Francine Shapiro Library ~ EMDR Bibliography

Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links

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Your Results - you searched for the keyword Process Oriented Psychotherapy 1639 Results

1. マーフィ重松, 村川治彦 [Shigematsu Mafi, and Murakawa Haruhiko]. (2001年12月). 第4巻トラウマ治療のためのＥＭＤＲ [EMDR treatment for trauma, Volume 3]. 心理療法のための日本語研究所：東京 [Japanese Institute for Psychotherapy: Tokyo].

Language: Japanese

Format: Video

Abstract:
ＥＭＤＲ（眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法）は認知的、行動的、精神力動的、生理学的、相互作用的といった主要な心理療法の様々な要素を含む複雑な治療的アプローチである。これまで眼球運動の刺激の面だけが注目を集めてきたが、ＥＭＤＲには８つの段階の介入法があり、クライアントが比較的落ち着いた状態のままできるだけ短い期間で深く総合的な治療の効果をあげることを目指している。

EMDR (and re-treatment of eye movement desensitization) is a cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and therapeutic approaches for a complex variety of elements such as the main interactive psychotherapy. The plane had just paid attention to this eye movement stimulation, EMDR has a eight-step interventions, the overall effect of treatment remains deeply as possible in a short period comparatively calm clients It aims to give.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. Furlani, F. (2006, Maggio). Dentro la relazione: L’Alleanza terapeutica dalla ricerca alla pratica clinica [In the report: The therapeutic alliance research into clinical practice]. Presentazione alla Conferenza Nazionale, Associazione per l'EMDR in Italia, Firenza, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nella presentazione verrà esposta l’evoluzione di un protocollo di ricerca in psicoterapia che considera l’andamento dell’alleanza terapeutica e del clima emotivo tra paziente e terapeuta, confrontati con la situazione clinica del paziente. Verranno inoltre presentati i primi dati di una ricerca condotta con gli stessi criteri e che prevede l’osservazione di psicoterapie con approccio terapeutico EMDR e di psicoterapie con approccio cognitivo-costruttivista. Le indicazioni ottenute saranno discusse attraverso riflessioni e stimoli per la ricaduta pratica.

In the presentation will be outlined the evolution of a research protocol that considers the trend in psychotherapy and emotional climate of the therapeutic alliance between patient and therapist, compared with the clinical situation of the patient. Will also be presented the first data of a survey conducted by the same criteria and requiring compliance with therapeutic approach to psychotherapy and EMDR psychotherapy with cognitive-constructivist approach. The indications obtained will be discussed through reflections and stimuli for relapse practice.

Keywords: Cognitive-Constructivist Approach Research Protocol Therapeutic Alliance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. Tsuchimochi, S. (2010, July). The possibility of EMDR use with juvenile delinquents. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of EMDR use with juvenile delinquents, such as improvements of physical and mental mal-adjustment, emotion control, self-recognition and attitudes toward others. It also examined under which conditions in the judicial proceedings, it is possible to apply the EMDR therapy to juveniles. Methods: Three delinquents whose cases were in the Family Court process, were selected as participants in view of effectiveness, safety and validity. The measurement scales are as follows: (a)IES-R, (b)the Life Gram ( a wavy line drawn by the participant to describe one’s own life from the birth to present in the range of +10 and -10.), (c)SUDs, VOC, (d)self-reported impression by the participant, and (e)observation by the writer. Self-tapping on knees under the instruction by the writer was used as the bilateral stimulation. Each participant was interviewed four or five times during 4 weeks. Baseline measurements were done on 1st or 2nd interview, while post measurements were done on 4th or 5th interview after the EMDR session was held on 3rd or 4th time. Results: Results showed clear improvements by one EMDR intervention in two cases out of three. Insufficient care could be the reason for the absence of improvement with one participant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the EMDR is effective for the improvements of the various symptoms and problems of the juvenile delinquents, if being properly applied on the certain guidelines set for them.

Keywords: Juvenile Delinquents Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Wieland, S., & Baita, S. (2009, November). "Blank" ...Using EMDR with children who dissociate. Presentation at the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Washington, DC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Dissociation is a common response for children who experience abuse, severe neglect, or extreme disorganized attachment. EMDR can help (1) increase a child´s sense of safety and stability, (2) decrease disconnection between aspects of self, and (3) process trauma. While the part of the child existing in the `now´ may be aware of safety, the younger or infant part of the child to whom trauma occurred often is not aware of present safety. This younger part which continues in fear disrupts the child´s functioning. Ideas will be presented for using EMDR to increase knowledge of present safety across the child´s dissociative system as well as recognizing where safety may not exist. Use of EMDR for building secure attachment with child and parent, processing triggers, increasing the child´s connection between dissociative states, and processing both explicit and implicit memories will be described. Dissociative children are often difficult to work with. Ideas will be given for adapting EMDR for use with these highly volatile, dissociative children. The importance of recognizing and acknowledging dissociation when it appears within the child´s EMDR processing will be emphasized. This workshop is appropriate for therapists already trained in EMDR. Numerous case examples will be given.

Keywords: Children Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Trobisch-Lutge, S. (2010, July). "I am a consequential damage of detention" - Protreacted non-determinability in the reconstruction of traumatic experiences in the descendants of victims of political persecution byt the SED dictatorship in the GDR. Symposium (Samin Karim, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The descendants of the political persecution by the SED dictatorship in the GDR are in many ways involved in the history of the persecution of their parents. 20 years after the “Wende” the reconstruction of parental distress is distinguished by a high degree of protracted non - determinability. The descendants own traumatic experiences often join fragmented, unsettling memory segments of the parental generation. Confusing persecution practices of the Stasi have often caused grave personal uncertainties and as a consequence, have spread doubts until today about the reliability of autobiographical memories. Internal decision making and processing while living under the conditions of a dictatorship - which included how to deal with their own children, and the external influences of the persecuted parental generation are, from the viewpoint of the descendants, difficult to distinguish from each other. A successful EMDR treatment is - in case of the emotional distress of the descendants of political traumatised people - connected to a process of resolving perplex memory contents. Perpetrator-victim-collusions, which are often found in affected families, add to a concatenation of cumulative traumatic events. The non - determinability in the reconstruction of traumatic experiences cause the formation of traumatic complexes which negatively influence future events in the life of the descendants. Based on interview details of a qualitative study with descendants of victims of political persecution by the SED dictatorship in which the possibilities of handling the more difficult determination of initial traumatic events are discussed. By means of this the author clarifies the central themes of a disconcerting reconstruction of the victim’s parental and own biography.

Keywords: GRD Political Persecution SED Dictatorship Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Seltzer, A. (2011, June). "I stood by a river“ – Integrating EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy in the treatment of torture survivor. Presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
I will be presenting the case of an Iranian refugee in the UK who was imprisoned for many years in Iran and subject to prolonged torture. I will discuss the use of integrated EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy in his treatment, and outline how standard treatments need to be adapted in the case of trauma arising from human rights abuses.

Keywords: Iran Prisoners Refuges Sensorimotor Psychotherapy Survivors Torture

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Oz, S. (2005). The "wall of fear": The bridge between the traumatic event and trauma resolution therapy for childhood sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14(3), 23-47. doi:10.1300/J070v14n03_02.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A multitude of published books and papers on child sexual abuse (CSA) describe symptoms, long-term effects, and therapy for survivors of abuse. However, the parallels between the nature of the sexual trauma event(s) as originally experienced by the victim and the therapeutic process into which the survivor later becomes engaged have not been reported. This paper attempts to fill that gap and proposes that the concept of a "Wall of Fear" is the bridge connecting the two. In the first part of the paper, a model of the CSA experience based upon Furniss will be explained in order to point out the basis for the dissociation and other symptomology demonstrated by the CSA victim. Following that, the stages of therapy will be mapped out, with special attention to the concept of the Wall of Fear and traumatic memory resolution (abreactions) and with reference to the experience of the original traumatic events. Therapist fear of decompensation will be addressed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Child Abuse Rape Survivors Effects Psychotherapeutic Processes Adults Body Psychotherapy TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. フランシーンシャピロ, マーゴット・シルクフォレスト, 市井雅哉 (翻訳) [Shapiro, F., and Forrest, M. S. (Ichii Masaya translator)] (2006年2月). トラウマからの解放:EMDR [EMDR: The breakthrough therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress and trauma]. 大阪：Nikeisha.

Language: Japanese

Format: Book

Abstract:
EMDR、または眼球運動脱感作と再処理、目の動きやハンドタップなどのリズミカルな刺激を利用して外傷の犠牲者を治療するための新しい非伝統的な、非常に短期的な治療法です。シャピロ氏は、臨床心理学者と仲間のアプローチを開発したカリフォルニア州パロアルトで、精神研究所で、これのようにわずか3として90分EMDRセッションは、患者の無効化の不安を軽減した例が報告されます。彼女は1987年に技術を開発する方法説明して、シャピロ氏は、治療について説明しますように機能するかについて、なぜ研究を支援し引き合いに出して推理。彼女はリズミカルな刺激は、プロセスのジャンプに固有の起動することを示唆していると、それらはとても自然治癒を始めることが立ち往生している外傷体験の処理を開始して犠牲者を有効にするには脳の情報処理システムを加速させます。ライターForrestは手法の有効性を実証する数多くのEMDRトレーニングを積んだセラピストによるケーススタディを掴んで提示？とりわけ、心的外傷後ストレスとベトナムのベテランは、夜の恐怖、レイプ被害者の母親と子供もほぼ悲しみに麻痺息子の死の翌年。他の研究は、終末期の患者の成功を支援麻薬中毒者を報告する。

EMDR, or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, is a new, nontraditional, very short-term therapy for treating trauma victims that utilizes rhythmical stimulation such as eye movements or hand taps. Shapiro, a clinical psychologist and fellow at the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, Calif., who developed the approach, reports cases in which as few as three 90-minute EMDR sessions have relieved patients' disabling anxiety. Explaining how she developed the technique in 1987, Shapiro describes the treatment, theorizes about why it works and cites supporting research. She suggests that the rhythmical stimulation inherent in the process jump starts and accelerates the brain's information processing system to enable the victims to begin to process the traumatic experiences in which they have been stuck so that natural healing can begin. Writer Forrest presents gripping case studies from numerous EMDR-trained therapists to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique?among others, a Vietnam veteran with post-traumatic stress, a child with night terrors, a rape victim and a mother still nearly paralyzed with grief a year after her son's death. Other studies report success helping drug addicts and the terminally ill.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. 崎尾英子 [Sakio Eiko]. (1999). ポストモダン時代の精神療法 ―EMDR施行中の脳波と身体感覚が示唆するもの― [Psychotherapy in postmodern era: EEG findings and sensations during EMDR]. こころの臨床ア・ラカルト, 18(1), 15-24 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 18(1), 15 -24).

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: EEG Findings

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. محمد نريمانی * و سوران رجبی [Narimani, M., Ahari, S. S., & Rajabi, S.] (2010, Winter). مقايسه تاثير روش حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) با درمان شناختی ـ رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس [Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy therapeutic methods for reducing anxiety and depression of Iranian combatant afflicted by post traumatic stress disorder]. مجله علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، واحد پزشکی تهران، 19 (4), 236-245 [Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, 19(4(58)), 236-245].

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به ماهيت علامت محوربودن درمان دارويی، از روش های درمانی حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) و شناختی- رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس پس از ضربه (PTSD) استفاده می شود. هدف اين مطالعه بررسی تفاوت تاثير دو روش درمانی EMDR و CBT در اختلال استرس است. روش بررسی: در اين مطالعه مورد شاهدی 51 رزمنده مبتلا به PTSD بستری در بيمارستان ايثار اردبيل يا ساکن در شهر اردبيل به روش نمونه گيری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسيم شدند.روش مطالعه، آزمايشی گسترش يافته و طرح تحقيق از نوع پيش آزمون ـ پس آزمون چندگروهی بود. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل آزمون خاطره های آزاردهنده، مقياس براشفتگی ذهنی، مقياس شناخت واره های مثبت و مقياس اضطراب و افسردگی بيمارستانی بود. يافته ها: روش های درمانی EMDR و CBT باعث کاهش معنی داری در متغيرهای خاطره های آزاردهنده، اضطراب و افسردگی و برآشفتگی ذهنی شد و ميزان اعتماد به شناخت واره مثبت به طور معنی داری افزايش يافت. روش درمانی EMDR در مقايسه با CBT در کاهش علايم PTSD رزمندگان ايرانی موثرتر بود، با اين وجود هر دو روش در کاهش علايم اين اختلال موثر بودند. نتيجه گيری: با توجه به اثر درمانی EMDR و CBT در درمان PTSD، پيشنهاد می شود به منظور پيشگيری و کاهش علايم اختلال استرس پس از سانحه جنگ در رزمندگان ايرانی از روش های درمانی فوق در مراکز درمانی استفاده شود.

Background: According to symptom oriented of drug therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were increasingly used. The aim of this study was to compare effects of EMDR and CBT in acute stress. Materials and Methods : In this case-control study of 51 combat PTSD patients admitted to hospital or residing in the sacrifice of Ardabil Ardabil simple random sampling were selected randomly divided into three groups. Methods, expanded testing and research design type were tested before Chndgrvhy test. Test tools used included disturbing memories, anger scale, mental, cognitive scale Varh positive and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results : EMDR and CBT treatments significantly reduced the variables disturbing memories, anxiety and depression and mental frustration and level of confidence in recognizing the positive Varh significantly increased. EMDR therapy compared with CBT in reducing PTSD symptoms was more effective Iranian combatants, however, both methods were effective in reducing symptoms of this disorder. Conclusion : According to the therapeutic effect of EMDR and CBT in treating PTSD, is recommended to prevent and reduce symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder in war veterans of the Persian mentioned therapies used in treatment centers.

Keywords: Anxiety Anxiety Disorders CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Depressive Disorders Iranians Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. محمد نريماني ، سوران رجبي [Narimani, M., & Rajabi, S.] (2009). مقايسه ي تأثير روش حساسيت زدايي توأم با حركات چشم و پردازش مجدد در درمان اختلال استرس (CBT) با درمان شناختي رفتاري (EMDR) [Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy methods in the treatment of stress disorder]. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad University - Tehran Medical Branch, 19(4), 236-245.

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به ماهيت علامت محوربودن درمان دارويي، از روش هاي درماني حساسيت زدايي توأم با حركات چشم و استفاده مي شود. هدف اين (PTSD) در درمان اختلال استرس پس از ضربه (CBT) و شناختي- رفتاري (EMDR) پردازش مجدد در اختلال استرس است. CBT و EMDR مطالعه بررسي تفاوت تأثير دو روش درماني بستري در بيمارستان ايثار اردبيل يا ساكن در شهر اردبيل به PTSD روش بررسي:در اين مطالعه مورد شاهدي 51 رزمنده مبتلا به روش نمونه گيري تصادفي ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفي به سه گروه تقسيم شدند.روش مطالعه، آزمايشي گسترش يافته و طرح تحقيق از نوع پيش آزمون پس آزمون چندگروهي بود. ابزارهاي مورد استفاده شامل آزمون خاطره هاي آزاردهنده، مقياس برآشفتگي ذهني، مقياس شناخت واره هاي مثبت و مقياس اضطراب و افسردگي بيمارستاني بود. باعث كاهش معني داري در متغيرهاي خاطره هاي آزاردهنده، اضطراب و افسردگي و CBT و EMDR يافتهها: روش هاي درماني CBT در مقايسه با EMDR برآشفتگي ذهني شد و ميزان اعتماد به شناخت واره ي مثبت به طور معني داري افزايش يافت. روش درماني رزمندگان ايراني مؤثرتر بود، با اين وجود هر دو روش در كاهش علايم اين اختلال مؤثر بودند. PTSD در كاهش علايم پيشنهاد مي شود به منظور پيشگيري و كاهش علائم اختلال ،PTSD در درمان CBT و EMDR نتيجهگيري: با توجه به اثر درماني استرس پس از سانحه جنگ در رزمندگان ايراني از روش هاي درماني فوق در مراكز درماني استفاده شود.

Background: According to symptom oriented of drug therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were increasingly used. The aim of this study was to compare effects of EMDR and CBT in acute stress. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, 51 combatants with PTSD hospitalized in Isar Hospital of Ardabil province or were inhabited in Ardabil were randomly divided to three groups. The method was extended test method and study design was multi-group test-retest. Used tools included boring memories test, subjective units of distress or anxiety (SUD) scale, validity of cognitions (VOC) scale and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results: EMDR and CBT significantly decreased boring memories, mental distress, anxiety and depression, and also increased positive cognition. Although both EMDR and CBT caused significant reduction of anxiety and depression, EMDR was superior to CBT in reduction of PTSD symptoms of Iranian combatants. Conclusion: Regarding efficacy of EMDR and CBT in the treatment of PTSD , it is suggested to prevent and decrease symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Keywords: Anxiety Depression CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Subjective Units of Distress SUD Validity of Cognition VOC

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. 朱品潔 [Chu Pin-Chieh, & Zhu Pinjie]. (1999). 個人失落與EMDR之介入：個案研究 [EMDR of personal loss and intervention: A Case Study]Educational Psychology and Counseling]. National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Taiwan.

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
本研究的目的是探索的眼動脫敏和再處理（EMDR）的干預治療結果與個人的損失。通過深入了解客戶的主觀經驗和在整個治療過程中不斷變化的課程，研究人員打算證明 EMDR的治療 efficaciously幫助客戶克服個人損失的創傷，重拾信心和活力。研究人員採訪了客戶端是誰願意分享他的生活和EMDR的治療經驗，通過一個半結構化的問卷。與客戶的許可，研究人員已經獲得了客戶的臨床記錄。有條不紊地綜合各種數據後，研究人員已開發出的情況下提出的生活經驗和客戶端的EMDR的治療干預的描述。研究者分析了廣義的數據，客戶端的適應性應對整個 EMDR的治療過程，並討論了從精神科醫生和其他輔導員干預的影響。（作者摘要）

The purpose of this study is to explore the treatment outcomes from the intervention of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with personal loss. Through in-depth understanding of the client’s subjective experiences and changing courses throughout the entire therapeutic process, the researcher intends to prove that EMDR therapy has efficaciously helped the client overcome the trauma from personal loss and regain confidence and vitality. The researcher has interviewed a client who is willing to share his life and EMDR therapy experiences through a semi-structured questionnaire. With the client’s permission, the researcher has obtained the client’s clinical records. After methodically synthesizing the various data, the researcher has developed a case description presenting both the life experience and the intervention of EMDR therapy of the client. The researcher has analyzed the data, generalized the client’s adaptive coping processes throughout EMDR therapy and discussed the effects from the psychiatrist’s and other counselors’ interventions. (Author's abstract)

Keywords: Case Study Dissociation Personal Loss

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. 陈维樑 [Chen Wei-Liang]. (2008, 年10月[October]). 复杂哀伤,EMDR和“人格结构性解体”理论 [Complicated grief, EMDR and the "structural disintegration of personality" theory]. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress for Psychotherapy, Beijing, China.

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the "Structural Dissociation of the Personality" as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various aspects of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the "Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality". The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different aspects of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. (Presented in English)

Keywords: Complication Grief Personality Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. [Chang Sue-Hwang, & Lin C.-P.]. （2004年9月）. 從快速眼動到EM在EMDR的：跳視眼球運動和變化的語義關係的強度 [From REM to EM in EMDR: Saccadic eye movements and change of strength of semantic associations]. 在提交的文件第43次年度會議在台灣心理學會，研討會焦慮症：心理素質，調解員和治療問題。政大大學，台北，台灣，9月26日。（國科會92 -2815- C型002 -072- H）的 [Presentation at the 43rd Annual Conferences on Taiwan Psychological Association, Symposium on Anxiety Disorders: Diatheses, Mediators and Therapeutic Implications. Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan, September 26. (NSC 92-2815-C-002-072-H)].

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
研讨会焦虑症：糖尿病，调解员和治疗的影响;（国科会92 - 2825 -架C - 002 - 072 - H）的研究背景及目的：本研究从快速眼动睡眠的眼动脱敏和再加工（EMDR）治疗的可能机制依赖内存后处理模型（夏皮罗，1995年; Stickgold，2002年）的建议，通过睡眠诱导活化的弱协会在REM国家和新兴市场在联想记忆改变运作为REM睡眠融入一般语义记忆创伤的情节记忆。该协会的新兴市场对语义变化的影响后，跳视眼球运动是双边审查了本研究。方法：22名大学生被招募参加者。通过语义启动的任务，一个2（眼球运动情况：水平跳视眼球运动主场迎战没有眼球运动）× 2（语义关联的强度：强主场迎战弱）因子之间的题目设计进行审查的EM在变化的影响强度为否定词的语义联想。为负的刺激弱协会primeability改变反对强者来，根据不同的电磁环境进行了比较。结果：2 × 2方差分析结果表明了显着的主要电磁效应和电磁×语义联想实力显着交互作用，显示弱吸大大超过了强大的电磁吸后，而恰恰相反后非统。结论：研究结果呼应快速眼动睡眠相关记忆加工模式，认为在EMDR电磁可能反映了联想记忆系统通过激活不同的语义相关的词负语义节点协会不同强度的转变。对心理治疗的可能性和未来研究的结果所造成的影响进行了讨论。

Symposium on Anxiety Disorders: Diabetes, Mediators and Therapeutic Implications; (NSC 92-2825-C-002-072-H) Research background & aims: This study examined possible therapeutic mechanisms of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) from REM-sleep dependent memory reprocessing model (Shapiro, 1995; Stickgold, 2002) that proposed that sleep induced change in associative memory via activation of weak association during REM state and EMs functioned as REM sleep to integrate the episodic memory of trauma into general semantic memory. The effect of EM on change of semantic associations after saccadic bilateral eye movements was examined in the present study. Methods: Twenty two college students were recruited as participants. Via semantic priming task, a 2 (eye movement condition: horizontal saccadic eye movements vs. no eye movements) × 2 (strength of semantic association: strong vs. weak) between subject factorial design was performed to examine the effect of EM on change of strength of semantic association for negative words. Change of primeability of weak associations for negative stimuli as opposed to that of strong ones under different EM conditions was compared. Results: The 2 × 2 ANOVA showed a significant main effect for EM and a significant interaction effect of EM × strength of semantic association, indicating that weak priming significantly exceeded strong priming after EM, while the opposite was true after non-EM. Conclusions: The results echoed REM-sleep dependent memory reprocessing model, suggesting that EM in EMDR might reflect a shift in associative memory systems by activating different strength of associations of negative semantic nodes for different semantically related words. The implications of the results for psychotherapy and future research possibilities are discussed.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD REM REM-Sleep Dependent Memory Reprocessing Model Saccadic Eye Movement Semantic Association Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. 菅原正和・田山淳 [Masakazu Sugawara, Shihoko Ashizawa, and Jun Tayama]. (2000). 心理療法におけるEMDR(Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)のメカニズム(I) : EMDRプロトコルの刺激条件に関する生理心理学的検討 [The organic mechanisms of EMDR in psychotherapy (I): An analysis of stimulous conditions on EMDR protocol]. 教育、岩手県、60の大学（1）、1-9学部研究年報 [Annual report of the Faculty of Education, University of Iwate, 60(1), 1-9].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Mechanisms of Action

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. 大河原美以 [Mii Ogawara] (2010年1月). 感情制御の発達不全とその回復--嘔吐経験がトラウマとなった小学生事例の治療経過から (第1土曜特集原始感覚と情動--生体防御系としての情動機構とその破綻) [Under developed affect regulation and therapeutic process: Case reports of the children who were traumatized by the experiences of vomiting]. 医学のあゆみ 232(1), 33-37 [History of Medicine, 232(1), 33-37].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Elementary School Emotional Regulation Vomiting

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. 市井雅哉 , 吉川久史 [Ichii Masaya, & Yoshikawa Hisashi] (2010). 教育講演 EMDR:外傷記憶を処理する心理療法--子どもへの適用,特に自閉症圏の子どもへの適用について (第50回日本児童青年精神医学会総会特集(1)スローガン:螺旋--共生社会への歩み) [Educational lecture: EMDR: The psychotherapy processing traumatic memories, applying to children, especially to autistic children] . 児童思春期精神医学日本誌、51（3）、275〜280 [Japanese Journal of child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Adjacent Areas, 51(3), 275-280].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Autism Children Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. 遊佐安一郎 [Yusa Yasuichiro]. (1999). 新しい加速的な短期でしかも統合的な精神療法 EMDR −創始者、 Francine Shapiro, Ph.D.を訪ねて [Integrative psychotherapy, which is also, newly accelerated: in short-term: EMDR – visiting its founder, Francine Shapiro, Ph.D. ]. こころの臨床ア・ラカルト、18（1）、 93-97 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 18(1), 93-97] .

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Practice Theory Visit

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. 阿津川令子 [Atsukawa Reiko] (2003年3月). 新しい心理療法--EMDR(眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法) [New psychotherapy - EMDR (and re-treatment with eye movement desensitization)]. 追手門学院大学大学心理学評論（11）、27から34 [Otemon Gakuin University Psychological Review, (11), 27-34].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. 孙海霞，杨蕴萍 [Sun Hai Xia, Yang Yun Ping]. (2004, August). 眼动脱敏与再加工治疗现状 [The psychotherapy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. 中国临床心理学杂志，2004，12（3）：324 [Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12(3), 324-326].

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
眼动脱敏与再加工(Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ,以下简称EMDR) 由Francine Shapiro 于1987 年创立,最初仅为眼动脱敏( EMD) ,1991 年发展为眼动脱敏与再加工,其中眼动脱敏仅是EMDR 中双侧刺激的一种,而双侧刺激是EMDR 操作中众多组分的一部分。EMDR 是一种整合的心理疗法,它借鉴了控制论(cybernetics) 、精神分析、行为、认知、生理学等多种学派的精华,建构了加速信息处理的模式,帮助患者迅速降低焦虑,并且诱导积极情感、唤起患者对内的洞察、观念转变和行为改变以及加强内部资源,使患者能够达到理想的行为和人际关系改变[1 ] 。本文拟对EMDR 的有关机理与实践应用作一综述。

(Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, hereinafter referred to as EMDR) Francine Shapiro in 1987 by the creation of an initial eye movement desensitization only (EMD), 1991 years of development for the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, which EMDR eye movement desensitization only in a bilateral stimulation, and EMDR bilateral stimulation is part of the operation of many components. EMDR is an integrated psychological therapy, which draw on the control theory (cybernetics), psychoanalysis, behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and other schools of the essence of information processing to speed up construction of the model, to help patients rapidly reduce anxiety, and induce positive affect, arouse patients insight into the internal, the concept of change and behavior change and the strengthening of internal resources, so that patients can achieve the desired changes in behavior and interpersonal relationships [1]. This paper about the mechanism of EMDR reviews the application and practice.

Keywords: Mechanism of Action Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. 陳致豪 [Chen Chih-Hao]. (2004). 眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效 [The efficacy of eye movement and positive cognition components of EMDR in the treatment of cockroach phobia]. 國立台灣大學心理學研究所 [National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Psychology].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
陳致豪眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效
眼動減敏訊息再處理法（Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; EMDR）是Shapiro（1989a, 1989b）所發展的一套治療方法，最早被用來治療創傷後壓力疾患（post traumatic stress disorder; PTSD，後來也被認為對其他心理疾患具有療效。雖然Shapiro認為眼動程序可以加速訊息處理並降低個案的焦慮與困擾，不同治療變項的療效仍待由控制性研究法進一步釐清。本研究以部分減除（dismantling）的方式，運用實驗法來探討「眼動」與「正向認知」對懼蟑症治療效果的影響。藉2（有眼動、無眼動）× 2（正向認知、減敏延長）受試者間設計，探討單一治療次對懼蟑症者的治療效果。受試者為自大樣本篩選出的40名懼怕蟑螂的大學女生。研究結果顯示治療程序的主要效果顯著，四組的療效相當。在治療階段中，受試者主觀害怕程度、對負向認知之相信程度皆呈顯著的線性下降；對正向認知之相信程度則僅眼動組呈顯著線性上升。雖然生理指標（心跳速率）在前測時顯著較基線時高，而在後測時回復至接近基線水準，但就微觀歷程分析，治療階段中各組之心跳速率變化為，在第一階段內逐漸上升，階段間休息時心跳速率略為降低，在第二階段開始又逐漸上升。本研究結果亦顯示，就微觀的治療歷程（micro process）而言，在正向認知的治療情境中，僅眼動組的受試者對正向認知之相信程度逐漸提高。在治療效果上，雖曝露法（exposure）本身便具有療效；但眼動能夠進一步促進受試者第二階段中正向認知的相信程度（可能藉由促進訊息處理）。就巨觀的療效指標而言，雖然單一治療次在各組皆有顯著的療效，但是正向認知對療效的影響無組別差異，該療效指標可能需要較多的治療次始能反映出來。本研究亦就研究結果所顯示的意義與未來的研究方向提出討論

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989a, 1989b) was initially used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and later has been thought to be effective in treating other psychological disorders also. Shapiro suggested that eye movement procedure could accelerate information processing and further reduced the client’s anxiety and disturbance. However, psychotherapy evaluation regarding crucial therapeutic parameters awaits elucidation. This dismantling study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of eye movement and positive cognition on phobias. Specifically, via a 2×2 between subject design, with “eye movement/non eye movement” and “treatment process” being two independent variables, a total of 40 female university students with fear of cockroaches were screened and recruited from introductory psychology class to explore the treatment effect of those two components. The results showed that, according to macro therapeutic indices, the effect of therapy was significant, and was not significantly different among groups. As to micro treatment process, while the participants’ SUDs decreased linearly, and so did the negative cognition VOCs, the positive cognition VOCs increased linearly only for the eye movement condition. In addition, while for macro index, the physical index, heart rate, was significantly higher at pre-test than at baseline and returned to baseline at post-test, the process measures indicated that heart rate increased during the first treatment stage, returned during rest period, and increased again during the second treatment stage. According to the micro process, the results also suggested that when presented with positive cognition participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions increased only for the eye movement condition. As to the therapeutic effects, although exposure by itself might be effective, eye movement could further promote participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions at the second treatment stage, probably by facilitating information processing. Nonetheless, regarding macro therapeutic index, there were equal therapeutic effects across groups within one-session therapy, and the superiority of positive cognition installation remained obscure, which implied that to become obvious more sessions might be called for. The implications of the present results and further research possibilities are postulated.

Keywords: Cockroach Phobia Eye Movement Phobia Positive Cognition Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. 陳致豪張素凰 [Chen Zhi-Hao, & Chang Sue-Hwang]. (2004年9月). 眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效國立台灣 [The efficacy of eye movement and positive cognition components of EMDR in the treatment of cockroach phobias]. 紙發表於第43屆年會台灣心理學會會議上，研討會焦慮症：心理素質，調解員和治療問題。政治大學，台北，台灣 [Presentation at the 43rd Annual Conferences on Taiwan Psychological Association, Symposium on Anxiety Disorders: Diatheses, Mediators and Therapeutic Implications. Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan].

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
眼動減敏訊息再處理法（Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; EMDR）是Shapiro（1989a, 1989b）所發展的一套治療方法，最早被用來治療創傷後壓力疾患（post traumatic stress disorder; PTSD，後來也被認為對其他心理疾患具有療效。雖然Shapiro 認為眼動程序可以加速訊息處理並降低個案的焦慮與困擾，不同治療變項的療效仍待由控制性研究法進一步釐清。本研究以部分減除（dismantling）的方式，運用實驗法來探討「眼動」與「正向認知」對懼蟑症治療效果的影響。藉2（有眼動、無眼動）× 2（正向認知、減敏延長）受試者間設計，探討單一治療次對懼蟑症者的治療效果。受試者為自大樣本篩選出的40 名懼怕蟑螂的大學女生。研究結果顯示治療程序的主要效果顯著，四組的療效相當。在治療階段中，受試者主觀害怕程度、對負向認知之相信程度皆呈顯著的線性下降；對正向認知之相信程度則僅眼動組呈顯著線性上升。雖然生理指標（心跳速率）在前測時顯著較基線時高，而在後測時回復至接近基線水準，但就微觀歷程分析，治療階段中各組之心跳速率變化為，在第一階段內逐漸上升，階段間休息時心跳速率略為降低，在第二階段開始又逐漸上升。本研究結果亦顯示，就微觀的治療歷程（micro process）而言，在正向認知的治療情境中，僅眼動組的受試者對正向認知之相信程度逐漸提高。在治療效果上，雖曝露法（exposure）本身便具有療效；但眼動能夠進一步促進受試者第二階段中正向認知的相信程度（可能藉由促進訊息處理）。就巨觀的療效指標而言，雖然單一治療次在各組皆有顯著的療效，但是正向認知對療效的影響無組別差異，該療效指標可能需要較多的治療次始能反映出來。本研究亦就研究結果所顯示的意義與未來的研究方向提出討論。

[Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989a, 1989b) was initially used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and later has been thought to be effective in treating other psychological disorders also. Shapiro suggested that eye movement procedure could accelerate information processing and further reduced the client’s anxiety and disturbance. However, psychotherapy evaluation regarding crucial therapeutic parameters awaits elucidation. This dismantling study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of eye movement and positive cognition on phobias. Specifically, via a 2×2 between subject design, with “eye movement/non eye movement” and “treatment process” being two independent variables, a total of 40 female university students with fear of cockroaches were screened and recruited from introductory psychology class to explore the treatment effect of those two components. The results showed that, according to macro therapeutic indices, the effect of therapy was significant, and was not significantly different among groups. As to micro treatment process, while the participants’ SUDs decreased linearly, and so did the negative cognition VOCs, the positive cognition VOCs increased linearly only for the eye movement condition. In addition, while for macro index, the physical index, heart rate, was significantly higher at pre-test than at baseline and returned to baseline at post-test, the process measures indicated that heart rate increased during the first treatment stage, returned during rest period, and increased again during the second treatment stage. According to the micro process, the results also suggested that when presented with positive cognition participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions increased only for the eye movement condition. As to the therapeutic effects, although exposure by itself might be effective, eye movement could further promote participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions at the second treatment stage, probably by facilitating information processing. Nonetheless, regarding macro therapeutic index, there were equal therapeutic effects across groups within one-session therapy, and the superiority of positive cognition installation remained obscure, which implied that to become obvious more sessions might be called for. The implications of the present results and further research possibilities are postulated.]

Keywords: Cockroach Phobia Eye Movement Phobia Positive Cognition Psychotherapy Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. 張素凰、 [Chang Sue-Hwang]. (2008年3月). 眼球運動中的作用機制 EMDR的治療：證據為基礎的研究 [Role of eye movements in the therapeutic mechanisms of EMDR: Evidence-based research]. 論文發表於2008年TACP（台灣臨床心理學協會）年度會議（第三次大會），專題討論會以證據為基礎研究在台灣第1節心理障礙，3月8-9日，政治大學，台北，台灣。（國科會91 -2413 - H型009 -鹽度-;國科會92 -2413 - H型002 -024-;國科會93 -2413 - H型002 -002-） [Presentation at the 2008 TACP (Taiwan Association of Clinical Psychology) Annual Conference (Third General Meeting), Symposium on Evidence-Based Research in Taiwan; Section of Mental Disorders, March 8-9, Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. (NSC 91-2413-H-009-SSS-; NSC 92-2413-H-002-024-; NSC 93-2413-H-002-002-)].

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
研討會以證據為基礎的研究，在台灣，部分精神疾病。（國科會 91 - 2413 - H的009 -量表中文），國家安全委員會 92 - 2413 - H的- 002 - 024 -）;國家安全委員會 93 - 2413 - H的- 002 - 002 -）眼動脫敏和再加工（EMDR;夏皮羅，1989 ，1995，2001）最近聲稱要有效地紓緩創傷後應激障礙的症狀，恐怖疾病。眼運動（電磁）是一種治療的關鍵因素，其治療機制有待澄清。在這個談話的目的是要研究系列報告，從我們的實驗室就EM的作用，治療機制 EMDR。具體來說，在EMDR程序被簡單地描述，EM的功效及工藝相比，暴露了問題。此外，對影響電磁情緒變化和生動的圖像或自傳記憶，改變數量和強度的語義協會的報告。此外，關於如何EMDR問題可能的工作，無論是電磁沒有添加任何超出了純粹接觸機制和電磁相互作用，價的刺激，他們的陳述順序進行了討論。最後，在EM的作用方面提出的刺激價為了從理論的角度來看，其臨床意義，提出和未來研究的可能性進行了討論。

Symposium on Evidence-Based Research, in Taiwan; Section of Mental Disorders. (NSC 91-2413-H-009-SSS-); NSC 92-2413-H-002-024-); NSC 93-2413-H-002-002-) Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989, 1995, 2001) has recently been claimed to be effective in ameliorating the symptoms of PTSD and phobic disorders. Eye movement (EM) was one of the crucial treatment elements, of which the therapeutic mechanisms await elucidation. The aims of this talk were to report series of studies from our lab regarding the role of EM in the therapeutic mechanism of EMDR. Specifically, after EMDR procedure being briefly described, the efficacy of EM and its process compared to exposure were addressed. Further, the effects of EM on changes of emotionality and vividness of images or autobiographic memories, and changes of amount and strength of semantic associations were reported. Also, the issues regarding how EMDR might work, whether EM did add anything beyond the mechanisms of pure exposure, and the interplay of EM, valence of stimuli, and their presentation order were discussed. Finally, the role of EM in terms of stimulus valence presentation order from theoretical point of view and its clinical implications are proposed, and future research possibilities are discussed.

Keywords: Eye Movement Exposure Symposium Therapeutic Mechanism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. シャピロ、フランシーヌ [Shapiro, Francine]. (2004). 眼球運動脱感作と再処理：基本的な考え方、プロトコル、および手順 [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures]. 大阪：Niheisha [Ōsaka: Niheisha].

Language: Japanese

Format: Book

Abstract:
"この雑誌は、この本の初版（1996年世＃4頁99〜100）の主要な貢献として賞賛した。この新しい版は大幅に拡大され、更新された、反対の一部の研究者は、EMDRしなければならなかったことは多くを解決。結果は恐怖症の治療に有用な補助ステップバイステップの歴史的、理論的、実用的な導入され、心的外傷後ストレス障害を投稿してください。"-初版臨床老年学者称賛、"この実用的な本が重要であるの決定的なプレゼンテーションとしてEMDR法....臨床医は、その詳細な説明をお迎えいたします....いくつかの事例や五注釈転写物はきれいにし、メソッドの機微を示していますセラピストのクライアントは、ロールを中心に"-現代心理学は"書き込みは一般的には明らかである具体的な手順とサンプルのフレーズを説明するために典型的なケースのイラストでバランスのガイドラインは....利点の説明は特別な注意が、可能性のある副作用の説明で全体のバランスが期待されるセラピストによって使用されるように、困難な集団が発生したと手続きバリエーションは必要ありません。"- プライベート実践心理の"非常に数年間で、EMDRも進められている数多くの追加のアプリケーションとの（心的外傷後ストレス障害のための最も広く研究治療に奇妙な音新技術から成長してきた)....数最近のではなく、説得力のある研究が正当かつ強力な治療法としてEMDR確立している"-専門心理学-レビュー

"This journal praised the first edition of this book (1996 XVI #4, pp. 99-100) as a major contribution. This new edition is greatly expanded and updated, addressing many of the objections that some researchers have had to EMDR. The result is a step-by-step historical, theoretical, practical introduction to a useful adjunct for the treatment of phobia and post traumatic stress disorder."--Clinical Gerontologist PRAISE FOR THE FIRST EDITION "This pragmatic book is important as the definitive presentation of the EMDR method....Clinicians will welcome its detailed explanation....Several case examples and five annotated transcripts nicely illustrate subtleties in the method and the therapist's client-centered role."--Contemporary Psychology "The writing is clear with general guidelines balanced by exemplary case illustrations to illustrate specific procedures and sample phrases to be used by the therapist....The description of the benefits to be expected is balanced throughout by descriptions of the special precautions, possible side effects, difficult populations encountered and procedural variations needed."--Psychotherapy in Private Practice "In a very few years, EMDR has grown from a bizarre sounding new technique to the most extensively researched treatment for PTSD (with numerous additional applications also being pursued)....A number of recent, rather convincing studies have established EMDR as a legitimate and powerful treatment."--Professional Psychology -- Review

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. 生月誠 , 田上不二夫 [Ikezuki Makoto, and Tagami Fujio]. (2003年12月). 視線恐怖の治療メカニズム [Terror mechanism eye treatment]. 教育心理学研究, 51(4), 425-430 [Educational Psychology, 51 (4), 425-430].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
本研究では,視線恐怖を主訴とする被験者の,視線恐怖軽減のメカニズムを解明することが目的である。実験1では,言語反復を含むリラクゼーションによる脱感作の手続きを,実験2では,拮抗動作法による脱感作の手続きを用いた。いずれも,自己視線恐怖より,他者視線恐怖の軽減に効果的であり,distractionが視線恐怖軽減の重要な要因となることが示唆された。また,自己視線恐怖は自己の視線に関する独特の認知を伴っ …

In this study, the subjects complained of fear that someone, the goal is to elucidate the mechanism of reduced eye phobia. In Experiment 1, the relaxation process of desensitization by repetitive language, including, in the second experiment, using a desensitization procedure by antagonistic action. Both look over fear, self and others effectively to reduce eye phobia, distraction was suggested to be an important factor in reducing the look of fear. The look of fear on the unique self-awareness accompanied by their own eyes ...

Keywords: Fear Terror

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. 芳賀彰子, 久保千春 [Haga Akiko, and Kubo Chiharu]. (2003年5月). 解決志向アプローチ(SFA)とEMDRが有効であったチック症を伴う学校不適応の1例 [Solution-oriented approach (SFA) and EMDR case of disease associated with school maladjustment was effective tick]. 心身医学、43の日本誌（5）、29 [Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 43(5), 297].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: SFA Solution-Oriented Approach School Maladjustment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. 김 [Kim, D.] (2009). 직장 스트레스로 악화된 뚜렛 장애의 EMDR： 단일 증례 연구 [A single case study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with tourette’s disorder aggravated by stress at work]. Mental Health Research, 28, 14-20.

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
뚜렛 장애(Tourette’s disorder)는 다발성 운동 틱과 한 개 이상의 음성 틱이 1년 이상 나타나며 틱이 없는 기간이 3개월 이하일 때 진단된다.1) 이 장애는 만성적인 경과를 밟 으며, 많은 환자들이 성인기에 접어 들면 증상이 호전되지만 더 심해지는 경우도 있어 그 개인차가 크다.2) 또한 틱증상이 악화되었다가 호전되는 패턴이 삽화처럼 존재하기 때문에 약 물치료의 시작하는 시점이나 그 효과 판별에 주의를 요한다. 예를 들어, 악화기엔 어떠한 약물도 그 효과가 적기 때문에 이 시점에서 유용성을 판단하기 어렵다.3) 뚜렛 장애의 치료는 약물치료가 1차 선택 치료이지만 많 은 환자들이 원치 않는 부작용 때문에 약물복용을 거절하거 나 중단한다. 또한 일부는 약물의 효과가 없으며, 있다고 해 도 그 효과는 제한적이다.4) 한 연구에 의하면 평균적인 약물 반응은 틱 증상의 50% 전도 감소라고 한다.5) 따라서 약물 치료와 병용할 수 있는 효과적인 정신치료의 필요성이 요구 되고 있다. 뚜렛이나 틱 장애의 대표적인 정신치료는 습관 반전(habit reversal) 이라는 행동치료이다.6) 그외에도 인식 훈련, 자기 주장 훈련, 인지치료, 이완치료 등이 있다.4) 현재까지 가장 효과의 준거가 강한 것은 습관반전이며7) 그 외 정신치료에 대한 연구 축적은 부족한 실정이다. 뚜렛장애에 대한 정신치 료는 증상의 완화 뿐 아니라 질환을 이해시키고, 자존감을 높이며 사회적 기능을 향상시키는 데 중요한 역할은 한다.8) 비교적 최근 심리적 외상 치료로 개발된 안구운동 민감소실 및 재처리 요법(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprecessing, EMDR)이 여러 임상 영역에 활발하게 쓰이면서 그 관심을 받고 있다.9) 외상후 스트레스 장애 외의 불안장애에 부터 보다 최근에는 우울증과 정신분열병에 까지 시도되고 있는 실정이다.10,11) 이 증례는 직장 스트레스로 악화된 뚜렛 환자에게 EMDR을 사용하여 성공적으로 치료한 경험을 공 유하고자 작성되었다.

This single case report involves a 24 year-old woman with Tourette’s syndrome who experienced exacerbation of tic symptoms after stressful events at work. After eight months of unsuccessful pharmacotherapy, the five sessions of EMDR was tried targeting the events, which resulted in significant reduction in tic and stress symptoms to previous level. In fact, she felt so good that she discontinued her medication after two sessions but maintained her improvement throughout treatment period. Two years after termination of treatment she was reported to have been doing great at work although she continued to display her tics at usual, mild level.

Keywords: Tic Disorder Tourette’s Disorder Psychotherapy Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. 이선혜; 김석현; & 김대호 [Lee, Sun Hye, Kim, Seok Hyeon, & Kim, Daeho] (2007). 차 항우울제 치료에 반응 않는 외상후 스트레스 장애의 EMDR 병합 치료 증례 [ Add-on EMDR for posttraumatic stress disorder not responding to initial antidepressant therapy：Case report]. 생물치료정신의학 제13권 제2호, 46 [Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapy in Psychiatry, 13(2), 346-351].

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
외상후 스트레스 장애 (PTSD)의 치료 전략에 대한 문학의 성장 본문있다. 그리고 metaanalyses 및 임상 지침 등장으로 진행합니다. CBT 또는 EMDR이 인구에 대한 치료의 첫번째 라인에 대한 권장되었습니다 최근 외상 중심. 그러나, 아주 작은 문학은 약물과 PTSD의 심리 치료의 통합 치료를위한 존재합니다. 이 사건 보고서는 처음 약은 치료에 대응하는 데 실패하지만, EMDR이 추가된 후에 나중에 향상했다 PTSD 두 개인을 소개합니다. 또한 제어 연구는이 찾는 일반화하기 위해 필요합니다.
There is a growing body of literature on the treatment strategy of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). And metaanalyses and clinical guidelines continue to emerge. Recently, trauma-focused CBT or EMDR have been recommended for the 1st line of therapy for this population. However, very little literature exists for combined treatment of medication and psychotherapy in PTSD. This case report introduces two individuals with PTSD, who had initially failed to respond to antidepressant therapy, but later improved after EMDR was added. Further controlled studies are needed to generalize this finding.

Keywords: Antidepressants Combined Treatment Drug Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. 이선혜 (저자) ; 김석현 (저자) ; 김대호 (저자) [Yiseonhye; Seok; & Dae-Ho] (2007). 차 항우울제 치료에 반응 않는 외상후 스트레스 장애의 EMDR 병합 치료 증례 [EMDR for posttraumatic stress disorder not responding to initial antidepressant therapy：Case report]. 생물치료정신의학 제13권 제2호, 46 [Biological Treatment of Psychiatry, 13(2), 246].

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:

외상후 스트레스 장애 (PTSD)의 치료 전략에 대한 문학의 성장 본문있다. 그리고 metaanalyses 및 임상 지침 등장으로 진행합니다. CBT 또는 EMDR이 인구에 대한 치료의 첫번째 라인에 대한 권장되었습니다 최근 외상 중심. 그러나, 아주 작은 문학은 약물과 PTSD의 심리 치료의 통합 치료를위한 존재합니다. 이 사건 보고서는 처음 약은 치료에 대응하는 데 실패하지만, EMDR이 추가된 후에 나중에 향상했다 PTSD 두 개인을 소개합니다. 또한 제어 연구는이 찾는 일반화하기 위해 필요합니다.
There is a growing body of literature on the treatment strategy of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). And metaanalyses and clinical guidelines continue to emerge. Recently, trauma-focused CBT or EMDR have been recommended for the 1st line of therapy for this population. However, very little literature exists for combined treatment of medication and psychotherapy in PTSD. This case report introduces two individuals with PTSD, who had initially failed to respond to antidepressant therapy, but later improved after EMDR was added. Further controlled studies are needed to generalize this finding.

Keywords: Antidepressants Combined Treatment Drug Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: No

30. Lanius, U. (2005, April). 'Dissociative processes' and EMDR - Staying connected. Presentation at 3rd Annual Conference of the EMDR Association of UK and Ireland, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: D
issociative processes, common in a wide variety of psychological disorders (e.g., PTSD, Anxiety Disorders, Personality Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, etc.) can interfere with effective EMDR treatment. The information processing system gets overwhelmed and shuts down, thereby barring the integration and resolution of traumatic experience. The workshop presents a model, based on recent developments in neuroscience and the neurobiology of dissociation, that guides therapeutic interventions in general and EMDR treatment in particular. Treatment planning, target selection, the use of both body-oriented (bottom-up processing) versus cognitive and ego-state (top-down processing), and other interventions are discussed. Participants will become familiar with specific interventions designed to minimize dissociative symptoms, as well as techniques that aid clients in becoming reconnected once dissociative processes have occurred. A comprehensive therapeutic approach is described that aids clients with dissociative symptoms to stay connected and thereby enhance the likelihood of efficient information processing during EMDR treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Spierings, J. (2011, August). (Non) cognitive interweaves in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with severely damaged clients we can hardly expect EMDR-processing to go smoothly by itself. ‘Just staying out of the way’ is not enough to help these clients process their traumatic material. A more active approach is called for to bring trauma resolution. In EMDR this type of intervening is called ‘(cognitive) interweaving’. The therapist may need to intervene on the process level with process interweaves, in order to keep the client within his window of (affect)tolerance.Or the therapist has to intervene on the content level with content interweaves, when the client gets stuck in a specific problem is unable to solve with the information he has available. In this workshop the participant learns to use process interweaves to modulate the arousal level of the client. In addition to this a toolkit of useful content interweaves is presented, cognitive and non-cognitive, e.g. sensory, physical, humorous, symbolic and spiritual interweaves. The presentation includes metaphors for all kinds of blocks, bits and pieces of psycho-education for specific stuck points, unorthodox, creative or hilarious interweaves to get round resistance, and interweaves to bring reconciliation and forgiveness.

Keywords: (Non) Cognitive Interweaves

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. Koshal, A. (2010, June). The 4-fields-technic in the traumatherapy of complex traumatized and drug-addicted people (in methadone-treatment). In Addictions. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nowadays several international studies demonstrate that the problem of drug-addiction is very often found in combination with complex traumatization in early childhood and youth. (Felitti. 2903; Kufner et al. 2000; Langeland et al. 2006; Schmidt, 2000 etc.) As we all know PTSD and the other trauma symptoms cause a lot of psychophysical dysregulation. So the psychiatrist Khantrian postulated already 1985 the "self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders". Janina Fisher, Trauma Center Boston, 2000, called this assumed combination of trauma-consequences and drug-addiction, "compensatory strategies aimed at self-regulation" In many years of working with drug-addicted people it became very obvious that a high percentage of this people are using drugs, for example to calm down after being aggressive, may be caused by an argue: or to reduce strong inner tensions; to sleep without nightmares, to alleviate the feeling of helplessness and fear etc. Drugs and alcohol do reduce all the mentioned symptoms for a while. To learn to cope in another, more adaptive way, the addicted people need to learn alternatives strategies for a good functioning self-regulation. After stabilization, the trauma therapy can start, so the patient can reduce some of the sources of psychophysiological dysregulation. Even when the addicted people still get methadone psychotherapy is possible. Practical experience over a long time. started 1990, did show a lot of successful treatments and that methadone does not interfere a traumatherapy. The 4-Fields-Technic is a special method of EMDR that was developed by Jarero et al. 1997 in Mexico after a hurricane disaster. Dorothee Lansch modified the group method into a therapy-setting for single persons. For complex traumatized and drug-addicted people this technic is very helpful. The focus is more easy to keep in mind, - in front of the eyes. In the 4-Fields-Technic the patient focuses on a self-painted picture, that represents the worst part of a trauma experience. The patient keeps his focus on this picture, combined with bilateral stimulation, till he feels the picture should be changed. And so the process is going on till finished. The participant will be able to learn: - about the correlation between complex trauma and drug-addiction - that drug-addicted people who get methadone are able to do trauma therapy -the 4-Fieids-Technic as a method to create resources. Psychotherapy and specially psychotraumatherapy with drug-addicted people who are as well in a methadone-treatment is for many therapists still controversial. This presentation will give you an idea how good it can work, based on various case series.

Keywords: 4-Fields-Technic Complex Trauma Drug Addiciton Methodone Treatment Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Opperman-Schmid, F. (2010, June). 5 years of EMDR in a general practioners practise. In Treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study describes the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in clients suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms after recent traumatic experience. Between November 2003 and July 2009, 45 clients of a general medicine practise with stress reactions and inability to work after a recent traumatic event were treated with EMDR. The number of active EMDR sessions varied from 1 to 5 sessions. After this short time of active treatment, everyone of these clients was free of symptoms and able to take up work again. After a three months period, those clients were reinvestigated. Up to this time, none of them had suffered from symptoms of distress or accumulation of trauma memories or inability to go to work. The study shows an interesting aspect in EMDR treatment: general practitioners are the first to be consulted by clients with recent trauma. EMDR is shown to be very effective in treatment of stress symptoms after recent trauma. Consequently, an early intervention with EMDR reduces stress symptoms and the period of inability. This is to promote interest and awareness specially among general practitioners with psychotherapy training.

Keywords: Acute Stress Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. Sime, W., (2002). Absorption, concentration, dissociation, desensitization, flow and neurofeedback: The essence of Tiger Woods performing optimally focused "In the zone". Winter Brain Meeting.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Absorption that allows an athlete, a surgeon, an astronaut or a musician to get into the Zone, i.e., to block out all distractions unrelated to performance has been assessed by Tellegen, Csikszentmihalyi and others in self-report measures. It occurs relatively rarely at the very highest levels and is very elusive to achieve. Qualitatively speaking, it is the phenomena of being totally immersed in the activity with time moving slowly, senses being sharpened, but pain not recognized. Thoughts and images are clear and controllable while physical performance seems effortless and automatic. To measure this phenomenon accurately and completely is not possible in a dynamic state, but to shape it's appearance and to extend duration is essential in finite psychomotor skills like golf. Physical preparation for performance is mentally grueling and fatiguing. If often results in trance-like, dis-associative and sometimes dissociative states where depersonalization is a valuable technique to block out the intense suffering and pain associated with running, swimming or bicycling. The difficulty in sport is being able to switch in and out of full alertness for some strategic tasks while remaining in the dissociative state for endurance. The experience of flow, absorption and being in the zone is to harness power and ultimately unleash explosive yet finely titrated effort. Concentration is the umbrella concept that also encompasses EMDR. The process of actively shifting eye focus from left to right while striving to hold an image or statement of emotionality is exceedingly difficult and ultimately beyond control. The combination of EMDR with neurofeedback is an innovative intervention that holds potential for greater impact in removing negative images of failed effort or in solidifying the recall of a successful effort. The neurofeedback serves to reinforce the development of greater mental stamina toward intensively focus comparable to zooming in a camera lens thus blocking out distractions and irrelevant stimuli. Enhanced quality of visualization is the desired outcome for the performance enhancement sport psychology consultant and his/her client.

Keywords: Absorption Concentration Dissociation Desensitization Flow Neurofeedback Performance Enhancement Tiger Woods The Zone

Accuracy Verified: No

35. Tarrier, N., Liversidge, T., & Gregg, L. (2006, November). The acceptability and preference for the psychological treatment for PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(11), 1643-1656. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.11.012.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The acceptability and preference of psychological treatments is important in understanding patient treatment seeking, choice, engagement and attrition and possibly treatment response in health care. The acceptability of, and preference for, 14 different types of psychological treatment for PTSD were investigated in a student population through invitation to participate in a web-based survey. Respondents were asked to rate each treatment on 10 scales and to rank the treatments in order of preference. Respondents were also asked whether they would seek treatment themselves, recommend treatment to friends and family, feel stigmatised by suffering from PTSD, had any prior knowledge of the treatments and if this had been positive or negative, and whether they had a history of psychological problems or treatment. A total of 330 respondents completed the survey. A past or current history of psychological problems and treatment was surprisingly high. Almost all respondents indicated that they would seek or recommend treatment in spite of high levels of stigmatisation. Factor analysis of the 10 scales indicated two factors: Endorsement and Discomfort. Rank ordering on preference and Endorsement scores was highly consistent. The highly preferred and endorsed treatments involved cognitive therapy, exposure, or psycho-education in spite of high levels of discomfort anticipated with exposure. Treatments involving new technologies, EMDR, and psychodynamic psychotherapy received the lowest Endorsement and preference. There was a modest influence of prior knowledge of a treatment. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy College Students Computer Assisted Psychotherapy Empirical Study Family Therapy Group Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Preference Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychological Treatment Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study Relaxation Therapy Treatment Acceptability Virtual Reality Exposure Web-Based Survey

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. Talwar, S. (2007, February). Accessing traumatic memory through art making: An art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP). The Arts in Psychotherapy, 34(1), 22-35. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2006.09.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In this article I propose an art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP) designed to address the non-verbal core of traumatic memory. Trauma theorists [van der Kolk, B.A. (2003). Frontiers in trauma treatment. Presented at the R. Cassidy Seminars, St. Louis, MO 2004; Steele, W. & Raider, M. (2001). Structured Sensory Intervention for Traumatized Children, Adolescents and Parents-Strategies to Alleviate Trauma. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press] have endorsed alternative treatment methods such as eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), body-based psychotherapy, and expressive arts therapy as an alternative to verbal psychotherapy. Following an overview of the role of memory and emotions in trauma and theories of art making and brain function, I describe a protocol that has had success in integrating the cognitive, emotional and physiological levels of trauma drawing on EMDR, McNamee’s bilateral art and Michelle Cassou’s method of painting. A one-session example serves to illustrate its use.

Keywords: Arts Bilateral Art Body-Based Psychotherapy Expressive Arts

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. Savneet, T. (2007). Accessing traumatic memory through art making: An art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP). The Arts in Psychotherapy, 34(1), 22-35. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2006.09.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In this article I propose an art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP) designed to address the non-verbal core of traumatic memory. Trauma theorists [van der Kolk, B.A. (2003). Frontiers in trauma treatment. Presented at the R. Cassidy Seminars, St. Louis, MO 2004; Steele, W. & Raider, M. (2001). Structured Sensory Intervention for Traumatized Children, Adolescents and Parents-Strategies to Alleviate Trauma. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press] have endorsed alternative treatment methods such as eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), body-based psychotherapy, and expressive arts therapy as an alternative to verbal psychotherapy. Following an overview of the role of memory and emotions in trauma and theories of art making and brain function, I describe a protocol that has had success in integrating the cognitive, emotional and physiological levels of trauma drawing on EMDR, McNamee's bilateral art and Michelle Cassou's method of painting. A one-session example serves to illustrate its use.

Keywords: Art Therapy Art Therapy Trauma Protocol ATTP Creative Arts Therapy Creativity Emotions Memory Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. Paulsen, S. L. (2006, November). ACT-AS-IF and ARCHITECTS approach to utilizing ego state therapy, somatic psychotherapy and EMDR with highly dissociative clients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma & Dissociation, Los Angeles, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Act-As-If Architects Dissociation Ego State Therapy Somatic Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. Lee, C. W., Taylor, G., & Drummond, P. D. (2006, March-April). The active ingredient in EMDR: Is it traditional exposure or dual focus of attention?. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(2), 97-107. doi:10.1002/cpp.479.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This study tested whether the content of participants' responses during EMDR is similar to that thought to be effective for traditional exposure treatments (reliving), or is more consistent with distancing, which would be expected given Shapiro's proposal of dual process of attention. The responses made by 44 participants with PTSD were examined during their first EMDR treatment session. An independent rater coded these responses according to whether they were consistent with reliving, distancing, or focusing on material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement on a measure of PTSD symptoms occurred when the participant processed the trauma in a more detached manner. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggest that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that covaried with improvement. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Attention Australians Cognitive Processes Empirical Study Mechanism of Action Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Quantitative Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Hogberg, G., & Hallstrom, T. (2008). Active multimodal psychotherapy in children and adolescents with suicidality: Description, evaluation and clinical profile. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13(3), 435-448. doi:10.1177/1359104507088348.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical pattern of 14 youths with presenting suicidality, to describe an integrative treatment approach, and to estimate therapy effectiveness. Fourteen patients aged 10 to 18 years from a child and adolescent outpatient clinic in Stockholm were followed in a case series. The patients were treated with active multimodal psychotherapy. This consisted of mood charting by mood-maps, psycho-education, wellbeing practice and trauma resolution. Active techniques were psychodrama and body-mind focused techniques including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. The patients were assessed before treatment, immediately after treatment and at 22 months post treatment with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. The clinical pattern of the group was observed. After treatment there was a significant change towards normality in the Global Assessment of Functioning scale both immediately post-treatment and at 22 months. A clinical pattern, post trauma suicidal reaction, was observed with a combination of suicidality, insomnia, bodily symptoms and disturbed mood regulation. We conclude that in the post trauma reaction suicidality might be a presenting symptom in young people. Despite the shortcomings of a case series the results of this study suggest that a mood-map-based multimodal treatment approach with active techniques might be of value in the treatment of children and youth with suicidality.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Suicide

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Barreda-Hanson, C. (2012, Septiember). Adaptación del EMDR y terapia breve centrada en el cliente para cambiar percepciones negativas y traumaticas [EMDR adaption of brief client-centered therapy to change negative and traumatic perceptions]. Presentación en la 70 Conferencia Anual del International Council of Psychologist(ICP), Sevilla, España.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
El estrés subsiguiente después de un traumatismo, representa un trastorno disfuncional – tanto interno como externo – que se manifiesta en alteraciones en el reconocimiento cognitivo y en los comportamientos, llevando además asociados síntomas somáticos, afloramiento de problemas inconscientes y ansiedades. Pues una de las características del estrés post-traumático, es precisamente la pérdida de equilibrio entre el mundo interno y externo de quien lo sufre. Por eso, ante la complejidad de las respuestas post-traumáticas, éstas se pueden catalogar en gran medida dentro de las perturbaciones psicopatológicas. El estrés psicológico surge por una situación estresante “real”, externa, tangible y la reacción ante esta difícil experiencia, evoca un conjunto bastante universal y coherente de síntomas y respuestas que provocan reacciones primitivas relacionadas con temores inconscientes ante las amenazas a la vida, que hacen aflorar incipientemente fantasías e impulsos abrumadores. Los resultados son los pensamientos disfuncionales que conducen a las respuestas y a los comportamientos desadaptativos. Objetivos: el taller está diseñado para proporcionar a estudiantes y profesionales de la Psicología – que trabajan o desean trabajar en esta área del trauma y el cambio de comportamientos -, la habilidad para utilizar eficaz y rápidamente intervenciones breves, que puedan poner en practicar incluso en casa. En el taller se estudiará la forma inicial de evaluar, tanto al trauma como a la clientela. Se trabajará la historia del trauma y se profundizará en sus consecuencias y en cómo diseñar las intervenciones breves para hacerles frente. También se centrará en averiguar qué cambios quieren los y las clientes a través de relatos y visualizaciones, utilizando una adaptación de las terapias EMDR y la Solución Enfocada tanto a crear el cambio deseado, como a mantenerlo. En consecuencia el taller es de particular interés para quienes trabajan con personas que han sufrido cualquier tipo de trauma, o quienes perciben acontecimientos de la vida, experiencias, etc. que les afectan de forma negativa en su día a día. También es útil para las personas que sufren de TOC, sobre todo trastornos del pensamiento. Los aspectos más útiles de las dos técnicas que se han adaptado junto con otras innovaciones de la autora, guardan relación con la creación de un ambiente seguro, no-traumático, que actúa rápidamente y que además, se puede realizar en casa sin peligro de consecuencias negativas. Objetivos específicos: 1. Ser capaz de describir e identificar las manifestaciones del trauma. 2. Aprender y describir dos técnicas terapéuticas breves en el tratamiento del trauma 3. Definir una técnica breve terapéutica que puede ser utilizada para fomentar el cambio 4. Destacar el rol del o de la terapeuta durante el tratamiento de los traumatismos 5. Ser capaz de describir, diseñar y establecer metas de la terapia y promover cambios mediante el uso de técnicas de terapia breve. Métodos: la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR), es un método complejo e integrador de la psicoterapia individual, mediante el que se guía al cliente utilizando un procedimiento para acceder a sus experiencias y resolver sus problemas conductuales y emocionales. El EMDR utiliza elementos de múltiples orientaciones psicoterapéuticas tanto psicodinámicas, como cognitivo- conductuales, enfoques centrados en el cliente, gestalt y bioenergéticos. La premisa subyacente de EMDR es que las experiencias de pánico y ansiedad se procesan de forma diferente por el cerebro que las experiencias habituales. La teoría subyacente es que durante el estrés, la memoria grava en una parte del cerebro responsable de las emociones de modulación (la amígdala) y se cierra temporalmente otra parte del cerebro (el hipocampo), responsable de procesamiento de la memoria normal. La experiencia traumática queda atrapada en el exterior y potencialmente no forma parte del procesamiento normal del cerebro, y el EMDR permite a la persona acceder a la experiencia y transformarla en memoria declarativa en el hipocampo. Con el método EMDR, el hipocampo se puede abrir a las emociones evocadas por la experiencia para que el/la cliente pueda soportarlas mientras se realiza el tratamiento. La distracción y la atención a la estimulación bilateral, desempeñan un importante papel que ayuda al cliente a experimentar las emociones como tolerables. Aunque cómo la distracción bilateral en concreto, facilita el procesamiento de las experiencias dolorosas, sea algo que todavía no se termina de entender. Por otra parte, las Intervenciones Breves de Terapias enfocadas al Cliente se centran en las excepciones del problema, pensando que a continuación se desarrollará un cambio natural en el comportamiento. Es una especie de visión orientada no en las formas tradicionales, sino hacia el futuro, sin profundizar demasiado en la “patología” sino más bien centrándose en lo que el sistema puede hacer para adaptarse a ella, puesto que ambos pueden decidir si esa “patología” es un problema o no lo es. Las Intervenciones de Terapia Breve enfocadas al Cliente se utilizan para resolver una variedad de problemas de comportamientos y actitudes, mediante el uso de los propios recursos de los y las clientes y las observaciones de las estrategias que utilizan para alcanzar los resultados deseados, en sus situaciones vitales habituales. Se trata de una buena técnica para establecer y mantener un contexto de cambio en el que los pequeños, pero útiles cambios, se anticipan y se buscan. En definitiva, la combinación de ambas técnicas con algunas variaciones desarrolladas por la Dra. Barreda-Hanson, han demostrado ser una herramienta poderosa para mejorar la respuesta al tratamiento en un período de tiempo más corto, teniendo también la ventaja de permitir practicar los ejercicios en casa. Aplicaciones: la aplicación habitual del EMDR ha sido el tratamiento de trastornos emocionales relacionados con eventos muy perturbadores o traumáticos. Pero también se usa para trabajar síntomas preocupantes como la ansiedad, la depresión, la culpa y la ira. E igualmente, se puede utilizar para mejorar recursos emocionales tales como la confianza y la autoestima. Procedimientos: - El taller se impartirá en español y el alumnado recibirá amplios folletos complementarios. - Se realizará en una única jornada, en sesión de mañana para teoría y de tarde para prácticas, trabajando cada modelo por separado. - Se espera que quienes asistan lleven una cuestión-problema sobre la que trabajar utilizando las diversas técnicas, pues aunque se utilizarán múltiples ej. de casos reales, se alentará a quienes participen a traer sus propias experiencias e ideas para debatir y trabajar sobre ellas.

The subsequent stress after trauma represents a dysfunctional disorder - internal and external - that is manifested in alterations in cognitive recognition and behavior, besides being associated somatic symptoms outcrop unconscious problems and anxieties. As one of the characteristics of post-traumatic stress, is the loss of balance between internal and external world of the sufferer. Therefore, given the complexity of post-traumatic responses, they can be categorized largely into psychopathological disturbances. Psychological stress arises from a stressful situation "real" external, tangible and reaction to this difficult experience, quite evokes a universal and consistent set of symptoms that cause reactions and responses primitive unconscious fears related to threats to life, which bring out fantasies and impulses incipiently overwhelming. The results are the thoughts that lead to dysfunctional responses and maladaptive behaviors. Objectives: The workshop is designed to provide students and psychology professionals - who work or want to work in this area of trauma and behavior change - the ability to quickly and efficiently use brief interventions, which may put in practice even in house. The workshop will explore how to evaluate initial both trauma as to clients. It will work history of trauma and its consequences will deepen and how design brief interventions to address them. It will also focus on finding out what changes customers want and through stories and views, using an adaptation of EMDR therapy and Solution Focused both to create the desired change, and to keep it. Thus the workshop is of particular interest to those working with people who have suffered any kind of trauma, or who perceive life events, experiences, etc.. that negatively affect them in their day to day. Also useful for persons suffering from OCD, especially disorders of thought. The most useful of the two techniques that have adapted along with other innovations of the author, are related to the creation of a safe, non-traumatic, acting quickly and also can be done at home without fear of consequences negative. Specific objectives: 1. Be able to describe and identify the manifestations of trauma. 2. Learn and describe two brief therapeutic techniques in the treatment of trauma 3. Define a short therapeutic technique that can be used to promote change 4. Outline the role of the therapist or during treatment of injuries 5. Be able to describe, design and establish goals of therapy and promote change through the use of brief therapy techniques. Methods: Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement (EMDR), is a complex and inclusive method of individual psychotherapy, which is guided by the client using a procedure to access their experiences and address their behavioral and emotional problems. The EMDR uses multiple elements of both psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approaches as cognitive-behavioral, client-centered approaches, gestalt and bioenergy. The underlying premise of EMDR is that experiences panic and anxiety are processed differently by the brain than normal experiences. The underlying theory is that during stress, gravel memory part of the brain responsible for emotions modulation (amygdala) and temporarily closes another part of the brain (hippocampus), responsible for normal memory processing. The trapped traumatic experience abroad and potentially not part of the normal brain processing, and EMDR allows people access to the experience and transform it into declarative memory in the hippocampus. With EMDR, the hippocampus can be opened to the emotions evoked by the experience that he / the client is able to bear while performing the treatment. Distraction and attention to bilateral stimulation, play an important role to help the client to experience emotions as tolerable. Although bilateral distraction how specifically facilitates the processing of painful experiences, is something that is not yet fully understood. Moreover, brief interventions focused Customer Therapies focus on the exceptions of the problem, thinking that then will develop a natural change in behavior. It is a kind of non-oriented view on traditional forms, but to the future, without going too deeply into the "pathology" but rather focus on what the system can do to adapt to it, since both can decide whether this "pathology "is a problem or not. Brief therapy interventions focused Customer are used to solve a variety of problem behaviors and attitudes, using their own resources and comments from customers and the strategies used to achieve the desired results in their situations normal life. This is a good technique to establish and maintain a context of change in that small but useful changes, anticipate and seek. In short, the combination of both techniques with some variations developed by Dr. Barreda Hanson, have proved a powerful tool for improving the response to therapy in a shorter period of time, having also the advantage of allowing in practice exercises house. Applications: the routine application of EMDR has been the treatment of emotional disorders associated with very disturbing or traumatic events. But also used to work worrying symptoms such as anxiety, depression, guilt and anger. And also, can be used to enhance emotional resources such as confidence and self-esteem. Procedures: - The workshop will be taught in Spanish and students will receive extensive additional brochures. - Will be held in a single day, in morning session and afternoon theory to practice, working each model separately. - Who are expected to attend with a question-problem on which to work using various techniques, for example, although multiple use. real cases, those involved are encouraged to bring their own experiences and ideas to discuss and work on them.

Keywords: Brief Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. Shapiro, F. (2003, September). Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The model was formulated to describe clinical phenomena observed in EMDR, successfully predict treatment effects, and guide clinical practice. These principles, along with EMDR protocols, and procedures will be used to evaluate various trends in EMDR clinical practice. Clinical cases and questions collected from particlpants will be used to illustrate the ways in which EMDR can be applied.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents Cognitive Processes AIP Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Females Integrative Psychotherapy Memories Plenary Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. Shapiro, F. (2005, June). Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The model was formulated to describe clinical phenomena observed in EMDR, successfully predict treatment effects, and guide clinical practice. These principles, along with EMDR protocols and procedures will be used to discuss a wide range of clinical applications, ranging from acute through chronic and complex conditions.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents AIP Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Females Integrative Psychotherapy Keynote Memories Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Meignant, I. (2010, July). Adaptive information processing model (AIP). Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This Abstract will explore EMDR as an AIP model of psychotherapy. The following aspects will be discussed. Foundation of pathologies: unprocessed physiologically stored memories of life experiences. Definition of Trauma: Any life experience that has a negative on going impact on a person’s life. Therapy goal: Accessing and reprocessing physiologically stored memories of life experiences, triggers and encoding future templates. Memory as composed of: sensory information (smell, image, sound, taste and touch), cognitions, emotions and body sensations. EMDR as a 3 stage therapy model: Past, Present, Future Three themes explored in EMDR therapy: 1) Responsibility (which includes Culpability and Self-esteem) 2) Safety, and 3) Choice The Eight phases of EMDR: Departure and Arrival stations: SUDs , VOC, and BODY scan

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. Hensley, B. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing, targeting, the standard protocol, and strategies for successful outcomes in EMDR reprocessing. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 92-100. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.92.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article provides excerpts from each chapter of An EMDR Primer: From Practicum to Practice (Hensley, 2009) to assist novice eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinicians who are learning how to use this approach and to serve as a refresher for therapists who have not used EMDR consistently in their practices. Actual cases are presented that demonstrate various strategies that the therapist can use to help clients reach adaptive resolution of trauma. Tables and figures highlight important features to explain the obvious and subtle nuances of EMDR. Focal points are the following: (a) the adaptive information processing model; (b) the types of targets accessed during the EMDR process; (c) the 8 phases of EMDR; (d) the components of the standard EMDR protocol used during the assessment phase; (e) past, present, and future in terms of appropriate targeting and successful outcomes; and (f) strategies and techniques for dealing with challenging clients, high levels of abreaction, and blocked processing.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Cognitive Interweave Three-Pronged Approach Types of Targets Unblocking Strategies

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Shapiro, F. (2004, September). Adaptive information processing: EMDR clinical applications and case conceptualizations. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Procesing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The implications of this paradigm will be explored in relation to a variety of recent clinical case studies and research reports. Questions from participants will be used to explore potential clinical applications, and to hone case conceptualization skills.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents AIP Females Memories Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. Waldon, A. (2008, February). Adios pensamientos y sentimientos feos, Manual de EMDR para ninos [Goodbye yucky thoughts and feelings, An EMDR workbook for children] . Lulu.com.

Language: Spanish

Format: Book

Abstract:
Translated from English by Maria Elana Aduriz, Utilizando este cuaderno, el psicoterapeuta de niño EMDR indica el cliente de niño por el protocolo de EMDR. Las ilustraciones visualmente atrayentes basadas en los dibujos de niños son utilizadas para favorecer el niño a dibujar imaginal y recursos existentes para la fuerza, para la maestría, y para el consuelo. Utilizando estos dibujos, el terapeuta prepara al niño para procesar un trauma. Entonces, después de que el niño dibuje un lugar seguro, el terapeuta utiliza el cuaderno para ayudar al niño identifica los pensamientos, las emociones, y las sensaciones del cuerpo relacionadas al trauma. El niño está entonces listo para la Fase 4, la insensibilización y volver a tratar del trauma. El cuaderno continúa ayudando al terapeuta indica el cliente de niño por las fases restantes del protocolo, terminando con un Certificado del Logro para el niño para mantener. Las instrucciones para el terapeuta y hojas de trabajo para las notas del terapeuta son incluidas.

Using this book, the child psychotherapist EMDR client indicates the child EMDR protocol. The visually appealing illustrations based on drawings by children are used to encourage the child to draw imaginal and resources for the strength, expertise, and for comfort. Using these drawings, the therapist prepares the child to process trauma. Then, after the child draw a safe place, the therapist uses the notebook to help the child identify the thoughts, emotions, and sensations of the body related to trauma. The child is then ready for Phase 4, the stunning and come back to the trauma. The book continues to help the therapist tells the client as a child for the remaining phases of the protocol, ending with a Certificate of Achievement for the child to maintain. The instructions for the therapist and worksheets for the therapist's notes are included.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Wheeler, M. S. (1997, December). Adlerian interventions and applications: The creating context technique. Journal of Individual Psychology, 53(4), 396-406.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Therapists who are trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (Shapiro, 1995) may try using the Creating Context Technique when a client is not stable enough for EMDR or when a client is unwilling to try EMDR. An example will be presented to demonstrate the use of the technique with a typical problem.

Keywords: Adlerian Psychotherapy Adlerian Psychotherapy Connexions Focusing Technique Psychotherapeutic Techniques

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Broad, R. D. & Wheeler, K. (2006, May). An adult with childhood medical trauma treated with psychoanalytic psychotherapy and EMDR: A case study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(2), 95-105. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2006.00058.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Problem: Adverse childhood experiences have been found to be a strong predictor of emotional and physical problems in adulthood. However, the long-term sequelae for children who have suffered critical illness and exposure to invasive medical procedures are less well documented. Methods: This is a case study of an adult client who sought treatment for depression and attention deficit disorder. The psychotherapy treatment is discussed and the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is described targeting a memory of a medical trauma resulting from a tonsillectomy when the client was 8 years old. Conclusions: Significant healing outcomes were attained as a result of the therapy, i.e., decreased depression, less hypervigilance, and increased ability to concentrate, which resulted in the discontinuation of medication for depression and ADHD as well as significant improvement in overall functioning.

Keywords: Childhood Medical Trauma Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Adverse Childhood Experiences Depression Attention Deficit Disorder Early Experience Major Depression PTSD Psychoanalysis Childhood Development Clinical Case Study Empirical Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. Grand, D. (1998, July). Advance clinical seminar: Innovation and integration in EMDR based diagnosis, technique, teaching, performance enhancement and creativity. Presentation at the annual meetng of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) be able to understand and utilize EMDR based diagnosis; 2) be able to utilize both forming of "questioning interweaves" and reflection of clients questions for processing; 3) gain an in depth understanding of the rationale and use of auditory and tactile modes of EMDR stimulation; 4) have working knowldge of advanced conceptualizations of parallel protocols, processing interaction between internalized selves and longer term EMDR; 5) have an expanded knowledge of issues in teaching EMDR, such as individual and group supervision and presenting seminars; 6) gain an understanding of a developmental model of performance and techniques for application of EMDR to performance enhancement and sports psychology; and 7) develop comprehensive understanding of issues of creativity and EMDR. This will include both the client's and therapist's creativity in the EMDR process, as well as se of EMDR for creativity enhancement.

Keywords: Creativity Performance Enhancement

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2008, September). Advanced applications of EMDR in child psychotherapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation is for therapists who have learned the basic EMDR protocol and are interested in expanding their skills in using EMDR in individual treatment with children. The presentation is focused on teaching therapists to use EMDR with specific childhood diagnoses or presenting problems, including children who are gifted and children who present with symptoms consistent with ADHD, dissociation, anxiety, attachment disorders, and sexual reactivity. Therapists will also learn how to use EMDR with regulatory issues in children including sleep issues and toilet training, as well as with behavioral issues, such as school phobias within AIP Theory.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1996, June). Advanced case consultations on EMDR applications to the workplace: Enhancing career performance. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Explains the intake process for a client presenting with work-related issues.

Keywords: Career Performance Case Consultation Peak Performance Performance Enhancement

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. Vogelmann-Sine, S., Popky, A. J., Lazrove, S., Sine, L., Speare, J., Wade, D., & Wade, T. (1995, June). Advanced clinical applications of EMDR to addictive behaviors. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop addresses the application of standard and modified EMDR treatment protocols to addictive and compulsive behaviors including substance abuse/dependence, overeating, smoking, love addiction. Individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors frequently have suffered from childhood trauma and neglect resulting in developmental arrests, as well as a variety of maladaptive behaviors which are trauma-related and serve to minimize pain. The successful implementation of EMDR to addictive behaviors requires that EMDR be used as part of an overall treatment program carefully addressing the needs of individuals who have been traumatized and are exhibiting addictive behaviors. A thorough diagnostic work up is needed aimed at assessing comorbidity, dissociation, and a detailed trauma history covering childhood traumas and traumas suffered as adults including traumas that occur as a consequence of addictive behaviors. Careful client preparation is essential to assist individuals in coping adequately with the high levels of emotion experienced during EMDR Clients' readiness to stop compulsive/addictive behaviors needs to be carefully evaluated. A decision tree aimed at determining the appropriateness of EMDR to individuals diagnosed with addictive behaviors is presented which assists clinicians in minimizing the premature use of EMDR. EMDR is a client centered method, and thus, careful pacing is needed with this population to reprocess underlying traumatic issues. This frequently implies utilizing a modified EMDR treatment protocol with only partial resolutions of underlying traumatic material. Guidelines will be discussed to assist clinicians in selecting EMDR targets for optional results which relate to the stages of recovery. EMDR can be used at all stages of recovery to neutralize the negative impact of memories contributing to problematic behaviors, such as urges to use, ambivalence about treatment, fear of facing painfull feelings from the past. EMDR also has the power to install templates for future actions which assist individuals with skill deficits in more rapidly acquiring necessary skills for a successful recovery. Examples of cognitive interweaves are presented which take into consideration clients' readiness, as well as the need to accelerate the recovery process. EMDR has a unique role in the recovery of traumatized individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors since the accelerated processing of negative experiences and the installation of positive adaptive cognitions assist clients in more rapidly overcoming barriers throughout the recovery process. It also challenges rigid approaches to recovery which frequently stress that trauma work should not be attempted before abstinence has been accomplished for a specified period of time. EMDR is especially valuable in processing core issues which center around shame and manifest in cognitions, such as "I am defective," "There is something wrong with me," "I am not good enough," "I am not quite right," "I don't belong," "I don't deserve to live." Case examples will be given as to how such core issues can be targeted to accelerate the recovery process. A.J. Popky has developed a specialized EMDR treatment protocol which targets levels of urges of addictive/compulsive behaviors directly and installs a positive internal state of feeling empowered without relying on compulsive and addictive behaviors. Case examples fiom clinical practice indicate that when levels of urges are targeted directly, underlying traumas frequently emerge without increasing clients' usage. The symposium addresses the application of this protocol to a range of addictive and compulsive behaviors. The Wades' integrative psychotherapy combines ego-state therapy and EMDR in a psychosocial developmental context. Their substance use disorders treatment program incorporates specialized applications of their integrative psychotherapy, which includes both individual and group therapy and employs hypnosis as well as EMDR Their presentation focuses on applications of the standard EMDR protocol in individual therapy, which is limited primarily to desensitization of dysphoric affect and reprocessing negative cognitions associated with grief and trauma. Their conceptual framework of substance use disorders proceeds from a goal of reducing the harm caused by substance use and a primary distinction between functional and autonomous use (rather than the DSM conceptualizations of "dependence" or "abuse") because this guides interventions. Initial treatment planning depends upon external constraints (e.g., lack of support for positive change, hostile environment), internal limitations (e.g., severity of substance use and its effects, neurocognitive deficits, inadequate "ego strength," lack of skills, disrupted psychosocial development, psychological trauma) and the nature of the substance use disorder (i.e., functional, autonomous, or both). Methods include education about substance use disorders and processes of change, group therapy to develop skills and obtain feedback and support, individual therapy to correct disrupted development and resolve traumatic stress reactions, and exercises to apply what is learned in real-life situations. The standard EMDR protocol is applied to disrupted development involving grief and to resolve psychological trauma that lead to substance use. Case vignettes in which such applications of the standard EMDR protocol were employed are presented in detail.

Keywords: Addictions Substance Abuse Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. Dworkin, M. (2008, September). Advanced clinical strategies for clients with complex PTSD and dissociation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clients with complex PTSD and dissociation present many challenges. The neurosciences have helped us to begin to understand and deal with them through a recent clarification of mirror neurons and associated neural structures in both the clinician and client. Concepts from the Boston Change Process Study Group and ego state therapy provide methods of analyzing and intervening in the “microprocesses” that occur in treatment. Hoppenwasser’s concept of “dissociative attunement” challenges thinking about the “multiple self states” both clinician and client operate from. Her ideas push us to rethink current conceptualizations of relatedness. Participants will learn how to deal with ruptures in positive empathy that may result in the history taking, assessment, and desensitization phases. In the preparation phase, participants learn to use the therapeutic relationship as an additional resource for containment. Concepts of dyadic regulation of affect, now moments and moments of meeting will be taught to deal with ruptures to the therapeutic relationship throughout treatment. Dealing productively with countertransference ruptures poses additional challenges. Participants will learn a strategy called the “relational interweave”. Its function is to restore EMDR processing when an interpersonal “event” has temporarily derailed the work. A practicum using Dworkin’s Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire will be held in the afternoon part of the workshop to enhance learning this strategy.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. Nielsen, T. (1991). Affect desensitization: A possible function of REMs in both waking and sleeping states. Sleep Research, 20, 10.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Recent evidence (1) that rapid eye movements (REMs) elicited systemically during psychotherapy (Eye Movement Desensitization/Reprocessing (EMD/R) produce immediate and lasting alleviation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms suggests that the REMs of REM sleep may serve a similiar affect desensitization function (1.2). Although little is known about how EMD/R works, preliminary, positive results from an independent replication (3) and several independent clinical case studies (4.5) have been reported. Exploration of the relationships between EMD/R and REM sleep may thus prove useful in understanding how both RE/R and REM sleep function to modify affect.

Keywords: Affect Rapid Eye Movements REM

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Leeds, A. (2012, June). Affect phobias in EMDR therapy - developing affect tolerance capacities in client and clinician [Fobias afectivas en la terapia con EMDR -‐ El desarrollo de habilidades para la tolerancia afectiva en el cliente y el clínico]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Affect phobias may also be described as psychodynamic or dissociative defenses or as ego state conflicts. When patients present with affect phobias and fail to progress with standard EMDR procedural interventions, EMDR therapy can still be effective when clinicians have the conceptual knowledge and perceptual skills to recognize these defenses, and when they can make use of a flexible set of advanced EMDR procedural stills for responding. EMDR trained clinicians must also confront their own affect phobias and psychodynamic conflicts as they experience a range of responses to their work with patients including countertransference and vicarious traumatization that can disrupt their ability to make use of their conceptual, perceptual and procedural knowledge and skills. This presentation provides an overview of concepts from Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (STDP: McCullough, 1997, 2003) and the Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP: van der Hart, Nijenhuis & Steele, 2006) and identifies procedures from Knipe (1999, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c), Mosquera (2010, 2011), Mosquera and Gonzalez (2010), and Leeds (2001), which clinicians can employ with cases involving affect phobia. We will also consider how clinicians can be sensitive to and mitigate the potential impact of their own affect phobias in their clinical work.

Las fobias al afecto también se pueden describir como defensas psicodinámicas, disociativas ó como conflictos del estado del yo. Cuando los pacientes presentan fobias al afecto y no avanzan con las intervenciones siguiendo los procedimientos de EMDR habituales, EMDR aún puede ser efectivo cuando los clínicos gozan del conocimiento conceptual, así como las habilidades perceptivas para reconocer dichas defensas y cuándo puede servirse de un conjunto flexible de habilidades de procedimiento de EMDR para responder [ante ellas]. Los clínicos formados en el uso de EMDR también han de afrontar sus propias fobias y conflictos psicodinámicos a medida que pasen por una variedad de respuestas a su trabajo con pacientes, incluidas la contra-‐transferencia y la traumatización indirecta que pueden perturbar su capacidad para aprovechar sus conocimientos y habilidades conceptuales, perceptivos y habilidades. La presente ponencia ofrece una visión del conjunto de los conceptos de Short-‐Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (STDP: McCullough, 1997, 2003) [psicoterapia dinámica breve] y de Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP: van der Hart, Nijenhuis & Steele, 2006) [teoría de la disociación estructural de la personalidad] e identifica procedimientos de Knipe (1999, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c), Mosquera (2010, 2011), Mosquera y Gonzalez (2010) y Leeds (2001) que pueden aplicar los clínicos en casos de fobia al afecto. También se contemplará cómo los clínicos pueden estar sensibles ante el impacto potencial de sus propias fobias al afecto y cómo mitigarlo en su trabajo clínico.

Keywords: Affect Phobias

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Sack, M. (2006). Aktuelle befunde zu wirkfaktoren der EMDR-behandlung [Recent findings on effective factors of EMDR treatment]. Sack Website.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Das EMDR-Behandlungsverfahren (EMDR= eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) wurde von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro entwickelt und seit 1989 als manualisiertes Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung von Patienten mit Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen (PTSD) und anderen traumabezogenen Symptomen eingesetzt. Die Grundvorgehensweise besteht darin, dass der Patient in der Sicherheit einer haltgebenden therapeutischen Beziehung eine Konfrontation mit seinen traumatischen Erinnerungen erlebt. Ziel der Traumabearbeitung ist die Integration von kognitiven, emotionalen und körperlichen Reaktionen auf das Trauma indem die Erinnerungen wiederbelebt, wahrgenommen und verarbeitet werden. Anders formuliert, wird die durch das Trauma induzierte Dissoziation wieder aufgehoben. Die in der traumatischen Situation unterbrochene Verbindung zwischen Wahrnehmungen, Gedanken, Emotionen und Körperreaktionen wird wieder hergestellt. Danach erfolgt eine Bearbeitung von dysfunktionalen Kognitionen, wie z.B. von Schuldgefühlen, die auf unrealistischen Einschätzungen der traumatischen Situation beruhen (Shapiro 1998). Abweichend von der klassischen verhaltenstherapeutischen Traumaexposition werden im EMDR die Traumaexpositionsphasen nur relativ kurz (30 – 90 sec) durchgeführt und durch bilaterale Stimulierung in Form von Augenbewegungen (der Hand des Therapeuten mit den Augen folgen) oder durch alternative Berührungsreize auf die linke und rechte Hand (sog. Tapping) oder durch alternativ dargebotene Töne ausgelöst.

The EMDR treatment process (EMDR = eye movement desensitization and Reprocessing) was developed by psychologist Francine Shapiro of the American developed and since 1989 as a manualized therapies for the treatment of Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other traumabezogenen symptoms used. The basic approach is that the patient in the safety of a therapeutic relationship haltgebenden a confrontation with traumatic memories experienced. The aim of the Trauma treatment is the integration of cognitive, emotional and physical Reactions to the trauma memories revived by the perceived and processed. In other words, is induced by the trauma Dissociation rescinded. The interrupted in the traumatic situation Link between perceptions, thoughts, emotions and Reaction of the body is restored. This is followed by a treatment of dysfunctional cognitions, e.g. feelings of guilt, based on unrealistic Assessments of the traumatic situation are based (Shapiro 1998). Notwithstanding are from the classical behavioral trauma exposure in EMDR the phases of trauma exposure is relatively short (30-90 sec) and conducted by bilateral stimulation in the form of eye movements (the hand of the therapist follow with the eyes) or by alternative tactile stimuli on the left and right hand (so-called tapping) or alternatively Helping sounds triggered.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment (2001, April). Alert: EMDR - Psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people - early assessment briefs. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU).

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Findings by SBU Alert, Version: 1,
METHOD AND TARGET GROUP: EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
PATIENTS BENEFITS, RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS: Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS: There are no economic assessments of EMDR. Limited data suggest that fewer treatments are needed to achieve the desired outcome with EMDR compared to other psychotherapeutic methods. This suggests that EMDR is a potentially cost-effective method in relation to the alternatives, under the assumption that the effects of treatment are permanent.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE: There is moderate* scientific evidence to show the benefits of EMDR treatment in children and adolescents. There is no* documentation concerning the cost-effectiveness or effects beyond 6 months. Since the scientific documentation is limited, the effects of EMDR treatment in both the short and long term should be compared in studies with other treatment alternatives, including standard treatment. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the method should be studied under Swedish conditions. *This assessment by SBU Alert uses a 4-point scale to grade the quality and evidence of the scientific documentation. The grades indicate: (1) good, (2) moderate, (3) poor, or (4) no scientific evidence on the subject. This summary is based on a report prepared at SBU in collaboration with Kerstin Bergh Johannesson, Lic. Psychol., Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala and has been reviewed by Prof. Mats Fredriksson, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
REFERENCES: 1.) Cahill SP, Carrigan MH, Frueh BC. Does EMDR work? And if so, why? A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):5-33. 2.) Chemtob CM, Nakashima J, Hamada R, Carlson J. Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related PTSD: a field study. J Clin Psychol, in press. 3.) Chemtob et al. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In: Foa EB, Keane TM, Friedman MJ, eds. Effective treatments for PTSD. New York: Guilford, 2000. 4.) Devilly GJ, Spence SH. The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorders. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):131-57. 5.) Lovett J. Small Wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: Free Press, 1999. 6.) Macklin ML, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Berry NJ, Orr SP, Pitman RK. Five-year follow-up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat-related post traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2000;41(1),24-27. 7.) Puffer MK, Greenwald R, Elrod DE. A treatment outcome study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized children and adolescents. Presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Denver, June 1996. 8.) Renfrey G, Spates CR. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A partial dismantling procedure. J Behav Ther Experiment Psychiatr 1994;25:231-239. 9.) Scheck MM, Schaeffer JA, Gilette CS. Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. J Trauma Stress 1998;11:25-44. 10.) Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures. New York: Guilford Press, 1995. 11.) Stallard P, Velleman R, Baldwin S. Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents. BMJ 1998;317:1619-1623. 12.) Soberman GB, Greenwald R, Rule DL. A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. J Aggression Maltreatment Trauma, in press. 13.) Tinker RH, Wilson SA. Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with children. New York: Norton & Co, 1999. 14.) van der Kolk B. Biological response to psychic trauma. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York: Plenum Press, 1993:25-33. 15.) van der Kolk B, Burbridge J, Susuki J. The psychobiology of traumatic memory; clinical implications of neuroimagery studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997;821:99-113. 16.) van Etten M, Taylor S. Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 1998;5:126-144. 17.) Wilson SA, Becker LA, Tinker RH. Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65(6):1047-1056. 18.) Wilson SA, Tinker RH, Hoff.
Alert is a joint effort by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), the Medical Products Agency, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Federation of Swedish County Councils. The complete report is available in Swedish only.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Guidelines PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Borkin, S. (2000, September). All the write stuff: The integration of writing to enhance and expand the use of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Conference, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participatns will learn to: 1) assist clients in focusing and clarifying targets and cognitions to differentiate between competency blocks vs. creative process blocks; 2) introduce and integrate literary interweaves;" 3) instruct clients in the use of recording practices to enhance EMDR session follow-up; and 4) employ the use of writing for self-use of EMDR.

Keywords: Creative Process Block Literary Intereaves Process Block Re-Evaluation Writing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. Sukirna, S. (2010, July). Alleviating physical tension and pain using EMDR. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This paper describes the utilization of EMDR for physical pain and tension suffered by three tsunami survivors. Physical pain can be conceptualized as caused by trauma, a reaction to trauma, may be exacerbated by trauma or a cause of trauma. Even if it is purely physical, pain apparently impacts psychological aspect of a person e.g. emotion, cognition. EMDR was used to process physical pain due to motorbike accidents and severe headache that presumably related to high blood pressure or sun stroke. During desensitization phase the patients focused mainly on their pain or part of the body that was dysfunctional, while simultaneously attended to the sensation of tapping. All of the patients admitted that the pain were completely alleviated and positive change of cognition occurred after one session of 25-35 minute (desensitization phase with tapping) EMDR. The effect of these one-session EMDR treatments on those patients maintained for months later.

Keywords: Pain Physical Tension

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. de Roos, C., & Went, M. (2011, April). Als woorden tekort schieten: EMDR bij preverbaal trauma [When words fail: EMDR for pre-verbal trauma]. Presentatie op de 5e jaarlijkse conferentie van EMDR Vereniging, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Infants (0-4 jarigen) kunnen allerlei traumatische gebeurtenissen meemaken zoals intrusieve medische handelingen, een ongeluk, seksueel misbruik en andere vormen van mishandeling. Daarnaast zijn er negatieve ervaringen die niet duidelijk identificeerbaar zijn zoals chronische oorpijn- of buikpijn. Ook deze ervaringen beinvloeden de ouder-kind interactie/ hechtingsrelatie en hebben daarmee hun weerslag op het vermogen tot emotieregulatie en het gedrag. Herinneringen aan deze gebeurtenissen zijn preverbaal en dus niet op bewust nivo toegankelijk. Daardoor worden zij gemakkelijk over het hoofd gezien als mede-oorzaak of instandhoudende factor van emotionele of gedragsproblematiek in de basisschoolleeftijd. Na aanmelding bij de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg wordt behandeling daarom vaak gericht op de aanpak van de huidige gedragsproblematiek (symptoombestrijding). Onze ervaring is dat EMDR hier een goede aanvulling biedt. Deze methode richt zich immers op de ‘onderlaag’ van de problematiek door negatieve ervaringen die hieraan gerelateerd zijn te verwerken. Daarna kan een inhaalslag gemaakt worden met betrekking tot de emotieregulatie waardoor zowel gedrag als de ouder-kind interactie verbeteren. Aan de hand van casuïstiek van infants en schoolkinderen wordt de indicatiestelling en toepassing getoond van het EMDR protocol bij de behandeling van kinderen die in de eerste 4 levensjaren getraumatiseerd zijn. In de presentatie wordt geillustreerd hoe de ‘verhalenmethode’ geintegreerd kan worden in een breder behandelaanbod. Werkvorm In de presentatie worden theorie en praktijk gecombineerd. Videobeelden ondersteunen het verhaal.

Infants (0-4 years), all kinds of traumatic experience as intrusive medical procedures, accidents, sexual abuse and other forms ofof abuse . There are also negative experiences that are not clearly identifiable as chronic ear pain or abdominal pain. These experiences affect the parent-infant interaction / attachment relationship and thus have their impact on the capacity for emotion regulation and behavior. Memories of these events are preverbal and not accessible on a conscious level. Thus they are easily overlooked as a cause or co-maintaining factor of emotional or behavioral problems in primary school. After reporting to the Mental Health Treatment is therefore often aimed at addressing the current behavioral problems (symptoms). Our experience here is that EMDR provides a good addition. This method is focused on the 'layer' of the problem by negative experiences related to this process. Then caught up with regard to both behavior and emotion regulation allowing the parent-child interactions improve. Through case studies of infants and schoolchildren being shown the indication and application of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of children who are traumatized life on April 1. The presentation illustrated how the 'stories'method can be incorporated into a broader range of treatment. Form In the presentation combines theory and practice. Video images support the story.

Keywords: Infants Children Pre-Verbal Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

62. Wartik, N. (1994, Aug 7). The amazingly simple, inexplicable therapy. Los Angeles Magazine, 9.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
I've just seen a demonstration taped during the course of a recent study, of what's probably the most controversial psychotherapy in use today. In 1989, the first articles about an improbable-sounding tech nique for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (F'ISD) appeared in the psychological literature. PTSD. an anxiety disorder with a multitude of mental and physical symptoms, strikes after an ordeal such as rape. combat. chid abuse or natural disaster and can permanently scar a psyche. But with little more than a wave of the hand, it seemed, Eye Movement Desensitizatior. and Reprocessing (EMDR) could undo trauma's tormenting effects in a remarkably short time, sometimes in a single session. The procedure, originated by psychologist Francine

Keywords: General Mary Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

63. Becker, C. B., Darius, E., & Schaumberg, K. (2007, December). An analog study of patient preferences for exposure versus alternative treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(12), 2861-2873. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.05.006.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Although several efficacious treatments for PTSD exist, these treatments are currently underutilized in clinical practice. To address this issue, research must better identify barriers to dissemination of these treatments. This study investigated patient preferences for PTSD treatment given a wide range of treatment options in an analog sample. 160 individuals, with varying degrees of trauma history, were asked to imagine themselves undergoing a trauma, developing PTSD, and seeking treatment. Participants evaluated 7 different treatment descriptions, which depicted treatment options that they might encounter in a clinical setting. Participants rated their most and least preferred treatments along with their personal reactions to and the perceived credibility of each treatment. Participants also completed a critical thinking skills questionnaire. Participants predominantly chose exposure or another variant of cognitive-behavioral therapy as their most preferred therapy, and those who chose exclusively empirically supported treatments evidenced higher critical thinking skills. The present study contributes to a growing literature indicating that patients may be more interested in these therapies than indicated by utilization rates. The problem of underutilization of empirically supported treatments for PTSD in clinical practice may be due to therapist factors. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Cognitive Processes Cognitive Therapy College Students Evidence Based Treatment Exposure Empirically Supported Treatment Patient Preference Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Stressors Survivors TFT Thought Field Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

64. Lee, C. (2005, September). An analysis of critical processes and components in EMDR treatment of trauma memories. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the effectiveness of EMDR. Participants will be presented with information to facilitate their understanding of two competing hypotheses to account for EMDR effectiveness. Namely, because it uses similar processes found effective in traditional exposure treatments (reliving). Alternaitvely according to Shapiro's proposal of dual process of attention, the procedure may be successful because it elicits distancing responses. Participants will be able to describe how these competing hypotheses were investigated. The responses made by 44 participants with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were examined during their first EMDR treatment session. Participants will be able to describe the key process variable found to be effective in EMDR treatment of trauma memories and the extent to which this process is determined by eye movement or by therapist instructions.

Keywords: Dual Attention Mechanism of Action Reliving

Accuracy Verified: Yes

65. Xue, C. (2001, May). An analysis of stimulus conditions for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in psychotherapy. Pyschologie in Osterreich, 5, 434-441.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Keywords: Stimulus Conditions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

66. Tibaldi, M. (1996, June). Analytical psychology and EMDR: “active imagination” and “eye movements” in Jungian practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this paper I shall be talking about the integration of eye movements in Jungian analysis. I am going to open my paper with a short historical premise, in order to frame Carl Gustav Jung's analytical psychology within the broader context of depth psychologies; then I shall be describing the most important concepts of Jungian model and the methodology of active imagination, explaining, to the end, through a short clinical example, the reasons why I have been induced to integrate 'eye movements' and 'active imagination' in the analytical setting, to process, in particular, 'opaque' somatic symptoms. The aim of this paper is to point out, on the one hand, the surprising affinity among some aspects of the Jungian model, EMDR and the results of contemporary neuro-scientific trauma researchs and to show, on the other hand, the synergic effect of eye movements and active imagination in enlightening and unconscious sufferings.

Keywords: Analytical Psychology Jung

Accuracy Verified: Yes

67. Roker, A. (2000, May 24). Ann Curry faces her fear of sharks. NBC Today Show, 7:00 AM. ET..

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract: Curry: The theory behind this therapy, often called EMDR, is that when a disturbing event occurs, it can get locked in the nervous system with the original picture, sounds, thoughts, and feelings. The eye movement purportedly serves to unlock the nervous system and allow the brain to process the unconscious painful memories.

Keywords: General Overview Phobia Sharks

Accuracy Verified: Yes

68. Dunton, R. (1992, July). Application of EMDR in the learning process. Presentation at the Fourth World Congress on Behaviour Therapy, Queensland, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Individuals who have experienced learning blocks, feeling of underachievement, and patterns of failure in school and/or the work place often manifest low self-esteem, frustration, anxiety, and hopelessness, causing them to become overly sensitive to criticism, distracted by thoughts of anger, to exhibit acting out behaviour and to alienate peers. This in turn causes a continuation of learning deficits. Since EMDE can be used to desensitise reactions to past events and present stimili, as well as install positive self-assessments, it has proved very useful in the treatment of children and adults with learning problems.

Keywords: Education Learning Process

Accuracy Verified: Yes

69. Manfield, P., & Shapiro, F. (2003). The application of EMDR to the treatment of personality disorders. In J. F. Magnavita (Ed.), Handbook of Personality Disorders: Theory and Practice (pp. 304-330). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Since its inception in 1987, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has evolved into an integrated approach to psychotherapy that synthesizes aspects of the major psychological orientations. As such, its comprehensive treatment effects span cognitive, somatic, and affective domains (Shapiro, 2002). Although most widely used to process single or multiple incident traumatic memories, it can be used effectively to treat many conditions. In this chapter, we describe the theoretical foundations of this approach and how it is used to treat personality disorders. A fundamental principle of the Adaptive Information Processing Model is that present disturbance and dysfunctional characteristics have their origins in past events; these antecedents, whether identified or not, can be processed to an adaptive resolution using EMDR. In treating personality disorders, the EMDR approach integrates procedures from many other orientations to stabilize clients and equip them to address their source memories. The accelerated processing of disturbing memories that takes place during EMDR makes it possible for clients to address and resolve their issues relatively rapidly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Personality Disorders Psychotherapeutic Processes Theories

Accuracy Verified: Yes

70. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Application of mindfulness for impulse control and self harm. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Self harm presents a risk in using EMDR with emotionally vulnerable clients, due to the dangers of their immediate behaviours. However, often these behaviours are in response to deep-seated memories linked to traumas, which with the help of EMDR could safely be processed once the impulsive and risky behaviours are controlled. Mindfulness has been utilised by the Author as a stabilisation method of reducing dissociation in clients, prior to trauma processing (CEP conference – Darker-Smith, 2005). More recently, the author has discovered that the application of mindfulness and imagery techniques work more effectively for clients with tendencies for self-harm, compared to alternative behavioural techniques designed to distract from or substitute for impulsive desires to self-harm (e.g.., the use of ice cubes or elastic bans, to create a distraction from the impulse). Two groups were studied in the process of treating co-morbid symptoms for alternative conditions with EMDR, ranging from eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma, prior to EMDR processing. For clinical reasons, clients with depression, personality disorders and other Axis 2 disorders were not included in this study due to contraindications in current research relating to Mindfulness. Participants self-harming behaviours related to superficial cutting, punching, and burning. Group 1 consisted of six clients who were offered alternative behavioural techniques (e.g., elastic bands or ice cubes) to distract or substitute for the desire for self-harm. Group 2 consisted of eight clients who were offered mindfulness techniques, including imagery meditations to distract or substitute for the desire to self harm. The groups were distributed as evenly as possible and no major emphasis was placed on the treatment of self-harming behaviours, instead being placed on the major problems (anxiety, eating disorder or trauma).
The Group (1)[consisted of 6 persons:(3 with Anxiety, 3 with Eating Disorders, 1 with Trauma)] who were offered suitable behavioural techniques utilised them effectively when their distress levels were mild (between 1-4 on a 0-8 behavioural scale), however, reverted back t self harming behaviours (e.g., cutting, burning, pinching) when distress levels reached 5 or higher. The Group (2)[consisted of 8 persons: (3 with Anxiety, 4 with Eating Disorders, 1 with Trauma)] who were offered aspects of Mindfulness training to facilitate tolerance of distressing emotions and being aware of the active moment did not tend (on average) to revert back to self-harming behaviours, choosing instead to utilise mindfulness methods (such as 3-minute breathing space).
Conclusion: Mindfulness is more effective as impulse control for self-harming behaviours than behavioural alternative strategies and can be utilised as a form of stabilisation in combination with controlling impulsive behaviours, prior to EMDR.

Keywords: Impulse Control Mindfulness Poster Self Harm

Accuracy Verified: Yes

71. Vos, S. M. (2005, December). An application of the transtheoretical model to a case of sexual trauma in middle childhood. University of Stellenbosch. doi:10019.1/2938 .

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study demonstrates the use of the transtheoretical model in the context of sexual trauma in middle childhood. Exploring contemporary literature I found that there is no literature in South Africa available on this topic. It was not until 1997 that the transtheoretical model was implemented internationally with regard to sexual abuse. Taking this in consideration, I realised that there was much scope for exploring, discovering and reflecting on the transtheoretical model and its use within the boundaries of childhood sexual trauma. A qualitative case study within the social constructivist/interpretive paradigm, was chosen as research design. The study involved a participant in middle childhood. Elna (pseudonym) was selected from referrals from the Child Protection Unit of the South African Police Services to the Unit for Educational Psychology at Stellenbosch. The reason for referring Elna to the Unit was because of the negative and diverse effects sexual trauma had on her life story. The study explores the transtheoretical model and the appropriateness thereof as alternative treatment model in a case of sexual trauma, as well as insight into progression of the client in the therapeutic process. Data was collected by means of interviews and therapy sessions during which Narrative therapy, EMDR, sandtray therapy (used in a narrative context) and art therapy techniques were used in an integrated manner. The data was analysed by means of interpreting codes, categories and themes. The study concluded with a discussion of the findings and a reflection on the impact the use of the transtheoretical model had on me as a research-therapist-in-training. The literature review and the findings of this research suggest that the transtheoretical model can be applied effectively to a case of sexual trauma in middle childhood. The use of the model also gives insight into progression of the client in the therapeutic process. Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.

Keywords: Narrative Therapy South Africa Transtheoretical Model

Accuracy Verified: Yes

72. De Sensi Fontera, A. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dell’EMDR i soggetto di 9 anni affetto da ADHD [Applying EMDR the subject of 9 years with ADHD]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
L’EMDR è stato applicato in un caso di una ragazza d’anni nove, Iris, affetta da ADHD (DSM – IV F90. 0). L’EMDR è stato integrato in un percorso di psicoterapia classica e con interventi sull’interazione dei sistemi Famiglia, Sanità, Scuola. L’EMDR è stato rivolto anche alle figure parentali per elaborare alcuni degli eventi traumatici che avevano contribuito allo sviluppo del disturbo nella bambina e, in particolare, per la madre sulla diagnosi. Il ruolo dell’EMDR è stato significativo nella risoluzione dei sintomi e ha contribuito all’efficacia dell’intervento complessivo. E’ stato particolarmente efficace per la risoluzione della “coazione a ripetere” e per l’integrazione intrapsichica della personalità d’Iris.

EMDR has been applied in a case of a girl of nine years, Iris, who suffers from ADHD (DSM -- IV F90. 0). EMDR has been integrated into a course of psychotherapy and classical interventions interaction of the family system, Health, School. EMDR has been addressed also to the figures parental to process some of the traumatic events that had contributed to the development of disorder in children and, in particular, for the mother on the diagnosis. The role of EMDR was significant in the resolution of symptoms and has contributed to the effectiveness of the intervention overall. It 'been particularly effective for the resolution of the "repetition compulsion" and Integration Intrapsychic personality of Iris.

Keywords: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

73. De Marco, A. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dell’EMDR nel lutto complicate-resoconto di un caso clinico [Application EMDR in complicated grief-reporting of clinical case]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
L’articolo si propone di evidenziare l’efficacia dell’EMDR nei casi di lutto, in particolare quando questo evento implica un trauma psicologico, che interferisce con il normale processo di elaborazione della perdita. Si delinea allora una situazione definita “lutto complicato o traumatico”, che determina una elaborazione complessa dell’evento luttuoso bloccandone la sua risoluzione. Una perdita traumatica sconvolge le capacità di coping della persona e pregiudica le sue facoltà di adattamento, aumentando il disagio e complicando l’elaborazione dell’evento. Laddove il lutto acuto è dominato dal trauma, l’impiego dell’EMDR facilita il passaggio il passaggio attraverso le varie fasi dell’elaborazione del lutto e favorisce l’assimilazione e l’adattamento alla perdita. Ad illustrare quanto enunciato dal punto di vista teorico viene presentato un caso clinico, nel quale un lutto complicato, strettamente connesso a sintomi depressivi, viene sbloccato e ricondotto ad un normale processo di elaborazione grazie all’applicazione dell’EMDR su un solo targhet specifico. La paziente, una giovane donna di 24 anni, presentava un disturbo distimico di gravità moderata, con spunti ansiosi. Non prendeva psicofarmaci. Qualche anno prima le era stato diagnosticato un disturbo di panico con agorafobia e aveva assunto Lexotan per un certo periodo. Sono stati somministrati appositi test psicologici, all’inizio e al termine della terapia finalizzata all’elaborazione del lutto. Un altro re-test è stato fatto a distanza di un anno circa.

The article aims to highlight the effectiveness of EMDR in cases of bereavement, particularly when this event involves a psychological trauma, which interferes with the normal process of elaboration of the loss. It then outlines a situation as "complicated grief or traumatic, determines a complex event processing mournful blocking its resolution. A traumatic loss upsets the coping skills of the person and impairs his ability to adaptation, increasing the discomfort and complicating the development of the event. where the mourning is dominated by acute trauma, the use EMDR facilitates the passage through the various stages of mourning and promotes assimilation and adaptation to loss. Illustrate what is stated by the theoretical point of view is presented a clinical case in which a complicated grief, which is closely linked to depressive symptoms, is unlocked and returned to a normal process by applying EMDR on one target specific. The patient, a young woman of 24 years, had a dysthymic disorder of moderate severity, with ideas anxious. Not taking psychotropic drugs. A few years earlier had been diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia and had taken Lexotan for a certain period. Appropriate psychological tests were administered at the beginning and end of therapy aimed elaboration of mourning. Another re-test was done at a distance of about one year.

Keywords: Complicated Grief Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

74. Callipo, N. (2007-2008). Applicazioni del pensiero controfattuale negli esiti post-traumatici [Applications of counterfactual thinking in post-traumatic events]. Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Applicazione del pensiero controfattuale negli esiti post-traumatici 1. Introduzione. Il pensiero controfattuale è un processo che esprime la capacità di riflettere e modificare gli scenari di situazioni da cui sarebbero potuti conseguire esiti differenti dalla realtà. Nella quotidianità è comune che un sentimento di rammarico – il regret - venga provato a seguito di una discrepanza tra i risultati attesi e la realtà. La ricerca e l’esperienza condivisa dicono che, rilevare le differenze tra ciò che avremmo voluto e ciò che abbiamo ottenuto, ci aiuta a pianificare azioni più efficaci nel futuro. Tuttavia, in condizioni di elevato stress, come quello provato dopo un evento indesiderato e traumatico, possono fare irruzione nella coscienza pensieri nella forma “Se solo non fossi stato così…”, oppure “Se solo non avessi fatto” o “Se avessi fatto qualcosa per evitare tutto ciò”; nel tentativo di annullare (undoing) idealmente le conseguenze dell’accaduto. Questi pensieri controfattuali possono sortire l’effetto di amplificare emozioni e sentimenti come il biasimo, la rabbia, la vergogna e il senso di colpa. L’attitudine alla generazione automatica, indiscriminata e non finalizzata all’azione, di domande e affermazioni ricorsive, può condensarsi in un particolare stile di pensiero – la ruminazione – che sottende sensazioni di disagio diffuse e invalidanti, come gli stati depressivi, ansiosi ed ossessivi. La prima parte di questo lavoro è occupato da una rassegna sulle ricerche che, inizialmente, pongono il pensiero controfattuale nel quadro delle più generali abilità di problem-solving; successivamente, la prospettiva funzionale, riesce a farne risaltare il versante adattivo, rilevante ai fini della regolazione degli stati affettivi e, più in generale, del mantenimento della salute mentale. Nella seconda parte viene discusso il ruolo del pensiero controfattuale, in relazione al suo versante disfunzionale , con particolare riguardo agli esiti post-traumatici. Nella terza parte vengono analizzati i modelli di elaborazione delle informazioni che riconoscono un ruolo al pensiero controfattuale nella regolazione dell’umore, citando alcuni paradigmi psicoterapeutici, tra cui l’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), ideato da Francine Shapiro. Per verificare l’applicazione del pensiero controfattuale nel trattamento degli esiti post-traumatici sono stati riportati due esempi: uno tratto dalla letteratura sull’EMDR e un caso di disturbo ansioso-depressivo, in trattamento con psicoterapia a orientamento cognitivo.

Application of counterfactual thinking in a post-traumatic results. Introduction. The counterfactual thinking is a process that expresses the ability to reflect and change scenarios of situations that could have been large gains different from reality. In everyday life it is common that a feeling of regret - the regret - should be tried as a result of a discrepancy between expected results and reality. The research says that shared experience, point out the differences between what we wanted and what we have achieved, helps us to plan more effective actions in the future. However, under conditions of high stress, such as that experienced after a traumatic event and unwanted, they can break into the conscious thoughts in the form "If only I had not been so ..." or "If only I had not done" or "If I had done something to avoid anything "in an attempt to cancel (undoing) the ideal of what the consequences. These counterfactual thoughts may have the effect of amplifying emotions and feelings such as blame, anger, shame and guilt. The ability to generate automatic, indiscriminate and not action-oriented questions and statements recursive, it can condense into a particular style of thinking - rumination - that underlies feelings of discomfort common and disabling, such as depression, anxiety and obsessive . The first part of this work is occupied by a review of the research that initially pose the counterfactual thinking in the context of more general skills of problem-solving, since then the functional perspective, can bring out the side adaptive, relevant to the regulation of affective states and, more generally, of maintaining mental health. The second part discussed the role of counterfactual thinking, in relation to its dysfunctional side, especially with regard to post-traumatic results. In the third part analyzes the patterns of information processing that recognize a role in regulating mood counterfactual thinking, citing some psychotherapeutic paradigms, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), developed by Francine Shapiro. To test the application of counterfactual thinking in the treatment of post-traumatic results were two examples: one taken from the literature on EMDR and a case of anxiety-depressive disorder, treatment with cognitive-oriented psychotherapy.

Keywords: Counterfactual Thinking Informational Processing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

75. Sukirna, S., Sadatun, T. I., & Direzkia, Y. (2008, June). Applying EMDR for tsunami survivors with severe PTSD in a disaster region with minimum mental health facilities. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Tsunami that hit Aceh on the 26th of December 2004 taken approximately 150,000 lives has changed the region into a devastated area. Although health services and facilities had been re-established and some NGOs started delivering psychosocial and mental health services, only a few of them focussed on effective trauma therapy while the number of survivors who need the treatment are enormous. Tsunami survivors in this region are more likely to suffer from complex PTSD because of years of armed-conflict had been going on in this region. A survey conducted by Crisis Centre of the Faculty of Psychology University of Indonesia in collaboration with Terre des Hommes Germany showed high incidents of various psychological disorders amongst child survivors.. The program of trauma therapy and EMDR organized by Indonesian Psychological Association and TdH Germany funded by BMZ Germany since 2006 has treated a good number of tsunami survivors with severe PTSD. Hyperarousal, flashbacks and bad dreams, avoidance, and somatisation are common. There has been no indication whether there has been a natural process of recovery among those who were not treated. Starting in February 2008 a controlled study on the effectiveness of EMDR is conducted with 30 tsunami survivors with PTSD that will be randomized into two groups of 15. The treatment group will be given EMDR therapy until April 2008 and waitlist group will be given EMDR in May 2008. The effectiveness of EMDR will be measured using IES, HTQ, DES pre and post treatment with EMDR. First follow up will be collected until June 2008.

Keywords: Disasters Poster Tsumani

Accuracy Verified: Yes

76. Ahmad, A., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2007, September). Applying EMDR on children with PTSD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17(3), 127-132. doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0646-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: To find out child-adjusted protocol for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Methods: Child-adjusted modification were made in the original adult-based protocol, and within-session measurements, when EMDR was used in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on thirty-three 6–16-year-old children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results: EMDR was applicable after certain modifications adjusted to the age and developmental level of the child. The average treatment effect size was largest on re-experiencing, and smallest on hyperarousal scale. The age of the child yielded no significant effects on the dependent variables in the study. Conclusions: A child-adjusted protocol for EMDR is suggested after being applied in a RCT for PTSD among traumatized and psychosocially exposed children (Springer).

Keywords: Case Studies Children Child Psychiatry Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Quantitative Study Randomize Control Trial RCT Trauma Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

77. Greenwald, R. (1994, Winter). Applying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to the treatment of traumatized children: Five case studies. Anxiety Disorders Practice Journal, 1(2), 83-97.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed psychotherapy method that appears to increase efficiency in treating traumatized psychological disturbance. Applications to child treatment were explored in five case studies of children suffering from post-traumatic symptoms several months after Hurricane Andrew. Subjects were treated with one or two EMDR sessions, until Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUDS) went to 0. Follow-up parent interviews at one and four weeks post-treatment found all subjects returning to pre-trauma levels of functioning, with additional improvement in some cases. Further study is recommended. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Females Hurricane Andrew (1992) Hurricanes Males School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

78. Piffaut, A. M. (2007, Juin). Apport de l'EMDR dans le traitement de l'hyperacousie, des vertiges et des acouphenes, ORL psychosomatique [EMDR in the treatment of hypercousy, vertigo, and acouphens. Psychosomatic ORL]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Je voudrais partager avec vous mon bonheur de pratiquer l'EMDR et de la communication des résultats dans ma spécialité (ORL Ear Nose Throat) associée à une compétence dans phoniatrique. Je n'ai jamais réussi à guérir des patients présentant une hyperacousie douloureuse à l'aide de l'analyse transactionnelle et de la thérapie comportementale et cognitive. Ces personnes ont tendance à s'isoler, cesser de travailler, devenir ou sont socialement phobique. J'ai reçu des patients dans l'incapacité de travail. Ils sont obligés de porter un casque pour se protéger des bruits extérieurs. Leur situation est aggravée par l'acouphène, car si elles s'isoler pour se protéger contre le bruit qu'ils perçoivent encore plus leurs acouphènes.
Depuis que j'utilise l'EMDR, ces personnes ne guérir. L'autre jour, une personne qui avait souffert de l'hyperacousie pendant douze ans et même dû arrêter de travailler à cause d'elle, m'a fait écrire un document dans lequel je l'ai noté sous sa dictée qu'elle se trouva guérie. Ce certificat a été destiné à son médecin de l'entreprise afin d'éviter l'incapacité, un processus qui était en cours. Depuis, elle a pu circuler dans un train dans la zone entre deux voitures (pas loin de 100 dB) et n'a pas souffert. Un enfant, même crié à côté d'elle et elle n'a pas non plus se sentir quelque chose de désagréable. Elle est étonnée et je le suis aussi
L'objectif était de supporter le bruit intense d'une formation en passant sur un pont alors qu'elle était sous le pont. Il a été la pire situation pour elle parce que la plus intense en termes de décibels. Elle étudie plusieurs canaux dans sa mémoire jusqu'à ce qu'elle se souvenait d'un avortement horrible. Les bruits, les mots de l'équipe médicale, tous les souvenirs audience ont été poignées. C'est seulement avec l'EMDR que j'ai réussi à traiter les hyperacousie jusqu'à disparition. J'ai reçu cette personne 7 fois ¾ d'heure. Avant l'EMDR, j'ai parfois reçu jusqu'à deux ans, ces patients à la vitesse d'une session tous les deux pue et il a eu, au mieux, une amélioration de leur confort. Le bonheur de ce dernier patient était telle que j'ai eu à le partager. Depuis, elle va sur les forums de discussion pour encourager les personnes qui souffrent de ce trouble.

I would like to share with you my happiness to practice EMDR and to notice it results in my specialty ENT (Ear Nose Throat) associated to a competence in Phoniatric. I never managed to cure patients presenting a painful hyperacusis by using the transactional analysis and the behavioral and cognitive therapy. These persons tend to isolate themselves, stop working, become or are socially phobic. I received some patients in incapacity to work. They are obliged to wear a helmet to protect themselves from outside noises. Their situation is aggravated by tinnitus because if they isolate themselves to protect themselves from the noise they perceive even more their tinnitus.
Since I use EMDR, these persons do cure. The other day, one person that had been suffering of hyperacusis for twelve years and even had to stop working because of it, made me write a document where I noted under her dictation that she found herself cured. This certificate was intended for her company doctor to avoid the incapacity, a process that was in progress. Since then, she was able to circulate in a train in the zone between two cars (not far from 100 DB) and did not suffer. A child even screamed next to her and she also didn’t feel anything unpleasant. She is astonished and so am I.
The target was to bear the intense noise of a training passing on a bridge while she was under the bridge. It was the worst situation for her because the most intense in terms of decibels. She investigates several canals in her memory until she remembered a horrible abortion. The noises, the words of the medical team, all the hearing recollections were handles. It is only with EMDR that I managed to treat the hyperacusis until it disappearance. I received this person 7 times ¾ of an hour. Before the EMDR, I sometimes received up to two years these patients at the rate of a session every two reeks and it led to at best an improvement of their comfort. The happiness of this last patient was such that I had to share it. Ever since, she goes on forums of discussion to encourage the persons who suffer from this disorder.

Keywords: Hyperacusis Vertigo

Accuracy Verified: Yes

79. Devilly, G. J. (2004, December). An approach to psychotherapy toleration: The Distress/Endorsement Toleration Scale (DEVS) clinical outcome studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35(4), 319-336. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.08.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The issue of treatment tolerance within the field of psychotherapy is, at best, a nebulous construct and has been commonly evaluated via rates of subject attrition and homework compliance. This research presents the psychometric properties of a ten-item scale which endeavours to measure treatment distress and participant endorsement of therapy protocols used in clinical research. Two factors emerged and the subscales of Distress and Endorsement were derived. These subscales displayed good reliability with acceptable inter-item correlations within each subscale. The subscales were also able to differentiate the perspectives of male Vietnam veterans from their spouses on a lifestyle management course at the termination of intervention. However, this scale also displayed a cognitive behavioural trauma treatment protocol and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing to be equivalent in treatment distress and participant endorsement in the treatment of PTSD. Preliminary findings suggest that the relationship between these two subscales and outcome may, to some extent, be population specific. First evidence suggests that intervention distress ratings may be influenced by severity of presentation, whilst endorsement ratings are more influenced by symptomatic improvement over time. Suggestions for future research are presented and the full questionnaire is attached as an appendix. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Australians Cognitive Therapy Distress Family Therapy Endorsement Females Males Outcome Psychotherapeutic Processes Questionnaire Self Report Instruments Spouses Tolerance Treatment Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

80. Tardy, J., & El Farricha, M. (2007, Juin). Approache Ericksonienne du traumatisme psychique et thérapie EMDR [Ericksonian approach of trauma]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Les techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne sont des outils très utiles au cours d’une psychothérapie, spécialement avec les personnes ayant connu des traumatismes répétés dans l’enfance. En effect, par le biais d’une dissociation thérapeutique, patient et thérapeute on accès à la mémoire traumatique neurobiologique et psychologique et le patient pourra (ré)experimenter la confiance dans ses propres forces naturelles.
Cependant, manié avec peu de précaution l’hypnose risqué d’aggraver la dissociation pathologique. L’association des techniques éricksoniennes et du protocole de la thérapie EMDR augmente les capacitiés de l’espirt et du corps et offre au paitent un meilleur contrôle émotionnel et un amélioration del la (ré)orientation à la réalité.
Le travail des auteurs est a situé dans le cadre de la psychothérapie brève des victimes et s’appuie sur une approche éricksonienne du traumatisme psychique et la thérapie EMDR en tant que novelle méthode thérapeutique efficace pour l’ESPT.
Mohammed El Farricha et Josette Tardy psychologues cliniciens, présenteront un apercu d’un programme de traitement psychothérapique expérimenté avec des patients en ambulatoire ces dix dernières années.
Dans cet atelier l’accent sera plus particulièrement mis sur l’apport des techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne qui semblent cliniquement efficaces et peuvent venir renforcer le protocole EMDR au cours des phases: evaluation et terminaison.
Il s’agira par exemple de démontrer comment, lors de l’évaluation, guider la personne vers la concentration interne nécessaire à une desensitisation complete? Ou encore comment mieux projeter le patient dans un future <> des limitations du traumatisme?

Ericksonian hypnosis techniques are useful tools in the course of psychotherapy, especially with people who have experienced repeated trauma in childhood. In effect, through a separation treatment, patient and therapist is memory access neurobiological and psychological trauma for the patient to (re) experiment confidence in its own natural forces. However, handled with some caution hypnosis risked aggravating the pathological dissociation. The combination of Ericksonian techniques and EMDR protocol extends the capabilities of espirt and body and offers better paitent emotional control and improvement del (re) orientation to reality. The authors' work is situated in brief psychotherapy of victims and an approach based on Ericksonian of psychic trauma and EMDR as an effective therapeutic method novella for PTSD. Mohammed El Farricha and Josette Tardy clinical psychologists, will present an overview of a program of psychotherapy experimented with outpatients in the last ten years. In this workshop the emphasis will be placed on the contribution of Ericksonian hypnosis techniques that seem clinically effective and can reinforce the EMDR protocol in phases: evaluation and termination. Some examples demonstrate how, during the evaluation, guide the person towards the internal concentration required for a complete desensitisation? Or how to better plan the patient in a future <> limitations of trauma?

Keywords: Erickson Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

81. Bossini, L., Fernandez, I., & Mantero, M. (2006 Settembre-Dicembre). Approcci psicoterapeutici specifici [Specific psychotherapeutic approaches]. NÓOς, 12(3), 221-230.

Language: Italian

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Verrà illustrata l’applicazione delle principali metodiche d’intervento psicoterapeutico come l’approccio cognitivo-comportamentale e la psicoterapia ad orientamento psicodinamico nel trattamento del Disturbo post-traumatico da stress (DPTS). Particolare rilievo verrà dato alla illustrazione di interventi psicoterapeutici specifici e all’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) che si è rivelato uno degli interventi più mirati al nucleo psicobiologico del DPTS.

The application of main psychotherapeutic approaches, such as cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic therapies, in the field of post-traumatic stress Disorder (PTSD) is described. A particular stress is put on approaches specific to PTSD. Among them Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is considered as a mean of intervantion closely aimed to the psychobiological core of the disorder.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

82. Sautai, G. (2007, Juin). Approche des patient poly-traumatisés par immersion EMDR [Approach of poly traumatised patients with EMDR immersion]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Certains patients présentent "traumatisme poly» ou «empoisonnement psychique» tel que décrit par Jacques Roques dans «Guérir Avec l" EMDR. "Souvent, il s'agit d'un environnement socio culturel a commencé pendant l'enfance. Sur la base de l'hypothèse formulée par Francine Shapiro que le traumatisme peut engendrer des «bloqué les réseaux neuronaux," nous supposons une mise en forme "pourrait se produire au cours de la petite période d'apprentissage.
Exposés à un traumatisme insidieux et répétitifs, un jeune cerveau Virgin Stores réseaux neuronaux liés à la vulnérabilité des enfants en tant que mécanisme de défense. Cela pourrait être obstrué par des perturbations répétitives créer une souffrance psychologique. En tant qu'adulte, ce réseau neuronal inhibiteur, stimulée par déclenchement d'exprimer des comportements excessifs et une forte émotion que nous avons appelé le «non adapté en forme» (NAF).
Nous savons combien il est difficile de prendre ce type d'intoxication »en charge des séances de thérapie EMDR traditionnels en raison de l'interférence des composants multimodal. Habituellement, ils participent émotions mixtes liés à la sécurité, l'estime de soi et le libre choix. Par conséquent, nous avons développé une modalité particulière: EMDR immersion qui est un cours intensif de 10 jours consécutifs de traitement par le patient. «L'objectif clinique est de traiter les dimensions de la croissance personnelle et le développement ainsi que l'élimination de plus de la souffrance» (Francine Shapiro).
Notre expérience comprend 24 patients avec un niveau élevé de troubles psychologiques liés à la NAF. Seuls les patients avec expérience dissociative échelle score inférieur à 25 ont été considérés.
Nous utilisons l'approche thérapie EMDR suivant les 8 étapes du protocole standard.
Nous recevons toute l'histoire chronologique du patient, «de la naissance à aujourd'hui», permet nous permet d'identifier une moyenne de sept objectifs principaux.
Pour être capable de transmuer la NAF à une résolution d'adaptation, nous introduisons un des noms de ressources notamment l '«archaïsme», définie comme «la partie de l'être humain en charge de Live principe de préservation."
Nous l'accès au réseau d'information dysfunctionally stockée par le biais des objectifs.
Nous stimulons le système de traitement de l'information et de la maintenir en forme dynamique avec tactiles et autres additifs stimulations bilatérales. Nous passons l'information par le suivi du processus de libre-association et de lancement des procédures pour s'assurer que la cible transmue à une résolution adaptative.
Comme mesure psychométrique et méthode d'évaluation, nous utilisons l'échelle PCL-S sur les traumatismes exprimé par le patient au début de MED immersion. Le score moyen est de 70 degrés avant l'immersion elle à 28 deux mois plus tard et à 26 six mois plus tard.
En ce qui concerne les résultats encourageants, nous décidons de partager l'expérience afin de mettre à jour.

Some patients present with “poly traumatism” or “psychic poisoning” as described by Jacques Roques in “guérir avec l”EMDR.” Often it is a socio cultural environment started during childhood. Based on the hypothesis formulated by Francine Shapiro that trauma could engender “blocked neuronal networks,” we assume a “formatting” could occur during the childhood learning period.
Exposed to insidious and repetitive trauma, a virgin young brain stores neuronal networks related to the child vulnerability as defense mechanism. That could get blocked by repetitive disturbances creating psychological pain. As an adult, this blocker neuronal network, stimulated by trigger express excessive behaviors and strong emotion we called the “Non Adapted Formatting” (NAF).
We know how difficult it is to take this “poisoning” in charge with traditional EMDR sessions because of the multimodal components interfering. Usually, they involved mixed emotions related to security, self esteem and free choice. Therefore, we developed a particular modality: EMDR Immersion that is an intensive, 10 consecutive days of therapy with the patient. “The clinical goal is to address the dimensions of personal growth and development along with the elimination of over suffering” (Francine Shapiro).
Our experience includes 24 patients with a high level of psychological disturbance related to the NAF. Only patients with Dissociative Experience Scale score less than 25 were considered.
We use EMDR therapy approach following the 8 phases of the standard protocol.
We receive the complete chronological story of the patient, “from birth to now,” allows allows us to identify an average of seven main targets.
To be able to transmute the NAF to an adaptive resolution, we introduce a particular resource names “Archaism” defined as “Part of the human being in charge of Live Principle Preservation.”
We access the dysfunctionally stored information network through the targets.
We stimulate the information-processing system and maintain it in dynamic form with tactile and additive alternative bilateral stimulations. We move the information by monitoring the free-association process and initiating procedures to make sure that the target transmutes to an adaptive resolution.
As psychometric measurement and method evaluation, we use PCL-S Scale on the traumatisms expressed by the patient at the beginning of MED Immersion. The average score is at 70 before Immersion it degrees to 28 two months later and to 26 six months later.
Regarding the encouraging results, we decide to share the experiment in order to upgrade it.

Keywords: EMDR Immersion

Accuracy Verified: Yes

83. Leutner, S. (2012). Arbeit mit inneren anteilen im EMDR-prozess: stärkung der bindungsfähigkeit [Working with inner components in the EMDR process: Strengthening the binding ability]. Präsentation auf EMDRIA Tag, Köln, Deutschland.

Language: Swedish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Arbeta med EMDR och AIP-modell har mycket liknande målsättningar i det att de syftar till att stärka den inre processen av kunden och komma över effekterna av trauma. Det visas att en kombination av båda metoderna ger terapeuten med ett kraftfullt verktyg. Det diskuteras som inre delarna kan spela en roll vid bearbetning trauma. Här har vi inte bara titta på patientens sida, men också vid sidan av terapeut och hans eller hennes ego-stater, tyder inte bara patienten tar hand om traumatiserade ego-stater och kommer i kontakt med inre hjälpare, men terapeuten också tar hänsyn till vilka av hans / hennes ego-stater som kan vara till hjälp eller behöver skydd samtidigt tillämpa EMDR-protokollet

Working with EMDR and the AIP-Model have very similar goals in that they aim to strengthen the inner process of the client and overcome the effects of trauma. It is shown that the combination of both methods provides the therapist with a powerful tool. It is discussed which inner parts can play a part in processing trauma. Here we do not only look at the patient's side, but also at the side of the therapist and his or her ego-states, suggesting not only the patient takes care of traumatized ego-states and gets into touch with inner helpers, but the therapist, too takes into consideration which of his/her ego-states may be helpful or need protection whilst applying the EMDR protocol.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Ego State Therapy Ego States

Accuracy Verified: Yes

84. MacCulloch, M., & Barrowcliff, A. (2001, May). Are EMDR effects caused by de-arousal?. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is increasingly being recognised as a coherent therapeutic procedure in the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders, yet we still do not fully understand by which process or mechanisms it might work. We consider a number of models implicating orienting or investigatory reflexes as a significant contributor to the success of EMDR as a treatment method. A series of experiments were designed to test the predictions derived from these models, examining the physiological effects of eye-movements following auditory challenge compared to an eyes-stationary condition. A significant physiological de-arousal effect is observed in conditions requiring eye-movements similar to those used in the EMDR protocol. We go on to consider the implications for this de-arousal effect in the treatment of PTSD and present preliminary data from a case series designed to examine the unique contribution of EMDR when used with treatment resistant clients. A range of psychometric and psychophysiological process and outcome measures were utilised in this study, providing a detailed evaluation of change over the course of the treatment design. Specialised software was developed for use in this study, in addition to a computerised test and software is provided, along with data obtained from this test.

Keywords: De-Arousal

Accuracy Verified: Yes

85. Solomon, R. M. (2007, June). The art of EMDR: Dealing with abreactions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The overall objective of this workshop is to enable the EMDR therapist to deal more effectively, and comfortably, with intense client affect. Treatment of complex trauma, where dissociation prevents the integration of traumatic emotions, often involved the processing of intense emotions. The abreaction can be quite shocking to the therapist who may then engage the client in talking therapy, utilize resource installation, or provide an interweave to lower the level of intensity. While this can, at times, be appropriate and helpful, often it is counter indicated and a perceived resolution may be short lived and/or needlessly circumscribed. It is important to recognize the markers of treatment, and what choices are appropriate. Ironically, it is often the therapist who is uncomfortable with the level of client affect, rather than the client being unable to deal with the intense emotion.
The hallmark of EMDR is “staying out of the way” if the dysfunctionally stored information is moving. An inherent value of EMDR is to facilitate natural processing and the client’s natural healing patterns. Assuming client readiness and preparation to deal with emotional material, an interweave (which elicits other neural networks), or resource installation (which initiates a state change) or prolonged talking (which initiates an interpersonal process) – though often useful – can interfere with the client’s own internal processing and take the client away form their natural and unique resolution and integration. The therapist can enable the client to process intense material utilizing a) strong attunement skills to hold the client one’s therapeutic presence, b) recognition of behavioral manifestations of processing to guide speed, rate and tempo of bilateral stimulation to maximize processing, c) using different rate, speed and tempo to control emotional intensity of the processing, d) and knowing when to verbally intervene and when to “stay out of the way.”
This workshop will focus on:
a) Assessment of client readiness
b) Therapeutic clinical presence and attunement skills
c) Detecting behavioral manifestations of processing and calibrating bilateral stimulation to the client in order to maximize processing and control intensity
d) Therapeutic choice points concerning verbal interventions and “staying out of the way."
Demonstration and video tapes will be used to illustrate teaching points. (Participants should be aware that the videos have intense emotional content).

Keywords: Abreactions Intense Affect

Accuracy Verified: Yes

86. Solomon, R. M. (2006, September). The art of EMDR: Dealing with abreactions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The overall objective of this workshop is to enable the EMDR therapist to deal more effectively, and comfortably, with intense client affect. Treatment of complex trauma, where dissociation prevents the integration of traumatic memories, often involves the processing of intense emotions. The abreaction can be quite shocking to the therapist who may then engage the client in verbal interventions (e.g. interweave, resource installation, talking therapy). While this can indeed be appropriate and helpful, it is often the therapist who is uncomfortable with the level of & client affect, rather than the client being unable to deal with the intense emotions. The hallmark of EMDR is "staying out of the way" if the dysfunctionally stored information is moving. An inherent value of EMDR is to facilitate natural processing and the client's natural patterns. Assuming client readiness and preparation to deal with emotional material, an interweave (which elicits other neural networks), or resource installation (which initiates a state change) or prolonged talking (which initiates an interpersonal process) - though often useful - can interfere with the client's own internal processing and take the client away from their natural and unique resolution and integration. The therapist can enable the client to process intense material utilizing a) strong attunement skills to hold the client in one's therapeutic presence, b) recognition of behavioral manifestations of processing to guide speed, rate, and tempo of bilateral stimulation to maximize processing c) using different rate, speed, and tempo to control emotional intensity of processing; d) and knowing when to verbally intervene and when to "stay out of the way". Hence, more important than the mechanics of bilateral stimulation is the way EMDR is delivered. EMDR is a "dance" between client and therapist with the therapist interacting through bi-lateral stimulation even more than through verbal communication. This workshop will focus on dealing with intense affect with EMDR (the dance) and include discussjon of 1) How to assess client readiness for dealing with intense material, both before and during EMDR processing. 2) Therapist clinical presence and attunement skills. 3) Detecting behavioral manifestations of processing and calibrating bilateral stimulation to the client in order to maximize processing, and control intensity of processing. 4) Therapeutic choice points concerning verbal interventions and "staying out of the way". Demonstration and video tapes will be used to illustrate teaching points. (Participants should be aware that the videos have intense emotional content).

Keywords: Abreactions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

87. Solomon, R., Watkins, J., & Paulsen, S. L. (2004, September). Art of EMDR: Use of therapeutic self, resonance and managing effect at the optimal level. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The therapist's ability to continually assess and detect client response to EMDR is crucial in order to: 1) provide safely and containment; 2) titrate the level of client arousal; 3) enhance ego strength: and 4) facilitate optimal movement. Detecting subtle client movement and shifts enables the therapist to: a) optimize the tempo and rhythm of bilateral stimulation; b) assess if the material is moving: c) detect state changes that can potentially block processing; and d) point to cognitive interweaves for blocked processing. This workshop will teach participants how to utilize their therapeutic presence to provide containment, enhance the client’s ability to process through intense emotions, and adapt to continual changing states in the client.

Keywords: Managing Affect Resonance Therapeutic Self

Accuracy Verified: Yes

88. Cohn, L. (1993). Art psychotherapy and the new eye treatment desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) method, an integrated approach. In E. Virshup (Ed.), California Art Therapy Trends (pp. 275–290) Chicago, IL: Magnolia Street Publishers.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Art Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

89. Tobin, B. (2006, Fall). Art therapy meets EMDR: Processing the paper-based image with eye movement. Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal, 19(2), 27-38.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper examines the role of the visual image in psychotherapy, and explores connections between how art therapists use physical images, and how EMDR practitioners use mental images in assisting emotional growth and healing. It outlines a clinical program in which EMDR eye-movement activity is integrated with the art therapist's use of paper-based images, and considers the merits of such a synthesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Art Therapy Eye Movements Imagery Psychotherapy Visual Perception

Accuracy Verified: Yes

90. Puliatti, M., Fiacchi, S., & Silipigni, F. (2007, July-September). Aspetti psicologici e psicoterapia delle donne con cistite interstiziale. Terapia cognitivo-comportamentale e EMDR: Un approccio integrate [Psychological aspects and psychotherapy of women affected by interstitial cystitis. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR: An integrated approach]. Medicina Psicosmatica, 52(3), 101-104.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La cistite interstiziale, malattia cronica e rara, si presenta con gli stessi sintomi della cistite “classica”: bruciore, dolori al basso ventre, necessità di urinare di frequente (fino a 60 volte tra giorno e notte), urgenza minzionale spesso associata ad incontinenza, algie vaginali tali da provocare un’impossibilità ad avere rapporti sessuali. Viene quindi coinvolto tutto l’apparato uro-genitale ed il pavimento pelvico, il dolore risponde difficilmente in modo soddisfacente ai più comuni antidolorifici. La cistite interstiziale è una sindrome multifattoriale, in cui convergono eventi stressanti, sintomi psicologici e disordini della funzione urinaria. L’approccio terapeutico dovrebbe quindi essere di tipo integrato urologico, ginecologico, fisico-riabilitativo e psico-sessuologico.In questo lavoro viene presentato un modello di trattamento che integra l’approccio cognitivo comportamentale e l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Questi due approcci se usati in sinergia garantiscono un trattamento ad ampio raggio dei fattori disfunzionali che favoriscono e mantengono tale sintomatologia.

Interstitial cystitis, chronic and rare disease, shows the same symptoms as cystitis "classic" burning, lower abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate (up to 60 times between day and night), urgency often associated with incontinence , vaginal pains which cause an inability to have sex. It then involved the entire apparatus urogenital and pelvic floor, the pain difficult to respond satisfactorily to the most common painkillers. Interstitial cystitis is a multifactorial syndrome, which converge in stressful events, psychological symptoms and disorders of the urinary function. The therapeutic approach should be integrated type of urology, gynecology, physical rehabilitation and psycho-sessuologico.In this paper we present a treatment model that integrates cognitive behavioral el'EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). These two approaches when used together provide a wide-ranging treatment of the factors that foster and maintain this dysfunctional symptoms.

Keywords: Interstitial Cystitis Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

91. Puliatti, M., Fiacchi, S., & Silipigni, F. (2007). Aspetti psicologici e psicoterapia delle donne con cistite interstiziale. Terapia cognitivo-comportamentale e EMDR: un approccio integrato [Psychological and psychotherapy for women with interstitial cystitis. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR: An integrated approach]. Medicina Psicosomatica, 52(3), 111-117. .

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La cistite interstiziale, malattia cronica e rara, si presenta con gli stessi sintomi della cistite “classica”: bruciore, dolori al basso ventre, necessità di urinare di frequente (fino a 60 volte tra giorno e notte), urgenza minzionale spesso associata ad incontinenza, algie vaginali tali da provocare un’impossibilità ad avere rapporti sessuali. Viene quindi coinvolto tutto l’apparato uro-genitale ed il pavimento pelvico, il dolore risponde difficilmente in modo soddisfacente ai più comuni antidolorifici. La cistite interstiziale è una sindrome multifattoriale, in cui convergono eventi stressanti, sintomi psicologici e disordini della funzione urinaria. L’approccio terapeutico dovrebbe quindi essere di tipo integrato urologico, ginecologico, fisico-riabilitativo e psico-sessuologico.In questo lavoro viene presentato un modello di trattamento che integra l’approccio cognitivo comportamentale e l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Questi due approcci se usati in sinergia garantiscono un trattamento ad ampio raggio dei fattori disfunzionali che favoriscono e mantengono tale sintomatologia.

Interstitial cystitis, chronic and rare disease, shows the same symptoms as cystitis "classic" burning, lower abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate (up to 60 times between day and night), urgency often associated with incontinence , vaginal pains which cause an inability to have sex. It then involved the entire apparatus urogenital and pelvic floor, the pain difficult to respond satisfactorily to the most common painkillers. Interstitial cystitis is a multifactorial syndrome, which converge in stressful events, psychological symptoms and disorders of the urinary function. The therapeutic approach should be integrated type of urology, gynecology, physical rehabilitation and psycho-sessuologico.In this paper we present a treatment model that integrates cognitive behavioral EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). These two approaches when used together provide a wide-ranging treatment of the factors that foster and maintain this dysfunctional symptoms.

Keywords: Interstitial Cystitis Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

92. Greenfield, R. (2010, October). The assessment and psychotherapy of a dissociateve adult man with complex PTSD. Presentation at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper presents the assessment and four year psychotherapy of a Hispanic man with Complex PTSD and Dissociative Disorder NOS. The patient’s history of childhood sexual abuse caused significant disruptions in normative developmental processes causing what van der Kolk (2005) posits as a Developmental Trauma Disorder. Based on Shapiro’s (2001) adaptive information processing paradigm, the patient’s memories of extensive childhood sexual victimization became blocked from resolution from adaptive memory networks, becoming embedded in the emotional brain and activated by the 9/11 tragedy. This stimulated an array of PTSD and Dissociative symptomatology. In treatment he verbalized and chronicled his experiences of 9/11 and memories of severe childhood sexual abuse, establishing a narrative of victimization, helplessness, and confusion about his sexual orientation (Gardner, 1999). Furthermore, there were episodes of dissociation revealing the possibility of alters. Attempts to access adaptive networks using EMDR protocols were thwarted by intractable defenses. The patient’s desire to return to work was offset by his entitlement to Social Security Disability that was initially denied. Working through my concordant countertransference (Racker, 1968), I ultimately accepted his wish for SSD, which he obtained on appeal based upon my symptom-specific evaluation. The patient transferred to a clinic that accepted SSD.
Participants will be able to : ♦♦ identify the developmental derailing effects of childhood sexual abuse on normative developmental processes. ♦♦ assess how childhood trauma(s) that are repressed or dissociated are invoked by trauma(s) in adulthood through associative memory networks causing Complex PTSD. ♦♦ apply methods of working with patients dissociative defenses in psychotherapy.

Keywords: Case Study Developmental Trauma Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

93. van der Kolk, B. A. (1999, November). Assessment and treatment of complex PTSD. Specialty training course presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
While most research on PTSD has studied subjects exposed to single trauma, in clinical practice the vast majority of treatment seeking patients have histories of multiple traumas, usually interpersonal, abuse. This gives rise to complex clinical pictures, of which PTSD is just one dimension. The Trauma Center in Boston is a large, multidisciplinary, developmentally focused Clinic which specializes in the treatment of traumatized children and adults. Our clinic uses a developmentally based assessment tool which helps in the staging of appropriate treatment interventions. Special emphasis is placed on providing patients with skills to deal with complex trauma-based symptoms, such as dissociation, by teaching stablization with DBT techniques, psychoeducational groups, resource installation, SIT, and body-oriented methods, in which patients are taught skills to increase their internal locus of control. We will review the rationale for various psychopharmacological interventions and the role of groups to enhance the capacity for mutual relationships. All treatment occurs on the foundation of continuity of care with one individual therapist who follows the patient’s progress,explores life issues, helps deal with re-enactment behaviors, and does trauma-specific treatment, such as EMDR or CBT for alleviation of trauma-specific symptoms. This conference will explore these issues in depth and discuss in detail the staging and applications of various treatment techniques in clinical practice.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

94. Carter, A. (2007, June). Assessment and treatment of complex PTSD and dissociative disorders in childhood and adolescence, the role and use of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Damage occurs to a child’s self in the context of relationship when raised in an environment of abuse and neglect. This damage to self is manifested through disruptions in development. A child or adolescent will be unable to perform tasks a non-traumatized child or adolescent has not difficulty mastering. These tasks may be physical, emotional, intellectual, sexual, social, or spiritual. When these disruptions become manifest in the environment with which the child or adolescent is interacting, home, school, or community, conflict arises. The conflict is both internal with self and external in relationship, behavioral, and biological. This is generally when a child or adolescent is brought into therapy for intervention Caregivers are not always aware of the impact traumatic events have on a child’s life or may not want to deal with the impact and the long term implications. The therapeutic relationship is a context outside of the system where the child was traumatized that provide the potential environment and relationship which can facilitate healing for the child, adolescent, and possible, the system in which they live.
Children and adolescents with a complex PTSD will often employ the use of dissociation as a way to cope with overwhelming events or chronically dysfunctional lifestyles. The degree and way in which the child dissociates to self regulate internal systems will determine behavioural and neurological trajectories in their life such as, how the child will cope, rupture of developmental task attainment, and it will determine what type of attachment process the child experiences. Also determined are: impulse control, sleep regulation, meta cognitive functioning, neurobiological processes and the integrative processes of self. When there is no therapeutic intervention, the self which emerges as a result of these processes is a “traumatic self” organization, that is a self structural in response to traumatic experience determined to avoid the repetition of the traumatic experience “at all costs.” The biological body that emerges is the traumatized body organized for avoidance in the forms of fighting, fleeing, or freezing and submitting.
The assessment phase of therapy will map for the therapist and client where the internal dysregulation occur, what are the maladaptive response which have been developed, and what the negative beliefs are which all contribute to the construction of the “traumatic self." There are a variety of assessment tools specifically designed for this purpose.
Once the map is established, a plan can be developed to use with children and adolescents and family for therapy and for EMDR. There are a variety of models which have been developed to use with children and adolescents to process bad memories, negative cognitions and to strengthen internal resources. EMDR can also be used to facilitate state change, strengthen self regulatory capacities, and promote integrative processes of authentic self, facilitating healing throughout self, body, and relational systems.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

95. Roberts, A. R. (2002, Spring). Assessment, crisis intervention, and trauma treatment: The integrative ACT intervention model. Brief Treatment & Crisis Intervention, 2(1), 1-21.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article presents a conceptual three-stage framework and intervention model that should be useful in helping mental health professionals provide acute crisis and trauma treatment services. The ACT model stands for Assessment, Crisis Intervention, and Trauma Treatment. This new model may be thought of as a sequential set of assessments and intervention strategies. The ACT intervention model integrates various assessment and triage protocols with the seven-stage crisis intervention model, and the ten-step acute traumatic stress management protocol. In addition, this article introduces and briefly highlights the other eight narrative, theoretical, and empirically based papers in this issue that focus on mental health and crisis-oriented intervention strategies implemented within 1 month after the September 11, 2001, terroristic mass disaster at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

Keywords: ACT Model Assessment Assessment Crisis Intervention Triage Crisis Assessment Crisis Intervention Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

96. Cavazos, M. A. (2012, June). Atracción al mismo sexo no deseada como sintomatología de memorias traumáticas: presentación de tres casos tratados con EMDR [Not desire same sex attraction as traumatic memories symptomatology: Three cases treated with the EMDR approach]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The cases presented show three patients that searched for clinical help, since they lived their sexual attraction as something dysfunctional and ego dystonic. The therapist clinically conceptualized this symptomatology as a probable result of traumatic memories, conceptualization which was finally adequate. This presentation will show three not desired sexual attraction cases treated with the EMDR approach. Cases follow-up - two months to one year and a half after treatment completion- is presented in a testimonial video from each client. Treatment phases 1,3,5,7 and 8 will clearly show similarities in the three client’s symptoms as well as the process evolution through traumatic memories reprocessing.

Los casos que se presentan se refieren a tres pacientes que llegaron a consulta debido a que vivían su atracción sexual como algo disfuncional y ego-‐ distónico, de ahí que la terapeuta conceptualizó clínicamente que esa sintomatología se podría deber a memorias traumáticas, conceptualización que resultó ser acertada. Estos pacientes fueron tratados con el abordaje psicoterapéutico EMDR, con un seguimiento -‐que va desde los 2 meses al año y medio de haber terminado su proceso psicoterapéutico. Se presentará un video testimonial de cada uno de los pacientes y se hablará sobre las fases 1, 3,5,7, y 8 del tratamiento, en donde se podrán observar con claridad la similitud y coincidencia en la sintomatología de los tres pacientes, así como la evolución del proceso a través del reprocesamiento de las memorias traumáticas con EMDR.

Keywords: Same Sex Attraction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

97. Leeds, A. (2009, June). Attachment theory and case formulation in the EMDR approach to psychotherapy. Preconference workshop of the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Attachment Disorders Attachment Theory Case Formulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

98. Brisch, K. H. (2013, June). Attachment trauma and treatment process with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will provide an overview of the various forms of attachment disorders, their significance in terms of affect and stress regulation, and their effects on the development of early severe psychopathology. Case studies will illustrate the use of EMDR as a therapeutic modality.

Keywords: Attachment Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

99. Brisch, K. H. (2013, June). Attachment trauma and treatment process with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Attachment Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

100. Liotti, G. (2012, June). Attachment, psychotherapy and EMDR [Apego, psicopatología y EMDR]. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The defense system (freezing-‐fight-‐flight-‐feigned death), that is set into motion in every individual by the exposure to any event that threatens life or bodily integrity in the self or in significant others, is terminated after the event is over by mental and interpersonal processes involving the soothing and security-‐ seeking system (attachment). If the functions of the attachment system are hindered by memories (internal working model, IWM) of early attachment interactions with neglecting or abusive caregivers, the defense system may remain active for long periods of time after the traumatic event is over. Insecure and especially disorganized IWMs of early attachments, together with the unavailability of social support after the trauma, are thus risk factors for developing the symptoms of post-‐traumatic stress disorders. This lecture dwells on the main features of attachment disorganization, on the negative interference of attachment disorganization in the therapeutic relationship, and on the reasons why the characteristic patient-‐therapist relationship in EMDR interventions can be instrumental in by-‐passing such negative interference.

El sistema de defensa (respuesta de inmovilización-‐lucha-‐huída-‐muerte fingida) que se pone en marcha en toda persona por la exposición a cualquier incidente que amenaza su vida o la integridad física o las de sus allegados llega a su fin tras el incidente mediante procesos mentales e interpersonales implicados en el sistema de tranquilizar y la búsqueda de seguridad (apego). Si las funciones del sistema de apego se ven impedidas por los recuerdos (el modelo del funcionamiento interno, IWM, por sus siglas en inglés) de interacciones precoces de apego con cuidadores negligentes o abusivos, es posible que el sistema de defensa permanezca activo durante períodos prolongados después de que el evento traumático haya terminado. Así, los IWM inseguros y especialmente desorganizados del apego temprano, junto con la falta de apoyo social tras el incidente traumático, se convierten en factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de síntomas de los trastornos postraumáticos. Esta conferencia se centra en los rasgos esenciales de la desorganización del apego, en la interferencia negativa de la desorganización del apego en la relación terapéutica y en los motivos por los cuales la relación característica entre paciente y terapeuta en las intervenciones con EMDR pueden ser instrumentales para puentear dicha interferencia negativa.

Keywords: Attachment Keynote

Accuracy Verified: Yes

101. Del Rosario, J. R. (2005). Attitudes toward EMDR: Differences between psychologists and psychiatrists. Midwestern University, Downer's Grove, IL.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorders Psychotherapy Methods PTSD Stress Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

102. Saint Paul, N. V. (2002, May). Aus der fülle ... Ressourcen- und Korperorientierung in der traumatherapeutischen arbeit [Out of the abundance ... Resource and body orientation in trauma therapy]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Frankfurt, Germany.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper describes how trauma therapy including body awareness can reduce the impact of the traumatic memory and can efficiently prevent retraumatization. The goal is to achieve the ability to self-regulate activation of the autonomic nervous system and hence, to attain access to states in which patients can maximize their resources. This procedure is based on neurobiological findings and exemplified with case studies. The approach complements other trauma therapeutic interventions, regardless of the theoretical orientation, and can be combined with techniques like, for instance, EMDR.

Keywords: Neurobiology Psychotherapy Psycho Trauma Resource Orientation Selective Mutism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

103. Saint Paul, N. V. (2008). Aus der fülle ... Ressourcen- und körperorientierung in der traumatherapeutischen arbeit [Out of the abundance ... Resource and body orientation in trauma therapy]. Interdisziplinär, 16(3), 166-175 .

Language: German

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In diesem Beitrag wird beschrieben, wie Traumatherapie unter Einbeziehung der Körperwahrnehmung schonend gestaltet und so einer Retraumatisierungsgefahr wirksam begegnet wird. Ziel ist das Erlangen der Fähigkeit, den Aktivierungszustand des autonomen Nervensystems zu regulieren und auf diese Weise Zugang zu ressourcenvollen Ich-Zuständen zu erlangen. Das Vorgehen wird durch neurobiologische Erkenntnisse begründet und anhand von Fallbeispielen veranschaulicht. Der Ansatz wird als Ergänzung zu anderen traumatherapeutischen Verfahren, gleich welcher Schule, verstanden und lässt sich gut mit speziellen Methoden, wie beispielsweise EMDR, verbinden.

Summary: This paper describes how trauma therapy including bodyawareness can reduce the impact of the traumatic memory and can efficiently prevent retraumatization. The goal is to achive the ability to self-regulate activation of the atuonomic nervous system and hence, to attain access in states in which patients can maximize their resources. This proceedure is based on neurobiological findings and exemplified with case studies. The approach compliments other trauma therapeutic interventions, regardless of the theoretical orentation, and can be combined with techniques like, for instance, EMDR.

Keywords: Neurobiology Psychotherapy Psycho Trauma Resource Orientation Selective Mutism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

104. Mueller-Schwefe, R. (2010, June). Back into life - EMDR with primary withdrawal after trauma. In Experimental use of EMDR. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
“Where I am? I am somewhere between heaven and earth, but I don't know where exactly." "My therapist waited for my anger, but it just isn't there...nowhere” – “I can't imagine anything helpful when I feel bad, I just don't have the energy... it's all too much for me." – “I just want to give up...” Reaction to traumatic events can vary a lot. This is true even when a PTSD has been diagnosed. Contrary to the 'classical' hyper-arousal response to traumatic memories there is also a different pattern of response that is characterized by a lack of an increase in heart rate, and very different pattern of neural activations, despite having a severe case of acute and subsequent PTSD'[l] and may go along with (peri- and posttraumatic) dissociation, emotional numbness, exhaustion, withdrawal and depression. The above statements belong to people with this pattern of response who have experienced subsequent difficulties already in the stabilization phase of their trauma-therapy. First, I will present an understanding of this symptomatology, the hypothesis being a predominance of the dorsal vagal system (see: Polyvagal Theory [2] and activation of the early withdrawal reflex (or: fear-paralysis reflex). This goes along with particular cognitive and especially emotional and physical features. Second, I will present a way to work with this condition, taking into account that the completion of "interrupted action." In this case does not imply an outward (fight or fight response) but an inward orientation withdrawal). EMDR with an adjusted protocol and tactile bilateral stimulation provides the way to process and pull through this interrupted (or unsatisfied) organismic withdrawal and the fear mostly associated with this process. Returning from this deep and primary withdrawal from life brings back the energy and the patient turns back towards life; vagal predominance subsides and the stuck impulse to withdraw releases. 1. Ruth A. Lanius, James W. Hopper, Ravi 5. Menon, Individual Differences in a Husband and Wife Who Developed PTSD After a Motor Vehicle Accident: A Functional MRI Case Study. Am J Psychiatry 160:4. April 2003, p. 668. 2. Porges. S.W. (2001). The Polyvagal Theory: Phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 42, 123-146. Learning objectives: 1. Recognize dorsal vagal predominance and primary withdrawal after trauma, 2. Understand the different orientation of interrupted action/ trauma scheme, 3. Know how to help withdrawal-patients to stabilize and process with adjusted EMDR-protocol and tactile or auditory bilateral stimulation. New and unique: Identifying this withdrawal-type of traumatic reaction and scheme, understanding it with the help of Polyvagal Theory and development of EMDR- adjusted protocol and way to process this.

Keywords: Primary Withdrawal Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

105. Gunther-Sohst, J., & Hase, M. (2002, May). Back into the future – Research on the Client experience in the EMDR process. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Frankfurt, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

106. Gadd, J. (1998, March 14). Banishing bad memories with flashing lights. Toronto, Ontario: The Globe and Mail, Science, D5.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Its supporters believe a controversial technique can cure patients when years of traditional psychotherapy have not.

Keywords: General Overview Toronto

Accuracy Verified: Yes

107. O’Malley, A. (2012, October). BART: A new protocol to enhance EMDR therapy. Presentation at the at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Bilateral Affective Reprocessing of thoughts or BART is a dynamic new model of trauma therapy designed to complement traditional EMDR therapy. Often with early touchstone memories the client has no verbal recall. It is impossible to access negative cognitions. In BART gut feelings are activated and connected to feelings and sensations elsewhere in the body. Ultimately heartfelt sensations link to the cerebral hemispheres and eventually the prefrontal cortex. Examples will illustrate combining BART psychotherapy combined with traditional EMDR.

Keywords: BART Bilateral Affective Reprocessing of Thoughts

Accuracy Verified: Yes

108. Lendl, J. (2004, September). Basics for EMDRIA conference submissions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Are you wanting to present at the conference but don't know where to start? Have you had a submission rejected? Are you bored with the conference offerings? Then this is the workshop for you. We will review the call for papers application, the use of the EMDRIA definition for EMDR, applicable APA ethics and standards, and possible resources for the evidence base. The Conference Program Committee process will be explained and a sample application will be provided as a model.

Keywords: Conference Submissions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

109. Lendl, J. (2006, September). Basics for EMDRIA conference submissions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Are you wanting to present at the Conference but don't know where to start? Have you had a submission rejected? Are you bored with the Conference offerings? Then this is the workshop for you. We will review the Call for Papers application, the use of the EMDRIA definition for EMDR, applicable APA ethics and standards, and possible resources for the evidence base. The Conference Program Committee process will be explained and a sample application will be provided as a model.

Keywords: Conference Submissions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

110. Lendl, J. (2005, September). Basics for EMDRIA conference submissions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Are you wanting to present at the Conference but don't know where to start? Have you had a submission rejected? Are you bored with the Conference offerings? Then this is the workshop for you. We will review the Call for Papers application, the use of the EMDRlA definition of EMDR, applicable APA ethics and standards, and possible resources for the evidence base. The Conference Program Committee process will be explained and sample application will be provided as a model.

Keywords: Conference Submissions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

111. Lendl, J. (2008, September). Basics for EMDRIA conference submissions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Are you wanting to present at the Conference but don’t know where to start? Have you had a submission rejected? Are you bored with the Conference offerings? Then this is the workshop for you. We will review the Call for Presentations application, the use of the EMDRIA definition of EMDR, applicable APA ethics and standards, and possible resources for the evidence base. The Conference Program Committee process will be explained and a sample.

Keywords: Conference Submissions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

112. Lendl, J. (2007, September). Basics for EMDRIA conference submissions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Are you wanting to present at the Conference but don’t know where to start? Have you had a submission rejected? Are you bored with the Conference offerings? Then this is the workshop for you. We will review the Call for Papers application, the use of the EMDRIA definition for EMDR, applicable APA ethics and standards, and possible resources for the evidence base. The Conference Program Committee process will be explained and a sample application will be provided as a model.

Keywords: Conference Submissions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

113. Lendl, J. (2009, August). Basics for EMDRIA conference Submissions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Are you interested in presenting at the EMDRIA Conference but don’t know where to start? Have you had a submission rejected? Are you bored with the Conference offerings? Then this is the workshop for you. We will review the Call for Presentations application, the use of the EMDRIA Definition of EMDR, applicable APA ethics and standards, and possible resources for the evidence base. The EMDRIA Conference program review process will be explained and a sample application will be provided as a model.

Keywords: Conference Submissions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

114. Lendl, J. (2010, September/October). Basics for EMDRIA conference submissions. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Conference Submissions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

115. Lendl, J. (2011, August). Basics for EMDRIA conference submissions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Conference Submissions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

116. Lendl, J. (2012, October). Basics for EMDRIA conference submissions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Conference Submissions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

117. Gierasch, M., Greenwald, R., Shapiro, R., & Schubbe, O. (2005, September). Becoming an EMDRIA-approved trainer. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Four EMDRlA Approved Providers of basic EMDR training, Molly Gierasch, Ricky Greenwald, Robin Shapiro and Oliver Schubbe, will speak about their unique experience of becoming trainers and their particular approach, including training settings and trainee populations, in teaching EMDR. The panel will address the present EMDRlA process and criteria for potential Approved Providers of basic EMDR training and the networking, sharing of resources, and support that has evolved over the last few years for all EMDRlA Approved Providers of basic EMDR training.

Keywords: Approved Providers Trainer Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

118. Kaplan, S., Wolper, B., Knipe, J., Gierasch, M., & Preston, J. (2006, September). Becoming an EMDRIA approved trainer. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The members of this panel will speak about their unique experiences in becoming Trainers of basic EMDR and their approaches to teaching basic EMDR to particular populations in particular settings: EMDR-HAP training, independent training, Medical University and University Graduate School settings, and the challenges and rewards of training. The panel will address the process and requirements for becoming an EMDRIA Approved Trainer and will describe the networking, sharing of resources, and support that are available for new, as well as for all, EMDRIA Approved Trainers.

Keywords: Approved Trainer

Accuracy Verified: Yes

119. Gorisse, E., de Jongh, A., & Hassan, B. (2010). Behandeling van idiopathische aangezichtspijn na plaatsing implantaat [Treatment of idiopathic facial pain following implant placement]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd, 117(2), 75-78.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Een 39-jarige vrouw had een chronische vorm van atypische aangezichtspijn en klachten behorende bij een posttraumatische stressstoornis. De pijn was ontstaan na chirurgische verwijdering van een wortelrest onder een implantaat en haar klachten waren daarvan een gevolg. Uiteindelijk had deze problematiek geleid tot ontslag door haar werkgever en problemen in het gezin. Een periodiek mondonderzoek door haar huistandarts was vanwege extreme angst onmogelijk. Medicamenteuze behandeling, accupunctuur, homeopathie en hypnotherapie hadden geen verbetering gegeven. Behandeling met een aanpak gericht op de verwerking van herinneringen aan tandheelkundige behandelingen door middel van ‘eye movement desensitization and reprocessing’ leidde uiteindelijk tot vermindering van klachten. Deze casus maakt duidelijk hoezeer dit type orale problematiek het dagelijks leven van patiënten kan ontwrichten en hoe psychotherapie een aanvulling op de orale of medicamenteuze behandeling kan zijn.

A 39-year-old woman suffered from chronic atypical facial pain and complaints associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The pain originated from the surgical removal of a residual tooth root under an oral implant and the stress symptoms were the consequences of the pain. Eventually, these problems had led to dismissal from work and family problems. She was unable to attend her dentist for a periodic oral survey due to extreme fear. Pharmacologic treatment, acupuncture, homeopathy and hypnotherapy had not improved her condition. Treatment aimed at coping with the memories of the oral treatment using 'eye movement desensitization and reprocessing' ultimately led to decline of complaints. This case report demonstrates that an oral problem may disrupt a patient's life and how psychotherapy can complete medical treatment.

Keywords: Oral Implant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Tooth Root

Accuracy Verified: Yes

120. Kraft, S., Schepker, R., Goldbeck, L., & Fegert, J. M. (2006). Behandlung der posttraumatischen belastungsstörung bei kindern und jugendlichen. Eine übersicht empirischer wirksamkeitsstudien [Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents -- A review of treatment outcome studies]. Nervenheilkunde: Zeitschrift für interdisziplinaere Fortbildung, 25(9), 709-716.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Basierend auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Stand des Wissens über die Wirksamkeit von pharmakologischen und psychotherapeutischen Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zusammengefasst und bewertet. Neunzehn kontrollierten randomisierten klinischen Studien wurden für die Psychotherapie gefunden, und keiner für die Pharmakotherapie. Die Wirksamkeit von kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie Programme erhärtet worden ist, mit der Teilnahme der Eltern oder Betreuer in die Behandlung zu sein scheint vorteilhaft. Es gibt vielversprechende Studien für Eye Movement Desensitizafion und die Wiederaufbereitung (EMDR) und für Multisystemische Familientherapie. Aufgrund der kleinen Fallzahlen und fehlenden Replikation, haben ihre Ergebnisse als vorläufig zu betrachten. Bis jetzt gibt es keine kontrollierten klinischen Studien zu pharmakologischen Therapien für traumatisierte Kinder und Jugendliche. Weitere Studien zu diesem zahlenmäßig relevant und zum Teil erheblich beeinträchtigt Gruppe sind, geltend gemacht werden. Untersuchungen zur differentiellen Indikation von verschiedenen Behandlungsansätze und über die Wirksamkeit von Kombinationstherapien, die Psychotherapie plus Pharmakotherapie, fehlen. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, alle Rechte vorbehalten)

Based on a systematic literature search, the current state of knowledge on the efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents is summarized and reviewed. Nineteen randomized controlled clinical trials were found for psychotherapy, and none for pharmacotherapy. The efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatment programs has been substantiated, with the participation of a parent or caretaker in the treatment seeming to be beneficial. There are promising studies for Eye Movement Desensitizafion and Reprocessing (EMDR) and for Multisystemic Family Therapy. However, because of small sample sizes and lacking replication, their results have to be regarded as provisional. Up to now, there are no controlled clinical trials on pharmacological treatments for traumatized children and adolescents. More studies on this numerically relevant and partly severely impaired group are to be claimed. Studies on differential indication of different treatment approaches and on the efficacy of combination treatments, as psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy, are lacking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adolescent Psychiatry Child Psychiatry Drug Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment Outcomes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

121. Zengin, F. (2006). Behandlung von hörsturz und tinnitus mit EMDR-therapie [Treatment of acute hearing loss and tinnitus with EMDR therapy]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 7, 45-53.

Language: German

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Es wurden 17 an Tinnitus leidende PatientInnen mit EMDR behandelt. Behandlung und Nachuntersuchung fanden in der Zeit von Juni 2002 bis Juni 2005 in meiner psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Praxis in Solingen statt. Mit Ausnahme von zwei Patienten kamen alle Behandelten persönlich zur Kontrolluntersuchung im Folgejahr der Behandlung (88,2 %). 82,4 % aller Patienten (14) waren nach der 5-stündigen EMDR-Behandlung beschwerdefrei, 3 beklagten weiterhin (eher geringe) Beschwerden, die durch 2 weitere EMDR-Therapie- Sitzungen zum Abklingen gebracht werden konnten Ein Patient hatte nach Therapieabschluss einen Verkehrsunfall, der eine PTBS auslöste. Er wurde mit traumazentrierter Psychotherapie behandelt, die auch die Tinnitus-Symptome zum Abklingen brachte.

It treated 17 patients suffering from tinnitus with EMDR. Treatment and Follow-up found in the period from June 2002 to June 2005 in my psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice, held in Solingen. With the exception of two patients were all patients personally for a check in the following year of treatment (88.2%). 82.4% of all patients (14) were symptom-free after 5 hours of EMDR treatment, 3 defendant continued (rather small) complaints by two other EMDR Therapy Sessions could be brought to subside after a patient had completed therapy a traffic accident that caused PTSD. He was with trauma-centered psychotherapy treated, which also brought the tinnitus symptoms to subside.

Keywords: Hearing Loss Tinnitus

Accuracy Verified: Yes

122. Zengin, F. (2009). Behandlung von hörsturz und tinnitus mit EMDR-therapie [Treatment of hearing loss and tinnitus with EMDR therapy]. In R. Plassmann, (Hg.) Im eigenen rhythmus, die EMDR-behandlung von essstörungen, bindungsstörungen, allergien, schmerz, angststörungen, tinnitus und süchten, (pp. 155-164), Giessen, Psychosozial-Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Es wurden 17 an Tinnitus leidende Patienten mit der EMDR- Therapie behandelt. Behandlung und die Kontrolluntersuchungen fanden in der Zeit von Juni 2002 bis Juni 2005 in meiner psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Praxis in Solingen statt. Mit Ausnahme von zwei Patienten kamen alle Behandelten persönlich zur Kontrolluntersuchung im Folgejahr der Behandlung( 88,2 %). 82,4 % waren 14 Patienten nach der 5-stündigen EMDR-Behandlung beschwerdefrei, 3 beklagten weiterhin (eher geringe) Beschwerden, die durch 2 weitere EMDR-Therapie- Sitzungen zum Abklingen gebracht konnten. Ein Patient hatte nach Therapieabschluss einen Verkehrsunfall, der eine PTBS auslöste. Er wurde mit traumazentrierter Psychotherapie behandelt, die auch die Tinnitus-Symptome zum Abklingen brachte.

It treated 17 patients suffering from tinnitus with the EMDR therapy. Treatment and control tests were held in the period from June 2002 to June 2005 in my psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice in Solingen. With the exception of two patients, all patients were personally check-in the following year of treatment (88.2%). 82.4% were 14 patients after 5-hour EMDR treatment of symptoms, three defendants remain (rather small) complaints which could by 2 other EMDR therapy sessions brought to subside. One patient had completed therapy after an accident which triggered a PTSD. He was treated with traumazentrierter psychotherapy, which also brought the tinnitus symptoms to subside.

Keywords: Hearing Loss Tinnitus

Accuracy Verified: Yes

123. Jordan, J., Titscher, G., & Kirsch, H. (2011, September). Behandlungsmanual zur psychotherapie von akuten und posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen nach ICD-mehrfachschocks [Treatment manual for psychotherapy of acute and posttraumatic stress disorders after multiple ICD shocks]. Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie, 22(3), 189-201. doi:10.1007/s00399-011-0148-8.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Angesichts der steigenden Zahl implantierter Defibrillatoren in allen Industrienationen wächst auch die Zahl derjenigen Menschen, die sog. Mehrfachschocks („electrical storm“, ES) erleiden. Häufige Beschwerden sind starke und ständig wiederkehrende massive Ängste, Panikattacken, Todesangst, Hilf- und Hoffnungslosigkeit, Depressionen, Nervosität und Gereiztheit, sowie Rückzugs- und ausuferndes Vermeidungsverhalten, Intrusionen, Albträume, Flashbacks, Schlaflosigkeit und die Unfähigkeit der Gefühlsempfindung sowie eine eingeschränkte Zukunftsperspektive. Da Menschen mit einem ICD häufig körperlich (sehr) krank und nach den ICD-Mehrfachschocks zusätzlich massiv verunsichert sind, scheint es wesentlich, dass die stationäre Behandlung in einer Einrichtung durchgeführt wird, die über eine enge Anbindung an und räumliche Nähe zu einer kardiologischen Abteilung verfügt. Basis der Diagnostik ist die klinische Anamnese und die systematische Exploration der traumatischen Situation und der resultierenden Beschwerden. Als zusätzliche diagnostische Elemente sollten testpsychologische Verfahren zur Erfassung der Kernsymptomatik zum Einsatz kommen (Angst, Depression, Traumasymptome). Zur Diagnostik sollte eine testpsychologische Untersuchung gehören, damit am Ende der Behandlung auch für den Patienten sichtbar wird, welche Veränderungen eingetreten sind. Im Mittelpunkt der stationären Behandlung steht die tägliche intensive Psychotherapie. In ihrem Rahmen finden Elemente tiefenpsychologisch fundierter Psychotherapie und verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierte Angsttherapie sowie kognitive Umstrukturierung und Elemente des EMDR ihren Platz. Eine Nachuntersuchung innerhalb von 4 Monaten nach den Mehrfachschocks ist angeraten, weil PTSD Symptome zuweilen erst mit großer Latenz auftreten.

In view of the inceasing number of implanted defibrillators in all industrial nations, the number of people who have suffered so-called multiple shocks (electrical storm, ES) also increases. Common complaints are severe and continuously recurrent massive anxiety, panic attacks, fear of death, helplessness and hopelessness, depression, nervosity and irritability as well as reclusive and uncontrollable avoidance behaviour, intrusions, nightmares, flashbacks, sleeplessness and the inability to show feelings and limitation of future perspectives. Because people with an ICD are often physically (very) ill and after multiple ICD shocks are additionally very insecure, it would seem logical if the inpatient treatment would be carried out in an institution which has close connections and is also spatially close to a cardiology department. The basis of the diagnostics is the clinical anamnesis and a systematic exploration of the trauma situation and the resulting complaints. As an additional diagnostic element psychological test procedures should be implemented to determine the core symptomatic (anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms). Psychological test procedures should be included in the diagnostics so that at the end of treatment it is obvious even to the patient which alterations have occurred. The core element of inpatient treatment is daily intensive psychotherapy and includes deep psychologically well-founded psychotherapy and behavioral therapeutic-oriented anxiety therapy as well as cognitive restructuring and elements of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). A follow-up examination within 4 months of the multiple shocks episode is recommended because symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder often occur after a long latent time period.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Anxiety ASD Cardiology Depression ICD Shocks Internal Medicine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Manual

Accuracy Verified: Yes

124. Landgrebe, B. (2005, Februr). Beiträge der fachtagung, diagnose, therapie und berufliche rehabilitation von jungen menschen mit traumen in der lebensgeschichte [Contributions to the symposium diagnosis, therapy and vocational rehabilitation of young people with trauma in the life history]. Berufsbildungswerk Abensberg, Deutschland.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Bevor ich die Traumabehandlung und den Prozess der Traumabewältigung auf meiner Abteilung darstelle, möchte ich diese für die Behandlung so wesentlichen Differenzierungen etwas aufführen. Wir Menschen haben ein natürliches Verarbeitungssystem für traumatische Erfahrungen. Nicht jeder Traumatisierte entwickelt eine PTSD! (nur ca. 10 – 12 %). Bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Störung spielen neben dem traumatischen Ereignis auch psychologische, biologische und soziale Faktoren eine Rolle.

Before I describe the process of trauma care and trauma to my department, I would like to perform this treatment for something so essential distinctions. We humans have a natural system for processing traumatic experiences. not each developed a traumatized PTSD! (only about 10 - 12%). In the formation and maintenance the disorder play next to the traumatic event and psychological, biological and social factors play a role.

Keywords: Trauma Vocational Rehabilitation Young People

Accuracy Verified: Yes

125. Chen, L. (2008, June). Bereavement, EMDR & structural dissociation of the personality theory. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Poster Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the “Structural Dissociation of the Personality” as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, & Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various levels of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the “Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality”. The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different levels of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. [Note: Poster and Word Versions]

Keywords: Dissociation Personality Theory Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

126. ter Heide, F. J. J. (2008). Berichten uit het veld: Stabiliseren of verwerken? [Reports from the field: Stabilize or process?]. Cogiscope, 4(3), 39.

Language: Dutch

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Onder behandelaars van getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen wordt soms hevig gediscussieerd over de vraag met welke interventies deze patiënten het beste geholpen zijn. Bijvoorbeeld: een vluchtelinge, slachtoffer van oorlogsgeweld, durft niet te slapen uit angst voor nachtmerries en heeft geen dagstructuur. Helpen we haar eerst om haar dagstructuur te verbeteren, zodat ze een traumagerichte therapie daarna beter aankan? Of behandelen we eerst haar traumatische herinneringen met EMDR of cognitieve gedragstherapie, zodat ze weer kan slapen en zelf haar dagen kan structureren? Of misschien moeten we deze benaderingen combineren in een dagklinische behandeling? Kortom, wat is de beste inhoud en timing van onze interventies? [Excerpt]

Among practitioners of traumatized asylum seekers and refugees is sometimes fierce discussed the question with which interventions these patients are best helped. For example, a refugee, victim of war, afraid to sleep for fear for nightmares and has no daily structure. We help her to her first day structure improve, so they trauma-focused therapy after better handle? or treating we first her traumatic memories EMDR or cognitive behavioral therapy, so they weather can sleep and can structure itself? her days Or maybe we need these approaches combine in a partial hospitalization treatment? In short, what is the best content and timing of our interventions? [Excerpt]

Keywords: Reprocessing Stabilization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

127. Aurora, R. N., Zak, R. S., Auerbach, S. H., Casey, K. R., Chowdhuri, S., Karippot, A., Maganti, R. K., Ramar, K., Kristo, D. A., Bista, S. R., Lamm, C. I., & Morgenthaler, T. I. (2010, August). Best practice guide for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 6(4), 389-401.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Prazosin is recommended for treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-associated nightmares. Level A. Image Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) is recommended for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level A. Systematic Desensitization and Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation training are suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B. Venlafaxine is not suggested for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level B. Clonidine may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C. The following medications may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares, but the data are low grade and sparse: trazodone, atypical antipsychotic medications, topiramate, low dose cortisol, fluvoxamine, triazolam and nitrazepam, phenelzine, gabapentin, cyproheptadine, and tricyclic antidepressants. Nefazodone is not recommended as first line therapy for nightmare disorder because of the increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Level C. The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares based on low-grade evidence: Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT); Sleep Dynamic Therapy; Hypnosis; Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR); and the Testimony Method. Level C. The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder based on low-grade evidence: Lucid Dreaming Therapy and Self-Exposure Therapy. Level C No recommendation is made regarding clonazepam and individual psychotherapy because of sparse data.

Keywords: Nightmares Posttruamatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

128. Paulsen, S. L., & Watkins, J. G. (2005, November). Best techniques from the armamentarium of hypnoanalytic, EMDR, somatic psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral methods. Presentation at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation. Fall Conference, Toronto, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Best Techniques

Accuracy Verified: Yes

129. Strauss, A. (2012, March 16). Better than therapy?. Harper's Bizarre. Retrieved from http://www.harpersbazaar.com/beauty/health-wellness-articles/emdr-psychotherapy-0312 on March 19, 2012.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Finally, my therapist suggested that I try a form of psychotherapy called EMDR, or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. A bilateral stimulation therapy designed to unlock negative memories, feelings, and emotions, EMDR is a controversial technique involving lights, sounds, and tapping that purportedly helps the brain process traumatic experiences. This sounded like mumbo jumbo to me but I was desperate. I would have stripped naked and run down Fifth Avenue if you had told me it would help.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

130. Stein, D., Rousseau, C., & Lacroix, L. (2004, March). Between innovation and tradition: The paradoxical relationship between eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and altered states of consciousness. Transcultural Psychiatry, 41(1), 5-30. doi:10.1177/1363461504041351.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new form of psychotherapy to emerge in the West. Using both a case analysis and literature review we situate EMDR within the use of altered states of consciousness (ASCs) in psychological healing practices across times and cultures. We discuss EMDR's unique predicament as a therapy that draws upon techniques common to most therapeutic ASCs, while at the same time distancing itself from this tradition through its pseudoscientific language and technologic aesthetic. Our conclusion attempts to shed light on this paradox and raise questions for further study.

Keywords: Altered States of Consciousness Consciousness States Psychological Healing Review Transcultural Psychiatry

Accuracy Verified: Yes

131. Gaudiano, B. A. (2004, January 4). Beware of weird, wacky psychotherapy treatments. Salt Lake City, UT: The Deseret News, All, Viewpoint, AA08.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
There's also a treatment for post-traumatic stress called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Similar to techniques used in other effective treatments for this condition, EMDR therapists ask clients to review the traumatic events repeatedly in their minds until their anxiety dissipates. What makes EMDR unique is that the therapist also moves index and middle fingers rapidly from left to right in front of the client, who is asked to visually track the movement while imagining the scene. But research shows that the eye movements appear to be completely superfluous, as people who are asked to keep their eyes still while recounting the events improve just as much as those who do the eye-wiggling.

Keywords: General Overview Salt Lake City

Accuracy Verified: Yes

132. Gersons, B., & Schnyder, U. (2007, November). Beyond exposure alone: Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD. Presentation at the pre-meeting for Institute of the 23rd of the International Society for Traumatic Stress, Baltimore MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of PTSD can be regarded as empirically demonstrated. Overall, effect sizes seem to be higher for psychotherapy as compared with medication. Many well-controlled trials with a mixed variety of trauma survivors have demonstrated that CBT is particularly effective in treating PTSD. More specifically, exposure therapy currently is seen as the treatment modality with the strongest evidence for its efficacy. However dropout rates from studies of CBT (including EMDR) usually are around 20 percent. Up to 58 percent of patients who completed CBT are still diagnosed with PTSD at posttreatment assessment. Furthermore, only 32-66 percent of patients included achieved good end-state functioning. There is a need to have treatment protocols based on CBT which meet more the expectations of traumatized clients. The 16-sessions Brief Eclectic Protocol (BEP) originally developed for police officers with PTSD proved to be effective in two randomized controlled trials and has been accepted in the NICE-Guidelines (2005). The second trial also showed effectivity on biological data. A trial in Zurich is still running. BEP encompasses apart from a slightly different form of exposure psychoeducation at the start (with the partner present), the use of letter writing to express angry feelings, the use of memorabilia and 12 sessions for the domain of meaning, how it changes the view on the world and on the person his or herself. It is ended with a farewell ritual. The dropout rate is lower compared to the traditional CBT. In the workshop the protocol will be presented, discussed and parts of it will be trained. www.

Keywords: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

133. Laliotis, D. (2010, March). Beyond trauma: Part I and II - EMDR as a broad-based psychotherapy. Presentation at the Psychotherapy Networker Symposium, Washington, DC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
While EMDR is widely used as a highly effective treatment for PTSD based on neutralizing past memories of trauma, few therapists recognize how powerful a tool it can be in helping clients reprocess difficult experiences - traumatic or not - that impede their client's ability to move forward with their lives. In this workshop, you'll be introduced to an eight-phase information-processing model of EMDR for helping clients identify and reprocess significant childhood experiences and chronic patterns or themes that shadow their lives, hinder their emotional growth, and limit their ability to fully express their own identity. You'll learn a practical clinical procedure for identifying the predominant themes in clients' lives that underlie their current difficulties and freeing the, from attitudes that limits a fuller, more flexible experience of self.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

134. Laliotis, D. (2008, December). Beyond trauma: EMDR for everyday issues. Presentation at the National Institute for the Clinical Application of Behavioral Medicine Annual Conference, Hilton Head, SC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Twenty years ago, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) began as a clinical technique used to help clients reprocess major traumatic experiences. Since then, EMDR has developed into a comprehensive psychotherapy approach which is also being used to treat low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and performance issues not connected to major trauma but rather to early experiences that have not been adequately processed and integrated by the brain. This workshop is an introduction to the Eight-Phase Model of EMDR with an emphasis on how these early memories are powerful contributors to a person's current difficulties. Participants will learn through direct experience how present triggers can activate these earlier associations that inform our feelings, thoughts and behaviors. Through lecture, discussion, and videotape of actual cases, participants will gain an appreciation of EMDR as a comprehensive treatment approach and learn how it can be applied to a broad range of clinical issues with lasting results.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

135. Cotraccia, T. (2010, September/October). Bio-psychosocial adaptive information processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The role of neurobiological structures in Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) is becoming more understood. This workshop considers specific psychological and social components of the AIP model. Attunement and internal working models of self and world are suggested as additional components of a systemic AIP model. The psychotherapy relationship is conceptualized as a dynamic feedback system modeled after a securely attached caregiver-child dyad. This workshop draws from affective neuroscience, information theory, philosophy of mind and general systems theory to consider how components interact at multiple levels to resolve disturbing life experiences and enhance bio-psychosocial functioning. The additions to the model will be used to highlight clinical phenomenon relevant to EMDR practice.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

Accuracy Verified: Yes

136. van der Kolk, B. A., Hopper, J., & Spinazzola, J. (2004, November). Biological changes in arousal and cortisol following PTSD treatment. Symposium conducted (M. Olff, Chair) at the 20th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Effects of treatment of PTSD on psychobiological measures: It is well known that PTSD is associated with changes in several biological systems. However little research has been done on whether it is possible to “reset” these biological systems with effective psychotherapy of pharmacological therapy. This symposium will present data on neuroendocrine and neuroimaging outcome measures.
Biological changes in arousal and cortisol following PTSD treatment: This presentation will discuss the results of a controlled treatment outcome study comparing EMDR, fluoxetine and pill placebo and demonstrate how effective treatment resulted in changes in memory processes, utilizing the Traumatic Memory Inventrory. In the EMDR condition, but not fluoxetine, the change in traumatic memory towards an integrated narrative was linearly correlated with physiological arousal in response to script driven imagery. This presentation will also present the relationship between clinical improvement in the three conditions and change in the cortisol response to a dexamethasone challenge.

Keywords: Fluoxetine Pill Placebo Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

137. Sinici, E., Maden, O., Ak, M., Bozkurt, A., & Ozsahin, A. (2012, February). Bir cinsel tecavuz vak'asinda emdr uygulamasi: Vak'a sunumu [EMDR application on a sexual rape case: Case report]. Yeni Symposium Journal, 50(1), 58-60.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Travmatik bir deneyim oldu hemen herkes yoğun stres belirtileri gösterebilir. Bu tecavüz edildi, özellikle halk arasında post-travmatik stres belirtileri görmek mümkündür. Son zamanlarda, tecavüz insanlara danışmanlık sağlamak için çabalar yaygın hale gelmiştir.EMDR tedavisi bellek (duygusal, bilişsel ve fiziksel), rahatsız edici olaylara ulaşmak fonksiyonları hızlandırmak ve öğrenme sürecini iyileştirmek için kadar duyusal birimleri üzerinde duruluyor. Bu EMDR tedavisi tecavüz birinin travma sonrası stres belirtileri hafifletir düşünülmektedir. 90 dakikalık EMDR seansları uygulandı. Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri-I (STAI-I) ve Olaylar ScaleRevision (IES-R) Etkisi öncesi ve tedavi ve 1 ay sonra kontrol sonrası uygulanmıştır. Bu tecavüz kişinin stres belirtileri kısa bir süre sonra arasında, EMDR tedavisi öncesi azaltmak ve 1 ay sonra kontrol ettiği görülmektedir.Çalışmada bir olgu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir rağmen, sonucu cinsel travma hastalar için, EMDR uygulaması yararlı olabilir olmasıdır.

Almost anyone who had traumatic experience might show intense stress symptoms. It is possible to see post-traumatic stress symptoms among people especially who were raped. Recently, the efforts to provide counseling for raped people have become common. The EMDR treatment focuses on the sensorial units of the memory (emotional, cognitive and physical) to reach the disturbing events, accelerate functions and to improve the learning process. It is thought that EMDR treatment relieves the post traumatic stress symptoms for the raped one. 90 minute EMDR sessions were applied. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I) and Impact of Events ScaleRevision (IES-R) were applied before and after treatment and 1 month-later control. It is seen that the raped one's stress symptoms decrease before the EMDR treatment, among shortly after and 1 month later controls. Although the study was conducted with one phenomenon, the result is that for patients who had sexual trauma, EMDR application might be beneficial.

Keywords: Rape Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

138. Offen, L., Walker, R., & Freeman, A. (2008, August). Birmingham psychotherapy service for people with ID: 8 years on. In Symposium: EMDR therapy and psychotherapy and ID presented at the 13th World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, Cape Town, South Africa.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Aim: This study aimed to generate descriptive data relating to Birmingham Psychotherapy Services for People with Intellectual Disabilities in order to: a) Provide an understanding of the key characteristics of clients using the service. b) Identify those clients who find it difficult to engage with the service in order to introduce measures to improve its accessibility. c) Identify gaps in the information collected to date so that information gathering mechanisms can be improved. d) Provide a platform from which appropriate outcome measures for the service can be examined. Method: Data was collected by use of a proforma from client files. A selected sample of 141 files was analysed and the results collated. Results: Data pertaining to the above was analysed and the results recorded. Conclusions: A clearer profile of the clients using the service was developed that facilitated a change in clinical focus and the implementation of key changes in service delivery. This has led to a greater emphasis on the use of groups and on the development of more accessible information.

Keywords: Adolescents Adults Children ID Intellectual Disabilities Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

139. Spector. J. (2003, February). Blocked processing. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
When EMDR goes at it is suppose to, there is no psychotherapeutic procedure as remarkable, effective, and efficient for the treatment of trauma based disturbance and especially PTSD. However, as with all psychotherapy, things do not always go according to plan and as we might expect. Clients bring a whole range of personality and relationship issues into therapy that can make progress problematic as well, of course, as different degrees of disturbance and psychopathology with the most long standing difficulties and deeper disturbance causing the greatest problems.

Keywords: Blocked Processing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

140. Epstein, L. (2009, April 18). The body and attachment: Sensorimotor interventions to enhance EMDR effectiveness in the treatment of developmental disorders. Presentation at the Western Massachusetts EMDRIA Conference "EMDR and the Body," Amherst, MA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will teach participants some ways to perceive, articulate and process developmental injuries manifest in the body. Participants will learn to "read" the body for negative beliefs, to evoke the negative cognition by a combination of directed mindfulness and bilateral stimulation and to enhance the processing and installation of resources by interweaving somatic elements with EMDR.

Keywords: Developmental Disorders Developmental Injuries Sensimotor Interventions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

141. Fisher, J. (2007, September 29). The body as a shared whole: Somatic interventions for working with trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the Quarterly Meeting Program of The New England Society for the Treatment of Trauma and Dissociation.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
To stabilize overwhelming symptoms, integrate memories, and overcome the terror of intimacy, traumatized clients must establish sufficient safety in the body that they do not continue to recreate the unsafe world of childhood. Otherwise, the “child in the nightmare” from decades ago remains lost in time, demoralized by internal critics and terrified by the threats of hypervigilant internal protectors. Because the body is the container for all past and present experience and for all parts of the self, somatically oriented approaches can address the intense and often baffling reactions of these patients in a way that is both simple and effective. This workshop will demonstrate bodyoriented interventions for working with traumatized and dissociative patients drawn from Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and easily integrated into EMDR, IFS, and traditional talking therapies. Through the use of lecture, videotape, and demonstration, participants will have the opportunity to observe somatically informed solutions to a number of common clinical challenges encountered in trauma treatment. Capitalizing on recent advances in the research on attachment and trauma, the workshop will also provide a context for understanding how to use the therapeutic relationship to provide a safe “container” for both patient and therapist in the challenging work of trauma treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation Somatic Interventions Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

142. Stewart, K., & Bramson, T. (2001, June). Body journaling as an adjunct to EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: I
n this workshop, participants will learn the model of Body Journaling, how it guides the process of mind and body connection, and methods of using Body Journaling with EMDR. This workshop will include an experiential component.

Keywords: Body Journaling

Accuracy Verified: Yes

143. van der Kolk, B. A. (1994, January). The body keeps the score: Memory and the evolving psychobiology of posttraumatic stress. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 1(5), 253-265. doi:10.3109/10673229409017088.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Ever since people's responses to overwhelming experiences have been systematically explored, researchers have noted that a trauma is stored in somatic memory and expressed as changes in the biological stress response. Intense emotions at the time of the trauma initiate the long-term conditional responses to reminders of the event, which are associated both with chronic alterations in the physiological stress response and with the amnesias and hypermnesias characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Continued physiological hyperarousal and altered stress hormone secretion affect the ongoing evaluation of sensory stimuli as well. Although memory is ordinarily an active and constructive process, in PTSD failure of declarative memory may lead to organization of the trauma on a somatosensory level (as visual images or physical sensations) that is relatively impervious to change. The inability of people with PTSD to integrate traumatic experiences and their tendency, instead, to continuously relieve the past are mirrored physiologically and hormonally in the misinterpretation of innocuous stimuli as potential threats. Animal research suggests that intense emotional memories are processed outside of the hippocampally mediated memory system and are difficult to extinguish. Cortical activity can inhibit the expression of these subcortically based emotional memories. The effectiveness of this inhibition depends, in part, on physiological arousal and neurohormonal activity. These formulations have implications for both the psychotherapy and the pharmacotherapy of PTSD.[MLM MEDLINE]

Keywords: Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice PTSD Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

144. Jacobs, K., & Macnaughton, I. (1996, June). Body oriented techniques to help “unstuck” EMDR processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Body Oriented Techniques

Accuracy Verified: Yes

145. Bush, Y. R. (1999, June). Bonding and attachment. Prescott College, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This paper reviews the issues of major importance in the current study of bonding and attachment. Adopted children and children who have spent some of their childhood in foster care account for a disproportionate number of unattached children. A review of the history of literature relative to bonding and attachment from Freud to Bowlby and to present day experts is presented. The relatively new diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder and the DSM IV diagnostic features are addressed. The treatment process, including the various accepted techniques that have been somewhat successful, is described. The newest technique, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), developed by Francine Shapiro, is being used to help children who have been diagnosed with Reactive Attachment Disorder. The technique is explained in this paper. Chapter six includes information regarding how to complete a family history and assessment and the outline for a more formal narrative report. This paper was written to explain bonding and attachment and its format was planned so that parts of it can be used as a teaching tool. The purpose of the paper is to gain knowledge and understanding in this field of study so that children will benefit. Assessing the level of bonding and attachment will assist the helping professional plan appropriate treatment for children and families.

Keywords: Adoption Attachment Bonding Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

146. Rost, C. (2010, June). Bridging the gap between stabilisation and trauma confrontation. Pre-conference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
When processing trauma material during the EMDR session, we often see the spontaneous appearance of resource material. This helps patients to come to terms with the traumatic memory. With complex traumatized patients, this material appears far less frequently, and the EMDR process can be much harder. We can support the process by activating specific resources, both before and during the EMDR session.
During this workshop, specific resource techniques will be presented and practiced which can help to stabilize complex traumatized patients and which can also be combined with the EMDR standard protocol: Position of Power, Power Animal, Body Resource, CIPOS, and a protocol for early childhood memories.

Keywords: Body Resource CIPOS Position of Power Power Animal

Accuracy Verified: Yes

147. Borstein, S. S. (2006, September). Brief adjunctive EMDR: A collaborative consultation model. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Non-EMDR trained clinicians sometimes ask if "a little EMDR" might help some of their clients. When painful feelings about a single incident continue to intrude or interfere with otherwise productive psychotherapy, a short trial of EMDR may indeed resolve the impasse. By narrowly targeting specific traumatic memories or intrusive material, adjunctive EMDR can accelerate progress in traditional therapy, help the client and the primary therapist to clarify stuck points, and enrich the ongoing work. This workshop will describe a model of brief adjunctive EMDR consultation, a focused application of standard EMDR therapy, provided by the EMDR consultant to clients in collaboration with their referring therapist. In this model, adjunctive EMDR does not replace or intempt ongoing therapy. It is complementary to the primary therapy relationship. The workshop will include guidelines for identifying appropriate referrals and for maintaining a collaborative stance with referring therapists. Ethical issues will be addressed, and potential pitfalls will be discussed. The presenter will describe a pilot study of this model, including qualitative and quantitative measures of outcome.

Keywords: Consultation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

148. Gersons, B. (2013, June). Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD (BEP). Presentation at the 13th annual conference for the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS), Bologna, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD (BEP) is a trauma-focused treatment which has been shown to be equally effective for the treatment of PTSD as CBT/PE and EMDR. It is the treatment of choice if there is a need not only for decreasing anxiety but also for learning how the traumatic event has changed one's life and view on the world. It has been developed as a 16-session treatment manual for PTSD when CBT and EMDR were not available (www.traumatreatment.eu). BEP consists of (1) psychoeducation, together with a partner or close friend; (2) imaginal exposure preceded by relaxation exercises, focused on catharsis of emotions of grief and helplessness; (3) writing tasks to express aggressive feelings and use of mementos; (4) domain of meaning, focused on learning from the trauma, oneself and the world; (5) farewell ritual, to end treatment. The BEP-protocol has proved to be effective in randomized controlled trials. Also psychobiological recovery has been demonstrated. In the workshop the different elements of BEP will be outlined and taught, also using a DVD. Similarities and differences between CBT and EMDR will be presented. To summarize, CBT, EMDR and BEP are equally effective in reducing PTSD by different forms of exposure. BEP also offers essential learning from the traumatizing events based on psychodynamic insights and stimulates posttraumatic growth. Clinical cases will be discussed.

Keywords: BEP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

149. Gersons, B. (2011, June). Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD (BEPP). Preconference presentation at the 12th annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD (BEPP) is a trauma-focused treatment which has shown to be equally effective for the treatment of PTSD as CBT/PE and EMDR. It is the treatment of choice if there is need for not only decreasing anxiety but also for learning from the traumatic how it has changed one's life and view on the world. It has been developed as a 16-session treatment manual for PTSD when CBT and EMDR were not available (www.traumatreatment.eu). BEPP consists of (1) psychoeducation, together with a partner or close friend; (2) imaginal exposure preceded by relaxation exercises, focused on catharsis of emotions of grief and helplessness; (3) writing tasks to express aggressive feelings and use of mementos; (4) domain of meaning, focused on learning from the trauma, oneself and the world; (5) farewell ritual, to end treatment. The BEPP -protocol in RCT 's has proofed to be effective. Also psychobiological recovery has been demonstrated. In the Workshop the different elements of BEPP will be outlined and trained, also with DVD. Similarities and differences with CBT and EMDR will be presented. To summarize, CBT, EMDR and BEPP are equal effective in reducing PTSD by different forms of exposure. BEPP also offers essential learning from the traumatizing events based on psychodynamic insights and stimulates posttraumatic growth. Cases of participants will be discussed.

Keywords: BEPP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disosder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

150. Gersons, B. (2011, June). Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy for PTSD (BEPP). Pre-conference presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD (BEPP) is a trauma-focused treatment which has shown to be equally effective for the treatment of PTSD as CBT/PE and EMDR. It is the treatment of choice if there is need for not only decreasing anxiety but also for learning from the traumatic how it has changed one's life and view on the world. It has been developed as a 16-session treatment manual for PTSD when CBT and EMDR were not available (http://www.traumatreatment.eu/). BEPP consists of (1) psychoeducation, together with a partner or close friend; (2) imaginal exposure preceded by relaxation exercises, focused on catharsis of emotions of grief and helplessness; (3) writing tasks to express aggressive feelings and use of mementos; (4) domain of meaning, focused on learning from the trauma, oneself and the world; (5) farewell ritual, to end treatment. The BEPP -protocol in RCT 's has proofed to be effective. Also psychobiological recovery has been demonstrated. In the Workshop the different elements of BEPP will be outlined and trained, also with DVD. Similarities and differences with CBT and EMDR will be presented. To summarize, CBT, EMDR and BEPP are equal effective in reducing PTSD by different forms of exposure. BEPP also offers essential learning from the traumatizing events based on psychodynamic insights and stimulates posttraumatic growth. Cases of participants will be discussed.

Keywords: BEPP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

151. Gersons, B. (2011, June). Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy for PTSD (BEPP). PreConference presentation at the 27nd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: BEPP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disosder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

152. Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012, March). Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), 224-231. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099234.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) are efficacious treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies have directly compared them using well-powered designs and few have investigated response patterns. Aims: To compare the efficacy and response pattern of a traumafocused CBT modality, brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD, with EMDR (trial registration: ISRCTN64872147). Method: Out-patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to brief eclectic psychotherapy (n = 70) or EMDR (n = 70) and assessed at all sessions on self-reported PTSD (Impact of Event Scale – Revised). Other outcomes were clinician-rated PTSD, anxiety and depression. Results: Both treatments were equally effective in reducing PTSD symptom severity, but the response pattern indicated that EMDR led to a significantly sharper decline in PTSD symptoms than brief eclectic psychotherapy, with similar drop-out rates (EMDR: n = 20 (29%), brief eclectic psychotherapy: n = 25 (36%)). Other outcome measures confirmed this pattern of results. Conclusions: Although both treatments are effective, EMDR results in a faster recovery compared with the more gradual improvement with brief eclectic psychotherapy. Declaration of interest: A.d.J. teaches and supervises clinical psychologists and psychiatrists in psychological trauma and its treatment by means of seminars, workshops and conferences, for which the participants pay a fee. He is also director and shareholder of a trauma treatment unit. For both activities he has the formal permission of the executive board of the University of Amsterdam to which he is affiliated.

Keywords: BEP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Randomized Controlled Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

153. Nijdam, M. (2009, June). Brief eclectic psychotherapy versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. In treatment issues (J. de Jong, Chair). Presentation at the 11th Annual European Conference on Traumatic Stress, Oslo, Norway.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Randomized Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

154. Emard, P. (1995, June). A brief look at MRI brief therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The MRI approach to brief therapy originated out of the serendipitous coming together of several incredibly creative minds that resulted in a form of psychotherapy in which the major goal was to make psychotherapy more efficient and more effective. It evolved out of research project on communication begun by anthropologist Gregory Bateson that soon involved the work of hypnotherapist Milton H. Erickson and psychiatrist Don Jackson. John Weakland, Jay Haley, Paul Watzlawick and Richard Fisch began to publish the ideas that resulted fiom the early research findings and in doing so developed a particular set of assumptions about the formation and resolution of human problems that differed significantly from traditional treatment models of the time. Further refinements through the clinical application of these methods resulted in a model of treatment that was a pioneer of the brief psychotherapy movement. It is based on a non-normative and non-pathological way of viewing people with problems; it looks at people in the context of their living situations; it resists the idea of client resistance, it places great emphasis on the use of language; and it seeks to amplify client assets and resources and minimize client liabilities and shortcomings. Brief therapists assume a willingness to be an active change agent for the benefit of their clients. They accept responsibility for creating an atmosphere of respect, patience, and creativity in which clients can find alternative ways to think and behave. They believe they have a set of tasks to perform that will hopefully result in the resolution or, as a minimum, the diminishment of the problem situation for which the client originally sought help. These tasks consist of a combination of ways of thinking and acting that are designed to increase the likelihood that the client will experience relief from a painful problem. One of the main tasks for a brief therapist is to find ways to construe the problems presented by the client so that a solution can be found. Brief therapists inquire into the interactional systemic aspects of a problem, the context or environment in which the problem occurs, the people involved in the problematic situation, and the ways the client has attempted to resolve the problem thus far. Another very important task is to identify and gain access to the persons who are the most interested in and willing to work toward changing the problem situation. The idea here is to spend the bulk of the therapeutic time and effort working with the person who is most invested in the change process. Brief therapists find ways to appeal to this person's values and belief systems so that (s)he will engage in activities and/or alter her/his behavior in ways that are likely to change the problem situation. A third task on which brief therapists concentrate is the establishment of clear, concrete, and doable goals of treatment. They collaborate with the client to determine what the client hopes to gain from treatment and when the client will know she is ready to handle life on his/her own, this assumes an emphasis on the client's present and the possibilities for the client's future rather than his/her past. The fourth task brief therapists focus on is the development of ways of intervening in the way the presenting problem is being handled in the present time. This is based on the central assumption that one of the main goals of psychotherapy is to induce clients to change the way a problem is handled. Such intervening is the result of thoughtful and careful consideration of many factors surrounding the problem situation and involves the use of a variety of skills. A final task for the brief therapist is to find ways to remove him/herself from the client's life in such a way that the client has faith in her/his own ability to function effectively without the therapist. This treatment model offers clinicians an opportunity to work in positive, goal-directed ways that clients find helpful and therapists find challenging and satisfying. It calls upon clinicians to develop keen observation skills, the ability to see things fiom a variety of perspectives, and an appreciation for the vast resources clients bring with them to therapy. While it is a simple model of treatment, it is by no means an easy one to master. It requires clinicians to step outside their usual frames of reference in the pursuit of creative solutions to difficult human problems. It rewards them with a greater sense of accomplishment and increased client satisfaction. In the ever-changing world of mental health, this is no small achievement.

Keywords: MRI Brief Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

155. Nicosia, G. J. (1995, March). A brief note: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is not hypnosis. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 8(1), 69.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Argues that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and hypnosis are qualitatively different states of neurophysiological functioning. An experiment is reported in which the effects of EMDR on brain functioning of 3 Ss are examined. EEGs taken during EMDR for these Ss were within normal range, and did not differ from waking state EEGs, indicating that EMDR does not appear to produce the altered consciousness state associated with hypnosis or confabulation. EMDR memories may be more valid in the legal process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Electroencephalography Eye Movements Hypnotherapy Letter Neurophysiology Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

156. Armstrong, M. (1997, June). A brief report on integrating focusing oriented psychotherapy and EMDR. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(4), 15.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This presentation was given at the 9th International Focusing Conference held near Pforzheim in Germany. Focusing Oriented psychotherapists were introduced to the role of EMDR could play at part of their experiential therapy. Participants were urged to become trained in EMDR at it provides a powerful “jump start” to the work we do with trauma and phobias through Focusing.

Keywords: Focusing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

157. Chemtob, C., Nakashima, J., & Carlson, J. (2002, January). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A field study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 99-112. doi:10.1002/jclp.1131.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Effective psychological intervention is needed to help children recover from disaster-related PTSD. This controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief intervention for disaster-related PTSD. At one-year follow-up of a prior intervention for disaster-related symptoms, some previously treated children were still suffering significant trauma symptoms. Using a randomized lagged-groups design, we provided three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to 32 of these children who met clinical criteria for PTSD. The Children's Reaction Inventory (CRI) was the primary measure of the treatment's effect on PTSD symptoms. Associated symptoms were measured using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Treatment resulted in substantial reductions in both groups' CRI scores and in significant, though more modest, reductions in RCMAS and CDI scores. Gains were maintained at six-month follow-up. Health visits to the school nurse were significantly reduced following treatment. Psychosocial intervention appears useful for children suffering disaster-related PTSD. Conducting controlled studies of children's treatment in the postdisaster environment appears feasible. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Treatment Disasters Elementary School Students Empirical Study Follow-up Study Health Care Utilization Hurricanes Hurricane Iniki Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Victim Service

Accuracy Verified: Yes

158. Kip, K. E., Sullivan, K. L., Lengacher, C. A., Rosenzweig, L., Hernandez, D. F., Kadel, R., Kozel, F. A., Shuman, A., Girling, S. A., Hardwick, M. J., & Diamond, D. M. (2013). Brief treatment of co-occurring post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms by use of accelerated resolution therapy. Front Psychiatry, 4(11). doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00011.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This uncontrolled prospective cohort study evaluated the use of accelerated resolution therapy (ART) for treatment of comorbid symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder. Twenty-eight adult subjects, mean age of 41years (79% female, 36% Hispanic), received a mean of 3.7±1.1 ART treatment sessions (range 1–5). ART is a new exposure-based psychotherapy that makes use of eye movements. Subjects completed a range of self-report psychological measures before and after treatment with ART including the 17-item PCL-C checklist (symptoms of PTSD) and 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). For the PCL-C, the pre-ART mean (±standard deviation) was 62.5 (8.8) with mean reductions of −29.6 (12.5), −30.1 (13.1), and −31.4 (14.04) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p<0.0001 for comparisons to pre-ART score). Compared to pre-ART status, this corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 2.37, 2.30, and 3.01, respectively. For the CES-D, the pre-ART mean was 35.1 (8.8) with mean reductions of −20.6 (11.0), −18.1 (11.5), and −15.6 (14.4) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p≤0.0001 compared to Pre-ART score). This corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 1.88, 1.58, and 1.09, respectively. Strong correlations were observed at 2-month and 4-month follow-up for post-treatment changes in PTSD and depression symptom scores (r=0.79, r=0.76, respectively, p≤0.0002). No serious treatment-related adverse effects were reported. In summary, ART appears to be a promising brief, safe, and effective treatment for adults with clinically significant comorbid symptoms of PTSD and depression. Future controlled and mechanistic studies with this emerging therapy are warranted, particularly given its short treatment duration, and in light of current heightened emphasis on health care cost constraints.

Keywords: Accelerated Resolution Therapy ART Brief Treatment Depression Exposure Therapy Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Trauma PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

159. Holm, O. (2009, June). Broad spectrum psychotherapy with EMDR for survivors of complex trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Broad Spectrum Psychotherapy Complex PTSD Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

160. Meignant, I., & Meignant, C. (2008, May). Buddy the dog's E.M.D.R. EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
The Buddy's Extroadinary Momentum for Discovery and Reconciliation is made to help kids from 0 to 99 deal with the abreaction through the story of a traumatized dog. It allows us to understand the internal process which takes place during the acceptance creation of a trauma, a process caused by eye movements, as during the therapy EMDR.
It's also a magnificent tool for understanding the neuro emotional integration processing which takes place during the bilateral stimulation, for all those suffering traumatism in the broad sense of the term: simple or complex, unique or multiple, the traumatic disorders of development and generally the memories of the past staying emotionally in the present. These events of the past of which we say "it's as if, it was yesterday" which do not become memories which we consult and which do not hurt any more. This book shows an example of the internal process of EMDR which will allow Buddy the dog to become reconciled with himself and to be able to live WITH the memories and not IN the memories.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

161. Laliotis, D. (2009, August). Building on the basics: An EMDR refresher course. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This course is for EMDR therapists who would like to deepen their understanding of EMDR principles, protocols and procedures. Whether you feel the need for a review because you haven’t been using EMDR recently or you would like to enhance your active EMDR practice, this course is for you. From the three-pronged approach to applications of resource installation and cognitive interweave, you will come away from this course more confident in your ability to integrate EMDR into your clinical practice. You will see videotapes of real cases and will have an opportunity to discuss, in depth, case conceptualization and treatment planning issues and how to incorporate the informational plateaus of responsibility, safety and choices throughout the course of treatment. We will also address the unique demands of being an EMDR therapist and how to successfully navigate the inherent challenges of a powerful and effective psychotherapy approach.

Keywords: Basics Refresher

Accuracy Verified: Yes

162. Zaghrout-Hodali, M., Alissa, F., & Dodgson, P. (2008). Building resilience and dismantling fear: EMDR group protocol with children in an area of ongoing trauma. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 106-113. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A number of studies indicate that EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) may be efficacious in treatment of children and young people with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. However, reports are limited in the use of the EMDR psychotherapy approach in situations of ongoing violence and trauma. This case study describes work with 7 children in an area of ongoing violence who were subject to repeat traumas during the course of an EMDR psychotherapy intervention, using a group protocol. Results indicate that the EMDR approach can be effective in a group setting, and in an acute situation, both in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic and peritraumatic stress and in "inoculation" or building resilience in a setting of ongoing conflict and trauma. Given the need for such applications, further research is recommended regarding EMDR's ability to increase personal resources in such settings. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Cognitive Processes Conflict Intifada Group Psychotherapy Multiple Traumatic Events Palestinians Psychotherapeutic Processes Recent Events Resilience Group Therapy Survivors School Age Children Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

163. Waters, F. S., Potgieter, R., & Yehuda, N. (2011, November). But they are too young to be traumatized!. Presentation at the 28th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Montreal, Quebec.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
All too often it is assumed that infants or young children are too young to remember frightening, painful, and confusing experiences, and therefore will not suffer harm because they are too young to be traumatized. Clinical experience; however, as well as research on neurobiology of trauma, child development, and attachment, tell a different story. While very often not verbalized, overwhelming early experiences are nonetheless remembered implicitly. As such they tend to find expression in a myriad of debilitating emotional and somatic symptoms across a persons life span; even into adulthood. Understanding how early trauma can affect the child developmentally, and how it might be expressed, is crucial not only to clinicians treating children but also to those working with adults. It is through understanding early traumatic markers and the subtle, often coded signs, sometimes rooted as far back as infancy, that one can begin the process of untangling these symptoms and freeing the individual from a lifetime of pain, suffering, and failed relationships. This workshop will examine the types of early traumamedical, severe neglect, all forms of abuse, disrupted attachmentand how these traumatic experiences impact the young child from birth to five years. The signs and symptoms of traumatized and dissociative children, as well as available research on the topic will be described, along with case examples. The need for careful interpretation of often convoluted and subtle symptoms will be explained. Accurate interpretation of a childs presentation relies on understanding the neurobiology of trauma and dissociation. That, as well as understanding the impact on child development and attachment is crucial for effective intervention. Strategies such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and involvement of caregivers in the therapy will be described. Videoed sessions and artwork describing the young traumatized child's inner world and recovery process will augment the presentation.

Keywords: Children Infants

Accuracy Verified: Yes

164. Gertner, K. (2008). Butterfly hug: An explanation of EMDR for children. emdrresources.com.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
A valuable resource for trained EMDR therapists. Butterfly Hug educates and familiarizes children in therapy (and their parents) with the EMDR process prior to actual use of the protocol. Butterfly Hug gives both the history of the approach as well as sharing an inviting story line from a child's own healing experience with EMDR.

Keywords: Butterfly Hug Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

165. Sabey, A. (2001, May). Can EMDR be used within a client-centred (non-directive) play therapy sessions?. Poster presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The purpose of this exploratory study was to see whether EMDR could he incorporated into a Client-Centred model of Play Therapy, to enable children and adolescents to more rapidly process traumatic memories, thereby enhancing the therapeutic process. The Client-Centred (non-directive) Play Therapy model is now well recognised as a way of helping children and adolescents who have experienced psychological trauma to work through their experiences in a way that is both empowering and non-threatening. It is based on Rogerian principles (Rogers 1951), with the philosophy that given the right therapeutic conditions the children, like adults, have an innate drive towards health. The child leads the way, and the therapist follows. I have struggled to see how EMDR can fit comfortably within a client-centered play therapy model, although I recognise that Shapiro describes the model as client-centred. To test a hypothesis that EMDR could be integrated into a client-centred play therapy approach, three children were identified. All 3 were waiting for some regular weekly client-centred play therapy sessions, within the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, in West Yorkshire. The subject of the study were two girls, one aged 8 years old and the other aged 14 years with a mild learning disability, and a boy who was 13 years old. All three had experienced complex psychological trauma including sexual abuse. My dilemma was whether it was in fact possible to introduce EMDR within the sessions, and if so, how to do this in a way that enhanced the therapeutic process and did not intrude. The sessions were set up introducing the EMDR protocol alongside setting up the client-centred play therapy sessions. Each child was offered 10-12 weekly sessions. In this presentation I will summarise my findings and hope to show how possible ways the two approaches can be integrated.

Keywords: Children Play Therapy Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

166. Forgash, C., Leeds, A., Stramrood, C. A. I., & Robbins, A. (2013). Case consultation: Traumatized pregnant woman. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 45-49. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.45.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Case consultation is a new regular feature in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research in which a therapist requests assistance regarding a challenging case and responses are written by three experts. In this article, Amy Robbins, a certified eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapist from Atlanta, Georgia, briefly describes a challenging case in which a pregnant woman seeks treatment for trauma suffered in a tornado. The clinician asks if it is advisable to provide EMDR treatment and what concerns she should be aware of. The first expert, Carol Forgash, provides some general information about pregnancy and psychotherapy and outlines considerations, concerns, and contraindications for proceeding with EMDR. She recommends that if treatment is chosen, the therapist proceed with a recent trauma protocol to specifically target the traumatic memories of the recent tornado. The second expert, Andrew Leeds, comments on the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or other scientific reports exploring the safety of EMDR treatment of pregnant women. He states that pregnant women with symptoms of posttraumatic stress should understand that there is a high probability that EMDR will improve maternal quality of life and that the risks of adverse effects on stability of pregnancy are probably low, but that these remain unknown. The third expert, Claire Stramrood, explains that the few case studies that evaluated EMDR during pregnancy have found positive effects but pertained to women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth. She asserts that once obstetricians have been consulted, women have been informed about possible risks and benefits, and, given their informed consent, they should be able to choose to commence EMDR therapy during pregnancy.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Pregnancy PTSD Tornado

Accuracy Verified: Yes

167. Leeds, A. M. (1995, October). Case formulation: Strategies and criteria for selection of negative and positive cognitions in EMDR, adapted and updated. Author.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Originally a paper entitled "Case formulation: selecting positive and negative cognitions" at the Annual meeting of the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA March 1994, presented at the The process of selecting appropriate negative and positive cognitions can be a smoothly flowing preamble to an EMDR treatment session or it can be a complex search for an elusive quarry. In this paper, I will review the principles and rationale underlying the selection of cognitions in EMDR and will consider procedures to guide us safely past common problems. Most importantly, I will introduce the idea that the process of selecting cognitions can be greatly simplified and enriched when it is integrated into a case formulation approach.[1][Author abstract]

Keywords: Cognitions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

168. Goldman, J., & Coane, J. (2010, October). A case of strategic collaboration: Two therapists and one DDNOS patient in end phase treatment. Presenttion at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A colleague, experienced in DID treatment, was invited to collaborate by the primary therapist in the end phase of treatment to facilitate patient movement through the introduction of EMDR. The nature of the collaborative relationship, its influence on transference and countertransference, the contribution of the different genders of the two therapists, as well as issues of launching the patient more fully into adult life as influenced by the collaboration will be explored. The rationale for introducing EMDR as well as its specific contribution will be explicated. The argument for therapeutic collaboration, as related to the patients history and treatment process, will also be addressed.
Participants will be able to : ♦♦ List the indications for initiating adjunctive treatment. ♦♦ assess the effects of collaboration. ♦♦ appraise the treatment trajectory to decide when to bring in another modality.

Keywords: DDNOS

Accuracy Verified: Yes

169. Bower, R. D., & Bernstein, M. A. (2004). Case presentation of a tattoo-mutilated, Bosnian torture survivor. Torture, 14(1), 16-24.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Torture is used to create fear, destroy individuals and communities, and to suppress unwanted political or religious views. The survivor of torture often endures significant physical and psychological trauma. The basis for treating this trauma varies according to individual needs, community resources, programme designs, and cultural acceptance. The case presented here focuses on torture occurring during the Bosnian conflict of 1992 and demonstrates how the utilisation of a community-based, multidisciplinary network model can be effective in helping survivors through the recovery process. The unique circumstances of the study identify factors of imprisonment, rape, deprivation, physical violence and, particularly, body mutilation through tattooing. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Bosnians Case Report Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Disfigurement Drug Therapy Females Generalized Anxiety Disorder Middle Aged Muslims Plastic Surgery Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Refugees Survivors Torture Yugoslav of Secession

Accuracy Verified: Yes

170. Mendoza-Weitman, L. (1992, May). Case study. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(1), 11-12.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
A ten year-old Hispanic boy was referred by his mother for outpatient psychotherapy. The mother described her son as having been depressed since the father abandoned the family over five years ago. The depression was now worsening, although the mother could not identify any new stressors. The boy was described as having little or no interest in pleasurable activities, doing poorly academically, experiencing significant weight loss, panicking each morning about leaving home for school, complaining of stomachaches every morning, and having sad affect. Additionally, the mother was distressed that the boy had an intense phobia of eating in public and refused to do so. He complained of "picturing vomit" each time he tried to eat. The boy's stated goal of treatment was "to stop thinking about throwing up." He also asked for help " to not feel sick every morning, even though I'm not really sick."

Keywords: Case Study Throwing Up Vomiting

Accuracy Verified: Yes

171. Groenendijk, M. (2009). Casus 14 – Ik! Ben! Goed!: Een cliënte van 55 jaar met een dissociatieve identiteitsstoornis (DIS) [Case 14 - I! Am! Good!: A woman of 55 years with a dissociative identity disorder (DIS)]. In H. K. Hornsveld & S. Berendsen (Eds.), Casusboek EMDR, 25 voorbeelden uit de praktijk (1st Ed.), (pp. 205-222). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum. doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7358-1_21.

Language: Dutch

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Miranda is 55 jaar en getrouwd met Peter, garagehouder. Zij hebben twee volwassen kinderen (een zoon en een dochter) en twee kleinkinderen. Miranda woont in een klein dorp in het noorden van het land. Tot acht jaar geleden werkte ze als administratief medewerkster op een kantoor, maar zij kwam in de ziektewet wegens problemen op het werk en in haar huwelijk. Ze meldde zich aan voor behandeling en bij haar werd als diagnose gesteld: reactieve depressie en sociale fobie bij een persoonlijkheid met ontwijkende trekken. Na een ambulante start werd ze aangemeld voor klinische psychotherapie en gedurende deze opname kwam voor het eerst haar geschiedenis met ernstig seksueel misbruik ter sprake. Op de deeltijdbehandeling die daarop volgde, kreeg ze steeds meer last van dissociatieve klachten. Ook thuis namen deze klachten toe en kreeg ze woedeaanvallen. Ze ging's nachts geregeld zwerven. Ze werd heropgenomen en nu werd de diagnose DIS gesteld. In de kliniek werden in het kader van traumaverwerking enkele EMDR-sessies gedaan, maar dit had weinig resultaat. Miranda herinnert zich er nauwelijks iets van.

Miranda is 55 years and married to Peter, mechanic. They have two grown children (a son and a daughter) and two grandchildren. Miranda lives in a small village in the north of the country. Until eight years ago she worked as an administrative assistant at an office, but she was on sick leave due to problems at work and in her marriage. She signed up for treatment and was considered its diagnosis: reactive depression and social phobia with avoidant personality in a draw. After a patient start, she was signed up for clinical psychotherapy and during this recording first came her history with sexual abuse seriously discussed. On the day hospital treatment that followed, she was increasingly suffering from dissociative symptoms. Also took home these complaints, and she rages. She went regularly roam at night. She was re-recorded and now the diagnosis was made DIS. In the clinic under some EMDR trauma processing sessions done, but this had little effect. Miranda remembers hardly anything.

Keywords: DID Dissociative Identity Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

172. Herbert, C. (2002, June). A CBT-based therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems. European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counseling & Health, 5(2), 135-144.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper offers a therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems, based on a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approach, which is informed by a combination of schema-focussed cognitive behavioural therapy (McGinn and Young 1996; Young 1994; Padesky 1994; Pretzer and Fleming 1989), specialized cognitive behaviourally-focussed trauma therapy (Herbert 1996, 2001, 2002a, 2002b; Herbert and Wetmore 1999, 2001), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing techniques (EMDR - Shapiro 1995) and mindfulness techniques (Bennett-Goleman 2001; Teasdale et al. 1995; Kabat-Zinn 1994; Linehan 1993). This paper attempts to illustrate how such an approach might be applied to working with complex client problems, such as Tracey's, by addressing some of the therapeutic issues that have been highlighted in the original case study of Tracey by her therapist and introducing an alternative understanding of these.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Countertransference Distress Phenomenology Physical Manifestations Psychoanalysis Psychotherapy Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychological Distress Psychosomatic Phenomena Self Destructive Behavior Self Harm Somatoform Disorders Thinking Trauma Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

173. Herbert, C. (2002, May). A CBT-based therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Frankfurt, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This paper offers a therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems, based on a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approach, which is informed by a combination of schema-focussed cognitive behavioural therapy (McGinn and Young 1996; Young 1994; Padesky 1994; Pretzer and Fleming 1989), specialized cognitive behaviourally-focussed trauma therapy (Herbert 1996, 2001, 2002a, 2002b; Herbert and Wetmore 1999, 2001), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing techniques (EMDR - Shapiro 1995) and mindfulness techniques (Bennett-Goleman 2001; Teasdale et al. 1995; Kabat-Zinn 1994; Linehan 1993). This paper attempts to illustrate how such an approach might be applied to working with complex client problems, such as Tracey's, by addressing some of the therapeutic issues that have been highlighted in the original case study of Tracey by her therapist and introducing an alternative understanding of these.[Taylor-Francis]

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Counseling Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

174. Allen, J. G. (2003). Challenges in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and attachment trauma. Current Women’s Health Reports, 3, 213–220.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Treating women suffering from trauma poses significant challenges. The diagnostic prototype of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is based on single-event trauma, such as sexual assault in adulthood. Several effective cognitivebehavioral treatments for such traumas have been developed, although many treated patients continue to experience residual symptoms. Even more problematic is the complex developmental psychopathology stemming from a lifetime history of multiple traumas, often beginning with maltreatment in early attachment relationships. A history of attachment trauma undermines the development of capacities to regulate emotional distress and thereby complicates the treatment of acute trauma in adulthood. Such complex trauma requires a multifaceted treatment approach that must balance processing of traumatic memories with strategies to contain the intense emotions this processing evokes. Moreover, conducting such treatment places therapists at risk for secondary trauma such that trauma therapists also must process this stressful experience and implement strategies to regulate their own distress.

Keywords: Attachment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

175. Laliotis, D. (2011, March). Changing the narrative: Part 1 & part 2 - The psychotherhapy of EMDR. Presentation at the Psychotherapy Networker Symposium, Washington, DC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
While EMDR has become known as a highly effective psychotherapy approach for neutralizing traumatic memories, it's evolded into a comprehensive and powerful therapy that goes well beyond helping clients reprocess negative experiences to transforming the way they feel about themselves and their lives. In this workhop, you'll be introduced to the eight-phase information-processing model of EMDR, which helps clients identify and reprocess experiences that have shaped their sense of self and view of the world, limiting their capacity to live an authentic life. You'll learn how EMDR can be used to work with core themses and experiences underlying people's current life difficulties, freeing them to fully realize their own identity, change the narrative of their lives, and experience a fuller, more flexible and expansive, sense of self.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

176. Flint, G. (1994). A chaos model of the brain applied to EMDR. Psychoscience, 1(2), 119-130.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment phenomena that has yet to be adequately explained. This is a procedure that usually obtains rapid cognitive and/or perceptual changes of remembered trauma. A chaos model of the process of the olfactory system was extrapolated to a theory for the whole brain process. The interesting results provided an explanation of EMDR and other treatment phenomena. The key elements of the theory are that experience changes behavior, small stimuli evoke massive responses and change takes place in active body experience. Case studies are presented that demonstrate the application of the theory.

Keywords: Chaos Model

Accuracy Verified: Yes

177. Borrelli, S. (2002). Chaper 5: Into the new millennium: Child advocacy and EMDR. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
When planning treatment for a child, we must assess carefully the developmental issues (internal press) that seem to be ascendant at different life stages, the context (external press) in which these issues are being accomplished and probably frustrated, and secondary gains issues. Especially for a child, the risks of change must be prepared for. Family therapy theories remind us that as the child improves, the status quo of the family "crisis" will also need to adapt. We’re all aware of the obvious and subtle resistances to change offered by family members. all of whom might be vying for survival guarantees. A sensitive assessment of the family context, then, is an essential aspect of the treatment process. Which family members are most likely to be allies in the quest for change, and who are the most at risk, and likely to challenge positive changes? [Excerpt]

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

178. Peck S., et al (2007, March 9). Chief petty officer guilty of raping colleague. United Kingdom: Telegraph.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
It was only two months later, after she underwent a controversial psychotherapy technique called Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), that she was able to remember details of the sexual assault.

Keywords: General London Overview Rape

Accuracy Verified: Yes

179. Litt, B. (2007). The child as identified patient: Integrating contextual therapy and EMDR. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 306-324). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
It is estimated that as many as 2% of children under age 12 and from 5% to 18% of adolescents suffer from a depressive disorder (Birmaher et al., 1996; Northey, Wells, Silverman, & Bailey, 2003) that will likely persist into adulthood (Northey et al., 2003; Wagner & Ambrosini, 2001). Contextual Therapy is a differentiation-based (e.g., Kerr & Bowen, 1988; Schnarch, 1991) approach in that it promotes self-determination in the face of family pressure for compliance, reliance on internal resources for self-validation rather than dependence on others for approval, and the overcoming of emotional discomfort in the interests of responsible action (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986). Both the contextual approach and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model predict that formative childhood experiences affect both psychological health and relational functioning. With its systemic paradigm and its ethical dimension of relationship, the contextual approach is complementary and additive to Shapiro's (2001) AIP model. The contextual approach shows the clinician where to look for the targets, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) provides the potency to transform the experience. A general structure of phase-oriented therapy can be described that accounts for most, if not all, referrals for treatment. An assessment phase, a contracting phase, and an intervention phase characterize the main tasks of the therapist. In practice, these phases may overlap, coincide, or repeat themselves over the course of minutes, weeks, or months. This chapter describes only those practices that are unique to the integrated approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Affective Disorders Child Patients Contextual Therapy Depressive Disorder Integrated Approach Integrative Psychotherapy Major Depression Models

Accuracy Verified: Yes

180. Adler-Tapia, R. L. (2012, June). Child psychotherapy: Integrating developmental theory into clinical practice. New York, NY: Spring Publishing.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Children are often diagnosed and medicated without the consideration that their symptoms may actually be a healthy response to stressful life events. This integrative guide for mental health practitioners who work with children underscores the importance of considering the etiology of a child's symptoms within a developmental framework before making a diagnosis. By providing advanced training and skills for working with children, the book guides the therapist, step-by-step, through assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment with a focus on the tenets of child development and a consideration of the impact of distressing life events. The book first addresses child development and the evolution of child psychotherapy from the perspectives of numerous disciplines, including recent findings in neurodevelopment trauma, attachment, and neurobiology. It discusses assessment measures, the impact of divorce and the forensic/legal environment on clinical practice, recommendations for HIPAA compliance, evidence-based best practices for treating children, and the requirements for an integrated treatment approach. Woven throughout are indications for case conceptualization including consideration of a child's complete environment. This book provides an integrative approach to child psychotherapy from the perspective of healthy development through the lens of EMDR.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

181. Morris-Smith, J. (2006, June). Child, adolescent and family in trauma and EMDR in the process of law. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Children Families Grief

Accuracy Verified: Yes

182. BBC. (2012, April 1). Childhood abuse victims given light therapy. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-17893954 on 5/1/2012.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
NHS [Ms] Forth Valley's head of behavioural psychotherapy, Therese McGoldrick, said victims of childhood sexual, physical and emotional abuse often found it difficult to speak about what they had suffered. [Excerpt]

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

183. Outlaw III, L. (2006, October 3). Children need to hear they're safe. Chambersburg, PA: Public Opinion, Local.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
"EMDR has been very helpful for rape victims, flood victims and others exposed to violence," Leaman said. "A lot of times, children affected by violence need (to undergo) a desensitizing process."

Keywords: Chambersburg, PA Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

184. Klaff, F. (2007). Children of divorce. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 284-305). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Much attention has been devoted to examining whether divorce negatively impacts children's psychological adjustment, or whether divorce is now so prevalent that it can be considered a normative transitional event (Kaslow, 1981). Divorce brings many structural and functional changes. These include the logistic and emotional complications of a nonresidential parent, financial disequilibrium, and two systems with differing rules and expectations. Additionally, there are new subsystem components, such as parental figures, step- and half-siblings, and extended families with a potentially motley cast of new characters and different environments impacting the system. What constitutes "family" for children of divorce is often quite different from what is traditionally viewed as the nuclear family. This chapter discusses divorce effects on childhood adjustment; family systems-based treatment of divorce; adaptive information processing model applied to divorce issues; and the therapy process--integrative family therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Two case examples are presented, followed by a concluding discussion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adjustment Children of Divorce Divorce Emotional Adjustment Family Family Systems Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Integrative Family Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Models Therapy Process

Accuracy Verified: Yes

185. Greenwald, R. (1995, June). Children-case presentations. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One major limitation of EMDR is that it is an individual treatment modality. However, individual treatment of a child may be insuflicient, and broader interventions are often required. This is especially likely when environmental forces are unsupportive or in opposition to the healing process. This presentation will focus on the use of EMDR on several levels in child treatment, including individual treatment of traumatic memories, enhancing family support for healing, and addressing family obstacles to healing. Format will include lecture, vignettes, and a video case presentation of the EMDR treatment of a young girl who had been raped by a babysitter, along with the EMDR treatment of her older brother who bullied her. Assessment of child problems includes consideration of many factors. The focus here will be on the child's trauma history, and on the current family situation it pertains to treatment of the child's traumatic memories. Methods of assessment addressed here include interview of the child and the parent, observation of family interactions, and observation of the child's progress, both during and after EMDR treatment. A number of interventions are available to enhance or augment individual EMDR treatment of the child. Vignettes will be presented to illustrate the following interventions: referral to family therapy when successful EMDR highlighted the symptom's functional role; EMDR with a parent to reduce reactivity to the child; and prompting the parent(s) to produce statements and behaviors to be used later as content for installations. A challenging case will be presented in which a family, though motivated, demonstrated a number of behaviors which threatened to undermine the child's treatment. The family consisted of a single father in his late twenties, an eight year-old boy, and a seven-yearold girl. The presenting problem was the girl's ongoing post-traumatic symptoms, particularly nightmares and social withdrawal, some two years after having been raped by a babysitter. (the boy also had social and behavioral problems in school.) Unfortunately, the "lessons" of the girl's traumatic experience were frequently reinforced in the family context, through the brother's bullying of his younger sister, the father's complicity in the bullying, and the father's own tendency to be overly controlling and threatening. Treatment began with two family sessions and one with the father alone. The next three sessions were split to provide some individual time for each child as well as for the father. The seventh, final session included a family meeting and then some time for each individual. Work with the father was difficult and slow, as he was very defensive regarding his own possible contributions to his children's problems. Early interventions included delicate attempts to help the father understand the effect of his yelling and threatening - even though he was no longer in the habit of physically striking his children. Meanwhile, in part to enhance the therapeutic alliance, the primary focus was on direct treatment of the children. Some of this is shown on video. The girl was asked to draw a picture of her bad dream, and then to draw it "all better." She first drew a dark picture of a large man with fangs dripping blood. The next picture was of a nicer man on a sunny day. This activity was used as part of her introduction to the upcoming EMDR work. In the next session she agreed to do EMDR and completed processing in 25 minutes. The following session she indicated that the memory was no longer disturbing, and many of the symptoms had disappeared. She began to raise her next concern, by playing with a doll and a baby bottle, and complaining that she did not get to see her mother enough. Over the same three sessions the boy was also treated with EMDR for a number of relatively minor traumatic memories, including a car accident, the loss of two pets, and a vision of the devil. Despite apparently successfull processing, he was unable to conclude that he was a "good boy," due to evidence to the contrary: memories of his father's anger at him. Cognitive interweave was used to access a sense of inner goodness. The bullying behavior reportedly disappeared both at home and at school, and he also moved on, to express concerns about missing his mother. Treatment was interrupted due to a change in insurance coverage, so continued treatment and follow-up was not accomplished. This case illustrates some ways that EMDR can be enlisted to address aspects of the family context which may constitute obstacles to healing. The girl's brother was treated with EMDR to reduce his mistreatment of her; and the boy's sense of badness, largely gained by interaction with his father, was overcome by accessing internal resources in the absence of parental support. In conclusion, EMDR can play multiple roles in both the diagnosis and treatment of family obstacles to healing.

Keywords: Case Presentations Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

186. Yang, Y., & Wu, W. (2008, June). A Chinese way to use ‘safe place’ in grief work. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Every culture has its special way to deal with grief. In Chinese culture which is collectivism-oriented, people deal with grief not only in a society context, but also have a lot of connection with the bereaved ones. We found that it is hard to help the clients to be stabilized and work with EMDR on their grief before you help them to find a “Safe place” to settle their bereaved ones down. Hence, we use a modified “safe place” technique to help the clients to create a “heaven” for their loved ones, a “place” they can visit to say “hello” again to their bereaved ones. Our presentation will how we did that in a case series of adults and children by using imaginary ways and artistic ways. Using EMDR as standard protocol was effective to remove the symptoms and got the SUDs down.

Keywords: Chinese Grief Poster Safe Place

Accuracy Verified: Yes

187. Leeds, A. M., & Korn, D. L. (1998, July). Clinical applications of EMDR in the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper was co-presented with with Deborah L. Korn, Psy.D. In my portion of this presentation I introduced Alan Schore's research on the neurobiological correlates of early trauma and abuse and with implications for treatment stragegy. The presentation covered the use of EMDR, Resource Development and Resource Installation methods across the entire treatment plan. Dr. Korn reviewed treatment principles and adaptations to the EMDR trauma protocol for this population.[Author abstract] Participants will learn how to: 1) apply specific EMDR protocols in each of the three strategies of recovery: stabilization and safety, trauma focused processing, and reconnection and identify development; 2) integrate ego strengthening strategies into a comprehensive EMDR based treatment plan for clients who have limited affect tolerance and self-capacities; 3) apply cognitive interweave strategies to address blocking beliefs and fears about the treatment process; and 4) use EMDR to address maladaptive schemas commonly seen in this population.[Conference Program Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Neglect Sexual Abuse Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

188. Korn, D. (2001, June). Clinical applications of EMDR in treating adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into a phase-oriented recovery plan in treating adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. EMDR applications with the full range of trauma-related syndromes, including simple and complex PTSD, Borderline Personality Disorder and Dissociative Disorders, will be addressed. Treatment planning and pacing will be discussed in view of presenting problem, attachment style, defenses, and self-capacities. In recognition of clients' rigid, maladaptive schemas, poor impulse control, dissociative tendencies and limited affect tolerance, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored, Significant attention will be devoted to integratring EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment.

Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder Child Abuse Dissociative Disorders Ego Strengthening Neglect Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Resource Development

Accuracy Verified: Yes

189. Figley, C. R., Carbonnell, J., Boscarino, J., & Chang, J. (1999, Summer). A clinical demonstration model for assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions: An expanded clinical trials methodology. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 1(Part 3), 155-164 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Both the evaluation of current treatment interventions and the innovation of new ones are vital to maintaining a viable clinical profession. In the field of psychology, however, often there are serious challenges facing these worthy endeavors. This article reviews several problems and limitations with evaluation of innovative psychotherapy treatments in clinical practice and suggests a strategy to overcome these. This approach, which we term the "Systematic Clinical Demonstration Methodology" (SCDM), combines the skills of clinicians with the rigors of clinical trials methods and permits concurrent clinical innovation and scientific evaluation. Here we suggest that the SCDM approach allows innovative practitioners to assist in the development and evaluation of promising clinical interventions by working closely with clinical trials researchers. This allows innovative clinicians to demonstrate new treatment approaches, while clinical researchers evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these interventions using clinical trials methods that incorporate qualitative data. We suggest that this approach can result in the development and evaluation of new treatment innovations more quickly and cost effectively than traditionally has been the case. In addition, some limitations commonly associated with clinical trials, such as not treating patients typically found in clinical practice, failing to treat patients with multiple disorders, or treating patients from different cultural or sociodemographic groups, can be more effectively addressed. Our experiences with using this method to evaluate different psychotherapy treatments for PTSD are presented as an example of this new approach. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Methodology Neurolinguistic Programming NLP Outcomes Research Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Controlled Trials RCT Systematic Clinical Demonstration Methodology TFT Thought Field Therapy TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

190. Maxfield, L. (2003). Clinical implications and recommendations arising from EMDR research findings. Journal of Trauma Practice, 2(1), 61-81. doi:10.1300/J189v02n01_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment approach found to be efficacious for trauma-related disorders. This article provides an overview of the EMDR treatment process and briefly describes treatment components. It reviews the current research investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD and research investigating the role of eye movements. The practical clinical implications arising from the findings are discussed. These include factors related to treatment provision, such as treatment fidelity, length of treatment, homework, and the use of eye movements. Also highlighted are client-related factors such as population, type of trauma, multiple traumas, symptom severity, comorbid disorders, and complex PTSD. Where possible, recommendations are made for clinical practice and comparisons are made with other types of treatments. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Implications Compelx Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Stressors Survivors Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

191. Splete, H. (2005, January). Clinical Psychiatry news’ top stories of 2004: Development on antidepressant labeling, psychologist prescribing could affect the specialty. Clinical Psychiatry News, 33(1), 14.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Biologic and psychosocial treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder were equally effective in their first direct comparison ("Psychotherapy May Offer More Benefits for PTST," June 2004, p. 20). In addition, psychotherapy patients were more likely to remit or even become asymptomatic, according to the study of 88 adults randomized to fluoxetine, placebo, or an exposure therapy method known as eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR). Patients in the EMDR group ininally responded to the treatment with psychophysiologic arousal and appeared to relive the trauma. But they ultimately improved significantly more than did the placebo group and continued to improve at 2 and 6 months' follow-up, when the fluoxetine group remained stable.

Keywords: Efficacy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

192. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Santed, A., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro, F., & Amann, B. (2012, June). Clinical remission and functional modulation of the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient after EMDR psychotherapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Purpose of the study: Some patients with bipolar disorder do not show complete remission between episodes, but continue to exhibit subsyndromal mood symptoms [1]. One factor related may be comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has been found to be present in 16% to 39% of patients with bipolar disorder [2]. We describe the first case of an unstable bipolar II patient with history of various traumas that received Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy and also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after the EMDR treatment to explore its effect on the brain’s neural networks.

Keywords: Bipolar Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

193. Sharpless, B. A., & Barber, J. P. (2011). A clinician’s guide to PTSD treatments for returning veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 8–15. doi:10.1037/a0022351.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
What options are available to mental health providers helping clients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? In this paper we review many of the current pharmacological and psychological interventions available to help prevent and treat PTSD with an emphasis on combat-related traumas and veteran populations. There is strong evidence supporting the use of several therapies including prolonged exposure (PE), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and cognitive processing therapies (CPT), with PE possessing the most empirical evidence in favor of its efficacy. There have been relatively fewer studies of nonexposure based modalities (e.g., psychodynamic, interpersonal, and dialectical behavior therapy perspectives), but there is no evidence that these treatments are less effective. Pharmacotherapy is promising (especially paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine), but more research comparing the relative merits of medication vs. psychotherapy and the efficacy of combined treatments is needed. Given the recent influx of combat-related traumas due to ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, there is clearly an urgent need to conduct more randomized clinical trials research and effectiveness studies in military and Department of Veterans Affairs PTSD samples. Finally, we provide references to a number of PTSD treatment manuals and propose several recommendations to help guide clinicians’ treatment selections.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Psychopharmacology PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

194. Allen, W. (2002). Coaching amateur athletes: From frozen to fearless. In L. Grodzki (Ed.), The new private practice: Therapist-coaches share stories, strategies, and advice (pp. 178-191). New York: W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter presents a case study in which the coach, who works with amateur athletes, addresses the fear of an amateur horseback rider who broke her arm horseback riding but wanted to continue the sport. The author describes how she set the goals of addressing and diffusing the upsetting mindset; installing a cognitive-behavioral link to support new skill integration and application; and looking at the client's riding through the lens of an amateur but competitive athlete to see how she could best make certain training decisions. She discusses her tools and techniques, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), neurolinguistic programming, shamanic healing, and Buddhist meditation, and presents an extract from her first EMDR session with her silent thinking about the process as it unfolded. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).

Keywords: Athletic Performance Buddhism Buddhist Meditation Coaches Coaching Amateur Athletes Emotional Trauma Fear Goals Horses Neurolinguistic Programming NLP Professional Development Shamanic Healing Shamanism Therapists

Accuracy Verified: Yes

195. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There is increasing evidence to support the biological basis of mental disorders. Subsequently, understanding the neurobiological context from which mental distress arises can help counselors appropriately apply cognitive behavioral therapy and other well-researched cognitive interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the neurobiological context underlying the formation and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders, a mental disorder frequently encountered by counselors, from a cognitive therapy framework.
Recent changes to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) accreditation standards include the need for counselors-in-training to understand the neurobiological basis of behavior, which marks a new direction for the training of professional counselors who have historically reacted ambivalently toward medical models for understanding client concerns and treatments. Yet recent findings in neuroscience actually support the verbally based interventions that counselors typically use in treatment; therefore, there is much to be gained by counselors and counselor educators in understanding the basics of human neurobiology and how commonly used counseling interventions intervene on these biological systems. The National Institute of Mental Health (2010) stated in a recent strategic plan that “Important discoveries in areas such as genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science largely account for the substantial gains in knowledge that have helped us to understand the complexities of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders over the past 15 years” (“Introduction,” para. 4).
Given the increasingly biological focus of mental health research, the practicing counselor is faced with the task of understanding and using the emerging mental health treatments and explaining to clients, to reimbursing agencies, and to the broader public how counseling fits within the medically dominated mental health culture. Some counselors have long reacted ambivalently toward the pathologically oriented diagnostic categories of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system and the medication-dominated world of psychiatry. For example, the contrasting viewpoints on this issue were published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between Allen and Mary Ivey (1998, 1999) and Scott Hinkle (1999). Ivey and Ivey (1998) argued for a developmental interpretation to the DSM-IV, opposing what they called the “pathological view” (p. 334) of the manual. According to Ivey and Ivey, disorders could be viewed through a positive development tradition to lie not within the individual but within the contextual systems in which a person lives. Subsequently, disorders are viewed as a “logical response to a developmental history” (Ivey & Ivey, 1999, p. 484). By contrast, Hinkle (1999) argued that because anxiety and depressive disorders “are the most common clinical symptoms associated with presentation to counseling” (p. 475), the counseling profession is weakened if counselors shy away from direct participation in the DSM nomenclature and treatment parlance. As Hinkle indicated, “mental disorders according to the medical model describe disease processes, not people” (p. 475). Regardless of the reader's philosophical perspective, practicing counselors know participation in medical and psychiatric systems is necessary at times. Also, recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience are providing evidence that interventions often used by counselors have direct physiological impact on client neurobiology (Kennedy et al., 2007; Linden, 2006). For example, Felmingham et al. (2007) demonstrated significant differences in brain activity before and after 8 weeks of exposure therapy, which correlated with a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Similarly, Paquette et al. (2003) found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alters the activation and metabolism of specific brain regions following successful treatment of spider phobia. These findings, along with others (for a detailed review, see Beauregard, 2007; Frewen, Dozois, & Lanius, 2008), are significant because they support the techniques, interventions, and approaches used by counselors and provide a mechanism by which counseling positively affects brain physiology. Within the emerging physiologically based treatment milieu, counselors should be prepared to articulate how cognitive counseling interventions make measurable changes to the client. Although cognitive-behavioral-based approaches are effective in the treatment of a number of psychiatric illnesses, adult PTSD is arguably one of the best understood mental disorders from a neurological perspective. It thus presents a valuable model for exploring not only the basic tenets of neurobiology but also the mechanisms behind its successful treatment. Furthermore, PTSD is a disorder that counselors will likely encounter in practice.
PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization. Thus, it provides a clear example of how, even in adulthood, neurological adaptation (in this case maladaptive changes) can functionally “rewire” the brain in a short period of time, resulting in a sustained array of clinical symptoms. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD are a history of exposure to a traumatic event meeting two criteria and symptoms from each of three symptom clusters: intrusive recollections, avoidant/numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. A fifth criterion concerns duration of symptoms and a sixth assesses functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 (Kessler et al., 2005), determined that the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD among American adults is 6.8%, with women (9.7%) twice as likely as men (3.6%) to have the disorder at some point in their lives. These findings are very similar to those of the first National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the early 1990s (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), which was composed of interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans ages 15 to 54 years. In this earlier sample, the estimated prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 7.8% in the general population. As in the more recent survey, women (10.4%) were more than twice as likely as men (5%) to have PTSD at some point in their lives (Kessler et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 1995).

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Neurobiological Basis of Behavior Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

196. Grandison, P. (2007). A combined approach: Using EMDR within a framework of solution focused brief therapy. Educational and Child Psychology, 24(1), 56-64.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper reports on a qualitative, exploratory study that creatively combined two therapeutic approaches: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) and solution focused brief therapy. It was expected that the use of techniques drawn from solution focused brief therapy could help children to facilitate and enhance the use of techniques within EMDR. In particular, techniques focusing on current and future positive resource installation were utilised. Five primary school children age 9 to 11 years were identified by class teachers and parents as presenting as shy, anxious and lacking self-confidence. The group intervention took place in school over six sessions. Within the group setting, the children targeted their own individual area that they wished to improve. Data were collected during and after each session and post-intervention. Increases in children’s self confidence and an improvement in targeted areas were reported by children, parents and teachers. Children found the intervention helpful and were able to identify particular aspects of solution focused brief therapy and EMDR that were useful.

Keywords: Anxiety Brief Psychotherapy Children's Techniques Educational Psychology Empirical Study Group Intervention Group Psychotherapy Primary School Children Problem Solving Psychotherapeutic Techniques Qualitative Study Self-Confidence Shyness Solution Focused Brief Therapy Timidity

Accuracy Verified: Yes

197. Young, J., Zangwill, W. M., & Behary, W. E. (2002). Combining EMDR and schema-focused therapy: The whole may be greater than the sum of the parts. In F. Shapiro (Ed.). EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 181-208). Washington: American Psychological Association. vii, 444 pp.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract: E
motional processing occurs through specific circuitry and structures in the brain. Unfortunately, much of clinical psychology has neither understood nor sufficiently integrated the treatment implications of this area of research. However, some practitioners have recognized the need for more integrative models of psychotherapy. Two of the best models are Young's Schema-Focused Therapy (SFT) and Shapiro's Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Although these two approaches arose from different clinical experiences and theoretical backgrounds, they are similar in that they recognize the importance of all the ways in which people process information -- affectively, physiologically, through the senses, and cognitively. Each model can be tremendously beneficial to clinicians and their clients. Combining aspects of each often yields better results than using either one alone. Thus, this chapter first includes a description of Young's model and then an illustration of the way EMDR clinicians can enhance SFT by using the powerful information-processing aspects of EMDR. Last is a brief discussion of the ways SFT can also be valuable to EMDR clinicians. [Adapted from Text, pp. 181-182][Pilots]

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Psychotherapeutic Processes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

198. Hartung, J. G., & Galvin, M. D. (2002). Combining eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and energy therapies. In F. P. Gallo (Ed.), Energy psychology in psychotherapy: A comprehensive sourcebook (1st ed) (pp. 179-197) NewYork: W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract: Observing that there has been a rapid increase in the number of practitioners trained in both eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the energy psychotherapies, the authors describe ways to combine these modalities to increase their effectiveness. Topics include correcting psychological reversals prior to initiating and during EMDR; muscle testing with EMDR; EMDR along with energy therapies to limit the severity and disruption of abreaction, dissociation, "looping," and blocking beliefs; treatment of addiction; using one method to further client receptivity to use of the other; self-use of EMDR and the energy techniques; and, among others, energy training for paraprofessional crisis teams for use in residential programs with EMDR clients. [Adapted from Introduction]

Keywords: Energy Psychotherapy Latin Americans Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors TFT Thought Field Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

199. Phillips, M. (2008). Combining hypnosis with EMDR and ego state therapy for ego strengthening. In C. Forgash and M. Copeley, (Eds.) Healing the heart of trauma and dissociation with EMDR and ego state therapy (pp. 91-120). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter will explore several uses of hypnosis and EMDR that can help to accomplish these objectives. Expert consensus is that trauma clients must move through an ordered process designed to strengthen and stabilize them before progressing to the uncovering, exploration, reworking, and integration of painful past experiences. The SARI model (Phillips 8c Frederick, 1995) is presented here as a framework for the recommended sequence of treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Ego State Therapy Ego Strenthening Hypnosis SARI Model

Accuracy Verified: Yes

200. Cummings, N. A. (1999). Comment on L'Abate: Psychotherapist future shock. The Family Journal, 7(3), 221-223. doi:10.1177/1066480799073003.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Commentary Computer Applications Computer Assisted & Programmed Distance Writing Interventions Oral Communication Preference to Traditional Talk-Oriented Techniques Therapeutic Processes Written Communication

Accuracy Verified: Yes

201. Lipke, H. (1999). Comments on "thirty years of behavior therapy . . ." and the promise of the application of scientific principles. the Behavior Therapist, 22(1), 11-14.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
In the summer of 1997 Behavior Therapy published a "Special Issue" titled "Thirty Years of Behavior Therapy: Promises Kept, Promises Unfulfilled". In introducing the articles Forsythe and Hawkins suggested that there are many venues in which the issues raised could be further discussed. I accept this suggestion as an invitation, and offer the following comments on one of behavior therapy's promises, that of commitment to scientific principles in evaluating the effectiveness of methods of psychotherapy.

Keywords: Efficacy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

202. Lopez, L., & Occhipinti, S. (2008). Cómo orientarse en el Proceso Terapéutico [Fit into the therapeutic process]. In P. Solvey & R. C. Ferrazzano de Solvey (Eds.), Terapias de avanzada [Advanced therapies]: Vol. 4, EMDR: avances en teoria y tecnica [EMDR: Advances in theory and technique] (1st ed) (pp. 97-113) Buenos Aires: TdeA Ediciones.

Language: Spanish

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Therapeutic Process

Accuracy Verified: Yes

203. Cook, J. M., Biyanova, T., & Coyne, J. C. (2009, October). Comparative case study of diffusion of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in two clinical settings: Empirically supported treatment status is not enough. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 518-524. doi:10.1037/a0015144.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
An in-depth comparative case study was conducted of two attempts at diffusion of an empirically supported, but controversial, psychotherapy: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). One Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) treatment setting in which there was substantial uptake was compared with a second VA setting in which it was not adopted. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 mental health clinicians at the first site, and 19 at the second. Critical selling points for EMDR were a highly regarded champion, the observability of effects with patients, and personally experiencing its effects during a role training session. Compatibility with existing psychotherapist practices and values further allowed the therapy to become embedded in the organizational culture. At the second site, a sense that EMDR was not theoretically coherent or compelling overwhelmed other considerations, including its empirical status. Comparative studies contrasting settings in which innovative therapies are implemented versus those in which they were rejected may aid in refining theories of and strategies for dissemination.

Keywords: Diffusion Evidence-Supported Treatment Marketing Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

204. van Etten, M. L., & Taylor, S. (1998). Comparative efficacy of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5(3), 126-144. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199809).

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A meta-analysis was conducted on 61 treatment outcome trials for PTSD. Conditions included drug therapies (TCAs, carbamazepine, MAOIs, SSRIs, and BDZs), psychological therapies (behaviour therapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), relaxation training, hypnotherapy, and dynamic therapy), and control conditions (pill placebo, wait-list controls, supportive psychotherapies, and non-saccade EMDR control). Psychological therapies had significantly lower drop-out rates than pharmacotherapies (14% versus 32%), with attrition being uniformly low across all psychological therapies. In terms of symptom reduction, psychological therapies were more effective than drug therapies, and both were more effective than controls. Among the drug therapies, the SSRIs and carbamazepine had the greatest effect sizes, although the latter was based upon a single trial. Among the psychological therapies, behaviour therapy and EMDR were most effective, and generally equally so. The most effective psychological therapies and drug therapies were generally equally effective. Differences across treatment conditions were generally evident across symptom domains, with little matching of symptom domain to treatment type. However, SSRIs had some advantage over psychological therapies in treating depression. Follow-up results were not available for most treatments, but available data indicates that treatment effects for behaviour therapy and EMDR are maintained at 15-week follow-up. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Antimanic Drugs Benzodiazepine Derivatives Hypnotherapy Meta Analysis Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy PTSD Relaxation Therapy Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Treatment Effectiveness Tricyclic Derivatives

Accuracy Verified: Yes

205. Wilson, M. S. (2005). Comparing the hypnotically based re-definition of self process to EMDR. Hypnos, 32(Part 2), 67-81.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Keywords: Hypnosis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

206. Jaberghaderi, N., Greenwald, R., Rubin, A., Zand, S. O., & Dolatabadim, S. (2004, September-October). A comparison of CBT and EMDR for sexually abused Iranian girls. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11(5), 358-368. doi:10.1002/cpp.395.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
14 randomly assigned Iranian girls ages 12-13 years who had been sexually abused received up to 12 sessions of CBT or EMDR treatment. Assessment of post-traumatic stress symptoms and problem behaviours was completed at pre-treatment and 2 weeks post-treatment. Both treatments showed large effect sizes on the post-traumatic symptom outcomes, and a medium effect size on the behaviour outcome, all statistically significant. A non-significant trend on self-reported post-traumatic stress symptoms favoured EMDR over CBT. Treatment efficiency was calculated by dividing change scores by number of sessions; EMDR was significantly more efficient, with large effect sizes on each outcome. Limitations include small N, single therapist for each treatment condition, no independent verification of treatment fidelity, and no long-term follow-up. These findings suggest that both CBT and EMDR can help girls to recover from the effects of sexual abuse, and that structured trauma treatments can be applied to children in Iran. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy CBT Child Abuse Cogntiive Behavorial Therapy Cognitive Therapy Elementary School Students Empirical Study Females Incest Iranians Manual-Based Treatments Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Quantitative Study Rape Random Clinical Trial RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

207. Nazari, H., Momeni, N., Jariani, M., & Tarrahi, M. J. (2011, November). Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with citalopram in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 15(4), 270-274. doi:10.3109/13651501.2011.590210.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the chronic anxiety disorders that interfere with routine individual life, occupational and social functions. There is controversy about the first choice of treatment for OCD between medication and psychotherapy. Aim. the aim was to investigate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) compared with medication by citalopram in treatment of OCD. Methods. This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 90 OCD patients that randomly were assigned into two groups. They either received therapeutic sessions of EMDR or citalopram during 12 weeks. Both groups blindly were evaluated by the Yale-Brown scale before and after the trial period. Results. Pretreatment average Yale-Brown score of citalopram group was about 25.26 as well as 24.83 in EMDR group. The after treatment scores were 19.06 and 13.6, respectively. There was significant difference between the mean Yale-Brown scores of the two groups after treatment and EMDR was more effective than citalopram in improvement of OCD signs. Conclusion. It is concluded that although both therapeutic methods (EMDR and Citalopram) had significant effect in improving obsessive signs but it seems that in short term EMRD has better effect in improvement of final outcome of OCD.

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

208. Garsen, B. (2005). A comparison of post traumatic stress disorder treatment modalities for adolescents. California State University, Long Beach, CA. AAT 1426939.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore treatment modalities for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for adolescents. This study examined current research on the treatment of PTSD by analyzing the content of books and articles written within the past 10 years. The study was a descriptive content analysis of currently used treatment modalities for PTSD. Data analysis involved a recursive process in which themes were identified and developed over numerous readings. The findings of this study indicated that PTSD symptomology was significantly reduced when adolescents were treated with cognitive behavioral methods. Controlled studies were located only for cognitive behavioral interventions. Pharmacological interventions were widely used to treat PTSD symptoms. However, there have been neither controlled nor open-label drug studies conducted regarding this population. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a promising new form of treatment that has yet to be examined in a rigorous manner. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) sometimes exacerbated PTSD symptoms in this population. The results of the study indicated that more controlled research needs to be generated targeting adolescents with PTSD.

Keywords: Adolescents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

209. Gauvry, S., Lesta, P., Gueudet, A., Larrarte, A. A., & Pallia, R. (2012, June). Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), Sudeck dystrophy: EMDR reprocessing therapy applied to the psychotherapy strategy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Description of the application of EMDR Psychotherapeutic Model, in a child with uncontrolled pain due to CRPS.

Keywords: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome CRSP Poster Sudeck Dystrophy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

210. Tofani, L. R. (2007). Complex separation, individuation processes, and anxiety disorders in young adulthood. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 265-283). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Research has shown that anxiety in children is highly influenced by parenting style, perception of family support (Rapee & Melville, 1997), and family relational patterns. Social Anxiety Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is considered to be a common disorder in young adults. According to Shapiro's (1995, 2001) Adaptive Information Processing model, a neurotic symptomatic situation in a young adult with an unfinished separation process may be connected to unresolved separations and other past traumas. This chapter discusses research and clinical evidence, and treatment of young adults with complex separation problems. Integration of family systems therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) is discussed. In this integrated treatment procedure, family therapy follows the experiential family systems therapy approach (Giat Roberto, 1992; Napier & Whitaker, 1978), with elements of multigenerational and Structural Family Therapy styles (Bowen, 1978; Minuchin & Fishman, 1992). The EMDR standard protocol is followed. A case example and concluding discussion complete the chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Family Relations Family Systems Therapy Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Individuation Integrative Psychotherapy Separation Anxiety Separation Individuation Separation Problems Separation Reactions Structural Family Therapy Young Adulthood

Accuracy Verified: Yes

211. Herbert, C. (2012, October). Complex trauma: Road to psychiatric dysfunction or path toward posttrauma growth?. Keynote at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Healthcare service providers, as well as, mental health practitioners, frequently associate the suffering of complex trauma with pathology, mental illness, personality disorders and severe psychiatric dysfunction. Clients are perceived as difficult to treat, interventions are guided by the nature of the psychiatric diagnosis and therapy focuses on crisis management and on helping clients to achieve reductions of symptoms that account for the psychiatric diagnosis. Although symptom reduction can be of great value and importance to sufferers, sole focus on this misses the great potential to engage a person in a transformative process that can lead to considerable inner strengthening, alignment and positive growth, as a result and in spite of their early traumatic experiences. This keynote introduces a shift in perspective away from the traditional focus on psychiatric dysfunction toward a model of positive growth for clients suffering from Complex Trauma and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). It is proposed that development of empathic empowerment of the individual toward greater personal authenticity, honesty, accountability and compassion can open the path toward posttrauma growth. However, in order to achieve such development specific parameters must be fulfilled. These parameters, which include therapist factors, the nature of the therapeutic relationship, an underlying therapeutic framework for working with complex trauma and the guiding principles and ingredients that nurture growth rather than dysfunction, will be outlined and illustrated through the use of client vignettes.

Keywords: Complex Trauma Posttraumatic Growth

Accuracy Verified: Yes

212. Merkies, Y. (2012, March). Complexe PTSS: Evaluatie van een behandeling door cliënt en therapeut - "Je moet niet typen tijdens de EMDR" [Complex PTSD: Evaluation of treatment by patient and therapist - "You need not type during EMDR."]. Presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Inhoud Presentatie: Het behandelen van complexe PTSS gaat met ups en downs. Tevreden zijn over een behaald succes kan afgewisseld worden met een periode van wanhoop. Het is voor de behandeling van belang dat de therapeut steeds een helikopterview houdt. Vragen die de therapeut daarbij zichzelf onder andere stelt zijn: waar zitten we in het proces, ben ik als therapeut te voortvarend of neem ik te weinig risico. De patiënt kan indien mogelijk gestimuleerd worden van een afstand naar zijn eigen behandeling te kijken en te leren analyseren: waardoor krijg ik nu een terugval of hoe gaat het nu met me? De verantwoordelijkheid en de regie liggen uiteraard bij de therapeut. Hoe kijkt de patiënt achteraf terug op zijn behandeling en de verschillende fasen hierin? Wat heeft hem in moeilijke periodes geholpen? Welk gedrag van de therapeut heeft hem echt geholpen en wat was juist storend (zie titel)? In hoeverre was humor helpend? Hoe kijkt de patiënt terug op de mate van inspraak. In deze presentatie wordt aan de hand van videobeelden en een interview met een patiënt teruggekeken op het therapieproces. De patiënt is een ernstig getraumatiseerde man, die na een periode van stabilisatie zijn traumatische ervaringen op papier tekende. De tekeningen zijn in het begin gebruikt bij de ordening en bij bepaling van de werkvolgorde van de EMDR- behandeling. Tijdens de behandeling kon hij zelf goed aangeven wat hem hielp en wat niet. Na een forse terugval was hij in staat om te analyseren waardoor dit kwam en wat er voor nodig was om hier weer uit te komen. Deelnemers krijgen mee wat de do’s en don’ts zijn vanuit patiënt perspectief. Het belang van het nadenken over de therapeutische houding wordt gestimuleerd. De mogelijke angst om blunders te maken is hierna verminderd.

"You need not type during the EMDR" Content Presentation: The treatment of complex PTSD goes with ups and downs. Satisfied with a success achieved can be varied with a period of despair. It is important that the treatment the therapist still keeps a helicopter view. Questions that the therapist himself, among other states are: where we are in the process, I as a therapist to energetically or I take too little risk. The patient may be encouraged where possible from a distance to his own treatment to look and learn to analyze: how do I get a relapse or how is it going with me? The responsibility and control are of course with the therapist. How does the patient subsequently returned to his treatment and the different phases in this? What has helped him in difficult times? What behavior of the therapist has really helped him and what was just annoying (see title)? To what extent humor was helpful? How does the patient back on the degree of involvement. In this presentation, using video footage and an interview with a patient look back on the therapy process. The patient is a severely traumatized man, who after a period of stabilization are traumatic experiences on paper signed. The drawings are in the beginning when used in the arrangement, and determining the operating sequence of the EMDR-treatment. During treatment, he could well indicate what helped him and what not. After a sharp decline, he was able to analyze and so this was what it took to come here again. Participants will take what the do's and don'ts are from patient perspective. The importance of thinking about the therapeutic attitude is encouraged. The possible fear of making mistakes is reduced below.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder C-PTSD Complex PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

213. Brunet, J. (2009, Octobre). Complications thérapeutiques suite au traitement EMDR chez un vétéran traumatisé [Therapeutic complications following treatment in a veteran trauma EMDR]. Journal International de Victimologie [International Journal of Victimology], 1(1), 1-5.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Il s'agit d'une étude de cas concernant une personne ayant vécu un épisode dissociatif sévère suite à une séance EMDR. Un seul article bref a, à ce jour, documenté les réactions adverses susceptibles d'être induites par EMDR... Sans parti pris, il semble essentiel à l'auteur de réfléchir sur les contre-indications que peuvent susciter la psychothérapie EMDR, tout comme sont étudiées les contre-indications des autres psychothérapies.

Keywords: Contraindications Brief Psychotherapy Trauma Veterans

Accuracy Verified: Yes

214. Popky, A. J. (1994). Computer metaphor for EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(3), 10-11.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Clients and participants have asked for a simple explanation of how EMDR works. Since my previous life was in high technology electronics and computers, I devised the following metaphor for my own understanding of the process. With the growing popularity of personal computers, more people have become computer literate and seem to understand this metaphor.

Keywords: Metaphor

Accuracy Verified: Yes

215. Codina, C., & Olivia, A. M. (2012, June). Concordancia corazon y cerebro [Heart and brain concordance]. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract: Abstract: Si bien es cierto que el EMDR tiene como objetivo el procesamiento de la información perturbadora hacia un estado adaptativo, no lo es menos que una exhaustiva y previa preparación de la persona, con el fin de asegurar sus recursos internos, facilita muchísimo el trabajo, cooperando en gran medida al éxito del mismo. Considero, por tanto, cuestión de responsabilidad terapéutica nutrir previamente al paciente con un amplio y efectivo surtido de ejercicios que refuercen su sentimiento de seguridad y confianza. En este sentido, la aportación de mi experiencia puede mostrar que: fomentar el desarrollo de la “Consciencia Psicocorpórea”(1) deviene el gran aliado no solamente de los seres humanos implicados en el proceso terapéutico, sino también del EMDR, el método terapéutico en sí. Llegué al EMDR impulsada por comprender ¿Qué ocurría? cuando en el proceso de solución, efectuando Constelaciones Familiares(2), los ojos cerrados del cliente(3) , a menudo, se movían como en la fase REM del sueño. Necesitaba una explicación. En el 2003 la encontré en un libro de David Servan-Schreiber sobre EMDR, generando un nuevo interrogante fruto del cual nace el trabajo: CONCORDANCIA CORAZÓN & CEREBRO CARMEN CODINA, EL EJERCICIO 5C.

Abstract: While the EMDR aims at disturbing information processing towards an adaptive state, the fact remains that a thorough and after preparation of the person, in order to ensure its internal resources, greatly facilitates the work, cooperating greatly to the success. I consider, therefore, a matter of responsibility to nurture therapeutic advance for patients with a wide and effective range of exercises to strengthen their sense of security and confidence. In this sense, the contribution of my experience may show that: encourage the development of "Psicocorpórea Consciousness" (1) becomes not only a great ally of the humans involved in the therapeutic process, but also of EMDR, the therapeutic method itself. I came to understand EMDR driven by What happened? when the settlement process, making Constellations (2), the closed eyes of the customer (3) often moved as in REM sleep. I needed an explanation. In 2003 I found a book by David Servan-Schreiber about EMDR, creating a new question which arises fruit of work: MATCHING HEART & BRAIN CODINA CARMEN, THE EXERCISE 5C.

Keywords: Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

216. Monteiro, A. M. (2012, September). Conquistas na Psicoterapia: Estudos de caso com EMDR [Conquists in Psychotherapy: Case studies with EMDR]. Associação Brasileira de EMDR, Brasilia.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Book

Abstract:
Este livro de casos descreve sessões por diferentes autores/terapeutas que utilizaram a nova abordagem psicoterapêutica, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) para tratar seus clientes. Cada caso contem a história do cliente, o manejo clínico e os resultados - muitas vezes surpreendentes pela rapidez e eficácia de resolução. Trata-se do primeiro livro de casos de EMDR publicados por autores brasileiros.

This book describes cases of sessions by different authors / therapists who used the new approach psychotherapy, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) to treat their customers. Each case contains client history, clinical management and outcomes - often surprising the speed and efficiency of resolution. This is the first book-case EMDR published by Brazilian authors.

Keywords: Case Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

217. Waayer, M., & Feijtel, M. (2006, November). Context en timing bij EMDR behandelingen met adolescenten [Context and timing of EMDR treatment with adolescents]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Pubers en adolescenten, leeftijd tussen 12 en 18 jaar kennen intensieve, snel wisselende ontwikkelingsfasen waarbij het veel afstemming van de therapeut vraagt hoe hij of zij contact kan aangaan met de jongere en zijn ouders. Deze jongeren komen slechts zelden met een eigen hulpvraag bij de GGZ. Meestal trekken de ouders aan de bel, soms school, soms een andere hulpverlener. Om met adolescenten te kunnen werken is het essentieel dat we aansluiting zoeken en vinden bij de jongere zelf en hoe die zijn probleem ervaart, ook al kan deze probleemdefinitie lijnrecht tegenover de aanmeldingsreden staan. Als er een hulpvraag is gevonden die erkent kan worden door de jonger zelf en door zijn ouders/opvoeders heeft de behandeling meer bodem om te kunnen starten. Een indicatie voor EMDR-behandeling vraagt altijd om goede voorlichting en uitleg. Bij jongeren speelt vervolgens mee dat de identiteitsontwikkeling en de daarmee gepaard gaande onzekerheidsgevoelens er vaak aan bijdraagt dat EMDR als een “ vreemde gang van zaken” wordt beschouwd. De therapeut moet genoeg vertrouwen in zichzelf en de therapie hebben om de jongere ook het vertrouwen te geven om in proces te durven gaan. Soms gaat dit in golfbewegingen. Het effect van de behandeling kan om dezelfde reden ontkend worden door de jongere zelf ( er zijn dingen veranderd maar dat kan natuurlijk nooit komen door dat rare gedoe, dat komt vast door die nieuwe verkering die nu zo gelukkig maakt) en belangrijk is dan om ook de context van de jongere erbij te betrekken. Ouders, brusjes of/en vrienden en school kunnen belangrijke informatiebronnen zijn om een goede inschatting te maken over het eventuele effect van de behandeling. Timing wanneer een EMDR-behandeling kan starten zal rekening moeten houden met schoolvakanties, proefwerken, PTA’s, (examen)feesten…omdat het belangrijk is om niet teveel risico te nemen op verbreking van het verwerkingsproces.

Teenagers and adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years have intense, rapidly varying stages of development where it is much matching the therapist asks how he or she can enter into contact with juveniles and their parents. These young people are rare with an own demand for care in mental health. Usually the parents pull the bell, school sometimes, sometimes another helper. To be able to work with adolescents is essential that we seek and find connections with the young people themselves and what they are experiencing problems, even though this problem definition are diametrically opposed to notification reason. If there is a demand for care is found to be acknowledge by the younger self and his parents / guardians, the more soil treatment to start. One indication of EMDR therapy always requires good information and explanation. Among young people is then that the identity development and the associated uncertainty feelings that often contributes EMDR as a "foreign affairs" is seen. The therapist must have enough confidence in himself and the therapy to the young people the confidence to dare to go to trial. Sometimes this in waves. The effect of the treatment can be denied for the same reason the young people themselves (there are some things changed but that can obviously never get through the crazy stuff that is established by the new traffic that is so happy) and also important is to the context of the younger involvement. Parents, siblings and / or friends and school information important to a good estimate on the possible effect of the treatment. Timing when an EMDR treatment will have to start with school, papers, PTA's, (exam) parties ... because it's important not to take too much risk of breaking the process.

Keywords: Adolescents Juveniles

Accuracy Verified: Yes

218. Carrigan, M., & Levis, D. (1999, January-April). The contributions of eye movements to the efficiacy of brief exposure treatment for reducing fear of public speaking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 101-118. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00042-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The present study was designed to isolate the effects of the eye-movement component of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure in the treatment of fear of public speaking. Seventy-one undergraduate psychology students who responded in a fearful manner on the Fear Survey Schedule II and on a standardized, self-report measure of public speaking anxiety (Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker; PRCS) were randomly assigned to one of four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The two independent variables assessed were treatment condition (imagery plus eye movements vs. imagery alone) and type of imagery (fear-relevant vs. relaxing). Dependent variables assessed were self-reported and physiological anxiety during exposure and behavioral indices of anxiety while giving a speech. Although process measures indicated exposure to fear-relevant imagery increased anxiety during the procedure, no significant differences among groups were found on any of the outcome measures, except that participants who received eye movements were less likely to give a speech posttreatment than participants who did not receive eye movements. Addition of the eye movements to the experimental procedure did not result in enhancement of fear reduction. It was concluded, consistent with the results of past research, that previously reported positive effects of the EMDR procedure may be largely due to exposure to conditioned stimuli (ScienceDirect).

Keywords: Americans College Students Empirical Study Experimental Stressors Females Phobia Psychophysiology Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

219. Schnurr, P. P. (1999, Winter). Control groups in psychotherapy research. PTSD Research Quarterly, 10(1), 1, 8.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Discusses the inferences that can be drawn from studies of psychotherapy effectiveness, based on the type of therapy control group that is used, with particular attention to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. [FAL]

Keywords: Methodology Psychotherapy Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

220. Power, K. G., McGoldrick, T., & Brown, K. W. (1999). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring versus waiting list in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Report to the Scottish Home and Health Department, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Language: English

Format: Publication

Keywords: Adults Brief Psychotherapy British Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Females Males Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

221. Power, K., McGoldrick, T., Brown, K., Buchanan, R., Sharp, D., Swanson, V., & Karatzias, A. (2002, August). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring, versus waiting list in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9(5), 299-318. doi:10.1002/cpp.341.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A total of 105 patients with PTSD were randomly allocated to eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) (n = 39) versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring (E + CR) (n = 37) versus waiting list (WL) (n = 29) in a primary care setting. EMDR and E + CR patients received a maximum of 10 treatment sessions over a 10-week period. All patients were assessed by blind raters prior to randomization and at end of the 10-week treatment or waiting list period. EMDR and E + CR patients were also assessed by therapists at the mid-point of the 10- week treatment period and on average at 15 months follow-up. Patients were assessed on a variety of assessor-rated and self-report measures of PTSD symptomatology including the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Impact of Events Scale (IOE) and a self-report version of the SI-PTSD Checklist. Measures of anxiety and depression included the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A measure of social function, the Sheehan Disability Scale, was also used. Drop-out rates between the three groups were 12 EMDR, 16 E + CR, and 5 WL. Treatment end-point analyses were conducted on the remaining 72 patients. Repeated measures analysis of variance of treatment outcome at 10 weeks revealed significant time, interaction, and group effects for all the above measures. In general there were significant and substantial pre-post reductions for EMDR and E + CR groups but no change for the WL patients. Both treatments were effective over WL. The only indication of superiority of either active treatment, in relation to measures of clinically significant change, was a greater reduction in patient self-reported depression ratings and improved social functioning for EMDR in comparison to E + CR at the end of the treatment period and for fewer number of treatment sessions for EMDR (mean 4.2) than E + CR (mean 6.4) patients. At 15 months follow-up treatment gains were generally well-maintained with the only difference, in favour of EMDR over E + CR, occurring in relation to assessor-rated levels of clinically significant change in depression. However, exclusion of patients who had subsequent treatment during the follow-up period diminished the proportion of patients achieving long-term clinically significant change. In summary, at end of treatment and at follow-up, both EMDR and E + CR are effective in the treatment of PTSD with only a slight advantage in favour of EMDR. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Brief Psychotherapy British Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Females Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

222. Marcus, S., Marquis, P., & Sakai, C. (1997, Fall). Controlled study of treatment of PTSD using EMDR in an HMO setting. Psychotherapy, 34(3), 307-315. doi:10.1037/h0087791.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
67 individuals diagnosed with PTSD were randomly assigned to either Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or Standard Care (SC) treatment. Participants were assessed pretreatment, after 3 sessions, and at the completion of treatment using the Symptom Checklist-90, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Events Scale, Modified PTSD Scale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Subjective Units of Disturbance. In addition, an independent evaluator assessed participants using DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD including Global Assessment of Functioning at the 3 data points. The individuals in the EMDR treatment group showed significantly greater improvement with greater rapidity than those in the SC treatment group on measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and general symptoms. Participants who received EMDR treatment used fewer medication appointments for their psychological symptoms and needed fewer psychotherapy appointments. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Managed Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

223. Grand, D., Hartung, J., & Bergmann, U. (2007, Novembro). Conversando com… David Grand, John Hartung, Uri Bergmann [Talking with ... David Grand, John Hartung, Uri Bergmann]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nos últimos dez anos, as pesquisas sugerem que o Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) seja uma desordem de humor, memória e integração somatossensorial. Estudos com neuroimagens e neuroendocrinologia têm demonstrado marcadores muito claros desse transtorno, destacando a compreensão de que o TEPT seja uma desordem neurobiológica e não o reflexo de fraqueza psicológica. Nesta apresentação examinaremos o processo de formação e consolidação da memória, a neurobiologia do TEPT e as neuroimagens correspondentes. A integração dessas três linhas ilustrarão os efeitos do TEPT sobre a regulação do humor, memória e integração somatossensorial.

Over the past decade, research suggests that Post-Traumatic Stressm Disorder (PTSD) is a disorder of mood, memory and somatosensory integration. Studies with neuroimaging and neuroendocrinology have markers demonstrated very clear that disorder, highlighting the understanding that PTSD is a neurobiological disorder and not the reflection of psychological weakness. In this presentation we will examine the process formation and consolidation of memory, neurobiology of PTSD and neuroimaging corresponding. The integration of these three lines illustrate the effects of PTSD on the regulation of mood, memory and somatosensory integration.

Keywords: Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

224. Pagani, M., Högberg, G., Fernandez, I., & Siracusano, A. (2013). Correlates of EMDR therapy in functional and structural neuroimaging: A critical summary of recent findings. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 29-38. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.29.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Neuroimaging investigations of the effects of psychotherapies treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), have reported findings consistent with modifications in cerebral blood flow (CBF; single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]), in neuronal volume and density (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and more recently in brain electric signal (electroencephalography [EEG]). Additionally in the recent past, EMDR- related neurobiological changes were monitored by EEG during therapy itself and showed a shift of the maximal activation from emotional limbic to cortical cognitive brain regions. This was the first time in which neurobiological changes occurring during any psychotherapy session have been reported, making EMDR the first psychotherapy with a proven neurobiological effect. The purpose of this article was to review the results of functional and structural changes taking place at PTSD treatment and presented during the period of 1999–2012 by various research groups. The reported pathophysiological changes are presented by neuropsychological technique and implemented methodology and critically analyzed.

Keywords: EEG Limbic System MRI Neurobiology SPECT

Accuracy Verified: Yes

225. Benish, S. G., Imel, Z. E., & Wampold, B. E. (2008, October). Corrigendum to “The relative efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies for treating post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of direct comparisons”. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1281. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.06.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In the course of extending our meta-analysis of the relative efficacy of psychotherapy treatment of PTSD (Benish, Imel, & Wampold, 2008), we detected three errors in the original analysis that appear in Table 1. The effect size for all measures should be d=.40 for Foa et al. (1999), while all measures and PTSD measures for Devilly & Spence (1999) should be d=.43 and d=.57, respectively. In the original analysis, data from Resick et al. (1988) was erroneously included in lieu of Resick (2002) including the quotation. The correct effect size for Resick et al. (2002) all measures and PTSD measures should be d=.31 and d=.27, respectively. After correcting these errors, the upper bound of the aggregated effect increases slightly to 0.19 and 0.22 for all measures and PTSD measures, respectively. These errors did not affect the significance level of any test of the hypotheses of the study.

Keywords: Corrigendum

Accuracy Verified: Yes

226. Chard, K. M., & Gilman, R. (2005, August). Counseling trauma victims: 4 brief therapies meet the test. Current Psychiatry, 4(8). 50, 55-58, 61-62, 64.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Therapists once believed trauma survivors required years of treatment, yet we now know that relatively brief cognitive-behavioral interventions can yield long-term gains in psychosocial and psychological function. Many psychiatric patients meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD, including: 33% of women experiencing sexual assault, 30% of male war veterans, and 30% of the 5 million U.S. children exposed to trauma each year. The authors offer recommendations on how to prepare traumatized adults and children for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and discuss four tested models -- prolonged exposure (PE), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and stress inoculation training (SIT) -- that psychiatrists may find effective when treating PTSD. [Adapted from Text] [Pilots]

Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

227. Cahill, S. P. (2000, July 1). Counterpoint: Evaluating EMDR in treating PTSD. Psychiatric Times, 17(7), 3-14.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
EMDR: Is Psychiatry Missing the Boat? (point) EMDR in Treating PTSD (counterpoint) This discussion focuses on the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a highly controversial treatment for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The point article stresses the extensive body of literature that shows the efficacy and safety of EMDR as a treatment protocol. It also explains the treatment process. The counterpoint article argues that much of the research supporting EMDR may not be methodologically sound and that attempting to make statements of efficacy based on the current literature may not be wise.[Psychiatric Times]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

228. Singer, M. T., & Lalich, J. (1996). Crazy therapies: What are they? Do they work?. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
The relationship between patient and therapist is unique in important ways when compared to relationships between clients and other professionals such as physicians, dentists, attorneys, and accountants. The key difference is present from first contact: it is not clearly understood exactly what will transpire. There is no other professional relationship in which consumers are more in the dark than when they first go to see a therapist.
In other fields, the public is fairly well informed about what the professional does. Tradition, the media, and general experience have provided consumers with a baseline by which to judge what transpires. If you break your arm, the orthopedist explains she will take an X ray and set the bone; she tells you something about how long the healing will take if all goes well and gives you an estimate of the cost. When you go to a dentist, you expect him to look at your teeth, take a history, explain what was noted, and recommend a course of treatment with an estimate of time and cost. Your accountant will focus on bookkeeping, tax reports, and finances, and help you deal with regulatory agencies. Consumers enter these relationships expecting that the training, expertise, and ethical obligations of the professional will keep the client's best interests foremost. Both the consumer and the professional are aware of each person's role, and it is generally expected that the professional will stick to doing what he or she is trained to do. The consumer does not expect his accountant to lure him into accepting a new cosmology of how the world works or to "channel" financial information from "entities" who lived thousands of years ago; or for his dentist to induce him to believe that the status of his teeth was affected by an extraterrestrial experimenting on him. Nor does the patient expect the orthopedist to lead him to think the reason he fell and broke his arm was because he was under the influence of a secret satanic cult. But seeing a therapist is a far different situation for the consumer. In the field of psychotherapy there is no relatively agreed upon body of knowledge, no standard procedures that a client can expect. There are no national regulatory bodies, and not every state has governing boards or licensing agencies. There are many types and levels of practitioners. Often the client knows little or nothing at all about what type of therapy a particular therapist "believes in" or what the therapist is really going to be doing in the relationship with the client. In meeting a therapist for the first time, most consumers are almost as blind as a bat about what will transpire between the two of them. At most, they might think they will probably talk to the therapist and perhaps get some feedback or suggestions for treatment. What clients might not be aware of is the gamut of training, the idiosyncratic notions, and the odd practices that they may be exposed to by certain practitioners. Consumers are a vulnerable and trusting lot. And because of the special, unpredictable nature of the therapeutic relationship, it is easy for them to be taken advantage of. This makes it all the more incumbent on therapists to be especially ethical and aware of the power their role carries in our society. The misuse and abuse of power is one of the central factors in what goes wrong. Questions to Ask Your Prospective Therapist Ultimately, a therapist is a service provider who sells a service. A prospective client should feel free to ask enough questions to be able to make an informed decision about whether to hire a particular therapist. We have provided a general list of questions to ask a prospective therapist, but feel free to ask whatever you need to know in order to make a proper evaluation. Consider interviewing several therapists before settling on one, just as you might in purchasing any product. Draw up your list of questions before phoning or going in for your first appointment. We recommend that you ask these questions in a phone interview first, so that you can weed out unlikely candidates and save yourself the time and expense of initial visits that don't go anywhere. If during the process a therapist continues to ask you, "Why do you ask?" or acts as though your questioning reflects some defect in you, think carefully before signing up. Those types of responses will tell you a lot about the entire attitude this person will express toward you - that is, that you are one down and he is one up, and that furthermore you are quaint to even ask the "great one" to explain himself. If you are treated with disdain for asking about what you are buying, think ahead: how could this person lead you to feel better, plan better, or have more self-esteem if he begins by putting you down for being an alert consumer? Remember, you may be feeling bad and even desperate, but there are thousands of mental health professionals, so if this one is not right, keep on phoning and searching.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

229. Gomez, A. M. (2006, September). Creative approaches to motivate, prepare, and guide children to use EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is intended to teach specific ways to use storytelling, metaphors and play therapy techniques within the context of the EMDR protocol. Participants will learn play therapy techniques to use during the target identification phase. Techniques such as the "mixed up box", "My yucky bags" among others, will provide a playful approach to assist children in identifying EMDR targets as well as to provide an opportunity for containment. Safe place, as well as other types of resource development, will be addressed using alternative ways to cue the child, such as olfactory stimulation. Participants will learn metaphors and stories to help children understand what happens in the mind and body when trauma occurs. These metaphors are intended to motivate children that are reluctant to embrace the memories associated to the trauma. By using stones and metaphors, children can also maintain emotional distance from their own struggles. One of the main goals of this workshop is to help clinicians learn to communicate more effectively with children by using metaphors, stones and play. How to talk to children about EMDR and how to prepare children for the outcome of EMDR will be addressed. By making the process more predictable, the likelihood of children stopping the process when they experience the difficult feelings associated with the trauma might be minimized. Participants will also learn to use creative, fun and playful ways to assist children in understanding and using the measure scales of the EMDR protocol (SUDS and VOC).

Keywords: Children Metaphors Play Therapy Storytelling Targets

Accuracy Verified: Yes

230. Spierings, J. J. (2008, June). Creative cognitive interweaves with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with severely damaged clients, we can hardly expect EMDR-processing to go smoothly by itself. ‘Just staying out of the way’ is not enough to help these clients process their traumatic material. A more active approach is called for to bring traumaresolution. In EMDR this type of intervening is called ‘(cognitive) interweaving’. The therapist may need to intervene on the process level with process interweaves, in order to keep the client within his window of (affect) tolerance. Or the therapist has to intervene on the content level with content interweaves; when the client gets stuck in a specific problem he is unable to solve with the information he has available. In this workshop the participant learns to use process interweaves to modulate the arousal level of the client. In addition to this a toolkit of useful content interweaves is presented, cognitive and non-cognitive, e.g. sensory, physical, and religious interweaves. Metaphors for all kinds of blocks, bits and pieces of psycho-education for specific stuck points, unorthodox, creative or hilarious interweaves to get round resistance, and interweaves to bring reconciliation and forgiveness.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave

Accuracy Verified: Yes

231. Holden, S. (2011, October). A creative look at cognitive interweaves. Presentation at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Process Oriented Psychology’s founder, Arnold Mindell developed a therapeutic style assuming that everything that happens is meaningful and that the seed of the solution to a disturbance or problem lies within the problem itself. I will illustrate ways in which subtle signals from unintended, yet meaningful behaviours in EMDR can be woven back into a client’s awareness, and with the help of a little amplification, can provide a Creative Interweave, that helps to move the client on when processing is blocked. (Author abstract)

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave

Accuracy Verified: Yes

232. Spierings, J. (2012, April). A creative new look at interweaves / Un regard nouveau et créatif sur le tissage (Interweaves). Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with severely damaged clients, ‘just staying out of the way’ is not enough to help these clients process their traumatic material. A more active approach is called for to bring trauma resolution. In EMDR, this type of intervening is called '(cognitive) interweaving’. In this presentation, a distinction will be made between process and content interweaves. The process interweaves are designed to keep the client within their window of affect tolerance. Or, the therapist may intervene on the content level, when the client gets stuck in a specific problem they are unable to solve with the available information. Content interweaves may be either cognitive or non-cognitive, e.g. sensory, physical, humorous, symbolic and spiritual interweaves. The presentation includes metaphors for all kinds of blocks, bits and pieces of psycho-education for specific stuck points, unorthodox, creative or hilarious interweaves to get round resistance, and interweaves to bring reconciliation and forgiveness.
Learning objectives: 1.To understand the concept of interweaves and when they are used 2.To understand the difference between process and content interweaves 3.To learn to use process interweaves to modulate the arousal level of the client 4.To develop a toolkit of useful content interweaves including both cognitive and non-cognitive examples, e.g. sensory, physical, humorous , symbolic and spiritual interweaves.

Keywords: Interweaves

Accuracy Verified: Yes

233. Perkins, B., & Rouanzoin, C. (2002, January). A critical evaluation of current views regarding eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Clarifying points of confusion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 77-97. doi:10.1002/jclp.1130.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR is an active psychological treatment for PTSD that has received widely divergent reactions from the scientific and professional community. This article examines points of confusion in the published literature on EMDR, including the theoretical, empirical, and historical issues around EMDR and placebo effects, exposure procedures, the eye movement component, treatment fidelity issues, and outcome studies. It also examines historical information relevant to the scientific process and charges of "pseudoscience" regarding EMDR. We conclude that the confusion in the literature is due to (a) the lack of an empirically validated model capable of convincingly explaining the effects of the EMDR method, (b) inaccurate and selective reporting of research, (c) some poorly designed empirical studies, (d) inadequate treatment fidelity in some outcome research, and (e) multiple biased or inaccurate reviews by a relatively small group of authors. Reading the original research articles frequently helps to reduce the confusion arising from the research review literature. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

234. Crittenton Children’s Center. (2013, May 28). Crittenton Children's Center receives grant for study of psychotherapy trauma treatment. Sacramento Bee, Sacramento, CA. Retrieved from http://www.sacbee.com/2013/05/28/5453013/crittenton-childrens-center-receives.html 5/28/2013.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Crittenton Children's Center has received a two-year, $10,000 grant from the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Research Foundation to conduct a first of its kind study addressing trauma in children. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Press Release Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

235. Lee, C. (2008). Crucial processes in EMDR - More than imaginal exposure. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(4), 262-268. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.4.262.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The processes that underlie the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are examined by evaluating the procedural differences between it and exposure therapy. Major factors include the degree of emphasis placed on reliving versus distancing in the therapies and the degree to which clients are encouraged to focus on direct trauma experiences versus experiences associated with the trauma. Research results indicate that, unlike traditional imaginal exposure, reliving responses in EMDR did not correlate with symptom improvement. Instead, consistent with an information processing model, the degree of distancing in EMDR was significantly associated with improvement. A case study is described to highlight these methodological divergences in the respective therapies relating to reliving. Finally, the research regarding the possible sources of the distancing response within EMDR was examined. The results indicate that the distancing process was more likely to be an effect produced by eye movements than by any therapist instructions. Theoretical and research evaluations indicate that the mechanisms underlying EMDR and traditional exposure therapy are different.

Keywords: Exposure Therapy Information Processing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Reliving

Accuracy Verified: Yes

236. Renner, W., Banninger-Huber, E., & Peltzer, K. (2011). Culture-sensitive and resource oriented peer (CROP) - Groups as a community based intervention for trauma survivors: A randomized controlled pilot study with refugees and asylum seekers from Chechnya. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 2011-1, 1-13.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Asylum seekers and refugees frequently suffer from post-traumatic stress and culturally sensitive methods towards reducing symptoms should be taken into account. The aim of the work reported here was to examine the effectiveness of Culture-Sensitive and Resource Oriented Peer (CROP) - Groups for Chechen asylum seekers and refugees towards reducing post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Some ninety-four participants were randomly assigned to 15 sessions of CROP - or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) - Groups, to 3 single sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), or to a Wait-List (WL). The results indicated that CROP was significantly superior to WL, and was equally effective as CBT in reducing post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Improvements still were present at three and six month follow-up occasions. EMDR yielded negative results. According to this pilot study, CROP-Groups pose a promising, culturally sensitive alternative to psychotherapy with Chechen migrants.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers Chechnya Community-Based Intervention CROP Culture-Sensitive and Resource Oriented Peer Pakistan Pilot Study Psychological Trauma Randomized Control Trial RCT Refugees Survivor Trauma Treatment Center Treatment Response Violent Situation in Pakistan

Accuracy Verified: Yes

237. Carvalho, E. (2011, August). Curando a galera que mora la dentro: Como o EMDR e as novas terapias de reprocessamento podem curar nossos papeis internos [Healing the folks who live inside: How EMDR can heal our inner gallery of roles]. Reino Editorial .

Language: Portuguese

Format: Book

Abstract:
Este livro tem como proposta identificar e esclarecer a existência da Galera Interna – aqueles personagens que moram dentro de todos nós e que dirigem as nossas vidas, tais como a Medrosinha, o Adolescente em Crise, a Criança Assustada, o Mentiroso (que mente para mim!). Veremos como estes papéis nascem e se desenvolvem dentro de nós, qual a função que cumprem nas nossas vidas, as suas interações e algumas formas de curar aquelas personagens feridas da nossa Galera Interna que nos impedem de viver plenamente. A ênfase especial neste processo de curar é nas novas terapias de reprocessamento tais como EMDR e Brainspotting. Também se aprende a celebrar àqueles papéis que nos edificam, nos jogam para cima e para frente e nos servem de recursos positivos. Enfim, temos como proposta desenvolver a “política da boa convivência” só que dessa vez, com os personagens que vivem dentro de nós, a nossa Galera Interna.

Do you sometimes feel like you don’t understand your reactions, feelings or thoughts? As if someone had hijacked the driver’s seat of your life and you wound up doing something stupid? Or regret your response? You don’t make sense in some situations, even to yourself? Maybe a wounded inner role took over and you didn’t catch it...? This book will explain what you can do about it. Using EMDR therapy to treat our Inner Gallery of Roles has brought together the best of reprocessing and role therapy for trauma and painful memories. Written for the layperson and full of snippets from the author’s case studies, it will give readers information about emotional trauma and why we should treat it. In a fun, entertaining and yet informative manner, it illustrates how our inner roles run our lives – for better or for worse. The purpose of this book is to help identify and clarify the existence of our Inner Gallery of roles – those who live inside all of us and that drive many aspects of our lives, such as the Scaredy-Cat, the Adolescent in Crisis, the Liar (that even lies to myself!), and the Inner Doctor. We will see how these roles are born and develop within, their functions and interactions in our lives, and how to heal the wounded ones, so that we can lead more fulfilling lives. We can also learn how to celebrate those roles that build us up and move us forward in life, and serve as positive resources when we need them. Although Role Theory is an integral part of Psychodrama the special emphasis in this healing process is on EMDR, a new reprocessing therapy developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro. We tie together all of these aspects in order to help our Inner Gallery of roles develop “good neighborhood policies” and live in greater harmony and health. In this book we will explain how roles develop inside of us and how trauma and painful memories keep our roles from proper development as we grow up.

Keywords: Inner Gallery of Roles

Accuracy Verified: Yes

238. Kluft, R. P. (2003). Current issues in dissociative identity disorder. Bridging Eastern and Western Psychiatry, 1(1), 71-87.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), remains among the most challenging of mental disorders. It is difficult to understand, to diagnose, to treat, to discuss objectively in the face of the many controversies that swirl around it. It remains a condition that requires intensive individual psychotherapy for its satisfactory resolution. The controversies that have surrounded DID have often obscured the progress that has been made. DID is emerging as a not uncommon consequence of overwhelming childhood events. The major challenges facing the treatment of DID are disentangling this condition and its therapy from the controversies that swirl about them, encouraging the more widespread use of specific diagnostic approaches, educating managed care organizations to accept standards of care for DID that are based upon those treatment approaches that are effective, making specific treatments for DID more available, and continuing to develop more successful approaches for the more difficult-to-treat DID subgroups of DID patients.

Keywords: Dissociative Identity Disorder DID MPD Multiple Personality Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

239. Spector, J., & Read, J. (1999, July). The current status of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6(3), 165-174. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199907).

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) has increasingly been proposed as an effective therapeutic procedure for post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems. However, views on EMDR in the research literature have been polarized. Reasons for this are explored as is the nature and theoretical basis of EMDR. Fifteen controlled studies thus far published on EMDR and PTSD are reviewed, and it is concluded that (i) EMDR is an effective psychotherapy, (ii) EMDR's relative efficacy in comparison to behavioural exposure therapies has yet to be established, (iii) the role of eye movements and laterality in attentional focus remains controversial and (iv) a direct link between the theoretical basis of the therapy and observable psychological and neurobiological changes has yet to be established. [Wiley]

Keywords: Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Reprocessing Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

240. Zangwill, W. M. (1997, July). The dance of the cognitive interweave. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: S
hapiro has often stated that the basic EMDR protocols will work with many clients roughly 30% to 50% of the time. The rest of the time, clinicians have to "jump start" the process. One of the most effective tools to do this is the cognitive interweave. Yet, it is also one of the least understood and used. While the Level Two trainings have recently increased their emphasis on the use of the interweave, many clinicians still feel uncomfortable with both the concept and implementation of the cognitive interweave.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave

Accuracy Verified: Yes

241. Corrigan, P. (2002). The data is still the thing: A reply to Gaynor and Hayes. the Behavior Therapist, 25(7/8), 140.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Acceptance & Commitment Therapy Behavior Therapy DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Letter Reply

Accuracy Verified: Yes

242. Jongedijk, R. A., Gersons, B. P. R., & ter Heide, F. J. J. (2011, Het Voorjaar). De behandeling van complexe ptss-patiënten: Traumagerichte therapieën [The treatment of complex PTSD patients: Trauma-focused therapies]. Presentatie op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam .

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Bij de behandeling van complexe ptss-patiënten wordt niet altijd de evidence- based behandeling toegepast, zoals die wordt beschreven in de richtlijnen. Doorgaans is de mening, dat stabilisatie het enige mogelijke is vanwege gevaar voor psychische decompensatie. Inmiddels is voldoende evidentie, dat traumagerichte therapieën ook bij complexe ptsspatiënten mogelijk en effectief zijn. Doel: In deze bijblijfsessie zal worden betoogd, dat evidence-based traumagerichte behandeling bij complexe ptss-patiënten mogelijk en wenselijk is. Aandacht zal worden besteed aan moeilijkheden en mogelijkheden bij deze groep patiënten. Methoden: Na een algemene inleiding over de richtlijnen voor psychotherapeutische behandeling van ptss en over complexe ptss (R. Jongedijk), zullen vervolgens presentaties worden gegeven over drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss, te weten het Kort Eclectisch Protocol voor ptss (kep; B. Gersons), narratieve exposure therapy (net; R. Jongedijk) en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr; J. ter Heide). Expliciet zal worden ingegaan op de moeilijkheden en mogelijkheden van deze therapievormen bij complexe ptss-patiënten. De aanpassingen in de behandeling voor deze groep patiënten zal worden besproken. Na de voordrachten zal er tijd zijn voor vragen en discussie. Resultaten: Er is een duidelijk overzicht gegeven van drie evidence-based psychotherapievormen voor ptss. Voor de complexe groep ptss-patiënten zijn de eventuele aanpassingen aan de standaardprocedures van de behandeling aan bod gekomen. Aangetoond is dat deze behandelvormen goed toepasbaar zijn bij complexe ptss-patiënten. Conclusie: Evidence-based behandeling van complexe ptss-patiënten door middel van traumagerichte psychotherapie heeft doorgaans de voorkeur. De deelnemer van de bijblijfsessie heeft kennis genomen van drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss en kent de moeilijkheden en mogelijkheden om deze toe te passen bij complexe ptss-patiënten.

In the treatment of complex PTSD patients is not always evidence-based treatment applied as described in the guidelines. Typically, the view that stabilization is the only possible because of risk of psychological decompensation. Meanwhile, sufficient evidence that trauma-focused therapies even for complex ptsspatiënten possible and effective. Purpose: This bijblijfsessie will be argued that evidence-based trauma-focused treatment for complex PTSD patients is possible and desirable. Consideration will be given to problems and opportunities in this patient group. Methods: After a general introduction about the guidelines for psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD and complex PTSD (R. Jongedijk) will then presentations are given on three evidence-based treatments for PTSD, namely the short Eclectic Protocol for PTSD (kep; B . Gersons), narrative exposure therapy (net; R. Jongedijk) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR, J. Heide). Will explicitly address the difficulties and possibilities of this therapy are patients with complex PTSD. The adjustments in the treatment of these patients will be discussed. After the presentations there will be time for questions and discussion. Results: There is a clear overview of three evidence-based forms of psychotherapy for PTSD. For the complex group of PTSD patients, the adjustments to the standard procedures of treatment addressed. It has been demonstrated that these therapies are well applicable for complex PTSD patients. Conclusion: Evidence-based treatment of complex PTSD patients by trauma-focused psychotherapy is usually preferred. The participant of bijblijfsessie has noted three evidence-based treatments for PTSD and knows the difficulties and possibilities to apply it in complex PTSD patients.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

243. Jongedijk, R. A., Gersons, B. P. R., & ter Heide, F. J. J. (2010). De behandeling van patiënten met PTSS met narrative exposure therapy, het kort eclectisch protocol voor PTSS en eye movement desensitisation [The treatment of patients with PTSD narrative exposure therapy, the short protocol for PTSD and eclectic eye movement desensitisation]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie 52(4), 4.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Achtergrond: Bij de behandeling van patiënten met een posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss) worden niet altijd de evidence-based behandelvormen toegepast zoals beschreven in de richtlijnen en in de literatuur. Vooral bij de complexere traumapatiënten worden regelmatig alleen stabilisatietechnieken en/of farmacotherapie toegepast. Doel: In deze bijblijfsessie wordt betoogd dat evidence-based traumagerichte behandeling mogelijk en wenselijk is, ook bij veel complexe patiënten die te maken hebben gehad met oorlog, vervolging, geweld en/of beroepsgerelateerd trauma. Methoden: Er zullen drie voordrachten worden gegeven, met daarna discussie, door drie specialisten in de behandeling van ptss. De voordrachten zullen drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss illustreren, te weten narrative exposure therapy (net), het Kort Eclectisch Protocol voor ptss (kep) en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr). Resultaten: De drie getoonde behandelvormen zijn goed toepasbaar en effectief bij patiënten met een ptss. Dit zal worden aangetoond met behulp van theoretische uitgangspunten, ervaringen uit de klinische praktijk en onderzoeksgegevens. Conclusie: Behandeling van complexe traumapatiënten met ptss door middel van traumagerichte psychotherapie heeft doorgaans de voorkeur. De deelnemer van de bijblijfsessie heeft kennisgenomen van drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss.

Background: In the treatment of patients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not always evidence-based treatment as described in the application forms and guidelines in the literature. Especially with complex trauma patients are frequently only stabilization techniques and /or pharmacotherapy used. This goal bijblijfsessie is argued that evidence-based trauma-focused treatment is possible and desirable, even with many complex patients who have experienced war, persecution, violence and / or job-related trauma. Methods: will be given three nominations, followed by discussion, by three specialists in the treatment of PTSD. The presentations will be three evidence-based treatments for PTSD illustrate, namely narrative exposure therapy (NET), the Short PTSD Eclectic Protocol (KEP) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). The results shown three forms of treatment are well applicable and effective in patients with PTSD. This will be demonstrated using theoretical assumptions, experiences from clinical practice and research. Opinion Treatment of complex trauma patients with PTSD using trauma-focused psychotherapy is usually preferred. The participant of bijblijfsessie has noted three evidence-based treatments for PTSD.

Keywords: Narrative Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

244. Black, J., & Gauvreau, P. (2010, Avril/Mai). De la problématique, à la cible, à la désensibilisation [Of the problem, the target, the desensitization]. Atelier présenté à la réunion annuelle de l'EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Il peut être parfois un défi pour les thérapeutes EMDR à aider les clients à identifier les cibles de travail EMDR lorsque la personne se présente avec un problématique généralisée ou des enjeux « non-traumatiques » par exemple, certains associés à l’estime personnel, l’affirmation de soi, les habiletés relationnelles pour lesquelles des événements traumatiques « petits-t » où les liens ou expériences à cibler ne sont pas facilement identifiables. Cet atelier à pour objectif de permettre aux cliniciens à mieux aider leur clients à préciser d’avantage les enjeux et les cibles de travail potentielles avec l’EMDR; ainsi que de faciliter à ce que le client puisse, à partir de la problématique, de la cible et de l’image, mieux trouver les cognitions/croyances négatives activées. Dans ce processus, on vise aussi à accentuer l’importance de la phase 1 (l’histoire de la personne). Également, l’atelier se penchera sur l’importance de bien identifier/cerner la croyance négative sous-jacente au moment d’amorcer le travail avec les cibles identifiées, afin de maximiser les effets du retraitement et de favoriser la généralisation. À travers des présentations didactiques, des vignettes cliniques et des exercices de groupes, les participant(e)s pourront développer des stratégies pour mieux conceptualiser les plans de traitement EMDR avec ces types de problématiques. Également, les cliniciens seront amenés à réfléchir sur les thèmes des enjeux travaillés et leurs liens avec les cognitions négatives identifiées, sous les thèmes de responsabilité, sécurité et choix personnel. (Tous les niveaux)

It can sometimes be a challenge for EMDR therapists to help clients identify targets EMDR work when the person presents with a widespread issue or issues "non-traumatic" for example, some associated with the estimated personnel, assertiveness, interpersonal skills for which the traumatic events "small-t" which links or targeting experiments are not easily identifiable. This workshop aims to enable clinicians to better help their clients to clarify issues and benefit the target potential working with EMDR, as well as to facilitate the client can, using the issue of and the target image, find the best cognitions / beliefs turned negative. In this process, it also aims to highlight the importance of phase one (the story of the person). Also, the workshop will focus on the importance of identifying / understanding the underlying negative belief at the time to begin work with the targets identified in order to maximize the effects of reprocessing and to promote generalization. Through didactic presentations, clinical vignettes and group exercises, the participant (s) will develop strategies to better conceptualize the EMDR treatment plans with these types of issues. Also, clinicians will need to reflect on themes and issues worked their links with negative cognitions

Keywords: Target

Accuracy Verified: Yes

245. Veeninga, A., & Hafkenscheid, A. (2005, December). De plaats van EMDR in debehandeling van posttraumatische stressstoornis [EMDR in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder]. Gedragstherapie, 38(4), 275-284.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In korte tijd heeft bereikt, EMDR enorme populariteit als de behandeling van keuze voor posttraumatische stress-stoornissen, zelfs in afwezigheid van een wetenschappelijk geldige theorie over de werkingsmechanismen. Advocaten vaak vet maken claims met betrekking tot effectiviteit. Ze suggereren dat EMDR is vrij eenvoudig uit te voeren om, en dat EMDR weinig last voor de patiënt heeft. Er is enig bewijs dat EMDR is zo effectief als cognitieve gedragstherapie in de behandeling van PTSS. Echter, de hoge verwachtingen met betrekking tot effectiviteit zijn nog niet bevestigd. Als de 'EMDR beweging' beweert dat de status van een officieel en wetenschappelijk gevalideerde psychotherapeutische methode, is onderzoek nodig dat zich kan identificeren met de specifieke effecten van de procedure ten opzichte van de niet-specifieke effecten van psychotherapie.

In short time EMDR has achieved enormous popularity as the treatment of choice for posttraumatic stress disorders, even in absence of a scientifically valid theory on its working mechanisms. Advocates frequently make bold claims regarding effectiveness. They suggest that EMDR is rather simple to perform, and that EMDR has little burden for the patient. There is some evidence that EMDR is as effective as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in the treatment of PTSD. However, high levels of expectation with regard to effectiveness are not yet confirmed. If the ‘EMDR movement’ claims the status of an official and scientifically validated psychotherapeutic method, research is needed that can identify the specific effects of the procedure relative to the non-specific effects of psychotherapy.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Techniques PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

246. Knipscheer, J., van Middendorp, H., & Kleber, R. (2011, August). De rol van cultuur in het omgaan met psychotrauma [The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 125-131. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0026-4.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma In this paper, the theme of the special issue on Culture and Trauma is introduced. In both empirically oriented articles as well as theoretical and contemplative contributions, the role of culture and migration context in the development of psychological problems following trauma, culture-specific or generic coping with the consequences, help-seeking behavior, and the need for culturally sensitive treatment is explored. First, the influence of the migration context is considered with regard to the possible sickening role of the asylum procedure, the burden for immigrant women who have undergone female genital mutilation and now live in a society that seriously condemns it, and the dilemma of Islamic migrants who experience homosexual feelings while living in a secularized society. Following are some contributions on cultural diversity in the expression of trauma symptoms, like somatization among refugees and the articulation of rage and embitterment among labor migrants. The impact of trauma in combination with migration on families and how children can be affected by the traumatization of their parents is the topic of two contributions in which the role of the (extended) family is explored and a contextual approach to working with families with trauma-related symptoms (a mentalization based multifamily therapy) is described. The factors that impede therapyseeking behaviour and drop-out are discussed in a study on Moroccan or Turkish girls who were raped. Finally, the applicability and efficacy of evidence-based interventions for treating ethnic minority patients with posttraumatic stress disorder is illustrated by a study on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing with refugees and an article on specific elements of intercultural trauma therapy that appear to be culturally sensitive.

Keywords: Asylum Procedure Cultural Diversity Culture Ethnic Minority Patients Female Genital Homosexuality Islamic Migrants Mentalization-Based Multi-Family Therapy Mutilation Migration Context Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotrauma Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

247. van Arkel, E. P. M., & Baas, A. M. (2008, Juni). De rol van het op afstand beleven en het herbeleven in eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) [The role of the remote experience and relive in eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Dit onderzoek was voor ons zowel een eerste kennismaking met Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) als een eerste kennismaking met het klinische werkveld. Naast het leerzame traject van het onderzoek zelf, waren deze aspecten een speciale aanvulling op onze scriptie. Wij hebben dan ook met veel enthousiasme aan deze scriptie gewerkt en ons op verschillende gebieden breder ontwikkeld. Wij zijn voornamelijk blij dat wij „op de valreep van onze studie‟ nog kennis hebben mogen maken met de behandelmethode EMDR. Het is een behandelmethode die wij in onze verdere loopbaan binnen de psychologie zeker mee zullen nemen. Onze dank gaat uit naar de therapeuten en cliënten die mee wilden werken aan dit onderzoek. Zonder deze medewerking was dit onderzoek immers niet tot stand gekomen! Daarnaast willen wij graag onze begeleidster mw. dr. H.K. Hornsveld bedanken voor het overbrengen van haar enthousiasme voor EMDR en al haar op- en aanmerkingen op ons onderzoek. Mede dankzij haar is dit onderzoek goed afgerond en is ons enthousiasme gegroeid.

This study gave us both a first encounter with Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a first introduction to the clinical field. Besides the educational process of research itself, these issues were a special addition to our thesis. We also have enthusiastically worked on this paper and our wider development in various fields. We are especially pleased that we are "at the very end of our study" may even be familiar with the EMDR treatment method. It is a treatment that in our careers in psychology will certainly take it. Our thanks go to the therapists and clients who wanted participate in this study. Without this cooperation, this research was not realized! In addition, we want our companion mw. Dr. H.K. Hornsveld thanks for transferring her enthusiasm for EMDR and all her observations and comments on our research. Partly thanks to her that this study is well rounded and our enthusiasm grew.

Keywords: Desensitization, Distancing Reliving Vividness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

248. Oppenheim, H.-J. (2005, November). De som der delen: EMDR bij de behandeling van een vrouw met DIS [The sum of its parts: EMDR to treat a woman with DIS]. Presentatie op het Eerste Congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Er zijn, zover bekend, zeven artikelen verschenen over de toepassing van EMDR bij DIS. Young (1994) beschrijft de toepassing van EMDR gericht op de fobische symptomen bij DIS. Paulsen (1995) komt met een theoretisch model gebaseerd op neuronale netwerken voor de dissociatieve stoornissen. Volgens Paulsen zorgt EMDR voor de her-associatie van het gedisscocieerde materiaal. Zij maant echter tot behoedzaam gebruik van EMDR, zeker bij de ernstige dissociatieve stoornissen. Anderen maken melding dat, vaak aangepaste versies van, EMDR zinvol kan zijn als een beperkte toegevoegde techniek in de behandeling van DIS (Lazrove & Fine, 1996; Chemtob, Tolin, Van Der Kolk, & Pitnam, 2000; Twombly, 2000; Fine & Berkowitz, 2001). Gelinas (2003) gaat nog verder en stelt een behandeling voor waarin een gemodificeerde vorm van van EMDR wordt gecombineerd met een ‘fase georiënteerde trauma behandeling’.
In deze presentatie staat de behandeling van een 44 jarige, zeer ernstig getraumatiseerde vrouw met DIS centraal. Zij volgt sinds eind 1997 een cognitief-gedragstherapeutische therapie. In september 2004 is er gestart met EMDR. Mede aan de hand van videofragmenten wordt het half jaar durende verwerkingsproces verteld, van één van de vele trauma’s die de cliënte heeft meegemaakt. Te zien valt onder meer hoe met behulp van EMDR specifieke informatie van de diverse alters zodanig geïntegreerd wordt, dat volledige verwerking mogelijk blijkt te zijn. Er zal aandacht besteed worden aan de specifieke wijze waarop bij deze behandeling met EMDR moest worden omgegaan.

There are known to be seven articles about the use of EMDR in DIS. Young (1994) describes the application of EMDR focused on phobic symptoms in DIS. Paulsen (1995) with a theoretical model based on neural networks for the dissociative disorders. According to Paulsen EMDR allows for the re-association of the gedisscocieerde material. It urges, however, to cautious use of EMDR, especially in severe dissociative disorders. Others have reported that, often modified versions of, EMDR can be useful as a limited added technique in the treatment of CIS (Lazrove & Fine, 1996; Chemtob, Tolin, Van Der Kolk, & Pitnam, 2000, Twombly, 2000, Fine & Berkowitz, 2001). Gelinas (2003) goes further and proposes a treatment for which a modified form of EMDR is combined with a phase-oriented trauma treatment.
In this presentation, the treatment of a 44 year old woman with very severely traumatized central CIS. It follows since the end of 1997 a cognitive-behavioral therapy. In September 2004 has started with EMDR. Partly on the basis of video clips, the half-year process told by one of the many traumas that the client has experienced. Is to see how including using EMDR specific information from the various alters so integrated that complete processing proves impossible. Attention will be paid to the specific manner in which this treatment with EMDR should be handled.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

249. Struik, A. (2010, April). De zes testen, een stabilisatie methode voor chronisch getraumatiseerde en dissociatieve kinderen [The six tests, a stabilization method for chronically traumatized children and dissociative]. Presentatie Aan de Vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
De zes testen, een stabilisatie methode voor chronisch getraumatiseerde en dissociatieve kinderen. De stabilisatie en behandeling van deze kinderen kan gecompliceerd zijn. Vanzelfsprekend is het creëren van een veilige omgeving en een hechtingsfiguur een eerste stap. Maar wat dan? Deze kinderen functioneren soms ogenschijnlijk goed. Hun vermijdingsstrategieën zijn effectief en ze weigeren om over het trauma te praten of zeggen dat ze het vergeten zijn. Ze hebben er geen last meer van. Maar de verleiding van de therapeut om dan geen slapende honden wakker te maken is een gevaarlijke. Want onder deze ogenschijnlijk goed functionerende buitenkant, zit een constant alert, angstig en eenzaam kind. Dit kind kan zich niet hechten en dit gebrek aan veilige hechting is verwoestend voor de ontwikkeling. Dit wordt echter vaak alleen zichtbaar door er expliciet naar te zoeken. In deze presentatie zal ik ‘De zes testen’ demonstreren, een stabilisatie methode voor kinderen en een bewerking van de drie testen (Spierings, 2008). De zes testen helpen de therapeut om te beslissen of een kind verdere stabilisatie nodig heeft en hoe dat te bereiken, voordat met EMDR gestart kan worden. Aan de hand van casuïstiek wordt dit proces en het gebruik van stabilisatietechnieken gedemonstreerd. De kinderen moeten technieken leren om emoties te reguleren en stress te verminderen. Dan wordt het hechtingssysteem geactiveerd, zodat ze stress kunnen reguleren door steun te zoeken. Zo vermindert de noodzaak tot dissociatie. Door problemen die het kind ervaart te koppelen aan ervaringen in het verleden wordt het kind gemotiveerd om naar de trauma’s te kijken en met EMDR te starten. Dan worden nog aanpassingen in het EMDR protocol besproken voor dissociatieve kinderen om ze in het desensitisatie proces te houden en wordt besproken hoe EMDR kan worden geïntegreerd in een gefaseerde behandeling. Spierings, J. (2008). Stabilisatie, een gestructureerd programma voor taxatie en interventie. In: Ten Broeke, E. De Jongh, A., & Oppenheim, H. Praktijkboek EMDR. Amsterdam: Harcourt

The six tests, a stabilization method for chronically traumatized and dissociative children. The stabilization and treatment of these children can be complicated. Obviously, creating a safe environment and an attachment figure is a first step. But what then? These children sometimes seem to function properly. Their avoidance strategies are effective and they refuse to talk about the trauma or say they are forgotten. They have no more trouble. But the seduction of the therapist and then to wake sleeping dogs is dangerous. For among these seemingly well-functioning exterior, is a constant alert, anxious and lonely child. This child can not attach and the lack of secure attachment is devastating for the development. This is often visible only by explicitly to search. In this presentation I will "The six tests" demonstrate a stabilization method for children and an adaptation of the three tests (Spierings, 2008). The six tests help the therapist to decide whether a child needs further stabilization and how to reach before EMDR can be started. Using case studies this process and the use of stabilization techniques are demonstrated. The children must learn techniques to regulate emotions and reduce stress. Then the attachment system is activated, so they can be regulated by stress to seek support. Thus reduces the need for dissociation. Due to problems experienced by the child to link past experience the child is motivated to look at the trauma and EMDR to start. Then further adjustments to the EMDR protocol for dissociative children to discuss them in the desensitization process and discusses how to keep EMDR can be integrated into a phased treatment. Spierings J. (2008). Stabilization, a structured program of assessment and intervention. In: Ten Broeke, E. De Jongh, A., & Oppenheim, H. EMDR Practice Book. Amsterdam: Harcourt

Keywords: Children Dissociation Six Tests Stabilization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

250. Worthington, R. (2012, April). Dealing with trauma as an intervention for aggression: A review of approaches and the value of reprocessing. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 4(2), 108-118. doi:10.1108/17596591211208319.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of trauma with specific consideration to the neurological impact this has on information processing and potential links with aggression. Design/methodology/approach - This paper provides a summary of the literature in relation to theories of aggression and trauma. The paper considers how the two may interact and overlap and considers a theoretical rationale for why addressing trauma through a treatment such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) may assist to reduce aggression. Findings - The paper argues that the experience of trauma may contribute to inputs which may take a person closer towards engaging in aggression. This is consistent with information processing models and unified models of aggression such as the General Aggression Model. Factors that were specifically identified included physiological hyper-arousal, hostile attributions of stimulus, and neurological impairments. In addition, the paper also argued that there is evidence that as a result of trauma, a person's ability to provide cognitive accounts for the function of their behaviour may also be impaired because of the reduced interactivity between the two prefrontal hemispheres. Research limitations/implications - The paper argues that as a result, interventions designed to reduce aggression may benefit from including additional elements which directly assist clients to process emotional information and that a reprocessing treatment such as EMDR could assist to reduce levels of emotional arousal and improve treatment effectiveness. Differences in the way in which EMDR is carried out and the variances in treatment protocols used should be attended to increase the reliability of future research. Originality/value - Current modes of aggression therapy have focused on exposure based and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). However, there is evidence that EMDR has benefits over exposure and CBT approaches because of the way in which cognitive verbal accounts of the trauma are not required and because EMDR does not require the individual to have insight into their trauma experience and the link with aggression.

Keywords: Aggression Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

251. Berendsen, S. & de Jongh, A. (2006, November). Debriefing of EMDR: Praten en afwachten, of verwerking versnellen? [Debriefing and EMDR: Talking and wait, or processing speed?]. Presentatie aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Netherland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In de afgelopen 20 jaar is het aanvankelijke enthousiasme over debriefing en andere vormen van opvang na schokkende gebeurtenissen onder invloed van wisselende onderzoeksresultaten behoorlijk getemperd doordat de effectiviteit steeds meer ter discussie kwam te staan. De inleiders zullen een overzicht geven van de verschillende vormen van vroege hulp na schokkende gebeurtenissen en uiteenzetten hoe men hierbij geconfronteerd werd met het volgende dilemma: • Aan de ene kant mogen interventies het natuurlijke verwerkingsproces niet belemmeren. Zo kan het stimuleren van slachtoffers om direct over hun gedachten en gevoelens te praten conform het CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) model van Mitchell (1983) het risico vergroten dat zij overweldigd worden door de ervaring, hetgeen contraproductief kan werken. Omdat de meeste mensen (70 à 80 %) op eigen kracht herstellen raden de invloedrijke NICE richtlijnen uit 2005 ‘watchfull waiting’ aan: het monitoren van het beloop van de posttraumatische stressreacties bij slachtoffers en het therapeutisch interveniëren wanneer een diagnosticeerbare stoornis tot ontwikkeling komt. • Aan de andere kant zal zo vroeg mogelijk hulp geboden moeten worden aan zogenaamde ‘hoog-risico’ slachtoffers: dit zijn mensen waarvan direct duidelijk is dat ze niet zo maar op eigen kracht zullen herstellen. Vroege hulp is erop gericht om het lijden te bekorten en de ontwikkeling van secundaire problemen te voorkomen (zoals werkverzuim c.q.-verlies, relatieproblemen en middelenmisbruik). De inleiders stellen dat niet afgewacht moet worden totdat na 4 weken een PTSS gediagnosticeerd kan worden en dan pas therapeutisch te interveniëren. Bediscussieerd zal worden hoe vroeg na een schokkende gebeurtenis (enkele dagen tot weken) bij indringende herbelevingen (nare beelden met hoge SUD nivo’s) EMDR effectief ingezet kan worden (dit zal geïllustreerd worden met casuïstiek en videobeelden). Het doel is om bij de ‘laag risico’ mensen het natuurlijke verwerkingsproces te versnellen en bij de ‘hoog risico’ mensen een verwerkingstoornis te voorkomen.

Over the past 20 years, the initial enthusiasm for debriefing and other forms of relief after shocking events under the influence of changing research properly tempered by the effectiveness is increasingly being called on them. The speakers will give an overview of the various forms of early support after traumatic events and explain how this was confronted with the following dilemma: • On the one hand, the interventions do not impede natural process. Thus, encouraging victims to direct their thoughts and feelings to talk according to the CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) model of Mitchell (1983) increase the risk that they are overwhelmed by the experience, which is counter-productive work. Because most people (70 to 80%) on its own restore suggest the influential NICE guidelines 2005 'watchful waiting' to: monitoring the course of posttraumatic stress reactions in victims and therapeutic intervention when a diagnosable disorder develops. • On the other hand, as early as possible should be offered help in so-called high-risk victims, these are people whose right it is clear that not just on their own recovery. Early help is designed to minimize suffering and to the development of secondary problems occur (such as absenteeism or loss, relationship problems and substance abuse). The speakers that should not wait until 4 weeks after a diagnosis of PTSD can be and then therapeutic intervention. Discussed will be how soon after a shocking event (several days to weeks) in penetrating reliving (unpleasant images with high levels SUD's) EMDR can be used effectively (this will be illustrated with case studies and video). The goal is to "low risk" people's natural process to speed up and at 'high risk' people to avoid a processing disorder.

Keywords: Debriefing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

252. Efran, J., Lukens, M., & Greene, M. (2007, March-April). Defining psychotherapy: The last 25 years have taught us that it's neither art nor science. Psychotherapy Networker, 31(2), 40-47, 52-55, 66.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Despite attempts to distinguish between hype and clinical zealotry from reliable science in psychotherapy, there's still no compelling evidence that therapists are achieving better outcomes today than they did 25 years ago. The 25th anniversary of the Psychotherapy Networker offers an opportunity to ponder the cavalcade of developments in this field over the past several decades and examine the efforts to establish the scientific foundations of psychotherapy.

Keywords: Psychotherapy History Psychotherapy Networker History

Accuracy Verified: Yes

253. Groenendijk, M. (2012, June). A demonstration of EMDR in the second phase of trauma-treatment of DID [Una demostración de EMDR en segunda fase del tratamiento de Trastorno de identidad disociativo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is about the application of EMDR in the treatment of secondary and tertiary structural dissociation with survivors of early chronic traumatization. The succeeding of the EMDR sessions in the treatment of DID, depends mainly on the appropriate indication and a thorough preparation. How to do this in clinical practice, will be pointed out in this presentation. What follows is an explanation of the process (and the essential elements in it) of the integration of traumatic memories and this process will be demonstrated by a dvd of Maria, an woman with DID. We can select and analyze particular scenes, depending on the requests from the audience. For example scenes about confirming positions of ANP's and EP's at the beginning of the session, attacking the NC by the self-‐destructive part, guiding reliving experiences, presentification, coping with anger, differentiating between the past and the present, personification, preventing the flight-‐reaction, coping with transference and facilitate internal cooperation. After reporting on the outcome of this therapy, the conclusion will be that EMDR can be effective for dissociative patients if several specific criteria are met. These criteria are about conceptualization according to the model of structural dissociation, about indication, timing and preparation of the sessions, about adaptations in the EMDR-‐protocol and about integration of EMDR in the broader phase-‐oriented treatment of DID.

Este taller trata la aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento de disociaciones estructurales secundarias y terciarias con supervivientes de la traumatización crónica temprana. El éxito de la sesiones de EMDR en el tratamiento de Trastornos de identidad disociativo, depende principalmente de unas instrucciones apropiadas y una dura preparación. Como hacer esto en la práctica clínica será el tema de esta presentación. Continuaremos con una explicación del proceso (y los elementos esenciales dentro de este) de la integración de los recuerdos traumáticos y este proceso será demostrado en el DVD de María, una mujer con trastorno de identidad disociativos. Podemos señalar y analizar escenas particulares, dependiendo de las peticiones que hagan los participantes a la presentación. Por ejemplo, escenas acerca de la confirmación de posiciones de ANP y EP al principio de la sesión, atacando al NC por la parte autodestructiva del yo, guiando y reviviendo experiencias, atención al presente, gestionar la ira, diferenciar entre pasado y presente, personificación, prevenir la evitación, afrontar la transferencia y facilitar la cooperación interna Después de informar acerca de los resultados de la terapia, la conclusión es que el EMDR puede ser efectivo para pacientes disociados si cumplen muchos requisitos previos. Este criterio es sobre la conceptualización de acuerdo con el modelo estructural de disociación, sobre la indicación, temporalización y preparación de las sesiones, sobre las adaptaciones del protocolo del EMDR y la integración del mismo en un tratamiento más amplio en fases del tratamiento del Trastorno de Identidad Disociativo.

Keywords: DID Dissociative Identity Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

254. Torres, R. V. (2012, Novembro). Depressão por parto na adoção: A cura pelo EMDR [Partum depression after adoption: The EMDR cure]. In Casos Clínicos I. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um caso clínico, de uma paciente de 46 anos, no período de adaptação da adoção de uma criança de cinco anos. As dificuldades apresentadas inicialmente eram relacionadas: à vinculação afetiva materna, ao exercício dos cuidados físicos e afetivos com a criança, ao exercício e à percepção do papel materno, aliados a fortes sintomas somáticos. Com a existência de grande desejo de ser mãe, há 15 anos fazia tratamento para engravidar. A adoção não representava um tabu para a mesma. No entanto, a infância vinha à tona com frequência e representava grande parte de seu sofrimento: sua mãe estava com 46 anos quando de seu nascimento e, desde então, fora acometida de enfermidades por toda sua vida, impedindo a realização de cuidados físicos e afetivos para com ela. Foram realizadas 20 sessões de EMDR e as experiências traumáticas da relação mãe x filha, bem como os medos de repetir a história passada, foram processados a uma resolução adaptativa, que permitiram a assimilação de suas lembranças passadas e a incorporação de padrões para experiências positivas, possibilitando a oportunidade de ampliar conexões com redes positivas. As memórias armazenadas que serviam de base para percepção, atitudes e comportamentos foram reprocessadas e, com isso, os sintomas físicos foram extintos, de maneira a permitir que a paciente assumisse uma nova postura frente à maternidade. A percepção sobre sua mãe foi alterada e conseguiu trazer à tona bons momentos de sua infância com a mãe. Também foi reprocessada uma situação relacionada ao perdão mútuo. A paciente hoje vive o processo de maternidade forma saudável e feliz, e 04 meses após o encerramento das sessões, adotou um menino de 03 meses de vida, sem que os sintomas reaparecessem.

This paper aims to present a clinical case of a patient of 46 years in the adjustment period from the adoption of a child of five. Difficulties were initially related: the linking maternal affection, exercise and physical care of the child with affection, exercise and perception of the maternal role, coupled with strong somatic symptoms. With the existence of a great desire to be a mother 15 years ago was receiving treatment for getting pregnant. The adoption did not represent a taboo for the same. However, childhood came to the fore and often represented a large part of his suffering: his mother was 46 years old when his birth and has since been stricken with illness throughout his life, preventing the achievement of physical and emotional care to her. Were performed 20 sessions of EMDR and traumatic experiences of the mother x daughter, as well as fears of repeating past history, were processed to an adaptive resolution, which allowed the assimilation of their past memories and incorporation of standards for positive experiences, allowing the opportunity to expand connections with positive networks. The stored memories that served as the basis for perception, attitudes and behaviors were reprocessed and, therefore, the physical symptoms were abolished, so as to allow the patient to assume a new stance facing the motherhood. The perception has changed about his mother and managed to bring out good moments of his childhood with his mother. It was also reprocessed a situation related to mutual forgiveness. The patient now lives the process of motherhood healthy and happy, and 04 months after the close of the session, adopted a boy of 03 months, without symptoms reappeared.

Keywords: Adoption Motherhood Postpartum Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

255. Velozo, S. A. C. (2010, Noviembre). Desarrollo y procedimiento del método psicoterapéutico llamado E.M.D.R (Desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimiento ocular) con pacientes que sufren trastorno por estrés postraumático [Procedure development and method of psychotherapy called EMDR (eye movement desentization and reprocessing) with patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder]. Universidad Bolivariana, Escuela de Psicologia, Santiago, Chile.

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
El siguiente trabajo consta de una revision bibliografica sobre el modelo psicoterapeutico llamado E.M.D.R (Desensibilizacion y Reprocesamiento por Movimiento Ocular), utilizado en patalogias psiquicas que se originan por una vivencia traumatica, esta tecnica es vilidada cientificamente y enfatiza el Sistema de Procesaiento de Informacion intrinseco del cerebro y como son almacenadas las memorias. Se identifica el problema especifico que sera el foco del tratamiento. Mediante un protocol estructuado, la informacion que estaba atrapada y aislada en la neuro-red en la que habia sido almacenada en su forma originalmente perturbadora, es procesada y desensibilizada transformandose en algo util, functional y libre de conflict. Es un metodo psicopterapeutico innovador que accelera el tratamiento en un amplio rango de patalogias de origen psicologico, como le es el Trastorno por Estres Postraumatico. Parte por una breve resena historica del concepto de truma psiquico, descripcion del cuadro de sintomas del trastorno de ester postraumatico y una revision bibliografica sobre el modelo teorico en el que se inserta principios y procedimiento de la terapia EMDR. Por ello se presentan las fases del procedimiento, que son: 1. Historica clinica y plan de tratamiento, 2. Preparacion, 3 Evaluacion/D.I.C. E.S., 4. Desensibilizacion, 5. Instalacion de la creencia positive, 6. Chequeo corporal – Escaner corporal, 7. Cierre – Conclusion, and 8. Reevaluacion/Seguimiento. Finalmente se hara una docil comparacion con las terapias del modelo convencional en base a la triada do los sintomas del Trastorno por Estres Postraumatico, vale decir: rexpermentacion, evitacion e hiperactivacion.

The following work consists of a literature review on the psychotherapeutic model called EMDR (Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement), used in psychic patalogias that are caused by a traumatic experience, this technique is scientifically and emphasizes vilidada System Information Procesaiento intrinsic brain and how memories are stored. It identifies the specific problem will be the focus of treatment. Using a structured protocol, information that was trapped and isolated in the neuro-network that had been stored as originally disturbing is processed and transformed into something useful desensitized, functional and free of conflict. It is an innovative method accelerates psicopterapeutico treatment in a wide range of psychological origin patalogias, as he is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Party by a brief history of the concept of psychic Truma, description of box ester disorder symptoms and posttraumatic literature review on the theoretical model that is inserted in the principles and procedure of EMDR therapy. So are procedural steps which are: 1. Historical clinical and treatment plan, 2. Preparation, 3 Evaluation / D.I.C. E.S., 4. Desensitization, 5. Installation of positive belief, 6. Check body - body scanner, 7. Close - Conclusion, and 8. Reassessment / Follow-up. Finally there will be a docile compared to the conventional therapies based on the triad do the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, namely: rexpermentacion, avoidance and hyperarousal.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

256. Marcela, L., & Lemus, G. (2008, December). Desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 37(Supplement 7). .

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introducción: La técnica de desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares (EMDR, por sus iniciales en inglés) es un método terapéutico relativamente reciente que ha mostrado efi cacia en el tratamiento de diferentes entidades psiquiátricas y somáticas. Se postula que sus resultados se logran a través de cambios en el proceso de almacenamiento de recuerdos y en las respuestas físicas y emocionales relacionadas. Objetivo: Describir las características principales de la EMDR y sus aplicaciones. Método: Revisión de la literatura. Desarrollo y conclusiones: La EMDR es una técnica útil para el tratamiento de una gran variedad de trastornos psiquiátricos y somáticos. Se han descrito algunas reacciones adversas, lo cual resalta la importancia de elegir adecuadamente los pacientes candidatos a ser tratados con esta terapia.

Introduction: The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing technique (EMDR) is a relatively new treatment method that has shown to be effective in treating different psychiatric and somatic entities. It is postulated that its results are achieved through changes in the process of memory storing and in the related physical and emotional responses. Objective: To describe the main characteristics of EMDR and its applications. Method: Literature review. Development and conclusions: EMDR is a useful technique in the treatment of a large series of psychiatric and somatic disorders. Some adverse reactions have been described and this stresses the importance of selecting adequately those patients to be treated with this therapy.

Keywords: Desensitization Eye Movement Psychiatric Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

257. Shapiro, F. (2009). Desensibilizacion y reprocesamiento por medio de movimiento ocular (EMDR) [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Pax Mexico L.C.C.S.A.

Language: Spanish

Format: Book

Abstract:
En tan solo unos cuantos años, el modo EMDR se ha convertido en el tratamiento más elaborado para el desorden de estrés postraumático (entre otras perturbaciones). El método EMDR es un tratamiento legítimo y poderoso. Modelo integral y eficiente en el tratamiento de experiencias perturbadoras, el método EMDR incorpora diversos aspectos de terapias sistémicas, psicodinámicas, experienciales, conductuales y corporales. Consiste en ocho fases que comprenden el uso de movimientos oculares y otras formas de estimulación izquierda-derecha. Es eficaz para tratar el desorden de estrés postraumático y reprocesar pensamientos y recuerdos perturbadores o problemas psicológicos de sobrevivientes de traumas, de abuso sexual, de crímenes, de combate bélico, así como de fobias y desórdenes causados por experiencias vivenciales y proporciona en poco tiempo efectos clínicos profundos y estables. Con descripciones y transcripciones detalladas, la autora guía al clínico por cada etapa del tratamiento terapéutico, desde la selección de los clientes hasta la aplicación del método y su integración dentro de un plan integral de tratamiento clínico. Escrito de manera accesible, este libro es una guía invaluable tanto para los clínicos experimentados en el tratamiento EMDR como para las personas que acaban de conocer el método, y para los estudiantes avanzados de psicología clínica y psicoterapia.

In just a few years, modeEMDR has become more elaborate treatment for PTSD (among other disturbances) clutter. The methodEMDR is a legitimate and powerful treatment. Comprehensive and efficient model in the treatment of disturbing experiences, the methodEMDR incorporates aspects of systemic therapies, psychodynamic, experienciales, behavioural and body. Consists of eight phases comprising the use of eye movements and other forms of left-right stimulation. It is effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and re-processing thoughts and disturbing memories or psychological problems of survivors of trauma, sexual abuse, of crimes, war combat, as well as phobias and disorders caused by vivenciales experiences and provides deep and stable clinical effects in a short time. With descriptions and detailed transcripts, the author guides the clinical through every stage of therapeutic, treatment from clients to the implementation of the method and their integration within a comprehensive clinical treatment plan selection. Written in an accessible manner, this book is an invaluable guide for clinicians in the treatmentEMDR as for people just know the method and for advanced students of clinical psychology and psychotherapy.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: No

258. Alblas, E. E. (2012). Desensitisation and facilitation of memory after eye movements: An effort to solve an apparent contradiction. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) is a disorder characterized by frequent vivid memories of a traumatic event. A current effective treatment for PTSD is Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing treatment (EMDR). A model to explain the desensitizing effects by eye movements is the dual task hypothesis of working memory (WM). This posits that eye movements as second task exceed WM capacity, thus blurring subsequent reconsolidation of the (traumatic) memory. Eye movements prior to recall however have also been observed to facilitate memory. This thesis reviews several models to analyse whether the conflicting findings could result from one underlying process, or whether procedural differences in study design are likely to generate the opposing effects.

Keywords: Memory Desensitization Memory Facilitation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

259. Bae, H., & Daeho, K. (2012). Desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing for an adolescent with internet addiction disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 73-81. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.73.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study reports the successful treatment of Internet addiction in a 13- year-old male using four 45-minute sessions of the desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing (DeTUR) protocol—an addiction protocol of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; Popky, 2005). This protocol uses EMDR procedures to process current triggers and positive future templates, but it does not identify or directly address any past trauma. At baseline, the participant showed a moderate level of Internet addiction (scoring 75 on Young’s Internet Addiction Test [IAT]) and moderate depression (26 on the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]). During assessment, he identified 7 triggers for Internet gaming and rated the associated urge to engage in the activity with scores of 3–9 on the level of urge scale (0 5 lowest, 10 5 strongest). Using the DeTUR protocol, the level of urge for each trigger was reduced to 2, which the participants defined as “not being able to think about or crave for the game.” After treatment, his symptoms had declined to nonclinical levels (38 on IAT and 6 on BDI) and he was able to restrict his time on the Internet to an hour per day. These therapeutic gains were maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-up. The DeTUR may be a good treatment option for Internet addiction and further controlled studies are needed.

Keywords: Adolescents DeTUR Game Addiction Internet Addiction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

260. Softic, R, & Becirovic, E, (2009, Septembra). Desenzitizacija pokretima ociju i reprocesiranje (EMDR): Kada su rijeci nemocne [Desensitization of eye movements and reprocessing (EMDR): When words are disabled]. Prvi Psihoterapijski Simpozijum Bosne I Hercegovine Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Language: Serbian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Neki ljudi doţive traumatska stanja koja ne mogu u potpunosti opisati rijeĉima. Mnogi od njih nikada ni ne progovore o tome što su doţivjeli. Ali patnja se u njima nastavlja i organizam, a ĉesto i okolina plaćaju ogromnu cijenu. U takvim sluĉajevima psihoterapija koja koristi rijeĉi je nemoćna. Istraţivanja upućuju da jedna, relativno nova psihoterapijska metoda desenzitizacija pokretima oĉiju i reprocesiranje (EMDR), moţe pomoći i takvim osobama. Kada neko iskusi ozbiljnu psihološku traumu, ĉini se da dolazi do narušavanja ravnoteţe u nervnom sistemu. Ta ravnoteţa je, moguće, narušena i posredstvom razliĉitih medijatora poput adrenalina, serotonina, dopamina, kortizola itd. Zbog takve neravnoteţe onemogućeno je optimalno funkcioniranje sistema za procesiranje informacija, a informacije vezane uz traumatiĉan dogaĊaj poput slika, zvukova, afekata i fiziĉkih senzacija se zadrţavaju u disfunkcionalnom, uznemirujućem obliku. Danas izranja shvatanje da postoji неуролошки balans u razliĉitim fiziološkim sistemima što omogućuje da informacije budu procesirane na adaptivan naĉin. EMDR kod nekih traumatiziranih djeluje ĉak i kada osoba ne moţe govoriti o tome što je preţivjela. Ono što je bitno jeste da se fokusira na traumatski dogaĊaj i da suraĊuje sa terapeutom u procesu stimulisanja dualne paţnje što omogućava adaptivno procesiranje informacija. Adaptivno procesiranje znaĉi uspostavljanje adekvatnih asocijacija i pojavu da iskustvo biva konstruktivno ugraĊeno u pozitivne kognitivne i emocionalne sheme pojedinca. Odnosno, oslobaĊa od simptoma i omogućava da se nova iskustva doţive bez blokirajućeg uticaja traume.

Some people doţive traumatic conditions that can not fully describe in words. Many of them never to speak of it as doţivjeli. But the suffering in them continues and the body, and environment, and often pay a huge price. In such cases psychotherapy that uses words of the powerless. Research suggests that a relatively new psychotherapeutic methods desensitization and reprocessing eye movement (EMDR), and can help such people. When someone has experienced serious psychological trauma, it seems that there is a violation of equilibrium in the nervous system. This equilibrium is possible, and disrupted through a variety of mediators such as adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, cortisol, etc.. Because of such imbalance prevented the optimal functioning of the system for information processing and information related to traumatic an event such as images, sounds, physical sensations and affects it retains in the dysfunctional, disturbing form. It emerges that there is understanding of neurological balance in different physiological systems, which allows information to be processed on adaptive manner. EMDR works by some traumatized even when the person can not talk about what is preţivjela. What is important is to focus on the traumatic events and to co-operate with the therapist in the process of stimulating the attention of the dual provides adaptive information processing. Adaptive processing means getting the right associations and the emergence of the experience of being a built-in positive constructive cognitive and emotional schemas of the individual. That is, oslobaĊa of symptoms and allows for new experiences doţive without blocking effects of trauma.

Keywords: Doţ ivjeli Preţ ivjela

Accuracy Verified: Yes

261. Popky, A. J. (2005). DeTUR, an urge reduction protocol for addictions and dysfunctional behaviors. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 167-188). New York: W W Norton & Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing (DeTUR) model and the theories involved are based on experience from personal client observation and anecdotal reports received from other therapists using this same protocol. It is an eclectic model and combines many methodologies, including but not limited to cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused, Ericksonian hypnosis, narrative, object relations, and emotional freedom techniques (EFT), to name a few. The bilateral stimulation (BLS) in the accelerated information processing model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) seems to form the catalyst for rapid processing and change, the turbocharger that speeds the healing process.This protocol represents only a small part of a complete treatment model. The therapist's role is that of a case manager, orchestrating any resources necessary to aid the patient through recovery and relapse to a successful and healthy state of functioning and coping. The therapist has to assess the severity of the addiction and also determine any other diagnosis associated with the case. This overall treatment model includes outside help, such as referrals for medication, testing for physical or neurological problems, and, depending on the situation, inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, or detox. Other outside resources include support systems, such as 12-step groups, educational programs, skills training; couples, group, or family therapy; or acupuncture. Comorbidity issues, day-to-day stressors, and survival issues are addressed. An extremely high percentage of these populations are dually diagnosed and can therefore run the full dimensional spectrum of disorders and behaviors as described in the DSM-IV. [Text, pp. 167-168] [Pilots]

Keywords: Addiction Addictions Behavior Problems Behavior Therapy Bilateral Stimulation Compulsions Craving Desensitization of Triggers Dysfunctional Behaviors Information Processing Model Psychotherapeutic Techniques Urge Reduction Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

262. Siegel, D. J. (2002). The developing mind and the resolution of trauma: Some ideas about information processing and an interpersonal neurobiology of psychotherapy. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 85-121). Washington: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter provides an overview of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the nature of the developing mind and how the unresolved effects of trauma may be resolved within psychotherapy. Following is a brief background of my introduction to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and Francine Shapiro, the founder and a leading pioneer in the field of EMDR.My work comes from an interdisciplinary approach that combines numerous independent fields, including attachment theory and research, cognitive neuroscience, complexity theory, developmental psychology and psychopathology, genetics, psycholinguistics, and the study of trauma. By weaving the findings from these varied disciplines together with clinical work as a child psychiatrist, I developed a conceptual framework that was published as a book, "The Developing Mind: Toward a Neurobiology of Interpersonal Experience" (1999). This chapter offers a brief overview of this work and highlights ways in which this interpersonal neurobiology approach may help in understanding some possible mechanisms underlying trauma and its resolution. [Text, pp. 85, 86]

Keywords: Adults Cognitive Processes Neurobiology Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

263. Geller, P.A. (1999, Fall). Developmental considerations in using EMDR with adolescents. EMDRIA Newsletter, Child and Adolescent Issue, Special Edition, 4(4), 4-8.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Children,adolescents, and EMDR: A closer look
Doing psychotherapy, including EMDR, with adolescents presents a particular set of challenges for the therapist.

Keywords: Adolescents

Accuracy Verified: Yes

264. Laub, B., & Weiner, N. (2011). A developmental/integrative perspective of the recent traumatic episode protocol. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(2), 57-72. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.57.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP) is an adaptation of the eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) standard protocol to the acute phases following trauma. In this article, the R-TEP structure and procedures were analyzed from a developmental/integrative perspective. It is proposed that the therapist's developmental understanding and attunement can enhance the therapeutic dyad and can promote flexible decision making while using the R-TEP procedures. One case illustration of a recent trauma intervention demonstrates the advantage of developmental attunement in using the R-TEP. This perspective enables the therapist to pace the various styles of processing as they relate to the different stages of the memory consolidation process.

Keywords: AIP Model Early EMDR Intervention EEI Memory Consolidation Process R-TEP Recent Events Recent Trauma Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

265. Hase, M. [2003]. Die "wenig belastende beispielerinnerung“: Ein beitrag zur EMDR-behandlungsplanung [The "little stress as memory": A contribution to EMDR treatment planning]. Biespielerinnerung, Michael Hase.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ist eine sehr wirksame Therapiemethode in der Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung, assozierter Störungen und anderer psychischer Störungen. Das Modell der adaptiven Informationsverarbeitung stellt einen theoretischen Rahmen bereit, um die Wirkung des EMDR zu erklären und bietet im Sinne eines Krankheitsmodells Anleitung zur Diagnostik und Behandlungsplanung. EMDR ist ein manualisiertes Verfahren und die Berücksichtung der vorgeschlagenen Protokolle und Prozeduren ist für einen Behandlungserfolg essentiell. Die phasenorientierte Behandlungsplanung nimmt in der Therapie traumatisierter Menschen generell einen hohen Stellenwert ein und ist auch für eine EMDR-Therapie sehr wichtig. Die Bearbeitung einer „wenig belastenden Beispielerinnerung“ in der Frühphase einer EMDR-Therapie bietet einen guten Einstieg in die sich anschließende Traumabearbeitung und ist besonders in der Arbeit mit akut Traumatisierten und komplexen Störungsbildern hilfreich.
Summary: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a very effective Method of therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, an associate Disorders and other mental disorders. The model of adaptive Information processing provides a theoretical framework to evaluate the effect of EMDR explain and offer guidance in terms of a disease model for the diagnosis and Treatment planning. EMDR is a manualized procedures and the consideration of the proposed protocols and procedures is essential for a successful treatment. The phase-oriented treatment planning in general it will in the treatment of traumatized people of great value and is also responsible for EMDR therapy is very important. The processing a "little strain as memory" in the early stages of an EMDR therapy offers a good introduction to the subsequent trauma and is particularly in the work helpful with acute and complex trauma disorders.

Keywords: Treatment Planning

Accuracy Verified: Yes

266. Plassmann, R. (2007). Die kunst des lassens: Psychotherapie mit EMDR fur erwachsene und kinder [The art of giving. EMDR for adults and children]. Reihe: edition psychosozial, Giessen: Psychosozial-Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Das Buch beschreibt auf sehr lebendige Weise, mit vielen Fallbeispielen, wie das EMDR und die moderne Hirnforschung die Psychotherapie auf eine völlig neue Grundlage gestellt haben und uns Möglichkeiten an die Hand gegeben haben, die vorher nicht bestanden. Es erläutert dem Fachmann die Arbeitsweise und deren wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und potenziellen Patienten, wie ihr Weg durch den Heilungsprozess aussieht.Wie fördert man seelische Heilungs- und Wachstumsprozesse? Vor dieser Herausforderung steht die wissenschaftliche Psychotherapie seit nunmehr 100 Jahren. Entscheidende Fortschritte sind in den letzten Jahren durch die neuen Methoden der modernen Traumatherapie möglich geworden. Gleichzeitig hat uns die moderne Hirnforschung Einblick gegeben, wie das Gehirn emotionale Belastungen verarbeitet. Die EMDR-Technik (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) konzentriert sich der Patient auf ein belastendes Erlebnis während seine Augen gleichzeitig den Handbewegungen des Therapeuten folgen, wodurch eine entlastende Wirkung eintritt. Das Buch beschreibt mit vielen Fallbeispielen auf sehr lebendige Weise, wie das EMDR und die moderne Hirnforschung die Psychotherapie auf eine völlig neue Grundlage gestellt und uns neue Möglichkeiten an die Hand gegeben haben. Es erläutert dem Fachmann die Arbeitsweise und deren wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und potenziellen Patienten, wie ihr Weg durch den Heilungsprozess aussieht, bei Essstörungen, Borderlinestörungen, Traumafolgestörungen und bei allen durch emotionale Überlastung entstandenen Erkrankungen.

The book describes in lively fashion, with many case studies provided as EMDR and modern brain research and therapy in a completely new basis have and have given us opportunities to the hand that were not there before. It explains the workings of the expert and the scientific basis and potential patients, as its way through the healing process aussieht.Wie promotes spiritual healing and growth it processes? That is the challenge the scientific psychotherapy is now 100 years since. Decisive progress in recent years made possible by new methods of modern trauma therapy. At the same time our modern brain research has given insight into how the brain processes emotional stress. The EMDR technique (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) focuses the patient on a stressful experience at the same time as his eyes follow the hand movements of the therapist, making an exculpatory effect occurs. The book describes many case studies have a very vivid way, as the modern brain research and the EMDR psychotherapy on an entirely new basis, and given us new opportunities to the hand. It explains the workings of the expert and the scientific basis and potential patients, as you look way through the healing process by eating disorders, borderline personality disorders, trauma disorders, and in all subsequent congestion caused by emotional disorders.

Keywords: Adults Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

267. Gelbach, R. A., & Davis, K. E. B. (2007). Disaster response: EMDR and family systems therapy under communitywide stress. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 387-404). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Disaster is commonly understood as an overwhelming misfortune that is not easily overcome or set right. Though our lives may go on after a disaster, it is virtually certain that they will have been transformed in some profound way. Nevertheless, it is very clear that not all who live through a disaster will be traumatized by it and that only a fraction of survivors will develop trauma-related disorders such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Societies that have resources and choose to use them to shore up the infrastructure quickly and effectively will buffer their populations from increasing levels of PTSD. The impact of disasters on family and societal function and intervention priorities are discussed here. Report of the Task Force (2002) of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies is summarized next. The chapter then discusses psychotherapy as a response to disaster. Two approaches to postdisaster psychotherapy that have adapted well in diverse cultural environments are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) and family systems approaches. The therapy process is presented next. Other topics here include family and cultural considerations and group treatment. A case example is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Disaster Response Disasters Emotional Trauma Family Systems Therapy Family Therapy Post Disaster Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stress Society Therapy Process

Accuracy Verified: Yes

268. Yule, W. (2008, April). Disaster, crisis and trauma psychology: Meeting the needs of children and adolescents. Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Psychological Society of Ireland and NIBPS, Dublin,Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will summarise the work undertaken by the Standing Committee and describe the developments in Disaster, Crisis and Trauma Psychology as they relate to children and adolescents. Post Traumatic Stress Reactions are now well described in children, although much has still to be learned about pre-schoolers. Developmental and gender differences as well as family influences have all been investigated within a broad developmental psychopathology framework. Most excitingly, efficient and effective brief interventions such as trauma focused cognitive behaviour therapy and EMDR have been developed, applied and validated. These individually oriented interventions have also been adapted for large group interventions as are needed after major disasters and war. Recent developments will be highlighted and future directions indicated.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Crisis Disaster Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

269. Charbit, J. (2007, September). Discussion: Quel est l’effet spécifique des mouvements oculaires? [What is the specific effect of eye movements?]. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique, 165(7), 527-528. doi:10.1016/j.amp.2007.06.003.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract: Réponse du Rapporteur – Depuis son élaboration, l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), en tant que technique psychothérapique brève, a suscité des études aussi nombreuses que diverses. S’inscrivant dans différentes perspectives, les auteurs de ces recherches ont axé leurs travaux soit pour démontrer l’efficacité de cette technique par rapport à d’autres traitements aussi bien pharmacologiques que psychothérapiques, soit pour souligner l’importance de certaines composantes spécifiques à l’EMDR comme la bilatéralisation des mouvements oculaires (MO) [ou d’autres stimuli], soit, enfin, pour jeter les bases d’un modèle neuropsychologique pouvant constituer un cadre théorique explicatif.

Rapporteur's answer - Since its development, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), as Technical brief psychotherapy, has also prompted studies numerous and diverse. As part of different perspectives, the authors of these studies have focused either to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique over to other treatments as well as pharmacological psychotherapy, either to emphasize the importance of certain components specific to EMDR as bilateralization eye movement (MO) [or other stimuli] or, finally, to lay the groundwork for a neuropsychological model may constitute a theoretical explanation.

Keywords: Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

270. van der Hart, O., Groenendijk, M., Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Solomon, R. (2013). Dissociation of the personality and EMDR therapy in complex trauma-related disorders: Applications in the stabilization phase. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 81-94. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.81.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As proposed in a previous article in this journal, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinicians treating clients with complex trauma-related disorders may benefit from knowing and applying the theory of structural dissociation of the personality (TSDP) and its accompanying psychology of action. TSDP postulates that dissociation of the personality is the main feature of traumatization and a wide range of trauma-related disorders from simple posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to dissociative identity disorder (DID). The theory may help EMDR therapists to develop a comprehensive map for understanding the problems of clients with complex trauma-related disorders and to formulate and carry out a treatment plan. The expert consensus model in complex trauma is phase-oriented treatment in which a stabilization and preparation phase precedes the treatment of traumatic memories. This article focuses on the initial stabilization and preparatory phase, which is very important to safely and effectively use EMDR in treating complex trauma. Central themes are (a) working with maladaptive beliefs, (b) overcoming dissociative phobias, and (c) an extended application of resourcing

Keywords: Dissociation Dissociative Disorders Structural Dissociation of the Personality Phase-Oriented Treatment Stabilization Phase

Accuracy Verified: Yes

271. van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., & Solomon, R. (2010). Dissociation of the personality in complex trauma-related disorders and EMDR: Theoretical considerations. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(2), 76-92. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.2.76.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been increasingly applied in complex trauma-related disorders, including complex dissociative disorders, and trauma-related borderline personality disorder, EMDR practice may benefit from theories developed to account for the dissociative nature of these disorders, such as the theory of structural dissociation of the personality (TSDP). TSDP postulates that the personality of traumatized individuals is unduly divided in two basic types of dissociative subsystems or parts. One type involves dissociative parts primarily mediated by daily life action systems or motivational systems. The other type involves dissociative parts, fixated in traumatic memories, primarily mediated by the defense action system. The more severe and chronic the traumatization, the more dissociative parts can be expected to exist. This article presents the basics of TSDP, and a second article will provide guidelines for the treatment of complex trauma-related disorders based on this theory.

Keywords: Complex Trauma Dissociation Dissociation of the Personality Dissociative Disorders Integration Ohase-Oriented Treatment Structural Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

272. van der Hart, O. (2011, March). Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatisation and a guide to EMDR treatment. Preconference presentation at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There is currently consensus that the EMDR standard protocol needs to be modified for chronically traumatized clients, such as clients with complex dissociative disorders, as it may destabilize them. Therefore, therapists need to have a good understanding of the dissociative personality structure that exists in these clients. Dissociation is an undue division of the personality among two or more biopsychosocial systems or “dissociative parts” that comprise the survivor’s personality. One or more of them function in daily life; others are fixated in traumatic experiences, are living in trauma-time. The more severe the traumatisation, the more dissociative parts, involving more complex trauma-related disorders, can be expected to exist. Dissociative parts have psychobiological boundaries that are maintained, to a large degree, by different trauma-related phobias, which are systematically resolved in phase-oriented treatment. Indeed, participants will be able to describe structural dissociation of the personality as a specific form of integrative failure that needs to be overcome in phase-oriented treatment, identify ways of relating dissociative symptoms to the underlying dissociation of the personality, and identify targets such as the dissociation-maintaining phobias, for EMDR interventions in the respective treatment phases. The emphasis will be on the preparatory work, including how to work with dissociative parts living in trauma-time and those perceived as being malevolent, necessary before focusing on the integration of traumatic memories.

Keywords: Dissocation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

273. van der Hart, O. (2010, September/October). Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatization and its treatment. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR treatment of complex trauma-related disorders may benefit from a clear understanding of the dissociative nature of these disorders. Dissociation is an undue division of the personality among two or more psychobiological systems or “dissociative parts” that comprise the survivor’s personality. One or more of them function in daily life; others are fixated in traumatic experiences. The more severe the traumatization, the more dissociative parts, involving more complex trauma-related disorders, can be expected to exist. Dissociative parts have psychobiological boundaries that are maintained, to a large degree, by different trauma-related phobias, which should be systematically resolved in phase-oriented treatment. Participants will be able to describe structural dissociation of the personality as a specific form of integrative failure that needs to be overcome in phase-oriented treatment, identify ways of relating dissociative symptoms to the underlying dissociation of the personality, and identify targets for EMDR interventions in each of the three treatment phases in terms of overcoming specific phobias.

Keywords: Chronic Traumatization Plenary

Accuracy Verified: Yes

274. Lanius, U. F. (2001, June). Dissociation processes and EMDR: Staying connected. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn a model, based on recent developments in neuroscience and the neurobiology of dissociation, that guides therapeutic interventions in general and EMDR treatment in particular; 2) apply effective treatment planning, target selection, and the use of both body-oriented (bottom-up processing); 3) learn to utilize interventions intended to minimize dissociative symptoms; and 4) learn techniques that aid clients in becoming reconnected, once dissociative processes have occurred.

Keywords: Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

275. van der Hart, O. (2007). Dissociation: The key to understanding and treating traumitization. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A precise understanding of trauma-related dissociation is essential for clinical practice, including the use of EMDR with traumatized patients. The existence of many conflicting and vague definitions of dissociation that include a mixture of constructs has obscured understanding of the nature of dissociation. Thus, it is viewed alternately as a process, a structure, a defense mechanism, a deficit, and as various symptoms. Most contemporary clinicians and researchers working with traumatized people have lost a connection with the unifying and comprehensive theory of trauma-related dissociation already outlined over the course of the history of psychiatry. Thus, a return to the original major studies on trauma-related dissociation is essential in clarifying the concept of dissociation, in reconciling it with contemporary science, and in realizing its importance in treatment. The works of two Masters will be used to highlight this basic concept: Pierre Janet (1859-1947) and Charles Myers (1873-1947). The theory of structural dissociation of the personality integrates their original views on dissociation with modern findings from clinical practice and research and developments in the neurosciences. It emphasizes that the personality system of the trauma survivor becomes structurally divided into two or more self-conscious psychobiological subsystems. Some of these subsystems, which we have called “dissociative parts of the personality”, are engaged in daily living and avoidance of traumatic memories, other parts are fixated in traumatic experiences and essentially engaged in animal defensive actions toward perceived danger. More severe chronic traumatization leads to more complex structural dissociation, and thus to more complex trauma-related disorders. Although short-term, intensive treatments such as prolonged exposure and EMDR are appropriate for simple trauma-related disorders, a phase-oriented treatment is the standard of care formore complex disorders. Regardless of treatment modalities employed, be it EMDR or other approaches, therapists need to be skilled in the recognition of symptoms of dissociation and in special treatment approaches that support personality integration among dissociative parts, particularly in working with traumatic memories.

Keywords: Dissociation Keynote

Accuracy Verified: Yes

276. Lanius, U. F. (2004, September). Dissociative processes and EMDR – Staying connected. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A model is proposed, based on recent research in neuroscience and the neurobiology of dissociation and attachment, that guides therapeutic interventions in general and EMDR treatment in particular. Participants will become familiar with specific interventions intended to minimize dissociative symptoms, as well as techniques that aid clients in becoming reconnected, once dissociative processes have occurred. That is, a comprehensive therapeutic approach is described to aid clients with dissociative symptoms to stay connected, and in some cases reconnect with their healing process, thereby enhancing the likelihood of efficient information processing during EMDR treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

277. Freyberger, H. J., & Spitzer, C. (2005, Juli). Dissoziative störungen [Dissociative disorders]. Der Nervenarzt, 76(7), 893-900. doi:10.1007/s00115005-1956-z .

Language: German

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Die dissoziative Störungen und Konversion sind mit erheblichen klassifikatorischen, diagnostische und therapeutische Schwierigkeiten, die nur in den historischen Kontext der Diskussion über die Hysterie verstanden werden kann, verbunden. Auch die Einstufung in die ICD-10 und DSM-IV ist heterogen. Prävalenzraten zwischen etwa 3% in der allgemeinen Bevölkerung und bis zu 30% in klinischen Populationen, jedoch beziehen sich auf die große klinische Bedeutung. Realtraumatisierungen eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese. High Komorbiditätsraten mit anderen psychischen Störungen eine Tendenz zu chronischen somatischen Erkrankung und ein Konzept (insbesondere bei Patienten mit Erkrankungen erschweren Umwandlung) der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung. Dies erlaubt die Behandlung Ziele sind sowohl psychodynamische und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen in Abhängigkeit entwickelt, möglicherweise mit den Techniken der Trauma-Therapie, wie EMDR (Springer).

The dissociative and conversion disorders are associated with significant classificatory, diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties that can be understood only in the historical context of the discussion on hysteria. Even the classification in ICD-10 and DSM-IV is heterogeneous. Prevalence rates of between about 3% in the general population and up to 30% in clinical populations, however, refer to the great clinical significance. Realtraumatisierungen have an important role in the pathogenesis. High Komorbiditätsraten with other mental disorders, a tendency to chronic somatic disease and a concept (especially in patients with conversion disorders complicate) the psychotherapeutic treatment. This allows the treatment goals are designed both psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral dependence in, possibly with the techniques of trauma therapy such as EMDR (Springer).

Keywords: Chronicity (Disorders) Comorbidity Conversion Disorder Diagnosis Dissociative Disorders Epidemiology Etiology Psychotherapy Somatization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

278. Edalatian-McCain, N. (2009, August). Distal-proximal process interweave for treatment of sexual trauma in DID clients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will learn an extended interweave strategy to reduce the likelihood of re-traumatization in DID clients processing sexual trauma within the EMDR protocol. This strategy, Distal-Proximal Process interweave, involves an orientation phase to encourage and help the “host” to stay present during processing--even at the expense of not dealing with details of a trauma that are held in alters with limited range. The implementation phase involves using the Rescue Express Merge tactic to help the client process with empowerment. The client is helped through the trauma several times, each time handling more details until he/she can process the trauma in its entirety without needing interweaves.

Keywords: DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Distal-Proximal Process Interweave Sexual Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

279. Roth, W. T. (2010). Diversity of effective treatments of panic attacks: What do they have in common?. Depression and Anxiety, 27(1), 5-11. doi:10.1002/da.20601.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
By comparing efficacious psychological therapies of different kinds, inferences about common effective treatment mechanisms can be made. We selected six therapies for review on the basis of the diversity of their theoretical rationales and evidence for superior efficacy: psychoanalytic psychotherapy, hypercapnic breathing training, hypocapnic breathing training, reprocessing with and without eye-movement desensitization, muscle relaxation, and cognitive behavior therapy. The likely common element of all these therapies is that they reduce the immediate expectancy of a panic attack, disrupting the vicious circle of fearing fear. Modifying expectation is usually regarded as a placebo mechanism in psychotherapy, but may be a specific treatment mechanism for panic. The fact that this is seldom the rationale communicated to the patient creates a moral dilemma: Is it ethical for therapists to mislead patients to help them? Pragmatic justification of a successful practice is a way out of this dilemma. Therapies should be evaluated that deal with expectations directly by promoting positive thinking or by fostering non-expectancy.

Keywords: Anxiety Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

280. Becker, L., Todd-Overman, A., Stoothoff, W., & Lawson, P. (1998, July). Do eye movements hinder the avoidance process leading to greater accessibility of traumatic memories?. In Ironic memory, PTSD, and EMDR. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn Wegner's ironic memory process model; 2) learn how the ironic memory process model is related to the DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD; 3) learn that eye movements at different speeds interfere with and interact with the speech process; and 4) learn that eye movements can inhibit the suppression process.

Keywords: Eye Movement Ironic Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium Wegner

Accuracy Verified: Yes

281. Lockhart, S. (2009, June 16). Do the eyes have it?. Psychology Today.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
A few years ago, my friend Ally, who had a somewhat unwarranted confidence in my knowledge of Things Psychological, asked if I knew anything about EMDR; she had suffered some severe childhood trauma, and was thinking of trying it. "EMDR?" I asked, "Is that a new street drug?" I guess that showed her what I knew. She explained that her therapist had suggested this relatively new technique, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, that had been shown to ease symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in soldiers and rape victims. From what she understood, the therapist would help her to focus on her devastating memories of childhood abuse while directing her eyes to twitch rapidly from side to side. This, according to her shrink, would help her to better "process" her memories. "Sounds like hypnotism," I expertly analyzed. "Who knows, maybe it will work." More recently, when I wrote here about the neurobiological advantages of emotionally "finding a safe place," several readers also wrote in to ask me about EMDR. Now I understand why people want an expert opinion (and I'm no expert, by the way): a heap of controversy surrounds this popular technique.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

282. Rossi, E. L. (1999, June). Does EMDR facilitate new growth in the brain? Immediate-early genes in optimizing human potentials. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) be able to describe the possible role of immediate-early genes and the growth of the brain during psychological arousal, creative work and innovative approaches to psychotherapy, such as EMDR; and 2) be able to outline the mind-body dynamics of our natural 90 ultradian cycle of peak performance and healing in creative work, as well as psychotherapy.

Keywords: 90 Ultradian Cycle of Peak Performance Brain Growth Immediate-Early Genes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

283. Tate, K. (2003). Does naturally occurring EMDR-like phenomena in the work environment increase employment risk for survivors of violent crimes?. Mental Health Santuary. Retrieved from http://www.naturalhealthweb.com/articles/tate1.html on 3/29/2013.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a controversial yet exciting therapy that assists many, including survivors of violent crimes to process their experiences so that they can move forward in their healing. The therapist deliberately stimulates left-right brain processing while facilitating an environment similar to that experienced while dreaming. It is particularly effective in treating people with post traumatic stress disorder. While this carefully constructed set of circumstances is beneficial in the hands of a qualified EMDR practitioner and in a safe environment, is it possible that the very factors which lead to healing in EMDR therapy present themselves unawares outside the clinical environment causing post-traumatic stress episodes? The actual triggers leading to a post traumatic stress episode vary, but perhaps upon inspection a naturally occurring commonality mimicking the EMDR phenomenon is present. Although eye movements are the most commonly used external stimulus employed by EMDR therapists, they also use auditory tones, tapping, or other types of tactile stimulation. Are there naturally occurring corollaries in the everyday environment which would make it difficult for a survivor of violent crime to function in their day to day duties? Are work tasks unknowingly triggering the beginnings of an EMDR session without the presence of an EMDR practitioner to facilitate the information processing? Is a post-traumatic stress response the result? Survivors of violent crimes are at high risk for employment. Does Naturally Occurring EMDR-Like Phenomena in the Work Environment Increase Employment Risk for Survivors of Violent Crimes?

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Survivors Violent Crimes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

284. Colmenares, C. (2000, July 11). Doorway to healing?. Nashville, TN: The Tennessean, Living, 1D.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Then a sixth therapist, Nashville psychologist Wallace Reynolds, suggested EMDR, eye movement desensitization reprocessing, a relatively new psychotherapy technique that opens the boxes where monsters dwell so the mind can flick the switch and send them scattering. "It's not magic, just accelerated processing," Reynolds says. Indeed it's not magic in fact, it's smoke and mirrors, say scientists who dispute not only the efficacy of EMDR but the theories behind it.

Keywords: General Nashville Overview Wallace Reynolds

Accuracy Verified: Yes

285. Samec, J. R. (2005, December). Dorothy's dilemma: A patient with an insecure base for treatment. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
A traumatized adolescent, sensitive to rejection and exposed to real threat by the perpetrator who caused past traumatisation, would seem to have an insecure base for therapeutic treatment. Such a patient may have difficulty developing resources according to the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)-resource installation procedure and accepting EMDR-cognitive interweaves. Treatment of such a patient demonstrates that therapy is possible, if the patient is given the possibility to confront the perpetrator in an imaginary anticipatory situation and process that event with EMDR, even though not all past and current issues have been completely treated.[Author abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents Client Readiness Cognitive Interweave Resource Installation Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

286. Samec, J. R. (2005, Februari). Dorothys dilemma, När en patient inte har en trygg bas för behandling [Dorothy’s Dilemma: A patient with an insecure base for treatment]. EMDR Tidningen.

Language: Swedish

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
James R. Samec, leg. psykoterapeut med privat verksamhet i Stockholm och Norrtälje. Han är också verksam vid barn- och ungdomspsykiatriska mottagningen i Norrtälje. Artikeln är en omarbetad version av den som publicerades i EMDR-tidningen i februari 2005. Författaren tackar också leg. psykoterapeut Lotta Landerholm för hennes ovärderliga och insiktsfulla observationer. Hur gör man när en patient vägrar att berätta om vad hon har varit utsatt för, vem som utsatt henne för det och hotar henne i hennes aktuella liv? Denna artikel illustrerar hur psykodynamisk psykoterapi med Eye Movement Densensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ger möjlighet att bearbeta ett trauma utan att psykoterapeuten vet vem och vad patienten har varit utsatt för och hur en omvänd applicering av EMDR kan hjälpa en patient som fortfarande är utsatt för den förövaren som orsakade traumatiseringen.

A traumatized adolescent, sensitive to rejection and exposed to real threat by the perpetrator who caused past traumatisation, would seem to have an insecure base for therapeutic treatment. Such a patient may have difficulty developing resources according to the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)-resource installation procedure and accepting EMDR-cognitive interweaves. Treatment of such a patient demonstrates that therapy is possible, if the patient is given the possibility to confront the perpetrator in an imaginary anticipatory situation and process that event with EMDR, even though not all past and current issues have been completely treated.

Keywords: Adolescents Client Readiness Cognitive Interweave Resource Installation Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

287. Grabahan, A. (2012, April 5). Dr. Francine Shapiro meets trauma head-on. Santa Rosa Press Democrat. Retrieved from http://bodega.towns.pressdemocrat.com on 11-2-2012 .

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Unlike many other forms of psychotherapy, EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) can bring about relief rapidly, typically after eight 90-minute sessions. In her new book, “Getting Past Your Past: Take Control of Your Life with Self-Help Techniques from EMDR Therapy” (Rodale Books, 2012), Dr. Shapiro translates the psychotherapy for the lay audience, teaching people how to apply some of the techniques to their own lives, with book profits benefiting the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program. Click here to read more about how EMDR can be used for self-help purposes. [Excerpt]

Keywords: General Getting Past Your Past Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

288. Manfield, P. (2013, May). Dyadic resourcing: Creating a foundation for treating early trauma [La dyade comme ressource: Créer une base solide pour traiter les traumas de la petite enfance]. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop introduces “dyadic resourcing,” a resourcing approach designed to facilitate EMDR processing of very early trauma with severely deprived clients, including those with attachment disorders. The goal of this process is to help clients connect affectively to an internal experience of being in a nurturing parent-child relationship. This workshop will address the basic principles and processes central to this form of resourcing, including each of the five steps involved in establishing this resource. The process will be illustrated using clinical videos, resourcing transcripts, and a live demonstration. Links to free additional training resources will be provided.
Learning Objectives: • Explain why cognitive interweaves are often not helpful to clients with attachment disorders • List 15 possible sources of resource figures a client might have that the client can feel a present affective connection to. • List 8 techniques that can be used to help a client feel more intensely connected to a resource. • Describe 4 indications that clients are NOT assuming an outside observer role and are instead overly identifying with their child selves. • Describe how the “morphing” process minimizes a client’s resistance to feeling nurtured.

Cet atelier présente la dyade comme ressource, une approche conçue pour faciliter le retraitement en EMDR pour les traumas de la petite enfance chez des clients qui ont été sévèrement négligés dont ceux avec un trouble de l’attachement. L’objectif de ce processus est d’aider le client à se connecter au niveau affectif à une expérience intérieure d’être dans une relation nourrissante parent-enfant. Cet atelier portera sur les principes de base et les processus centraux de cette forme de ressourcement incluant les 5 étapes pour établir cette ressource. Le processus sera illustré à l’aide de vidéos de transcription sur les ressources et une démonstration en direct. Il fournira aussi des ‘’liens’’ afin d’avoir accès gratuitement à des formations sur les ressources.
Objectifs d’apprentissage: • Expliquer pourquoi les tissages cognitifs ne sont pas aidant pour les clients ayant un trouble de l’attachement • Une liste de 15 figures ressourçantes pour le client et pour lesquelles il peut ressentir une connexion sur le plan affectif. • Une liste de 8 techniques qui peut être utiliser afin d’aider le client à se sentir de plus en plus connecter à une ressource. • Décrire 4 indications que le client n’adopte pas une position d’observateur mais plutôt qu’il soit vraiment identifié avec leurs ‘’soi’’ d’enfant. • Décrire comment le processus de ‘’morphing’’ peut diminuer la résistance au sentiment d’être nourrit affectivement

Keywords: Dyadic Resourcing Morphing Resource Figures

Accuracy Verified: Yes

289. Manfield, P. (2011, August). Dyadic resourcing: EMDR with difficult clients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Difficult Clients Dyadic Resourcing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

290. Kleinman, M., & Kleinman, M. (1998, July). The dynamics of family violence: Its impact on women and children: Using EMDR to treat victims and perpetrators. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) understand the subtleties and complexities of abusive relationships; 2) be able to assess children for subtle signs of abuse and coercion, including brainwashing; 3) be taken through a case of successful treatment of a perpetrator; 4) be able to employ EMDR with victims of domestic vilence to "unhook" them from a controlling partner; 5) know the strategic points to address therapeutically with children growing up in these families and how to use EMDR to process past trauma and to restore self esteem; 6) better understand what makes an abuser "tick" and to assess whether or not to use EMDR with perpetrators; and 7) gain a fuller understanding of domestic violence.

Keywords: Brainwashing Children Domestic Violence Family Violence Perpetrators Victims Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

291. Ravaglia, G. (2003). E.M.D.R. e percorso analitico [EMDR and path analysis]. Gianfranco Ravaglia.

Language: Italian

Format: Other

Abstract:
Le tesi sviluppate negli scritti di questo sito rinviano a vari indirizzi psicoterapeutici che convergono nel considerare i disturbi psicologici come esiti di atteggiamenti difensivi intenzionali, anziché come "effetti" di "cause" intrapsichiche o ambientali. Il cliente in analisi non è quindi considerato un malato da curare, ma un soggetto che ha costruito le sue difese e che per questo può anche cambiare. Il lavoro analitico verte sul chiarimento delle convinzioni irrazionali su cui si fonda la strategia difensiva della persona e sull'esplorazione dei vissuti profondi non integrati nell'infanzia perché sentiti in tale epoca come intollerabili. Il lavoro analitico si basa sull'idea che i sintomi, gli atteggiamenti difensivi ed anche molti atteggiamenti considerati normali costituiscano una risposta ragionevole nell'infanzia, ma irrazionale nella vita adulta, al dolore. Il bambino evita il dolore, mentre l'adulto può accettarlo perché dispone di risorse che nell'infanzia non aveva. Il lavoro analitico ha come obiettivo l’elaborazione delle esperienze dolorose attuali e dei vissuti dolorosi del passato. Non “cura” i disturbi psicologici, ma serve a renderli superflui; consente quindi alla persona in analisi non solo di "star meglio", ma di modificare l'atteggiamento complessivo nei confronti della sua esistenza. Dal 2000 ad oggi questo sito è cresciuto includendo ogni anno nuovi lavori. Per ogni saggio indico la data della prima pubblicazione; indico anche quella dell’ultima revisione solo nei casi in cui parti significative sono state aggiunte.

The arguments in the writings of this site refer to various addresses psychotherapy converge in considering the results of psychological disorders such as defensive intentional, rather than "effects" of "causes" intrapsychic or environmental. The customer analysis is therefore not considered a patient to be cured, but a person who has built his defenses and that this may also change. The analytical work focuses on clarifying the irrational beliefs underlying the defensive strategy of the person and the exploration of deep feelings are not integrated in childhood because at that time felt as intolerable. The analytical work is based on the symptoms, the defensive and many considered normal behavior in childhood constitute a reasonable response, but irrational in adult life, the pain. The child avoids the pain, while the adult can accept it because it has resources that childhood did not have. The analytical work has as objective the development of painful experiences of current and past painful experiences. Not cure psychological disorders, but serves to make them redundant; then allows the person in analysis not only of "getting better", but change the overall attitude towards its existence. Since 2000 this site has grown to include new works each year. For each test indicates the date of first publication, also indicates that the last review only in cases where significant parts have been added.

Keywords: Path Analysis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

292. Bonnel, F. (1997, December). E.M.D.R: Eye-movement desensibilisation and reprocessing. Revue Française de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, 1(13),.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
A new therapy using a saccadic eye-movement desensitisation .EMD procedure has recently been introduced to treat posttraumatic stress disorder, a disorder that has been difficult to treat in the past. This paper reports the treatment of a woman with posttraumatic stress disorderusing the EMD procedure. She was treated with only two sessions of EMDR lasting approximately one hour and a half. The 90 day follow-up showed that the treatment gains were maintained and after a year the positive therapeutic effects were stable. These results show the efficacy and efficiency of EMDR method in the treatment of chronic traumatic memories.
EMDR perspectives reports recent research on the adaptative and maladaptative consequences of the experience of trauma. It is suggested that EMDR generates directions for future research and is helping in the treatment of patients with impaired ego-strength. The procedure fits well in a psychodynamic oriented setting : EMDR through the flow of associations, is developing an awareness,that might help the client to establish a contact with the internal representation.

Keywords: Accelerated Information Processing Adaptative Resolution AIP Desensitization Dissociation Negative Cognition

Accuracy Verified: Yes

293. Bar-Sade, E. (2003, May). Early trauma: Revisited and revised through EMDR, the narrative story and the implementation of attachment theory concepts. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
If we regard adult psychotherapy as the basis for a kind of attachment relationship in which the client seeks proximity by having a physical and emotional closeness with the therapist through which the client tries to create a”safe haven” soothing him or her when upset while providing a sense of security, child therapists often regard child-psychotherapy as a means to develop an attachment relationship between child and caregiver, whenever possible. It is a common assumption, that in child-psychotherapy, especially while dealing with trauma, the therapist must stress the importance of empowering the parental figure as an attachment figure and as a “secure base”.

Keywords: Attachment Theory Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

294. Hollander, H. E. (2009, October). ECEM (eye closure, eye movements): Application to depersonalization disorder. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 52(2), 95-109. doi:10.1080/00029157.2009.10401701.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Closure, Eye Movements (ECEM) is a hypnotically-based approach to treatment that incorporates eye movements adapted from the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) protocol in conjunction with hypnosis for the treatment of depersonalization disorder. Depersonalization Disorder has been differentiated from post-traumatic stress disorders and has recently been conceptualized as a subtype of panic disorder (Baker et al., 2003; David, Phillips, Medford, & Sierra, 2004; Segui et. al., 2000). During ECEM, while remaining in a hypnotic state, clients self-generated six to seven trials of eye movements to reduce anticipatory anxiety associated with depersonalization disorder. Eye movements were also used to process triggers that elicited breath holding, often followed by episodes of depersonalization. Hypnotic suggestions were used to reverse core symptoms of depersonalization, subjectively described as "feeling unreal" (Simeon et al., 1997).

Keywords: ECEM Eye Closure Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

295. Maxfield, L. (2007). Editorial. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 4-5. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.4.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Excerpt: EMDR has come a long way in the 20 years since Francine Shapiro’s 1987 walk in the park. At that time, she noticed that rapid eye movements decreased the emotionality of some intrusive memories, and she intuitively recognized that this phenomenon had great clinical utility. Shapiro went on to develop a treatment approach (Shapiro, 1989) that has been taught to more than one hundred thousand clinicians worldwide and that has eliminated the distress of many millions of clients. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) is a structured psychotherapy approach and was designed to facilitate the processing of distressing memories. Its efficacy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been widely acknowledged, and EMDR is a recommended therapy in numerous international guidelines.

Keywords: Editorial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

296. Maxfield, L. (2009). Editorial: Looking back, moving forward. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 210. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.210.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This issue is our second special issue in 2009, celebrating 20 years of EMDR. First introduced in 1989 with reports of an important clinical study by Francine Shapiro, EMDR has developed from a simple desensitization technique to a comprehensive psychotherapy approach. Although its research evidence is primarily related to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), some case studies and anecdotal reports indicate that EMDR may also be effective in reducing/eliminating symptoms related to other disorders, especially those with an emotionally disturbing etiology.

Keywords: History

Accuracy Verified: Yes

297. Nanninga, R. (2004, March). Een Doorn in het oog - Het omstreden succes van EMDR [An eyesore: The controversial success of EMDR]. Skepter, 17(1), 1-12.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
EMDR is een nieuwe psychotherapie voor mensen die last hebben van traumatische herinneringen. De methode is in korte tijd erg populair geworden onder psychologen. Maar volgens critici is er niks nieuws onder de zon.

EMDR is a new psychotherapy for people suffering from traumatic memories. The method has quickly become very popular among psychologists. But critics say there is nothing new under the Sun.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

298. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (1993). Een nieuwe behandelingsmethode voor angst en trauma's: ‘Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing’ [A new treatment for anxiety and trauma: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. Directieve Therapie, 13(2), 78-83. doi:10.1007/BF03060028 .

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In deze bijdrage wordt een beschrijving gegeven van de achtergronden en principes van ‘Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing’ ( EMDR), een recente ontwikkeling op het gebied van de psychotherapie. Deze procedure wordt gepresenteerd als een snelle en effectieve behandelmethode voor aan angst gerelateerde klachten, waaronder posttraumatische stress-stoornissen. Een belangrijk onderdeel van EMDR is dat de therapeut bij de cliënt een aantal snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen uitlokt door hem te vragen zijn vinger te volgen, terwijl de cliënt een beeld van de traumatische herinnering in gedachten houdt. Dit zou resulteren in cognitieve veranderingen en een langdurige vermindering van angst, alsmede een verdwijnen van terugkerende herinneringen en indringende gedachten. Zoals naar voren komt uit onderzoek en twee gepresenteerde gevalsbeschrijvingen (een geval van extreme angst voor de tandheelkundige behandeling en een geval van seksueel misbruik), kan EMDR reeds effectief zijn in slechts één zitting. Het artikel sluit af met evaluatieve opmerkingen en aanbevelingen met betrekking tot het gebruik van deze behandelingsmethode in de praktijk.

In this article describes the background and principles of "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing "(EMDR), a recent development in the field of psychotherapy. This procedure is presented as a rapid and effective treatment for anxiety-related symptoms, including post-traumatic stress disorder. EMDR is an important part of the therapist to the client a number of rapid and rhythmic eye movements provokes him by asking his finger to follow, while a client image of the traumatic memory in mind. This would result in cognitive changes and a lasting reduction of anxiety and a loss of recurrent and intrusive recollections thoughts. As emerges from two studies and presented case studies (one case extreme fear of dental treatment and one case of sexual abuse), EMDR can already effectively in only one session. The article concludes with evaluative comments and recommendations regarding the using this treatment method in practice.

Keywords: Anxiety Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

299. Smith, S. (2003, Spring). The effect of EMDR on the pathophysiology of PTSD. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 5(2), 85-91.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The process of understanding PTSD has been a long and difficult one. It is safe to say our understanding of this disorder is incomplete, and our exploration into its pathophysiology is fairly recent. As with any disorder of the brain, the complexities of PTSD are extensive and require integrating cognitive, functional, and chemical components. Given this complexity, it is no wonder that treating PTSD has also been a challenge. Treating a disorder whose components are not fully understood is similar to shooting in the dark. Some shots have hit their mark and some have missed. More than ten years after its conception, the question of whether Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a hit or a miss is still debated. If understanding the pathophysiology of PTSD is still recent, understanding the possible physiology behind EMDR is just beginning. This paper will define PTSD, explain some aspects of its physiology, and present some hypotheses as to why EMDR may be a successful treatment for PTSD. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Literature Review Posttraumtic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

300. Nakahara, T., Nakahara, K., Uehara, M., Koyama, K., Li, K., Harada, T., Yasuhara, D., Taguchi, H., Kojima, S., Sagiyama, K., & Inui, A. (2007, May). Effect of juggling therapy on anxiety disorders in female patients. doi:doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-10. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 1(10), 1-4.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juggling therapy for anxiety disorder patients. Design and Method: Subjects were 17 female outpatients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders. Subjects were treated with standard psychotherapy, medication and counseling for 6 months. For the last 3 months of treatment, subjects were randomized into either a non-juggling group (n = 9) or a juggling therapy group (juggling group: n = 8). The juggling group gradually acquired juggling skills by practicing juggling beanbags (otedama in Japan) with both hands. The therapeutic effect was evaluated using scores of psychological testing (STAI: State and Trate Anxiety Inventry, POMS: Profile of Mood Status) and of ADL (FAI: Franchay Activity Index) collected before treatment, 3 months after treatment (before juggling therapy), and at the end of both treatments. Results: After 6 months, an analysis of variance revealed that scores on the state anxiety, trait anxiety subscales of STAI and tension-anxiety (T-A) score of POMS were significantly lower in the juggling group than in the non-juggling group (p < 0.01). Depression, anger-hostility scores of POMS were improved more than non-jugglers. In the juggling group, activity scores on the vigor subscale of POMS and FAI score were significantly higher than those in the non juggling group (p < 0.01). Other mood scores of POMS did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that juggling therapy may be effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Females

Accuracy Verified: Yes

301. Sugimoto, K. (2010, October). The effect of PTSD treatments after stillbirth: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) combined with hypnotherapy. Presentation at the XVI International Congress of International Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venice, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: Despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care, many women will experience the birth of stillborn infant or the death of a newborn. Stillbirth is a devastating experience for women, sometimes leads to depression, anxiety, traumatic grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been very little research examining effective psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. This study explores the possibility the use of EMDR combined with hypnotherapy in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. Methods: the study consisted of a 'before and after' treatment design combined with follow-up measurements 1-3 years after EMDR treatment. Quantitative data from questionnaires (The impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were collected. In addition, qualitative data from individual interviews with the participants were collected as well. Participants: four out-patient women with post-traumatic stress after stillbirth (three of the four experienced fatal state and emergency caesarean section). Results: Three of the four participants reported reduction of post-traumatic stress after treatment (ranging from two to three sessions) and the beneficial effects remained after 1-3 years. One only took assessment session. Symptoms of intrusive thoughts seemed most sensitive for treatment. Nevertheless, all of the participants have not finished EMDR treatment completely. They were happy at the possibility at working through their stillbirth experience, but not prepared to work with other disturbing memories (feeder memories) in the past. All of the participants were afraid of the influence upon next pregnancy. Conclusion: EMDR combined with hypnotherapy might be a useful tool in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth, but we have to take great consideration about the timing of EMDR treatment. Further research is required.

Keywords: Hynotherapy Obstetrics Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Stillbirth

Accuracy Verified: Yes

302. Kimiko, S. (2010, October). The effect of PTSD treatments after stillbirth: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) combined with hypnotherapy. Presentation at the XVI International Congress of International Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venice, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Objective: Despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care, many women will experience the birth of stillborn infant or the death of a newborn. Stillbirth is a devastating experience for women, sometimes leads to depression, anxiety, traumatic grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been very little research examining effective psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. This study explores the possibility the use of EMDR combined with hypnotherapy in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. Methods: the study consisted of a ‘before and after’ treatment design combined with follow-up measurements 1-3 years after EMDR treatment. Quantitative data from questionnaires (The impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were collected. In addition, qualitative data from individual interviews with the participants were collected as well. Participants: four out-patient women with post-traumatic stress after stillbirth (three of the four experienced fatal state and emergency caesarean section). Results: Three of the four participants reported reduction of post-traumatic stress after treatment (ranging from two to three sessions) and the beneficial effects remained after 1-3 years. One only took assessment session. Symptoms of intrusive thoughts seemed most sensitive for treatment. Nevertheless, all of the participants have not finished EMDR treatment completely. They were happy at the possibility at working through their stillbirth experience, but not prepared to work with other disturbing memories (feeder memories) in the past. All of the participants were afraid of the influence upon next pregnancy. Conclusion: EMDR combined with hypnotherapy might be a useful tool in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth, but we have to take great consideration about the timing of EMDR treatment. Further research is required.

Keywords: Hynotherapy Obstetrics Stillbirth

Accuracy Verified: Yes

303. Uribe, M. E. R., Ramirez, E. O. L., & Mena, I. J. (2010, May). Effect of the EMDR psychotherapeutic approach on emotional cognitive processing in patients with depression. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 396-405. doi:10.1017/S1138741600003966.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The current investigation, framed within the emotional cognitive science field, was conducted with three patients with major depression. They participated in a therapeutic process which involved EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Data were obtained in the clinical practice through a longitudinal one subject study design, including: emotional valence identification within affective priming experiments; and depressive emotional representation studies, the data of which was analyzed using multidimensional scaling. The first ones had the purpose of observing the therapeutic impact over the emotional cognitive bias mechanism regarding depresogenic words related to traumatic experiences; and the second, to analyze modifications on depressive schemata. The results showed that EMDR had a positive effect both on emotional cognitive processing and on long-term memory conceptual organization. In the discussion section, interesting remarks are made on the incorporation of emotional cognitive science tools to the EMDR clinical practice

Keywords: Depression Emotional Cognitive Processing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

304. Becker, L. (2000). Effect size. Lee Becker, Ph.D..

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Effect size (ES) is a name given to a family of indices that measure the magnitude of a treatment effect. Unlike significance tests, these indices are independent of sample size. ES measures are the common currency of meta-analysis studies that summarize the findings from a specific area of research. See, for example, the influential metaanalysis of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatments by Lipsey and Wilson (1993). There is a wide array of formulas used to measure ES. For the occasional reader of meta-analysis studies, like myself, this diversity can be confusing. One of my objectives in putting together this set of lecture notes was to organize and summarize the various measures of ES. In general, ES can be measured in two ways: a) as the standardized difference between two means, or b) as the correlation between the independent variable classification and the individual scores on the dependent variable. This correlation is called the "effect size correlation" (Rosnow & Rosenthal, 1996). These notes begin with the presentation of the basic ES measures for studies with two independent groups. The issues involved when assessing ES for two dependent groups are then described.
The psychotherapies include: behavioral treatments (primarily different forms of exposure therapies), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), relaxation therapy, hypnosis, and psychodynamic therapy. The control conditions include: pill placebo (used in the drug treatment studies), wait list controls, supportive psychotherapy, and no saccades (a control for eye movements in EMDR studies).

Keywords: Effect Size

Accuracy Verified: Yes

305. Manfield, P. (2006, September). Effective EMDR targeting with couples. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The workshop begins with a discussion of which clients this technique is appropriate for. The technique is not recommended for couples in which either or both partners do not have adequate affect tolerance, observing ego, or trust of each other's integrety. Other risk factors for using EMDR in couples therapy that have been highlighted in other presentations and literature will be briefly reviewed. Participants will learn to differentiate between clients' statements that represent present experience and those that represent concepts of present experience or reporting of past experiences. Participants will be taught specific interventions which they will practice in guided exercise that will enable them to facilitate both individuals and couples to stay in their present experience during EMDR targeting. Irrational emotional responses to daily interactions and conflicts are often the result of unresolved issues resulting from underlying feeder memories. Participants will learn a simple method for identifying underlying issues of each individual partner related to a given conflict. The final and most substantial portion of this presentation will be focused on using a refined "affect bridge" technique to identify the feeder memories associated with those issues so that they can be targeted with the standard EMDR protocol. Specific methods will be taught to overcome clients' resistance and difficulties with accessing memories; these methods include use of accessing cues (re: Neurolinguistic Programming) and developing eidetics (re: Eidetic Psychotherapy) These methods will be illustrated using a case transcript, guided participant experiential exercise, and live demonstration.

Keywords: Couples Couples Therapy Targeting

Accuracy Verified: Yes

306. Manfield, P. (2005, September). Effective EMDR targeting with couples. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Based an a relatively simple protocol for finding targets specific to the partners' issues, this approach is especially effective with couples who tend to want to spend sessions complaining about each other and recounting the conflicts of the past week. Equal time will be devoted to identifying targets and then developing them using the basic principles of Ahsen's Eidetic Psychotherapy and a modified version of Walkins' "affect bridge." Methods will be taught to overcome resistance and difficulties clients have with accessing memories. Through case transcripts and participation exercises, the basics of this protocol will be explained and demonstrated.

Keywords: Couples Couples Therapy Targeting

Accuracy Verified: Yes

307. Cloitre, M. (2009, January). Effective psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder: A review and critique. CNS Spectrums, 14(1, Supplement 1), 32-43 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This report reviews and critiques the psychotherapy literature for the treatment of PTSD and systematically presents data on sample size, rates of completion, and effect sizes. Substantial progress has been made in the use of cognitive behavioral therapies and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for the resolution of PTSD. Innovations in PTSD treatments are identified. Further advances are needed in the treatment of populations with complex and chronic forms of PTSD such as those found in childhood abuse populations, refugee populations, and those experiencing chronic mental illness. The need to address comorbid emotional, social, and physical health consequences of trauma, to implement treatments in community-based settings, and to incorporate larger systems of care into study designs is noted. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

308. George, A., Thilly, N., Rydberg, J. A., Luz, R., & Spitz, E. (2013, March). Effectiveness of EMDR treatment in PTSD after childbirth: A randomized controlled trial protocol. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. doi:10.1111/aogs.12132.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A traumatic experience of childbirth is an important public health issue (1; 2). Approximately 1-2% of women suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth (3). To date, no large research project has attempted to evaluate psychotherapeutic interventions for women suffering from PTSD after childbirth in a randomized controlled trial (4). Qualitative pilot studies and clinical expertise suggest that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment is a highly successful psychotherapy for women suffering from traumatic birth (5;6). © 2013 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acta Obstetricia etGynecologica Scandinavica.

Keywords: Childbirth Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

309. Edmond, T. E., Rubin, A., & Wambach, K. G. (1999, June). The effectiveness of EMDR with adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Social Work Research, 23(2), 103-116. doi:10.1093/swr/23.2.103.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A randomized experimental evaluation found support for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. 59 women were assigned randomly to one of three groups: (1) individual EMDR treatment (six sessions); (2) routine individual treatment (six sessions); or (3) delayed treatment control group. A MANOVA was statistically significant at both posttest and follow-up. In univariate ANOVAs for each of four standardized outcome measures EMDR group members scored significantly better than controls at posttest. In a three-month follow-up, EMDR participants scored significantly better than routine individual treatment participants on two of the four measures, with large effect sizes suggestive of clinical significance. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Self Efficacy Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

310. Parker, A., Relph, S., & Dagnall, N. (2008, January). Effects of bilateral eye movements on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information. Neuropsychology, 22(1), 136-145. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.1.136.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Two experiments are reported that investigate the effects of saccadic bilateral eye movements on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information. Experiment 1 compared the effects of bilateral versus vertical versus no eye movements on tests of item recognition, followed by remember-know responses and associative recognition. Supporting previous research, bilateral eye movements enhanced item recognition by increasing the hit rate and decreasing the false alarm rate. Analysis of remember-know responses indicated that eye movement effects were accompanied by increases in remember responses. The test of associative recognition found that bilateral eye movements increased correct responses to intact pairs and decreased false alarms to rearranged pairs. Experiment 2 assessed the effects of eye movements on the recall of intrinsic (color) and extrinsic (spatial location) context. Bilateral eye movements increased correct recall for both types of context. The results are discussed within the framework of dual-process models of memory and the possible neural underpinnings of these effects are considered. [PsycINFO]

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

311. Goodwin, D., Banner, L., & Hayward, R. (1995, June). Effects of EMDR in treating erectile dysfunction measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The experimenters seek to determine whether the reported anxiety-relieving effects of (EMDR) can be effectively applied to patients reporting erectile dysfunction and whether the expected changes in levels of anxiety can be measured as a function of changes in brain function observed through MRI tracings. The MRI is well suited to reflect hypothesized changes in the lowering of sympathetic arousal and the increasing of parasympathetic arousal as a response to EMDR procedures. This investigation, using the MRI brain scanning procedures was followed in stages of (1) establishing criteria for the radiological determination of characteristics of brain function measured with the MRI that descriminate between levels of experimentally induced anxiety and (2) conducting an experimental investigation of the application of EMDR while patients are undergoing the MRI scanning protocol. Psychological measures include the Personality Assessment Inventory(PAI) to screen for psychotherapy of subjects, the Impact of Events Scale(IOE), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI). Correlations between these scales and ratings of physiological changes are reported.

Keywords: Erectile Dysfunction MRI Scanning Protocol Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

312. Pagani, M., Hogberg, G., Salmaso, D, Tarnell, B., Nardo, D., Sundin, Ö., Jonsson, C., Soares, J., Aberg-Wistedt, A., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S.A., Hällström, T. (2007, October). Effects of EMDR psychotherapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in occupation-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Nuclear Medicine Communications, 28(10), 757-765. doi:10.1097/MNM.0b013e3282742035.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a derangement of mood control with involuntary, emotionally fraught recollections that may follow deep psychological trauma in susceptible individuals. This condition is treated with pharmacological and/or cognitive therapies as well as psychotherapy with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). However, only a very limited number of studies have been published dealing with work-related PTSD, and investigations on the effect of treatment on cerebral blood flow represent an even smaller number. Aim: To investigate the short-term outcome of occupation-related PTSD after EMDR therapy by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. Method: Fifteen patients, either train drivers suffering from PTSD after having been unintentionally responsible for a person-under-train accident or employees assaulted in the course of duty, were recruited for the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed on these patients both before and after EMDR therapy while they listened to a script portraying the traumatic event. Tracer distribution analysis was then carried out at volume of interest (VOI) level using a three-dimensional standardized brain atlas, and at voxel level by SPM. The CBF data of the 15 patients were compared before and after treatment as well as with those of a group of 27 controls who had been exposed to the same psychological traumas without developing PTSD. Results: At VOI analysis significant CBF distribution differences were found between controls and patients before and after treatment (P=0.023 and P=0.0039, respectively). Eleven of the 15 patients responded to treatment, i.e., following EMDR they no longer fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. When comparing only the eleven responders with the controls, the significant group difference found before EMDR (P=0.019) disappeared after treatment. Responders and non-responders showed after therapy significant regional differences in frontal, parieto-occipital and visual cortex and in hippocampus. SPM analysis showed significant uptake differences between patients and controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann 11) and the temporal pole (Brodmann 38) both before and after treatment. A significant tracer distribution difference present before treatment in the uncus (Brodmann 36) disappeared after treatment, while a significant difference appeared in the lateral temporal lobe (Brodmann 21). Conclusion: Significant 99mTc-HMPAO uptake regional differences were found, mainly in the peri-limbic cortex, between PTSD patients and controls exposed to trauma but not developing PTSD. Tracer uptake differences between responders and patients not responding to EMDR were found after treatment suggesting a trend towards normalization of tracer distribution after successful therapy. These findings in occupational related PTSD are consistent with previously described effects of psychotherapy on anxiety disorders. [PubMed]

Keywords: 99mTc-HMPAO Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

313. Pagani, M., Hogberg, G., Salmaso, D., Nardo, D., Jonsson, C., Danielsson, A.M., Engelin, L., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S. A., Hallstrom, T., & Sundin, Ö. (2006, September). Effects of EMDR therapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in Post-traumatic stress disorder. Presentation at the European Assocation of Nuclear Medicine Congress, Athens, Greece. European Journal of Nuclear Medical and Molecular Imaging, 33, S169.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a derangement of mood control with emotional trauma recollections that may follow psychological trauma. It is treated with pharmacological and cognitive therapies as well as with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). However, a limited number of studies have been published dealing with job related PTSD, and an even smaller number have assessed the effects of treatment on CBF. The aim of this study was to investigate the short term outcome of occupation based PTSD after EMDR therapy by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. Methods Fifteen patients suffering PTSD after having experienced a person under train accident or having been assaulted at work were included into the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed before and after EMDR therapy while listening to a script portraying the traumatic event. Tracer distribution analysis was performed at VOI level using a 3D standardised brain atlas and at cluster of voxel level by SPM and was subjected to an analysis of treatment as well as contrasted to a group of 27 subjects exposed to the same psychological trauma and not developing PTSD. Results Eleven of 15 patients responded to treatment, i.e. they did no longer fulfil the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD after EMDR. Overall VOI analysis showed significant differences between, both before and after treatment conditions and controls (p<0.05) but no effect of period, i.e. treatment. However, when contrasting responders to controls the significant group difference present after treatment disappeared, indicating a normalization effect due to successful EMDR treatment. SPM analysis showed significant uptake differences in orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann 11) and temporal pole (Brodmann 38) before as well as after treatment as compared to controls. A significant tracer uptake group difference present before treatment in uncus (Brodmann 36) disappeared after treatment while a significant difference appeared in lateral temporal lobe (Brodmann 21). No tracer uptake differences were found by SPM as an effect of treatment, nor between the 11 responders and controls. Conclusion Significant 99mTc-HMPAO uptake differences, mainly in peri-limbic cortex, between PTSD patients investigated before and after EMDR and subject exposed to trauma not developing PTSD were found. Differences between the tracer distribution in patients before and after therapy were not significant neither at SPM nor at VOI analyses but the latter showed at group level an effect of symptom remission on tracer distribution. The findings underscore the validity of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders and confirm the efficacy of SPECT in psychiatry. [EANM]

Keywords: 99mTc-HMPAO Distribution Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

314. Pagani, M., Hogberg, G., Salmaso, D., Nardo, D., Jonsson, C., Danielsson, A. M., Engelin, L., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S. A., Hallstrom, T., & Sundin, Ö. (2006, September-October). Effects of EMDR therapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Presentation at the European Assocation of Nuclear Medicine Congress, Athens, Greece.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: 99mTc-HMPAO Distribution Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

315. Wills, S. M., & Kraber, G. (2001, December). The effects of exposure-based therapy on attitudes about guilt in Vietnam combat veterans. Poster presented at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There has long been consistent agreement that guilt has both cognitive and affective dimensions. Cognitive components of guilt can be seen in the errors of logic and resulting faulty conclusions that trauma victims often make about their roles in traumatic events. The present investigation will present outcome data on the Changing Attitudes About Guilt in a group of Vietnam Combat Veterans who were treated in a 20-week program that included a combination of Cognitive Processing group therapy and individual Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). The ten veterans participated in a structured, time-limited trauma group in which they addressed issues peripheral to combat exposure in 20 weekly 90-minute group sessions. Each individual group member also underwent a minimum of theree individual EMDR sessions to process traumatic combat experiences. The Kubany Attitudes About Guilt Inventory was administered at the beginning of the group prior to EMDR sessions and again at the final session of group. Post-group follow up data is also included in this presentation.

Keywords: Combat Group Therapy Poster Veterans Vietnam

Accuracy Verified: Yes

316. Thieman, S. L. (2009). The effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on traumatized children. Prescott College, AZ. AAT 1465372.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The cost and benefits of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on children who have endured trauma was reviewed in an effort to answer the following question: can EMDR, an established therapeutic tool for trauma recovery with adults, address the needs of children who are experiencing the after effects of trauma? This literature review included research on the brain, repercussions of trauma, and the process of EMDR treatment. A case study of an eight year old boy attending a psychiatric day treatment program depicts both childhood trauma and EMDR treatment and indicates that EMDR was an effective treatment modality for this boy with a history of abuse and neglect. The client's drawings indicate a reduction and release of trauma following a session of EMDR. These findings are congruent with much of the available literature.

Keywords: Children Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

317. Nijdam, M., Olff, M., & Gersons, B. (2005, November). Effects of psychotherapy on neuropsychological performance in PTSD. Poster presented at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, ON.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Deficits in concentration and memory are some of the most persistent symptoms of PTSD. Although many studies have investigated neuropsychological deficits in different trauma populations with and without PTSD, no study to our knowledge has looked carefully at improvement of neuropsychological functioning after psychotherapy. In the present study, we randomly assigned individuals to either Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy (n=60) or Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy (BEP; n=60). Attention and memory were investigated before and after treatment using the following neuropsychological tests: Trail Making Test, STROOP task, Verbal Learning and Memory Test and Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. Different versions of the memory tests were administrated at pre- and postassessment in order to control for learning effects. Preliminary results of treatment completers are presented, and the clinical relevance of the findings is discussed.

Keywords: Neurobiological Performance Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

318. Taylor, J. E., & Harvey, S. T. (2009, September-October). Effects of psychotherapy with people who have been sexually assaulted: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(5), 273–285. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.03.006.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper presents the results of a meta-analysis of the treatment outcome studies of different types of psychotherapeutic approaches for sexual assault victims experiencing PTSD or rape trauma symptoms. There were 15 outcome studies identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis dating from 1988–2005, and these studies comprised 25 treatment conditions. Separate meta-analyses were conducted according to study design (independent samples and repeated measures), in keeping with meta-analytic conventions. The overall results for the two meta-analyses were highly consistent, and effect sizes were in the large range for independent samples (g=.91) and repeated measures treatments (g=.90). Effects were maintained at follow-up from 6–12 months after treatment. Studies represented diverse treatment approaches, and most treatments were effective in improving outcome according to symptom reduction. A number of moderating variables were examined. Better outcomes were achieved with individual therapy compared to group approaches. The use of semi-structured approaches and homework techniques were positively related to the magnitude of effect size. [Science Direct]

Keywords: Meta-analysis Outcome Rape Sexual assault Therapy Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

319. Largo-Marsh, L. K., & Spates, C. R. (2002, December). The effects of writing therapy in comparison to EMD/R on traumatic stress: The relationship between hypnotizability and client expectancy to outcome. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 33(6), 581-586. doi:10.1037//0735-7028.33.6.581.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Many psychologists encourage clients to engage in journal writing to supplement individual psychotherapy. Empirical evidence supports the use of writing when targeted at traumatic memories. The most thoroughly researched writing strategy suggests that writing is most effective when it targets a specific memory along with the emotional components of that memory. Effective writing therapy is thus procedurally similar to effective exposure therapy for fear and traumatic memories. This investigation examined structured writing as a self-contained treatment by comparing it to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and it was found to be effective. [Adapted from Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Therapeutic Writing Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

320. Pagani, M. (2010, Settembre). Effetti neurobiologici della psicoterapia del trauma [Neurobiological effects of psychotherapy of trauma]. In L. Ostacoli (Proponente) L'EMDR: Un Approccio psicoterapico a Ponte psiche TRA neurologia e, Simposio condotto presso XII Congresso Nazionale della Sezione di Psicologia Clinica e Dinamica, Torino, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Keywords: Neurobiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

321. Ruozzi, A. (2002). Efficacia dell'EMDR nella psicoterapia del PTSD e dei ricordi traumatici [Effectiveness of EMDR psychotherapy on PTSD and traumatic memories]. Retrieved from http://www.psicotraumatologia.com/pubblicazioni_psicotraumatologia_italiane.htm on 10/13/2012.

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
L’EMDR inoltre progredisce su altri due versanti: da un lato incorpora al suo interno spunti teorici ed applicativi provenienti da diversi paradigmi psicoterapeutici allo scopo di potenziare l’efficacia e la flessibilità (Shapiro, 1995); dall’altro lato, si cerca di applicare il metodo a disturbi che vanno oltre al PTSD. Attualmente nei differenti paesi del mondo le persone che hanno effettuato un training organizzato dall’EMDR Institute sono circa 30.000.In Italia i primi corsi sull’EMDR sono stati condotti nel febbraio 1999 e sono attualmente coordinati dall’Associazione EMDR Italia, a sua volta riconosciuta e patrocinata dalla EMDR Europe (Giannantonio, 2000). L’associazione ha sede a Milano e dispone di un sito internet: www.emdritalia.it. Il dibattito sull’efficacia di questo metodo è tuttora aperto e sono numerose e contrastanti le ricerche che si sono svolte su questo argomento. La questione ha assunto a tratti i toni dello scontro ideologico e sono subentrati anche problemi di carattere commerciale, un metodo che si propone come più efficace e più rapido nella terapia di alcuni disturbi psicologici non può non essere valutato come un rivale, soprattutto in una realtà come quella del Nord America dove le spese per la psicoterapia sono pagate dalle assicurazioni (Giannantonio, 2000). L’EMDR è uno dei metodi che vanta il maggior numero di conferme sperimentali nella psicoterapia del PTSD. Questo gli ha consentito nel 1995 di essere considerata “trattamento probabilmente efficace” (valutazione A/B) nella terapia del PTSD dalla Task Force on Psychological Intervention dell’American Psychological Association. Questa valutazione di efficacia è uguagliata solo dallo Stress Inoculation Training e dalle terapie basate sull’esposizione (Chambless et al., 1998). Gli studi prodotti sull’efficacia dell’EMDR sono numerosi (per una rassegna vedi Giannantonio, 2000), molti sono criticabili perché mal strutturati e con grossi problemi di validità. Esistono tuttavia una serie di studi ben organizzati che si sono dimostrati inattaccabili sul piano metodologico... Questi studi tuttavia commettono uno o più dei seguenti problemi: 1) Impiegano una o due sedute di EMDR con reduci del Vietnam forse anche a causa dell’equivoco suscitato dalla stessa Shapiro (1989) che riferiva risultati importanti nei confronti del PTSD con una sola seduta di EMDR nel 100% dei soggetti. Una tale concezione dell’EMDR non è quella più attuale e condivisa (Shapiro, 1995). 2) Trattano con l’EMDR solo uno o due episodi traumatici in soggetti che devono essere considerati “pluritraumatizzati” (Shapiro, 1999). La presente Tesi è divisa in due parti: nella prima di carattere essenzialmente bibliografico ho analizzato la letteratura esistente sull’EMDR e sul PTSD. Nel secondo capitolo descriverò il Disturbo Post-Traumatico da Stress analizzando i vari approcci teorici al problema del trauma. Nel terzo capitolo verrà analizzata la teoria dell’EMDR ovvero il modello esplicativo ritenuto più adeguato che fa riferimento alla “elaborazione accelerata dell’informazione”. Il quarto capitolo, che conclude la prima parte, riporta il protocollo standard di somministrazione dell’EMDR per adulti e adolescenti. Nella seconda parte viene riportata la descrizione della ricerca che si sta producendo in collaborazione con l’EMDR Italia che si propone di valutare l’efficacia dell’EMDR. Nel quinto capitolo viene descritto il disegno sperimentale. Nel sesto capitolo viene analizzato il metodo di campionamento e i presupposti di validità della ricerca. Nel settimo capitolo sono descritti i test che si è deciso di analizzare nel corso della presente tesi. Infine l’ottavo capitolo si concentra sull’analisi dei primi dati emersi dalla ricerca e sulle prime conclusioni.

EnglishSpanishArabicAlpha EMDR also progressing on two other fronts: on the one hand it incorporates theoretical insights and applications from different psychotherapeutic paradigms in order to enhance the effectiveness and flexibility (Shapiro, 1995), on the other hand, it tries to apply the method to problems that go beyond PTSD. Currently in different countries of the world, people who have a training organized dall'EMDR Institute 30.000.In Italy are about the first courses on EMDR have been conducted in February 1999 and is currently coordinated by the Association EMDR Italy, in turn recognized and sponsored by the EMDR Europe (Giannantonio, 2000). The association is based in Milan and has a website: www.emdritalia.it. The debate on the effectiveness of this method is still open and they are many and conflicting research that took place on this topic. The issue has assumed at times the tone of the ideological battle and were replaced also problems of a commercial nature, a method is proposed as a more effective and faster in the treatment of certain psychological disorders can not be assessed as a rival, especially in a situation such as North America where the cost of psychotherapy are paid by insurance (Giannantonio, 2000). EMDR is one of the methods which has the highest number of experimental confirmation in psychotherapy for PTSD. This enabled him in 1995 to be considered "probably efficacious treatment" (rated A / B) in the treatment of PTSD by the Task Force on Psychological Intervention of the American Psychological Association. This assessment of effectiveness is equaled only by the stress inoculation training and exposure-based therapies (Chambless et al., 1998). Studies on the effectiveness of EMDR are numerous products (for review see Giannantonio, 2000), many are questionable because poorly structured and serious problems of validity. There are however a number of well-organized studies that have proven resistant in terms of methodology: ...... These studies, however, have committed one or more of the following problems: 1) They use one or two sessions of EMDR with Vietnam veterans possibly because of misunderstanding caused by the same Shapiro (1989) who reported significant results against PTSD with a single session of EMDR in 100% of subjects. Such a conception of EMDR is not the most current and shared (Shapiro, 1995). 2) They deal with EMDR only one or two traumatic events in people who should be considered "pluritraumatizzati" (Shapiro, 1999). This thesis is divided into two parts: the first character essentially bibliographic I analyzed the existing literature on EMDR and PTSD. In the second chapter I will describe the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder analyzing the various theoretical approaches to the problem of trauma. In the third chapter we will analyze the theory of EMDR or the explanatory model deemed more appropriate that refers to the "accelerated processing of information." The fourth chapter, which concludes the first part shows the standard protocol of administration of EMDR for adults and adolescents. In the second part shows the description of the research that is being produced in collaboration with the EMDR Italy that aims to assess the effectiveness of EMDR. In the fifth chapter describes the experimental design. In the sixth chapter analyzes the sampling method and the conditions for validity of the research. In the seventh chapter describes the tests it was decided to analyze the course of this thesis. Finally, the eighth chapter will focus on early evidence from research and initial findings.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

322. Lee, C. (2006, May). Efficacy and mechanisms of action of EMDR as a treatment for PTSD. Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The first aim of this thesis was to describe the characteristics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to elucidate its place as a symptom disorder that sometimes develops when people are exposed to a traumatic event. The current major theoretical approaches to account for why some people who are exposed to trauma develop PTSD and the mechanisms by which this occurs were described. Three classes of theories were reviewed: conditioning/learning approach; information processing theories with a particular focus on the meaning of the trauma event; and biological models with an emphasis on recent neurocircuitry and neurochemistry models. Successful treatment approaches were then reviewed which indicated two major contenders for the most efficacious treatment for PTSD: traditional cognitive behaviour therapies (CBT) using either stress inoculation or prolonged exposure; and eye movement desensitisation and processing (EMDR). Prior to the first study (Lee, Gavriel, Drummond, Richards, and Greenwald, 2002), a review of the literature indicated equivalent effects for EMDR and CBT. There had been very few direct comparison studies and each had serious methodological flaws, particularly with respect to random assignment and treatment fidelity. Therefore, the first study ensured adequate attention to these areas and involved a direct comparison between the two procedures using a sample of 24 participants diagnosed with PTSD. EMDR and stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure were found to lead to similar symptom improvement at the end of treatment, apart from a slight advantage for EMDR on intrusion symptoms. Both treatments led to significantly greater symptom reduction than a wait list control condition. At follow-up, EMDR led to greater gains on both self-report and observer rated measures of PTSD and self-report measures of depression. Overall, the findings were similar to those described in previously published studies, with a suggestion that EMDR was slightly more efficient than the standard CBT approach. Given that the evidence suggested that EMDR was a more efficient treatment, it became critical to understand the underlying processes. A process study was undertaken that examined the responses of people with PTSD receiving EMDR treatment (Lee, Taylor, and Drummond, 2006). Guided by process studies of other treatments and theories that might account for why EMDR is effective, participants' responses were examined to see which models better accounted for symptom improvement. The main analysis tested whether or not the responses were consistent with processes that occurred during traditional CBT treatment, which prior research had identified as reliving, or whether they were more consistent with Shapiro's proposal that enhanced information processing occurs because there is a dual focus of attention (that is, the person simultaneously focuses on an external stimulus and on the traumatic memory) (Shapiro, 1995). The responses made by 44 participants were coded by an independent rater according to whether they were primarily reliving, distancing, affect or material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement occurred when the participant processed in a more detached or distant manner, whereas reliving responses were not associated with improvement. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggested that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that co-varied with improvement. The findings underscored a difference in the processes that underlie EMDR and traditional CBT. The major question left unanswered from this second study was what causes this distancing process? Competing views were that it was facilitated by eye movement; alternatively, the therapist's instructions to participants might have precipitated this distancing phenomenon. The third study tested these ideas by randomly assigning 48 participants to either an eye movement or a no eye movement condition under two types of therapist instructions (reliving or distancing). Participants recalled personal distressing memories, and measures of distress and vividness were taken after treatment and at follow up. Only the eye movements made a significant difference to people's level of distress. This conclusion appeared at odds with some of the previous literature that had tested the effects of eye movement on levels of distress. A meta-analysis of some of this research had suggested that there was no significant advantage of including eye movement in EMDR treatment unless the person had been diagnosed with PTSD. However, a close examination of this meta-analysis indicated some major methodological flaws in the computation; therefore, this was recalculated. The conclusion from this fourth study was consistent with study three in that EMDR with eye movement was found to lead to significantly greater improvement that EMDR without eye movement. The results of these four studies were then discussed in terms of their implications for the theoretical models presented in Chapter 1. Aspects of learning theory that might account for EMDR efficiency were discussed as well as the failure of this model to account for treatment gains following EMDR. Information processing models were seen to better account for some of the phenomena observed in EMDR and for the findings from the four studies. Some suggestions of how eye movements might facilitate improved information processing were presented. Finally, the relative merits of EMDR and CBT treatments were discussed and suggestions made for when to combine approaches. The conclusions highlight the point that EMDR appears to be the most promising treatment for PTSD.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

323. Kristjansdottir, H., Blondahl, M., Sigurosson, E., Sigurosson, J. F., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2011, August-September). Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in adults - Review. Presentation at the 41st EABCT annual conference, Reykjavík, Iceland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introduction: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) represents the form of psychotherapy which has the most research data to build on in the treatment of mental disorders for adults. Method: In this review we will introduce CBT and present the results of pertinent outcome research for mood and anxiety disorders. Efficacy at the end of the treatment will be discussed, as well as long term effectiveness and the efficacy of combined treatment with medication and CBT Results: The results of this review show that CBT is an effective treatment for mood and anxiety disorders; depression, dysthymnia, GAD, panic disorder, social phobia, OCD, PTSD and specific phobia. Results of follow-up studies also show that the efficacy of CBT lasts for a considerable time after the termination of treatment. CBT is more effective than other forms of psychotherapy except for behaviour activation and interpersonal therapy in treatment for depression and EMDR in treatment for PTSD. When CBT is compared with medication (SSRI) results reveal that CBT is as effective or more effective than medication. This is true except for the treatment of dysthymnia, especially when the long-term effects are considered. Results are contradictory regarding whether medication improves or reduces the efficacy of CBT, e.g., there are indications that the medication reduces the efficacy of CBT for some disorders, like panic disorder. Discussion: It is clear that CBT is an effective treatment for most common mental disorders. Side effects are almost never a problem and long-term success is a good. Further research is needed on combined treatment – CBT and medication. Conclusion: Numerous studies support the efficacy of CBT for common mood and anxiety disorders and its good long term effects.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Mood Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

324. Bumke, P. J., & Sodemann, U. (2010, July). The efficacy of EMDR in a new context: Some findings from the ACEH survey. Symposium (Carolyn L. Neunuebel, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Context: As a response to the Tsunami in 2004 the Aceh Project organized by TraumaAid and sponsored byTDH and the BMZ from 2007 to 2009 treated more than 3200 clients for psychic disorders related to traumatic experiences .The treatment was given by Indonesian therapists who against the background of a lack of local therapists trained in psychotraumatology had to be trained within the project under the auspices of TraumaAid. This combination of EMDR-Training and EMDR-Therapy in an extremely challenging context also offered an unique opportunity for a parallel and wide ranging monitoring and evaluation of the social and diagnostic parameters involved. Methodology: To guide the therapeutic process and to check on its long term efficacy 1200 adults and 1000 children were at the outset of their therapies asked to contribute detailed diagnostic data. While for adults the Hopkins Anxiety and Depression scales along with a 42-item Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was administered, children and adolescents up to age of 17 were given an adapted version of the CBCL. At the conclusion of their therapies 20 % of all respondents were rechecked with the same diagnostic scales, another group of 5 % again after 6 months. Results: The diagnostic data indicate a dramatic improvement after therapies that involved a range of therapeutic techniques including stabilising and EMDR protocols. The relation between diagnostic dimensions (intrusions, somatic reactions, social relations, expression of feelings and attention problems) and social factors (gender, age) was further explored.

Keywords: ACEH Survey

Accuracy Verified: Yes

325. Lohr, J. M., Tolin, D. F., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (1998, Winter). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Implications for behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 29(1), 123-156. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80035-X.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The commitment of behavior therapy to empiricism has led it to a prominent position in the development of validated methods of treatment. The recent development and rapid expansion of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a treatment that bears a resemblance to behavioral techniques and that has been proposed as an alternative to such techniques for numerous psychological disorders, raises important questions for the field of behavior therapy. In this article, we examine 17 recent studies on the effectiveness of EMDR and the conceptual analysis of its mechanisms of action. The research we review shows that (a) the effects of EMDR are limited largely or entirely to verbal report indices, (b) eye movements appear to be unnecessary for improvement, and (c) reported effects are consistent with non-specific procedural artifacts. Moreover, the conceptual analysis of EMDR is inconsistent with scientific findings concerning the role of eye movements. Implications of the empirical and theoretical literature on EMDR for behavior therapy are discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Aged Anxiety Disorders Behavior Modification Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Drug Therapy Health Care Utilization Literature Review Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

326. Penarreta, L. (2011, Mayo). Eficiencia del EMDR en la psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica para disminución de los síntomas emocionales adversos, y mejoramiento del proceso de recuperación en niños de 5 a 12 anos del servicio de cirugía del hospital de niños Baca Ortiz de Quito-Ecuador [Efficiency of EMDR in the psycho surgical reduction of adverse emotional symptoms, and improvement of the recovery process for children 5 to 12 years of service children's hospital surgery Baca Ortiz in Quito, Ecuador]. Universidad Central Del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Psicologicas, Instituto Superior de Postgrado, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Las ideas que las personas tienen de una cirugía están impregnadas de fantasías con una excesiva carga de ansiedad que impiden un adecuado control emocional y proceso de recuperación. Una intervención quirúrgica implica un desequilibrio biológico y psicológico que requiere que la persona vuelva a lograr su estabilidad. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo verificar que el método del EMDR (Desensibilización y reprocesamiento a través de movimientos oculares) es eficiente en la psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica logrando reducir estas ansiedades y temores en los niños de 5 a12 años del Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital de Niños Baca Ortiz que tendrán que enfrentar un acto quirúrgico. A través de la identificación de los recursos necesarios para hacer frente a cada una de estas situaciones, con el EMDR se procede a instalarlos usando estimulación bilateral y acoplándolos con la correspondiente creencia positiva permitiendo que el infante consiga una exitosa evolución pre y post-quirúrgica. Se trata de una investigación correlacional cuasi-experimental en la que se seleccionó una muestra infantil con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, que son infantes de 5 a 12 años que requieren ser operados, y que cumplan los criterios para el tratamiento con EMDR; donde se demuestra que el 100% de los niños estudiados presentan un alto nivel de ansiedad antes de la cirugía y que luego de aplicarse este método psicoterapéutico esta sintomatología disminuye llegando a niveles bajos, observándose una evolución favorable en su recuperación. Se considera por lo tanto que el EMDR es un método eficiente en la psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica infantil.

ABSTRACT. The ideas that people have about a surgery are impregnated with fantasies and an excessive burden of anxiety that impede an adequate emotional control and recovery process. Surgery involves biological and psychological imbalance that requires a person to be able to achieve stability again. The present work aims to verify that the method of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is efficient in reducing these pre surgical anxieties and fears in children patients from 5 to12 years old at Children's Hospital Baca Ortiz who will face a surgical procedure. Through the identification of resources needed to address each of these situations, EMDR is appropriate to install them using bilateral stimulation and coupling them with the corresponding positive belief allowing the child to get a successful development of pre-and post-surgical procedure. This is a quasi-experimental correlational research in which a sample was selected according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, infants that are 5 to 12 years who require surgery, and who meet the criteria for treatment with EMDR; which shows that 100% of the children studied, had a high level of anxiety before surgery and then applying this psychotherapeutic method these symptoms decreased to low levels, showing a favorable trend in his recovery. It is considered therefore that the EMDR is an effective method in child surgery preparation.

Keywords: Adverse Emotions, Hospital Baca Ortiz Surgery Preparation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

327. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & van der Meer, K. (1995). Eine neue entwicklung in der behandlung von angst und traumata: “Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)” [A new development in the treatment of anxiety and trauma: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie, 43(3), 226-233.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Dit artikel presenteert een nieuwe ontwikkeling op het gebied van de psychotherapie: Eye-Movement Desensibilisatie and Reprocessing (EMDR). Dit recent ontwikkelde procedure belooft snelle en effectieve behandeling van angst-gerelateerde klachten, met inbegrip van PTSS (DSM-III-R). In essentie leidt de therapeut een serie van snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen. EMDR vergemakkelijkt cognitieve veranderingen en blijvende daling van de angst. Zoals aangegeven door middel van onderzoek en geïllustreerd door casuïstiek, kan EMDR effectief te zijn in een sessie. Tot nu toe is er geen definitieve verklaring voor de effectiviteit van deze methode. [Auteur Abstract]

This article presents a new development on the field of psychotherapy: Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This recently developed procedure promises rapid and effective treatment of anxiety related complaints, including PTSD (DSM-III-R). In essence the therapist induces a series of rapid and rhythmic eye-movements. EMDR facilitates cognitive changes and lasting decrease of anxiety. As indicated by research and illustrated by case histories, EMDR can be effective in one session. Until now there is no definitive explanation for the effectiveness of this method. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adult Anxiety Disorders Dental Procedures Females Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

328. Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, F. (1999). Eine neue psychotherapeutische behandlungsmethode für patienten mit posttraumatischer belastungsstörung: EMDR. Behandlungsdurchführung und ergebnisse einer pilotstudie [A new psychotherapy treatment for patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: EMDR. Treatment implementation and results of a pilot study]. Psychomed, 11, 164-169 .

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Nicht erst seit dem Zugunglück von Eschede und den damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Medienberichten wird zunehmend auch in der Öffentlichkeit bekannt, daß psychische Traumatisierungen zu einer tiefen und anhaltenden Verletzung des Gefühls der persönlichen Sicherheit und Unverletzbarkeit führen können. Dies wird oft wie ein Riß im Selbstverständnis oder wie ein Zusammenbruch des persönlichen Weltbildes beschrieben. Plötzlich wird die Welt als bedrohlich erlebt. Der Betroffene fühlt sich schutzlos und ausgeliefert. Typische Symptome, die in der Folge von belastenden Ereignissen auftreten, sind Schlafstörungen und Alpträume, quälende Wiedererinnerungen, Ängste und situationsbezogenes Vermeidungsverhalten sowie erhöhte Schreckhaftigkeit und Konzentrationsstörungen. Normalerweise bilden sich diese Symptome innerhalb einiger Tage bis einiger Wochen zurück. Bleiben diese psychischen und psychosomatischen Beeinträchtigungen jedoch bestehen, so ist bei einem Vorliegen von länger als 3 Monaten eine Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung zu diagnostizieren. In den letzten Jahren wurde die Forschung über Traumafolgen erheblich intensiviert. Es wurden neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen, die dazu beigetragen haben, daß die psychotherapeutischen Verfahren zur Behandlung traumatisierter Menschen erheblich verbessert werden konnten. Seit vier Jahren behandelt die Abteilung Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie der MHH Menschen mit Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen im Rahmen einer Traumasprechstunde und erforscht die psychischen und biologischen Auswirkungen von Traumatisierungen. Epidemiologie Nach Ergebnissen einer Vielzahl von epidemiologischen Studien, ist die Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (Posttraumatic stress disorder, kurz PTSD) infolge von Traumatisierungen in der Kindheit oder im späterem Leben, eine in ihrer Häufigkeit und sozioökonomischen Bedeutung lange unterschätzte Erkrankung. Unter Zugrundelegen der Diagnosekriterien der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung nach DSM-III-R liegt die Lebenszeitprävalenz in den USA für beide Geschlechter bei 7,8 Prozent bis 12,3 Prozent, wobei etwa doppelt so viele Frauen betroffen sind wie Männer (5). Für die deutsche Bevölkerung gib es noch keine epidemiologisch gesicherten Prävalenzzahlen, aber die Bedeutung von "Traumatisierungen" für die Entstehung oder für die erhebliche Verschlechterung psychischer Störungen wird immer deutlicher. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist die lebhafte Diskussion in den Medien über die psychischen Folgen von Traumatisierungen für Unfallopfer und Rettungskräfte in der letzten Zeit. Die empirischen und klinischen Befunde zu Traumatisierungen in der Kindheit haben Egle, Hoffmann & Joraschky jüngst in einer Monographie zusammengestellt (1). Danach ist die Rolle von Vernachlässigung, Mißbrauch und Mißhandlung für eine Reihe von psychischen Störungen wie Selbstverletzendem Verhalten, Borderline-Störungen und Dissoziativen Störungen mittlerweile unstrittig und scheint auch für Subgruppen von Patienten mit Eßstörungen, Angststörungen, Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Somatisierungsstörungen von erheblicher Relevanz zu sein. Weit unterschätzt ist zudem die Häufigkeit von Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen infolge von Unfällen oder Einsätzen in Krisengebieten. 20 Jahre nach dem Vietnamkrieg leiden noch immer ca. 15 Prozent aller Vietnamkriegsveteranen an einer PTSD. Opfer von Gewaltverbrechen und Überfällen sowie auch Zeugen von Gewalttaten, wie z.B. Rettungspersonal und Feuerwehrangehörige, stellen eine weitere Risikogruppe für die Entwicklung einer PTSD dar.

Not since the train wreck of Eschede and the related media reports, is increasingly known to the public that psychological trauma can lead to a deep and persistent breach of the feeling of personal safety and invulnerability. This is often described as a crack in the self or as a breakdown of the personal worldview. Suddenly the world is experienced as threatening. The person concerned feels defenseless and delivered. Typical symptoms that occur as a result of stressful events are insomnia and nightmares, distressing recollections, fears and situational avoidance behavior and increased nervousness and difficulty concentrating. Usually these symptoms are back within a few days to a few weeks. But they remain psychological and psychosomatic disturbances exist, so with a presence of more than 3 months is a post-traumatic stress disorder to diagnose. In recent years, research on consequences of trauma was significantly intensified. It gained new insights that have contributed to the psychotherapeutic method for the treatment of traumatized people could be greatly improved. For four years, the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, MHH treats people with post-traumatic stress disorder in a trauma clinic and explores the psychological and biological effects of trauma. Epidemiology According to results of a large number of epidemiological studies, post-traumatic stress disorder (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD short) as a result of trauma in childhood or in later life, a decrease in frequency and socio-economic importance of long underestimated disease. Inter alia with the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder according to DSM-III-R lifetime prevalence in the U.S. is for both sexes at 7.8 percent to 12.3 percent, with about twice as many women are affected as men (5). For the German people give it no epidemiological prevalence data secure, but the meaning of "trauma" in the development or for the serious deterioration of mental disorders is increasingly clear. An example is the lively discussion in the media about the psychological consequences of trauma for victims and rescue workers in recent times. The empirical and clinical findings concerning traumatic experiences in childhood have Egle, Hoffmann & Joraschky recently compiled in a monograph (1). Then disorders the role of neglect, abuse and mistreatment for a number of mental disorders such as self-injurious behavior, borderline disorders and dissociative now undisputed, and appears to be for subgroups of patients with eating disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and somatization disorders is of considerable relevance. Also greatly underestimated the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of accidents or operations in critical areas. 20 years after the Vietnam War still suffer about 15 percent of Vietnam War veterans in a PTSD. Victims of violent crimes and robberies, as well as witnesses of violence, such as Rescue workers and firefighters, are another risk group for the development of PTSD dar.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

329. Artigas, L., & Jarero, I. (2005, March). El abrazo de la mariposa [The butterfly hug]. Revista de Psicotrauma para Iberoamérica, 4(1), 30-31.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
E.M.D.R. Son las siglas de Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, que se podría traducir como Desensibilización y reprocesamiento por medio de movimiento oculares. Se trata de un tratamiento psicoterapéutico innovador utilizado para tratar un amplio rango de patologías. Originalmente fue diseñado por F. Shapiro en 1987 para tratar el estrés postraumático y su eficacia fue probada experimentalmente para casos de abusos infantiles, violaciones, veteranos de la guerra de Vietnam y otros trastornos. Su éxito fue tan rotundo que se multiplicaron las investigaciones sobre su capacidad de curar otras patologías, demostrándose su utilidad en los trastornos que implican ansiedad, dolor crónico, duelos y fobias. Cientos de estudios de casos han sido publicados y la amplia investigación experimental realizada en EEUU y en Europa El abrazo Mariposa es una técnica de Auto control.

E.M.D.R. Stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, which could be translated as Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement. This is an innovative psychotherapy used to treat a wide range of pathologies. Originally designed by F. Shapiro in 1987 to treat PTSD and its effectiveness was tested experimentally for cases of child abuse, rape, veterans of the Vietnam War and other disorders. Its success was so resounding that multiplied the research on their ability to cure other diseases, proving its usefulness in disorders involving anxiety, chronic pain, grief and phobias. Hundreds of case studies have been published and extensive experimental research conducted in the U.S. and Europe The butterfly hug is a technique of self-control.

Keywords: Butterfly Hug

Accuracy Verified: Yes

330. Dworkin, M. (2006, June). El cuestionario EMDR v.6 de autoconocimiento para clínicos [EMDR v.6 questionnaire for self-awareness for clinicians]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Para comprobar un conocimiento creciente de cómo los estados antiguos y dependientes de memoria pueden ser activados; para poder valorar que es lo que proviene del clínico y qué proviene del cliente; para desarrollar estrategias relacionales de EMDR. Muchos problemas pueden ocurrir en la fase 1 cuando el cliente aporta información que suscita un arousal negativo; o en la fase 2, cuando el cliente tiene dificultades en entender los elementos de preparación o desea avanzar procesando el trauma de forma prematura; o en la fase 3, cuando existe un problema que subyace a la pieza de valoración. Muchas veces la información del cliente puede que no despierte un arousal negativo hasta llegada la fase 4, cuando el cliente está procesando activamente. Muchas veces, nuestros desencadenantes provienen de nuestros recuerdos antiguos. Estos recuerdos pueden ser explicitados; y otras veces siguen implícitos (memoria somatosensorial). Observando estos momentos en uno mismo puede ayudarle en la continuidad de un proceso productivo.

To verify an increased awareness of how ancient states and dependent memory can be activated, in order to evaluate what they from the clinician and what comes from the client to develop relational strategies EMDR. Many problems can occur in phase 1 when the client brings information that raises a negative arousal, or in phase 2, when the client has difficulties understanding the items you want to advance preparation or processing the trauma prematurely, or in phase 3, when there is a problem underlying the piece of assessment. Many times the customer information may not appeal to a negative arousal to arrival phase 4, when the client is actively processing. Many times, our triggers memories from our past. These memories can be made explicit, and sometimes they are implicit (memory somatosensory). Looking at these moments can help yourself in continuity of the production process.

Keywords: Clinicians Questionnaire Self-Awareness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

331. Molero-Zafra, M., & Perez-Marín, M. (2009, June). El duelo, la familia, el trauma y el EMDR: Analisis de un caso clínco [Grief, the family, trauma and EMDR: analysis of a clinical case]. Mosaico, 42, 28-35.

Language: Spanish

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
El objetivo de este articulo es mostrar como el acercamiento terapéutico del EMDR puede integrarse en la terapia familiar y narrative favoreciendo y potenciando su poder para restablecer el proceso de duelo. Para ello presentamos el análisis de una caso de duelo complicado tratado con protocolo de EMDR e incluido en un proceso terapéutico de terapia familiar y narrativa.

The aim of this paper is to show how EMDR therapeutic approach can be integrated into family therapy and narrative encouraging and enhancing their power to restore the grieving process. We present the analysis of a case of complicated grief treated with EMDR protocol and included in a therapeutic process of family therapy and narrative.

Keywords: Family Grief Narrative Therapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

332. Uribe, M. E. R., & Ramirez, E. O. L. (2006, Diciembre). El efecto de la terapia EMDR en el tratamiento de la información negativa en los pacientes que sufren depresión [The effect of EMDR therapy on the negative information processing on patients who suffer depression]. Revista Electrónica de Motivación y Emoción (REME), 9(23-24).

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Una investigación de las ciencias cognitivas sobre la depresión se presenta. En concreto, los pacientes con depresión mayor fueron obligados a participar en un proceso terapéutico que involucró la metodología EMDR (Eye Movement desensibilización y reprocesamiento) y los experimentos de facilitación afectiva, lo que demuestra el impacto terapéutico sobre el procesamiento emocional cognitiva acerca de la información pertinente negativo de eventos traumáticos. Los resultados mostraron un cambio significativo y también que hubo participantes que implementaron un filtro cognitivo para eliminar las palabras negativas autobiográficas. Además, se implementó un sesgo para facilitar el reconocimiento de los positivos, así como los estímulos negativos. En la sección de debate, las coincidencias entre las evaluaciones conscientes e inconscientes se analizan sobre la superación de la depresión en esta terapia.

A cognitive science research on depression is presented. Specifically, patients with mayor depression were required to participate in a therapeutic process which involved the EMDR methodology (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and affective priming experiments, which showed the therapeutic impact over the emotional cognitive processing about relevant negative information of traumatic events. Results showed a significant change and also that there were participants who implemented a cognitive filter to eliminate the autobiographic negative words. Further, it was implemented a bias to facilitate the recognition of positive as well as negative stimuli. In the section of discussion, coincidences between conscious and unconscious evaluations are analyzed about overcoming of depression under this therapy.

Keywords: Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

333. Uribe, M. E. R. (2006). El impacto de la aproximación psicoterapéutica EMDR en el procesamiento cognitivo de la información emocional en pacientes con depresión [The impact of EMDR psychotherapy approach in cognitive processing of emotional information in depressed patients]. Tesis doctoral no publicada, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico .

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:

Keywords: Butterfly Hug

Accuracy Verified: Yes

334. Rosental, V. (2008, Diciembre 16). El método de EMDR: Un cambio de paradigma [The method of EMDR: A paradigm shift]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=454 om 1/4/2009.

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack. The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency. He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack. The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency. He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability Trabajo desde hace años en esta profesión, la psicología, una especialidad que puede ayudar a muchas personas que sufren, que estoy investigando y encontrando nuevas maneras de dar a los pacientes alternativas que conduzcan a un cambio real. En este viaje tuve la oportunidad de explorar el mundo un poco más emocionante de la mente humana a través de un enfoque integrado que cambió mi paradigma de la psicoterapia. Me refiero a EMDR, basado en el modelo de procesamiento de información, una poderosa herramienta para aliviar el sufrimiento de los pacientes que nos consultan a tiempo para mantener sus logros. reprocesamiento de adaptación se lleva a cabo a nivel neurofisiológico que permite a la salud mental.

Working for years in this profession, psychology, a specialty that can help many people suffering, I am researching and finding new ways to give patients alternatives that lead to real change. In this journey I had the opportunity to explore a bit more exciting world of the human mind through an integrated approach that changed my paradigm of psychotherapy. I refer to EMDR, based on the information processing model, a powerful tool to alleviate the suffering of patients who consult us in time sustaining their achievements. Adaptive reprocessing takes place at a neurophysiological level that enables mental health. The letters called EMDR that mean in English: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, which translates as desensitization and reprocessing eye movement. It is a method to work emotional difficulties caused by traumatic events such as war, natural disasters, accidents, assaults, duels unprocessed disturbing childhood experiences as well as phobias, somatic diseases and disorders, anxiety and disruptive behavior.

Keywords: Practice, Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

335. Salvador, M. C. (2010). El trauma psicologico: Un proceso neurofisiologico con consecuencias psicologicas [Psychological trauma: A neurophysiological process with psychological consequences]. Revista de Psicoterapia, 20(80), 5-16.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
En este artículo se argumenta el impacto y las secuelas del trauma psicológico en el organismo y sus repercusiones a nivel neurofisiológico. El trauma psicológico, cuando se experimenta disociación, se registra en el sistema de memoria implícita y procedimental de manera somato-sensorial, manifestando alteraciones significativas en multitud de sistemas de funcionamiento fisiológico que posteriormente actúan como mecanismos de mantenimiento y recuerdo. Se presenta una base para el enfoque del trabajo terapéutico sobre los fenómenos fisiológicos como introducción y base al abordaje con técnicas neurofisiológicas como el EMDR y Brainspotting.

This article argues the impact and consequences of psychological trauma on the body and its impact on neurophysiological level. The psychological trauma when experiencing dissociation, is recorded in the system of implicit memory and procedural manner somatosensory, showing significant changes in many physiological functioning systems then act as maintenance mechanisms and memory. We present a basis for the focus of therapeutic work on the introduction and physiological phenomena based on the approach to neurophysiological techniques such as EMDR and Brainspotting.

Keywords: Neurophysiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

336. Uribe, M. E. R., & Ramírez, E. O. L. (2006, Diciembre). El uso del escalamiento multidimensional en el análisis del procesamiento adaptativo de la información mediante la psicoterapia EMDR, en personas con depresión [The use of multidimensional scaling in the adaptative processing information analysis through EMDR on subjects with depression]. Revista Electrónica de Motivación y Emoción (REME), 9(23-24). Retrieved from http://reme.uji.es/articulos/numero23/article4/article4.pdf on 4/5/2008.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La presente investigación enmarcada en el campo de la ciencia cognitiva de la emoción, se llevó a cabo en la práctica clínica mediante estudios de caso longitudinales con dos pacientes diagnosticadas con depresión mayor. Ellas participaron en un proceso terapéutico que involucró la aproximación EMDR (por sus siglas en inglés -Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing-) y en tres estudios de representación emocional depresogénica, cuyos datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de escalamiento multidimensional. Las gráficas obtenidas permitieron observar el impacto de la terapia en la organización en memoria a largo plazo de la información relacionada con sus experiencias traumáticas. Los resultados muestran que se confirmó la hipótesis y que sí se afectaron los niveles representacionales de la información emocional. En la sección de la discusión se hacen señalamientos interesantes sobre la integración de las herramientas de la ciencia cognitiva de la emoción a la práctica clínica.

A cognitive science research on depression is presented. Specifically, patients with mayor depression were required to participate in a therapeutic process which involved the EMDR methodology (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and affective priming experiments, which showed the therapeutic impact over the emotional cognitive processing about relevant negative information of traumatic events. Results showed a significant change and also that there were participants who implemented a cognitive filter to eliminate the autobiographic negative words. Further, it was implemented a bias to facilitate the recognition of positive as well as negative stimuli. In the section of discussion, coincidences between conscious and unconscious evaluations are analyzed about overcoming of depression under this therapy.

Keywords: Cognition Depression Emotion Multidimensional Scaling

Accuracy Verified: Yes

337. Grbesa, G., Stankovic, D., & Simonovic, M. (2008, June). Electrophysiological changes during EMDR treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Efficiency of the EMDR procedure is based on a presumption of neuropsychological changes in therapeutically process. The aim of the investigation is scanning and gives evidence of electroactivity changes, during the process and after finishing it. Method: We have recorded a continual polygraph EEG, before, in time and after EMDR therapy, in patient who had PTSD. Results: The EEG before treatment showed background activity low voltage 20-30 μV, 12-13 Hz frequency, bioccipital, without pathological activity. Patient had prominent vegetative symptoms (anxiety, heart rate 100/min). Background activity after treatment showed voltage about 50 μV, frequency dominant 12 Hz which showed reduction of anxiety, and reduction of vegetative disturbance.

Keywords: Electrophysiological Changes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

338. Grbesa, G., Simonovic, M., & Jankovic, D. (2010, April). Electrophysiological changes during EMDR treatment in patients with combat-related PTSD. Annals of General Psychiatry, 9(Supplement 1), S209. doi:10.1186/1744-859X-9-S1-S209.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
1st International Congress on Neurobiology and Clinical Psychopharmacology and European Psychiatric Association Conference on Treatment Guidance
Background Efficiency of the EMDR procedure is based on a presumption of neuropsychological changes in therapeutic process.The aim of the investigation is to scann and give evidence of electroactivity changes, during the process of EMDR procedure and after finishing it. Materials and methods We have recorded a continual polygraph EEG, before, during and after EMDR therapy, in patient with combat-related PTSD. Results Before the treatment, EEG recorded basic activity of low voltage (attenuation) of 20 μV, frequency of beta range (17-26 Hz), bioccipital, with no pathologic activity. Patient had prominent vegetative symptoms (anxiety, heart rate 100/min). Background activity immediately after the treatment records the amplitude values of around 50 μV, frequency of around 11-12 Hz. After the end of the treatment background activity possesses the amplitude value of about 37 μV, holding the persistence in frequency. Conclusions If the EMDR treatment is successful, sudden increase of amplityde activity is noted imensly. This sharp border line, which signifies normal activity, appears in 2-3 seconds affter the desensitize phase. The investigation suggest that from neurophysiological point of view, cortex (in EMDR procedure), works according to the principle "all or nothing". If there is processing of traumatic memory, the activity gets completly normal. If the therapy is not successful, there are numerous artefacts, because of increased muscle activity. This kind of activity, in our investigation is marked as "Artefact therapy". The results, indicate maintaining low level of amplitude values of electrocortical activities during the treatment, as well as increase after successful treatment. The increase of amlitude is corelated to decrease of anxiety after the successful treatment. Acknowledgements The results, indicate maintaining low level of amplitude values of electrocortical activities during the treatment, as well as increase after successful treatment. The increase of amlitude is corelated to decrease of anxiety after the successful treatment. References EEG Asymmetry and its Clinical Correlates in PTSD, Steven Silverstein, Stewart Shankman Lea Williams, Patrick Hopkinson, Richard Bryant

Keywords: Combat Electrophysiological Change Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

339. Hamilton, T. J. (2002). Embracing the frightened inner child through the process of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). University of New Hampshire.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: Inner child

Accuracy Verified: Yes

340. Tripolt, R. (2012, June). EMDR in Motion. Using movement and body oriented therapeutic interweaves for complex trauma and dissociative symptoms [EMDR en movimiento. Usar el movimiento y la terapia orientada al cuerpo para traumas complejos y síntomas disociativos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
"The Body Keeps the Score" (B. v.d. Kolk, 1996) Clients who suffer from traumatic stress are often afraid about disturbing and painful somatic symptoms. Structural dissociation alienates from body reactions. Nevertheless it is the body that "holds" the discomfort and painful memory of neglect and violence. Trauma Survivors tend to perceive their body as hostile. They suffer from Alexithymia deficiency of interpreting the meaning of body reactions and muscle activation. Trauma Survivors are easily irritated and tend to react with rage on very slight provocations and freeze when they are frustrated. Even minor problems cause fear and helplessness. The Polyvagal Theory (S. Porges 2010) proves the neurological aspect of behavioral patterns. Neurozeption describes how we perceive others in a neurological way. Certain behavioral patterns are established through life experiences. This research underlines Francine Shapiros AIP model and confirms the importance of a body orientated approach. We know that experiencing the effect of eye movement -‐ and other bilateral stimulation, is a gentle and powerful way to bring the voice of the body into the therapeutic space. EMDR helps to integrate cognitive, emotional and body sensations. Using movement and body orientated skills in difficult processes f.e. with severely and/or early traumatised clients, even enhances the effect of EMDR. Content of the Workshop: Short theoretical implications: Polyvagal Theory and AIP Model. Stabilisation and Movement -‐ creating a „Moving Container“: How to create a safe place of relationship and attachment between the client and the therapist by using movement and bodywork? The body is the most powerful resource: How to use movement to access this power. How to recognize and dissolve dissociation by body and movement awareness. EMDR Process and Movement : How to widen the „window of tolerance“ by using movement and deeper levels of body consciousness. Adding a fourth level of attention to the EMDR process: cognition -‐ emotion -‐ body scan -‐ movement. Movement and reflex feedback as interweave technique in difficult processes. Methods used in the Workshop: Lecture and Video Presentation. Practical demonstration of some movement orientated techniques. Discussion.

“El cuerpo lleva la cuenta” (B. v.d. Kolk, 1996), los clientes que sufren de estrés traumático tienen a menudo miedo sobre sus síntomas somáticos preocupantes y dolorosos. La disociación estructural aliena las reacciones del cuerpo, sin embargo es el cuerpo el que “mantiene” el disconfort y el recuerdo doloroso de negligencia y violencia. Los supervivientes a un trauma suelen tender a percibir su propio cuerpo como hostil. Sufren de Alexitimia, deficiencias para interpretar las señales corporales y la activación muscular. Son fácilmente irritables y tienden a reaccionar con ira, con leves provocaciones y se “congelan” cuando están frustrados. Incluso problemas de fuerza menor causan miedo y desesperanza. La teoría polivagal (S. Porges 2010) prueba el aspecto neurológico de los patrones de comportamiento. La neurocepción describe cómo percibimos a los otros desde un punto de vista neurológico. Ciertos patrones de comportamiento están establecidos a través de las experiencias vitales. Esta investigación se basa en el modelo SPIA de Francine Shapiro y confirma la importancia del enfoque orientado al cuerpo. Sabemos que al experimentar el efecto de la estimulación ocular, y otras estimulaciones bilaterales, es un camino poderoso y suave para traer la voz del cuerpo dentro del espacio terapéutico. EMDR facilita la integración cognitiva emocional y corporal. Usar el movimiento y las habilidades orientadas al cuerpo en los procesos difíciles con clientes traumatizados, severamente o tempranamente, incluso amplifica el efecto terapéutico del EMDR Contenido del taller: Implicaciones teóricas: Teoría Polivagal y modelo SPIA Estabilización y movimiento – Crear un “recipiente de movimiento” Cómo crear un lugar seguro en relación al apego entre el cliente y el terapeuta usando movimiento y trabajo corporal. El cuerpo es el recurso más poderoso: Cómo usar el movimiento para acceder a este poder. Cómo reconocer y disolver la disociación en el cuerpo y la atención al movimiento. Procesamiento EMDR y movimiento: Cómo ampliar la "ventana de tolerancia" mediante el uso de movimientos y niveles más profundos de la conciencia del cuerpo. Añadir un 4 nivel de atención al procesamiento de EMDR: Cognición-‐Emoción-‐ Escáner corporal-‐movimiento.

Keywords: Body Oriented Therapeutic Interweaves

Accuracy Verified: Yes

341. Staff. (2002, February). EMDR. The Harvard Mental Health Letter, 4-5.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Mental health professionals often disagree about some aspect of psychotherapy, but it’s rare for these disputes to be as prolonged and intense as they have been in the case of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This unconventional technique, developed by the American psychologist Francine Shapiro, was originally intended for the treatment of traumatic stress reactions and anxietyprovoking memories.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

342. Smyth, N. J., & Rogers, S. (2002, June). EMDR & cognitive behavior therapy: Exploring shared and distinctive active components. Open discussion at the Society for Psychotherapy Research International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There has been extensive debate about the active treatment components involved in Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR); one commonly stated perspective is that EMDR is simply a repackaged cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). This discussion will explore the active components of EMDR and CBT for the treatment of PTSD. In order to provide a shared context for discussion, it will begin with a brief overview of the interventions (EMDR, Exposure, Stress Inoculation Therapy), including some video clips of the interventions. Following this, key questions will be presented for discussion by the entire group, such as: "What shared components are evident?" "What research designs would be appropriate to evaluate components?" "What process and outcome measures might be included to shed light on mechanisms?" Participants will be also encouraged to offer their own questions for discussion.

Keywords: Cognitive Behavior Therapy Integrative Treatment Models Open Discussion Psychotherapy Mechanisms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

343. Albers, J. (2008, June). EMDR & cue exposure – How cue exposure catalyses the effectiveness of the EMDR protocol to diminish craving. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A structured six-session group therapy has been developed for overcoming craving. Treatment is based upon a standard EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure techniques. The EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure catalyses the recovery process as follows: In the very beginning the participants are taught a set of three ideodynamic resources for coping with the urge to drink. Then they are exposed to alcohol until the urge to drink reaches it´s peak. At this moment they are taught to initialize the standard EMDR protocol - with continued exposure to alcohol. Subsequently, the power of desensitisation and reprocessing followed by one ideodynamic strategy influences the intensity of craving significantly. Craving symptoms diminish and finally disappear. In addition to that new experience the clients acquire greater and deeper knowledge about their personal drinking triggers. They also find out which strategy is the most effective one for each specific trigger. A strategy, which works well with one trigger, may not work with a different one. Workshop participants will learn the system of using cue exposure as a powerful cognitive interweave. This program is designed to improve the treatment of various types of addiction, such as gambling, etc. and can easily be integrated into existing EMDR treatment strategies.

Keywords: Cue Exposure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

344. Herbert, C. (2008, June). EMDR & positive psychology. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There has been increasing academic interest and growth in the field of Positive Psychology in recent years. Despite this, applied Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry and much of therapeutic practice and academic research in Europe remains focused on the diagnosis and treatment of pathology and dysfunction and the reduction in symptoms frequently used as the sole outcome measure. Most of EMDR research and practice also follows this pattern. While, achievement of symptom relief is clearly of great importance, often especially situations, which confront individuals with great inner pain, such as a life crisis or present or past trauma, have the potential to move a person into a process of enormous inner growth and positive life development. People can become more authentic, accepting and loving of themselves. This, in turn, frequently, has a very positive effect on people’s functioning in life, including improvements in their interpersonal relationships, feelings of inner happiness and greater contentment and fulfilment. This workshop introduces concepts and findings from the field of Positive Psychology and explores how these can be incorporated into the practice of EMDR to facilitate positive inner growth, the development of a more authentic Self and help individuals attain greater, personal meaning in their lives.

Keywords: Positve Psychology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

345. Burdett, C. (2010, March). EMDR & the law. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Shapiro (2001) notes that, “if a crime victim, witness or police officer is being treated for a critical incident, it is essential to establish whether a legal deposition or any specific kind of trial testimony is or may be required of the individual”. Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing can affect the memory process. For this reason, it is important to discuss with the client, and with any lawyers or police officers involved, how testimony might be affected. The EMDR therapist must make clear to all concerned the potential effects of giving treatment and delaying treatment. The client, lawyers and other interested parties can then reach a decision on how to proceed. The therapist needs to understand the legal implications of their actions if they are asked to provide treatment under these circumstances. They also need knowledge of the procedures involved and of the way these differ between civil and criminal cases. These procedures will also differ between countries. The dilemma can be the conflict between the client’s best interests and the upholding of the law. Reference: Shapiro F (2001), Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing, 2nd Edition, Guilford Press NY, p98

Keywords: Law Court Cases

Accuracy Verified: Yes

346. Korn, D. (2010, April). EMDR & the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect: EMDR aanpassingen voor disregulatie bij Complexe PTSS [EMDR adaptations dysregulation in complex PTSD]. Keynote presented at the 4th EMDR Association Netherlands Conference, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Wanneer clienten met vroege, chronische traumatisering door middel van EMDR behandeld worden, moet de therapeut vaak als een soort ‘psychobiologische regelaar’ functioneren, om ervan verzekerd te zijn dat cliënten binnen hun Window of Tolerance blijven. De EMDR therapeut dient daarvoor actief te zijn in het bepalen van het optimale tempo van het verwerkingsproces gedurende de EMDR zitting. Dit is van belang om toegang te kunnen krijgen tot de eerder gedissocieerde kennis, gedragsmatige impulsen, gevoelens, en/of sensaties, en deze te kunnen blijven verdragen. De therapeut moet in staat zijn de signalen van disregulatie (bv hyper/hypo-arousal, bevriezen, dissociëren) te herkennen en door middel van specifieke interweaves erop in te kunnen spelen, om de cliënt in het proces te houden en te helpen met het verwerken van diverse aspecten met betrekking tot verantwoordelijkheid, veiligheid en keuze. Deze keynote zal een kader neerzetten voor het werken met complexe PTSS en disregulatie. Een aantal specifieke technieken, gericht op het omzeilen van therapeutische valkuilen bij deze chronisch getraumatiseerde cliënten, zullen kort worden besproken. Dit zal verduidelijkt worden door middel van opnames van EMDR sessies waarin er van moment tot moment de interacties tussen de therapeut en de cliënt geanalyseerd zullen worden. In de eendaagse workshop op de maandag na het congres zal veel uitvoeriger ingegaan worden op de ‘hoe, wat, wanneer en waarom vragen’ in de behandeling van Complexe PTSS.

When clients with early, chronic trauma treated by EMDR, the therapist often as a kind of 'psychobiological regulator "function, to satisfy itself that its customers remain within their Window of Tolerance. The EMDR therapist is therefore to be active in determining the optimal pace of the process during the EMDR session. This is important in order to be granted access to the previously dissociated knowledge, behavioral impulses, feelings, and/or sensations, and to continue to bear. The therapist should be able to dysregulation of signals (e.g. hyper / hypo-arousal, freezing, dissociate) to recognize specific interweaves through it in order to respond to the client in the process to keep and help in processing various aspects of responsibility, security and choice. This keynote will provide a framework drop for working with complex PTSD and dysregulation. Some specific techniques designed to circumvent these therapeutic pitfalls in chronically traumatized clients, will be briefly discussed. This will be clarified by means of recordings of sessions in which EMDR is from moment to moment interactions between therapist and client will be analyzed. The one-day workshop on the Monday after the congress will be much more detailed presentation on the 'how, what, when and why questions "in the treatment of Complex PTSD.

Keywords: Abuse Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Keynote Neglect

Accuracy Verified: Yes

347. Bonstein, U. (2008, March). EMDR היבטים היפנוטיים בשיטת [Hypnotic Aspects of EMDR method/Professor Oren Kaplan]. Israel Society of Hypnosis, Ramat Gan, Israel.

Language: Hebrew

Format: Other

Abstract:
תרגום לאנגלית של עברית: המאמר בוחן את ההיבטים שיטת Hhifnotim - EMDR. אין ספק כי ה-EMDR אינו היפנוזה סמכות פורמלית. אם EMDR היא סוג של היפנוזה, ואז זה היפנוזה Arixoniani טבע, מתירנית פתוח. זה פותח את האפשרות עבור מטופלים אשר מתקשים תהליך היפנוזה פורמלית בעיניים עצומות (לרוב בשל קושי או פחד מאובדן שליטה) כדי היפנוזה "EMDR" בעיניים פקוחות מתוך אשליה כי זה לא ממש טראנס היפנוטי. גם אם ה-EMDR אינו היפנוזה יש בהחלט אלמנטים רבים ההופכים מערכת משפחתה תופעות המצב הייחודי מודעות מערכת שמשתמשת בעקרונות של תקשורת היפנוטית - סוגסטיבי. המאמר עוסק גם את המגבלות והסכנות של זה שייך

The article examines aspects Hhifnotim method - EMDR. There is no doubt that EMDR is not hypnosis formal authority. If EMDR is a form of hypnosis, then it is hypnosis Arixoniani nature, open permissive. This opens the possibility for patients who find it difficult to process a formal hypnosis with eyes closed (usually due to difficulty or fear of losing control) to "EMDR hypnosis" with open eyes from the illusion that this is not really a hypnotic trance. Even if EMDR is not hypnosis has certainly many elements that make her family system phenomena unique situation awareness system that uses the principles of hypnotic communication - suggestive. The article also discusses the limitations and dangers of this belonging.

Keywords: Hypnosis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

348. Heitzler, M. (2008, November). EMDR עם פסיכותרפיה הגוף [EMDR with body psychotherapy]. לגוף עיניים - Models for EMDR treatement with Enhanced Focus on the Body, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Language: Hebrew

Format: Conference

Abstract: Heitzler introduces the principles and techniques Moorish combination of EMDR psychotherapy through the body. Lecture rich clinical examples illustrating the combination of the tools of both methods.

Keywords: Body Psychotherapy Moorish Combination

Accuracy Verified: Yes

349. Faretta, E. (2008, Settembre). EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) e la trasformazione delle esperienze traumatiche: Applicazioni cliniche in ambito psicoterapeutico [EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) and the transformation of traumatic experiences: Clinical applications in the field of psychotherapy]. In T. Farma (presidente), Il modello psicotraumatologico: Un ponte TRA indicatori neurobiologici e Psicoterapia. Simposio condotto in occasione della riunione della Society for Psychotherapy Research, Modena, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Keywords: Symposium Trauma

Accuracy Verified: No

350. Shapiro, F., & Sherwel, C. (2004). EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing): Desensibilizacion y reprocesamiento por medio de moimiento ocular [EMDR (Eye Movement desensitization and reprocessing): Desensitization and reprocessing of eye movement]. México: Pax México.

Language: Spanish

Format: Book

Abstract:
En tan solo unos cuantos años, el modo EMDR se ha convertido en el tratamiento más elaborado para el desorden de estrés postraumático (entre otras perturbaciones). El método EMDR es un tratamiento legítimo y poderoso. Modelo integral y eficiente en el tratamiento de experiencias perturbadoras, el método EMDR incorpora diversos aspectos de terapias sistémicas, psicodinámicas, experienciales, conductuales y corporales. Consiste en ocho fases que comprenden el uso de movimientos oculares y otras formas de estimulación izquierda-derecha. Es eficaz para tratar el desorden de estrés postraumático y reprocesar pensamientos y recuerdos perturbadores o problemas psicológicos de sobrevivientes de traumas, de abuso sexual, de crímenes, de combate bélico, así como de fobias y desórdenes causados por experiencias vivenciales y proporciona en poco tiempo efectos clínicos profundos y estables. Con descripciones y transcripciones detalladas, la autora guía al clínico por cada etapa del tratamiento terapéutico, desde la selección de los clientes hasta la aplicación del método y su integración dentro de un plan integral de tratamiento clínico. Escrito de manera accesible, este libro es una guía invaluable tanto para los clínicos experimentados en el tratamiento EMDR como para las personas que acaban de conocer el método, y para los estudiantes avanzados de psicología clínica y psicoterapia.

In just a few years, how EMDR has become more elaborate treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (in other disturbances). EMDR is a legitimate and powerful treatment. Comprehensive and efficient model in the treatment of disturbing experiences, EMDR incorporates various aspects of systemic therapies, psychodynamic, experiential, behavioral and physical. It consists of eight phases that include the use of eye movements and other forms of left-right stimulation. Is effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and reprocess disturbing thoughts and memories or psychological problems of survivors of trauma, sexual abuse, crimes of war fighting, as well as phobias and disorders caused by life experiences and provides in a short time effects clinical deep and stable. With detailed descriptions and transcripts, the author guides the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, from selection of clients to the application of the method and its integration into a comprehensive clinical treatment. Written in an accessible, this book is an invaluable guide both for experienced clinicians in the EMDR treatment to people who just know the method, and for advanced students of clinical psychology and psychotherapy.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

351. Kavakci, O., Dogan, O., & Kugu, N. (2010, September). EMDR (Göz hareketleri ile fuyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme): Psikoterapide farklı bir deçenek [EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing): A different option in psychotherapy]. Düşünen Adam Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 195-205.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), son yıllarda oldukça ilgi çeken terapi yöntemlerinden biridir. Bu ilginin bir nedeni, özellikle Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) tedavisindeki etkinliğinin pek çok çalışma ile gösterilmiş olmasıdır. EMDR, bilgi işleme süreçlerini kolaylaştıran ve travmatik anı parçalarının bütünleşmesini sağlayan yenilikçi bir terapi yöntemidir. Bu yaklaşımla bilginin gelecekte daha iyi işlevsellik sağlayacak şekilde işlenmesi sağlanır. Son yıllarda, tedavi kılavuzlarında ve meta analizlerinde EMDR, önerilen tedaviler arasında belirtilmektedir. Travma ve sonrası bozuklukların görülme sıklığı oldukça yüksektir. Buna karşın, Türkçe alanyazında bu bozuklukların tedavi seçenekleri ile ilgili yayınlar oldukça sınırlıdır. EMDR’nin etki mekanizması henüz tam olarak aydınlanmamıştır. Shapiro bir uyumsal bilgi işleme modeli önermiştir. Daha sonra, çeşitli araştırmacılar laboratuvar ve görüntüleme yöntemlerine dayanan çeşitli nörobiyolojik modeller önermişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, EMDR ve sekiz evresi açıklanmış, bir olgu örneği, seans kayıtları ile sunularak uygulaması gösterilmiş ve bu tekniğin çalışma biçimi açıklanmış, etki mekanizması ile ilgili önerilen nörobiyolojik modeller özetlenmiş, Türkiye’de EMDR ile yapılan az sayıdaki yayın gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu tekniğin ruh sağlığı çalışanlarının uygulamalarına daha çok girmesi, hem uygulayıcıların psikiyatrik bozukluklar üzerindeki yetkinliklerini arttıracak hem de travma ve benzeri bozukluklardan yakınan hastalara hızlı iyileşme şansı verecektir.

In recent years, there has been an interest in using the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy. One of the reasons for this interest may be its effectiveness shown by numerous studies, especially, conducted with individuals who suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The EMDR is known to be an innovative approach that accelerates information processing and facilitates the integration of fragmented traumatic memories. This process is stated to allow better integration of the information that a person has to handle in the future. Recent practice guidelines and meta-analyses have designated the EMDR as a first-line treatment for trauma. Although the prevalences of trauma and trauma related disorders are high in Turkey, there has been a limited number of published studies highlighting treatment options. The EMDR’s mechanism of action has not yet been fully explained. Shapiro has proposed an adaptive information processing model. Later, based on laboratory and neuroimaging methods, a number of neurobiological models have been suggested. The present study explained the EMDR and its eight-phases. A case example with session records was provided to show the application and operation of the technique. After that, leading neurobiological models which attempt to explain the mechanisms of action of the EMDR were summarized. Finally, few studies conducted in Turkey using the EMDR were reviewed. Given the effectiveness of the EMDR regarding trauma and related disorders, the utilization of the technique by a broad number of mental health professionals may not only increase the professionals’ competency on psychiatric disorders, but also may provide patients suffering from these disorders a chance to recover in a relatively short period of time.

Keywords: Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

352. Parnell, L. (2001). EMDR - Der weg aus dem trauma: Über die heilung von traumata und emotionalen verletzungen [Transforming trauma: EMDR]. Paderborn: Junfermann Verlag GmbH & Co.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) hat Tausenden von Menschen geholfen, die von schrecklichen Mißbrauchserlebnissen oder von Traumata verfolgt wurden. Die neue Methode vermag auch Patienten zu helfen, bei denen andere Therapieformen versagt haben, darunter Menschen, die an chronischen Problemen wie Eßstörungen, Angstzuständen, einem schwachen Selbstwertgefühl, Depressionen und Störungen ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit leiden. EMDR bringt Millionen von Menschen neue Hoffnung, denen gesagt wurde, ihre Genesung werde sich wohl über ihr ganzes weiteres Leben hinziehen. Die EMDR-Therapie bettet die Technik der Augenbewegung in einen umfassenden Ansatz ein, durch den Informationen verarbeitet werden, die sich in unverarbeiteter Form in Körper und Geist des Patienten verkapselt haben. Dadurch werden die Betroffenen von belastenden Bildern und Körperempfindungen, bedrückenden Emotionen und Einschränkenden Überzeugungen befreit. Bei Anwendung dieser Methode tritt die Heilung nicht nur wesentlich schneller ein als in der traditionellen Therapie, sondern die Klienten erleben auch ein Gefühl der Freude, Offenheit und tiefen Verbundenheit mit anderen. Laurel Parnell veranschaulicht uns auf fesselnde Weise die Wirkung von EMDR. In ihren mutmachenden Heilungsberichten versetzt sie die Leser in die Psyche ihrer Klienten, wo die Traumata, die jene in der Vergangenheit erlebt haben, erstarrt sind. Die Autorin veranschaulicht auf sorgsame, persönliche und verständliche Weise, wie EMDR es Menschen ermöglicht, über das bloße Überleben eines traumatischen Erlebnisse hinaus zu einer Erfahrung des Wohlbefindens und der Ganzheit zu gelangen. Ein allgemeinverständlich geschriebenes Buch, das allen, die sich erstmals mit dieser neuen revolutionären Therapieform beschäftigen wollen, einen umfassenden Einblick über die Methodik, den Ablauf, die vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten und die ungezählten erfolgreich durchgeführten Therapien vermittelt: Informativ. Fesselnd geschrieben. Hoffnung auf Heilung vermittelnd. Ein idealer Einstieg in EMDR.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has helped thousands of people who were haunted by terrible abuse experiences or trauma. The new method can also help patients who have not responded to other therapies, including people who suffer from chronic problems such as eating disorders, anxiety, a low self-esteem, depression and disturbances of their capabilities. EMDR brings new hope to millions of people who have been told, their recovery will probably drag on through its entire life. The EMDR therapy embeds the technique of eye movement in a comprehensive approach that will be processed by the information, which have encapsulated in the natural state of body and mind of the patient. Thus the person concerned of incriminating images and body sensations, emotions and limiting beliefs are oppressive, free. In applying this method, the healing occurs not only much faster than in a traditional therapy, but the clients also experience a feeling of joy, openness and deep connection with others. Laurel Parnell are illustrated with fascinating way, the effect of EMDR. In its encouragement healing reports, they leave readers into the psyche of their clients, where the traumas, the former have experienced in the past freezes are. The author demonstrates in careful, personal and understandable way, such as EMDR allows people to reach beyond the mere survival of a traumatic experience also an experience of wellness and wholeness. A book, written in generally understandable to all, who would first deal with this revolutionary new form of therapy, provides a comprehensive insight into the methodology, process, the various applications and successfully executed countless therapies: Informative. written captivating. Hope for healing mediator. An ideal introduction to EMDR.

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

353. Hensel, T. (2003). EMDR - Eine neue behandlungsform für traumatisierte kinder, jugendliche und deren familien eine aufzeichnung der kindertagung [A new form of treatment for traumatized children, adolescents and their families - A recording of children's conference]. Video-Cooperative-Ruhr.

Language: German

Format: Video

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) ist die zur Zeit effektivste und schonendste Behandlungsform für Menschen mit durch Traumata bedingte Störungen, insbesondere einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung. Thomas Hensel stellt in diesem Workshop nach einer kurzen theoretischen Einführung in die Psychotraumatologie im Kindes- und Jugendalter verschiedene Praxisbeispiele mit EMDR-Behandlung vor. Mit Videoeinspielungen von drei unterschiedlichen Therapiesitzungen, wird die kindspezifische und altersgemäße Durchführung veranschaulicht (die Beispiele umfassen das Vorschulalter bis zum Jugendalter). Anschließend werden die Abläufe und weitere Aspekte erläutert (EMDR-Setting - Traumascore PROPS - Ressourceninstallierung etc.). An einem Beispiel zeigt Thomas Hensel die einzelnen Phasen des standardisierten EMDR-Verfahrens nach Francine Shapiro. Darüber hinaus wird an weiteren Praxisbeispielen verdeutlicht, dass EMDR als ein Element eines Gesamttherapieprozesses auch bei dysfunktionalen, verfestigten Zuständen wirksam ist (Albträume, Missbrauchserfahrungen, Lernbehinderung, Störungen des Sozialverhaltens). Thomas Hensel gibt diesem Workshop durch den Wechsel von Fallbeschreibungen und theoretischer Aufarbeitung (Folien, Publikumsnachfragen) eine sehr effektive Struktur und Impulse für die eigene Praxis. Die gezeigten Videoeinspielungen im Workshop sind Originalaufnahmen von Thomas Hensel.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is currently the most effective and gentlest form of treatment for people with disorders caused by trauma, especially post-traumatic stress disorder. Thomas Hensel is in this workshop after a short theoretical introduction to the psychological trauma in childhood and adolescence with several practical examples EMDR treatment before. With video recordings of three different therapy sessions, the child-specific and age-appropriate implementation illustrates (the examples include the pre-school age to adolescence). Then the processes and be more Aspects discussed (EMDR Setting - Trauma Score PROPS - Resources Installation etc.). Thomas Hensel an example shows the different phases of the standardized By Francine Shapiro EMDR method. Moreover, in further Practical examples illustrates that EMDR as an element of an overall treatment process even when dysfunctional, solidified states is effective (nightmares, Experiences of abuse, learning disabilities, conduct disorders). Thomas Hensel is this workshop through the exchange of case reports and theoretical work (slides, audience demands) a very effective Structure and ideas for their own practice. The video recordings shown in the workshop are original recordings of Thomas Hensel.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Families

Accuracy Verified: Yes

354. Shapiro, F. (1999). EMDR - Grundlagen und praxis: Handbuch zur behandlung traumatisierter menschen [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Basic principles, protocols, and procedures]. Paderborn: Junfermann Verlag GmbH & Co.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
EMDR ist eine zeitsparende, umfassende Methode zur Behandlung traumatischer Erfahrungen, die die Ursache vieler Pathologien sind. Als integratives Therapiemodell, das verhaltenspsychologische, kognitive, psychodynamische, körperorientierte und systemische Elemente umfaßt, ermöglicht EMDR, in relativ kurzer Zeit tiefreichende und stabile Resultate zu erzielen. Die EMDR-Behandlungssequenz, die acht Phasen umfaßt und Augenbewegungen sowie andere Methoden der Rechts-Links-Stimulation nutzt, hilft Trauma-Opfern bei der Aufarbeitung beunruhigender Gedanken und Erinnerungen. Dieses umfassende Basiswerk zum Thema EMDR gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung und Erforschung der neuen Methode und ist eine unverzichtbare Lektüre für alle Kliniker und Forscher, die sich für die Arbeit mit Trauma-Opfern interessieren.

EMDR is a time-saving, comprehensive method for the treatment of traumatic experiences, which are the cause of many diseases. As an integrative therapy model includes the behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, body-oriented and systemic elements, EMDR allows to achieve in a relatively short time, profound and stable results. The EMDR treatment sequence that includes eight stages, and uses eye movements as well as other methods of left-right stimulation helps trauma victims in the processing disturbing thoughts and memories. This comprehensive work based on EMDR provides an overview of the development and exploration of the new method and is an essential reading for all clinicians and researchers interested in working with trauma victims

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

355. Johannesson, K. B. (2011, June). EMDR - An integrative psychotherapy approach for working with trauma based disorders. Preconference presentation at the 12th annual meeting of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) Conference, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a trauma-focused method for treating PTSD and painful memories. The method integrates elements from several psychotherapeutic schools such as cognitive, behavioural, and psychodynamic orientations. Although there are elements of free associations during processing, the treatment follows a structured protocol with components of dosed exposure. The method has been noticed for its elements of bilateral stimulation; however it has been considered that several parts of the method contribute to its effectiveness. For a single traumatic experience, usually only a few sessions seem to be required even if in complex cases the length of treatment can become quite extended. In its original form EMDR was developed for adults, but the method can easily be adapted also for children. The first study was published in 1989 by Francine Shapiro, the inventor of EMDR, demonstrating that clients after three sessions of EMDR did not longer meet criteria for PTSD. Her publication was met by both interest and scepticism. Today EMDR is widely accepted and practiced by psychotherapists in many countries throughout the world. Guidelines from the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies recommend EMDR for the treatment of PTSD and British researchers have found that EMDR is equally effective as trauma-focussed CBT for chronic PTSD. This workshop will give an introduction to EMDR: explaining the theoretical model underlying the method, presenting the structure of a session, and discussing suggested mechanisms of action. In addition some case examples will be highlighted.

Keywords: Treatment Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

356. Johannesson, K. B. (2011, June). EMDR - An integrative psychotherapy approach for working with trauma based disorders. Pre-conference presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a trauma-focused method for treating PTSD and painful memories. The method integrates elements from several psychotherapeutic schools such as cognitive, behavioural, and psychodynamic orientations. Although there are elements of free associations during processing, the treatment follows a structured protocol with components of dosed exposure. The method has been noticed for its elements of bilateral stimulation; however it has been considered that several parts of the method contribute to its effectiveness. For a single traumatic experience, usually only a few sessions seem to be required even if in complex cases the length of treatment can become quite extended. In its original form EMDR was developed for adults, but the method can easily be adapted also for children. The first study was published in 1989 by Francine Shapiro, the inventor of EMDR, demonstrating that clients after three sessions of EMDR did not longer meet criteria for PTSD. Her publication was met by both interest and scepticism. Today EMDR is widely accepted and practiced by psychotherapists in many countries throughout the world. Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies recommend EMDR for the treatment of PTSD and British researchers have found that EMDR is equally effective as trauma-focussed CBT for chronic PTSD. This workshop will give an introduction to EMDR: explaining the theoretical model underlying the method, presenting the structure of a session, and discussing suggested mechanisms of action. In addition some case examples will be highlighted.

Keywords: Trauma-Based Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

357. Wejdsten, G. (2007, October). EMDR - Metoden [EMDR - method]. Goteborgs Universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, Sweden.

Language: Swedish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Den här uppsatsen handlar om EMDR- metoden. En psykoterapeutisk metod som syftar till att bearbeta minnen från traumatiska händelser och mildra de psykologiska konsekvenserna. Francine Shapiro utvecklade denna metod 1989 för behandling av trauma. Det påstås att 84- 100 % av dem som behandlas mot Post traumatisk stress syndrom med denna metod blir fria från symptom på endast 1-3 behandlingar. Shapiro påstår att metoden är effektivare än någon annan terapeutisk behandlingsmetod. Huvudsyftet med att välja att skriva om detta, var att införskaffa kunskap om EMDR- metoden i sin helhet. Om dess uppkomst och utveckling. Vem den tillämpas på samt hur den tillämpas och mål med metoden. Jag ville veta vad forskningen säger om metoden. Uppsatsen är främst en litteraturstudie. EMDR- metoden behandlas främst i kapitel 3. Nyckelord behandlas under stycket definitioner. I Teori- delen jämför jag EMDR- metoden med; Kognitiv terapi, Kognitiv beteende terapi och Psykodynamisk terapi. Jag gör det för att jag funnit likheter och skillnader dem emellan. Jag skriver också lite om studier och forskning om metoden. Jag har lärt mig och redovisar metodens uppkomst, utveckling, mål. Hur den tillämpas och på vad. EMDR har viss effekt i behandlingen av PTSD och detta är styrkt vetenskapligt. Det är inte styrkt vetenskapligt att EMDR skulle vara effektivare än andra psykoterapeutiska metoder. Många utövare har positiv upplevelse av EMDR- utbildning och utövande. De flesta anser det är av stor vikt att man har terapi erfarenhet som exempelvis psykolog innan man utövar EMDR- metoden. Detta är också ett krav om man vill gå utbildningen. Det är ej vetenskapligt klarlagt vilken del i behandlingen som är verksam. Det är inte bevisat vad ögonrörelserna eller alternativa stimuleringar har för effekt. EMDR sammanfogar komponenter från flera psykologiska inriktningar. PTSD är den huvudsakliga målgruppen. Man behandlar både barn och vuxna. Det saknas hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar av EMDR- metoden och mer forskning behövs om metoden. Främst för att kunna bevisa effektiviteten på andra symptom än PTSD, kostnadseffektiviteten och för att se om effekten av minskade symptom kvarstår på sikt, en lång tid efter behandlingen. En socionom får gå en EMDR- utbildning om man först läser till psykoterapeut.[Science Direct]

This essay is about EMDR method. A psychotherapeutic approach designed to process the memories of traumatic events and mitigate the psychological consequences. Francine Shapiro developed this method in 1989 for the treatment of trauma. It is claimed that 84 - 100% of those under treatment for post traumatic stress syndrome with this method is free of symptoms of only 1-3 treatments. Shapiro claims that the method is more effective than any other therapeutic treatment. The main purpose of choosing to write about this, was to acquire knowledge of the EMDR method as a whole. If its origin and development. Who it applies to and how it is applied and the objectives of the method. I wanted to know what research says about the method. The essay is primarily a literature review. EMDR method is mainly addressed in Chapter 3. Keywords treated under paragraph definitions. In theory, part I compare EMDR method, Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy. I do it because I found the similarities and differences between them. I also write a bit of study and research methodology. I have learned and identify ways the origin, development, goals. How it is applied and on what. EMDR has some effect in the treatment of PTSD and this is proven scientifically. It is not proved scientifically that EMDR is more effective than other psychotherapeutic methods. Many practitioners have positive experience of EMDR training and exercise. Most believe it is essential that you have other therapies, such as a psychologist before practicing EMDR method. This is also a requirement if you want to attend the program. It is not scientifically clear what part of the treatment that works. It is not proven what the eye movements or alternative stimuli has for effect. EMDR merges components from several psychological approaches. PTSD is the main target group. It treats both children and adults. The lack of health economic evaluations of EMDR method and more research is needed on the method. Mainly in order to prove the effectiveness of other symptoms than PTSD, cost effectiveness and to see if the effect of decreased symptoms persist over time, a long time after treatment. A social worker may go one EMDR training on first reading to the psychotherapist. [Science Direct]

Keywords: Behavioral Theory CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Cognitive Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

358. Zaro, S. (2013, March 12). EMDR - PEP in the sports arena. Examiner.com. Retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/article/emdr-pep-the-sports-arena 3/21/2013.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
JL: Over the past twenty years Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) has progressed from a technique that could be used within existing psychotherapy modalities such as psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive behavioral, integrative approaches to address symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR has evolved into a distinct integrative approach based upon Francine Shapiro’s, Ph.D., Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) which suggests that EMDR address dysfunctionally stored memory networks. Essentially this means that everything we learn whether it enters our sensory receptors through vision, hearing, taste, touch or smell becomes stored in our brains in a way it can be retrieved when needed and it adapts according to other information coming in through the environment. Learning occurs when new associations are created with material already stored in a persons memory. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Interview Jennifer Lendl Performance Enhancement Sports

Accuracy Verified: Yes

359. Zimmermann, P., Guse, U., Barre, K., & Biesold, K. (2005, Juni). EMDR - Therapie in der bundeswehr - Zurwirksamkeit untersuchung posttraumatischer belastungsstörungv [EMDR in the German armed forces - Therapeutic impact of inpatient therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder / EMDR]. Krankenhauspsychiatrie, 16(2), 57-63. doi:10.1055/s-2004-830275.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In dieser retrospektiven Studie 89 deutsche Soldaten, die als stationäre zur posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung behandelt wurden, zwischen 1998 und 2002 untersucht wurden. Nach einer mittleren von 29 Monaten mit Fragebögen They Were neu bewertet. Behandelt wurden 20 Patienten mit EMDR Konnte bis 14 Patienten mit einer unterstützenden Behandlung verglichen werden. Die Ergebnisse (Jes SOUTH. Voc) direkt nach der Behandlung und in der Langzeit-Follow-up waren deutlich überlegen in der EMDR-Gruppe im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen. Traumatisierte Soldaten in Out-of-area-Einsätze eher eine bessere als die kurzfristigen Ergebnisse Traumatisierte Soldaten in Deutschland haben. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, alle Rechte vorbehalten)

In this retrospective study 89 German soldiers being treated as inpatients for a posttraumatic stress disorder between 1998 and 2002 were investigated. After a mean of 29 months they were reevaluated with questionnaires. 20 patients treated with EMDR could be compared to 14 patients with a supportive treatment. The results (Isa. SUD. VoC) directly after treatment and in the long-term follow-up were significantly superior in the EMDR group compared to the controls. Soldiers traumatized in out-of-area missions tended to have a better short-term outcome than traumatized soldiers in Germany. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Empirical Study Inpatient Therapy Hospitalized Patients Longitudinal Study Military Veterans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Psychotherapy, Stress Quantitative Study Retrospective Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

360. Titze, M. (1997). EMDR - Unterstützte thematisierung bei psychodynamisch fundierten fokaltherapien [EMDR - Supported theming in-depth psychodynamic focal therapy]. In C. T. Eschenröder: EMDR. Eine neue Methode zur Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen (pp. 179-188). Tübingen: DGVT-Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Lange Zeit galt eine im Sinne der psychoanalytischen Standardmethode durchgeführte Langzeittherapie als qualitativ besonders hochstehend. Dabei ließ sich argumentieren, dass die entscheidenden Eckpfeiler des analytischen Prozesses (Erinnern, Wiederholen, Durcharbeiten) einer zeitaufwendigen Methodik (freie Assoziation, "gleichschwebende Aufmerksamkeit" und regressionsfördernde Zurückhaltung / Schweigen des Analytikers, Übertragungs- und Widerstandsdeutungen usw.) bedürfen (vgl. Thomä & Kächele, 1989). Eine unbestreitbare methodische Schwäche dieser Vorgehensweise resultiert allerdings aus dem Verzicht auf eine aktive Strukturierung durch den Analytiker. Dies kann dazu führen, dass sich manche Klienten in der realen therapeutischen Beziehung allein gelassen bzw. nicht ernst genommen fühlen. Eine nicht selten mehrjährige Behandlungsdauer kann zudem eine Unzufriedenheit hervorrufen, die dann zu realen Widerstandstendenzen auf Seiten des Klienten führen wird, wenn ein spürbarer Behandlungserfolg ausblieb (vgl. dazu Eschenröder, 1986, Kap. 11). Doch es sind nicht allein solche Einwände, die zu einer Relativierung der Bedeutung von analytischen Langzeittherapien geführt haben. Es waren auch reale ökonomische Gegebenheiten, die diese Bedeutung in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in Frage gestellt haben. Nachdem nämlich, zunächst in den Vereinigten Staaten, die Versicherungen dazu übergegangen sind, nur eine stark begrenzte Anzahl psychothe-rapeutischer Leistungen zu erstatten, kam es auch im Bereich der Tiefenpsychologie zu einer verstärkten Hinwendung gegenüber kurzzeittherapeutischen Verfahren (vgl. Goleman, 1981).

Long considered a standard in the sense of the psychoanalytic method carried out as long-term therapy of particularly high standing. It could be argued that the crucial cornerstone of the analytical process (remembering, repeating, working through) a time-consuming method require (free association, evenly suspended attention "and regression-promoting restraint / silence of the analyst, transference and resistance interpretations, etc.) (see Thoma & Kächele, 1989). One undoubted methodological weakness of this approach, however, results from the absence of an active structure by the analyst. This can cause that some clients feel in the real therapeutic relationship alone and not taken seriously. An often multi-year duration of treatment may also cause discontent that will lead to real resistance tendencies on the part of the client when a substantial treatment effect failed to (cf. Eschenröder, 1986, Chapter 11). But it is not only an objection that led to a relativization of the importance of long-term analytic therapies. There were also real economic conditions that have made this meaning in recent years increasingly in question. After that is to report first in the United States, the insurance companies have started, only a very limited number of psychotherapy therapeutic services were also provided in the field of depth psychology (1981 cf. Goleman,) to an increased turn over short-therapeutic procedures.

Keywords: Focal Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

361. Fernandez, I. (2008). EMDR after a critical incident: Treatment of a tsunami survivor with acute posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 156-159. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.156.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Research indicates that EMDR is effective for the treatment of PTSD, with numerous studies showing a high percentage of symptom remission after 3 sessions. The case of a tsunami survivor with acute PTSD is presented. Treatment for overt trauma symptoms was completed within 3 sessions, including all 8 phases and the 3-pronged protocol (i.e., past, present, future targets). One EMDR session was sufficient to process the trauma and alleviate the related symptoms, while another session was necessary for re-evaluation and processing present triggers and future templates. Resource installation was particularly helpful to prepare him for those future situations that had been generating anxiety as a result of his traumatization. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Brief Psychotherapy Case Report Disaster Disaster-Response Indian Ocean Tsunami Italians Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Recent Events Survivors Trauma Tsunamis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

362. Shapiro, F. (2003). EMDR als integrativer psychotherapeutischer ansatz: Experten verschiedenster psychotherapeutischer orientierung erforschen das paradigmenprisma [EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism]. Paderborn: Junfermannsche.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Im vorliegenden Buch beschäftigen sich führende Vertreter der wichtigsten aktuellen psychotherapeutischen Schulen damit, wie EMDR, eine ursprünglich zur Behandlung von PTBS entwickelten Methode, sich mit ihren jeweiligen eigenen Ansätzen verbinden läßt. Die Autoren der einzelnen Beiträge geben Anwendungshinweise und beschreiben anschaulich Techniken für die Behandlung zahlreicher Probleme und Störungen, darunter Depression, Bindungsstörung, soziale Phobie, generalisierte Angststörung, Störung des Körperbildes, Eheprobleme und Existenzangst. Aus der Vielfalt der Sichtweisen schält sich ein Bild der Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den verschiedenen Disziplinen heraus: Es werden Möglichkeiten einer wirksameren Behandlung aufgezeigt, und die durch EMDR eröffneten Möglichkeiten einer integrativen Behandlungsweise werden erkennbar. Mit Beiträgen von: Francine Shapiro, Bessel A. van der Kolk, Paul L. Wachtel, Arnold A. Lazarus, Stephen Gilligan, John Norcross, u.a. Ein ausführlicheres Bild von diesem Buch können sich die Leser durch die Leseproben auf der Verlags-Website machen.

In this book, leading representatives of the main current schools of psychotherapy deals with how EMDR, one originally for the treatment of PTSD developed method to connect with their own approaches can. The authors of individual contributions provide application notes and vividly describe techniques for the treatment of many problems and disorders, including depression, attachment disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, body image disturbance, marital problems and existential angst. From the variety of perspectives emerges a picture of the similarities between the different disciplines: There are opportunities for more effective treatment identified, and the possibilities offered by EMDR treatment of an inclusive manner to be determined. With contributions by: Francine Shapiro, Bessel A. van der Kolk, Paul L. Wachtel, Arnold A. Lazarus, Stephen Gilligan, John Norcross, and Others A more complete picture of this book can make the reader through the excerpts on the publisher's website.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

363. Veerbeek, V. (2010, April). EMDR als onderdeel forensische behandeling van ernstig gewelddadig gedrag: Vreemde eend in de bijt? [EMDR as part forensic examination of serious violent behavior: Odd man out?]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Op ernstig geweld, zeker met fatale afloop, wordt door de maatschappij doorgaans geschokt gereageerd en is het resultaat van berechting vooral “leedtoevoeging” in de vorm van lange gevangenisstraffen. De behandeling in de gevangenis of op een forensische polikliniek staat overwegend in het teken van het nemen van verantwoording voor het gewelddadig gedrag en het aanleren van agressieregulatievaardigheden. Wanneer de cliënt zich als slachtoffer opstelt, roept dit bij de therapeut irritatie op; de cliënt merkt dit, neemt nog meer afstand van de therapeut, hetgeen vervolgens weer machteloosheid, veroordeling en boosheid oproept bij de therapeut. De cliënt als slachtoffer is taboe. In dat licht wordt door collega’s weleens met de nodige scepsis aangekeken tegen EMDR-behandeling van cliënten met ernstig gewelddadig gedrag. In deze workshop komen allereerst de vooroordelen van de therapeut zelf tegen de cliënt en de vooroordelen van de collega’s tegen traumaverwerking bij ernstig gewelddadige cliënten aan bod. Deze vooroordelen staan goede diagnostiek en een goede therapeutische relatie in de weg. Gepropageerd wordt om “neutraal” en grondig onderzoek te doen, net als bij een vliegtuigcrash. Aan de hand van casuïstiek komen enkele sleutelvragen aan bod, die in het zoekproces en de casusconceptualisatie van groot belang zijn. Wanneer onverwerkte ervaringen vanuit het verleden een rol spelen bij (de mate van) agressie, zullen deze ervaringen middels EMDR bewerkt dienen te worden. Hoe groter de vroeger ervaren machteloosheid en vernedering, hoe groter de kans dat de huidig ervaren agressieve lading niet zal verminderen met uitsluitend agressieregulatietherapie. Geïllustreerd wordt hoe EMDR, al of niet met recripting als CI, daarnaast een rol kan spelen bij actuele wraak-drang en wraakgedachten. Videomateriaal wordt ter illustratie gebruikt. Stil wordt gestaan bij de waarde van het inoefenen van de veilige plek en hoe agitatie in en buiten de therapiezitting hierdoor snel kan verminderen. Tot slot zal worden ingegaan op het experimenteel gebruik van EMDR als hulpmiddel bij delictanalyse – en delictverwerking, onder meer bij een cliënt die zijn kind ombracht. Bij huiselijk geweld is meer dan eens sprake van een lange opmaat tot het delict, waarbij een opstapeling van door de cliënt als vernedering ervaren incidenten (waarbij al of niet vroegere ervaringen worden getriggerd) kan leiden tot excessief en soms fataal geweld. Het middels EMDR “linksom” bewerken van deze “opmaat”-ervaringen, gevolgd door het middels EMDR doorwerken van het delict zelf, kunnen leiden tot het werkelijk voelen en nemen van de eigen verantwoordelijkheid, bieden een heldere inkijk in de emotionele dynamiek van de cliënt ten tijde van het plegen van het delict en bieden derhalve belangrijke aangrijpingspunten voor een gedetailleerd terugvalpreventieplan.

On serious violence, especially fatal, is usually shocked by the company responded and is mainly the result of trial "added suffering" in the form of long prison sentences. The treatment in prison or a forensic clinic is mainly devoted to taking responsibility for violent behavior and learning of aggression control skills. If the client is a victim accounts, the therapist calls this irritation, the client notes it, takes more from the therapist, which in turn helplessness, anger and condemnation by calling the therapist. The client as a victim is taboo. In that light by colleagues ever looked with skepticism at EMDR treatment of clients with serious violent behavior. In this workshop, first, the prejudices of the therapist himself against the client and the prejudices of colleagues from trauma in severely violent clients addressed. These prejudices are good diagnosis and a good therapeutic relationship in the road. Propagated to "neutral" and thorough research, as in a plane crash. Using case studies reveal some key questions addressed, in the search process and casusconceptualisatie of great importance. When unprocessed experiences from the past play a role (level of) aggression, these experiences need to be modified through EMDR. The greater the past experience powerlessness and humiliation, the more likely that the current load experienced aggressive not only will reduce aggression regulation therapy. Illustrated how EMDR, with or without recripting as CI, also play a role in current-craving revenge and revenge. Video material will be used for illustration. Silence is paid to the value of practicing safe and how the agitation inside and outside the therapy session this rapid decrease. Finally, consider the experimental use of EMDR as a tool for crime analysis - and crime scene processing, including in a client that his child killed. In domestic violence more than once been a long prelude to the offense, with an accumulation of humiliation experienced by the client as incidents (with or without previous experience are triggered) can lead to excessive and sometimes lethal force. It means EMDR "left" edit this "overture" experience, followed by using EMDR to work on the crime itself, can lead to really feel and take personal responsibility, provide a clear insight into the emotional dynamics of the client at the time of committing the offense and therefore provide important leads for a detailed relapse prevention plan.

Keywords: Forensic Examination Violent Behavior

Accuracy Verified: Yes

364. Adler-Tapia, R. L., & Settle, C. S. (2009, March). EMDR and adaptive information processing theory: A comprehensive approach to child psychotherapy. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, (1), 12-15.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Whether you are first learning about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) or you have participated in EMDR training, the goal of this article is to provide the reader with a brief overview of strategies for using the full protocol with young children. To understand the process by which the phases of the protocol are applied with child clients, it is important to understand the theoretical underpinnings that Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory creates as a foundation for healing and health with children. After discussing the application of AIP to children, the chapter will continue with an overview of skills therapists can use to create a toolbox that can be integrated into the EMDR eight phase treatment protocol with references for additional study and training on using EMDR with children. Finally, therapists will begin to learn how to adapt the full EMDR protocol for effective psychotherapy through developmentally suited language and interventions with even the youngest of clients.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

Accuracy Verified: Yes

365. Shapiro, F. (2005, December). EMDR and adaptive information processing: Clinical applications and case conceptualization. Presentation at the 5th Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The implications of this paradigm will be explored in relation to a variety of recent clinical case studies and research reports. Questions from participants will be used to explore potential clinical applications.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents AIP Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Females Integrative Psychotherapy Memories Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept Video

Accuracy Verified: Yes

366. Shapiro, F. (2005, December). EMDR and adaptive information processing: Clinical applications and case conceptualization. Presentation at the 5th Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The implications of this paradigm will be explored in relation to a variety of recent clinical case studies and research reports. Questions from participants will be used to explore potential clinical applications.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Case Conceptualization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

367. Tibaldi, M. (2004, June). EMDR and analytical psychology: Imaginal use of eye movements in Jungian analysis. In psychodynamics and EMDR (B. Lilieblad, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Among Jungian typical methodologies, one of the most interested is active imagination indeed. Carl Gustav Jung's active imagination method is a process of "lucid dream," that takes shape from observing an internal emotionally meaningful aspect - mood, image, event. When the client focuses his/her attention on these charged elements, a chain of autonomous images will be activated. The arising of such unconscious images lead consciousness to a new situation: emotional content comes into contact with the rational, can be confronted and integrated, transforming the whole personality.
Epistemologically speaking, it is interesting to point out the affinity between Jungian conscious-unconscious integration process, pursued by active imagination, and the right and left brain connecting process, gained by EMDR.
My Jungian analytical practice, on the one hand, and my EMDR therapeutic experience, on the other, gave me the opportunity to confront both Garl Gustav Jung's and Francine Shapiro's methods and paradigms, giving birth to an EMDR imaginal use, a synergic therapeutic process with interesting outcomes.
The aim of my paper is to present this form of EMDR, stressing the advantages of such integration. The paper will be accompanied by a sequence of psychic images from a client's EMDR treatment; thanks to the imaginal use of eye movements, the client got in touch with some of the unknown emotional horizons, recognized the dissociative defences that prevented him from connections his emotional and rational brain and improved his psychic well being.

Keywords: Analyitical Psychology Case Study Imagery Imaginal Jungian Analysis Mind-Body Observation Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

368. McDonnell, F. (2009, October). EMDR and bereavement. Presentation at the 2nd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop, Leeds, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The use of EMDR to facilitate the healthy and complicated mourning process; how EMDR can be combined with traditional approaches, such as creative work.

Keywords: Bereavement Complicated Mourning Grief

Accuracy Verified: Yes

369. Burdett, C. (2011, October). EMDR and British/Irish law. Presentation at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
f a witness asks for therapy during the course of prosecution  You must inform the prosecutor and police of the request.  You must discuss the nature of the therapy with the prosecutor so decisions may be made on how to proceed.  The prosecutor may object to the use of EMDR to process memories that are part of the evidence.  The prosecutor may have no objection to the use of EMDR in developing soothing and safety techniques nor to its use to reduce anxiety when the witness is in court.  Therapy must not take place before the police have undertaken a recorded interview.  if new allegations arise in therapy, treatment must stop so that the witness can make a further statement to the police. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Britain Ireland Law

Accuracy Verified: Yes

370. Shapiro, F. (2007). EMDR and case conceptualization from an adaptive information processing perspective. In F. Shapiro, F. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 3–36). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
In its 20-year history, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has evolved from a simple technique into an integrative psychotherapy approach with a theoretical model that emphasizes the brain's information processing system and memories of disturbing experiences as the basis of pathology. The eight-phase treatment comprehensively addresses the experiences that contribute to clinical conditions and those that are needed to bring the client to a robust state of psychological health. The concept of the transformation of the stored experience through a rapid learning process is the key to understanding the basis and application of EMDR and its guiding Adaptive Information Processing model (Shapiro, 1995, 2001, 2002). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of both theory and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Brain Cognitive Processes Integrative Psychotherapy Memories Memory Models Pathology Psychotherapeutic Techniques Psychotherapy Approach Stored Experience

Accuracy Verified: Yes

371. Morris-Smith, J. (2007, April). EMDR and children: Europe leads the way. Therapy Today, 18(3), 9-12.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
It may come as a surprise to discover that Europe is leading the way in the development of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy for children and adolescents, and in teaching therapists how to adapt the adult protocol1 for the developmental needs of childhood. How has this been achieved.[Author]

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

372. Hurley, E. C., Zabukovec, J., Click, J., Francke, B., & Burd, J. (2009, August). EMDR and combat trauma. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This one-day workshop is designed to provide EMDR clinicians essential information for providing psychotherapy to veterans, active military personnel with combat trauma, and military families. The morning session provides essential information for psychotherapists working with military and veteran cultures, including how soldiers transition to combat and later transition from combat to home. Video interviews with key individuals within the military will address issues in working within the DOD/VA. The afternoon part of the session will include a panel of EMDR consultants, representing extensive experience working with combat trauma and military families. The panel will address treatment issues in working with combat trauma, as well as address questions generated by participants. Video presentations will highlight issues in the treatment of life adjustment issues, combat trauma and military families.

Keywords: Combat

Accuracy Verified: Yes

373. Grant, M., & Just, A. (2000, September). EMDR and compassionate psychotherapy: A new treatment for chronic pain. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(3), 4.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Since its inception as a treatment for trauma, there have been increasing reports of EMDR being efficacious with pain . (McCann, 1992, Hekmat Groth & Rogers, 1994, Wilson, Becker and Tinker,1997, Grant 2000). EMDR is an integrative method with many different components. One of these is the therapeutic relationship. Compassion is also an essential element of any effective intervention (Rubins, 1986, Waldman & Waldman, 1996). However, it is often confused with empathy or pity, indicating the need for a definition based on a concept analysis (Just, 1998). Given its importance in the therapeutic process, and the effects of social isolation on chronic pain sufferers, it is remarkable how little consideration is given to this topic.

Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Control

Accuracy Verified: Yes

374. Matthess, H., Vojtova, H., & Dellucci, H. (2012, March). EMDR and complex trauma. Presentation at the 3rd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation, Berlin, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is widely recognized as a therapy of choice in psychotraumatology. However treating clients who suffer from complex traumatization, and especially dissociative disorder, using EMDR straightaway in its standard form is very difficult. “By far, the greatest number of reported difficulties and stories of clinical problems and potential harm through the improper use of EMDR had involved clients with dissociative disorders.” Shapiro (2001, p. 308). Does this mean that people who have complex trauma and dissociative disorder could not benefit from EMDR? Which adaptations of the standard protocols in the different phases of the EMDR process are crucial in order to use EMDR to enhance the clients’ capacities and diminish their suffering? Which indicators should be considered? How can clinicians provide a safe and efficient help, without getting lost in this difficult treatment patterns, by knowing what to do and why? This workshop is designed for practitioners familiar with EMDR. It will provide a general overview of essential modifications of the standard EMDR protocol for complex traumatized clients. The theoretical part will focus on an understanding of the underlying EMDR working mechanism as far as discussed today, on knowledge of dissociation as a result of complex traumatization, in the context of the AIP model (adaptive information processing), the attachment theory, the theory of structural dissociation and recent research findings. The emphasis will be on practical applications of these insights into a comprehensive treatment of this group of clients. Based on the experience of the presenters, implementing use of bilateral stimulation in all phases of therapy will be shown. Important considerations according possible iatrogenic harm will be discussed. Case examples from practice will be provided, including videos.

Keywords: Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

375. Rouanzoin, C. C., & Perkins, B. (2001, June). EMDR and consultation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is designed for Approved Consultants in EMDR or those who plan to puruse this designation. Consultation in EMDR can be an exciting and rewarding process for both the consultant and the professional seeking consultation. It can also be a bust. This course will cover the philosophy of consultation, the ethical and legal considerations, models of consultation, and the different ways in which the consultation process can be completed. A question and answer period will also be available.

Keywords: Approved Consultant Consultation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

376. EMDRIA Standards and Training Committee. (2002, June). EMDR and consultation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is designed for Approved Consultants in EMDR or those who plan to pursue this designation. Consultation in EMDR is essential to the development of competence in the use of EMDR procedures and the integration of the EMDR model into clinical practice. This course will cover the philosophy of consultation, the ethical and legal considerations, models of consultation, and the different ways in which the consultation process can be completed. A question and answer period will also be available.

Keywords: Consultation Standards and Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

377. Grand, D. (2005, September). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Creativity was involved in the discovery and development of EMDR which is an effective tool in unblocking and enhancing creativity. EMDR processing is an essentially creative process of healing trauma, and EMDR's therapeutic relationship is a creative process. This presentation addresses creative enhancements EMDR’s healing tools: “open listening,” eye movements, integrating music and nature sounds into auditory stimulation, and using body sensations with color and imagery. Using protocol targeting of artists creative blocks, and the trauma aspects of blocks, and the future template as a tool for enhancing creativity with artists including actors, singers, dancers, writers, and painters is discussed. Mini-practica and demonstrations are used with lecture and handouts.

Keywords: Creativity Creative Blocks Future Template Open Listening

Accuracy Verified: Yes

378. Grand, D. (2006, September). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation addresses how creativity has been interwoven into the discovery and development of EMDR, as well as how EMDR is an effective tool in unblocking and enhancing creativity. Dr. Shapiro's discovery of EMDR and her development of the EMDR Protocol, are examined as underpinnings of EMDR and Creativity. EMDR processing will also be examined as an essentially creative process at the core of healing trauma-based blocks. The therapeutic relationship in EMDR is discussed as a co-creative process. This presentation addresses creative enhancements EMDR's healing tools including: "open listening" - avoiding assumptions while attending to all in-the-moment verbal and non-verbal client communications, creative use of eye movements with flowing hand movements and shifting rates of speed, integrating music and nature sounds into left/right auditory stimulation and enhancing of body sensations with color and imagery. This presentation also addresses using EMDR in addressing issues of creativity. Creative blocks are regularly reported by both artists and non-artists and often cripple and traumatize the artist, and interfere with the creativity of diallng living of non-artists. Using EMDR protocol to target creative blocks is discussed, as well as the contribution of trauma to these blocks. The EMDR future template is discussed as a tool for enhancing creativity with artists free of significant blocks. This includes actors, singers, dancers, writers and graphic artists. Mini-practica and demonstrations are used to operationalize the concepts presented in lecture and handout format.

Keywords: Creativity Creative Blocks Future Template Open Listening

Accuracy Verified: Yes

379. Grand, D. (2004, September). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Creativity was involved in the discovery and development of EMDR. EMDR is an effective tool in unblocking and enhancing creativity. EMDR processing is an essentially creative process of healing trauma and EMDR's therapeutic relationship is a co-creative process. This presentation addresses creative enhancements of EMDR's healing tools: ''open listening." eye movements, integrating music and nature sounds into auditory stimulation and using body sensations with color and imagery. Using protocol targeting of artists creative blocks, and the trauma aspects of blocks and the future template as a tool for enhancing creativity with artists, including actors, singers, dancers, writers and painters is discussed. Mini-practica and demonstrations also used.

Keywords: Creativity Creative Blocks Future Template Open Listening

Accuracy Verified: Yes

380. Grand, D. (2008, September). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Creativity is interwoven into the discovery and development of EMDR which is an effective tool in unblocking creativity. EMDR processing is a creative process at the core of healing blocks. Creative enhancements EMDR’s healing tools include: “open listening” – avoiding assumptions, creative use of eye movements and eye positions, integrating bilateral healing sounds and enhancing body sensations with color. Creative blocks cripple the artist and interfere with the creativity of non-artists. The EMDR protocol (assessment, desensitization, installation and body scan) targets creative blocks with underlying trauma. The future template enhances creativity with artists (actors, singers and writers).

Keywords: Creativity Creative Blocks Future Template Open Listening

Accuracy Verified: Yes

381. Grand, D. (2007, June). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Creativity is interwoven into the discovery and development of EMDR, which itself is an effective tool for unblocking and enhancing creativity. Dr. Shapiro’s discovery of EMDR and her development of the EMDR Protocol are underpinnings of EMDR and Creativity. EMDR processing is also an essentially creative process at the core of healing trauma-based blocks and the therapeutic relationship in EMDR is a co-creative process.
This presentation addresses creative enhancement of EMDR’s healing tools including: “open listening” – avoiding assumptions while tending to all in-the-moment verbal and non-verbal client communications, using eye movement creatively by varying speed, plane and eye gaze, integrating healing sound into AIP and enhancing of body sensations with focus, color, and imagery.
This presentation examines using EMDR with issues of creativity. Creative block often cripple and traumatize artists and interfere with the creativity of daily living of non-artists. The use of the EMDR protocol (with emphasis on assessment, desensitization, installation and body scan) to target creative blocks is discussed as well of the contribution of trauma to these blocks. The EMDR future template is discussed as a tool for enhancing creativity with artists freed from significant blocks. This includes actors, singers, dancers, writers, and graphic artists.
Lecture, PowerPoint, mini-practica and demonstrations are used to illustrate the concepts, supported by handout materials.

Keywords: Creativity

Accuracy Verified: Yes

382. McNeal, S. A. (2001, July). EMDR and dream interpretation. Presentation at the International Association for the Study of Dreams, Santa Cruz, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper describes a method of dream interpretation useful in psychotherapy.The therapist can use the treatment method EMDR (eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing) for processing dream images. The associations elicited in this manner provide a wealth of significant material for psychotherapy as well as resulting in meaningful dream interpretation. Learning Objectives: 1) To present a new method of dream interpretation 2) To describe the protocol so that others could use it 3) To indicate how this method can enhance therapeutic results Evaluation questions: 1) How does this use of EMDR differ from the standard use of EMDR with dream imagery? 2) Summarize briefly how EMDR is used for dream interpretation? 3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method of dream interpretation? EMDR and Dream Interpretation When utilizing EMDR to resolve a trauma, one of the four target areas in the standard EMDR protocol is the nightmare image. During reprocessing, the nightmare image often changes to reveal the real life experiences that are part of the traumatic material. If processing is complete, the nightmare image will not reoccur. Theoretically, the periods of REM sleep when dreaming occurs are thought to be natural survival mechanisms whereby experiences from the day are synthesized and stored in memory. It has been speculated that nightmares are the mind's attempts to metabolize trapped information. Because trauma can also produce interrupted and dysfunctional REM sleep, nightmares may reoccur indefinitely without resolution taking place. EMDR has been shown to effectively process nightmare images so that reoccurring nightmares cease. Less has been reported in the EMDR literature regarding dream images that are not nightmarish and do not reoccur. It is usually assumed that if the dreaming process is natural and healthy without nightmares or interrupted sleep, then it is not to be tampered with and is not a focus of treatment. However, EMDR can be very helpful in processing information from dreams, even when the dream images may not appear to be relevant. Case material will be presented to demonstrate how EMDR can be useful in processing dream images during the normal course of treatment as well as contributing to the resolution of specific traumas.

Keywords: Dreams

Accuracy Verified: Yes

383. Grand, D. (2000, September). EMDR and ego state therapy: Experiential learning through video and audience participation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn technical complexities, knowledge base and experiential learning in synthesizing EMDR and Ego State Therapy; 2) learn to assess why, how, and when there is value in introducing ego state work in a client's EMDR process; 3) learn preparatory activation of ego state for resource installation purposes with pre-EMDR clients; and 4) learn calling out ego states as an interweave during desensitization phase, when clients are stuck or looping, and skillful use of egaging ego states helps both in identifiying and untangling treatment-impeding conflicts.

Keywords: Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

384. Bergmann, U. (2000, September). EMDR and ego state therapy: Treating the spectrum of personality disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn the applications of the Ego State concepts and techniques to all phases of the EMDR process in order to facilitate the treatment of clients with personality disorders; 2) learn how to developmentally assess, identify, map, and access ego states of personality disordered clients and how to promote their ego state participation in EMDR sessions; and 3) understand how treatment of personality disorder is usually longer-term EMDR, interweaving the activation of fear-based, aggressivized infantile ego states necessary to deepen and accelerate processing and desensitization.

Keywords: Ego State Therapy Personality Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

385. Twombly, J. (2008, April). EMDR and EMDR adaptions in the treatment of dissociative disorders. Presentation at the 1st Bi-Annual European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop offers ways to incorporate Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in the treatment of clients with Dissociative Identity Disorder, Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified and ego state work. Used carefully, EMDR and EMDR adaptations can accelerate the treatment process. A liability is that its incorrect use can accelerate decompensation in clients with complex trauma and attachment disordered histories. This workshop offers suggested uses of EMDR and EMDR adaptations to facilitate stabilization, orientation to the present, decrease some negative transferences and to provide a protective format for processing traumatic material. Learning objectives: 1. Participant is able to identify stages of treatment of dissociative disordered clients where EMDR and EMDR adaptations can be used. 2. Participant is able to use EMDR adaptations to orient dissociated parts of the mind to present time. 3. Participant has knowledge of how to develop a controlled process of using EMDR for trauma processing.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

386. Curran, L. A. (2009, January). EMDR and EMDR related techniques for effective trauma treatment. Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Center for Social Work Practice Policy and Research, Fort Washington, PA.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Beginning in the 1990s, Francine Shapiro had discovered and began researching a new neurophysiological technique for treating traumatic material. This technique, alternating bilateral stimulation, was quickly subsumed by Shapiro’s psychotherapeutic orientation known as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). After many years of rigorous empirical studies demonstrating its uses and effectiveness in trauma treatment, EMDR has become one of only three approved treatments recommended by the veteran’s administration for the treatment of PTSD. Through didactic illustration and explanation; videotaped demonstrations; and experiential exercises, this seminar provides clinicians the basic principles of EMDR and EMDR- related techniques and how each would be incorporated into their personal therapeutic orientation and practice. Goals 1. Participants will gain understanding of neuroscience’s trauma paradigm · Biological nature of trauma · Specific trauma symptoms and their order of appearance · Primary treatment issues in trauma therapy. 2. Participants will gain understanding of trauma’s cognitive and somatic impact and how to effectively treat its sequelae including: · Hyperarousal · Affect dysregulation · Dissociation · Body memories and “flashbacks” 3. Participants will learn the theory of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and EMDR-related techniques for initial resourcing of clients, followed by desensitizing and cognitive reprocessing of traumatic material. Objectives 1. Participants will identify the biological nature of trauma; how trauma is stored in the body and limbic system, creating physical and psychological symptoms. 2. Participants learn to identify the symptoms of trauma- hyperarousal; affect dysregulation; dissociation, body memories and “flashbacks”. 3. Participants will learn the Adaptive Information Processing Model and clinical research associated with EMDR 4. Participants will learn how EMDR and EMDR-related techniques are used as an adjunct to psychotherapy. 5. Participants will identify and demonstrate the eight 8 Phases of EMDR protocol. 6. Participants will describe the differences between eye movement, auditory and tactile stimulation. 7. Describe the process for resourcing a client prior to actual processing traumatic material. 8. Describe the process of employing tactile alternating bilateral stimulation for the processing traumatic memories.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: No

387. Errebo, N., & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2007). EMDR and emotionally focused couple therapy for war veteran couples. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 202-222). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
To help veteran couples, therapists need to understand the effect of war on the warrior, the impact of the warrior's experience on intimate relationships, and effective individual and couple treatments. These considerations are discussed in this chapter. Topic include war trauma and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); effects of PTSD symptoms on veterans and their intimate relationships; problems in veterans' marital relationships; and treatment considerations. The therapy process described here is an integration of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). In case conceptualization and treatment planning, EMDR and EFT can be woven together harmoniously; many of their theoretical concepts and procedural steps are compatible with or parallel to one another. EFT and EMDR are first described separately. Next, the parallels between the two treatments are discussed. Then a plan is presented for combining EMDR and EFT in comprehensive treatment for couples affected by war trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Couples Therapy EFT Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy Emotion Focused Therapy Emotional Freedom Technique Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Veterans War Trauma War Veteran Couples

Accuracy Verified: Yes

388. Protinsky, H., Flemke, K., & Sparks, J. (2001, June). EMDR and emotionally oriented couples therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 23(2), 153-168. doi:10.1023/A:1011193518301.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
When reviewing past and current research on the role of emotion in couples therapy, there appeared to be a lack of articulation concerning how emotional expressions and relational dynamics are affected by emotional trauma that has not been accessed. The authors demonstrate how emotionally and experientially oriented therapy with couples can be enhanced by accessing stored trauma through the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This approach is called Eye Movement Relationship Enhancement (EMRE) therapy and includes key clinical areas such as accessing and tolerating previously disowned emotion, reprocessing emotional experiences, and amplifying couple intimacy. These key areas are discussed and illustrated with case examples. [Springer]

Keywords: Empirical Study Family Therapy Literature Review Marital Problems Nonclinical Case Study Psychotherapeutic Processes Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

389. Siegel, I. R. (2000, September). EMDR and energy medicine: An integrative approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) develop an understanding of the role that energy medicine can play within the context of the EMDR protocol; 2) develop an understanding of the dynamic relationship between our physiology, our emotions, and our Human Energy Field; 3) identify the chakra systems and the levels of electro-magnetic frequency that exist within the Human Energy Field, and its relationshop to developmental theory; 4) demonstrate an ability to identify vibrational patterns of emotional trauma within the HEF; 5) develop an understanding of the role of EMDR as an effective tool in creating a bridge between science, psychotherapy, and spirituality; and 6) learn to apply effective techniques for integrating the technology of energy medicine into an EMDR practice.

Keywords: Chakra System Energy Medicine Energy Psychology HEF Human Energy Field Vibrational Patterns

Accuracy Verified: Yes

390. Bohart, A. C., & Greenberg, L. S. (2002). EMDR and experiential psychotherapy. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 239-261). Washington: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter compares EMDR with three experiential approaches. Although various experiential approaches exist, the chapter concentrates on Gendlin's focusing-oriented psychotherapy (FP), Rogers's client-centered therapy (CCT), and Greenberg and colleagues' process-experiential psychotherapy (PEP) to explore similarities and differences. The exploration begins with an introduction of each approach to orient the reader. [Text, pp. 239-240]TOPICS TREATED: Self-healing; Summary of similarities between EMDR and experiential psychotherapy; Differences between EMDR and experiential psychotherapy; Integrating experiential therapies with EMDR.

Keywords: Adults Client Centered Psychotherapy Experiential Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

391. Power, K., McGoldrick, T., Brown, K., Buchanan, R., Sharp, D., Swanson, V., & Karatzias, A. (2003, January). EMDR and exposure plus cognitive restructuring are found effective in treating PTSD. Clinician's Research Digest, 21(1), 2.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: Compared the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring (ECR) versus a waiting list (WL) in treating posttraumatic stress disorder. This research appeared in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9, 299-318.

Keywords: Cognitive Restructuring Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

392. Silvestre, M., & Morris-Smith, J. (2010, June). EMDR and family therapy around the issue of domestic violence. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
During this pre-conference, we will discuss the integration of EMDR and family therapy through the work done with domestic violence cases. In these particular situations, the therapist is faced with complex clinical issues that require one to think and intervene at different levels: the victim, the children's victim, the perpetrator, the family dynamics. This complex clinical situation is challenging us to develop a multilevel way of thinking and working; it is a good example of integration between personal and interrelation issues. Such an integration proves to be a necessary process when faced with the trauma consequences of domestic violence, which we all know impact each family member greatly. We will look into attachment disorder, problems with affect regulation, safety issues and the transmission of perturbed family dynamics. We will also discuss treatment planning and how to articulate work with one person and work with a family with regard to the therapist's affiliation.

Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

393. Stowasser, J. E. (2007). EMDR and family therapy in the treatment of domestic violence. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 243-261). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Domestic violence (DV) has been defined as a pattern of verbal and physical behavior intended to control another person in an existing, former, or desired intimate relationship (Walker, 1979). Although DV is not confined to heterosexual unions or to males as abusers, this chapter focuses on heterosexual males as offenders because 85% of DV is directed by men toward women (Rennison & Welchans, 2000). This chapter discusses integrating Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1995, 2001) and Therapy of Social Action (TSA) in the treatment of couples with domestic violence issues. A case example is then presented. The concluding discussion asserts that TSA and EMDR appear to be a powerful combination for the treatment of DV. When used with carefully selected couples, EMDR and TSA can repair the damage caused to the victims, strengthen relationships, inhibit abuser and victim tendencies in children, eliminate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), increase personal responsibility, develop nonviolent conflict resolution skills, and increase empathy for self and others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Therapy of Social Action

Accuracy Verified: Yes

394. Ostacoli, L., Bertino, G., & Faretta, E. (2013, June). EMDR and health: EMDR brief treatment in medical conditions with a high emotional charge: A possible challenge. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Stress and high emotional situations such as complex traumas have a negative influence on the psycho – physiologic adaptive process to illness. If these experiences are not elaborated, they could be stored as dysfunctional memories causing psychophysical vulnerability. EMDR treatment requires a proper detection and reprocessing of stressing memories in present and past events and in future templates, handling worries and fears.
Treatment protocol for serious medical diseases will be presented, focusing in the domains of Multiple Sclerosis and Oncology. Starting from the person and his system (biopsychosocial model), the main interest will be placed on case conceptualization and preparation of the project with EMDR, and then the identification of targets for further processing. From here, through the exposure of specific cases treated, we will work on bodily symptoms (the feeling perceived) through floatback to promote the connection of memories. The presentation of the research project and the first data obtained will follow.
The design helps the person to relate themselves to the traumatic material as something that they can see, represent, touch, by sharing and by exploring their resonances with the therapist; the design provides an emotional containment that allows the processing of intense emotions, reduces significantly the risk of dissociations, and allows the recovery of creative resources.
The fundamental aim of the model is to facilitate the building of a constructive relationship with themselves and with the “sick body”, by elaborating the traumatic events that have led to a dysfunctional self-image and explored, strengthened their resources with the aim of building the “navigation tools” and an effective “first-aid kit” for times of crisis. It will be presented the model of the intervention and the strategies proposed and used, through the presentation of clinical cases.
The analysis of the success factors and of the difficulties encountered will allow us to define a possible direction for future brief interventions with patients affected by complex organic diseases.
Learning objectives: To learn EMDR protocols adapted to deal with serious medical illnesses such as Cancer and Multiple Sclerosis; To analyse the therapeutic process by narrative and graphic material; and To learn specific features to deal with fears of loss and impairment

Keywords: Disease Medical Illness Multiple Sclerosis Oncology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

395. Whalen, J. E. (1999, September). EMDR and hypnosis: A theoretical and clinical investigation. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. AAT 9923344.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a controversial new treatment for anxiety disorders that is proported to evince rapid and lasting treatment gains. EMDR theorists argue that humans have an innate biological drive to process events and their memories into adaptive and useful forms. Traumatic memories become "stuck" and unprocessed, resulting in a host of psychopathological symptoms. EMDR's curative power rests primarily in the eye movements. Shapiro argues that the eye movements directly access and alter traumatic memories at a neurophysiological level. Memories are then processed down into adaptive forms, with a concomitant abatement of symptoms. Research supports the clinical efficacy of EMDR. However, there is much debate as to the actual mutative element in the EMDR protocol. Support for eye movements playing a curative role is meager and equivocal. This study examines the proposition that the primary mutative component of EMDR is response to suggestion. Specifically, this study proposes that the EMDR treatment protocol is laced with suggestion for improvement. Highly hypnotizable individuals will respond to these suggestions even though EMDR is an explicitly nonhypnotic treatment. That is, subjects will improve to the extent they respond to suggestion. Further, this study tests the viability of Shapiro's eye movement theory. An eye movement condition is compared to an eye fixation condition in terms of treatment outcome. Results indicate a positive correlation between subjects' hypnotizability and treatment outcome. In addition, eye movement conditions were as efficacious as eye fixation conditions where treatment outcome is concerned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(3-B), Sep 1999, pp. 1319.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorder Anxiety Disorders Effectiveness Empirical Study Hypnotic Susceptibility Hypnotizability Treatment Outcomes Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

396. Shapiro, F., & Maxfield, L. (2003). EMDR and information processing in psychotherapy treatment: Personal development and global implications. In M. F. Solomon & D. J. Siegel (Eds.), Healing trauma: Attachment, mind, body, and brain (pp. 196-220). New York: W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
EMDR: A peculiar technique. It may give one an idea of hocus-pocus: the eliciting of the eye-movement. But it isn’t! And how it originated also is a peculiar story, but this I suppose is well known. It was a nice case of serendipity. The adaptive information processing (AIP) model was developed to explain and predict EMDR treatment effects. We read: The AIP model states that all memory is associated, and learning occurs through the creation of new associations. When an incident is not fully processed, the perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that were experienced during the traumatic event are generally stored in state-dependent form. This storage may be in an isolated memory network where the information cannot link up with more appropriate information and learning cannot take place. And, to jump to a conclusion, what EMDR does is linking, forging new connections between the unprocessed memory and more adaptive information that is contained in other memory networks, while the simultaneous eye-movement decreases the intense and painful emotions that are recalled. Again: creating the narrative, cognitively and emotionally. EMDR, provided it is well indicated and correctly applied, seems to be a very useful technique, a real tool, without pretension. It provides what it offers if… the results last (do they?). The case studies described in this chapter are convincing, one of them with a 5 year old child with a D attachment pattern (disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern, see also chapter 2). Both mother and child treated with EMDR. What happens in the brain when we move our eyes from left to right to left while recalling a traumatic incident is not explained. In chapters 6-8 we can read about the psychotherapy of traumatized people.

Keywords: Cognitive Processes Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

397. MacMahon, R. (2003). EMDR and its use in treating attachment disorder. Author.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
EMDR is an acronym for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, a remarkable form of psychotherapy that is being widely used to treat trauma and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). EMDR combines elements from several therapeutic approaches with bilateral stimulation to facilitate hemispheric processing in the brain. Controlled studies support the efficacy of EMDR, making it not only the most thoroughly researched method ever used in the treatment of trauma, but also useful in a variety of applications from phobias to eating disorders.

Keywords: Attachment Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

398. Rasolkhani-Kalkorn, T., & Harper, M. L. (2006, March). EMDR and low frequency stimulation of the brain. Traumatology, 12 (1), 9-24. doi:10.1177/153476560601200102.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Laboratory research on animals indicates that the potentiation of synapses in various areas of the limbic system is the primary step in fear memory formation. Depotentiation of these synapses can result in erasure or modification of these memories. The principal mechanism for depotentiation is induction of low frequency stimulation (LFS). This research has also shown that during memory recall, potentiated circuits within the limbic system become labile, and more vulnerable to depotentiation. The authors propose that LFS can be induced in the human brain during eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR), and that this can lead to quenching or modification of fear memory traces. Hence, the authors theorize that this process is the main biological basis for the therapeutic effects of EMDR. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Neurophysiology Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

399. van Rood, Y., & de Roos, C. (2012, June). EMDR and medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS): Case conceptualisation and treatment [EMDR y los síntomas somáticos inexplicables por la medicina (MUPS): Conceptualización del caso y tratamiento]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are symptoms for which adequate examination did not reveal sufficiently explanatory structural or other specified pathology. This includes patients with somatoform disorders such as conversion disorder, hypochondriasis, and pain disorder. But also patients with functional syndromes such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome and patients with specific physical symptoms such as pain, nausea, itch for which no medical cause has been detected. Empirical evidence suggests that traumatic experiences can play a role in the aetiology of MUPS and somatoform disorders (Roelofs & Spinhoven, 2007). Furthermore, unprocessed traumatic memories can play a role in the maintenance of MUPS (de Roos & van Rood, in press). Indeed,the results of a systematic review suggest that EMDR might be an effective treatment for MUPS and somatoform disorders, particularly when the somatic complaints are trauma related (van Rood & de Roos, 2009). Clinicians need to establish if the specific complaint of their patient is trauma related, whether the unprocessed trauma memory maintains the somatic symptom, and if so in what way. In this presentation the different ways are discussed in which trauma memories can be related to MUPS and how this may maintain the complaint; i.e. hinder recovery. The presentation will be illustrated with video fragments of the EMDR process in several patients with diverse somatic complaints.

Los síntomas somáticos médicamente inexplicables (MUPS), son síntomas para los cuales un adecuado examen no muestra una explicación estructural suficiente ni otra patología específica. Esto incluye pacientes con trastornos somatomorfos como el trastorno de conversión, hipocondría y trastorno por dolor. Pero también los pacientes con síndromes funcionales como la fibromialgia, síndrome de fatiga crónica, síndrome del colon irritable y pacientes con síntomas físicos específicos como dolor, náuseas, picores sin causa médica, fueron detectados. La evidencia empírica sugiere que las experiencias traumáticas pueden jugar un papel en la etiología del MUPS y los trastornos somatomorfos (Roelofs & Spinhoven, 2007). Es más, los recuerdos traumáticos sin procesar pueden jugar un papel en el mantenimiento del MUPS (de Roos & van Rood, in press). De hecho, los resultados de revisiones sistemáticas sugieren que el EMDR puede ser un tratamiento efectivo para MUPS y los trastornos somatomorfos, de manera específica cuando las quejas somáticas de los pacientes están relacionadas con un trauma. Los clínicos necesitan establecer si existen quejas específicas de sus pacientes relacionadas con el trauma o no. Si el trauma sin procesar mantiene los síntomas somáticos o no. En esta presentación diferentes caminos serán discutidos, en donde el trauma puede estar relacionado con el MUPS y cómo éste puede mantener la queja. La presentación será acompañada de fragmentos de vídeo para el procesamiento de EMDR en numerosos pacientes con diversas quejas somáticas.

Keywords: Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms MUPS

Accuracy Verified: Yes

400. McNally, R. J. (1999, January-April). EMDR and mesmerism: A comparative historical analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 225-236. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00049-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is among the fastest growing interventions in the annals of psychotherapy. Although many psychologists have commented on its presumably unusual origins and dissemination, history reveals its many parallels with Mesmerism, a previous therapy that spread rapidly throughout 18th century Europe and America. The purpose of this article is to document the many striking similarities between the history of Mesmerism and the history of EMDR (ScienceDirect).

Keywords: Historical Account Mesmerism Shapiro

Accuracy Verified: Yes

401. Cole, M. (2010, July). EMDR and metacognitive therapy: Same destination, different language. Poster presented at the 38th Annual Conference of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies, Manchester, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The information processing model has been described in many different ways and is potentially the underlying process that describes the psychotherapy change process, regardless of orientation. In this poster I will briefly compare Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing and Meta-Cognitive Therapy in light of this information processing model and conclude that although they may use different language to describe their theories, a unifying information processing model describes both paradigms. Human beings are meaning making machines (Robbins, 2009). We give meaning to the world, the deeds we do and the interactions we have, as well as the more fundamental senses we experience (Frankl, 2004). Information arises either from external stimulus or internal process’s and this information goes through our filters where we delete, distort and generalise this information based on the rules created in our information processing unit (Fig 1). This information processing mechanism gives meaning to this filtered information and generates a response, this response interacts with this information and the cycle then repeats in a self regulatory manner. This process is repeated for everything we do; we are and continues until we die. Mental health issues arise when this self regulatory system fails to make a useful functional meaning of the information. Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) was developed by Francine Shapiro (1989) for the treatment of trauma memories and associated emotions, changing the meaning the person gives to their experiences. Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) was developed by Wells and Matthews (1984) as a way of defining the processes that underpin a range of psychological disorders. One of the features of psychological disorders such as anxiety or depression is that thinking becomes difficult to control and biased in particular ways that lead to a worsening and maintenance of emotional suffering. Many clients report that they feel that they have ‘lost control’ over their thoughts and behaviours. Another important feature is that the persons thinking and attention becomes fixed in patterns of brooding and dwelling on the self and threatening information. Both EMDR and MCT describe an information management/processing system that organises and carries out various tasks such as how to open a door, how to get dressed, how to be anxious, how to respond to a trauma memory Both therapies appear to change this system / process to something that is much more adaptive for the client, as if they change the master information management control programme that runs this system, in the same way a conductor influences the orchestra and the music they produce. Both models describe the same process, although they utilise different language to describe this change process. Perhaps a change of focus for the development of pychotherapy towards more process change models rather than content change interventions.

Keywords: Metacognitive Therapy Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

402. Spierings, J. J. (1999). EMDR and mourning. New Hope, PA: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This manual is based on presentations given by Dr. Spierings. Specific topics are covered, such as the definitions, phases and tasks of handling the normal mourning process. Also included are topics based on clinical indicators, high risk factors and protocols for the complicated mourning process. [EMDR-HAP]

Keywords: Grief Mourning

Accuracy Verified: Yes

403. Spierings, J. (2000, May 6). EMDR and mourning. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation consists of the following two parts:
I. The normal mourning process:
Defintions, phases, mourning tasks and characteristics
General treatment principles, EMDR and other treatment techniques
Therapeutic attitude and your own grief reactions as a therapist
II. The complicated mourning process:
Definitions, high-risk factors, diagnostic criteria and clinical indicators
Patterns of complicated mourning
For each pattern: specialized treatment techniques, EMDR protocols and treatment plans

Keywords: Complicated Grief Grief Mourning Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

404. Welch, K. L. (2007, August). EMDR and neuroscience research: Some questions and implications for psychotherapy integration. EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Since its introduction, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (Shapiro, 1989) has received the attention of many mental health professionals. There has been much critical debate on the subject of EMDR. Most of the clinical discussion has centered on the role of EMDR in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). While the EMDR procedure has been compared to Mesmerism (McNally, 1999), declared as pseudoscience (Herbert, Lilienfeld, Lohr, Montgomery, O’Donohue, Rosen, and Tolin, 2000), or regarded as a highly marketed placebo (Lilienfield, 1996), most studies support the efficacy of EMDR in treating PTSD (Ironson, Freund, Strauss, and Williams, 2002; Lee, Gavriel, Drummond, Richards, and Greenwald, 2002; Marcus, Marquis, and Sakai, 1997; Rothbaum, 1997; Van Etten and Taylor, 1998; Wilson, Becker, and Tinker, 1997). There has been some evidence for accompanying physiological changes in PTSD subjects treated with EMDR with patterns of cortex functioning, (Levin, Lazrove, and van der Kolk, 1999; Nicosia, 1994) event-related potential changes (Lamprecht, Kohnke, Sack, Matzke and Munte, 2004), as well as positive effects on the level of the stress hormone cortisol (Haber, Kellner and Yehuda, 2002).

Keywords: Neuroscience

Accuracy Verified: Yes

405. St-André, E. (2009, August). EMDR and OCD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic illness with recurrent obsessions, persistent thoughts and compulsions, such as repetitive behaviors that are performed after obsessions. Current treatment for such a disorder includes antidepressants (SSRI, with additional treatment such as antipsychotics) and psychotherapy, usually cognitive behavioral approaches. Nevertheless, there is a lack of available evidence for the long-term effectiveness of psychological treatment (Cochrane Reviews on OCD treatment will be cited). EMDR can be useful in a severe case of OCD and might be of interest for other therapists struggling with OCD cases in their caseload.

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

406. Chemtob, C. & Pitman, R. (1999, November). EMDR and other neoteric approaches to the treatment of PTSD. In Intervention (Edna Foa, Chair). Symposium presented at the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Conference, Miami, FL..

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The session will begin with an overview of the process by which the treatment guidelines were created. This will be followed by 10- minute presentations of: guidelines for assessment, acute intervention, cognitive behavior therapy, pharmachotherapy, PTSD in children, EMDR, and group therapy. At the last part of the session, the audience will have an opportunity to actively participate through questions and comments.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

407. Fensterheim, H. (1997, December). EMDR and personality disorders. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(6), 4-5.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
There is some tendency in psychotherapy to suggest that the treatments for Axis I disorders and Axis II disorders should be based on different concepts. Millon (1988), for example, argues that the behavioral approaches are appropriate for the Axis I disorders but that an integrated approach is indicated for those that fall within Axis II. It is wroth considering that different EMDR protocols and methods may be required for these different conditions.

Keywords: Personality Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

408. Wachtel, P. L. (2002). EMDR and psychoanalysis. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 123-150). Washington: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Although EMDR is clearly an integrative approach, it is an integrative approach with a strong cognitive-behavioral flavor. In this chapter, EMDR is examined and considered from a different vantage point. For some time, I too have been engaged in developing an integrative approach to therapy. However, apropos the previous paragraph, my integrative efforts have a different flavor; they are rooted most deeply in the psychodynamic tradition, not the cognitive- behavioral.As a consequence of my psychodynamic vantage point, my view and use of EMDR differ somewhat from the "classic" approach to EMDR. This chapter is thus likely to reflect clinical and theoretical views that differ in important ways from those of many of this book's other authors. However, my discussion does not constitute a critique of EMDR. I began using EMDR and am writing this chapter because I am intrigued by EMDR -- by its clinical potential, the experiences it seems to generate, and the challenges to theory and research that it presents. My goal is to expand our ways of viewing and thinking about EMDR, and to consider the ways in which EMDR can be enriched by a psychoanalytic perspective and vice versa. For an integration or combination of EMDR and psychoanalysis to be viable, two conditions must be satisfied. The differences must not be so fundamental and unbridgeable that any effort to bring the two approaches together is inherently incoherent and contradictory. At the same time, the differences must not be so trivial or superficial that putting them together adds little or nothing. The interface between EMDR and psychoanalysis meets both these conditions, and the chapter will attempt to demonstrate this as it proceeds. [Adapted from Text, p. 124] [Pilots]

Keywords: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

409. Lipke, H. (2000). EMDR and psychotherapy integration: Theoretical and clinical suggestions with focus on traumatic stress. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book is about what I have learned about EMDR and its clinical use, especially with combat veterans. It is also about what trying to understand how EMDR works has taught me about psychotherapy in general. That second lesson is what I call the Four-Activity Model (FAM) of Psychotherapy, which grows out of a concept that Francine Shapiro refers to as Accelerated Information Processing (AIP). Shapiro's AIP description gives name to the idea that learned psychopathology can be considered dysfunctional held information, including thoughts, emotions, sensations, and behavior, that can be modified more quickly than previously believed by most therapists. The Four-Activity Model is an attempt to conceptualize how psychotherapeutic activity can be used most efficiently to reprocess dysfunctional held material and thereby resolve psychological problems.Finally, this book is about what psychotherapy in general has taught me about EMDR. Even in her early explanations of EMDR, Shapiro taught that it was an integrative method, that it relied on the lessons learned by years of clinical work using dynamic, behavioral, and humanistic methods. In this book I will attempt to elaborate on that relationship and offer specific therapeutic suggestions that will rely on the wisdom of previously established therapeutic methods, as well as the wisdom of past philosophical inquiry and religion. The book starts with EMDR, proceeds to try to describe how EMDR and other methods can be integrated into an overall model of psychotherapy, and then works its way back to the concrete practical integration of psychotherapy in general. The second half of the book has a practical focus on examples that are created mostly from my experience working with combat trauma. I hope that readers will see how these examples of interventions are easily generalized to other learning-based problems. [Author Introduction]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

410. Devilly, G. J. (1996, November). EMDR and PTSD: The score at half time. Psychotherapy in Australia, 3(1), 26-31.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been a hot topic of debate since it’s inclusion into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in the 1980’s. However, it was not until 1989, with the introduction of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), that this debate reached such lofty heights of vigour. The lack of any theoretical models as to why the EMDR process might work has not helped in gaining professional credence. It will be the purpose of this article to briefly review the reasons for this debate, give a short outline of the EMDR procedure and comment upon the current state of research.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

411. Leeds, A. M., & Shapiro, F. (2000). EMDR and resource installation: Principles and procedures for enhancing current functioning and resolving traumatic experiences. In J. Carlson, & L. Sperry (Eds.), Brief therapy with individuals and couples (pp. 469-534). Phoenix, Arizona: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen, Inc..

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter presents an overview of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a research-validated treatment for PTSD, and a related set of procedures known as resource development and installation (RDI), which have been reported to be useful in ego strengthening and stabilization. First, the extant research on EMDR, its theoretical model, and the 8 phases of its treatment are summarized (patient history and treatment planning, preparation, assessment, desensitization, installation, body scan, closure, and reevaluation). The 5 main elements of memory networks in EMDR are: image, thoughts and sounds, affect, sensation, and self-appraisal. The principles and theoretical foundations of RDI are then discussed. Then, 2 case examples are given. The 1st case illustrates a simple application of resource development and installation to supplement the standard EMDR PTSD protocol in the brief treatment of a marital crisis. The 2nd case summarizes the brief, strategic use of RDI to stabilize a patient with complex PTSD who was referred for collaborative treatment and to build a foundation for comprehensive EMDR treatment. [Adapted from Text, p. 469] [Pilots]

Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

412. Zangwill, W. M. (1994). EMDR and shame: A brief report. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(3), 13.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One of the most difficult issues in an EMDR session is when a patient is not able to "let go" and experience the process. There are a variety of reasons for this happening, one of which involves the shame patients sometimes feel in both reexperiencing the memories and of sharing them with us. Despite assurances that they do not have to share content, some patients have still reported difficulty in letting past material arise to be reprocessed because of fear of embarrassment and humiliation.

Keywords: Shame

Accuracy Verified: Yes

413. Konuk, E. & Epozdemir, H. (2010, March). EMDR and strategic family therapy. Presentation at the XVIII World International Family Therapy (IFTA) Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Strategic Family Therapy developed some 50 years ago by a handful of visionaries at MRI (Mental Research Institute) in Palo Alto, California. This is why sometimes it is known as the “Palo Alto Group”. The kind of therapy evolved at that time changed the therapy world radically. The major shift was that: • The theory was a theory of change. The emphasis was on change rather than to understand how and why problems exist. • The focus was relationships rather than the phenomena going on under the skin of an individual. This meant that the way the therapist approached the clients was Systemic or interactional. • Strategic map was large enough to allow the therapist work with almost any kind of problem, borrow and use different techniques that belong to other approaches without conflict and confusion. • At that time therapy meant globally 4-5 sessions a week for many years. This was reduced to an average of 7-10 sessions. So when a therapist learned one of the Family Therapies, he learned essentially how to do therapy briefly. One of the approaches that Family and Marriage Therapists integrate efficiently into their practice is EMDR. Though EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is relatively new in the therapy world, now it is credited by many professional and governmental organizations as either “treatment of choice” or a valid psychotherapy approach. Especially when trauma is particularly have a role in the formation of the problem, then EMDR is a “life saver” for the therapist. In this workshop, the participants will learn: • The basic principles and techniques of EMDR and Strategic Family Therapy • Why and how change occurs • When EMDR is called upon for help • How interventions are designed and implemented The cases will be presented by live video recordings of sessions.

Keywords: Strategic Family Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

414. DeGraffenried, D. F. (2002, June). EMDR and TANF recipients: Effective home-based interventions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
As a result of domestic violence many women who receive Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) develop PTSD and other anxiety disorders. Participants in this workshop will: 1) be able to summarize the components of a home-based model of EMDR that helps TANF recipients resolve domestic abuse and reduce barriers to employment; 2) evaluate the advantages of using EMDR in a strength based, solution oriented, capitated, home-based model; and 3) via a powerpoint presentation and videos, identify five specific skills that support the successful use of EMDR in home-based settings.

Keywords: Home-based Interventions Needy Families TANF

Accuracy Verified: Yes

415. DeGraffenried, D. F. (2007, March). EMDR and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients: A case study of trauma treatment in the home. EMDRIA Newsletter, 12(1), 6-9.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This article, in case study format, seeks to expand how we think about and use EMDR in agency and community mental health settings. EMDR has been slow to grow in agency settings, and this article challenges the stereotype that EMDR is impractical in community mental health settings by describing the use of EMDR in a time-limited, homebased, solution-oriented framework within a non-profi t community family service agency. The client was a Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipient who had been the victim of domestic violence and who had developed post traumatic stress disorder.

Keywords: Home-based Interventions Needy Families TANF

Accuracy Verified: Yes

416. Solomon, R. M., & Shapiro, F. (2008). EMDR and the adaptive information processing model - Potential mechanisms of change. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(4), 315-325. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.4.315.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach guided by the adaptive information processing (AIP) model. This article provides a brief overview of some of the major precepts of AIP. The basis of clinical pathology is hypothesized to be dysfunctionally stored memories, with therapeutic change resulting from the processing of these memories within larger adaptive networks. Unlike extinction-based exposure therapies, memories targeted in EMDR are posited to transmute during processing and are then again stored by a process of reconsolidation. Therefore, a comparison and contrast to extinction-based information processing models and treatment is provided, including implications for clinical practice. Throughout the article a variety of mechanisms of action are discussed, including those inferred by tenets of the AIP model, and the EMDR procedures themselves, including the bilateral stimulation. Research suggestions are offered in order to investigate various hypotheses.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Information Processing Mechanism of Change Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

417. Shapiro, F., & Laliotis, D. (2011, June). EMDR and the adaptive information processing model: Integrative treatment and case conceptualization. Clinical Social Work Journal, 39(2), 191-200. doi:10.1007/s10615-010-0300-7.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR is a comprehensive psychotherapy approach that is compatible with all contemporary theoretical orientations. Internationally recognized as a frontline trauma treatment, it is also applicable to a broad range of clinical issues. As a distinct form of psychotherapy, the treatment emphasis is placed on directly processing the neurophysiologically stored memories of events that set the foundation for pathology and health. The adaptive information processing model that governs EMDR practice invites the therapist to address the overall clinical picture that includes the past experiences that contribute to a client’s current difficulties, the present events that trigger maladaptive responses, and to develop more adaptive neural networks of memory in order to enhance positive responses in the future. The clinical application of EMDR is elaborated through a description of the eight phases of treatment with a case example that illustrates the convergences with psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and systemic practice.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Integrative Treatment Memory Networks

Accuracy Verified: Yes

418. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2008). EMDR and the art of psychotherapy with children. New York, NY: Springer Publishing.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
In this book the authors present an overview of how therapists can get started in conceptualizing psychotherapy with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) methodology through Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory. The focus of the book is to teach therapists to effectively use the entire EMDR protocol with young children (Springer).

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

419. Settle, C. (2010, July). EMDR and the art of psychotherapy with children. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The presenter will use the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) Model to explain how to creatively change the language of EMDR to meet the child’s developmental needs. Participants will learn how to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that includes the three-pronged approach. Demonstrations with pictures and a short video will show ways of getting the targets and the NC and PC through mapping, while still remaining true to the eight-phase model. Innovative child-oriented methods for Resource Development Installation (RDI) and Cognitive Interweaves (CI) will be explained.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

420. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2008). EMDR and the art of psychotherapy with children manual. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This manual is based on EMDR theory created by Dr. Francine Shapiro and documented in Dr. Shapiro's books (1995, 2001), and serves as an adjunct to EMDR and the Art of Psychotherapy with Children (Springer).

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

421. Phillips, M. (2001, June). EMDR and the body. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This course presents a five-step model for body focused psychotherapy. Specific methods for incorporating EMDR into each phase are included. The existing EMDR somatic protocol is expanded to facilitate skill development in the areas of body awareness, sensory discrimination, symbolization, body learnings, and integration of more functional somatic patterns. Topics include uses of EMDR to create the body safe place, develop the body felt sense, reduce pain and increase comfort, reprocess aspects of trauma, and explore somatic developmental issues.

Keywords: Body Awareness Body Felt Sense Body-Focused Psychotherapy Body Learnings Body Safe Place Sensory Discrimination Symbolization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

422. Bar-Sade, E. (2002, May). EMDR and the challenge of working with young children. EMDR Israel Association, Nazereth Ilit, Israel.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Treatment of very young children who experienced trauma poses a challenge for the therapist using EMDR. Very young children lack the ability to express their experiences verbally. In addition, their cognitive development is not mature enough to process their experiences via the cognitive channel. Their understanding of time is not developed enough to distinguish between past, present and future and they are not yet able to take an alternative perspective on experiences they have encountered, some of which may have been traumatic for them.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

423. Lipke, H. (1997, July). EMDR and the integration of psychotherapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Integration Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

424. Weston, D. L. (1995, June). EMDR and the issues of gay clients. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is an effective therapeutic method for working with the emotional issues of gay clients. The first portion of this workshop will examine the "pubic" and "relationship" definitions of homosexuality. Being gay is much more than how people express themselves sexually. A brief historical and cultural kamework for understanding the emotional issues of lesbian I gay persons will be presented. There will be a review of the psychological theories and the research about the origins of homosexuality. The second portion of the workshop will focus on the psychological path of persons recognizing they are gay. The changes in the "pre-stonewall' and "post-stonewall" experience will be highlighted. This review of psychological experience will look at the points where EMDR therapists can be sensitive to the presence of emotional issues related to being gay. Feeling "different" is often a precursor to recognizing that one is gay. It is impossible to grow up in our culture without internalization of negative attitudes about gay people. When an individual recognizes (s)he is lesbian or gay, this negative learning now applies to one's self. EMDR is effective in resolving this "internalized homophobia." "Coming out" to one's self is a shock because, "I am no longer the person I believed myself to be." EMDR helps clients see gayness, not as an event happening in Me at this moment, but as something with a history related to earlier life experiences and feelings. This perception of continuity reduces the sense of crisis around being homosexual. As internalized homophobia is resolved, acceptance and valuing of self increases. Using the EMDR "future template" protocol assists people in preparing to "come out" to family, fiiends, employers, etc. Gay activists suggests that lesbian/gay persons need to be "out" in all situations. EMDR can help people understand why they want to come out to various people in various situations. It assists in idenhfxation of what people want as the result of "coming out." EMDR is effective in workmg with the myths about homosexuality; the cultural homophobia. Among the myths to be focused are: gay men are promiscuous, being gay is immoral, gay sexual expression is perversion, gay relationships don't last, lesbian/gay persons recruit young people, etc. The third portion of this workshop will focus on issues of HIV disease. There will be a brief epidemiological presentation and focus on the medical and psychological issues of persons with HIV disease. Application of EMDR at "crisis points" of HIV disease will be presented: (1) the worried well, a diminishing population as the aids epidmc continues, (2) the time of HIV+ diagnosis when the potential for suicide is highest, (3) the time of the first AIDS defining illness, (4) response to declining health and approaching death, and (5) issues of "meaning" as life moves toward death. EMDR's application in grief and multiple loss will be presented. Our culture's attitude that grief is something to "be resolved" and "get over" is a mistake. Grief is an ongoing process, especially when people are dealing with multiple losses of partners, fiends, etc. EMDR is effective in reducing the pain around loss so that the grief process can proceed more comfortably. The workshop will end with discussion of characteristics which therapists need to evaluate in relation to the decision to work or not work with gay and gay HIV infected clients. Working with gay men leads to working with clients with HIV disease. Therapists need to be clear about their boundaries and comfort in dealing with home and hospital visits, touching people who have AIDS, being present at the death of a client, and other issues that arise in HIVIAIDS care. The rewards of working with this population and the life changes it may make for the therapist will also be highlighted.

Keywords: Gay Clients Homosexuality

Accuracy Verified: Yes

425. Siegel, I. (2001, June). EMDR and the psychology of consciousness. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association EMDRIA Conference, Austin, TX .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) develop an understanding of the role of EMDR as a bridge between esoteric concept of consciousness and the western concept of psychotherapy; 2) be able to understand how the role of consciousness, imaqery, and intuition can be applied within the EMDR process; 3) demonstrate an ability to access their own inner vision and higher consciousness, and 4) learn the clinical applications, as an EMDR practitioner, of accessing their own intuition, higher inner senses, and evolving consciousness.

Keywords: Consciousness Imagery Intuition Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

426. Shapiro, F. (2002, December). EMDR and the role of the clinician in psychotherapy evaluation: Towards a more comprehensive integration of science and practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1453-1463. doi:10.1002/jclp.10104.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that has been consistently evaluated as efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. The information processing model that guides its clinical application posits that EMDR should be effective in treating other psychological disorders that have experiential contributors. Research is needed to assess such applications. This special issue features three case series in which EMDR was applied to the treatment of complex PTSD, phobias, and chronic pain, respectively. The authors discuss deficits in the research literature, provide preliminary data on EMDR treatment of these conditions, and offer descriptive guidelines for evaluation that are achievable by the practicing clinician. Two additional articles offer preliminary data on physiological and cognitive/affective concomitants of therapeutic change. It is argued that clinicians should play a greater role in the rigorous and extensive examination of psychological treatments in the context of the exigencies of clinical practice. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Assessment Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD EVT Integration Pain Phobia PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

427. Korn, D. L. (2009). EMDR and the treatment of complex PTSD: A review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 264-278. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.264.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) covers a wide range of conditions, ranging from patients suffering from a one-time traumatic accident to those who have been exposed to chronic traumatization and repeated assaults beginning at an early age. While EMDR and other trauma treatments have been proven efficacious in the treatment of simpler cases of PTSD, the effectiveness of treatments for more complex cases has been less widely studied. This article examines the body of literature on the treatment of complex PTSD and chronically traumatized populations, with a focus on EMDR treatment and research. Despite a still limited number of randomized controlled studies of any treatment for complex PTSD, trauma treatment experts have come to a general consensus that work with survivors of childhood abuse and other forms of chronic traumatization should be phase-oriented, multimodal, and titrated. A phaseoriented EMDR model for working with these patients is presented, highlighting the role of resource development and installation (RDI) and other strategies that address the needs of patients with compromised affect tolerance and self-regulation. EMDR treatment goals, procedures, and adaptations for each of the various treatment phases (stabilization, trauma processing, reconnection/development of self-identity) are reviewed. Finally, reflections on the strengths and unique advantages of EMDR in treating complex PTSD are offered along with suggestions for future investigations.

Keywords: Childhood Trauma Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD DESNOS Psychotherapy Research Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

428. Levin, C. (1992, July). EMDR and the treatment of partners of survivors of sexual abuse. Presentation at the Fourth World Congress on Behaviour Therapy, Queensland, Australia .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Although there are estimated to be millions of survivors of child sexual abuse, little has been said about the partners of these survivors and the extreme difficulties which they encounter. Awe believe that these partners are “vicarious” victims of child sexual abuse themselves. As the survivor begins to deal with the issues of his/her own sexual abuse, it catalyses experiences of guilt, shame, rage, feelings of dissociation, fear, sadness, resentment, etc. The victim’s feelings towards the family or origin and the perpetrator is both emotionally draining and reoccupying to the detriment of the current relationship. The partner may be blamed for lack of understanding and caring and, almost certainly, the quality of the sexual relationship changes for the worse. Often, as the victim bombards the partner with disparaging comments and temper tantrums, the partner may begin a process of emotionally distancing. The survivor experiences this distancing as a further injury and the relationship continues a downward spiral.

Keywords: Partners of Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

429. DiGiorgio, K. E., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C. R., Lyhus, K. E., & Walter, R. C. (2004, September). EMDR and theoretical orientation: A qualitative study of how therapists integrate eye movement desensitization and reprocessing into their approach to psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 14(3), 227-252. doi:10.1037/1053-0479.14.3.227.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study examined how 3 therapists from differing theoretical orientations (psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive–behavioral) integrate eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) into their work with clients. The consensual qualitative research method was used to analyze interview responses from each of the therapists. All of the therapists deviated from the standard EMDR protocol to some degree, and their decisions to either add to or leave out various aspects of the protocol were greatly influenced by their theoretical orientation. They reported that the integration of EMDR into their usual therapy styles varied depending on their clients. The present study expands on previous psychotherapy integration research because it provides detailed descriptions as to how therapists actually use a specific method with clients. Findings may be particularly useful for researchers and therapists interested in the practice of EMDR, as well as the process of assimilative integration.

Keywords: Assimilative Integration Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Empirical Study Humanistic Psychotherapy Integrative Psychotherapy Humanistic Therapy Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Therapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Psychotherapy Integration Qualitative Study Treatment Outcomes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

430. Balbo, M. (2003, May). EMDR and treatment of binge eating disorders. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The study shows use of EMDR therapeutic method in treatment of eating disorders with binge eating episodes with and without purging with clients treated with cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. Dissatisfaction with the client’s own body and inadequacy stemming from the influence of cultural elements seem to be the highest maintenance factors of eating disorders associated with binge eating episodes. The study analyzes n.10 cases of clients with various dysfunctional ideas caused by distorted constructions with respect to their self-esteem, self-acceptance and personal value, as shown both in their EDI 2 (Eating Disorder Inventory – 2 by David M. Garner) scores and the analysis of their life histories. The SQ (Symptom Questionnaire by R. Keller) was also administered since it is particularly indicated for administration at short intervals. The EDI 2 and SQ tests have been administered after n.6 EMDR sessions. Results: Use of EMDR on the negative cognitions formulated, learnt and maintained by clients in their experience, as well as on alternatives to binge eating, has produced a considerable reduction of their dysfunctional ideas, and binge eating behaviors showing additionally an increase of the drive to change, leading to an increased compliance and autonomy in therapy progress. The results obtained shall be presented and discussed.

Keywords: Binge Eating Eating Disorders Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

431. Eimer, B. N. (1995, June). EMDR applications for pain management. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The focus of this 3-hour workshop will be on using EMDR to alleviate emotional distress attendant to coping with acute physical pain and living with chronic pain. Participants in this workshop will learn: (a) how to conduct a targeted assessment of the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain; (b) a guided pain healing meditation; (c) an EMDR protocol for installing pain relief imagery and self-care techniques; (d) an EMDR protocol for reprocessing covert pain talk, pain behaviors and pain-related memories; (e) how to apply A.J. Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing substance abuse (i.e., Overeating, drinking) and dependence on pain medication in this population. The presentation will first address how to conduct a structured assessment that identifies targets for EMDR treatment. The dysfunctional information package associated with chronic pain (termed the "biogram")and "seven keys" to understanding chronic pain will be discussed. Then, essential principles for designing an effective individual psychotherapy program for the pain sufferer will be presented. Next, use of the "seven keys for constructing a guided healing meditation (i.e., Self-care technique) for the pain patient that also incorporates Francine Shapiro's "light stream" and "spiral" guided meditations will be demonstrated. A script for this, termed the "C.O.M.P.I.S.S. Pain Healing Meditation," will be distributed. The workshop will then address how to introduce EMDR to the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain. What EMDR can do and probably cannot do for pain patients will then be discussed. Next, principles for choosing an initial tarqet for reprocessing will be discussed. The presentation will then cover (with clinical case examples): (1) Red flags and cautions to consider before proceeding with EMDR- (2) What to do and what not to do if the patient is dissociative; (3) How to "mirror" and install with EMDR empathic responses to underlying beliefs associated with "secondary gains" minus primary losses; (4) Teaching the distinction between pain sensations and suffering; (5) How to teach and install with EMDR self-care and pain coping techniques such as pain relief imagery, mental distraction techniques, safe place imagery, and positive motivation for healthy self-care behaviors; (6) How to directly address with the patient the application of "cognitive psychology" and imagery for pain reduction; (7) EMDR reprocessing of memories around the pain's origins; (8) EMDR reprocessing of pain-related conflicts, negative beliefs, negative past experiences, internalized self-identifications, self-punitive tendencies and self-defeating behaviors; (9) Eliciting core negative pain coping cognitions and suggesting preferable positive cognitions to the pain patient; (10) EMDR reprocessing of negative cognitions associated with depression and anxiety. (11) Use of EMDR to facilitate mental rehearsal of coping responses to pain triggers; (12) Material that often comes up in using EMDR with pain patients; (13) Strategically restructuring patient "resistance" with coanitive interweave; (14) Managing narcotic and pain medication seeking behavior and substance abuse; (15) Use of Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing medication dependence and substance abuse in this population; (16) Treating pain patients who also have PTSD. Videotaped case excerpts will be shown that illustrate important points covered. If time permits, participants may be able to briefly discuss EMDR applications to specific medical and pain patient populations.

Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Pain Management

Accuracy Verified: Yes

432. Wipson, E. C. (2001, June). EMDR applications in addictive disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) explain addictive brain process; 2) list two client readiness safety issues; 3) list two client resources for Resource Installation with addictions; 4) know standard and addictive EMDR protocol; 5) describe one negative cognition and positive cognition example for "urge" desensitization; 6) list two blocks to processing; and 7) list three "disturbances" connected with Addictive Illness suitable for EMDR processing.

Keywords: Addictive Disorders Client Readiness Resource Installation Safety Issues Urge

Accuracy Verified: Yes

433. Wipson, E. C. (2002, June). EMDR applications in addictive disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be able to explain the addictive brain process in relationship to EMDR treatment goals, list client readiness safety factors, and list appropriate client resources for R.I. They will learn appropriate NC & PC for Addictive Illness treatment. Participants will learn a variety of Addictive Illness issues to be targeted with EMDR including the "initial connection." They will learn an EMDR Addictive Disease Treatment Model with accompanying flowchart.

Keywords: Addictions Addictive Disease Treatment Model

Accuracy Verified: Yes

434. Mitchell, J. T., & Solomon, R. M. (1995, June). EMDR applications to critical incident stress management. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A critical incident is any situation that causes unusually strong emotional reactions that have the potential to interfere with a person's ability to function immediately after the incident or later. These are situations that overwhelm a person's sense of vulnerability and/or control. A critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is a psychoeducational group meeting or discussion about a traumatic incident which ideally takes place within 72 hours of the event. The goals of a CISD are to mitigate the psychological impact of a traumatic event, prevent subsequent development of a post-traumatic syndrome, accelerate recovery, and serve as an early identification mechanism for people who need further follow-up, including EMDR. The steps of a CISD include: 1) introduction - to introduce the intervention team, explain the process, and set expectations. 2) fact - to describe the event from each participant's perspective on a cognitive level. 3) thought - to allow participants to describe cognitive reactions and to transition to emotional reactions. 4) reaction - to identify the most traumatic aspect of the event for participants. 5) symptom - to identify personal symptoms of distress and transition back to the cognitive level. 6) teaching - to educate as to normal reactions and adaptive coping strategies 7) reentry - to clarefy ambiguities and prepare for termination; access for follow-up. In the opinion of the authors, the CISD facilitates the processing of the traumatic information before it becomes crystallized in dysfunctional form. EMDR can be very effective shortly following a CISD, and is particularly usehl for participants who are experiencing distress or intrusive symptoms after the CISD. The CISD structure helps the participant understand the traumatic impact of the incident and provides support and guidance toward adaptive resolution. The EMDR process begins where the CISD leaves off. The CISD helps to delineate the traumatic image, negative cognition, and emotions associated with the event, making the subsequent EMDR process more efficient. EMDR appears to have a very powerful and rapid effect after the CISD, perhaps, because of the initial processing. In other words, the CISD initiates an adaptive processing of the traumatic information; EMDR completes it. EMDR can be implemented individually immediately following the CISD, or the next day. While the CISD is a group process, EMDR is an individual method. EMDR can be explained during the teaching phase of the CISD or after the CISD to the whole group, but EMDR treatment is done individually and privately. EMDR can go beyond a CISD in targeting previous traumas that may underlie the current incident, delve deeper into the meaning of the incident for the person, and target specific stimuli that are relevant to the individual (e.g. Smells, tastes, etc.). The workshop will discuss the application of EMDR to critical incidents. The protocol for recent events will be reviewed. Guidelines for negative and positive cognitions will be discussed. For example, a critical incident usually involves issues of responsibility ("Is it my fault?"), Safety ("Am I safe?"), And/or control ("Do I have choices in life?). It is important that such dynamics are understood when formulating the negative cognition. The dynamics of fear, a framework for understanding a critical incident and resolving issues of vulnerability and powerlessness, will be presented. The model discusses the importance of going beyond defining the moment of peak stress to elucidating subsequent thoughts, actions, and decisions. The implications for cognitive interweaves will be discussed.

Keywords: CISM Critical Incidence Stress Management Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

435. Lawrence, M. (1998, July). EMDR as a special form of ego state psychotherapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) use the ego state bridge technique in order to have more complete knowledge of what issues and experiences may manifest during the EMDR processing; 2) use the ego state bridge technique to access hidden ego states which are not presenting clearly in the course of repeated EMDR sets; 3) work with a patient to formulate the patient's ego state system; 4) identify and access protector ego states which may not want the ego state system to change and which are blocking the EMDR processing; 5) combine EMDR and ego state therapy techniques to get blocking protector ego states to join the therapeutic process; and 6) identify and access appropriate resource ego states which can be used in an ego state interweave to facilitate movement of a patient out of a stuck ego state.

Keywords: Ego State Bridge Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

436. Lawrence, M. A. (1999, June). EMDR as a special form of ego state psychotherapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) be able to use the ego state bridge technique in order to have more compete knowledge of what issues and experiences may manifest during the EMDR processing; 2) be able to use the ego stale bridge technique to access hidden ego states which are not presenting clearly in the course of repeated EMDR sets (e.g., when SUD level is not subsiding); 3) know how to work with a patient to formulate the patient’s ego state system; 4) be able to identify and access protector ego states which may not want the ego state system to change and which are blocking the EMDR processing; 5) be able to combine EMDR and ego state therapy techniques to get blocking protector ego states to join the therapeutic process; 6) be able to identify and access appropriate resource ego state which can be used in an ego state interweave to facilitate movement of a patient out of a stuck ego state; and 7) be able to use a variety of general and specific EMDR techniques and strategies more effectively by using ego state psychotherapy principles as a guiding metamodel.

Keywords: Ego State Bridge Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

437. Lawrence, M. A. (1998, December). EMDR as a special form of ego state psychotherapy, Part I of II. EMDRIA Newsletter, 3(4), 7, 13-15, 24-25.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Ego state therapy has become an increasingly recognized and utilized form of psychotherapy over the past 2 years although it has been used primarily by hynotherapists in the context of the treatment of dissociative disorders. The use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has also expanded extremely rapidly over the past ten years, primarily in the treatment of acute and chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is the thesis of this paper that EMDR can be conceptualized as a special form of ego state therapy. EMDR’s unique contribution to the ego state therapy process is in its subtle but profound, impact on the associative/dissociative process, and ego state therapy can be considered a meta model for informing EMDR therapeutic interventions, particularly with regard to impasses.

Keywords: Ego State Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

438. Lawrence, M. A. (1999, March). EMDR as a special form of ego state psychotherapy, Part II. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(1), 9, 14-15, 34.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Keywords: Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

439. Parnell, L. A. (2007, September). EMDR as a transpersonal psychotherapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a powerful and effective psychotherapeutic method for healing trauma-based problems. In addition to its therapeutic effectiveness, it also leads in many cases to clients opening to transpersonal experiences. In this presentation, information on EMDR’s Adaptive Information Processing model and EMDR procedure are reviewed. Description and discussion of the spiritual unfoldment in EMDR clients is given, along with new research highlighting the following areas: the development of wisdom, compassion, trust in life, forgiveness, insights, epiphanies, experiences of spiritual freedom, and openings into the psychic realm (Turpin, 1999). Also included will be discussion of how to use EMDR to access and strengthen spiritual experiences, using EMDR with clients who have experienced near death experiences, and EMDR and after death communication to heal grief, including research using a new protocol, (Botkin, 1995, 2005). Suggestions on ways to enhance client’s spiritual experiences will be provided, as well as meditation practices.

Keywords: Transpersonal Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

440. Staff. (20120, February 15). EMDR as an effective therapy for trauma-related disorders. Pakistan Press International, Karachi, Pakistan.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
....psychotherapy technique of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ) can prove very effective in the treatment of such trauma-related....

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: No

441. Shapiro, F. (2002). EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Books.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Beyond the talking cure: somatic experience and subcortical imprints in the treatment of trauma; The developing mind and the resolution of trauma: some ideas about information processing and an interpersonal neurobiology of psychotherapy; EMDR and psychoanalysis; EMDR and cognitive-behavior therapy: exploring convergence and divergence; Combining EMDR and schema-focused therapy: the whole may be greater than the sum of the parts; EMDR: an elegantly concentrated multimodal procedure?; EMDR and hypnosis; EMDR and experiential psychotherapy; Feminist therapy and EMDR: theory meets practice; EMDR in conjunction with family systems therapy; Transpersonal psychology, eastern nondual philosophy, and EMDR; Integration and EMDR.

Keywords: Adults Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

442. de Roos, C., & Went, M. (2012, June). EMDR as trauma treatment for infants (0-4 years) [EMDR como tratamiento para el trauma en niños pequeños (0-‐4 años)]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In our therapeutic EMDR work with deaf and hard of hearing clients, we are forced to strongly focus on the visual world. But focus on visual aspects is not only necessary with this client group! When working with pre-‐verbal trauma, with children or adults who are (not yet) fluent in their native speech or when we use EMDR with clients that use a second language, we will have to use alternatives to spoken languages. When used correctly, visual input can enrich and enable the EMDR process greatly. In this presentation we invite visitors to explore the visual aspects and possibilities of the EMDR process with us. Visitors will feel more adequate in using mimic, visual and imaging techniques with their clients. Video material will enrich our presentation. We will present in English and Dutch sign language. Our interpreter will translate the Dutch sign language in spoken English.

Los infantes (0-‐4 años) pueden ser expuestos a diversos tipos de eventos traumáticos, por ejemplo procedimientos médicos intrusivos, abuso sexual y otras formas de violencia física o emocional, y pueden desarrollar síntomas de estrés post-‐traumático. Por otro lado, no es fácil determinar si están traumatizados desde esa edad, la mayoría de los niños no son capaces de comunicar verbalmente sus experiencias. En la mayoría de los ejemplo, son los padres los que notan un cambio en el comportamiento de su hijo y van en busca de ayuda. Los terapeutas junto con los padres y usando la información disponible del propio niño, desarrollan una hipótesis sobre el origen de los síntomas. Si existen indicios de que los síntomas actuales están relacionados con un evento traumático sin procesar, EMDR es idóneo. El método de Cuenta-‐cuentos de Lovett puede ser usado para este propósito. Se necesita prestar una especial atención a la interacción entre los padres y el niño. Los padres pueden encontrar difícil apoyar a su hijo o reaccionar adecuadamente al comportamiento del niño cuando se sienten ansiosos o culpables de este evento traumático. Este tipo de cuestiones deben ser tomadas en cuenta ya que pueden agravar los síntomas ya existentes en el niño Después de una pequeña introducción teórica, numerosos casos serán mostrados en video. Mostramos como los recuerdos traumáticos sin procesar en infantes pueden ser activados y procesados. En uno de los casos EMDR se combinará con elementos de la terapia orientada a padres. Conceptos sobre el apego y sus efectos en el EMDR serán mostrados.

Keywords: Infants

Accuracy Verified: Yes

443. Lendl, J. (2007, September). EMDR basics part II: The positive template. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Requisite for the workshop is Part I. Part II will include a historical review of the Positive Template in psychotherapy and sport. Preliminary research suggests that the Positive Template is useful before the installation phase to help maintain skills between sessions, encourage new skills, and practice ways to handle resistance between sessions. Shapiro’s latest trainings emphasize the Future Template to address avoidance, adaptation and actualization as the third prong and installation and reevaluation phases. Simulation videos will demonstrate the decision making process and the use of resources in the Future Template and the End Session Positive (ESP) Template. There will be supervised practica utilizing the Positive Template to complete processing of the Part I Touchstone Event.

Keywords: Positive Template

Accuracy Verified: Yes

444. Korn, D. (2010, April). EMDR behandeling bij volwassenen met een verleden van incest en verwaarlozing. Het herstellen van ontwikkelings tekorten en het beschadigde ‘zelf’ [EMDR treatment in adults with a history of incest and neglect. Developmental deficits and restore the damaged self]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In deze workshop zal er worden ingegaan op het integreren van EMDR in een algemeen behandelingsplan voor volwassenen die incest en verwaarlozing in hun jeugd hebben meegemaakt. De workshop is een verdieping van de keynote van het congres. De werkwijze zal gedetailleerd worden uitgelegd en zal worden geïllustreerd aan de hand van videopresentaties en bespreking van casuïstiek. In eerste instantie wordt uitgelegd hoe de ontwikkelings- en hechtingsbehoeften van de cliënt onderzocht kunnen worden en hoe een betekenisvolle beschrijvende diagnose kan worden ontwikkeld om tot een geïntegreerd, logisch opgebouwd behandelingsplan te komen. Bij deze groep cliënten, waarbij er sprake is van beperkte affect tolerantie, kwetsbaarheid voor hyper- en hypoarousal, en dissociatieve kenmerken, kan het standaard EMDR protocol worden aangepast met specifieke strategieën. Daar zal uitvoerig op worden ingegaan. Ook zal er veel aandacht besteed worden aan het integreren van specifieke EMDR technieken, zoals diverse ego-versterkende protocollen en hulpbron installatie (RDI), in alle fasen van de behandeling. Tevens zullen er technieken besproken worden die cliënten helpen om hun disfunctionele afweermechanismen los te laten, waardoor het veranderen van schema’s met hun kenmerkende kerngedachten en kernaffecten mogelijk wordt Deelnemers aan deze workshop zullen leren om pathogene gevoelstoestanden, (zoals schaamte, wanhoop, onverdraagelijke eenzaamheidsgevoelens), angsten en ‘blocking beliefs’, ego state conflicten te herkennen, zodat de meest effectieve interweaves en hulpbron opties kunnen worden toegepast. Verder zullen er strategieën voor herstel, zoals het verduidelijken van verantwoordelijkheid, het vaststellen van veiligheid en keuze, en het verwerken van rouw, verlangen en woede, worden besproken.

This workshop will address the integration of EMDR into an overall treatment plan for adult incest and neglect in childhood have experienced. The workshop is a deepening of the keynote of the conference. The methodology will be explained in detail and will be illustrated with video presentations and discussion of case studies. Initially, explains how the development and bonding needs of the client can be investigated and how a meaningful descriptive diagnosis can be developed into an integrated, logical plan of treatment. In this group of clients, where there is limited affect tolerance, vulnerability to hyper-and hypoarousal and dissociative characteristics, the standard EMDR protocol to be adapted to specific strategies. As will be discussed in detail. Also, much attention is paid to the integration of EMDR specific techniques, such as various ego-enhancing protocols and resource installation (RDI) in all phases of treatment. Will also discuss techniques that help clients to their dysfunctional defense mechanisms to let go, so changing schedules with their distinctive core ideas and possible kernaffecten Participants in this workshop will learn to pathogenic emotional states (such as shame, despair, unbearable loneliness feelings), and fears "blocking beliefs", ego-state conflicts to recognize that the most effective and interweaves resource options can be applied. Moreover, through strategies for recovery, such as clarifying responsibilities, establishing security and choice, and the process of mourning, desire and anger are discussed.

Keywords: Adults Developmental Deficits Incest

Accuracy Verified: Yes

445. Lempa, W., Sack, M., & Lamprecht, F. (2005, September 24). EMDR bei akuter PTSD [EMDR for acute PTSD]. In A. Karl & W. Lempa, (Moderators), Symposium 2 Traumaspezifische Interventionen in Forschung und Praxis, Jahrestagung der deutschsprachigen Gesellschaft für Psychotraumatologie DeGPT, September 23-25 Dresden .

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Anhand von klinischen und empirischen Daten wird die Anwendung von EMDR bei akuten Traumatisierungen aufgezeigt. Auf die Besonderheiten der Akutbehandlugn wird eingegangen und der therapeutische Prozess, auch anhand der Fragebogenwerte (IES, PTSS-10, SUD) veranschaulicht. Überlegungen zur Indikation, Durchführung und Kontraindikation für EMDR bei akuter PTSD werden vorgestellt. [Author abstract]

On the basis of clinical and empirical data, the use of EMDR is shown in acute trauma. The special features of Akutbehandlugn is discussed and the therapeutic process, including reference to the questionnaire values (IES, PTSS-10, SUD) illustrates. Review of indications, and contraindications for implementing EMDR with acute PTSD are presented. [Author abstract]

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

446. Schubbe, O. (2008, September). EMDR bei kindern [EMDR in the work with children]. Pre-Congress 9räsentation auf dem 11. Kongress der European Society of Hypnosis in Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Wien, Österreich.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Der Workshop gibt einen kurzen systematischen Überblick über die Techniken, die speziell EMDR in der Psychotherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen eingesetzt. Alter angemessenen Formen der bilateralen Stimulation und der Aktualisierung der Ressourcen und ungelösten Erinnerungen werden erläutert. Kleine Gruppe Übungen sollen den Teilnehmern eine praktische Lernerfahrung. Bewerber für die EMDR-Seminare mit Oliver Schubbe in Linz oder Graz kann dieser Workshop als Schnupperkurs nutzen. Die Teilnehmer sollten bereit sein, die Rolle der ein Kind oder Jugendlicher Client innerhalb einer kleinen Gruppe zu spielen.

The workshop will give a brief systematic overview over the EMDR techniques specifically used in psychotherapy with children and adolescents. Age appropriate forms of bilateral stimulation and of the actualization of ressources and unresolved memories will be explained. Small group exercises are intended to give participants a practical learning experience. Applicants for the EMDR seminars with Oliver Schubbe at Linz or Graz can use this workshop as a taster course. Participants should be willing to play the role of a child or adolescent client within a small group.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

447. ter Heide, J. J. (2011, August). EMDR bij getraumatiseerde vluchtelingen [EMDR with traumatized refugees]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 180-185. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0036-2.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
While EMDR is treatment of choice for traumatized adults with PTSS, its efficacy has not been validated with traumatized refugees. As long as no evidence is available for EMDR with this population, EMDR with refugees should be informed by theoretical approaches to treatment of PTSS in adults. Four approaches are discussed: the phased approach that advocates stabilization before EMDR; the multimodal approach that advocates combining EMDR with other interventions; the trauma-focused approach that advocates offering EMDR to all adults with PTSS, including refugees and, the transcultural approach that advocates a culturally sensitive administration of EMDR. Several pilot studies on EMDR with traumatized refugees, randomized controlled trials of EMDR with multiply traumatized populations, and a trial of EMDR in a non-western setting may further inform EMDR-therapists working with traumatized refugees. Suggestions are made for combining the four approaches and scientific evidence in treatment planning and execution of EMDR with this population. The EMDR protocol itself prescribes several interventions for treating multiply traumatized patients, such as resource development and installation, clustering of traumatic experiences, and cognitive interweaves. Additionally, culturally sensitive interventions may enable the refugee to actively partake in the treatment process by increasing motivation for trauma processing, by diminishing language barriers, and by facilitating the formulation of culturally congruent meanings to trauma. The question remains whether EMDR, which offers an individualistic approach to trauma, is sufficiently suited to address the collective traumatization of victims of war and organized violence.

Keywords: Refugees Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

448. de Roos, C., & Beer, R. (2003). EMDR bij kinderen en adolescenten: De klinische praktijk [EMDR in children and adolescents: The clinical practice]. Kind en Adolescent Praktijk, 2(1), 12-18.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Om ontwikkelingsachterstanden en chronische psychopathologie te voorkomen zijn voor kinderen die lijden onder de gevolgen van traumatische ervaringen, effectieve behandelmogelijkheden van groot belang (Chemtob, Nakashima & Carlson, 2002). EMDR – Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing – blijkt hierbij goede diensten te bewijzen. In dit artikel worden de procedure en de diverse aanpassingen beschreven die nodig zijn voor de toepassing van EMDR bij kinderen en adolescenten. Toepassing bij kinderen vraagt om een benadering die is afgestemd op het ontwikkelingsniveau van het kind, hetgeen vooral tot uiting komt in de attitude van de therapeut en technis