Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. Beccari, A. (2008). Abuso sessuale sui minori: Il sostegno alle giovani vittime [On child sexual abuse: Support for young victims]. Universita Degli Studi di Parma, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract: Il filo conduttore di questo report sarà il trauma.
La prima parte sarà incentrata sulla definizione di trauma, sulle risposte adattive e su quelle
patologiche di fronte ad un evento negativo e sulle variabili individuali e soggettive che
determinano nell’individuo un vissuto traumatico. Quest’ultimo aspetto, infatti, sappiamo
essere fondamentale per capire la differenza che intercorre tra le diverse reazioni (emotiva,
cognitiva e comportamentale) delle persone che si trovano ad essere esposte anche al
medesimo evento disturbante.
La seconda sezione sarà invece dedicata al trauma dei bambini e alle diverse modalità di
condurre un assessment adeguato.
La terza parte si concentrerà, nello specifico, sul trauma da abuso sessuale: ne prenderà in
considerazione la definizione, le conseguenze a breve e medio-lungo termine nonchè le
possibilità di sostegno alle giovani vittime di abuso sessuale intra ed extra familiare. Inoltre
verrà trattata una tecnica piuttosto recente dimostratasi efficace nel trattamento del Disturbo
Post-traumatico da Stress negli adulti come nei bambini: l’EMDR (eye movement
desensitization and reprocessing).
The theme of this report is trauma.
The first part will focus on the definition of trauma, and those on adaptive responses
pathological in the face of a negative event and the individual variables and subjective
determine in the individual a traumatic experience. This latter aspect, in fact, we know
be crucial to understand the difference between the different reactions (emotional,
cognitive and behavioral) of persons who are to be presented on the
same event disturbing.
The second section will be devoted to the trauma of children and the different modes of
conduct a proper assessment.
The third part will focus specifically on the trauma of sexual abuse: it will take
consider the definitions, the short-and medium-long term as well as the
possibility of support for young victims of sexual abuse within and outside the family. also
will be treated fairly new technique proved effective in treating the disorder
Post-traumatic Stress in adults as in children: EMDR (eye movement
desensitization and reprocessing).
Keywords: Children Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Wesselmann, D. (2009, August). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviors associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child’s ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, help the child stay regulated, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviors, coping, and relationships.
Keywords: Children RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Wesselmann, D. (2010, June). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviours. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviours associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child's ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, provide a secure holding environment, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviours, coping, and relationships.
Keywords: Children RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Tardy, J., & El Farricha, M. (2007, Juin). Approache Ericksonienne du traumatisme psychique et thérapie EMDR [Ericksonian approach of trauma]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Les techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne sont des outils très utiles au cours d’une psychothérapie, spécialement avec les personnes ayant connu des traumatismes répétés dans l’enfance. En effect, par le biais d’une dissociation thérapeutique, patient et thérapeute on accès à la mémoire traumatique neurobiologique et psychologique et le patient pourra (ré)experimenter la confiance dans ses propres forces naturelles.
Cependant, manié avec peu de précaution l’hypnose risqué d’aggraver la dissociation pathologique. L’association des techniques éricksoniennes et du protocole de la thérapie EMDR augmente les capacitiés de l’espirt et du corps et offre au paitent un meilleur contrôle émotionnel et un amélioration del la (ré)orientation à la réalité.
Le travail des auteurs est a situé dans le cadre de la psychothérapie brève des victimes et s’appuie sur une approche éricksonienne du traumatisme psychique et la thérapie EMDR en tant que novelle méthode thérapeutique efficace pour l’ESPT.
Mohammed El Farricha et Josette Tardy psychologues cliniciens, présenteront un apercu d’un programme de traitement psychothérapique expérimenté avec des patients en ambulatoire ces dix dernières années.
Dans cet atelier l’accent sera plus particulièrement mis sur l’apport des techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne qui semblent cliniquement efficaces et peuvent venir renforcer le protocole EMDR au cours des phases: evaluation et terminaison.
Il s’agira par exemple de démontrer comment, lors de l’évaluation, guider la personne vers la concentration interne nécessaire à une desensitisation complete? Ou encore comment mieux projeter le patient dans un future <
Ericksonian hypnosis techniques are useful tools in the course of psychotherapy, especially with people who have experienced repeated trauma in childhood. In effect, through a separation treatment, patient and therapist is memory access neurobiological and psychological trauma for the patient to (re) experiment confidence in its own natural forces.
However, handled with some caution hypnosis risked aggravating the pathological dissociation. The combination of Ericksonian techniques and EMDR protocol extends the capabilities of espirt and body and offers better paitent emotional control and improvement del (re) orientation to reality.
The authors' work is situated in brief psychotherapy of victims and an approach based on Ericksonian of psychic trauma and EMDR as an effective therapeutic method novella for PTSD.
Mohammed El Farricha and Josette Tardy clinical psychologists, will present an overview of a program of psychotherapy experimented with outpatients in the last ten years.
In this workshop the emphasis will be placed on the contribution of Ericksonian hypnosis techniques that seem clinically effective and can reinforce the EMDR protocol in phases: evaluation and termination.
Some examples demonstrate how, during the evaluation, guide the person towards the internal concentration required for a complete desensitisation? Or how to better plan the patient in a future <> limitations of trauma?
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Body memory - A single case study of recovered memories through treatment of EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This case is presented with the client’s full knowledge and consent. Personal details have been changed to protect the client’s identity.
This case involved an adult male client with an over-riding sense of low self esteem and self-sabotaging behaviours, including binge eating disorder, gambling and drinking.
The client had no clear target memories relating to any of his behaviours or beliefs about himself – but reported a deep-seated sense of self-disgust – with no clear idea of where this feeling originated from or the thought behind it.
With nothing else to work with, we focused on the target body sensation of self-disgust, orientating in the heart area. Upon this point, the client reported having a circumcision operation as a child of around 7 or 8 years of age. Although this did not initially appear relevant, the client was asked to stay with the body sensation in the groin area, upon which the client reported “seeing” the surgeon’s face with a look of disgust on it. The surgeon removed the client’s foreskin and threw it in a plastic basin, looking at the client with a look of utter disgust, which the client interpreted and internalised as “You disgust me.”
Following on this unusual revelation, with the client’s involvement, collaborative evidence was sought on the memory. The surgical procedure was confirmed to be true by the client’s mother, although it was also confirmed by medical staff and the client’s mother that the client has remained under anaesthetic throughout the entire procedure. This may explain the lack of initial memory and why the memory was only accessible through body sensation.
Upon further inquiry, the client stated: “I didn’t see the surgeon with my eyes – I saw his disgust in my heart.”
The client’s mother further confirmed that the surgeon had indeed been disgusted and possibly expressed his disgust – however, not at the client, but rather at the previous inferior surgical attempt at a circumcision which had been botched during the client’s infancy, hence the client’s need for the second operation. The client somehow had “felt” the surgeon’s disgust – but being of such a young age, interpreted it as being disgust at his boy, rather than the previous operation.
What is interesting to note is that the client made a full recovery with a normal attribution of self-esteem and a complete absence of self-sabotaging behaviours with two treatment sessions, following his initial body memory. At 6-month follow up there continues to be no return of any previous self-sabotaging behaviours (e.g., drinking, gambling, binge eating) and the client expresses a healthy self-esteem.
Keywords: Body Memory Case Study Recovered Memory Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Miller, R. (2011, August). Breaking impulse-control disorders: A new theory and protocol for compulsions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Feeling-State Theory of Impulse-Control Disorders postulates that Impulse-Control Disorders such as pathological gambling, sexual addiction, and compulsive shopping are created when intense positive feelings become linked with specific behaviors. The effect of this linkage is that the person compulsively reenacts the behavior related to that original positive-feeling event. The therapy described in this presentation is the Impulse-Control Disorder Protocol (ICDP), which uses a modified form of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to address these fixations. Three case studies wiill be used to illustrate the theory and the application of ICDP.
Keywords: Feeling-State Theory Impulse-Control Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Emard, P. (1995, June). A brief look at MRI brief therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The MRI approach to brief therapy originated out of the serendipitous coming together of several incredibly creative minds that
resulted in a form of psychotherapy in which the major goal was to make psychotherapy more efficient and more effective. It evolved
out of research project on communication begun by anthropologist Gregory Bateson that soon involved the work of hypnotherapist
Milton H. Erickson and psychiatrist Don Jackson. John Weakland, Jay Haley, Paul Watzlawick and Richard Fisch began to publish
the ideas that resulted fiom the early research findings and in doing so developed a particular set of assumptions about the formation
and resolution of human problems that differed significantly from traditional treatment models of the time. Further refinements
through the clinical application of these methods resulted in a model of treatment that was a pioneer of the brief psychotherapy
movement. It is based on a non-normative and non-pathological way of viewing people with problems; it looks at people in the
context of their living situations; it resists the idea of client resistance, it places great emphasis on the use of language; and it seeks
to amplify client assets and resources and minimize client liabilities and shortcomings.
Brief therapists assume a willingness to be an active change agent for the benefit of their clients. They accept responsibility for
creating an atmosphere of respect, patience, and creativity in which clients can find alternative ways to think and behave. They
believe they have a set of tasks to perform that will hopefully result in the resolution or, as a minimum, the diminishment of the
problem situation for which the client originally sought help.
These tasks consist of a combination of ways of thinking and acting that are designed to increase the likelihood that the client will
experience relief from a painful problem. One of the main tasks for a brief therapist is to find ways to construe the problems
presented by the client so that a solution can be found. Brief therapists inquire into the interactional systemic aspects of a problem,
the context or environment in which the problem occurs, the people involved in the problematic situation, and the ways the client has
attempted to resolve the problem thus far.
Another very important task is to identify and gain access to the persons who are the most interested in and willing to work toward
changing the problem situation. The idea here is to spend the bulk of the therapeutic time and effort working with the person who is
most invested in the change process. Brief therapists find ways to appeal to this person's values and belief systems so that (s)he will
engage in activities and/or alter her/his behavior in ways that are likely to change the problem situation.
A third task on which brief therapists concentrate is the establishment of clear, concrete, and doable goals of treatment. They
collaborate with the client to determine what the client hopes to gain from treatment and when the client will know she is ready to
handle life on his/her own, this assumes an emphasis on the client's present and the possibilities for the client's future rather than
his/her past.
The fourth task brief therapists focus on is the development of ways of intervening in the way the presenting problem is being
handled in the present time. This is based on the central assumption that one of the main goals of psychotherapy is to induce
clients to change the way a problem is handled. Such intervening is the result of thoughtful and careful consideration of many factors
surrounding the problem situation and involves the use of a variety of skills.
A final task for the brief therapist is to find ways to remove him/herself from the client's life in such a way that the client has faith in
her/his own ability to function effectively without the therapist.
This treatment model offers clinicians an opportunity to work in positive, goal-directed ways that clients find helpful and therapists
find challenging and satisfying. It calls upon clinicians to develop keen observation skills, the ability to see things fiom a variety of
perspectives, and an appreciation for the vast resources clients bring with them to therapy. While it is a simple model of treatment, it
is by no means an easy one to master. It requires clinicians to step outside their usual frames of reference in the pursuit of creative
solutions to difficult human problems. It rewards them with a greater sense of accomplishment and increased client satisfaction.
In the ever-changing world of mental health, this is no small achievement.
Keywords: MRI Brief Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Holmes, E. A., James, E. L., Coode-Bate, T., & Deeprose, C. (2009). Can playing the computer game “Tetris” reduce the build-up of flashbacks for trauma? A proposal from cognitive science. PLoS ONE, 4(1): e4153. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004153 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background.
Flashbacks are the hallmark symptom of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Although we have successful treatments for full-blown PTSD, early interventions are lacking. We propose the utility of developing a ‘cognitive vaccine’ to prevent PTSD flashback development following exposure to trauma. Our theory is based on two key findings: 1) Cognitive science suggests that the brain has selective resources with limited capacity; 2) The neurobiology of memory suggests a 6-hr window to disrupt memory consolidation. The rationale for a ‘cognitive vaccine’ approach is as follows: Trauma flashbacks are sensory-perceptual, visuospatial mental images. Visuospatial cognitive tasks selectively compete for resources required to generate mental images. Thus, a visuospatial computer game (e.g. “Tetris”) will interfere with flashbacks. Visuospatial tasks post-trauma, performed within the time window for memory consolidation, will reduce subsequent flashbacks. We predicted that playing “Tetris” half an hour after viewing trauma would reduce flashback frequency over 1-week.
Methodology/Principal Findings.
The Trauma Film paradigm was used as a well-established experimental analog for Post-traumatic Stress. All participants viewed a traumatic film consisting of scenes of real injury and death followed by a 30-min structured break. Participants were then randomly allocated to either a no-task or visuospatial (“Tetris”) condition which they undertook for 10-min. Flashbacks were monitored for 1-week. Results indicated that compared to the no-task condition, the “Tetris” condition produced a significant reduction in flashback frequency over 1-week. Convergent results were found on a clinical measure of PTSD symptomatology at 1-week. Recognition memory between groups did not differ significantly. Conclusions/Significance.
Playing “Tetris” after viewing traumatic material reduces unwanted, involuntary memory flashbacks to that traumatic film, leaving deliberate memory recall of the event intact. Pathological aspects of human memory in the aftermath of trauma may be malleable using non-invasive, cognitive interventions. This has implications for a novel avenue of preventative treatment development, much-needed as a crisis intervention for the aftermath of traumatic events.
Keywords: Flashbacks Tetris
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
There is increasing evidence to support the biological basis of mental disorders. Subsequently, understanding the neurobiological context from which mental distress arises can help counselors appropriately apply cognitive behavioral therapy and other well-researched cognitive interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the neurobiological context underlying the formation and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders, a mental disorder frequently encountered by counselors, from a cognitive therapy framework.
Recent changes to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) accreditation standards include the need for counselors-in-training to understand the neurobiological basis of behavior, which marks a new direction for the training of professional counselors who have historically reacted ambivalently toward medical models for understanding client concerns and treatments. Yet recent findings in neuroscience actually support the verbally based interventions that counselors typically use in treatment; therefore, there is much to be gained by counselors and counselor educators in understanding the basics of human neurobiology and how commonly used counseling interventions intervene on these biological systems. The National Institute of Mental Health (2010) stated in a recent strategic plan that “Important discoveries in areas such as genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science largely account for the substantial gains in knowledge that have helped us to understand the complexities of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders over the past 15 years” (“Introduction,” para. 4).
Given the increasingly biological focus of mental health research, the practicing counselor is faced with the task of understanding and using the emerging mental health treatments and explaining to clients, to reimbursing agencies, and to the broader public how counseling fits within the medically dominated mental health culture. Some counselors have long reacted ambivalently toward the pathologically oriented diagnostic categories of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system and the medication-dominated world of psychiatry. For example, the contrasting viewpoints on this issue were published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between Allen and Mary Ivey (1998, 1999) and Scott Hinkle (1999). Ivey and Ivey (1998) argued for a developmental interpretation to the DSM-IV, opposing what they called the “pathological view” (p. 334) of the manual. According to Ivey and Ivey, disorders could be viewed through a positive development tradition to lie not within the individual but within the contextual systems in which a person lives. Subsequently, disorders are viewed as a “logical response to a developmental history” (Ivey & Ivey, 1999, p. 484). By contrast, Hinkle (1999) argued that because anxiety and depressive disorders “are the most common clinical symptoms associated with presentation to counseling” (p. 475), the counseling profession is weakened if counselors shy away from direct participation in the DSM nomenclature and treatment parlance. As Hinkle indicated, “mental disorders according to the medical model describe disease processes, not people” (p. 475). Regardless of the reader's philosophical perspective, practicing counselors know participation in medical and psychiatric systems is necessary at times. Also, recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience are providing evidence that interventions often used by counselors have direct physiological impact on client neurobiology (Kennedy et al., 2007; Linden, 2006). For example, Felmingham et al. (2007) demonstrated significant differences in brain activity before and after 8 weeks of exposure therapy, which correlated with a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Similarly, Paquette et al. (2003) found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alters the activation and metabolism of specific brain regions following successful treatment of spider phobia. These findings, along with others (for a detailed review, see Beauregard, 2007; Frewen, Dozois, & Lanius, 2008), are significant because they support the techniques, interventions, and approaches used by counselors and provide a mechanism by which counseling positively affects brain physiology. Within the emerging physiologically based treatment milieu, counselors should be prepared to articulate how cognitive counseling interventions make measurable changes to the client. Although cognitive-behavioral-based approaches are effective in the treatment of a number of psychiatric illnesses, adult PTSD is arguably one of the best understood mental disorders from a neurological perspective. It thus presents a valuable model for exploring not only the basic tenets of neurobiology but also the mechanisms behind its successful treatment. Furthermore, PTSD is a disorder that counselors will likely encounter in practice.
PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization. Thus, it provides a clear example of how, even in adulthood, neurological adaptation (in this case maladaptive changes) can functionally “rewire” the brain in a short period of time, resulting in a sustained array of clinical symptoms. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD are a history of exposure to a traumatic event meeting two criteria and symptoms from each of three symptom clusters: intrusive recollections, avoidant/numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. A fifth criterion concerns duration of symptoms and a sixth assesses functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 (Kessler et al., 2005), determined that the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD among American adults is 6.8%, with women (9.7%) twice as likely as men (3.6%) to have the disorder at some point in their lives. These findings are very similar to those of the first National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the early 1990s (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), which was composed of interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans ages 15 to 54 years. In this earlier sample, the estimated prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 7.8% in the general population. As in the more recent survey, women (10.4%) were more than twice as likely as men (5%) to have PTSD at some point in their lives (Kessler et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 1995).
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Neurobiological Basis of Behavior Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Besson, J., Eap, C., Khazaal, Y., Montagrin, Y., Rihs-Middel, M., Simon, O., Tissot, H., Tomei, A., Zumwald, C., Zullino, D. (2008, Janvier). Dépendances [Addictions]. Revue Medicale Suisse, 4(139).
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Cette année, les commentaires de la toxicomanie met en évidence cinq aspects, dans une perspective bio-psycho-sociale: (1) La relation entre la méthadone et de cardiotoxicité. (2) L'introduction de la désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement (EMDR). (3) L'apparition d'une pharmacothérapie possible spécifique pour le jeu excessif. (4) Une meilleure connaissance de la relation entre le cannabis et les psychoses. (5) La résistance au traitement dans la relation médecin-patient.
This year reviews on the addictions emphasizes five aspects, on a bio-psycho-social perspective: (1) The relationship between methadone and cardiotoxicity. (2) The introduction of Eye Movement Desensibilization and Reprocessing (EMDR). (3) The apparition of a possible specific pharmacotherapy for excessive gambling. (4) A better knowledge of the relationship between cannabis and psychoses. (5) Resistance to treatment in the doctor-patient relationship.
Keywords: Addiction Cadiotoxicity Cannabis Gambling Methadone Psychoses
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Popky, A. J. (2002, June). DeTur a new way to address addictions and dysfunctional behaviors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This prootcol has been used effectively by EMDR therapists over the years in dealing with a wide range of addictions and behaviors, including substances, eating, gambling, sex, etc. This presentation will consist of didactic, visuals, demonstrations of various phases with case examples from the author and other therapiess and case examples. Also addressed will be some of the many different pitfalls in dealing with this population and methods to deal with the problems.
Keywords: Addictions DeTur
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Laugharne, J. (2010, July). The effect of EMDR on pathological personality traits: An initial case series. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There is little published data regarding the effect of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) on personality
disorders and pathological personality traits. A PTSD clinic has been developed at Fremantle Hospital in Western Australia
since May 2009. All patients referred are initially assessed using the MINI–plus for DSM IV axis I diagnoses, the PTSD Checklist,
and the SCID 2 for personality traits/disorders. These assessments are carried out again post treatment. All patients accepted
for treatment have PTSD according to DSM IV criteria but most have comorbid axis I diagnoses and often marked pathological
personality traits or personality disorders. The primary psychological treatment for PTSD offered at the clinic is EMDR. In this
presentation, data will be presented regarding an initial series of cases treated for PTSD at the clinic using EMDR with an
emphasis on changes in their SCID 2 scores post-treatment and how this relates to changes in PTSD scores. The theoretical
and practical implications of the data will be discussed in the context of the existing literature as well as transcultural
considerations and future research directions outlined.
Keywords: Personality Traits
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Molero-Zafra, M., & Perez-Marin, M. (2010, Abril). El EMDR aplicado al trastorno de duelo patológico. Presentacion de un caso [EMDR applied to pathological grief disorderm Presentaton of a case]. Presentación en el Congreso Internacional Sobre los avances psicológicos, Asociación Española de Piscología Conductual, Granada, Espagna.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Keywords: Bereavement Grief
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Molero-Zafra, M., & Pérez-Marín, M. (2010, Abril). El EMRD aplicado al trastorno de duelo patológico. Presentación de un caso [EMDR applied to pathological grief disorder. Case report]. In EMDR: Un abordaje integral de la personalidad traumatizada (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el Congreso Internacional sobre Avances en Tratamientos Psicológicos, Granada, Espagna.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
La pérdida de un ser querido es un evento de gran impacto emocional
que afectando a todo el sistema familiar, puede ser muy diferente en el modo
en que cada uno de sus miembros perciba, interprete, afronte y se adapte
a la nueva situación tras la pérdida y las demandas por ella creadas. Es
frecuente que una pérdida no elaborada de forma adecuada dé paso a problemas
emocionales e incluso trastornos psicopatológicos al cabo de meses
o incluso años; sin embargo, un duelo adecuadamente elaborado mejora las
capacidades futuras para enfrentarse a las situaciones de pérdida, frustración
o sufrimiento.
La premisa fundamental del modelo de procesamiento adaptativo de información
(PAI) en la que se basa la terapéutica de EMDR sería: la perturbación
que la persona sufre en la actualidad es el resultado de un almacenamiento
disfuncional de la información (Shapiro, 2001). El procesamiento
implica el forjar nuevas asociaciones con información adaptativa proveniente
de otras redes de memoria disponibles para vincularse en la red de memoria
restaurando la información disfuncional almacenada. Desde este modelo, el
duelo complicado se desarrolla cuando los componentes individuales son
tan dolorosos, que se desarrolla una alta sensibilidad cada vez que se reactiva
un fragmento del recuerdo y no se logra la integración. Los fragmentos
activados pueden competir por la atención en la mente, haciendo que ésta
vaya de atrás para adelante entre dos o más aspectos de la muerte. Esta
falta de foco impide el procesamiento de los fragmentos individuales, como
cuando el procesamiento de la pérdida en si misma se desvía por el recuerdo
de los detalles de cómo la persona murió.
En esta comunicación, presentamos el protocolo de EMDR aplicado al
duelo complicado a través del análisis de un caso clínico.
The loss of a loved one is an event of great emotional impact
that affect the entire family system, may be very different in the way
in that each of its members perceive, interpret, and adapt confronts
to the new situation after the loss and the demands created by it. this is
loss often not adequately prepared to give way to problems
psychopathology emotional and even after months
or even years, but properly prepared duel improves
future capabilities to face situations of loss, frustration
or suffering.
The fundamental premise model adaptive information processing
(AIP) which is based on EMDR therapy would be: the disturbance
the person is currently suffering is the result of a storage
Dysfunctional information (Shapiro, 2001). processing
involves forging new partnerships with adaptive information from
other networks available memory on the network to link memory
restoring the dysfunctional information stored. From this model,
Complicated grief occurs when the individual components are
so painful that develops high sensitivity reactive whenever
a fragment of memory and integration is not achieved. fragments
activated can compete for attention in the mind, causing it
go back and forth between two or more aspects of death. this
lack of focus prevents processing of the individual fragments, as
when processing the loss itself is diverted by the memory
the details of how the person died.
In this paper, we present the EMDR protocol applied to
Complicated grief through the analysis of a clinical case.
Keywords: Bereavement Case Study Grief Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Grbesa, G., Stankovic, D., & Simonovic, M. (2008, June). Electrophysiological changes during EMDR treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Efficiency of the EMDR procedure is based on a presumption of neuropsychological changes in therapeutically
process. The aim of the investigation is scanning and gives evidence of electroactivity changes, during the process
and after finishing it. Method: We have recorded a continual polygraph EEG, before, in time and after EMDR
therapy, in patient who had PTSD. Results: The EEG before treatment showed background activity low voltage
20-30 μV, 12-13 Hz frequency, bioccipital, without pathological activity. Patient had prominent vegetative
symptoms (anxiety, heart rate 100/min). Background activity after treatment showed voltage about 50 μV,
frequency dominant 12 Hz which showed reduction of anxiety, and reduction of vegetative disturbance.
Keywords: Electrophysiological Changes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Albers, J. (2008, June). EMDR & cue exposure – How cue exposure catalyses the effectiveness of the EMDR protocol to diminish craving. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A structured six-session group therapy has been developed for overcoming craving. Treatment is
based upon a standard EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure techniques. The EMDR protocol
supported by cue exposure catalyses the recovery process as follows: In the very beginning the
participants are taught a set of three ideodynamic resources for coping with the urge to drink. Then
they are exposed to alcohol until the urge to drink reaches it´s peak. At this moment they are taught
to initialize the standard EMDR protocol - with continued exposure to alcohol. Subsequently, the
power of desensitisation and reprocessing followed by one ideodynamic strategy influences the
intensity of craving significantly. Craving symptoms diminish and finally disappear. In addition to that
new experience the clients acquire greater and deeper knowledge about their personal drinking
triggers. They also find out which strategy is the most effective one for each specific trigger. A
strategy, which works well with one trigger, may not work with a different one. Workshop
participants will learn the system of using cue exposure as a powerful cognitive interweave. This
program is designed to improve the treatment of various types of addiction, such as gambling, etc.
and can easily be integrated into existing EMDR treatment strategies.
Keywords: Cue Exposure
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. McGoldrick, T., Begum, M., & Brown, K. W. (2008). EMDR and olfactory feference syndrome: A case series. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 63-68. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.63.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is an illness currently considered a delusional disorder under the DSM-IV criteria. Patients believe that they emit a foul odor, causing them great emotional distress and negative social consequences. Its etiology is inadequately understood, and there is generally a poor response to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. This article describes the treatment of four consecutive cases of ORS whose pathological symptoms had endured for 8-48 years. The administration of EMDR consisted of processing the various life experiences that appeared to cause and/or trigger the pathology. The EMDR sessions resulted in a complete resolution of symptoms in all four cases, which was maintained at follow-up. Given the rapid and sustained results, we offer a hypothesis based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model to explain the etiopathology and remission. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adults AIP Case Report Delusional Disorder Females Olfactory Reference Symptoms ORS Shame Stressors Survivors Trauma Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. ten Broeke, T., & Oppenheim, H-J. (2008, Maart). EMDR bij de behandeling van complexe PTSS en ernstige dissociatie [EMDR in the treatment of complex PTSD and severe dissociation]. Presentatie aan de derde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Bij de behandeling van patiënten met complexe PTSS ten gevolge van type 2 trauma, wordt de behandelaar geconfronteerd met twee grote problemen: 1) hoe een overzichtelijke structuur aan te brengen in de veelheid aan traumatische gebeurtenissen, en 2) hoe om te gaan met pathologische dissociatie.
In deze voordracht wordt in eerste instantie een aanpak gepresenteerd waarmee de therapeut en patiënt kunnen komen tot een zodanige
(hiërarchische) ordening van de traumatische gebeurtenissen, dat een gefaseerde en overzichtelijke behandeling mogelijk wordt.
Vervolgens zal nader ingegaan worden op het verschijnsel dissociatie en zal worden uitgelegd welke algemene technieken toegepast kunnen worden bij dissociatieve reacties. Ten slotte zal aan de hand van videobeelden worden gedemonstreerd hoe met een aangepast EMDR basisprotocol het mogelijk is om bij mensen met secundaire en tertiaire structurele dissociatie, door activatie van een alterpersoonlijkheid, het traumatisch materiaal waardoor de alterpersoonlijkheid is ontstaan a. te ontsluiten, b. te verwerken en c.
te integreren
When treating patients with complex PTSD as a result of Type 2 trauma, the therapist faces two major problems: 1) how an organized structure to the multitude of traumatic events, and 2) how to deal with pathological dissociation .
In this lecture primarily an approach is presented that the therapist and patient can come to such a
(Hierarchical) organization of the traumatic events that a phased and orderly treatment possible.
Will then be elaborated on the phenomenon of dissociation and will explain the general techniques can be applied to dissociative reactions. Finally, using video to demonstrate how a modified EMDR basic protocol it is possible in people with secondary and tertiary structural dissociation, through activation of an alter personality, traumatic materials which alter personality created a. to access, b. processing and c. integrate.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Tarquinio, C. (2007). EMDR et prise en charge du psychotraumatisme [EMDR and management of psychological trauma]. En L. Crocq, (Ed.), Traumatismes psychiques: Prise en charge psychologique des victimes (pp. 157-167). Issy-les-Moulineaux: Elsevier-Masson. doi:10.1016/B978-2-294-07144-7.50016-6.
Language: French
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
L’eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) est
une méthode thérapeutique inaugurée par Francine Shapiro
en 1989 et qui consiste à utiliser les mouvements oculaires
contrôlés pour décharger la conscience de ses affects pathologiques. En une dizaine d’années, l’EMDR a trouvé son indication privilégiée dans le traitement de l’état de stress posttraumatique (ESPT), donnant lieu à un grand nombre d’études. Aux États-Unis, il y a en effet aujourd’hui plus de publications d’études contrôlées sur le traitement de l’ESPT par la
thérapie EMDR que par tout autre type d’interventions cliniques, y compris les traitements médicamenteux. Les recommandations pour l’usage de cette approche thérapeutique ne
manquent pas, provenant des plus éminentes sociétés savantes reconnues sur le plan international pour leurs compétences
en ce qui concerne la question du syndrome de stress posttraumatique. L’objectif de ce chapitre sera de permettre une meilleure connaissance de la thérapie EMDR, en exposant d’abord l’historique de la méthode, puis son cadrage théorique, et ensuite le protocole de base de cette thérapie.
The eye movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic method inaugurated by Francine Shapiro
in 1989 and of using eye movements controlled to discharge the consciousness of his pathological condition. In ten years, EMDR has found its ideal indication for the treatment of the state of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resulting in a large number of studies. In the U.S., there is indeed now more publications of controlled studies on the treatment of PTSD by
EMDR than any other type of clinical interventions, including medication. Recommendations for the use of this therapeutic approach does abound, from the most eminent scientific societies recognized internationally for their expertise
regarding the issue of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The purpose of this chapter will enable a better understanding of EMDR, exposing
First, the history of the method and its theoretical framework, and then the basic protocol of this therapy.
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Schubbe, O. (1997). EMDR in der therapie psychisch traumatisierter kinder, Institut fur Traumatherapie - Oliver Schubbe EMDR in der Therapie psychisch traumatisierter Kinder [EMDR in the treatment of psychologically traumatized children]. In C.T. Eschenröder (Hg.), EMDR. Eine neue Methode zur Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen. DGVT-Verlag, Tübingen 1997.
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Erschienen in C.T. Eschenröder (Hg.): EMDR. Eine neue Methode zur Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen. DGVT-Verlag, Tübingen 1997. ISBN 3-87159-138-6.
Die Kindheit, vor allem die ersten Jahre, gelten als die Zeit, in welcher die menschliche Psyche im Tiegel der Lebenserfahrung grundlegend geformt und geprägt wird. Extremerfahrungen können die relativ stabile Psyche eines Erwachsenen in pathologischem Maße beeinträchtigen. Im Kindesalter wirkt sie sich besonders stark auf die Entwicklung der Gesamtpersönlichkeit aus (Pynoos et al., 1995). Ausgehend von einer entwicklungspsychologischen Perspektive werden in diesem Beitrag allgemeine Prinzipien der Traumatherapie Kindern und Möglichkeiten beschrieben, EMDR mit Kindern zu praktizieren. Mehrere Fallstudien haben gezeigt, daß EMDR für Kinder mindestens ebenso hilfreich ist wie für Erwachsene (Chemtob, C. M., 1996; Cocco & Sharpe, 1993; Greenwald, 1993, 1994; Pellicer, 1993; Puffer et al., 1996; Scheck et al., 1996; Shapiro, 1991; 1995, S. 276-281).
Published in C.T. Eschenröder (ed.), EMDR. A new method for processing traumatic memories. DGVT-Verlag, Tübingen 1997th ISBN 3-87159-138-6.
The childhood, especially the first few years are regarded as the time in which the human psyche in the crucible of life experience is fundamentally shaped and influenced. Extreme experiences can affect the psyche of a relatively stable adult pathological degree. In childhood, she has an especially strong on the development of overall personality (Pynoos et al., 1995). Based on developmental psychology from the perspective described in this article general principles of trauma therapy, children and opportunities to practice EMDR with children. Several case studies have shown that EMDR for children is at least as helpful as for adults (Chemtob, CM, 1996; Cocco & Sharpe, 1993; Greenwald, 1993, 1994; Pellicer, 1993; Buffer et al., 1996; Scheck et al. , 1996; Shapiro, 1991, 1995, p. 276-281).
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Bisping, V. (2011, June). EMDR with patients with dentophobia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
An appointment at the dentist’s is not what most people look forward to. For some people, however, even the mere thought of having to undergo dental treatment causes them to feel extreme fear and panic. Between 5 and 15% of the world population suffer from such a pathological form of dental fear, called dental phobia. Dentally anxious individuals commonly avoid necessary dental procedures for many years despite deteriorating oral health, agonizing pain and severe psychosocial problems. The majority of individuals with dental phobia recall a traumatic event as cause for the onset of their fear. Interestingly, nearly 50% of them even suffer from posttraumatic stress symptoms, such as intrusive memories, nightmares, hyperarousal and avoidance behavior. EMDR can be a very useful instrument to help dentally anxious people to cope with past traumatic experiences and to prepare them for future confrontations with phobic stimuli.
The 90-minute workshop will give background information to the problem of pathological dental fear and present evidence from research showing that EMDR is an effective treatment method for dentophobia. The main focus will be on the practical procedure, which will be illustrated using video sequences of patient sessions.
Learning objectives:
This workshop will provide you with the following information:
•a short review of current research and literature
•the use of the EMDR protocol in its specific application to dentally anxious patients, with special emphasis on preparing the patient for future confrontations
by working with flashforwards, future template and video check
•ways of combining EMDR with other cognitive, behavioral and imagery techniques in the treatment of dental phobia.
Keywords: Dentophobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Balbo, M. (2006). EMDR: Uno strumento di dialogo fra le psicoterapie [EMDR: A tool for dialogue among the psychotherapies]. Milano: McGraw-Hill.
Language: Italian
Format: Book
Abstract:
Negli ultimi anni, con l’affermarsi dell’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) come approccio terapeutico consolidato, sono stati formati nel mondo più di 80.000 terapeuti di matrice psicoterapeutica diversa, 1600 soltanto in Italia. Un così ampio interesse per questo metodo potrebbe far rilevare che proprio nell’EMDR i terapeuti, seppure di differente formazione, abbiano ricercato e intravisto uno strumento per poter avviare un dialogo, costruttivo e non soltanto oppositivo, iniziando a considerare la patologia attraverso un nuovo e integrante punto di vista.
Il paradigma dell’Elaborazione Adattiva dell’Informazione messo a punto da Francine Shapiro parte dal presupposto che i fenomeni patologici dipendono da esperienze disturbanti del passato che avviano un modello permanente di emozioni, cognizioni, comportamenti e le strutture di identità che ne conseguono. Il paradigma, pertanto, offre una teoria unificante che può essere considerata come substrato per tutti gli orientamenti terapeutici quando si definisce la patologia come informazione immagazzinata in modo disfunzionale e che può essere adeguatamente integrata attraverso un sistema di elaborazione e risoluzione adattiva, attivato attraverso il protocollo EMDR.
Questo è il primo testo che affronti il tema assai vivo e di attualità dell’integrazione fra i diversi orientamenti psicoterapeutici attraverso un metodo eclettico quale l’EMDR. I contributi degli autori - rappresentanti delle principali scuole di pensiero attualmente presenti nel mondo della psicoterapia italiana - tracciano un percorso di lettura che dimostra come i costrutti teorici e il protocollo EMDR siano compatibili ed efficacemente integrabili con i maggiori nuclei teorici, tradizionali e innovativi. E sono proprio l’elaborazione dei vissuti e i nuovi e più adattivi insight dei pazienti che si attivano attraverso l’approccio EMDR a poter consentire ai terapeuti di capirsi e di utilizzare un linguaggio comune.
In recent years, with l’affermarsi dell’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) as consolidated therapeutic approach have been trained in the world of 80,000 practitioners of different psicoterapeutica array, 1600 only in Italy. A so broad interest for this method could detect that your nell’EMDR therapists, albeit different training, have looked up and saw a tool to be able to start a constructive dialogue and not only oppositivo, beginning to consider the disease through a new and an integral point of view.
The Adaptive Information Processing model paradigm made to point by Francine Shapiro part from the assumption that the pathological phenomena depend on disturbing experiences of the past that initiate a permanent model of emotions, knowledge, attitudes and structures of identity that it entails. The paradigm, therefore, provides a unifying theory that can be considered as a substrate for all therapeutic guidelines when you define the pathology as information stored so dysfunctional and can be adequately integrated through a system of processing and adaptive resolution activated through the EMDR protocol.
This is the first text that tackles the issue very live and topical dell’integrazione between the different psychotherapy guidelines through an eclectic method such as EMDR. Contributions by authors - representatives of major schools of thought are currently in the world of Italian psychotherapy - draw a path of reading that shows how the theoretical constructs and EMDR Protocol are compatible and effectively integrate with the more theoretical, traditional and innovative nuclei. And its elaboration of the living and the new and more adaptive insight of patients that trigger through EMDR to allow practitioners understand you and use a common language.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Staff. (2004, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Office of Substance Abuse Services, Current Tx Trends, 2(7), 1-2.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Over the last decade, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprogramming (EMDR) has emerged as a well documented treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). A growing body of research is exploring its application to the treatment of other pathological conditions, including substance use disorders. EMDR was developed in the late 1980s by Francine Shapiro, at the time a graduate student in English literature confronting a diagnosis of cancer. Ms. Shapiro noted that, when dealing with her own distressing memories, simultaneously focusing on eye movements appeared to decrease the associated negative emotions. She assumed that eye movements had a desensitizing effect, and upon further investigation found that others also had the same response to the technique.
Keywords: Pathological Conditions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Substance Abuse Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Cohen, S. (2000). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): The making of a psychotherapy. McGill University (Canada). AAT MQ64135.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (ENDR) therapy has burst upon the
psychotherapeutic scene as a tirne-limited, cost-contained, and efficacious treatrnent for anxiety,
stress, and psychological trauma. Although this therapy has been pronounced as revolutionary
by its inventor, Franche Shapiro, it has distinct historicd precedents. The explanatory models of
pathogenic memory and dissociation îheory, and the reiiance on mechanical inference for
objectivity rnake EMDR therapy famiIiar and salieut. Notions of suggestion and hypnosis, aud
the eye-movement component of therapy are presented as discontinuous with clinical and
theoreticai practice, in order to fiee them h m the tainting associations of pseudo-science and
quackery. By co~ect ingth e curent EMDR movement with the conceptual and practical history
of traumatic memory, dissociation, and suggestion, 1 argue that EMDR is not revolutionary. It is
a powerful technotogy of the self, nomaking and valourking certain ways of behaving and
thinking. Shapiro's implicit assurnptions that psychological suffering is pathological, and that
early traumatic events are indelibly encoded, stored and dissociated in the brain are
problematized. A briefcornmentary on the mord, politicai, and psychotherapeutic implications
of EMDR therapy is provided.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Miller, R. (2013, May). The feeling-state theory and the feeling-state addiction protocol. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Substance and behavioral addictions such as gambling compulsions, sex addictions, and smoking have been
notoriously resistant to treatment. The Feeling-State Theory (FST) of Addiction presents a new understanding
of the etiology of addiction. FST hypothesizes that addictions are caused by a fixation of a positive feeling event.
Afterwards, whenever the person wants to feel that feel-good feeling, the link with that particular behavior is
triggered. With this new understanding of addictive behavior, the Feeling-State Addiction Protocol (FSAP) uses
a modified form of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR) to break the fixation, resulting in a complete resolution
of behavioral addictions and the elimination of the urges and cravings of substance addictions, usually within 4
to 5 sessions. The resolution for behavioral addictions is so complete that, for example, a gambler can actually
return to gambling without activating the compulsion. The presentation will explicate the FST hypothesis, present
research data, case histories, and describe the process of utilizing the FSAP. (Introductory – 75% EMDR)
Learning objectives:
• Participants will be able to explain the Feeling-State Theory of Behavioral and Substance Addiction and the
underlying etiology of addictions as understood by this approach.
• Participants will be able to name 3 differences between the standard EMDR protocol and the Feeling-State
Addictions Protocol.
• Participants will be able to name the 3 sets of beliefs targeted for comprehensive treatment using the FSAP
within the EMDR protocol.
• Participants will be able to explain how to use the FSAP for both behavioral and substance addictions.
Keywords: Addictions Feeling-State Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Miller, R. (2013, May). The feeling-state theory and the feeling-state addiction protocol. Presentaton at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Substance and behavioral addictions such as gambling compulsions, sex addictions, and smoking have been
notoriously resistant to treatment. The Feeling-State Theory (FST) of Addiction presents a new understanding
of the etiology of addiction. FST hypothesizes that addictions are caused by a fixation of a positive feeling event.
Afterwards, whenever the person wants to feel that feel-good feeling, the link with that particular behavior is
triggered. With this new understanding of addictive behavior, the Feeling-State Addiction Protocol (FSAP) uses
a modified form of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR) to break the fixation, resulting in a complete resolution
of behavioral addictions and the elimination of the urges and cravings of substance addictions, usually within 4
to 5 sessions. The resolution for behavioral addictions is so complete that, for example, a gambler can actually
return to gambling without activating the compulsion. The presentation will explicate the FST hypothesis, present
research data, case histories, and describe the process of utilizing the FSAP. (Introductory – 75% EMDR)
Learning objectives:
• Participants will be able to explain the Feeling-State Theory of Behavioral and Substance Addiction and the
underlying etiology of addictions as understood by this approach.
• Participants will be able to name 3 differences between the standard EMDR protocol and the Feeling-State
Addictions Protocol.
• Participants will be able to name the 3 sets of beliefs targeted for comprehensive treatment using the FSAP
within the EMDR protocol.
• Participants will be able to explain how to use the FSAP for both behavioral and substance addictions.
Keywords: Addictions Feeling-State Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Miller, R. (2005). The feeling-state theory of compulsions and cravings and decreasing compulsions and cravings using an eye movement protocol. Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA. AAT 3166384.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Compulsions and cravings such as gambling and sex compulsions have been the subject of behavioral and psychodynamic treatment. This study formulates a new theory of compulsions and cravings, called the Feeling-State Theory of Compulsions, and utilizes a technique called the Eye Movement Compulsion Protocol (EMCP) for decreasing both the feelings and behavior. The Feeling-State Theory postulates that positive feelings and behavior are fixated in the body during an intense experience, creating the feeling-state. The result is that, when the person desires that feeling again, the feeling-state including the behavior is recapitulated. Just as the use of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to reduce Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the EMCP technique utilizes eye movements to decrease the feeling-state associated with compulsions. The present study utilizes a multiple baseline single case research design with 4 subjects. Skin conductance levels (SCL) and a self-report scale (SUES) are the dependent variables. Two of the subjects provide support for both the theory and the EMCP technique. Both the change in SCL and the SUES values for 1 compulsion are clearly decreased post-intervention while the other compulsions values remain relatively stable. One of the other 2 subjects provided less clear support for the theory and technique but reveals some unexpected interactions between compulsions. The other subject's baseline values did not remain stable enough for a clear result but did not contradict the results of the other subjects. The conclusion is reached that the overall results of the study support the Feeling-State Theory of Compulsions and the usefulness of the EMCP technique to decrease compulsions and cravings. Although the findings in this study can not be conclusive because of the small number of subjects, the results do open up new approaches for research.
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 66(2-B), 2005, pp. 1178.
Keywords: Compulsions Craving Empirical Study Eye Movements Pathological Gambling
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Miller, R. (2010, September). The feeling-state theory of impulse-control disorders and the impulse-control disorder protocol. Traumatology, 16(3), 2-10. doi:10.1177/1534765610365912.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Impulse-control disorders such as pathological gambling, sexual addiction, and compulsive shopping cause enormous suffering in
people’s lives. The feeling-state theory of impulse-control disorders postulates that these disorders are created when intense
positive feelings become linked with specific behaviors. The effect of this linkage is that, to generate the same feeling, the person
compulsively reenacts the behavior related to that original positive-feeling event, even if detrimental to his or her own wellbeing.
This reenactment creates the impulse-control disorder. The therapy described in this article is the Impulse-Control
Disorder Protocol (ICDP), which uses a modified form of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to address
these fixations. A case study of an individual with pathological gambling illustrates the application of ICDP.
Keywords: Compulsion Gambling Impulse-Control Disorders Sexual Addiction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Kavakci, Ö., Semyz, M., Kaptanoðlu, E., & Ozer, Z. (2012, Ocak). Fibromiyaljide EMDR'nin etkinliðinin araþtýrýlmasý: Yedi olguyu içeren bir klinik çalýþma [EMDR treatment of fibromyalgia, a study of seven cases]. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(1), 75-81.
Language: Turkish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Fibromiyalji sendromu (FMS) etiyolojisi belli olmayan, yaygın vücut ağrıları, belirli anatomik bölgelerde
duyarlılık, azalmış ağrı eşiği, uyku bozuklukları, yorgunluk ve sıklıkla ruhsal sıkıntı ile karakterize eklem dışı romatizmal
bir hastalıktır. Çeşitli yaklaşımlar denenmesine rağmen etkili bir tedavisi yoktur. FMS ile psikiyatrik bozuklukların
ilişkisine sıklıkla vurgu yapılmakta ve FMS hastalarında ruhsal travma yaygınlığı dikkat çekmektedir.
Kronik ağrılı durumlar için tedavi arayışları giderek daha fazla psikoterapi yaklaşımlarına yönelmiştir. Bu çalışmada
FMS tanısı konan yedi hastanın EMDR yaklaşımı ile tedavisine yanıtları araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: FMS tanısı
konmuş 22-41 yaşları arasındaki altı kadın ve bir erkek olgunun tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında duyarlı nokta sayıları
(DNS) belirlendi, Vizüel Ağrı Skalasında (VAS) bildirdikleri ağrı düzeyleri kaydedildi. Hastalar tedavi öncesi ve
sonrasında Fibromiyalji Etki Anketi (FEA), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Travma Değerlendirme Ölçeği (TDÖ),
Pittsburg Uyku Kalitesi Ölçeği (PUKÖ), Öfke Tarzı Ölçeğini (SÖÖTÖ) doldurdu. Hastalara varsa yaşadıkları travmalara
yönelik, saptanamadı ise ağrılarına yönelik beş-sekiz seans arasında EMDR tedavisi uygulandı. Bulgular:
Tedavi sonunda hastaların bildirdikleri VAS, PUKÖ, FEA, TDÖ, BDÖ puanlarında anlamlı azalma olmuştur. Fizik
muayene ile DNS’de anlamlı azalma bulunmuştur. SÖÖTÖ’de sürekli öfke, öfke içe ve öfke dışa puanlarında
anlamlı değişme olmazken; öfke kontrol puanında görülen artma anlamlıdır. Tedavi sonunda altıncı olgu dışındaki
hastaların FMS ölçütlerini karşılamadığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu hasta grubunda FMS tedavisinde EMDR tedavisinin
etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic disease with unknown etiology and is characterized by widespread pain, increased tenderness in some anatomical regions, increased pain sensitivity, sleep disorders, fatigue and frequently by psychological distress. Though many approaches have been tried there is no effective treatment for FMS. The relationship between FMS and psychiatric disorders is known, recently some researches point to the frequency of psychological trauma in patients with FMS. The search for treatment for chronic painful conditions has more and more focused to psychotherapeutic approaches. In this study, seven patients diagnosed were attempted to be treated with EMDR approach. Methods: 22-41years aged six women and one man diagnosed with FMS were admitted to the study. Before and after the treatment tender point count was identified and patients scored their pain levels at Visuel Analog Scale. Patients filled in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS). If the patients have reported, trauma was focused on, if they have not reported any trauma, pain was focused. Five-eight sessions of EMDR was applied to the patients. Results: After the treatment, there were statistically significant reduction in patient reported VAS, PSQI, FIQ, PDS, and BDI scores.There was signify-cant decrease in tender point counts. Though there was no change in trait anger, anger-in and anger-out subscores of STAS, the increase in anger management subscore was significant. After the treatment, none of the patients met the FMS criteria but one patient (6th patient). Conclusion: EMDR therapy was effective in the treatment of these patients with FMS.
Keywords: Fibromyalgia Pathological Psychology Psychiatric Rating Scale Psychotherapy Visual Analog Scale
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Morris-Smith, J. (2012, June). Footsteps into the future: EMDR for children and families using a neurodevelopmental perspective [Pasos hacia el futuro: EMDR para niños y familias desde una perspectiva del neurodesarrollo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The
acquisition
of
clinical
skills
in
developing
successful
EMDR
therapeutic
practices
is
in
itself
a
journey
of
discovery.
Each
step
forward
brings
new
clinical
puzzles,
challenges
and
insights:
why
are
some
individuals
able
to
use
the
EMDR
therapy
more
smoothly
that
others;
what
is
the
role
of
attachment;
how
are
preverbal
memories
made
and
how
do
they
become
accessible
to
verbal
recall
with
EMDR
therapy;
what
is
the
developmental
role
of
dissociation
and
why
do
some
evolve
into
coherent,
integrated
individuals
whilst
others
develop
pathological
dissociation?
This
paper
presents
a
neurodevelopmental
approach
to
inform
our
clinical
practice
of
EMDR
therapy
with
children,
adolescents
and
adults.
Brain
development
is
affected
by
both
genetic
and
environmental
factors
and
included
in
the
latter
are:
the
family
milieu,
physical
illness,
toxins
and
developmental
opportunities.
During
development
the
brain
organizes
from
the
bottom
to
the
top
with
the
lower
parts
of
the
brain
developing
earliest.
The
majority
of
the
brain
organization
takes
place
during
the
first
4
years
of
life.
Development
of
the
brain
in
childhood
unfolds
in
a
series
of
stages
with
higher
cortical
areas
entering
final
developmental
processes
much
later
in
childhood
and
into
early
adulthood.
How
to
integrate
neurodevelopmental
aspects
with
our
EMDR
clinical
practice
to
develop
healthier
positive
future
trajectories
for
children,
adolescents
and
their
families
is
discussed.
This
paper
will
be
illustrated
by
the
use
of
video
clips
and
case
material.
La
propia
adquisición
de
las
habilidades
clínicas
para
desarrollar
prácticas
terapéuticas
de
EMDR
de
éxito
es
de
por
sí,
un
viaje
de
descubrimiento.
Cada
paso
hacia
delante
nos
plantea
nuevos
rompecabezas,
retos,
y
conocimientos
clínicos:
¿Por
qué
algunos
individuos
encuentran
menos
obstáculos
en
la
aplicación
de
terapia
con
EMDR
que
otros?;
¿Cuál
es
la
función
del
apego?;
¿Cómo
se
forman
los
recuerdos
preverbales
y
cómo
se
accede
a
ellos
mediante
el
recuerdo
verbal
con
la
terapia
con
EMDR?;
¿Qué
papel
desempeña
la
disociación
en
el
desarrollo
y
por
qué
algunas
personas
se
convierten
en
individuos
coherentes
e
integrados
mientras
que
otros
desarrollan
una
disociación
patológica?
Esta
ponencia
pretende
presentar
un
planteamiento
desde
el
neurodesarrollo
para
instruir
nuestra
práctica
clínica
de
terapia
con
EMDR
con
niños,
adolescentes
y
adultos.
El
desarrollo
cerebral
se
ve
afectado
por
factores
tanto
genéticos
como
ambientales;
entre
éstos
últimos
se
incluyen:
el
entorno
familiar,
las
enfermedades
físicas,
las
toxinas
y
las
oportunidades
de
desarrollo.
Durante
el
período
de
desarrollo,
el
cerebro
organiza
desde
abajo
hacia
arriba,
siendo
las
áreas
inferiores
del
cerebros
las
que
primero
se
desarrollan.
La
mayor
parte
del
desarrollo
cerebral
ocurre
durante
los
cuatro
primeros
años
de
vida.
El
desarrollo
del
cerebro
durante
la
infancia
sucede
en
una
serie
de
etapas,
entrando
las
áreas
corticales
superiores
en
los
últimos
procesos
de
desarrollo,
mucho
más
tarde
en
la
infancia
y
al
principio
de
la
vida
adulta.
Se
abordan
las
cuestiones
de
cómo
integrar
aspectos
de
neurodesarrollo
en
nuestro
trabajo
clínico
con
EMDR
para
poder
desarrollar
trayectorias
más
sanas
y
positivas
para
el
futuro
para
los
niños,
adolescentes
y
sus
familias.
Se
emplearán
grabaciones
en
vídeo
y
notas
clínicas
para
ilustrar
esta
ponencia.
Keywords: Children Families Neurodevelopment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. van der Zee, H., & Zaal, A. (2011, April). Het emotionele brein; EMDR & neuropsychologie [The emotional brain, EMDR & neuropsychology]. Presentatie op de 5e Jaarlijkse Conferentie van EMDR Vereniging Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Het menselijk brein is bijzonder veerkrachtig. Als gevolg op een traumatische ervaring ontstaat er in het lichaam een keten aan reacties. De meeste van deze reacties zijn adaptief en gericht op een natuurlijke verwerking. Bij 10 tot 20 % van de mensen die een traumatische ervaring meemaken verloopt de verwerking pathologisch en ontstaat een post traumatische stress stoornis. Lichamelijke veranderingen als gevolg van langdurige stress of een genetische gevoeligheid kunnen hierbij een rol spelen. Bij de verwerking van emotionele gebeurtenissen en psychotrauma zijn verschillende hersenstructuren betrokken. In deze presentatie zal een toelichting worden gegeven op biologische factoren bij het ontstaan van psychotrauma en de rol van ‘ het emotionele brein’ bij traumaverwerking. Ook zal worden ingegaan op de wijze waarop bilaterale stimulatie deze processen mogelijk beïnvloed en hoe dit zich verhoudt tot vigerende verklaringsmodellen over de werkzaamheid van EMDR. Tot slot wordt een casus gepresenteerd waarbij EMDR is toegepast in een neuropsychologische behandeling en is er ruimte voor discussie over de toepassing van EMDR bij neuropsychologische problematiek.
The human brain is very resilient. Due to a traumatic experience develops in the body of a chain reaction. Most of these responses are adaptive and focused on a natural process. At 10 to 20% of people who experience a traumatic experience does the pathological process and creates a post-traumatic stress disorder. Physical changes resulting from prolonged stress or a genetic susceptibility may play a role. In the processing of emotional events and psychotrauma several brain structures involved. This presentation will be given an explanation on biological factors in the development of psychotrauma and the role of the emotional brain in trauma. It will also examine how these processes affect bilateral stimulation and how this relates to current models of explanation about the efficacy of EMDR. Finally, a case presented which EMDR was used in a neuropsychological treatment and there is room for discussion about the use of EMDR with neuropsychological problems.
Keywords: Neurobiology Neuropsychology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Flumeri, F., Salmaso, D., & Pagani, M. (2008, 26-28 Settembre). Impatto dell'EMDR sulle fuzioni e sulla neurobiologia cerebrali [Impact on EMDR and neurobiological brain functions]. In T. Farma (Chair), Simposio, Il modello psicotraumatologico: Un ponte tra indicatori neurobiologici e Psicoterapia. VII Congresso SPR Italia, Modena.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Introduzione:negli ultimi anni il numero di studi condotti nell’ambito dei disturbi causati da eventi traumatici ha subito una forte accelerazione rilevando l’esistenza di alterazioni fisiologiche e morfologiche in specifiche aree cerebrali associate sia alla risposta emotiva al trauma che alla insorgenza dei sintomi della sindrome da stress post-traumatico (PTSD).
L’impiego delle tecniche di neuroimmagine ha consentito di fare luce sui correlati neurali della psicoterapia, rivelando i suoi effetti neurobiologici sulla funzione cerebrale. Nell’ambito dei diversi approcci psicoterapeutici, l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy) è emerso come promettente risorsa per il trattamento del trauma e di altri disturbi d’ansia, sebbene ancora non sia stata completamente chiarita la sua modalità di azione sui circuiti neurali. Molte ricerche sono state effettuate per valutare l’efficacia dell’EMDR, ma solo un numero esiguo di esse ha indagato il substrato neurobiologico di questa psicoterapia.
Le metodiche di neuroimmagini utilizzate finora per studi sull’EMDR sono la Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) e la Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). La prima raccoglie dati sull’attivita’ cellulare cerebrale mentre la seconda riporta dati anatomici strutturali.
Gli studi funzionali condotti con SPECT consentono di identificare le variazioni del metabolismo e del flusso ematico cerebrale, suggerendo un ruolo specifico per ciascuna area cerebrale coinvolta nel complesso meccanismo che sottende il processamento delle emozioni; la MRI consente invece di rilevare la presenza di variazioni morfologiche e volumetriche di specifiche strutture cerebrali. Negli ultimi anni, studi SPECT e MRI, volti ad esaminare gli effetti dell’EMDR sulla fisiopatologia cerebrale in pazienti affetti da disturbi d’ansia, hanno riscontrato sostanziali variazioni del flusso ematico ed alterazioni strutturali di alcune regioni cerebrali in seguito a terapia.
L’efficacia dell’EMDR nel trattamento del PTSD è stata confermata da uno studio SPECT su sei soggetti ( Lansing et al.) (1) che ha evidenziato dopo terapia una diminuzione del flusso ematico nel lobo occipitale bilateralmente e nel lobo parietale sinistro e un aumento di flusso nel giro frontale inferiore sinistro. Sempre utilizzando la SPECT Oh e Choi (2) hanno riportato una significativa modificazione del flusso cerebrale in seguito ad EMDR, prevalentemente riscontrabile nell’area limbica e nella corteccia prefrontale. Un recente studio con utilizzo di MRI (3) ha inoltre messo in evidenza un aumento di volume dell’ippocampo in seguito a trattamento con EMDR, aumento invece non riportato in un lavoro di Lindauer et al. su 9 soggetti con PTSD, nonostante il successo clinico della psicoterapia eclettica eseguita (4).
Obiettivi: il nostro gruppo ha studiato gli effetti a breve e lungo termine dell’EMDR (5, 6) dimostrando la sua efficacia nel trattamento di soggetti traumatizzati sul lavoro, e una stabilità del miglioramento clinico ottenuto in risposta alla terapia, ancora presente a distanza di tre anni. Nell’ambito dello stesso progetto sono state anche studiate le variazioni del flusso ematico cerebrale e della volumetria di alcune strutture cerebrali in relazione alla terapia con EMDR. Un primo studio SPECT ha analizzato la variazione della distribuzione di flusso in 11 soggetti guariti clinicamente da PTSD in seguito a EMDR messi a confronto con 5 soggetti nei quali la terapia non ha avuto effetto (7). Risultati: è stato evidenziato nei soggetti con remissione sintomatologica significative differenze di flusso in 4 aree corticali, alla disfunzione delle quali sono ascrivibili alcuni sintomi presenti in corso di PTSD. Diminuzioni di flusso post-terapia sono state registrate nell’ippocampo, nella corteccia parieto-occipitale e nella corteccia visiva primaria. L’ippocampo e’ sede della memoria a breve termine; la corteccia parieto-occipitale processa il riconoscimento di volti, dei corpi e delle parole; la corteccia visiva primaria custodisce la memoria visiva degli eventi. La mancata inibizione e/o l’iperattivita’ di queste regioni nel PTSD sono responsabili della rivisitazione patologica dell’evento traumatico e della presenza di flashback ed immagini allucinatorie. Inoltre la corteccia frontale dorsolaterale ha dimostrato un aumento di flusso nei soggetti che hanno risposto positivamente alla terapia. Questa regione chiave oltre ad essere deputata ad inibire la risposta patologica a stimoli che ricordano l’evento traumatico e’ essenziale per i processi di attenzione e di autostima, diminuiti in corso di PTSD e recuperati in seguito alla remissione della malattia. In ulteriori studi che combinano indagini funzionali e strutturali utilizzando SPECT e MRI abbiamo messo in evidenza il valore predittivo delle dimensioni dell’ippocampo riguardo all’efficacia della terapia con EMDR (Pagani et al. sottomesso).
Conclusioni: gli effetti della terapia con EMDR sono risultati, unitamente ad un consistente miglioramento della sintomatologia e ad una riduzione della iperreattività a stimoli di carattere emotivo, in una normalizzazione funzionale di alcune aree specifiche e in un aumento del volume ippocampale probabilmente ascrivibile a neo-neurogenesi. Questi risultati sono in linea con la pregressa letteratura e con le attuali conoscenze sul PTSD e suggeriscono basi neurobiologiche dell’effetto terapeutico dell’EMDR confermandone l’impatto funzionale su strutture cerebrali coinvolte in patologie ansiogene.
Bibliografia:
1. Lansing et al. (2005). J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci;17(4):526-532.
2. Ho DH and Choi J. (2007). J EMDR Pract Res;1(1):24-30.
3. Bossini et al. (2007). J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci; 19(4):475-476.
4. Lindauer et al. (2005). Psychol Med ; 35 :1-11.
5. Hogberg et al. (2007). Nord J Psych; 61(1):54-61.
6. Hogberg et al. (2008). Psych Res; doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.019.
7. Pagani et al. (2007). Nuc Med Comm; 28(10):757-65. [Pagani abstract]
Introduction In recent years the number of studies in disorders caused by traumatic events has been greatly accelerated by detecting the existence of morphological and physiological changes in specific brain areas associated with both the emotional response to trauma to the onset of symptoms Post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD).
The use of neuroimaging techniques has allowed to shed light on the neural correlates of psychotherapy, revealing the neurobiological effects on brain function. Under the different psychotherapeutic approaches, EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy) has emerged as a promising resource for the treatment of trauma and other anxiety disorders, although still not been fully elucidated its mode of action on neural circuits. Many studies have been carried out to assess the effectiveness EMDR, but only a small number of them have investigated the neurobiological substrate of this psychotherapy.
The methods used so far for neuroimaging studies on EMDR are Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The first collects data on 'brain cells while the second contains structural anatomical data.
The functional studies performed with SPECT to identify changes in metabolism and cerebral blood flow, suggesting a specific role for each brain area involved in the complex mechanism underlying the processing of emotions, instead of MRI allows detection of morphological changes and volume of specific brain structures. In recent years, MRI and SPECT studies, aimed to examine the effects of EMDR on brain pathophysiology in patients with anxiety disorders, have found substantial variations in blood flow and structural alterations of some brain regions after treatment.
The effectiveness of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD was confirmed by a SPECT study in six subjects (Lansing et al.) (1) showed that after treatment reduced blood flow in the occipital lobe bilaterally and in left parietal lobe and a increase of flow in left inferior frontal gyrus. Always using SPECT Oh and Choi (2) reported a significant change of cerebral blood flow after EMDR, mainly found in limbic and prefrontal cortex. A recent study using MRI (3) has also highlighted an increase in volume of the hippocampus after treatment with EMDR, but no increase in reported work of Lindauer et al. on 9 subjects with PTSD, despite the clinical success of eclectic psychotherapy performed (4).
Objectives: Our group has studied the effects of short and long term EMDR (5, 6) demonstrating its effectiveness in treating traumatized individuals at work, and stability of clinical improvement obtained in response to therapy, yet this distance three years. Within the same project were also studied changes in cerebral blood flow and volume of certain brain structures in relation to treatment with EMDR. A first SPECT study analyzed the change in flow distribution in 11 subjects clinically recovered from PTSD after EMDR compared with 5 subjects in whom treatment had no effect (7). Results: It was shown in patients with symptomatic remission, significant differences in flow in 4 cortical areas, which are attributable to dysfunction of some symptoms of PTSD being present. Flow decreases post-treatment were recorded in the hippocampus, cortex parietal-occipital and primary visual cortex. The hippocampus and 'seat of short-term memory, the parietal-occipital cortex processes the recognition of faces, bodies and words, the primary visual cortex preserves the visual memory of events. The lack of inhibition and / or 'hyperactivity' of PTSD in these regions are responsible for the pathological review of the traumatic event and the presence of flashbacks and hallucinatory images. Moreover, the dorsolateral frontal cortex showed an increase in flow in subjects who responded positively to therapy. This key region in addition to being appointed to inhibit the pathological response to stimuli that recall the traumatic event and 'essential for the processes of attention and self-esteem, decreased in the course of PTSD and recovered following the remission of the disease. In further studies that combine functional and structural investigations using SPECT and MRI have shown the predictive value of the size of the hippocampus on the effectiveness of EMDR therapy (Pagani et al. Submitted).
Conclusion: the effects of EMDR therapy were coupled with a significant improvement in symptoms and a reduction of hyperreactivity to stimuli, emotional, functional in a normalization of some specific areas and an increase in hippocampal volume probably due to neo- neurogenesis. These results are consistent with previous literature and with current knowledge about PTSD and suggest a neurobiological basis of therapeutic EMDR confirming the functional impact on brain structures involved in anxiety-disorders.
Bibliography:
1. Lansing et al. (2005). J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci, 17 (4) :526-532.
2. I DH and J. Choi (2007). J EMDR pract Res, 1 (1) :24-30.
3. Bossini et al. (2007). J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci, 19 (4) :475-476.
4. Lindauer et al. (2005). Psychol Med, 35 :1-11.
5. Högberg et al. (2007). Nord J Psych, 61 (1) :54-61.
6. Högberg et al. (2008). Psych Res, doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.019.
7. Pagani et al. (2007). NUC Med Comm, 28 (10) :757-65. [Pagani abstract]
Keywords: Brain Functions Neurobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Lendl, J., & Foster, S. (2011, August). Intro to EMDR performance enhancement psychology: A twenty year update. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
While EMDR Performance Enhancement Psychology can address clinical issues such as performance anxiety, self-defeating beliefs, behavioral inhibitions, PTSD, and psychological recovery from injury for creative and performing artists, workplace employees, and athletes; it can also be very useful with everyday non-pathological complaints such as procrastination, fear of failure, setbacks and life transitions. Lendl and Foster initiated EMDR-PEP in 1991. This workshop will be a twenty year update to the introduction of EMDR-PEP. There will be a brief history of EMDR-PEP, research, AIP theory, and useful performance skills that therapists can integrate into their work with clients. The workshop will include lecture, role playing demo with group practice and, hopefully, time for questions.
Keywords: Performance Enhancement Update
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Lazzari, D. (2008, Novembre). L'EMDR in ottica PNEI (interazione corpo-mente) [EMDR in optical PNEI (interaction body-mind)]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In questi anni l’EMDR si è affermata come trattamento di evidenza nel più classico e più grave dei disturbi direttamente legati allo stress, cioè il PTSD (Bisson & Andrew, 2007) e sono stati evidenziati i suoi effetti sul SNC. Nonostante questo ed il suo progressivo impiego in una ampia varietà di situazioni sono ancora poche le riflessioni sull’EMDR dal punto di vista dell’integrazione mente-corpo, in particolare utilizzando i dati offerti dal campo di ricerca della PNEI. Nel presente lavoro ci soffermeremo su alcuni di questi aspetti per evidenziare come l’EMDR rappresenta una delle terapie più rispondenti alle nuove evidenze scientifiche ed alle esigenze di una scienza integrata della salute.
Tre gli elementi salienti offerti dalla ricerca:
1. La vita ha plasmato nel percorso evolutivo strutture altamente integrate, descrivibili come sistemi complessi a rete in retroazione continua con il contesto. In particolare i sistemi nervoso, endocrino ed immunitario costituiscono nel network psicocorporeo un “super-sistema” di relazione e regolazione in grado di assicurare gli equilibri adattativi incorporando l’esperienza e gestendo la dinamica mantenimento-cambiamento (“regolazione allostatica”). Quindi l’organismo non è una macchina fatta di parti autonome tra loro assemblate, ma una realtà che parte dall’unità (zigote) e mantiene tale carattere unitario in tutte le sue articolazioni.
2. Lo stress non è qualcosa di per sé eccezionale e patologico, deve invece essere visto – all’opposto – come l’espressione di un insieme di processi (un sistema) che modulano la regolazione individuo-contesto a fini adattativi. In sostanza il sistema dello stress è sempre attivo e solo in situazioni di eccesso o di carenza (acute o croniche) produce effetti progressivamente dannosi per l’individuo. Le attività legate allo stress producono un “carico allostatico” (peso biologico, energetico) che – in relazione a fattori soggettivi ed esterni – può divenire “sovraccarico” innescando una catena di successive alterazioni nel funzionamento dell’organismo. Parallelamente vi è un “carico” ed un “sovraccarico psicologico” legati al primo da processi circolari.
3. Nel network corporeo e nel sistema dello stress, ovvero nei processi di regolazione generale interni e individuo-contesto, la mente svolge un ruolo cruciale di modulazione come dimensione nella quale i segnali (interni ed esterni) vengono trasformati in informazioni (assegnazione di significati) in base ai percorsi ed alle esigenze individuali di adattamento. La mente rappresenta così la più alta espressione dell’evoluzione della vita e delle sue strategie adattative e ciò spiega il suo ruolo rispetto al funzionamento complessivo dell’organismo. Le recenti acquisizioni delle neuroscienze hanno mostrato l’interdipendenza tra attività psichica, espressione genica e plasticità cerebrale che rende possibile il ruolo della mente.
Il sovraccarico allostatico e psicologico legati allo stress dipendono in gran parte dall’attività mentale e costituiscono il principale fattore di rischio per la salute nelle società occidentali, antecedenti accertati delle patologie più diffuse. Se guardiamo a quanto detto sinora nell’ottica dello sviluppo individuale (fase intrauterina, processi di attaccamento, eventi significativi successivi) possiamo avere una idea di come mente, corpo e contesto interagiscono nella strutturazione dell’individuo ed il ruolo condizionante e de-strutturante delle situazioni e degli eventi che provocano una alterazione da stress. Le ricerche sul rapporto tra stress e sviluppo psicobiologico, tra modalità di attaccamento, strutturazione dei circuiti cerebrali, o tra queste e salute, confermano tali assunti (Lazzari, 2007). Venendo più da vicino all’EMDR, gli studi sulla psicobiologica del PTSD stanno mostrando che siamo di fronte sostanzialmente ad una manifestazione (particolarmente complessa ed accentuata) degli effetti dello stress sul network psicocorporeo (Iribarren et al., 2005). La ricerca sul PTSD (e gli altri disturbi da stress del DSM) deve incrociare necessariamente i filoni di studio sopra richiamati ed utilizzare la cornice concettuale che ne scaturisce.
Gli effetti psicobiologici dello stress estremo e del trauma vanno inquadrati nell’ambito delle
interazioni mente-corpo e della regolazione allostatica (carico vs sovraccarico allostatico).
A nostro avviso, al di là degli specifici effetti sul SNC, l’EMDR si è mostrata efficace nel PTSD in relazione alla sua caratteristica generale di ricercare ed utilizzare come “target” non singoli aspetti di una esperienza, bensì l’esperienza nei suoi diversi aspetti: cognitivi, emotivi, fisiologici e relazionali.
Il lavoro dell’EMR va a recuperare una integrazione perduta e lavora su questa.
Si deve tenere presente infatti che, in via generale e preminente, lo stress compromette i livelli di integrazione, coerenza e flessibilità del sistema: lo stress cronico per processi progressivi di disregolazione, quello acuto per “rotture”, blocchi e sconnessioni. Pertanto l’elaborazione dell’informazione (e delle conseguenze) legata ad eventi e situazioni stressanti passa attraverso una re-integrazione di tutti gli aspetti psicobiologici correlati per giungere ad una ristrutturazione.
Il livello di “penetrazione” (efficacia) di un approccio terapeutico è molto legato alla sua omogeneità con la realtà su cui interviene,cioè al fatto di parlare lo stesso linguaggio.
E questo è un punto di forza notevole per l’EMDR.
I dati disponibili sono coerenti con quanto enunciato: l’EMDR modifica i parametri fisiologici riducendo ed annullando l’attivazione da stress, spostando la bilancia dall’inibizione simpatica all’attivazione parasimpatica (Sack et al. 2007) e risulta associata l’abbassamento dell’arousal fisiologico, cioè con pattern di attività regolari e trofiche (Sack et al. 2008), mostrando similarità con quanto accade durante il sonno REM (Elofsson et al., 2008).
L’EMDR incide altresì su disturbi fisici legati al sistema dello stress, come ad esempio hanno mostrato ricerche su patologie dermatologiche (Gupta, 2002).
In recent years, EMDR has established itself as the treatment of evidence in the most classical and most serious of disorders directly related to stress, that is, PTSD (Bisson & Andrew, 2007) and were highlighted its effects on the CNS. Despite this and its progressive use in a wide variety of situations are still few reflections from the perspective sull'EMDR mind-body integration, in particular using data provided by the search of PNEI. In this work we will focus on some of these issues to highlight how EMDR is one of the therapies are more responsive to new scientific evidence and the needs of an integrated science of health. Three main elements of research are: 1. Life has shaped the evolutionary highly integrated structures, we describe how systems
complex feedback network continues with the context. In particular, the nervous, endocrine immune network and provide psycho in a "super-system" of relationship and adjustment
able to ensure the balance incorporating adaptive expertise and managing the dynamic maintenance-change ( "regulation allostatica"). Then the body is a machine made of autonomous parts, assembled together, but a reality that leaves the unit (zygote) and maintains that unitary in all its joints. 2. Stress is not something in itself exceptional and pathological, but must be seen - in contrast -- as the expression of a set of processes (a system) that modulate the individual-regulation framework for adaptive. In essence, the system of stress is always on and only in situations of excess or deficiency (acute or chronic) effects progressively damaging to the individual. The Stress-related activity produces a "load allostatico" (weight biological energy) that --
relation to subjective factors and external - can become "overloaded" by triggering a chain of subsequent alterations in the functioning of the organism. In parallel there is a "load" and a
"Overload psychological" processes related to the first round. 3. In the network system and body of stress, or in the process of setting general internal and individual-context, the mind plays a crucial role as a dimension of modulation in which signals (internal and external) are transformed into information (assigning meanings) depending on the paths and individual needs of adaptation. The mind is so the highest expression of the evolution of life and its adaptive strategies, which explains its role in relation to the overall functioning of the organism. The recent acquisitions of
neuroscience have shown the interdependence of psychic activity, gene expression and plasticity brain that makes the role of the mind. Overload allostatico and psychological stress-related depend in large part by activism mental and constitute the main risk factor for health in Western societies, antecedents established disease spreading. If we look to the foregoing view of personal development (stage intrauterine attachment process, significant events later) we can have an idea of how mind, body and environment interact in the structuring the individual and the role conditioning and de-structuring of situations and events that cause an alteration by stress. Research on the relationship between stress and psychobiological development, including mode of attachment, structure of brain circuits, or between them and health, confirmation of these given (Lazzari, 2007). Coming closer all'EMDR, psychobiological studies of PTSD are showing that we are dealing essentially an event (especially complex and pronounced) the effects of stress on the network psycho (Iribarren et al., 2005). Research on PTSD (and other stress disorders DSM) must necessarily cross the strands study mentioned above and use the conceptual framework that arises. Psychobiological effects of extreme stress and trauma should be classified within mind-body interactions and regulation allostatica (load vs. overload allostatico). In our view, beyond the specific effects on the CNS, EMDR has been shown effective in PTSD in connection with his characteristic broad research and use as a "target" rather than individual aspects of an experience, but experience in its different aspects: cognitive, emotional, physiological and relational. Work dell'EMR goes to retrieve a lost and working on this integration. It should be remembered that, in general, and prominent, stress affects the levels of integration, consistency and flexibility of the system: chronic stress for progressive process of dysregulation, the acute "broken", blocks and disconnections. Therefore processing information (and consequences) related to events and stressful situations through a re-integration of all aspects related to psychobiological reach a restructuring. The level of "penetration" (effectiveness) of a therapeutic approach is very attached to his homogeneity with the reality on which it operates, namely the fact of speaking the same language. And this is a great asset for EMDR. The available data are consistent with the statement: EMDR change physiological parameters reducing and canceling the activation by stress, shifting the balance from the inhibition nice parasympathetic activation (Sack et al. 2007) and is associated with lowering dell'arousal physiological, ie regular patterns of activity and trophic (Sack et al. 2008), showing similarities with what happens during REM sleep (Elofsson et al., 2008).
EMDR also impacts on physical ailments related to the system of stress, such as have Show searches on dermatological (Gupta, 2002).
Keywords: Body-Mind Interaction PNEI
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Zillhardt, P. (2007, Juin). La thérapie EMDR avec les troubles des comportements alimentaires [EMDR therapy with eating disorders]. Document présenté lors de la réunion de l'Institut Français d'EMDR, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Si les troubles des comportements alimentaires
(TCA) sont considérés par de nombreux auteurs
comme une pathologie addictive du fait de schémas
comportementaux et d’un support neurobiologique
comparables aux autres dépendances (substances
ou comportements), l’accord paraît unanime pour
y voir une réponse spécifique à un modèle biopsychosocial.
Un tel modèle implique : des facteurs inducteurs
et déclencheurs, et des facteurs facilitants
et de pérennisation.
Par exemple, des travaux récents mettent l’accent
sur la prépondérance de facteurs socio-culturels indissociables
des forces médiatiques actuelles. L’importance
de ces derniers facteurs se fait particulièrement
ressentir depuis la seconde moitié du 20ème
siècle et pourrait aller « crescendo ».
En outre, la problématique des TCA est rendue plus
complexe par l’existence d’une lourde comorbidité
dont les éléments pathologiques sont autant causes
que conséquences. Notons que 40% des patients
souffrant de TCA ont eu, à un moment de leur vie,
un PTSD. Nous, praticiens, ne sommes pas étonnés
de constater que bon nombre de ces patients souffrent
d’une altération notable de leur identité.
Le caractère dit « synclétique » de la thérapie EMDR
permet une approche intégrative dans le traitement
des TCA : un aspect cognitif indéniable, le processus
associatif induit par les stimulations alternées
met souvent en lumière des matériaux reflétant des
conflits intrapsychiques plus ou moins archaïques.
Le travail portant sur l’imagerie mentale ou les états
dissociés du moi peut aussi être associé dans les cas
difficiles de patients souffrant de TCA.
Le travail d’anamnèse et l’approche phénoménologique
jouent un rôle primordial dans l’approche
EMDR des TCA.
L’un des aspects forts de la thérapie EMDR est
l’identification de « clusters possibles » représentatifs
des thématiques inductrices des souffrances et
des symptômes inhérents à l’expérience de vie tragique
de ces patients. Le plan de la thérapie est bien sûr personnalisé pour chaque patient.
If the eating disorders
(TCA) are considered by many authors
pathology as a result of addictive patterns
behavioral and neurobiological support
comparable to other addictions (substances
or behavior), the agreement seems unanimous
see a specific response to a biopsychosocial model.
Such a model implies: inducing factors
and triggers, and facilitating factors
and sustainability.
For example, recent studies emphasize
on the balance of socio-cultural factors inseparable
forces current media. The importance
of these factors is particularly
experience since the second half of the 20th
century and could go "crescendo".
In addition, the problem of TCA is made more
complex by the existence of a heavy comorbidity
whose elements are all pathological causes
the consequences. Note that 40% of patients
with TCA had, at some point in their lives,
PTSD. We practitioners are not surprised
to note that many of these patients suffer
a significant change of their identity.
The character says "Syncletica" of EMDR
provides an integrative approach in the treatment
CAW: a cognitive undeniable, the process
associative stimulation induced by alternating
often sheds light reflecting materials
intrapsychic conflicts more or less archaic.
The work on mental imagery or statements
dissociated ego can also be associated in the case
difficult patients with TCA.
Work history and the phenomenological approach
play an important role in the approach
EMDR CAW.
One of the strengths of EMDR is
identifying "clusters possible" representative
inducing themes of suffering and
symptoms inherent in the tragic experience of life
of these patients. The plan of therapy is of course customized for each patient.
Keywords: Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Day, S. (2008, October). Learning from EMDR treatment failures. Presentation at the 1st annual EMDR Yorkshire Autumn Workshop, York, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Exploring questions - about how things don't always work out and what we can learn from each other. If you have a pathological need to appear flawless then this workshop may not be for you, otherwise we may all benefit from our wiliness' to share and learn from each others mistakes.
Keywords: Treatment Failures
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Imbroinise, F. (2008, Novembre). L’EMDR come mezzo di anamnesi e mezzo terapeutico nel servizio socio-psicologico nel reparto di pediatria di un ospedale [EMDR as a means of medical history and therapeutic tool in the service of socio-psychological in the pediatric ward of a hospital]. Poster presentato alApplicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Nel corso dell'anno 2007 sono affluiti al servizio socio-psicologico 652 bambini.
Il metodo EMDR è stato utilizzato come mezzo per tracciare il vissuto del paziente, nonché come metodologia di intervento per tutte le patologie ed i disturbi che i pazienti portavano. Sono stati trattati con l’EMDR sia i pazienti interni al reparto e sia quelli esterni inviati dai medici pediatri presenti sul territorio.
Il nostro protocollo prevede un’anamnesi dettagliata fatta insieme ad entrambi i genitori o tutori se il bambino è molto piccolo o con il bambino/ragazzo stesso se egli è capace di fornire le informazioni desiderate. Ciò si effettua poiché si i è convinti che il tracciato del vissuto con il metodo EMDR è una opportunità unica per la famiglia in quanto dà la possibilità di analizzare la vita familiare e le sue dinamiche nei minimi particolari e di prendere in considerazione i suoi modelli relazionali e affettivi dei quali non si è sempre coscienti. Successivamente se si considera utile o necessario , si stila un programma terapeutico in cui l’EMDR viene presentato come metodo di trattamento per affrontare e risolvere le condizioni patologiche o di disagio che si presentano.
Questo approccio terapeutico si ritiene utile in quanto facilita la risoluzione sintomatologica e sviluppa una più consapevole visione delle dinamiche della propria famiglia. Un ulteriore effetto è quello di promuovere un maggiore benessere psicosociale per il paziente, fornendo un nuovo significato ai disordini somatici, ed aiutare la famiglia a comprendere e gestire in una maniera più funzionale i problemi del proprio figlio.
Questo poster descrive tutte le fasi dell’intervento ed le patologie trattate nella nostro servizio con l’ utilizzo del metodo EMDR.
During the year 2007 has been injected into the socio-psychological service 652 children.
The EMDR method has been used as a means to track the experiences of the patient, as well as methods of intervention for all diseases and disorders that patients wore. Were treated with EMDR both inpatients and those outside the department and sent by pediatricians in the area.
Our protocol provides a detailed history taken together with both parents or guardians if the child is very small or the baby / child himself if he is able to provide the desired information. This is done because it is convinced that the path of living with the EMDR method is a unique opportunity for the family because it gives the possibility to analyze the family and its dynamics in detail and consider its relationship models affective and which has not always conscious. Then if we consider useful or necessary, draw up a treatment program in which EMDR is presented as a method of treatment to address and resolve the pathological condition or discomfort that occur.
This therapeutic approach is considered useful because it facilitates the resolution of symptoms and develop a more informed view of the dynamics of their family. Another effect is to promote greater psychosocial well-being for the patient, giving new meaning to somatic disorders, and help the family understand and manage in a more functional problems of their child.
This poster describes all phases of the disease and treated in our service 's use of the EMDR method.
Keywords: Children Pediatric Ward Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. McGoldrick, T., Begum, M., & Brown, K. E. (2010). L’EMDR et l’autodysosmophobie. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), E63-E67. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.4.E63.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
L’autodysosmophobie est une maladie actuellement considérée comme un trouble délirant selon les critères
DSM-IV. Les patients sont convaincus de produire une mauvaise odeur, ce qui provoque une détresse
émotionnelle importante et des conséquences sociales négatives. Son étiologie n’est pas entièrement
comprise ; les interventions pharmacologiques et psychothérapeutiques obtiennent généralement peu
de résultats. Cet article décrit le traitement de quatre cas consécutifs d’autodysosmophobie dont les
symptômes pathologiques avaient persisté depuis 8 à 48 ans. L’administration de l’EMDR se traduisait
par le traitement de diverses expériences de vie qui semblaient causer ou déclencher la pathologie. Les
séances EMDR ont entraîné la résolution complète des symptômes dans les quatre cas et ce résultat était
maintenu lors du suivi. En considération des résultats rapides et durables, nous proposons une hypothèse
basée sur le modèle du Traitement Adaptatif de l’Information (TAI) afi n d’expliquer l’étiopathologie et la
rémission.
Cet article a paru que McGoldrick T., Begum, M., Brown, KW (2008). EMDR et de référence olfactive
Syndrome: Une série de cas. Journal de pratique EMDR et de la recherche, 2 (1), 63-68. Traduction française par Jenny Ann Rydberg.
Olfactory Reference Syndrome is a disease currently considered a delusional disorder according to the criteria
DSM-IV. Patients are confident of producing a bad smell, which causes distress
important emotional and negative social consequences. Its etiology is not fully
understood, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions generally achieve little
results. This article describes the treatment of four consecutive cases of autodysosmophobie whose
pathological symptoms had persisted for 8 to 48 years. The administration of EMDR resulted
the treatment of various life experiences that seemed to cause or trigger the disease. The
EMDR sessions resulted in complete resolution of symptoms in four cases and this result was
maintained at follow-up. In consideration of the rapid and lasting results, we propose a hypothesis
based on the model of Adaptive Information Processing (ADP) afi nd'expliquer the etiopathogenesis and
remission.
This article originally appeared as McGoldrick T., Begum, M., Brown, K. W. (2008). EMDR and Olfactory Reference
Syndrome: A Case Series. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2 (1) , 63–68. French translation by Jenny Ann Rydberg.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Olfactory Reference Syndrome Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Gallagher, C. (2002). Making sense of EMDR: Efficacy of EMDR and the application of Horowitz's control process theory to a psychological analysis of EMDR psychotherapy. Widener University, Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology, Chester, PA. AAT 3132374.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Originally a technique that seemed to desensitize disturbing memories, EMDR is now a full-scale protocol that is being used to treat a wide-range of disorders. Even its proponents acknowledge, however, that the mechanism of action in EMDR is still unknown. It is argued that there has been an over-emphasis on neurophysiological explanations of EMDR. After a review of controlled studies and a discussion of proposed mechanisms, two case studies of EMDR therapy (one child and one adult) with pathological grief are presented. The cases are analyzed for their adaptive changes as this term is applied in Horowitz's control process theory (1992). It is argued that Horowitz's theory represents a theoretical foundation by which a psychological understanding of the EMDR psychotherapy process can be achieved. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(5-B), 2004, pp. 2625.
Keywords: Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Horowitz's Control Process Theory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Schore, A. (2009, August). Part I: Right brain affect regulation: An essential mechanism of development, trauma, dissociation and psychotherapy. Plenary at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Dr. Schore will discuss current models of the neurobiology of attachment, detailing the enduring positive and negative impact of interactively regulated and dysregulated bodily-based affective transactions on the organization of the infant’s developing right brain, which for the rest of the life span is dominant for the nonconscious processing of emotions, stress regulation, and intersubjectivity. Dr. Schore will then describe the negative impact of relational trauma on the developmental trajectory of the right brain and the origins of pathological dissociation. Applying the developmental model to the change process of psychotherapy, he will then describe the critical role of the right brain in implicit facial, gestural, and prosodic communications within the therapeutic alliance, in dysregulated states of affective hyper- and hypoarousal, and in empathy, transference-countertransference, and affect regulation. This work suggests that interactive regulation within the therapeutic alliance is a central mechanism in the treatment of patients with a history of early relational trauma.
Keywords: Dissociation Mechanism Plenary Right Brain Affect Regulation Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Henry, S. (1996, Winter). Pathological gambling: Etiologic considerations and treatment efficacy of eye movement desensitization/reprocessing. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12(4), 395-405. doi:10.1007/BF01539184.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study of 22 subjects who meet DSM-IV criteria for Pathological Gambling (PG) tests a theory that the development of PG lies in the existence of unresolved trauma-related anxiety, similar to PTSD, and predicts that reduction of that anxiety will result in reduced pathological gambling behavior. The study compares the effect on gambling event frequency of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy with cognitive therapy to that of cognitive therapy alone for subjects with and without reported trauma history. Results are significant for pre- vs post-EMDR (p = .04), for those with reported trauma history (p = .01), and when controlled for frequency of sessions and time in therapy prior to the treatment (p = .04). Findings support an anxiety based model for the etiology of PG behavior. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Clinical Trial Cognitive Therapy Empirical Study Etiology Impulse-Control Disorders Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. Omaha, J. (2004). Psychotherapeutic interventions for emotion regulation: EMDR and bilateral stimulation for affect management. New York: W. W. Norton.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
The present work represents a new phase in a profound revolution in psychotherapy, in which affects take their rightful place of equality with cognitions, drives, and behavior among the modalities that must be interpreted by theory and embraced by therapy in understanding both normal and pathological personality development (Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995). The book synthesizes experimental and theoretical advances regarding the primacy of affect in both human psychological health and dysfunction. These advances are translated into practical clinical applications the clinician can immediately utilize. The clinical interventions presented here are solidly grounded in recent experimental advances in understanding the developmental neurobiology of affect (Schore, 1994). These skills and concepts lay the foundation for a new approach to treating psychopathology that begins with the affects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Affect Management Emotional Control Emotional States Mental Health Personality Development Personality Disorders Psychopathology Psychotherapeutic Techniques
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Dworkin, M. (2010, March). Solving transference and counter-transference with dissociative disorders in EMDR. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Chair, Michael Paterson
This workshop will focus on the types of transference and counter-transference that arise in
EMDR with dissociative clients and teach solutions. Procedural modifications have been the
focus in dealing with pathological dissociation in EMDR treatment. Separately, transference
and counter-transference with dissociative patients have been written about extensively by
experts in the dissociation field. Research findings about the effects of mirror neurons and
embedded simulation on the inter-subjective field of patient and therapist have also been
published. Strategies for dealing with these transference and counter-transference in EMDR
treatment have received little attention even though this population has intense transference,
and can activate intense counter-transference. These issues may begin during an evaluation
of the presenting problems. Strategies for identifying and using transference to enhance
dual awareness during history taking will be demonstrated. An elongated preparation phase
to develop enough trust and stabilization before exploring traumatic memories can limit
induced transference. Different parts of a dissociative patient may have different kinds of
transferences. These transferences may cause the patient to withdraw, cling or attack;
affecting the therapist’s abilities to stay attuned and focused on the work in different phases
of EMDR. Strategies of attunement to the activated part of the client will be demonstrated
in order to repair or prevent ruptures of attunement. Interactions are bi-directional, and
different (transferential) parts may activate dissociative parts of the therapist. Strategies to
somatically identify and use these counter-transferential activations in the therapist will be
taught through body based awarenesses. R/D/I strategies can be used to limit countertransference
to remain grounded and attuned. Transference and counter-transference during
the assessment phase will be identified and solutions presented. During the Desensitization
phase under-accessing or over-accessing target memories; abreaction vs. vehement emotions
will be discussed as unacknowledged dissociative moments with indications for inducing
transference, counter-transference, or both. Decisions need be made collaboratively whether
to process or contain these events. Understanding and dealing with dilemmas of dissociative
enactments are crucial to keeping the healing process going. These inter-subjective issues
may be most intense during the first four phases, but some problems may continue into
Installation and the Body Scan. Problems and solutions during Incomplete Closure and the
Re-evaluation phases will be given. Activated parts in the patient may cling or be angry with
the therapist at the end of an EMDR session. Failure or defectiveness parts of the therapist
may become activated as well. Solutions to these issues that occur during different phases
will be taught so that participants will leave the workshop with additional strategies to use
with their dissociative patients. Attunement to dissociative parts, identifying transference
and counter-transference binds; The Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire ;
Compartmentalization; use of self soothing skills; using Relational, Empathic, and
Transferential Interweaves; identifying moments of projective identification and enactments,
and then to use them to deepen EMDR will be taught, as well as innovative inter-subjective
strategies . Case examples and awareness exercises will used throughout the workshop to
facilitate intellectual and experiential learning.
Keywords: Counter-transference Dissociative Disorders Transference
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Morton, B. E., & Paulsen, S. L. (1993). Stress disorders: Cortical plasticity, eye saccades, and multiple personalities. Paper presented at the University of Hawaii School of Medicine and Pacific Institute for Behavioral Medicine. Honolulu, HI.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Origin and Nature of Stress Disorders:
The Defense Response occurs as part of the switch from fearful flight (Ego) to cornered, fearless fight (Id) whereby the individual attempts to obtain freedom from restraint through the violence of defensive attack. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is part of this response. Stress Disorders are pathological states resulting in inappropriate, repeated activation of the Defense Response. They appear to be produced from a maladaptive cortical plasticity that occurred whenever the Defense Response failed to protect the organism from trauma.
Keywords: Cortical Plasticity Defense Response Eye Saccades HPA Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Multiple Personalities Stress Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Pagani, M. (2008, Novembre). Sub-strato neurobiologico della sindrome da stress post-traumatico e relativo impatto funzionale e strutturale della terapia con EMDR [Neurobiological substrate of post-traumatic stress syndrome and impact on functional and structural therapy with EMDR]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Recenti studi hanno dimostrato come la sindrome da stress post-traumatico (PTSD) possa causare nel cervello cambiamenti sia strutturali che funzionali. Studi di imaging funzionale tramite tomografia ad emissione di fotone singolo (SPECT) e ad emissione di positrone (PET) hanno evidenziato significative variazioni del flusso cerebrale in pazienti con PTSD durante la rivisitazione del trauma. A questo proposito sono stati riportati aumenti e diminuzioni di flusso nell’ippocampo, nell’amigdala, nella corteccia prefrontale mediale, nel cingolo anteriore e posteriore e nella corteccia temporale. Il modello prevalente collega i sintomi del PTSD ad una mancata inibizione dell’ amigdala, iperattivata dalla sensazione di incombente minaccia, da parte della corteccia prefrontale. E’ stato anche proposto che i cambiamenti strutturali dell’ippocampo e del cingolo anteriore rivelati dalla risonanza magnetica strutturale (RM) siano causati dalla risposta neuronale allo stress. L’obiettivo delle nostre ricerche e’ stato quello di analizzare la risposta funzionale e le variazioni strutturali in due gruppi di soggetti esposti a trauma occupazionale che hanno sviluppato (S=sintomatici, n=20) o no (NS=non sintomatici, n=27) il PTSD. Una parte dei S (n=16) è stata trattata con EMDR. La diagnosi di PTSD prima e dopo la terapia è stata basata sia sui criteri del DSM-IV sia su vari test neuropsicologici mirati. La SPECT (n=47) e la RM (n=33) sono state eseguite da 3 mesi a sei anni dal trauma e la prima è stata ripetuta dopo EMDR. I sintomi sono stati provocati da uno script individualizzato che ha riportato alla memoria il trauma e durante il quale è stato iniettato il tracciante di flusso cerebrale.
Le analisi eseguite hanno mostrato differenze significative tra S e NS nella risposta del flusso cerebrale allo script. Nei 33 soggetti in cui sono state eseguite sia la SPECT che la RM sono state trovate differenze significative sia funzionali che strutturali nella corteccia temporo-parietale sinistra e nell’ippocampo, regioni nelle quali gli score dei test neuropsicologici correlano significativamente con il flusso cerebrale. Nei soggetti con remissione sintomatologica dopo EMDR (R; n=11) sono state trovate rispetto ai soggetti che non hanno risposto alla terapia (NR; n=5) significative differenze di flusso in 4 aree corticali che processano funzioni deteriorate in corso di PTSD. Diminuzioni di flusso dopo la terapia sono state registrate nei R rispetto ai NR nell’ippocampo, nel giro fusiforme (corteccia parieto-occipitale) e nella corteccia visiva primaria. L’ippocampo è sede della memoria episodica ed autobiografica; il giro fusiforme processa il riconoscimento di volti, dei corpi e delle parole; la corteccia visiva primaria custodisce la memoria visiva degli eventi. La mancata inibizione e/o l’iperattività di queste regioni nel PTSD sono responsabili della rivisitazione patologica figurata e somatica dell’evento traumatico e della presenza di flashback ed immagini allucinatorie. Viceversa la corteccia frontale dorsolaterale ha mostrato un aumento di flusso nei R. Questa regione oltre ad essere deputata ad inibire nel sistema limbico la risposta patologica a stimoli che ricordano l’evento traumatico è essenziale per i processi di attenzione e del “senso di sé”, diminuiti in corso di PTSD e recuperati in seguito alla remissione della malattia. In questi soggetti la RM ha inoltre messo in evidenza il valore predittivo delle dimensioni dell’ippocampo rispetto all’efficacia della terapia con EMDR.
I nostri risultati confermano il coinvolgimento della corteccia temporo-parieto-occipitale nel PTSD e sottolineano il valore delle neuroimmagini sia nello svelare gli effetti neurobiologici dell’EMDR che determinare il valore delle indagini strutturali nel predirne l’efficacia.
Recent studies have shown that the post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) may result in both structural and functional brain changes. Imaging studies using functional Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) shown significant changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with PTSD during revisiting the trauma. In this regard have been reported increases and decreases in flow hippocampus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate and posterior and temporal cortex. The dominant model linking the symptoms of PTSD to a no inhibition of 'amygdala hyperactivity disorder by the sense of impending threat by the prefrontal cortex. E 'was also proposed that the structural changes of the hippocampus and
anterior cingulate revealed by structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are caused by the response neuronal stress. The aim of our research and 'was to analyze the response
functional and structural variations in two groups of subjects exposed to occupational trauma that have developed (S = symptomatic, n = 20) or not (NS = non-symptomatic, n = 27) PTSD. Part of S (n = 16) was treated with EMDR. The diagnosis of PTSD before and after the therapy was based on both DSM-IV has on several neuropsychological tests targeting. SPECT (n = 47) and MRI (n = 33) are were performed from 3 months to six years from the trauma and the first was repeated after EMDR. Symptoms were caused by a script individual who reported to the memory of the trauma and during which were injected with a tracer of cerebral blood flow. The analysis performed showed significant differences between S and NS in the response of flow brain to the script. In the 33 subjects in which they were performed both SPECT and MRI were found significant differences in both functional and structural temporo-parietal cortex left hippocampus, regions in which the scores of neuropsychological tests correlate significantly with the flow in the brain. In subjects with symptomatic remission after EMDR (R; n = 11) were found compared with subjects who did not respond to therapy (NR, n = 5) significant differences in flow in 4 cortical areas that process functions deteriorated in the course of PTSD. Decreases in flow after treatment were recorded in R than NR hippocampus, within fusiform (parieto-occipital cortex) and in the primary visual cortex. The hippocampus is the seat of episodic memory and autobiographical, and the processes around the fusiform recognition of faces, bodies and words, the primary visual cortex preserves the memory visual events. The non-inhibition and / or 'hyperactivity of these regions in PTSD are
responsible for pathological figured revisiting the traumatic event and physical and presence of flashbacks and hallucinatory images. Contrast, the dorsolateral frontal cortex has showed an increase of flow in R. This region in addition to being deputies to inhibit the system limbic response to pathological stimuli that recall the traumatic event is essential for processes of attention and the "sense of self, decreased in the course of PTSD and recovered following remission. In these subjects, MRI has also highlighted the predictive value the size of the hippocampus compared the efficacy of EMDR therapy. Our results confirm the involvement of the temporo-parietal-occipital cortex in PTSD and emphasize the value of neuroimaging in revealing both the neurobiological effects of EMDR that determine the value of the structural surveys in predicting effectiveness.
Keywords: Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Gimenez, A., Bonet, M. D., Gonzalez, L., & Santos, L. (2011, Julio). Tratamiento preventivo con EMDR del trastorno por estres postraumatico y el duelo patologico: caso clinico [Preventive treatment with EMDR of posttraumatic stress disorder and pathological grief: Case report]. En Casos clínicos: varios. Simposio realizado en el IX Congreso Nacional de Psicología Clínica, San Sebastián, España.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Introducción:
La desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares (EMDR) es un
abordaje psicoterapéutico que acelera el tratamiento de diversas patologías fóbicas y
traumáticas, especialmente del Trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). En el abordaje
de duelos traumáticos , derivados de una situación excepcionalmente impactante para el
paciente, puede prevenir el desarrollo de un TEPT grave. Se pretende realizar una investigación sobre cómo una intervención temprana y
breve con EMDR en un caso de síndrome por estrés agudo reactivo a duelo puede paliar
los síntomas característicos del TEPT y complicaciones psicológicas del duelo. Permitiendo
la elaboración temprana de la situación traumática para que no devenga patológica en el
futuro.
Material y métodos
Paciente de 50 años diagnosticada de estrés agudo reactivo a duelo que acude a
consulta de salud mental por muerte brusca de su pareja en una situación violenta y muy
traumática.
Método: 2 sesiones de EMDR en dos semanas (sesiones de 90 minutos).
Instrumentos: Escala de gravedad del TEPT (Echeburúa), Escala de depresión de
ZUNG y Escala de ansiedad‐estado (STAI).
Resultados:
Se observa mejoría significativa en Escala de gravedad del TEPT, con disminución en
síntomas de reexperimentación, evitación y aumento de la activación. Se aprecia un leve
incremento en síntomas ansioso‐ depresivos más característicos de un proceso de duelo
normal.
Conclusiones:
Con el tratamiento con EMDR podemos reducir los síntomas del TEPT, así como la
prevención de un duelo patológico. Que el paciente sea derivado tempranamente a la
unidad de salud mental, y que se intervenga con esta herramienta, puede ser un recurso
muy valioso, rápido y breve con unos beneficios importantes para su salud.
Introduction:
Desensitization and reprocessing eye movement (EMDR) is a
psychotherapeutic approach that accelerates the treatment of various diseases and phobic
traumatic, especially posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In dealing with traumatic grief, derived from an exceptionally impressive to the patient, can prevent the development of severe PTSD.
It aims to conduct research on how early intervention and
EMDR brief in a case of acute stress syndrome, reactive to grief may alleviate the characteristic symptoms of PTSD and psychological complications of grief. Allowing early development of the trauma accrues not to be pathological in the future.
Material and methods:
50 year old patient diagnosed with acute stress reactive to grief that comes to
mental health consultation sudden death of his partner in a violent situation and very traumatic.
Method: 2 sessions of EMDR in two weeks (90 minute sessions).
Instruments: Scale of severity of PTSD (Echeburúa), Scale for Depression
Zung scale and state anxiety (STAI).
Results: Observed significant improvement in PTSD severity scale, with a decrease in
symptoms of reexperiencing, avoidance and increased arousal. It shows a slight
increase in anxiety-depressive symptoms more characteristic of a grieving process
normal.
Conclusions:
With EMDR therapy can reduce symptoms of PTSD and the
prevention of pathological mourning. That the patient be referred to early
mental health unit, and to intervene with this tool, you can be a resource
very valuable, quick and short with significant benefits to your health.
Keywords: Pathological Grief Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Preventive Treatment PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Loibl, B. (2009). Traumatherapeutische elemente in der akutphase - Der ansatz des eye movement dezensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)...[Trauma therapeutic elements in the acute phase - The approach of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)...] . In B. Loibl, Psychische Traumatisierungsprozesse beim Grundschulkind nach Elternsuizid: Ursachen, Warnsignale, Akutmassnahmen [Mental traumatisation the primary school child to parent suicide: causes, warning signs, acute measures,] (pp. 70-78), Protestant University of Applied Sciences Dresden, GRIN Verlag für Akademische Texte, 129 p. ISBN (eBook): 978-3-640-30050-1, ISBN (Book): 978-3-640-30533-9, DOI:10.3239/9783640300501.
Language: German
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es im Nähren um die Darstellung dreier Sachverhalte. Zum einen soll das elternbezogenen Bindungsgefüge beleuchtet werden, welches konstitutiv einen Einfluss auf die gesunde biopsychosoziale Entwicklung eines Kindes nimmt. Die irreversible Auflösung dieser fundamentalen Beziehung beansprucht weiterhin die Erörterung des kindlichen Verlusterlebens und des daraus resultierenden physischen, psychischen und sozialen Gefährdungspotenzials. Dahingehend wird besonders eine Betrachtung hinsichtlich der emotionalen Schemata des Trauerns relevant sowie gegenüber den damit korrespondierenten Phänomen der psychischen Traumatisierung. Letztlich wird es von Bedeutung sein, Hilfeinterventionen zu beleuchten, die einer Gefährdung des Kindes entgegenwirken. Da meine berufliche Handlungsfähigkeit im Arbeitsfeld der Notfallversorgung verankert ist, möchte ich diesbezüglich nach der Möglichkeit von Sofortmassnahmen suchen, die unmittelbar nach dem Verlusterlebnis eingeleitet werden können. Hinsichtlich dieser Betrachtungsweise lassen sich zwei thematische Fragestellungen formulieren. (1) Welche Relevanz übt eine Eltern-Kind-Beziehung auf die kindliche Entwicklung aus und inwieweit leitet ihre Auflösung, im Kontext eines Eltersuizides, eine mögliche trauma-basierende, psychopathologische Störung des Kindes ein? (2) Welche Massnahmen der kindlichen Akutbetreuung lassen einen adäquaten Beitrag zur kognitiven und emotionalen Rehabilitierung des Kindes versprechen?
In the present work is in nurturing the image of three issues. On the one hand, the parents moved into bond structures are illuminated, which constitutively takes a biopsychosocial influence on the healthy development of a child. The irreversible resolution of this fundamental relationship claims continue to discuss the child's loss experience and the resulting physical, mental and social potential hazard. To that effect, is a consideration particularly with regard to the emotional patterns of mourning and relevant in relation to the phenomenon of psychological trauma that korrespondierenten. Ultimately, it will be important to shed light on using interventions to counter the threat of the child. Since my professional capacity is rooted in the working field of emergency care, I would look in this regard to the possibility of immediate measures that can be initiated immediately after the loss experience. Regarding this approach can be formulated in two thematic issues. (1) What relevance exerts a parent-child relationship on child development and how far forward its resolution in a context of parental suicide, a possible trauma-based, psycho-pathological disorder of the child? (2) What measures of children's emergency care can be an adequate contribution to cognitive and emotional rehabilitation of the child's promise?
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. Staff. (1997, October 7). Treating pathological gambling with eye movement desensitization/reprocessing. The Wager, 2(40).
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization/reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new treatment that has produced beneficial results for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety complaints. EMDR is a clinical treatment method developed to stimulate central nervous system information processing which has been disrupted by trauma experiences. A recent study tested whether EMDR was an effective treatment for decreasing gambling events among pathological gamblers. A gambling event was considered to be each separate gambling activity (i.e., buying a lottery ticket, a session of video poker). Pathological gamblers were hypothesized to be viable candidates for EMDR treatment because of the potential existence of unresolved trauma-related anxiety which may drive pathological gambling behavior. That is, pathological gambling may be a way for anxious individuals to cope with and try to control their anxiety. Nineteen clients who met DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling and reported trauma histories appropriate for EMDR treatment were non-randomly classified into the EMDR treatment group or a control group. There were no significant differences in mean frequency of gambling events between the two groups pre-intervention. The EMDR-treament group received psychotherapy before and after their treament; control subjects received psychotherapy while they were on a wait list for EMDR treatment. The EMDR treatment targeted life events, not gambling-specific events. This study found that among pathological gamblers, EMDR was effective in significantly decreasing the mean frequency of gambling events. In addition, EMDR was significantly more effective in reducing frequency of gambling events than standard psychotherapy. EMDR was more effective among clients who had trauma histories. This study’s author suggests that these preliminary findings support an anxiety-based etiological model for gambling
disorders. While EMDR treatment for pathological gambling needs to be further researched, alternative explanations for these findings must be considered. Particularly, the variability of time in therapy pre-EMDR in this study may indicate that simply staying in treatment longer and being committed to change may be driving the successful treatment outcome.
Keywords: Gambling
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Zillhart, P. (2007, Juin). Troubles du comportement alimentaire et EMDR [EMDR and eating behavioral disorders]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Défaut d’intériorsation des objets dans la théorie des relations objectales ou véritable pathologie de la consommation et du changement au carrefour des domains environnementaux et socio-culturels, les TCA constituent un probleme de santé sociale. Leur nature addictive est discutée.
Le problematique des TCA est rendue plus complexe par l’existence d’une lourde comorbidité dont les éléments pathologiques sont autant causes que conséquences. Notons que 40% des patients souffrant de TCA ont eu, à un moment de leur vie, un psychotraumatisme.
La thérapie EMDR permet une approche intégrative dans le traitement des TCA: un aspect cognitif indéniable, le processus associatif unduit par les stimulations alternées met souvent en lumuiere des matériaux reflétant des conflits intrapsychiques plus ou moins archaiques.
Le travail portant sur l’imagerie mentale ou les états dissociés du moi peut aussi etre associé dans les cas difficiles de patients souffrant de TCA Le présent atelier a pour but :
- D’éclairir les points clef des classifications nosographiques actuelles, notamment dans leur incidence thérapeutique, sans oublier les cas l’urgences.
- De présenter les aspects les plus récents du modèle bio-psychosocial des TCA, véritable clef de voute des interventions thérapeutiques, notommanent concernant la therapie EMDR. La therapie EMDR se veut indvidualisée selon l’histoire de vie de chaque patient.
La connaissance profounde de l’histoire de vie des patients avec leurs thématiques existentielles permet la construction de "clusters" multiples. Ceux-ci offrent un mode d’induction privilégié des processus associatifs de restructuration cognitive, émotionnelle, et corporelle proper à la thérapie EMDR.
- Des protocoles sont proposés selon cas et illustrés par quelques exemples et vignettes cliniques.
- De répondre à un maximum de questions durant l’atelier.
Failure intériorsation objects in the theory of object relations or true pathology of consumption and change at the junction of domains environmental and socio-cultural, the CAW is a social health problem. Their addictive nature is discussed.
The problematic CAW is complicated by the existence of a significant comorbidity with pathological elements are all causes than consequences. Note that 40% of patients with ABI had, at some point in their life, a psychological trauma.
EMDR allows an integrative approach in the treatment of TCA, a cognitive undeniable, the associative process unduit by alternating stimulation is often lumuiere materials reflecting intrapsychic conflicts more or less archaic.
The work on mental imagery or dissociated ego states may also be involved in difficult cases of patients with ABI This workshop aims to:
- To explain the key points nosographic current classifications, particularly in their therapeutic effect, without forgetting the emergency cases.
- Present the most recent aspects of the biopsychosocial model CAW real keystone of therapeutic interventions notommanent on EMDR therapy. The EMDR therapy is meant indvidualisée by life history of each patient.
Profound knowledge of the history of life of patients with their existential issues allows the construction of clusters multiple. They offer a privileged mode of induction of associative processes of cognitive restructuring, emotional, and physical Proper to EMDR.
- Protocols are proposed under event and illustrated by some examples and clinical vignettes.
- To answer many questions as possible during the workshop.
Keywords: Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. Popky, A. J. (2011, October). An urge reduction protocol as a new way to address addictions and dysfunctional behaviors based on the AIP model of EMDR. Presentation for Care For the Troops, Marietta, Ohio.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The purpose of this document is to act as a training manual for those clinicians that work with addictive populations and that have completed already completed EMDR level 1 and 2 trainings. Previous research on EMDR has focused on its usefulness for treating trauma-related symptoms in a diverse sample of subjects. This protocol deals with targeting triggers that bring up urges rather than traumas. It is the authors beliefs that the targeting of triggers is a gentler way of dealing with this addictive population and that as triggers are reprocessed ego strength grows until the thread to the trauma or core issues are ready to emerge to be reprocessed.
Background
This treatment model and the theories involved are based on experience from personal client observation and anecdotal reports received from other therapists using this same protocol. It is an eclectic model and combines many methodologies, including but not limited to, cognitive-behavioral, solution focused, Ericksonian, narrative, object relations, EFT, TFT, to name a few. The bi-lateral stimulation from the accelerated information processing model (EMDR) seems to form the catalyst for rapid processing and change, the turbo-charger that speeds the healing process.
Successful results have been reported across the wide spectrum of addictions and dysfunctional behaviors: chemical substances (nicotine, marijuana, alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine, crack, heroin/methadone, etc.), eating disorders such as compulsive overeating, anorexia and bulimia, along with other behaviors such as sex, gambling, shoplifting, anger outbursts, OCD and trichotillomania, etc. Since this is an urge reduction protocol the scope of applications can include a wide variety of applications.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Addictions AIP Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing DeTUR Dysfunctional Behaviors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Ponzano, R. A., & Gozzano, E. (2008, June). Use and consumption of the traumatic experience as a defence from pain: EMDR and defence mechanisms. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objective: to illustrate the EMDR usefulness within the psycho-dynamical therapy. Foreword: a type of pain exists
that’s nameless and inenarrable. During our psycho-dynamical practice as EMDR specialists, we met various
defensive modalities adopted by patients presenting diverse pathologies to elude grief associated to that type of
pain left segregated within the emotional portion of the brain. In particular, we take into account patients keen
to coactively repeat the traumatic experience either directly in-person or through using others. The presumption
is that the traumatic experience, when too early, too invasive or reiterated, may render it impossible to be
expressed verbally (by use of the cortex), leading to express it either through the body or through reiterated use
of the traumatic experience itself (coactions to repeat). This last point, within our clinical experience, seems
being linked to ambivalent feelings vs. the very resolution of the experience itself (healing). Patients living this
type of situation may namely be entangled by two conflicting wishes to either wish a real improvement of their
condition or to seek maintaining that pathology in the fear of loosing the sense of security inspired them by the
type of fake identity they built around the trauma. Benefits: using the technique of bilateral sensorial stimuli
strives breaking off that defensive mood that feeds pathological coactions to reiterate the experience as the
means to tolerate the grief. Namely its purpose is to penetrate through those defensive modalities and to
successfully aid patients to abandon them thanks to a low structured context adequately freed by internal or
external conditioning (ambivalence, judgement, rationalization, etc.).
Keywords: Defense Mechanisms Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes