regarding body-based psychotherapies and other body work therapies. In H. Kanitschar (Chair), Trauma and Hypnosis. Symposium presented at the 11th Congress of the European Society of Hypnosis in Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Body-Based Therapies Re-Traumatization Risk Symposium Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Deacon, B. J., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2004, April). Cognitive and behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders: A review of meta-analytic findings. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(4), 429–441. doi:10.1002/jclp.10255.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Behavioral and cognitive psychotherapies are the most widely studied
psychological interventions for anxiety disorders. In the present article, the
results of ten years of meta-analytic studies on psychotherapies for the
various anxiety disorders are reviewed and the relative effectiveness of
cognitive and behavioral therapeutic methods is examined. Meta-analytic
results support the effectiveness of combined cognitive and behavioral
approaches for anxiety disorders. Pure behavioral therapies also are effective
and appear to work as well as combined treatment for some disorders.
Due to the small number of outcome studies involving pure cognitive
treatments, reliable conclusions about the effectiveness of this approach
cannot be offered. Additional theoretical and practical considerations are
discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 60: 429–441,
2004.
Keywords: Anxiety GAD Generalized Anxiety Disorder Meta-Analysis Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD Panic Disorder Social Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Hartung, J. G., & Galvin, M. D. (2002). Combining eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and energy therapies. In F. P. Gallo (Ed.), Energy psychology in psychotherapy: A comprehensive sourcebook (1st ed) (pp. 179-197) NewYork: W. W. Norton.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: Observing that there has been a rapid increase in the number of practitioners trained in both eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the energy psychotherapies, the authors describe ways to combine these modalities to increase their effectiveness. Topics include correcting psychological reversals prior to initiating and during EMDR; muscle testing with EMDR; EMDR along with energy therapies to limit the severity and disruption of abreaction, dissociation, "looping," and blocking beliefs; treatment of addiction; using one method to further client receptivity to use of the other; self-use of EMDR and the energy techniques; and, among others, energy training for paraprofessional crisis teams for use in residential programs with EMDR clients. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Energy Psychotherapy Latin Americans Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors TFT Thought Field Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. van Etten, M. L., & Taylor, S. (1998). Comparative efficacy of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5(3), 126-144. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199809).
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A meta-analysis was conducted on 61 treatment outcome trials for PTSD. Conditions included drug therapies (TCAs, carbamazepine, MAOIs, SSRIs, and BDZs), psychological therapies (behaviour therapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), relaxation training, hypnotherapy, and dynamic therapy), and control conditions (pill placebo, wait-list controls, supportive psychotherapies, and non-saccade EMDR control). Psychological therapies had significantly lower drop-out rates than pharmacotherapies (14% versus 32%), with attrition being uniformly low across all psychological therapies. In terms of symptom reduction, psychological therapies were more effective than drug therapies, and both were more effective than controls. Among the drug therapies, the SSRIs and carbamazepine had the greatest effect sizes, although the latter was based upon a single trial. Among the psychological therapies, behaviour therapy and EMDR were most effective, and generally equally so. The most effective psychological therapies and drug therapies were generally equally effective. Differences across treatment conditions were generally evident across symptom domains, with little matching of symptom domain to treatment type. However, SSRIs had some advantage over psychological therapies in treating depression. Follow-up results were not available for most treatments, but available data indicates that treatment effects for behaviour therapy and EMDR are maintained at 15-week follow-up. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Antimanic Drugs Benzodiazepine Derivatives Hypnotherapy Meta Analysis Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy PTSD Relaxation Therapy Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Treatment Effectiveness Tricyclic Derivatives
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Brunet, J. (2009, Octobre). Complications thérapeutiques suite au traitement EMDR chez un vétéran traumatisé [Therapeutic complications following treatment in a veteran trauma EMDR]. Journal International de Victimologie [International Journal of Victimology], 1(1), 1-5.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Il s'agit d'une étude de cas concernant une personne ayant vécu un épisode dissociatif sévère suite à une séance EMDR. Un seul article bref a, à ce jour, documenté les réactions adverses susceptibles d'être induites par EMDR... Sans parti pris, il semble essentiel à l'auteur de réfléchir sur les contre-indications que peuvent susciter la psychothérapie EMDR, tout comme sont étudiées les contre-indications des autres psychothérapies.
Keywords: Contraindications Brief Psychotherapy Trauma Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Kluft, R. P. (1995,December). The confirmation and disconfirmation of memories of abuse in DID patients: A naturalistic clinical study. Dissociation, 8(4), 253-258.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The charts of 34 dissociative identity disorder (DID) patients in treatment with the author were reviewed for instances of the confirmation
or disconfirmation of recalled episodes of abuse occurring naturalistically in the course of their psychotherapies. Nineteen, or 56 %, had instances of the confirmation of recalled abuses . Ten of the 19, or 53 %, had always recalled the abuses that were ronfirrned. However, 13 of the 19, or 68%, obtained documentation . of events that were recovered in the course of therapy, usually with the use of hypnosis. Three patients, or 9%, had instances in which the inaccuracy of their recollection could be demonstrated. The forgetting oftraumatic
experiences, their reasonably accurate recovery in treatment, and the formation of pseudomemories in clinical populations were all documented in this study . This suggests that stances that are either extremely credulous of retrieved recollections or extremely skeptical of
retrieved recollections are inconsistent with clinical data, and therefore are not constructive influences on the contemporary scientifi c
study of trauma and memory. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Abuse DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Memories
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Pagani, M., Högberg, G., Fernandez, I., & Siracusano, A. (2013). Correlates of EMDR therapy in functional and structural neuroimaging: A critical summary of recent findings. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 29-38. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.29.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Neuroimaging investigations of the effects of psychotherapies treating posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), have reported findings
consistent
with modifications in cerebral blood flow (CBF; single photon emission computed tomography
[SPECT]), in neuronal volume and density (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and more recently in
brain electric signal (electroencephalography [EEG]). Additionally in the recent past, EMDR-
related neurobiological
changes were monitored by EEG during therapy itself and showed a shift of the maximal
activation from emotional limbic to cortical cognitive brain regions. This was the first time in which
neurobiological changes occurring during any psychotherapy session have been reported,
making
EMDR
the first psychotherapy with a proven neurobiological effect. The purpose of this article was to review the
results of functional and structural changes taking place at PTSD treatment and presented during the
period of 1999–2012 by various research groups. The reported pathophysiological changes are presented
by neuropsychological technique and implemented methodology
and critically analyzed.
Keywords: EEG Limbic System MRI Neurobiology SPECT
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Benish, S. G., Imel, Z. E., & Wampold, B. E. (2008, October). Corrigendum to “The relative efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies for treating post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of direct comparisons”. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1281. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.06.001.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In the course of extending our meta-analysis of the relative efficacy of psychotherapy treatment of PTSD (Benish, Imel, &
Wampold, 2008), we detected three errors in the original analysis that appear in Table 1. The effect size for all measures should be
d=.40 for Foa et al. (1999), while all measures and PTSD measures for Devilly & Spence (1999) should be d=.43 and d=.57,
respectively. In the original analysis, data from Resick et al. (1988) was erroneously included in lieu of Resick (2002) including the
quotation. The correct effect size for Resick et al. (2002) all measures and PTSD measures should be d=.31 and d=.27, respectively.
After correcting these errors, the upper bound of the aggregated effect increases slightly to 0.19 and 0.22 for all measures and
PTSD measures, respectively. These errors did not affect the significance level of any test of the hypotheses of the study.
Keywords: Corrigendum
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Shapiro, F., Lake, K., & Norcross, J. C. (2003, November). Desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares (EMDR): Un tratamiento integrador para el trauma [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an integrative treatment for trauma]. Revista de Psicotrauma para Iberoamérica, 2(3), 4-12.
Language: Spanish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR es un método psicoterapéutico integrador que ha sido designado oficialmente una forma efectiva de tratamiento para el trastorno de estrés postraumático en la comunidad internacional. El EMDR de ocho fases proporciona un método eficiente, estructurado y seguro para hacer frente a los efectos nocivos de los eventos traumáticos. Varios aspectos del método EMDR, incluyendo su capacidad para hacer frente a los componentes múltiples de la experiencia del trauma (creencias, emociones, sensaciones fisiológicas), han hecho un llamamiento a los psicoterapeutas de diversas orientaciones teóricas. Aunque existen muchas similitudes entre el método EMDR y otros sistemas de las psicoterapias, EMDR es un enfoque distinto, debido, en parte, al uso de un modelo de procesamiento de información para explicar la psicopatología. Protocolos EMDR incorporan una combinación única de elementos que se piensa extender los resultados positivos del tratamiento. [Autor Resumen]
EMDR is an integrative psychotherapeutic approach that has been officially designated an effective form of treatment for PTSD within the international community. The eight-phase EMDR provides an efficient, structured, and safe method for addressing the deleterious effects of traumatic events. Various aspects of EMDR, including its ability to address the multiple experiential components of trauma (beliefs, emotions, physiological sensations), have appealed to psychotherapists of diverse theoretical orientations. Though many similarities exist between EMDR and other systems of psychotherapies, EMDR is a distinct approach due, in part, to its use of an information processing model to explain psychopathology. EMDR's protocols incorporate a unique combination of elements that are thought to extend positive treatment outcomes. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressor Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Patti, M. S (2010, April). Diagnosing and treating complex PTSD: An integrated approach model - Borderline personality disorder and comorbid DID: intervening with EMDR, relational and sensorymotor psychotherapies . Symposium at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The paper presents a clinical case of an initial diagnosis of BPD referred to ARP by local psychiatric services where she was treated for a suicide attempt. The client presented serious affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, dissociative symptoms and refused any medication. Clinical team opted for an integrated assessment which also stabilised the client. The assessment enabled to diagnose the client with structural dissociation isolating both ANP and EP aspects. Clinical intervention adopted an integrated approach using EMDR to treat specific dissociative traits, sensorymotor therapy to intervene on somatic symptoms, and relational therapy to develop therapeutic alliance. A preliminary stabilisation enabled the client to accept support from psychiatric services. This clinical case shed light on how the integration of assessment tools may detect better trauma disorders and challenged the importance of collaborative work between private practice and psychiatric services when intervening with seriously traumatized patients.
Keywords: Borderline Personalith Disorder Comorbid DID Complex Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Krafona, K. (2010). Does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have any utility in intellectual disabilities? Two bereavement case reports. The Ghana International Journal of Mental Health, 2(1).
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are to some extent discriminated against when it comes to the psychotherapies. The long held belief that individuals with ID do not benefit from such interventions has been attributed in part to communication difficulties, lack of insight and lack of language
sophistication. Yet, it is well known that these individuals are about four-fold at risk of developing mental health problems. Cognitive behavior therapies (CBT) and other related therapies are becoming more recognized in the field of intellectual disabilities. Loss and bereavement is common among people with ID but their exposure to interventions such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR) has been limited. EMDR is a psychological intervention that encompasses many aspects of
traditional therapies such as CBT and psychodynamic therapies. There is little research in this area for people with ID. This paper reports two cases in individuals with intellectual disabilities who were
struggling with bereavement. They appear to have benefited from EMDR sessions and there may be
scope for research to establish its efficacy in this field.
Keywords: Intellectual Disabilities
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Nofal, S. (2003). E.M.D.R: Método psicoterapéutico de elección [EMDR psychotherapeutic method of choice]. Psicoterapias. Presentación en: 3º Congreso Virtual de Psiquiatria.com.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
E.M.D.R.: que significa Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento con Movimientos Oculares es un método psicoterapéutico para tratar trastornos emocionales que son causadas por experiencias abrumadoras de la vida, que van desde eventos traumáticos como guerras, accidentes, violaciones y desastres naturales, hasta situaciones traumáticas originadas en la niñez. · Se pueden tratar también además del T.E.P.T. todos los trastornos de ansiedad, depresión, desórdenes disociativos, duelos, dolor crónico, adicciones, perturbaciones somáticas, etc. en niños, adolescentes y adultos.
EMDR: meaning Desensitization and Reprocessing eye movement is a psychotherapeutic method for treating emotional disorders that are caused by overwhelming experiences of life, ranging from traumatic events such as war, accidents, violations and natural disasters, to traumatic situations arising in childhood . · You can also treat PTSD plus all anxiety disorders, depression, dissociative disorders, grief, chronic pain, addiction, somatic disturbances, etc.. in children, adolescents and adults.
Keywords: Postraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapies PTSD Stress Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Becker, L. (2000). Effect size. Lee Becker, Ph.D..
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Effect size (ES) is a name given to a family of indices that measure the magnitude of
a treatment effect. Unlike significance tests, these indices are independent of sample
size. ES measures are the common currency of meta-analysis studies that summarize
the findings from a specific area of research. See, for example, the influential metaanalysis
of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatments by Lipsey and
Wilson (1993).
There is a wide array of formulas used to measure ES. For the occasional reader of
meta-analysis studies, like myself, this diversity can be confusing. One of my
objectives in putting together this set of lecture notes was to organize and summarize
the various measures of ES.
In general, ES can be measured in two ways:
a) as the standardized difference between two means, or
b) as the correlation between the independent variable classification and the
individual scores on the dependent variable. This correlation is called the "effect size
correlation" (Rosnow & Rosenthal, 1996).
These notes begin with the presentation of the basic ES measures for studies with two
independent groups. The issues involved when assessing ES for two dependent groups
are then described.
The psychotherapies include: behavioral treatments (primarily different forms of
exposure therapies), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR),
relaxation therapy, hypnosis, and psychodynamic therapy.
The control conditions include: pill placebo (used in the drug treatment studies), wait
list controls, supportive psychotherapy, and no saccades (a control for eye movements
in EMDR studies).
Keywords: Effect Size
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Cloitre, M. (2009, January). Effective psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder: A review and critique. CNS Spectrums, 14(1, Supplement 1), 32-43 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This report reviews and critiques the psychotherapy literature for the treatment of PTSD and systematically presents data on sample size, rates of completion, and effect sizes. Substantial progress has been made in the use of cognitive behavioral therapies and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for the resolution of PTSD. Innovations in PTSD treatments are identified. Further advances are needed in the treatment of populations with complex and chronic forms of PTSD such as those found in childhood abuse populations, refugee populations, and those experiencing chronic mental illness. The need to address comorbid emotional, social, and physical health consequences of trauma, to implement treatments in community-based settings, and to incorporate larger systems of care into study designs is noted. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Roques, J. (2008, Mai). EMDR - Une révolution et un changement de paradigme thérapeutiques [EMDR – A therapeutic revolution and paradigm shift]. Présentation à la Conférence EMDR Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
La présentation comporte trois volets. Le premier volet présente le fondement neurologique de l’EMDR qui est centré sur les réseaux neuronaux de la mémoire - ce qui permet une compréhension nouvelle des phénomènes dissociatifs et qui fait ressortir le potentiel du traitement en EMDR. Le deuxième volet aborde les applications de ce cadre théorique à l’ensemble des manifestations pathologiques : traumatismes simples et
complexes, intoxications psychiques, épisodes psychotiques brefs et même certains cas de début de schizophrénie. Le troisième volet démontre à quel point l’EMDR bouleverse notre compréhension de la pathologie et de son traitement et de ce fait, constitue un véritable changement de paradigme thérapeutique. Cette compréhension nouvelle des phénomènes neuropsychologiques sous-jacents, telle que soulevée par l’EMDR, permet de distinguer ce qui est utile de ce qui ne l’est pas dans la plupart des psychothérapies.
This opening workshop will focus on three axes :
1) The neurological basis of EMDR that focuses on the memory’s neural networks – which in turn allow a fresh understanding of dissociative phenomena and shows the potential of EMDR treatment.
2) The application of this theoretical understanding to the various expressions of psychopathology: simple versus complex PTSD – psychic poisoning – brief psychotic episodes- even certain cases of early schizophrenia.
3) As a conclusion, how EMDR shook up our understanding of pathology and its treatment, and how it provided the impetus toward a genuine paradigm shift. This new understanding of the underlying psychoneurologic phenomena brought on by EMDR helps us to determine what may be useful or not in the various psychotherapies.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Hofmann, A. (2008, September). EMDR bei dissoziativen störungen [EMDR and dissociative disorders]. Presentation at Pre-Congress on EMDR auf dem European Congress of Hypnosis, Wien, Österreich.
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Mit den zunehmenden Forschungsergebnissen im Bereich psychotraumatischer bedingter Störungen sind auch neuere erfolgreiche Zugänge zur Behandlung dieser Störungen entwickelt worden. Einer dieser neuen Ansätze ist die von Dr. Francine Shapiro in Palo Alto (Kalifornien) entwickelte und mittlerweile international anerkannte EMDR-Methode.
Diese in ihrer Effektivität gut belegte Behandlungsmethode verwendet einen
acht Phasen umfassenden Behandlungsansatz und kann in vielen Psychotherapien auch bei schwer dissoziativen PatientInnen wichtigen Beitrag zur Verarbeitung belastender Erinnerungen leisten.
Dies gilt auch für PatientInnen, die unter schwersten dissoziativen Störungen wie einer multiplen Persönlichkeitsstörung leiden. Die oft langwierige Behandlung dieser PatienInnen ist durch Methodenintegration und kann durch den Einsatz der EMDR-Methode sehr profitieren. Der diagnostische und behandlungstechnisch integrative EMDR-Ansatz bei diesen PatientInnen wird in seinen Forschungsergebnissen und klinischen Anwendungen im Einzelnen diskutiert werden.
Supervision will as well as coaching the professional competence of supervisees at the intersection of different factors: optimizing them accordingly serve the qualification, optimization and reflection of the professional action.
With the growing research in the field of psycho-traumatic disorders induced newer successful approaches to the treatment of these disorders have been developed. One of these new approaches is that of Dr. Francine Shapiro in Palo Alto (Calif.) has developed and now internationally recognized EMDR method.
This well-documented in effectiveness treatment method uses a
eight phases comprehensive approach to treatment and can afford in many psychotherapies in severely dissociative patients also important contribution to the processing of stressful memories.
This also applies to patients suffering from severe dissociative disorders, such as a multiple personality disorder. The often lengthy treatment of this PatienInnen is through integration of methods and can benefit by using the EMDR method very much. The diagnostic and treatment technique EMDR integrative approach in these patients will be discussed in its research and clinical applications in detail.
Keywords: Dissociative Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Meise, S. (2010, Juli). EMDR heilsame Augenbewegungen [EMDR healing eye movements]. Psychologie-Heute,.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Traumapsychotherapien mit EMDR sind 20 Jahre nach dessen Einführung unbestritten erfolgreich. Während die Wirkfaktoren noch erforscht werden, wenden Therapeuten es längst nicht mehr ausschließlich zur Behandlung schwerer Traumata an. Auch bei Allergien, Essstörungen, chronischen Erkrankungen und verhaltensgestörten Kindern hat sich das Verfahren bewährt
Revolution oder Humbug? Die Psychotherapie Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, kurz EMDR, polarisiert die Traumaforschung, seit sie 1989 von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro für posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen, PTBS, entwickelt wurde. Mittlerweile ist sie eine auch von offiziellen Gremien anerkannte Methode, denn über 20 kontrollierte Studien weisen deren teils frappierend schnelle Wirkung nach. Trotzdem gibt es erst seit etwa 10 Jahren einschlägige Fachartikel meist wird EMDR darin als Scharlatanerie oder Form der Hypnose abgekanzelt und mit dem Etikett...
Trauma with EMDR psychotherapies are 20 years after its introduction undoubtedly successful. While the effective factors are elucidated, it is no longer consult therapists exclusively for the treatment of severe trauma on. Even with allergies, eating disorders, chronic diseases and behavioral disorders, the procedure has proven
Revolution or humbug? The Psychotherapy Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR brief, polarized the trauma research, since it was developed in 1989 by the American psychologist Francine Shapiro for post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD. She is now an accepted method by official bodies, for more than 20 controlled studies demonstrate the sometimes striking quick effect. Nevertheless, it is only since about 10 years of relevant professional articles is EMDR is usually dismissed as quackery or form of hypnosis and with the label...
Keywords: Eye Movements
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Brown, S., & Gilman, S. (2011, July). EMDR in the treatment of trauma and substance abuse. Presentation at CalSouthern’s Master Lecture Series at California Southern University in Irvine, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This lecture will provide an overview of a comprehensive psychotherapy treatment approach called EMDR by two Certified EMDR Approved Consultants who each have over 25 years of clinical experience. EMDR is one of the most widely researched psychotherapies for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and it also has research support for the treatment of other trauma-driven disorders including substance abuse and behavioral addictions, depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder and phantom limb pain. This workshop will focus on the application of EMDR with PTSD, trauma, and co-occurring substance use disorder.
Keywords: Substance Abuse Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Shapiro, F., Beutler, L., Norcross, J., Maxfield, L., & Rogers, S. (2002). EMDR research and its future: Ecological validity, process research, component analysis, outcome findings, and sociopolitical context. Panel discussion at the Society for Psychotherapy Research International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This panel presentation addresses ecological validity, process factors, methodological variables, and sociopolitical context in the interpretation and dissemination of outcome research. Since its introduction, EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) has been the focus of controversy because of its departure from existing paradigms, its non-traditional dissemination, and immoderate claims for rapid effectiveness. This panel reviews the socio-political context in which EMDR developed and its relevance for other emerging psychotherapeutic approaches. Findings from a recent methodological meta-analysis are reviewed to provide an empirical context for assessing the range of results in different outcome studies. Specific client, therapist, and methodological variables that could account for disparities in outcome are examined and implications for interpreting research outcomes are discussed. The panel also summarizes the findings of various recent studies that identified the effects of eye movements as decreasing vividness and emotionality of memory, physiological arousal, and in-session subjective distress. Findings from two recently completed studies are reported in which both process variables and active ingredients were examined. Limitations of the group design approach to the dismantling of psychotherapies are also discussed.
Keywords: Panel Discussion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Jayatunge, R. (2010, February 25). EMDR – An effective mode of psychotherapy. Sri Lanka Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2010/02/emdr-effective-mode-of-psychotherapy.html om 2/30/2010.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Introduction of cognitive therapies gave a new hope. Beck and other pioneers in CBT helped a large number of people with emotional problems. Among all contemporary psychotherapies EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) became unique. What is exceptional about EMDR? It is easy to administer, gives quick positive results and no side effects. EMDR facilitates to ease traumatic experiences.
Keywords: General Military Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Herbert, C. (2011, June). EMDR – Practical applications and different treatment protocols for different needs. Presentation at the 7th International Congress of Cognitive Therapy, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced by Shapiro (1989) as a cognitivebehavioural
therapy for clients with trauma a little over 20 years ago. After an initial period of intense
controversy and scepticism regarding its proclaimed evidence base, EMDR has been studied extensively, its
efficacy has been confirmed (Van Etten & Taylor, 1998; Shepherd et al. 2000, Alto, 2001; Davidson &
Parker, 2001; Maxfield & Hyer, 2002; Bisson & Andrew, 2005; Bradley, et.al., 2005; Bisson, Ehlers,
Matthews, Pilling, Richards, & Turner, 2007) and is one of the effective treatments of PTSD recommended
by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) of the UK Department of Health in March 2005. It has
been estimated (Farrell & Keenan, 2010) that in the United Kingdom and Ireland approximately 6,000
mental health clinicians have been trained in EMDR. Although studies have evaluated EMDR as a distinct
therapeutic modality, during the course of their different levels of EMDR training, clinicians are encouraged
to integrate the EMDR treatment protocol into their predominant therapeutic orientation. Thus, EMDR can
be used across different psychological therapies, including the Cognitive Psychotherapies. While this makes
EMDR a highly versatile modality, it can pose a practical challenge to clinicians in terms of when and how to
integrate EMDR into their work with clients. Further, for therapists not trained in EMDR, the concepts may
seem strange and scepticism may remain to this date.
This workshop seeks to close the gap between false perception and reality about EMDR, by drawing on the
facilitator’s 14 years of practical experience in the use and integration of EMDR alongside her work as a
Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist. This practice-oriented workshop will explore different applications
of EMDR across the trauma spectrum, as well as, some treatment protocols for other client problems. The
important roles of resource installation and interweaves will be introduced. Several forms of bilateral
stimulation (DAS - Dual attention stimulus) and an EMDR-based protocol for the installation of a Safe Place
for complex trauma (Herbert, 2002) will be practically demonstrated.
Learning Objective
• To learn about different EMDR applications both in the treatment of different types of trauma, as
well as, other psychological problems.
• To alleviate scepticism and encourage understanding on how EMDR can be integrated alongside
the Cognitive Psychotherapies.
• To gain some practical exposure on how EMDR is applied.
Training Modality
• Training will be practice-oriented and will include some experiential exercise.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Balbo, M. (2006). EMDR: Uno strumento di dialogo fra le psicoterapie [EMDR: A tool for dialogue among the psychotherapies]. Milano: McGraw-Hill.
Language: Italian
Format: Book
Abstract:
Negli ultimi anni, con l’affermarsi dell’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) come approccio terapeutico consolidato, sono stati formati nel mondo più di 80.000 terapeuti di matrice psicoterapeutica diversa, 1600 soltanto in Italia. Un così ampio interesse per questo metodo potrebbe far rilevare che proprio nell’EMDR i terapeuti, seppure di differente formazione, abbiano ricercato e intravisto uno strumento per poter avviare un dialogo, costruttivo e non soltanto oppositivo, iniziando a considerare la patologia attraverso un nuovo e integrante punto di vista.
Il paradigma dell’Elaborazione Adattiva dell’Informazione messo a punto da Francine Shapiro parte dal presupposto che i fenomeni patologici dipendono da esperienze disturbanti del passato che avviano un modello permanente di emozioni, cognizioni, comportamenti e le strutture di identità che ne conseguono. Il paradigma, pertanto, offre una teoria unificante che può essere considerata come substrato per tutti gli orientamenti terapeutici quando si definisce la patologia come informazione immagazzinata in modo disfunzionale e che può essere adeguatamente integrata attraverso un sistema di elaborazione e risoluzione adattiva, attivato attraverso il protocollo EMDR.
Questo è il primo testo che affronti il tema assai vivo e di attualità dell’integrazione fra i diversi orientamenti psicoterapeutici attraverso un metodo eclettico quale l’EMDR. I contributi degli autori - rappresentanti delle principali scuole di pensiero attualmente presenti nel mondo della psicoterapia italiana - tracciano un percorso di lettura che dimostra come i costrutti teorici e il protocollo EMDR siano compatibili ed efficacemente integrabili con i maggiori nuclei teorici, tradizionali e innovativi. E sono proprio l’elaborazione dei vissuti e i nuovi e più adattivi insight dei pazienti che si attivano attraverso l’approccio EMDR a poter consentire ai terapeuti di capirsi e di utilizzare un linguaggio comune.
In recent years, with l’affermarsi dell’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) as consolidated therapeutic approach have been trained in the world of 80,000 practitioners of different psicoterapeutica array, 1600 only in Italy. A so broad interest for this method could detect that your nell’EMDR therapists, albeit different training, have looked up and saw a tool to be able to start a constructive dialogue and not only oppositivo, beginning to consider the disease through a new and an integral point of view.
The Adaptive Information Processing model paradigm made to point by Francine Shapiro part from the assumption that the pathological phenomena depend on disturbing experiences of the past that initiate a permanent model of emotions, knowledge, attitudes and structures of identity that it entails. The paradigm, therefore, provides a unifying theory that can be considered as a substrate for all therapeutic guidelines when you define the pathology as information stored so dysfunctional and can be adequately integrated through a system of processing and adaptive resolution activated through the EMDR protocol.
This is the first text that tackles the issue very live and topical dell’integrazione between the different psychotherapy guidelines through an eclectic method such as EMDR. Contributions by authors - representatives of major schools of thought are currently in the world of Italian psychotherapy - draw a path of reading that shows how the theoretical constructs and EMDR Protocol are compatible and effectively integrate with the more theoretical, traditional and innovative nuclei. And its elaboration of the living and the new and more adaptive insight of patients that trigger through EMDR to allow practitioners understand you and use a common language.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Weisz, J. R., Hawley, K. M., & Doss, A. J. (2004). Empirically tested psychotherapies for youth internalizing and externalizing problems and disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North American, 13, 729–815. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2004.05.006.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The term psychotherapy has come to be applied to a broad array of nonmedical
interventions designed to alleviate psychologic distress, reduce maladaptive
behavior, or increase deficient adaptive behavior through counseling,
interaction, a training program, or a predetermined treatment plan. Although the
specific term is relatively recent historically, the general idea is ancient. Roots of
psychotherapy can be found in the ageless tradition of helping by listening,
discussing, and questioning. Among the early Greek philosophers, Socrates
developed a method and a thesis that presaged some modern forms of psychotherapy.
His approach involved questioning others to provoke them to examine
their beliefs, with the goal of bringing them closer to truth. His method reflected
his ‘‘midwife thesis,’’ the notion that the philosopher’s role is to deliver the truth
that already is within others, much as the midwife delivers the baby that is within
a mother. This idea, of course, is not so different from the view many modern
therapists have of their own professional roles. Other approaches that fall under the ‘‘psychotherapy umbrella’’ do not involve talk therapies but rather procedures
that parents, teachers, and other adults use to limit disobedient or disruptive
behavior by boys and girls or to help youngsters focus attention or behave less
impulsively. The struggle by adults to shape, manage, and guide youth behavior
certainly predates even the ancient Greeks.
Keywords: Adolescents Externalization Internalization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Hartung, J. G. (2002, September). Energy psychology in the service of EMDR. EMDRIA Newsletter, 7(3), 3-5.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
For some years EMDR has been linked with other more traditional therapies such as “psychodynamic, behavioral, Gestalt, and Adlerian
Life style Analysis” (EMDR Institute, 2002). More recently, the use of EMDR along with energy psychology (EP) techniques has also
been explored. Listed on the agenda of the 2002 EMDRIA annual Conference, for example, were two presentations explicitly referring to
combined uses of EMDR with energy psychology (Phillips, 2002; Yoder, 2002). EP can refer to as many as eight different energy systems (Eden
& Feinstein, 1998). Along with most energy practitioners in the US, I use the term primarily as a synonym for the meridian-based psychotherapies
(Gallo, 1999, 2000; Lambrou & Pratt, 2000), and secondarily as including the chakra system (Fleming, 2001).
Keywords: Energy Psychology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Wagner, F. W. (2007, Februar). Erfolgsgeschichte EMDR, von den ersten experimenten in den USA bis zur wissenschaftlichen Anerkennung in Deutschland [History of the success of EMDR, from the first experiments in the USA to the scientific acceptance in Germany]. Trauma und Gewalt, 1(1), 73-75.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR oder genauer gesagt Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing< ist eine kontrover diskutierte Therapiemethode, die ENDR der 80er Jahre von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro entwickelt wurde und sich gut in die Psychotherapien verschiedener Schulenintegrieren lasst.
EMDR, or more precisely Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is a controversial treatment method that was developed ENDRE the 80 years by the American psychologist Francine Shapiro and led well into the school integration of different psychotherapies.
Keywords: Historical Account
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Silver, S. (2009, August). Ethical issues for EMDR clinicians, consultants, trainers, and researchers. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR, as a psychotherapy, encounters numerous opportunities for issues of an ethical nature. But there are two additional areas that emphasize the need for a clear understanding of ethical conduct for EMDR clinicians, consultants, trainers, and researchers. The first area is the unique quality of EMDR work. Unlike other psychotherapies, to use an example, EMDR therapy may be conducted without the therapist knowing the specifics of the client’s particular experience. The second area is one that is extremely practical in its impact: though EMDR practitioners represent a variety of mental health disciplines, their professional organization, EMDRIA, largely has adopted the ethical code of the American Psychological Association, a code some may not have particular familiarity with. This workshop provides didactic instruction, case discussion, and small group exercises to explore the ethical issues relating to the use of EMDR.
Keywords: Ethics
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Ginger, S. (2008, October). The evolution of psychotherapy in Europe. Presentation at the 5th World Congress of Psychotherapy, Beijing, China.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is a great honour and pleasure for me to have been asked to present a brief overview of
the Evolution of Psychotherapy in Europe at this 5th World Congress of Psychotherapy in China,
in October 2008.
I shall begin with outlining the 5 main categories (mainstreams) of Psychotherapy; then,
recalling some information about Europe itself and its 50 very different countries; after that,
mentioning the development of the main psychotherapies actually practiced in Europe:
psychoanalysis and the different so called “new therapies.” I shall conclude with the sociological
dimension of psychotherapy and the need of specialized training institutes.
Keywords: EMDR History
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Derksen, M. T., & Baeten, B. M. (2009). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in de ziekenhuispsychiatrie: Een stap voorwaarts [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in hospital psychiatry: A step forward]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 51(3).
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is een intensieve vorm van psychotherapie voor mensen die last houden van de gevolgen van een schokkende ervaring. Een deel van de getroffenen 'verwerkt' deze ervaringen op eigen kracht. Anderen ontwikkelen psychische klachten. Juist deze klachten in het hier en nu als gevolg van een schokkende gebeurtenis in het verleden maken de gebeurtenis tot een traumatische gebeurtenis. In 1993 werd emdr in Nederland geïntroduceerd. Na een bloeiende ontwikkeling onder therapeuten die werken met getraumatiseerde patiënten en tegelijkertijd veel wetenschappelijke scepsis, is emdr tegenwoordig vastgesteld als behandeling van eerste keus voor posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss). In de afgelopen jaren werd de procedure verfijnd en evolueerde zij tot een volwaardige therapeutische behandelmethode met protocollen voor verschillende vormen van traumagerelateerde psychopathologie zoals ptss, fobieën, rouw, pijnstoornis, paniekstoornis, somatoforme stoornis en verslaving. Het is een snelle, effectieve therapievorm die zelfstandig of aanvullend binnen de behandeling kan worden gebruikt.
Vorm: Tijdens deze workshop wordt de emdr-procedure in hoofdlijnen uiteengezet. De bijzondere kenmerken en effecten van emdr worden besproken en geïllustreerd met videobeelden van behandelingen van patiënten met traumatische ervaringen in de levensgeschiedenis. Het toepassingsgebied wordt besproken zodat adequaat verwezen kan worden. Er is tijd voor vragen en een interactieve discussie.
Leerdoel: (1) Kennis van de emdr-procedure; (2) kennis van de plaats van emdr binnen de psychotherapie; (3) inzicht in de indicatiestelling van emdr; (4) inzicht in het nut voor psychiaters zich de emdr-methode eigen te maken als welkome aanvulling op bestaande psychotherapieën.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an intensive form of psychotherapy for people to suffer from the effects of a shocking experience. Some of the victims 'process' these experiences on their own. Others develop psychological problems. Precisely these problems in the here and now because of a shocking event in the past to make the event a traumatic event. In 1993, EMDR was introduced in the Netherlands. After a thriving development among therapists working with traumatized patients, while many scientific skepticism, EMDR is now established as the treatment of choice for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In recent years, the procedure was refined and evolved it into a valuable therapeutic approach with protocols for various forms of trauma related psychopathology such as PTSD, phobias, grief, pain disorder, panic disorder, somatoform disorder and addiction. It is a fast, effective form of therapy on their own or within the additional treatment may be used.
This workshop will form the EMDR procedure guidelines put out. The particular characteristics and effects of EMDR are discussed and illustrated with video images of treatment for patients with traumatic experiences in the life. The scope is to be discussed so that appropriate reference. There is a time for questions and interactive discussion.
learning goal (1) Knowledge of the EMDR procedure, (2) knowledge of the location of EMDR in psychotherapy, (3) understand the indications for EMDR, (4) perceptions of the usefulness of psychiatrists to the EMDR method to own make a welcome addition to existing psychotherapies.
Keywords: Hospital Psychiatry
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Servan-Schreiber, D. (2002, July/August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing psychotherapy: A model for integrative medicine. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 8(4), 100-103.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Provides information on eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), one of the most widely studied treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Reliance of the procedure on effective ingredients from well-established psychotherapies; Forms of stimulation used; Integrative approach to the patient-therapist relationship.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Techniques PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Cahill, S., Foa, E., Rothbaum, B., & Resnick, P. (2004, November). First do no harm: Worsening or improvement after prolonged exposure. In A. Maercker & G. Berthold (Chairs), Beyond RCT research: Evaluating cmmon and new treatment components. Symposium conducted at the 20th International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies Conference, New Orleans, LA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
During the past years, PTSD treatment competencies raised tremendously
due to the development and evaluation in randomized controlled trials.
Exposure and cognitive restructuring techniques are basics of a variety of
effective psychotherapies. Our symposium discusses challenges, possible
shortcomings, implications, and new applications of efficacious techniques
(e.g., using the internet).
First do no harm: Worsening or improvement after
prolonged exposure: Despite a substantial body of research accumulated over the 15 years indicating
that exposure therapy programs are highly effective in reducing
PTSD symptom severity and associated anxiety and depression across a
wide range of trauma populations, few therapists utilize this treatment. One
reason offered by therapists for not providing this treatment is their concern
that exposure therapy may result in symptom worsening among individuals
with PTSD (Becker et al., 2003). The purpose of this study was to
investigate the frequency of symptoms worsening and symptom improvement
following Prolonged Exposure (PE), one particular exposure therapy
protocol developed for use in the treatment of PTSD, across five separate
treatment studies (Foa et al., 1991, 1999, in preparation; Resick et al., 2002;
Rothbaum et al., in preparation) and to compare it with other forms of cognitive
behavior therapy (stress inoculation training, cognitive processing
therapy, EMDR) and waitlist controls. Preliminary results based on two of
the five studies (Foa et al., 1999; in preparation) found worsening of PTSD
symptom in less than 1% of participants completing active treatment (N =
162) and 8% of participants completing waitlist (N = 39). PTSD symptom
improvement was found in 90% of participants completing cognitive behavior
therapy (N = 149) compared to 36% participants completing waitlist.
Keywords: Prolonged Exposure Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Pagani, M. (2013, June). Functional and structural neuroimaging and EEG monitoring related to EMDR and CBT treatments for PTSD. Presentation at the 13th annual conference for the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS), Bologna, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In the recent past several neuroimaging studies aimed at evaluating the neural correlates of PTSD-related psychotherapies revealing their neurobiological effects on brain function. Functional studies by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and electroencephalography (EEG) detected changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation patterns, identifying the brain areas implicated in the various components of emotional processing and/or affected by the disorder. Investigations by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have also revealed PTSD-related structural changes.
The first part of the workshop will review the neuroimaging methodologies and findings in PTSD treatment-related research with an extensive review of previous literature on the neurobiological effects of the various psychotherapies. The second part will deal with the description and implementation in research and clinic of neuropsychological testing with brief comments and discussion about their use in recent studies published by our group. In the third part the EEG monitoring of a complete set of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapies in 30 patients suffering of major trauma as compared to 20 healthy controls will be presented. These findings will also be compared to the neurobiological effects of trauma-focussed Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in a second group of psychologically traumatized clients. The results are the first report ever on the neurobiological changes occurring before, during and after PTSD-related psychotherapies shedding light on the neuronal processes underlying their clinical efficacy.
The description and the discussion about the contents of the workshop will provide the audience (1) the necessary information to understand the methodological principles behind neuroimaging techniques (SPECT, EEG and MRI) and their possible applications in research and clinic; (2) the up-dated critical knowledge of the published papers in the field of PTSD-related psychotherapies functional and anatomical studies; (3) the basic research principles and examples to be motivated to start, take part and/or collaborate to functional studies in order to better understand the neural basis of psychotherapeutic techniques. The presented material will represent the state-of-the-art of the current neuroscience PTSD-related research and of the neuroimaging methodologies available at the moment.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Freeman, C., & Power, M. J. (2007). Handbook of evidenced-based psychotherapies: A guide to research and practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
At a time when evidence is everything, the comprehensive Handbook of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies handbook provides a unique, up-to-date overview of the current evidence-base for psychological therapies and major psychological disorders. The editors take a pluralistic approach, covering cognitive and behavioural therapies as well as counselling and humanistic approaches. Internationally-renowned expert contributors guide readers through the latest research, taking a critical overview of each practice’s strengths and weaknesses. A final chapter provides an overview for the future.
Keywords: Evidence-Based Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. O'Donohue, W., & Yeater, E. A. (2003, July). Individuating psychotherapies. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 313-321. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003004.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
One goal of an empirically oriented psychotherapist is to implement the same psychotherapy
across similar clients for a similar specified problem. Adherence to a specified treatment is
imperative when following a treatment manual. In other cases, such as when developing a new
treatment, psychotherapists desire that the intervention be different from those currently available.
To develop new treatments and to substantively increase the arsenal of psychological
“tools” available to alleviate human suffering, criteria by which treatments are judged to be novel
must be developed. The authors discuss criteria to make such delineations. They argue that
psychotherapies are defined by two key properties: (a) a mechanism or mechanisms that causally
produce the treatment’s effects (if any) and (b) a manner or manners of instantiating these mechanisms.
They also argue that if two psychotherapies share these two properties, then they are the
same treatment; if not, they should be considered different treatments.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Heber, R., Linnihan. C., Butler, P., Leighton, J., & Knipe, J. (2003, September). Integrating EMDR and psychoanalytic psychotherapies. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The symposium will explore integration of EMDR into analytic framework and promote a dialogue among clinicians of various orientations. The chair will provide overview and panelists will present three cases representing somewhat different orientations. Issues addressed
will include reason for doing EMDR, timing, ways of introducing and incorporating EMDR, relational considerations, and challenges of identifying and dealing with such phenomena as transference,
countertransference, enactment or resistance. Discussant will provide additional perspective by reframing some analytic constructs in term of
the EMDR trauma-based, information processing model. Second part will consist of audience participation and discussion. Case materials are
invited. Clinicians from all perspectives (analytic, cognitive, etc.) are
encouraged to participate.
Keywords: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Munnukka-Dahlqvist, M. (2004, June). Integrating EMDR in psychotherapy treating complex trauma in a client with previous long-term psychotherapies. In complex traumatisation and EMDR (K. Linder, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Keywords: Complex Trauma Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 39. Lustig, S., Smrz, A., Sladen, P., Sellers, T. D., & Hellman, S. (2000, January-February). It takes a village: Caring for a traumatized art student. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 7(5), 290-298. doi:10.3109/hrp.7.5.290. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder Case Report Child Abuse Cognitive Therapy College Students Drug Therapy European Americans Females Incest Individual Psychotherapy Partial Hospitalization Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Rape Survivors Young Adults Accuracy Verified: Yes 40. Gurel, D. (2010). Kronik aðrý tedavisinde güncel bir
psikoterapotik yaklaþým: Göz hareketleri ile
duyarsýzlaþtýrma ve yeniden yapýlandýrma [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treatment of chronic pain as a contemporary psychotherapeutic approach]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(1), 36-41. Language: Turkish Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Disorders Pain Psychotherapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 41. Bardot, E. (2009). L 'EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). In A. Deneux, F.-X. Poudat, & T. Servillat (Eds.) Les psychothérapies: Approche plurielle (pp. 375-386) Paris: Masson. Language: French Format: Book Section Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 42. Rogers, S. (2002, June). Latest findings in EMDR process research and component analyses. In L. Beutler, Discussant, EMDR research and its future: Ecological validity, process research, outcome findings, and socio-political context (Panel Discussion, June 24) (SPR) Society for Psychotherapy Research, International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Component Analysis Process Research Accuracy Verified: Yes 43. Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team of the Northern Ireland Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (CREST). (2003, June). The management of post traumatic stress disorder in adults. Belfast, Ireland: Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety. Language: English Format: Publication Abstract: Keywords: Treatment Guidelines Accuracy Verified: Yes 44. Farma, T. (2003, May). Memory systems, EMDR and other psychotherapies. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: Memory Accuracy Verified: Yes 45. Agius, M., Middleton, E., & Zaman, R. (2011, January). P02-466 - Audit and re-audit of patients with PTSD in a community team in Bedfordshire, UK. European Psychiatry, 26(1), 1062. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(11)72767-5. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 46. Grant, M. (2001). Pain Control with EMDR: An Information Processing Approach. (2nd ed) Waterloo, ON: TherapistsResources.com. Language: English Format: Book Abstract: Pain Control with EMDR is an 'information-processing' based approach to the psychological management of pain, using Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR). The title of this manual 'Pain Control with EMDR' is meant to suggest that pain can be overcome. But the approach described herein differs significantly from mainstream approaches to pain management. I want to suggest that pain is most effectively controlled when the patient is supported in having their experience, and then learning to master it. Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Control Accuracy Verified: Yes 47. Grant, M. (2002). Pain control with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An information reprocessing approach. Waterloo, ON: Therapists Resources.com. Language: English Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Control Pain Accuracy Verified: Yes 48. Balbo, M. (2006). Percorsi di integrazione delle psicoterapie [Pathways to the integration of psychotherapies]. In M. Balbo (a cura), EMDR: Uno strumento di dialogo fra le psicoterapie [EMDR: A tool for dialogue among the psychotherapies] 1e edizione, (pp. 12-22). Milano, Italy: McGraw-Hill. Language: Italian Format: Book Section Abstract: Practice; Theory Accuracy Verified: Yes 49. Maxfield, L. (2001, March 23). Politicizing psychotherapy. Thunder Bay, Canada: The Globe and Mail, Letter to the Editor, A14. Language: English Format: Newspaper Abstract: Keywords: Letter Accuracy Verified: Yes 50. Sekhon, R. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder and treatment. Rose University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Accuracy Verified: Yes 51. Carruth, B. (2006). Psychological trauma and addiction treatment. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. Language: English Format: Book Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 52. Graca, J., Palmer, G. A., & Occhietti, K. (2010, September/October). Psychotherapeutic interventions for symptom reduction in veterans with PTSD: A nonrandomized study in a residential clinical setting. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Nonrandomized Study Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorer PTSD Residential Clinical Setting Symptom Reduction Veterans Accuracy Verified: Yes 53. Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM). (2004). Psychothérapie, trois approches évaluées [Psychotherapy: An evaluation of three approaches]. INSERM. Retrieved from http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4007323. Language: English Format: Publication Abstract: Keywords: Review Accuracy Verified: Yes 54. Schnyder, U. (2005). Psychotherapies pour les PTSD – Une vue d’ensemble [Psychotherapies for PTSD – An overview]. Psychotherapies, 25(1), 39-52. doi:10.3917/psys.051.0039. Language: French Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Crisis Intervention Interdisciplinary Treatment Approach Multimodal Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Power Therapies Psychotherapy PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 55. Tarquinio, C., Rydberg, J. A., & Oren, E. U. (2012, October). Recent advances in EMDR research and practice (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy). Revue Europeene de Psychologie Appliquee, 62(4), 191. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.09.004. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Editorial Accuracy Verified: Yes 56. Sjöblom, P. O., Andréewitch, S., Bejerot, S., Mörtberg, E., Brinck, U., Ruck, C., & Körlin, D. (2003). Regional treatment recommendation for anxiety disorders. Stockholm, Sweden: Medical Program Committee/Stockholm City Council. Language: English Format: Publication Abstract: Keywords: Treatement Guidelines Accuracy Verified: Yes 57. Benish, S. G., Imel, Z. E., & Wampold, B. E. (2008 June). The relative efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies for treating post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of direct comparisons. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(5), 746–758. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.005.. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Comparison Meta-analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 58. Russell, M. C., Silver, S. M., Rogers, S., & Darnell, J. N. (2007, February). Responding to an identified need: A joint Department of Defense/Department of Veterans Affairs training program in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for clinicians providing trauma services. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(1), 61-71. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.14.1.61. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Americans Empirical Study Mental Health Personnel Military Professional Training United States Department of Defense United States Department of Veterans Affairs Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Training Veterans Accuracy Verified: Yes 59. Sharp, I. R. (2003, August). The role of critical thinking skills in practicing psychologists' theoretical orientation and choice of intervention techniques. Drexel University. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 60. Herbert, J. D. (2003, July). The science and practice of empirically supported treatments. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 412-430. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003008. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Empirically Supported Treatments, ESTs, Evidence-Based Medicine Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Dissemination Accuracy Verified: Yes 61. Zabukovec, J., Lazrove, S., & Shapiro, F. (2000, June). Self-healing aspects of EMDR: The therapeutic change process and perspectives of integrated psychotherapies. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 10(2), 189-206. doi:10.1023/A:1009400317083. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Self-Healing Therapeutic Process Accuracy Verified: Yes 62. Norcross, J. (2003, August). Sociopolitical and psychohistorical factors in acknowledging the effectiveness of EMDR. Presentation at the 111th annual meeting of the American Psycholgical Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: No 63. Saverio, L. I. (2008, June). State of consciousness & paradigm: A comparison between two descriptions of the
processes of change observed in a psychotherapy integrated with EMDR and some contributions
on a unified theory of psychotherapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Conference, London, England UK. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Poster Unified Theory of Psychotherapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 64. Mendes, D. D., Mello, M. F., Ventura, P., Passarela, Cde. M., Mari, J. de J. (2008). A systematic review on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry Medicine, 38(3), 241-259. doi:10.2190/PM.38.3.b. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Comparative Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Systematic Review Accuracy Verified: Yes 65. Russell, M. C., & Silver, S. M. (2007, September). Training needs for the treatment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A survey of Department of Defense clinicians. Traumatology, 13(3), 4-10. doi:10.1177/1534765607305440. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Mental Health Personnel Military Psychiatry Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Training PTSD United States Department of Defense Accuracy Verified: Yes 66. Siracusano, A., & Niolu, C. (2006, Settembre-Dicembre). Trattamento farmacologico del - Disturbo post-traumatico da stress [Drug treatment of - post-traumatic stress disorder]. NÓOς, 12(3), 243-276. Language: Italian Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Comorbidity Hypnosis Peritraumatic Dissociation Psychological Debriefing Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 67. Zantvoord, J. (2012, November). Trauma focused psychotherapies from a neurodevelopmental perspective: fMRI and
physiological pilot outcome data from a RCT conducted in the Netherlands with children
suffering from PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 28th annual meeting of the ISTSS, Los Angeles, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children, fMRI Netherlands Neurodevelopment Pilot Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Control Trial RCT Accuracy Verified: Yes 68. Manfield, D. C. (1998). Treating a highly defended client: reworking traditional approaches. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st ed.) (pp. 217-231). New York: Norton. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Adults Americans Anxiety Disorders Case Report Defense Mechanisms Life Experiences Male Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 69. Peterson, G. (2003, November). Treating DID with energy psychotherapies. Presentation at the 20th International Society for the Study of Dissociation Fall Conference, Chicago, IL. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Energy Psychology Energy Therapies Accuracy Verified: Yes 70. Fisher, N. (2010, April). Treatment options for combat veterans with PTSD. Poster presented at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Veterans Accuracy Verified: Yes 71. Hurley, E. C. (2012, February 5). Veterans and PTSD treatment. Huffinton Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/e-c-hurley-phd/ptsd-military_b_1250216.html 2/5/2012. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Blog Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Veterans War Accuracy Verified: Yes 72. Schnyder, U. (2005, June). Why new psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder?. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 74(4), 199-201. doi:10.1159/000085142. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavior Therapy Eclectic Psychotherapy Editorial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Therapy PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes
The goal of this paper is to examine one therapy process in order to explore what resources EMDR treatment can provide to complex traumatized clients with previous long-term therapies. How important is the role of mind/body connection? How could it be best observed and taken into consideration when deciding on therapeutic choices during difference phases in psychotherapy? This case raises also the following questions: When it is best to use EMDR? How do the therapist and client know when the client is ready for EMDR? How can clients learn to feel, become aware of their own bodies, observe their body sensations and label these observations? What is the importance of these skills before using EMDR? How do EMDR protocols work in this context?
Case: This client had been severely traumatized in childhood and also in adult life. She came to EMDR treatment with own question: “Have I ever been able to feel anything?” She had been in different psychotherapies, but her body was not ready for EMDR and she could not regulate emotions. She had good ego strength. This presentation shows how the therapy process progressed and it includes a therorectical discussion.
It is possible to integrate different kinds of therapies. Previous “traditional talking therapies” can give to the client the necessary ego strength, boundaries and make it easier to build a therapeutic relationship. Since trauma-related syndromes split the mind and body, it is necessary to address what occurs in the body, just as it is equally necessary to use words to make sense of and describe an experience. E
One of the fascinating developments in mental health care in the last decade has been the appearance of specific psychotherapies for various psychiatric illnesses. Perhaps the best known of these is dialetical behavior therapy (DBT), pioneered by Linehan and colleagues for borderline personality disorder and consisting of rigorous group and individual cognitive-behavioral therapy within an empathetic and validating psychotherapy setting. Another is eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), described by Shapiro and coworkers as a treatment for PTSD and other anxiety disorders.The following case study involves a patient in a team-treatment setting who benefitted significantly from the use of DBT and EMDR, as well as a complex psychopharmacology regimen, after receiving an extensive battery of psychological tests. The clinicians who were involved with the patient will discuss the aspects of her care for which they were responsible. We do not endeavor to isolate which modality was the "right" one; rather, we are looking at the manner in which each potentiated the others. [Introduction] [Pilots]
Klinik psikoloji alanında ağrıya ilişkin çalışmalar son yıllarda gittikçe artmaktadır. Önceleri kronik ağrının psikolojik boyutlarına yönelik model oluşturmaya ağırlık verilirken daha sonraları tedaviye yönelik psikoterapotik yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine odaklanılmıştır. 1987 yılında Klinik Psikolog olan Francine SHAPİRO, istemli ve sistematik olarak yapılan göz hareketlerinin, olumsuz ve rahatsız edici düşüncelerin yoğunluğunu azalttığı tezinden hareketle Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden Yapılandırma-Eye Movement Desensitization and Repocessing (EMDR) tekniğini geliştirmiş. İki yıl boyunca etkinliğini araştırmak üzere çalışmalar yapmıştır. EMDR ilk olarak, savaş stresi, taciz, doğal afetler veya çocukluk döneminde yaşanan üzücü olaylar gibi rahatsız edici yaşam deneyimlerinin neden olduğu duygusal sorunların iyileştirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Daha sonraları fobi, performans kaygısı, panik bozukluk, beden algısı bozukluğu, çocuklardaki travma belirtileri, yas, dermatolojik bozukluklar, fantom organ ağrısı ve en son olarak da kronik ağrı tedavisinde kullanılmış oldukça çarpıcı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Aşağıdaki yazıda ülkemizde henüz yeni yeni yaygınlaşan bu tekniğin tedavi rasyoneli ve uygulaması hakkında kısa bir bilgi sunulmaktadır. Özünü bilgi işleme yaklaşımlarından ve davranışın nöropsikolojik temellerinden alan EMDR Tekniğin in kronik ağrıyı açıklanma biçiminin zenginliği yanı sıra tedavideki sıra dışı başarısının önümüzdeki yıllarda psikoterapi alanında daha çok ilgi yaratacağı düşünülmektedir.
Psychological treatment studies in pain disorders have greatly increased in recent years. The focus was first on the development of theories and models related to chronic pain. However, main focus has been on the development of therapeutic approaches which are effective in the treatment of chronic pain. In 1987, Clinical Psychologist Francine Shapiro developed the novel Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR ) technique based on the idea that voluntary and systematic eye movements could effectively decrease the intensity of negative and disturbing thoughts and has since then been undertaking research on the topic. EMDR was first used in post-travmatic stres disorders as a result of wars, rape, earthquake and childhood abuse to deal with the emotional disturbaunces of problematic life experiences. It later started to encompass phobias, performance anxiety, panic attacks, body-image disorders, trauma symptoms in children bereavement, skin diseases, phantom limb pains and lastly chronic pain treatment with striking results. This paper consists of brief information on the underlying principles and application procedures of EMDR. This technique is mainly based on both information processing and neuropsychological approaches. EMDR has comprehensive approaches to explain the reasons for chronic pain. It seems most likely that the technique will prove widespread to be of great interest within the area of psychotherapies.
Les pratiques psychothérapiques se sont multipliées au cours des dernières décennies. On dénombre actuellement dans le monde près de 400 types de psychothérapies. Cette diversité peut entretenir un flou croissant autour de ces approches avec un risque d'amalgame ou de repli sur telle ou telle référence exclusive. Afin d'éviter ce risque et d'orienter les étudiants et les thérapeutes, ce livre propose de présenter les principaux courants psychothérapiques : psychanalytique, cognitivo-comportemental, systémique et stratégique. Le lecteur sera sensibilisé pour chacun des courants à leur histoire, aux enjeux théoriques et psychopathologiques, à la spécificité de la clinique, à la question des indications. Des portraits de personnalités marquantes scandent la présentation de chaque courant, apportant un éclairage biographique. L'ambition est de saisir la pluralité des champs mais également leurs complémentarités car au-delà des spécificités théoriques et techniques, on identifie un certain nombre d'invariants et de facteurs communs au processus psychothérapique. Cet ouvrage espère ainsi contribuer à un mouvement de décloisonnement et de partage des richesses et ressorts des grands courants, dans un esprit d'exigence et de respect mutuel. Des thérapeutes d'horizons et de références différents seront ainsi sensibilisés à la diversité de ces courants et pourront mieux poser les indications d'autres approches que la leur.
Psychotherapeutic practices have proliferated in recent decades. There are currently around the world nearly 400 types of psychotherapy. This diversity can sustain a growing uncertainty around these approaches with a likelihood of confusion or retreat on any particular exclusive reference. To avoid this risk and to guide students and therapists, this book proposes to present the mainstream psychotherapy: psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, systemic and strategic. The reader will be sensitized to each of their common history, theoretical issues and psychopathology, the specificity of the clinic, when asked for directions. Portraits of personalities punctuate the presentation of each course, providing lighting biography. The ambition is to capture the diversity of their fields but also complementary because beyond the specific theoretical and technical, it identifies a number of invariants and common factors in the psychotherapeutic process. This book hopes to contribute to a movement of deregulation and wealth sharing and springs from the mainstream, in a spirit of care and mutual respect. Therapists backgrounds and different references are well aware of the diversity of these streams and can better ask directions other than their own approaches.
EMDR has gained recognition as an effective PTSD treatment, with effects comparable to prolonged exposure or combinations of exposure with cognitive restructuring. Attempts to dismantle EMDR have led some reviewers to conclude that the eye movements are an inert treatment component and that EMDR is simply a form of exposure therapy. However, several studies have shown that eye movements are associated with decreased subjective distress during treatment sessions, decreased vividness and emotionality of mental imagery, decreased physiological arousal and enhanced episodic memory. These findings have implications for clinicians who are interested in ‘ease of useEas well as treatment outcome. They also have implications for the habituation/extinction model of anxiety reduction. Limitations of the group design approach to the dismantling of psychotherapies will be discussed, along with the results of two recently completed studies.
Of all the psychotherapies, EMDR and CBT were stated to be the treatments of choice for trauma victims.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder which can develop following exposure to one or more severely traumatic events. Symptoms experienced by PTSD suffers include re-experiencing the trauma through intrusive ‘flashbacks’ and recurrent dreams or nightmares, distress when exposed to reminders of the trauma, hyperarousal and emotional blunting. These symptoms can cause significant impairment of function and reduction in quality of life for suffers. Both psychotherapies, including cognitive behavioural therapies (CBTs) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), and pharmacotherapy are used in the treatment of PTSD.
Method
We audited patients with PTSD in Bedford East performed in November 2008. A re-audit was performed using data from August 2010 patient database. Demographic information, risk factors, co-morbidities, psychological therapy and pharmacotherapy were compared between these audit and re-audit.
Results
There is increased use of antidepressant augmentation between 2008 and 2010. While no patients in 2008 were on antidepressant augmentations, by 2010, 9 patients were. All 25 patients on anti-psychotics have important identified risk factors. There is no evidence of Psychosis in our PTSD patients except in two cases. There is an increase in Anti-psychotic use in our PTSD Patients. There is an increased use of Mood Stabilisers in our patients with PTSD.
Discussion
PTSD is being identified more frequently in our patients, probably because of greater awareness and more accurate identification.
Conclusion
New patients being identified represent a group of more difficult to treat patients who represent severe risks. Present psychotherapies offered are not all recommended in present guidelines.
Information processing approaches are based on a model of learning that incorporates emotion, cognition, and neurological processes. Some psychotherapies seek to help the patient cope with their pain, but information processing approaches (e.g., EMDR, EEG biofeedback) seek to change the way the patient experiences their pain, by changing the way it is stored in the nervous system. Information processing approaches to seek to do this by appealing as directly as possible to the nervous system.
This manual is divided into two parts, between theory and practice. Part one is a review of historical ideas and treatments for pain, in order to gain an appreciation of how history still shapes how we approach this problem. In part two the practicalities of treating chronic pain using EMDR are described.
Pain Control with EMDR is an 'information-processing' based approach to the psychological management of pain, using Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR). The title of this manual 'Pain Control with EMDR' is meant to suggest that pain can be overcome. But the approach described herein differs significantly from mainstream approaches to pain management. I want to suggest that pain is most effectively controlled when the patient is supported in having their experience, and then learning to master it.
Information processing approaches are based on a model of learning that incorporates emotion, cognition, and neurological processes. Some psychotherapies seek to help the patient cope with their pain, but information processing approaches (e.g., EMDR, EEG biofeedback) seek to change the way the patient experiences their pain, by changing the way it is stored in the nervous system. Information processing approaches to seek to do this by appealing as directly as possible to the nervous system.
This manual is divided into two parts, between theory and practice. Part one is a review of historical ideas and treatments for pain, in order to gain an appreciation of how history still shapes how we approach this problem. In part two the practicalities of treating chronic pain using EMDR are described. (Revision)
In Less Than Meets The Eye (letter - March 16), Timothy Moore and James Alcock stated that EMDR's "enormous popularity as a treatment for anxiety disorders appears to have greatly outstripped the research evidence adduced for its efficacy." Although it is indisputable that the reasons for the effectiveness of eye-movement therapy (and all psychotherapies) are currently unknown, there is little debate about its efficacy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder. The only psychotherapies recognized by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies for treating PTSD are cognitive behavioural therapy and EMDR.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and treatment
Abstract: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have been estimated to affect about 8 to 9% of the world population. Research has shown that PTSD occurs in 25% of persons who have been exposed to a traumatic stressor. It has occurred in 35-92% of those who have experienced rape, 65% of those who have endured a nonsexual assault, and 30% of Vietnam veterans. In 1980, the definition of PTSD was created and counsellors were at a loss of how to treat this disorder. Presently, treatment for this disorder is still being developed. This paper conducts a literature review on therapies for PTSD and available studies of their effectiveness. Most psychotherapies for PTSD focus on the reprocessing of traumatic memory, through cognitive or exposure strategies. These treatments include various cognitive behavioural therapies such as exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), psychoanalytic, as well as multimodal combinations of therapies. Research has shown that some of these interventions have produced favourable results in providing relief of symptoms to victims of PTSD. The current discussion found that therapies such as cognitive and exposure have been successful in decreasing symptoms of PTSD; certain therapies were found to be more successful than others with clients who suffered from specific trauma-inducing events.
Important reading for current and future addictions treatment clinicians--this book synthesizes and integrates the expanding body of knowledge about combined trauma/addiction treatment to specifically address the needs of clinicians in addiction treatment environments
Here, in a single source, is an essential overview of trauma treatment for people in addiction treatment settings. Psychological Trauma and Addiction Treatment presents specific methodologies and techniques for clients in inpatient and outpatient addiction/mental health settings. The contributors--leading clinicians and researchers in the field--provide a comprehensive set of scientific treatment approaches addressing a broad spectrum of trauma disorders.
Psychological Trauma and Addiction Treatment brings you up-to-date, authoritative coverage of:
The dynamics of co-occurring psychological trauma and addiction
All of the primary treatment frameworks currently utilized in trauma treatment
Treatment frameworks that take gender into account
Cognitive therapies in treating these co-occurring disorders
The role of psychodynamic psychotherapies in treatment
Attachment disorders and their relation to trauma and addiction treatment
EMDR as a treatment for traumatized addicts
The psychoneurology of trauma and the implications of psychoneurology in addictions and trauma treatment
How self-help groups can contribute to and limit recovery for psychologically traumatized clients
Forgiveness therapy as an adjunct to trauma treatment
Counselor self-care for those who work with this client population
Ultimately, this is a book of hope. Every author in this text has a firm belief that people with co-occurring trauma and addiction can recover, can maintain quality relationships, can confront life's challenges as they arise, and can be happy and fulfilled. Psychological Trauma and Addiction Treatment is designed as essential reading for entry-level and experienced addiction counselors, social workers, professional counselors, psychologists, and others working in the trauma treatment field.
Posttraumatic stress dlsorder (PTSD) is the most serious and prevalent of the
mental disorders among returning United States combat veterans. As veterans who
have sewed in Iraq and Afghanistan join the ranks of combat veterans from prior
conflicts the need and availability of evidence-based treatments tor PTSD is
increasing. Three psychotherapies for PTSD consistently have been identified in
recent meta-analyses as evidence-based treatments for PTSD. Results of the
analyses indicate that trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (CPT), exposurebased
therapy (PE) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are
effective. International treatment guidelines for PTSD have the same consensus
regarding EMDR, PE and CPT as treatments of choice for PTSD (e.g., APA, 2004;
Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense (DoD). 2004).
This document presents a review of the work of the expert group convened by Inserm through the collective expert evaluation procedure to answer the questions raised by the General Directorate of Health (Direction générale de la santé, DGS) on the evaluation of psychotherapies.
It is based on the scientific information available as at the last six months of 2003. The documental base for this expert evaluation consisted of approximately 1,000 articles and documents.
The Inserm collective expert evaluation centre co-ordinated this collective work with the Department for facilitation and scientific partnership (Département animation et partenariat scientifique, Daps) to instruct the dossier and with the documentation service of the department for scientific information and communication (Département de l’information scientifique et de la communication, Disc) for the literature search.
Depuis le diagnostic du syndrome de stress post-traumatique (SSPT) a été introduit dans le DSM-III en 1980, une variété d'approches psychothérapeutiques ont été développées pour résoudre les problèmes et besoins spécifiques des patients traumatisés. Le succès du traitement du SSPT a besoin d'un bien pensée sur l'attitude thérapeutique. Le thérapeute doit trouver une position équilibrée entre les sur-identification et de se détourner de l'impuissance. Une attitude la recherche de sensations doivent être évités de même que le risque de traumatisme du fait d'autrui. Dans de nombreux cas, le SSPT peut pas être traité suffisamment par la psychothérapie seule: un plan complet de traitement multi-modal peut comprendre pharmacothérapeutique, les interventions physiques, sociaux, juridiques et autres. Les premières interventions psychothérapeutiques au lendemain d'un événement traumatique suivre les règles d'intervention de crise (immédiateté, l'accent sur les problèmes actuels de limitation de temps). Une attention particulière devrait être accordée aux questions de développement d'une relation de confiance thérapeutique, en créant une atmosphère de sécurité, aider le patient à reprendre le contrôle de et / ou se distancier de souvenirs intrusifs. traitements de désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement (EMDR) et d'autres «pouvoir» peut offrir un soulagement rapide des symptômes. Après un traumatisme collectif, des débriefings psychologiques sont largement utilisés, bien que la preuve de leur utilité dans la prévention de l'ESPT est discutable. Chez les patients porteurs chroniques du SSPT, le psychothérapeute ne devrait pas travailler exclusivement sur l'événement traumatique et ses séquelles: le traitement doit être orientée vers l'avenir plutôt que par le passé. Au lieu de l'exploration, le thérapeute devrait essayer d'activer les ressources des patients et les aider à trouver un nouveau sens à leur vie future. Il ya un besoin urgent d'soigneusement conçus, randomisés, études d'intervention contrôlée sur l'efficacité de l'intervention précoce chez les patients gravement traumatisés et la mi-aux psychothérapies à long terme chez les patients souffrant de PTSD chronique. En outre, les études futures devraient inclure les approches psychodynamiques, ainsi que des protocoles de traitement multimodal, et d'élaborer des critères d'évaluation cliniques plus sophistiqués. (Base de données PsycINFO Record (c) 2008 APA, tous droits réservés)
Since the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was introduced in DSM-III in 1980, a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches have been developed to address the specific problems and needs of traumatised patients. Successful treatment of PTSD requires a well thought-out therapeutic attitude. The therapist must find a well-balanced position between over-identification and turning away out of helplessness. A sensation-seeking attitude should be avoided as should the danger of vicarious traumatisation. In many instances, PTSD cannot be treated sufficiently by psychotherapy alone: a comprehensive, multi-modal treatment plan may include pharmacotherapeutic, physical, social, legal, and other interventions. Early psychotherapeutic interventions in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event follow the rules of crisis intervention (immediacy, focus on the current problems, time limitation). Special attention should be paid to the issues of developing a trusting therapeutic relationship, creating an atmosphere of safety, helping the patient to regain control over and/or distance himself from intrusive recollections. Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and other "power therapies" can offer quick relief from symptoms. After collective traumatization, psychological debriefings are widely used, although the evidence for their usefulness in preventing PTSD is questionable. In patients with chronic PTSD, the psychotherapist should not work exclusively on the traumatic event and its sequelae: treatment should be oriented towards the future rather than the past. Instead of exploring, the therapist should try to activate the patients' resources and help them to find new meaning in their future life. There is an urgent need for carefully designed, randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effectiveness of early interventions in acutely traumatized patients and of mid- to long-term psychotherapies in patients suffering from chronic PTSD. Furthermore, future studies should include psychodynamic approaches as well as multimodal treatment protocols, and elaborate more sophisticated clinical endpoints. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Since 1989, several publications have brought evidence for the
effectiveness of Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR) therapy, particularly for the treatment of post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD). Initially designed to treat individuals who
had experienced trauma, this approach has since evolved to include
applications to the treatment of several other psychopathological
disorders. The discovery of EMDR may be compared — relatively
speaking — to that of penicillin by Alexander Fleming: we can only
acknowledge its effectiveness without necessarily understanding
what goes on in the brains of the individuals who have been healed.
And it is indeed a question of healing. Something happens, something
of which the late David Servan Schreiber said with humour
that it should earn a Nobel Prize one day. But we should not make
of EMDR what it is not. It is not a treacle. In 1923, Janet wrote
about certain psychotherapies: “One may recall on the subject of
these general psychotherapies the memory of an old medicine,
which played a considerable role during the Middle Ages, the treacle.
It was a universal medicine that one could use for all possible
occasions, because all known active substances were included hundredfold.
All this was given to the patient in the hope that the
illness, whichever it was, would find something suitable in this
mixture. The therapeutic methods, which I have just studied, seem
identical to a sort of psychological treacle, evoking a jumble of psychological
phenomena and calling upon all mental operations in
all sick people, whatever their ailment, hoping that each one will
find something suitable within this hodgepodge” (Janet, 1923, p. 64,
author’s translation). One should take care to not fall into such a
trap.
Of all psychotherapies CBT and EMDR are recommended as treatments of choice for PTSD.
Psychotherapy has been found to be an effective treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but meta-analyses have yielded inconsistent results on relative efficacy of psychotherapies in the treatment of PTSD. The present meta-analysis controlled for potential confounds in previous PTSD meta-analyses by including only bona fide psychotherapies, avoiding categorization of psychotherapy treatments, and using direct comparison studies only. The primary analysis revealed that effect sizes were homogenously distributed around zero for measures of PTSD symptomology, and for all measures of psychological functioning, indicating that there were no differences between psychotherapies. Additionally, the upper bound of the true effect size between PTSD psychotherapies was quite small. The results suggest that despite strong evidence of psychotherapy efficaciousness vis-à-vis no treatment or common factor controls, bona fide psychotherapies produce equivalent benefits for patients with PTSD.
An earlier study of federal Department of Defense mental health professionals found relatively few trained in the psychotherapies for PTSD previously identified as effective by both this department and the federal Department of Veterans Affairs. In response to that need, a training program for one of the psychotherapies, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), was implemented utilizing personnel from these federal departments with assistance from a nonprofit agency. This article presents an evaluation of that program with rating data gathered from participants as well as treatment outcome data from the application of the training to patients. The program was highly rated by the participants and the impact of EMDR treatment was significant. Suggestions for similar programs and for further research are offered. [Author Abstract]
Over the past two decades, professional psychology has witnessed a growing
movement towards the utilization of psychotherapies that have empirical support.
Despite this development, therapies that have not been empirically supported
continue to experience widespread use. Concurrently, a collection of novel
interventions, known as Power/Energy therapies (P/ET’s), has emerged. Although
these therapies are based on questionable theoretical foundations and enjoy little or no
empirical support, their popularity with clinicians appears to be strong and growing.
There is scant research examining individual differences with respect to the practice
habits of professional psychologists. The present study examined whether critical
thinking skills are a factor in psychologists’ choice of therapeutic interventions,
including their use of P/ET’s. As hypothesized, participants who reported using a
number of techniques from Power and Energy therapies scored significantly lower on
a measure of critical thinking skills. Also as hypothesized, individuals who reported
using a number of cognitive-behavioral techniques scored significantly higher on the
measure of critical thinking skills. Implications and suggestions for future research
are discussed.
Despite impressive gains over the past three decades in the development and evaluation of empirically
supported psychotherapies, such treatments are not used widely by front-line practicing
clinicians. In an attempt to address this science-practice gap, efforts have turned recently to constructing
lists of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) and disseminating information about
these treatments to professionals and the public. This effort has been met with criticism, however,
by both practitioners, on one hand, and psychotherapy researchers on the other. The current
procedures for identifying ESTs are critically reviewed, and recommendations are offered to
improve the scientific viability of the process. It is argued that lists of ESTs are viewed most productively
as one step toward the development of best practice guidelines.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (Shapiro 1989a, 1989b, 1995) is an innovative, comprehensive approach to psychotherapy. While EMDR's use of eye movements has attracted a great deal of attention, the efficacy of the EMDR method can be explained parsimoniously in terms of many different types of therapy. Lang's (1985) information processing networks provide a way to understand the Accelerated Information Processing model proposed by Shapiro to explain EMDR. A representative EMDR session is presented to illustrate the integrative components of EMDR's procedural elements and the range of clinical effects. Therapeutic changes seen as a result of self-healing using EMDR are discussed from the perspectives of other psychotherapeutic approaches in order to understand the contribution of EMDR to the psychotherapy integration movement.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has been mired in intense controversy since its inception. Initial claims of its efficacy were probably exaggerated, but many researchers continue to outright dismiss its positive outcome data. Indeed, the ongoing debate over the effectiveness of EMDR recapitulates the developmental history of validating many psychotherapy systems. This presentation reviews sociopolitical considerations in interpreting and acknowledging the outcome research on EMDR. These considerations include paradigm strain, early restrictions on EMDR training, the timing of controlled research vis a vis clinical applications, initial failure to place EMDR into existing theories, its application to disorders beyond trauma, and the use of ?eye movements? in its title. Dispassionate reviews generally find the clinical results of EMDR with PTSD to be equivalent to exposure methods in fewer sessions, but the research community has failed to embrace these conclusions. Needed are critical openness to new psychotherapies, familiarity with the published data, and a responsibility to evaluate the effectiveness of any therapeutic innovation.
This presentation compares two different descriptions: Paradigm and State of Consciousness, of the changes,
observable in a psychotherapy integrated with EMDR, to establish which of the two descriptions is the most likely
and consistent. Applying the method of the double description it will seek to identify contributions that may be
25
useful for the construction of a Unified Theory of Psychotherapy. At first, attention is focused upon the necessity
to construct a bridge-language between the different dialects of psychotherapies. Short specialized definitions,
such as Paradigm and State of Conscience, could be examples of the complex concepts, here denominated
synthetic �t� metaphors, transtheorical or Tran disciplinal, to be researched for constructing a common language
between the plurality of psychotherapies. Some implications of the methodological innovation carried on by
EMDR in psychology, psychotherapy, and in other disciplines are then analysed and proposed. In particular, the
easy integration of traditional psychotherapeutic methodologies with EMDR and the discovery of new target of
psychotherapy, have led to looking at all psychological activities in terms of a spatial metaphor. On the basis of
this a general map of the psychological territories of �sapiens sapiens� has been drafted. This general map is
divided in two main areas: A -the psychological territories of the individual, B -the psychological territories of the
species, This species map has some specific characteristics; since �sapiens sapiens� are social animals, their
relations have clear functions of social and environmental group interface too. These maps will be illustrated. In
its original meaning, the definition of Paradigm will be found within the maps and consequently analysed in its
variations. The amplified theory of State of Conscience will be presented and analysis, similar to the previous
one, will be carried out. A description of EMDR, that may be useful for implementing its understanding, will be
proposed at the end.
The title link is to an Introduction in Italian.
Objective: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most common psychotherapy approach for the treatment of PTSD. Nevertheless, previous reviews on the efficacy of several types of psychotherapy were unable to detect differences between CBT and other psychotherapies. The purpose of this study was to conduct systematic review on the efficacy of CBT in comparison with studies that used other psychotherapy techniques. Method: Databases were searched using the following terms: posttraumatic stress disorder/stress disorder, treatment/psychotherapy/behavior cognitive therapy, randomized trials, and adults. Randomized clinical trials published between 1980 and 2005 and that compared CBT with other treatments for PTSD was included. The main outcomes were remission, clinical improvement, dropout rates and changes in symptoms. Results: The 23 clinical trials included in the review comprised 1,923 patients: 898 in the treatment group and 1,025 in the control group. CBT had better remission rates than EMDR (RR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.16; 0.79; p = 0.01) or supportive therapies (RR = 0.43; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.74; p = 0.002, completer analysis). CBT was comparable to Exposure Therapy (ET) (RR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.58; 1.40; p = 0.64), and cognitive therapy (CT) (RR = 1.01; 95%CI: 0.67; 1.51; p = 0.98) in terms of efficacy and compliance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that specific therapies, such as CBT, exposure therapy and cognitive therapy are equally effective, and more effective than supportive techniques in the treatment of PTSD.
In 2004, the United States Departments of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Defense jointly published clinical-practice guidelines for posttraumatic stress disorder (CPG-PTSD). These identified 4 psychotherapies for PTSD: cognitive therapy, eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing, exposure therapy, and stress inoculation therapy. One hundred thirty-seven mental-health professionals employed by the military or the VA were surveyed as to whether they used any of these psychotherapies and the extent of their training in them. Ninety percent of respondents reported not using any of the 4 psychotherapies. Of those who did, most had received their training before their affiliation with the military, and only a handful had training in the specific use of psychotherapy with PTSD. The lack of available, CPG-identified, effective psychotherapies is discussed as a barrier to treatment, as are possible reasons the psychotherapies are not used. A brief description of a training program is provided along with suggestions for the future.[Author]
Complesso caratteristiche sintomatologiche del disturbo. Qui troviamo, mescolati tra loro, i sintomi
di ansia, panico, depressione, dissociazione, evasione, deterioramento della memoria. La Società per traumatica
Stress Studies (ISTSS) le linee guida suggeriscono alcuni passi: da un debriefing psicologico top
e la terapia cognitivo-comportamentale (CBT), seguita dal trattamento farmacologico e di alcuni altri
approcci: tecniche psico-sociale e riabilitativo, il movimento degli occhi desensibilizzazione e rielaborazione
(EMDR), ipnosi, psicoterapia di coppia e di gruppo, psychothery psicoanalitico. Nel
ultimi anni, molti dati dalla ricerca fornire consulenza per l'avvio forte CBT e farmacologiche
trattamento subito dopo il trauma (entro 72 ore) solo per gestire dissociazione peritraumatico, ad alto rischio
fattore per lo sviluppo di PTSD. Inoltre, quando si avvicina al trattamento del PTSD, è
importante prendere in considerazione altre comorbidità con asse I e II e con disturbi abuso di sostanze.
Complex symptomatological features of the disorder. Here we find, mixed up together, symptoms
of anxiety, panic, depression, dissociation, avoidance, memory impairment. The Society for Traumatic
Stress Studies (ISTSS) guidelines suggest some steps: on the top psychological debriefing
and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), followed by pharmacological treatment and some other
approaches: psychosocial and rehabilitative tecniques, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR), hypnosis, couple and group psychotherapies, psychoanalitic psychothery. In the
last years, many data from the research give strong advice for starting CBT and pharmacological
treatment soon after trauma (within 72 hours) just to manage peritraumatic dissociation, high risk
factor for the development of PTSD. Moreover, when approaching to the treatment of PTSD, it’s
important to consider comorbidity with other axis I and II disorders and with substance abuse.
Neurobiological treatment outcome studies in adults with PTSD have shown that successful treatment is
associated with changes in activity of frontal brain areas and the amygdala, brain areas which are
involved in fear conditioning and extinction. Frontal brain regions undergo considerable maturation
during childhood and adolescence and only reach anatomical and functional maturity well within the
third decade of life. In this light, results obtained in neurobiological studies in adults can’t be readily
translated to children and adolescents. Neurobiological treatment outcome studies in children with
PTSD are thus required, yet are almost nonexistent to date. Neurobiological treatment outcome studies
addressing the mechanism involved in treatment response or non response can contribute to improve
treatment strategies for non responders especially for treatment non responders and in time help
clinicians to tailor treatment for individuals with PTSD.
In this part of the symposium we will present treatment outcome data of our neurobiological pilot study
conducted in children with PTSD in the Netherlands. Children aged 8 to 18 with PTSD were randomly
assigned to receive either 8 sessions of manualized Trauma Focus cognitive behavioral therapy or EMDR.
fMRI data of a working memory task with emotional distracters and physiological data obtained during
script driven imagery will be presented. Treatment outcome results will be placed in a
neurodevelopmental framework.
Several key points emerge for consideration when treating the highly defended client with EMDR, in particular clients whose primary defenses are distancing ones. The first is to carefully gauge the client's level of functioning, the depth of therapeutic alliance, and the client's perceived sense of safety. These factors determine the appropriateness of EMDR, and presuming that, the style and directiveness of the clinician.Secondly, the use of EMDR with highly defended clients may require a directiveness that exceeds the basic protocol designed by Shapiro. Once the therapeutic alliance has been established, the clinician must balance, while being sensitive to, the client's need for control over the therapeutic process, hopefully avoiding unproductive periods of defensive distancing. This balance and sensitivity, inherent in all effective treatments and psychotherapies, is particularly important when the modality is as potent and emotionally evocative as EMDR can be. The case of William illustrates the risks in a directive approach, such as initiating EMDR too early, promoting a withdrawing or angry transference, or choosing the wrong cognitions. Knowing your client well and securing an effective working alliance is crucial to success. [Text, pp. 230-231]
In this review I explored the most effective treatment options available for military veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Specifically, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy was examined. Psychotherapy encompassed cognitive behavioral therapy, emotional desensitization and reprocessing and exposure therapy. Pharmacotherapy included selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, novel antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Meta analyses, literature reviews and research experiments formed the basis for the comparisons between treatments. The main findings include that the psychotherapies cognitive behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and the pharmacotherapy selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most superior treatments for veterans with PTSD.
Learning Outcomes
Delegates will learn about the variables which make treating combat veterans with PTSD different than other groups with PTSD. In terms of treatment, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic options will be examined. Delegates will leave the presentation aware of what current research states on treatment efficacy of CBT, EMDR, Exposure Therapy, Antidepressants and Anxiolytics.
Many veterans never dreamed of needing help coping with life following combat deployments. While the impact of surviving in a combat zone has left many veterans seeking help in overcoming posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there have been significant advances in treatment. An overview of available therapy approaches for PTSD can enhance a veteran's treatment options. There are three evidenced-based psychotherapies researched with veterans and recognized to be effective in the treatment of combat-related PTSD. Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Prolonged Exposure (PE), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are all accepted as being effective treatment approaches. Each form of therapy has the potential to make a positive difference in the lives of veterans who are treated. Since each therapy addresses specific treatment issues, veterans should know that if one treatment has not worked well for them, other options are available in your ]community. [Excerpt]
The efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be regarded as empirically demonstrated. Overall, effect sizes seem to be higher for psychotherapy as compared with medication. Psychotherapy for PTSD includes the following approaches: cognitive-behavioral therapy; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR); psychodynamic therapy; and brief eclectic psychotherapy. Treatment for PTSD should not focus exclusively on specific symptoms such as flashbacks and avoidance, but on basic life changes and existential questions as well, since such issues are of relevance for patients who suffer from chronic PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)