Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. 朱品潔 [Chu Pin-Chieh, & Zhu Pinjie]. (1999). 個人失落與EMDR之介入：個案研究 [EMDR of personal loss and intervention: A Case Study]Educational Psychology and Counseling]. National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Taiwan.
Language: Chinese
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
本研究的目的是探索的眼動脫敏和再處理（EMDR）的干預治療結果與個人的損失。通過深入了解客戶的主觀經驗和在整個治療過程中不斷變化的課程，研究人員打算證明 EMDR的治療 efficaciously幫助客戶克服個人損失的創傷，重拾信心和活力。研究人員採訪了客戶端是誰願意分享他的生活和EMDR的治療經驗，通過一個半結構化的問卷。與客戶的許可，研究人員已經獲得了客戶的臨床記錄。有條不紊地綜合各種數據後，研究人員已開發出的情況下提出的生活經驗和客戶端的EMDR的治療干預的描述。研究者分析了廣義的數據，客戶端的適應性應對整個 EMDR的治療過程，並討論了從精神科醫生和其他輔導員干預的影響。 （作者摘要）
The purpose of this study is to explore the treatment outcomes from the intervention of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with personal loss. Through in-depth understanding of the client’s subjective experiences and changing courses throughout the entire therapeutic process, the researcher intends to prove that EMDR therapy has efficaciously helped the client overcome the trauma from personal loss and regain confidence and vitality. The researcher has interviewed a client who is willing to share his life and EMDR therapy experiences through a semi-structured questionnaire. With the client’s permission, the researcher has obtained the client’s clinical records. After methodically synthesizing the various data, the researcher has developed a case description presenting both the life experience and the intervention of EMDR therapy of the client. The researcher has analyzed the data, generalized the client’s adaptive coping processes throughout EMDR therapy and discussed the effects from the psychiatrist’s and other counselors’ interventions. (Author's abstract)
Keywords: Case Study Dissociation Personal Loss
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Wilson, S., Becker, L., & Tinker, R. H. (1995, June). 15-Month follow up of EMDR treatment for traumatic memory. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We previously reported on the outcomes of a controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
effectiveness in the treatment of traumatic memory (Wilson, Tinker, & Becker, 1994; Wilson, Becker, & tinker, in press). In that
study we found that three, 90-minute sessions of EMDR (Shapiro, 1995) "normalized the psychological functioning of the previously
traumatized participants (g = 80) on all dependent measures. The present study is a 15-month follow up of those participants.
I Method:
The research design is shown in Table 1. Participants were randomly assigned to EMDR or to Delayed EMDR conditions.
Pretreatment measurement occurred at measurement time TI. Participants in the EMDR condition received EMDR between T1 and
T2; those in the Delayed EMDR condition received EMDR between T2 and T3. All participants were tested immediately following
treatment and at 3 months following treatment (at T4). The 15 month, long-term follow up occurred at measurement time T5. An
independent assessor collected all of the following dependent measures: Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS; Wolpe,
1990), Impact of Events Scale (IES; Hmowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979), State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger,
Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R, Derogatis, 1992).
[Table 1. The Research Design,
Treatment Condition, Measurement Time:
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5;
EMDR Treatment: 01 x 02 03 04;
Delayed EMDR Treatment 01 02 x 03 04 05;
Note: T = Time of measurement; 0 = Observation; X = Treatment administered.]
II. Results:
Two analyses were performed to assess the impact of EMDR treatment at the 15-month follow up. First, in order to assess the
overall, long-term impact of EMDR, the 15-month follow-up scores were compared with the pretreatment scores. There was
significant improvement on all nine measures at the 15-month follow up: The multivariate effect was significant (Wilk's Lambda =.11, p<.0005) as were all nine of the univariate effects (all p <.0005). Second, in order to assess whether the improvement shown
immediately following EMDR treatment had been maintained over the following year the immediate posttreatment scores were
compared with, the 15-month follow-up scores. The multivariate test was nonsignificant (Wilk's lambda=.74, p=.079), indicating
the improvement shown immediately following EMDR was maintained 15 months later. The univariate analyses indicated
additional improvement for the PTSD symptoms of intrusions (IES Intrusion: F(1,56)=7.71, p=307) and avoidance (IES
avoidance: F_(1,56) -4.44, p=.040). None of the nine measures showed deterioration at the 15-month follow up. Prior to EMDR
treatment 45% (g= 9) of the responders had been diagnosed as PTSD, at the 15-month follow up only 7% (g = 4) were diagnosed
as PTSD (chi-squareo, N=61)= .72, p < .05).
III. Responders Versus Nonresponders at the 15-Month Follow up.:
At the time of writing this abstract, 75% of the participants (g=61) have responded to the 15-month follow up. In general,
measures taken prior to treatment did not differentiate responders fiom nonresponders. Responding at the 15-month follow up was
unrelated to age, gender, marital status or years of education, although the annual income of the responders (Mdn=21,500) was
higher than that of the nonresponders (Mdn = 14,750, Mann-Whitney U=372.5, p=.017). Responding or not at 15 months was
unrelated to the type of trauma experienced, whether or not the participants had been in therapy prior to EMDR treatment, or how
long ago the trauma had occurred. It was also unrelated to the severity of the trauma as measured by the pretreatment scores on the
nine dependent variables and to whether or not the participant met the PTSD diagnosis criteria prior to treatment.
A multiple regression analysis used the immediate posttreatment and 90-day posttreatment scores to predict whether or not the
participant responded at the 15-month follow up. Nonrespondents were more likely to be depressed at 90-days following treatment
than were respondents (R square=.O8, B=-.16, Beta = -.28, F_L1,71)=5.99, p=.017). No other variables entered into the
regression model. IV Discussiona and Conclusion, Tretement effects found immediately following EMDR treatment wer maintained or improved 15 months later and thee was a significant decrease in the number of participants diagnosed as PTSD at the 15 month follow up. The comparison of responders to nonresponders at the 15 month follow up showed that the nonresponders were more depressed than the responders, raising the possiblity that the present results may be favorably biased to some extent. The discussion will include the additional, subjective impressions of participants who did not respond to the follow up. Limitations of EMDR with this population will be discussed, including the influence of comorbidity, multiple traumas, retraumatization after treatment, and spontaneous recurrence of symptoms. V. References: 1) Derogatis, L. R. (1992). SCL-90: Administration Scoring and Procedures Manual II. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research. 2) Horowitz, M. J., Wilmer, N. & Alverez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Distress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209-218. 3) Shapiro, F. (1995), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures. 4) Speilberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. D., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. 5) Wilson, S. A., Tinker, R. A., & Becker, L. A. (1994, November). Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)Treatment for Trauma Victims. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL. 6) Wilson, S. A., Becker, L. A., & Tinker, R. A. (In press), EMDR, treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
Keywords: Follow-up Traumatic Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Shapiro, F. (2009, August). A 20 year update of EMDR clinical applications: What is the depth and scope of treatment?. Plenary at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In 1989, the seminal randomized controlled study on EMD appeared in the Journal of Traumatic Stress. However, by the time the first trainings began in the US in 1990, the principles now known as the Adaptive Information Processing model were guiding the development of the procedures and protocols, which in 1991, were officially renamed EMDR. All participants in these early trainings and in the years following were introduced to the hypothesis that most pathology emerges from unprocessed memories of earlier life experiences (AKA “small t trauma”) and that targeting and processing these experiences could provide the basis of efficient and effective treatment outcomes. These predictions have been supported in the widespread use of EMDR. Consequently, we have much to learn from examining these treatment effects, starting with the first published report in 1991 of the elimination of a delusional state, through the myriad applications that have been reported to date. This presentation will review a variety of these clinical reports and explore their implications for current and future EMDR practice.
Keywords: Plenary
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Miller, R., & Tay, K. H. (2009, August). Adapting the standard EMDR protocol for clients with mild mental retardation: Some guidelines and implications. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR as a psychotherapeutic approach has been shown to be effective. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the efficacy of EMDR for clients diagnosed with mild mental retardation. The DSM-IV defines mild mental retardation as below average intelligence (IQ between 70 and 55) along with some deficiencies in adaptive functioning skills demonstrated before age 18. The purpose of our clinical project was to explore the applicability of EMDR for our adult clients (n = 12; mean age 22.5) diagnosed with mild mental retardation by adapting the standard protocol. Studies showed that individuals with mental retardation learn and retain information more effectively when materials are presented to them in a visual, concrete, and interactive manner while utilizing the principles of positive reinforcements.
The prevalence of mental health problems and the wide range of clinical symptoms among these individuals have been reported in several studies. Additionally, these adults are misunderstood as being overly limited in their ability to reap any therapeutic benefit from counseling interventions. Prout and Strohmer (1998), for instance, argued that adults with mental retardation do benefit from counseling interventions. However, they stressed the need for more sophisticated or modified use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Psychotherapeutic techniques and models should be modified, if feasible, in regards to language and cognitive levels commensurate with the clients’ background.
Based on our clinical observations, the following are some examples of proposed guidelines to assist the EMDR clinicians in thinking more creatively when adapting the standard protocol.
1) Considerable amount of preparation at the onset of EMDR is necessary, as it plays a pivotal role in ensuring a successful outcome.
2) Visual depiction of the SUDs and VOCs on a scale of 0 through 5, or 0 through 10, depending on the client’s cognitive abilities is beneficial. Use of “faces” to depict concretely various levels of distress should be made.
3) The concepts of PC and NC may be too abstract for some in this population. We assist clients by operationally defining those concepts with the list of commonly used PCs and NCs in simpler language.
4) Coping resources are sometimes limited for these adults. Clients will benefit from having multiple reinforcements of self-soothing skills thorough the installation of the “safe place” and “resources”.
5) Positive reinforcements (e.g., frequent verbal reminders) should be used regularly in sessions throughout treatment. However, be mindful of clients’ desire to please the clinician.
6) Role-playing should be used when feasible throughout treatment, e.g., during the installation of future templates, as it heightens more sensory, affective, and behavioral modes of learning rather than verbal modality alone.
Based on the treatment outcomes reported by our clients, EMDR is an effective treatment option, as evidenced by sustained reduction in their level of distress to traumatic memories. Findings from this clinical project have practice and research implications. First, the standard protocol should be adapted for use with adults with mild mental retardation to achieve optimal gain. Second, empirical research is needed to provide further evidence for the efficacy of EMDR for adults with mild mental retardation.
Keywords: Mental Retardation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Cotraccia, A. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing and a systemic biopsychosocial model. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 27-36. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.27.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Shapiro's (2001) adaptive information processing (AIP) model portrays an innate healing system hypothesized to be composed of neurophysiological mechanisms of action causally related to the resolution of disturbing life experiences. The author expands the model to include psychosocial mechanisms and suggests that a model of a biopsychosocial system can best depict causal properties related to positive outcomes of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Teleofunctionalist and evolutionary perspectives are applied: the first, to explain the inclusion of the psychological and social features highlighted in the updated model; the second, to support the hypothesis that AIP is a goal of the human attachment system. It is posited that bonding, following a disturbing life experience, facilitates the access of information related to previous states, thus allowing an update of self/world models. These interactions are analogous to psychotherapeutic encounters, with multiple levels of information processing at subpersonal, personal, and interpersonal levels. Analysis of the causal properties of personal and interpersonal levels supports a broader understanding of AIP's scope in conceptualizing psychopathology and informing treatment applications and research.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Biopsychosocial Internal Working Models Teleofunctionalism
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Hensley, B. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing, targeting, the standard protocol, and strategies for successful outcomes in EMDR reprocessing. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 92-100. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.92.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article provides excerpts from each chapter of An EMDR Primer: From Practicum to Practice (Hensley, 2009) to assist novice eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinicians who are learning how to use this approach and to serve as a refresher for therapists who have not used EMDR consistently in their practices. Actual cases are presented that demonstrate various strategies that the therapist can use to help clients reach adaptive resolution of trauma. Tables and figures highlight important features to explain the obvious and subtle nuances of EMDR. Focal points are the following: (a) the adaptive information processing model; (b) the types of targets accessed during the EMDR process; (c) the 8 phases of EMDR; (d) the components of the standard EMDR protocol used during the assessment phase; (e) past, present, and future in terms of appropriate targeting and successful outcomes; and (f) strategies and techniques for dealing with challenging clients, high levels of abreaction, and blocked processing.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Cognitive Interweave Three-Pronged Approach Types of Targets Unblocking Strategies
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Broad, R. D. & Wheeler, K. (2006, May). An adult with childhood medical trauma treated with psychoanalytic psychotherapy and EMDR: A case study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(2), 95-105. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2006.00058.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Problem: Adverse childhood experiences have been found to be a strong predictor of emotional and physical problems in adulthood. However, the long-term sequelae for children who have suffered critical illness and exposure to invasive medical procedures are less well documented. Methods: This is a case study of an adult client who sought treatment for depression and attention deficit disorder. The psychotherapy treatment is discussed and the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is described targeting a memory of a medical trauma resulting from a tonsillectomy when the client was 8 years old. Conclusions: Significant healing outcomes were attained as a result of the therapy, i.e., decreased depression, less hypervigilance, and increased ability to concentrate, which resulted in the discontinuation of medication for depression and ADHD as well as significant improvement in overall functioning.
Keywords: Childhood Medical Trauma Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Adverse Childhood Experiences Depression Attention Deficit Disorder Early Experience Major Depression PTSD Psychoanalysis Childhood Development Clinical Case Study Empirical Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. O'Shea, K. (2008, June). Anger, imagination and EMDR – what EMDR has taught us about the importance of anger and how to facilitate its safe release. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Jaak Panksepp’s text, Affective Neuroscience (1998), informs us of the vast amount of neurological data available
to show that, like all mammals, anger is one of our basic affective circuits. Yet it is not identified as such in the
diagnostic manual, at least here in the States. Only the destructive outcomes of angry behaviors are included.
Guiding EMDR sessions over the past 17 years has given me the opportunity to observe the nondestructive
release of anger as a protective response to harmful (traumatic) experiences. Imagination appears to provide us
with an innate ability to acknowledge the degree of harm, and to experience, at a physical level, the capability to
protect ourselves and others, if anything similar recurs. Following that release, I consistently see what I call
“Compassion-with-Protection”, spontaneously expressed. Others call it “forgiveness”. Because of their
experiences with destructive anger and our cultural avoidance of anger, clients often have difficulty allowing
their angry feelings to be felt and released during EMDR work. Letting them know they have this capability can
enable them to “just notice what happens” during trauma reprocessing. This workshop will address, via
description and case examples, how EMDR has clarified the nature of anger. It will specify how EMDR clinicians
can support their clients in releasing anger non-destructively (by clearing the anger circuit during Preparation,
teaching them how the Imagination works - for self-use and during reprocessing, - and identifying the most
efficient targeting sequences), so they can update their systems to their current level of capability and fully
experience the “Compassion-with-Protection” that naturally follows.
Keywords: Anger Imagination
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Verzolatto, N. (2008, Novembre). Applicazioni patriche dell'EMDR in ambito ospedaliero [Applications practice EMDR in hospitals]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In ambito ospedaliero l’intervento psicologico presenta peculiarità che rispondono ad alcune caratteristiche come :
- la velocità di intervento;
- l’ esigenza di applicare protocolli rapidi ed efficaci.
La necessità della rapidità è data dal fatto che il paziente allettato è generalmente in sofferenza fisica (spesso è presente dolore) oltre che psicologica e quindi non disponibile ad indagini ed interventi di tipo tradizionale (come assesment prolungati o studio approfondito della biografia);
l’efficacia è intesa nel senso che gli strumenti devono centrare la domanda dell’inviante, che solitamente non è il paziente ma il reparto di degenza, e devono intervenire sul disagio del paziente che spesso esprime sintomi specifici.
Generalmente i motivi per i quali vengono richieste le consulenze sono ascrivibili ad alcune precise categorie diagnostiche quali:
-PTSD e PTSD sottosoglia. Riguardano generalmente: le comunicazioni di diagnosi gravi e/o prognosi infausta, sia nel paziente che nel familiare; eventi traumatici quali la violenza sessuale e domestica, traumi per incidenti, traumi per ricoveri in reparti particolari come le Stroke Unit o le Unità di Rianimazione).
-disturbi d’ansia e DAP. Rientrano in questa categoria le consulenze per le fobie per sala operatoria, per l’anestesia, la paura del non risveglio e i timori per esiti del post-interveto (per es. nel caso di prostatectomie o laringectomie).
Nei casi sopra citati l’uso dell’EMDR diventa spesso lo strumento d’elezione per le peculiarità proprie che rispondono perfettamente alle caratterizzazioni sopra citate.
Nell’workshop si confronterà l’esperienza di tale attività e si discuterà di come l’uso dell’EMDR risponda per efficacia e velocità alle esigenze sopra esplicitate.
Psychological intervention in the hospital has special features that meet certain characteristics such as:
- The speed of intervention;
- 'S need to implement protocols for rapid and effective.
The need for speed is the fact that the patient is usually bedridden physical suffering (pain is often present) as well as psychological and therefore not available to traditional investigations and interventions (such as prolonged or assesment study of the biography);
effectiveness is understood that the instruments must hit dell'inviante demand, which is usually not the patient but the ward and must act on the discomfort of the patient often expresses specific symptoms.
Usually the reasons for which are claimed are attributable to some specific advice diagnostic categories such as:
-PTSD and subthreshold PTSD. Generally relate to: the Communications Diagnostic serious and / or poor prognosis, both in the patient in family trauma such as sexual and domestic violence, trauma caused by accidents, trauma admissions to particular departments as the Stroke Unit or the Intensive Care Unit) .
-Anxiety disorders and CAD. This category includes advice for phobias to the operating room, anesthesia, fear of not waking up and fears of post-surgical outcomes (eg. In the case of prostatectomy or laryngectomy).
In the above cases the use EMDR is often the tool of choice for the special features that perfectly meet the above characterizations.
Nell'workshop you compare the experience of this activity and will explore how to use EMDR effectiveness and speed to meet the requirements spelled out above.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Scurfield, R. M., & Wilson, J. P. (2003, April). Ask not for whom the bell tolls: Controversy in post–traumatic stress disorder treatment outcome findings for war veterans. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 4(2), 112-126. doi:10.1177/1524838002250763 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reviews and analyzes two national studies of the efficacy of treatment
for war veterans suffering from post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Acareful
analysis of the studies conducted by the Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA)
Northeast Program Evaluation Center (NEPEC) reveals conceptual, methodological,
and design flaws in the research, which reports minimal treatment efficacy for
PTSD. Based on this limited, if not biased, data, the results were used for policy
purposes to dismantle inpatient PTSD hospital units and trauma-focus treatments.
Acritique is offered as a review to suggest how future studies might be conducted,
designed, and evaluated, including the need for independent, “outside”
peer reviews inasmuch as the issue of treatment outcomes generalizes to many
nonmilitary populations.[Sagepub]
Keywords: DVA Outcome Policy PTSD Research Therapy Treatment Vietnam Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Barker, S. B. (2000, September). Assessing clinical outcomes of therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Internatonal Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify at least 2 reaons to assess outcomes in therapy utilizing EMDR; 2) describe the use and intepretation of the Trauma Syndrome Inventory in assessing clinical outcomes; 3) describe the use and interpretation of the Impact of Events Scale in assessing clinical outcomes; and 4) demonstrate the appropriate use of assessment results with clients, other healthcase providers and outside agencies.
Keywords: Clinical Outcome Impact of Events Scale Trauma Syndrome Inventory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Dworkin, M. (2009, August). Attachment, attunement, and resonance in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Attachment, attunement, and resonance in the eight phases of EMDR enhance therapeutic outcomes. Patients with disorganized attachment processes may have complications that may make EMDR treatment more difficult. This workshop is designed to teach attunement, resonance, and therapeutic relatedness strategies in the work with patients with complicated attachment histories. Problems and solutions for misattunements during the eight phases will be the main focus of this workshop. Interpersonal neurobiological concepts will be taught to enhance the participant’s effectiveness. The Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire will be demonstrated as a tool to deal with correct therapist misattunement.
Keywords: Attachment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Kraft, S., Schepker, R., Goldbeck, L., & Fegert, J. M. (2006). Behandlung der posttraumatischen belastungsstörung bei kindern und jugendlichen. Eine übersicht empirischer wirksamkeitsstudien [Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents -- A review of treatment outcome studies]. Nervenheilkunde: Zeitschrift für interdisziplinaere Fortbildung, 25(9), 709-716.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Basierend auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Stand des Wissens über die Wirksamkeit von pharmakologischen und psychotherapeutischen Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zusammengefasst und bewertet. Neunzehn kontrollierten randomisierten klinischen Studien wurden für die Psychotherapie gefunden, und keiner für die Pharmakotherapie. Die Wirksamkeit von kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie Programme erhärtet worden ist, mit der Teilnahme der Eltern oder Betreuer in die Behandlung zu sein scheint vorteilhaft. Es gibt vielversprechende Studien für Eye Movement Desensitizafion und die Wiederaufbereitung (EMDR) und für Multisystemische Familientherapie. Aufgrund der kleinen Fallzahlen und fehlenden Replikation, haben ihre Ergebnisse als vorläufig zu betrachten. Bis jetzt gibt es keine kontrollierten klinischen Studien zu pharmakologischen Therapien für traumatisierte Kinder und Jugendliche. Weitere Studien zu diesem zahlenmäßig relevant und zum Teil erheblich beeinträchtigt Gruppe sind, geltend gemacht werden. Untersuchungen zur differentiellen Indikation von verschiedenen Behandlungsansätze und über die Wirksamkeit von Kombinationstherapien, die Psychotherapie plus Pharmakotherapie, fehlen. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, alle Rechte vorbehalten)
Based on a systematic literature search, the current state of knowledge on the efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents is summarized and reviewed. Nineteen randomized controlled clinical trials were found for psychotherapy, and none for pharmacotherapy. The efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatment programs has been substantiated, with the participation of a parent or caretaker in the treatment seeming to be beneficial. There are promising studies for Eye Movement Desensitizafion and Reprocessing (EMDR) and for Multisystemic Family Therapy. However, because of small sample sizes and lacking replication, their results have to be regarded as provisional. Up to now, there are no controlled clinical trials on pharmacological treatments for traumatized children and adolescents. More studies on this numerically relevant and partly severely impaired group are to be claimed. Studies on differential indication of different treatment approaches and on the efficacy of combination treatments, as psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy, are lacking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adolescent Psychiatry Child Psychiatry Drug Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Keller, B., Stevens, L. C., Boyce, K., Lui, C., & Murray, J. (2011). Bilateral eye movements and EEG coherence during positive memories: Implications for PTSD and EMDR. Presentation at the American Psychological Association Conference, Washington, DC.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of bilateral eye movements in the processing of long-term emotional memories, especially as it pertains to the treatment method for PTSD known as EMDR. EMDR utilizes methods similar to cognitive therapy and exposure but also employs saccadic eye movements to facilitate the treatment. The saccadic eye movements are theorized by Shapiro and others to decrease emotional valence and vividness of episodic memories allowing for easier reprocessing. There remains some disagreement as to the actual role and importance of the saccadic eye movements as well as to the neurological effects of EMDR.
This study used EEG power-spectral analysis and measures of interhemispheric coherence on 30 individuals who underwent one of three conditions while recalling positive episodic memories. The 3 conditions were (1) a solid black dot with no eye movement (control), (2) a low frequency color changing dot with no eye movement, and (3) a bilateral eye movement condition simulating EMDR. After a 5’ eyes-open baseline, participants experienced one of the three conditions while recalling a positive memory for five 1’ episodes. After each episode, each participant had 19-channel EEGs recorded while they stared ahead eyes opened. EEG data were noise artifacted, power spectral analyzed, and statistically analyzed for interhemispheric coherence differences between conditions for clusters of frontal pole (Fp), frontal (F), central (C), parietal (P), and occipital (O) electrodes.
ANCOVA analysis of post-treatment coherence values, with baseline values as the covariate, across conditions showed significantly increased Low Beta (12-20Hz) activity in the Frontal region of the brain during the saccadic eye movements condition compared to the low frequency dot condition (p=.012). Also found were significantly increased Low Theta (4-6Hz) coherence values in the Parietal region of the brain in the low frequency dot condition compared to both the eye fixation (p=.017) and saccadic eye movement (p=.022) conditions. Self reports of memory clarity and vividness indicated significantly increased measures across all conditions. LORETA cortical localization analyses revealed Low Beta (12-20Hz) activation during the saccadic eye movements condition occurring primarily in Brodmanns Area 11 (BA11) and Brodmann Area 25 (BA25) and Low Theta (4-6Hz) activation during the low frequency dot condition focused in BA35 and BA36. LORETA neuroimages are presented.
Cortical localizations of increased Low Beta interhemispheric coherence in BA11 (VentroMedial Frontal Cortex) and BA25 (Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex) following bilateral eye movements during the recall of positive memories suggest a synchronization of information processing activities in parts of the frontal cortex involved in planning, reasoning, and decision making (11) and in verbal episodic memory retrieval (25). These functions are consistent with the assigned tasks of review of positive episodic memories in this study. Coincident with this pattern of cortical activation was an obtained increase in memory clarity and vividness during episodic memory retrieval. It is possible that the obtained effects on beta activity were an artifact of eye movements; however, the lack of significantly increased signal coherence at the Fp region and the removal of eye movement artifacts prior to data analysis reduce this possibility. These results provide support for an Interhemispheric Coherence Model as an explanation for the positive effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing of retrieved memories. Additionally, these outcomes suggest that it is the saccadic eye movements, not a repetition of a rhythmic stimulus, that elicits the changes in interhemispheric coherence, and possibly in emotional valence and vividness, highlighting the importance of saccadic eye movements in EMDR.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation EEG Coherence Eye Movements: Positive Memories Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: No
15. Gannon, J. P. (2011, April). A brain-based peak performance model using meditation, EMDR and cardio imagery and rehearsal. Peak Performance Systems, San Francisco.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a new model of peak performance training based on applications of brain research to stimulate mental skill acquisition leading to enhanced performance capabilities. Brain-based techniques such as Mindfulness Meditation (MM), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cardio Imagery and Rehearsal (CIR) appear to stimulate various neurological processes including alpha and theta brain waves, higher interhemispheric coherence and reduced sympathetic nervous system arousal. Clinical application of these techniques in a preliminary pilot study with a variety of performers was shown in follow-up self-assessments to have enhanced performance outcomes on seven measures including reduced performance anxiety and self-consciousness, enhanced concentration and focus, improved memorization of performance routines and enhanced overall performance goals. The idea that specific performance routines can be installed using these brain-based techniques that enhance peak performance functioning on demand was supported by these findings.. However, the results of this pilot study are preliminary and further studies using a larger subject sample, empirically validated test measurements and independent control groups are necessary before these findings can be corroborated.
Keywords: Brain-Based Peak Performance Brainscripting Cardio Imagery and Rehearsal Flow Interhemispheric Coherence Mindfulness Meditation Neurofeedback Neuroplasticity Performance Anxiety Pilot Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Borstein, S. (2011, August). Brief adjunctive EMDR: How to work collaboratively and quickly with referrals for EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Non-EMDR-trained clinicians sometimes ask if “a little EMDR” might help their clients. This workshop presents a specific model of Brief Adjunctive EMDR that can accelerate progress in traditional therapy, help the client and the primary therapist to clarify stuck points, and enrich ongoing work. Screening criteria are offered and potential pitfalls are outlined, along with ways to prevent or resolve these problems. An active collaborative relationship with the referring therapist is essential in this model; ways to develop collaboration are discussed. Participants will receive sample forms to educate prospective clients, inform referring therapists, guide case conceptualization, and measure treatment outcomes.
Keywords: Brief Adjunctive Therapy Referrals
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012, March). Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), 224-231. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099234.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background:
Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye
movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR)
are efficacious treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), but few studies have directly compared them using
well-powered designs and few have investigated response
patterns.
Aims:
To compare the efficacy and response pattern of a traumafocused
CBT modality, brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD,
with EMDR (trial registration: ISRCTN64872147).
Method:
Out-patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to brief
eclectic psychotherapy (n = 70) or EMDR (n = 70) and
assessed at all sessions on self-reported PTSD (Impact of
Event Scale – Revised). Other outcomes were clinician-rated
PTSD, anxiety and depression.
Results:
Both treatments were equally effective in reducing PTSD
symptom severity, but the response pattern indicated that
EMDR led to a significantly sharper decline in PTSD
symptoms than brief eclectic psychotherapy, with similar
drop-out rates (EMDR: n = 20 (29%), brief eclectic
psychotherapy: n = 25 (36%)). Other outcome measures
confirmed this pattern of results.
Conclusions:
Although both treatments are effective, EMDR results in a
faster recovery compared with the more gradual
improvement with brief eclectic psychotherapy.
Declaration of interest:
A.d.J. teaches and supervises clinical psychologists and
psychiatrists in psychological trauma and its treatment
by means of seminars, workshops and conferences, for
which the participants pay a fee. He is also director
and shareholder of a trauma treatment unit. For both
activities he has the formal permission of the executive
board of the University of Amsterdam to which he is
affiliated.
Keywords: BEP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Randomized Controlled Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. McGowan, I., McLaughlin, D., Miller, P., & Paterson, M. (2010, April). Cessation of suicide related behaviour following EMDR. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Deliberate self harm (DSH) and suicidal behaviour are major public health issues. It is estimated that DSH costs around £40 million pounds annually in addition to the incalculable human cost. The aim of the presentation is to highlight on- going work exploring the relationship between trauma and suicide related thoughts and behaviour. Utilising a case series approach the presentation will build upon previous work by the presenters. It report a number of cases in which suicidal behaviour and thoughts have ceased following treatment of a trauma related presentation using Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing. The paper will conclude that suicidal behaviour is related to previous trauma and that by resolving the initial trauma the potential for suicidal behaviour including DSH is greatly diminished or disappears.
Learning Outcomes By the end of the session participants will be able to:
• discuss the relationship between trauma and suicidal behaviour,
• discuss the potential of using trauma focused interventions in treating suicidal behaviour
Keywords: Suicide
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Miller, P., McGowan, I., McLaughlin, D., & Paterson, M. (2010, April). Cessation of symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia following EMDR. Presentation at 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Background: Despite over a 100 years experience with schizophrenia it is still only a minority of individuals who make a full recovery. Schizophrenia is a severe enduring mental illness (SMI) and the weight of burden falls with regard to legal problems, stigma and life expectancy: life expectancy in this group of individuals is reduced by 10 years, mostly as a consequence of suicide.
Aim: The aim of the presentation is to highlight the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia. Using a case study approach we will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in relieving the symptoms of dissociative schizophrenia.
Case Study: In Patient ‘M’ using an EMDR paradigm integration was achieved using only outpatient therapy – 12 sessions, over the course of one year. Medication was used initially but made no impact on the psychotic phenomena; even when used within normally efficacious levels and duration. Naltrexone was used to help manage dissociation (Frewen & Lanius, 2006) and to facilitate Patient ‘M’ in engaging in EMDR. Patient ‘M’ is now nearly three years symptom free and medication free.
Conclusion: EMDR is effective in symptoms associated with dissociative symptoms.
Learning Outcomes By the end of the session participants will be able to; Gain an greater understanding of the clinical presentation of dissociative schizophrenia Discuss the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia
Keywords: Dissociative Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Monahan, K., & Forgash, C. (2012, March). Childhood sexual abuse and adult physical and dental health outcomes. In E. A. Kalfoğlu & R. Faikoglu (Eds.), Sexual Abuse - Breaking the Silence (pp. 137-152). Intechopen.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Along the same lines, evidence-based assessment and interventions must be in line with the
finding of how significant the subjective impressions of sexual assault are for incarcerated
older adults in treatment. A promising intervention that is being piloted in the criminal
justice system with younger age groups is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR). EMDR specifically targets change in subjective units of distress among trauma
survivors, particularly sexual abuse survivors, which in turn reduces post traumatic stress
symptoms (Kitchiner, 2000). Moreover, previous research with incarcerated juvenile
offenders shows that EMDR can work in reducing post traumatic stress reactivity resulting
in less violent behavior and conduct problems among samples. Its utility for older adults,
especially those with histories of sexual assault victimization and perpetration is perhaps a
promising intervention. The use of evidence-based practices suggests that untreated trauma
and grief are related to increased adult recidivism rates (Leach et al., 2008). Therefore,
treating psychological distress and untreated symptoms effectively, which involves both
screening and treatment that captures subjective experiences, may help to break the cycle of
recidivism and in some case sexual offending. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Dental Health Physical Health
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Figley, C. R., Carbonnell, J., Boscarino, J., & Chang, J. (1999, Summer). A clinical demonstration model for assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions: An expanded clinical trials methodology. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 1(Part 3), 155-164 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Both the evaluation of current treatment interventions and the innovation of new ones are vital to maintaining a viable clinical profession. In the field of psychology, however, often there are serious challenges facing these worthy endeavors. This article reviews several problems and limitations with evaluation of innovative psychotherapy treatments in clinical practice and suggests a strategy to overcome these. This approach, which we term the "Systematic Clinical Demonstration Methodology" (SCDM), combines the skills of clinicians with the rigors of clinical trials methods and permits concurrent clinical innovation and scientific evaluation. Here we suggest that the SCDM approach allows innovative practitioners to assist in the development and evaluation of promising clinical interventions by working closely with clinical trials researchers. This allows innovative clinicians to demonstrate new treatment approaches, while clinical researchers evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these interventions using clinical trials methods that incorporate qualitative data. We suggest that this approach can result in the development and evaluation of new treatment innovations more quickly and cost effectively than traditionally has been the case. In addition, some limitations commonly associated with clinical trials, such as not treating patients typically found in clinical practice, failing to treat patients with multiple disorders, or treating patients from different cultural or sociodemographic groups, can be more effectively addressed. Our experiences with using this method to evaluate different psychotherapy treatments for PTSD are presented as an example of this new approach. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Methodology Neurolinguistic Programming NLP Outcomes Research Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Controlled Trials RCT Systematic Clinical Demonstration Methodology TFT Thought Field Therapy TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Opdyke, D. C. (1995, May). Clinical efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Georgia State University. AAT 9608510.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has gained notoriety as a brief treatment for PTSD. In EMDR, clients repeatedly bring up traumatic events in memory and visually track stimuli moving back and forth in front of them. Previous group studies of EMDR have had methodological problems, however. The present study attempted to (1) assess EMDR's effectiveness compared to an Eye Focus treatment controlling for eye movement; (2) compare both treatments to a wait-list control; and (3) rate therapist characteristics to check experimenter bias.20 participants suffering from PTSD were randomly assigned to either EMDR or Eye Focus (EF) treatments, and immediate treatment or wait-list conditions. After two 90-minute treatment sessions, outcomes were assessed on subjective measures of anxiety (SUDs) and cognitive beliefs (VOCs). The mean SUDs pre-post differences on matched pairs t-tests indicated significant reduction of disturbance for both the EMDR group, p < .001, and the Eye Focus group, p < .001. VOC ratings showed similar treatment gains. Two-factor analyses assessed changes across groups (2 administrations x 2 treatment groups) on two standardized measures, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale (MPSS). The IES showed a main effect for treatment F (2, 18) = 16.45, p < .001, while wait-list remained unchanged F (2, 18) = 1.09, p > .05. A significant interaction F (2, 18) = 6.69, p < .05 supported treatment efficacy. EMDR and EF participants improved equally on the IES, i.e., no differences for type of treatment, F (2, 18) = 0.54, p > .05. The MPSS also showed a main effect for treatment, F (2, 18) = 6.46, p < .05, with wait-list unchanged, F (2, 18) = 0.27, p > .05. This interaction was not significant, p =.10. Further, both EMDR and EF groups demonstrated improvement on the MPSS. Results suggest that (1) EMDR and Eye Focus are both effective in reducing some self-reported PTSD symptoms; (2) EMDR and Eye Focus scores improved significantly compared to wait-list; and (3) ratings of experimenter bias suggested that the EMDR and Eye Focus participants were treated equally by the therapist. Future comparison studies should use larger samples, independent assessors, and equally-trained independent therapists. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(11-B), May 1996, pp. 6402
Keywords: Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Jayatunge, R. M. (2008). Combating tsunami disaster through EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 140-145. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.140.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
After the 2004 tsunami devastation in Sri Lanka, many citizens experienced severe psychological reactions. The effectiveness of EMDR is illustrated in the treatment of 7 of these individuals: 3 children and 2 adults with PTSD symptoms and 2 adults with depressive symptoms. After 3-8 sessions of EMDR the symptoms were eradicated and these clients were free from their depressive feelings, anxieties, intrusions, and nightmares, were able to function normally, and were able to lead productive lives. These outcomes replicate those in the research literature demonstrating that EMDR is an efficacious treatment for PTSD in general, with specific utility for disaster-related PTSD. It is recommended that future controlled studies be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EMDR in the immediate aftermath of disasters and to assess its effectiveness with major depressive disorder. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Children Disaster Recent Events South Asia Sri Lanka Tsunami
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. McMulin, T. (1998, June). Combining EMDR with relapse prevention programs to enhance treatment outcomes with sex offenders. EMDRIA Newsletter, 3(2), 20-24.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
There have been numerous barriers to the development of comprehensive and successful treatment for sex offenders. One of the primary barriers involved societal views of offenders as being incorrigible and first and foremost deserving of punishment. Offenders themselves have fed that view because of seemingly impenetrable defense mechanisms they develop to maintain a sense of safety from others as well as their own thoughts, feelings, and memories. Other barriers to development of comprehensive treatment models involve the failure of traditional psychodynamic techniques, which focus primarily on resolving intrapsychic conflicts, to provide cost effective, adequate, and reliable treatment results (Lockhart, Saunders, & Cleveland, 1989).
Keywords: Relapse Prevention Programs Sex Offenders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Seidler, G. H., & Wagner, F. E. (2006, November). Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Medicine, 36(11), 1515-1522. doi:10.1017/S0033291706007963.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are both widely used in the treatment of PTSD. There has, however, been debate regarding the advantages of one approach over the other. This study sought to determine whether there was any evidence that one treatment was superior to the other. Method: We performed a systematic review of the literature dating from 1989 to 2005 and identified 8 publications describing treatment outcomes of EMDR and CBT in active-active comparisons. 7 of these studies were investigated meta-analytically. Results: The superiority of one treatment over the other could not be demonstrated. Trauma-focused CBT and EMDR tend to be equally efficacious. Differences between the two forms of treatment are probably not of clinical significance. While the data indicate that moderator variables influence treatment efficacy, we argue that because of the small number of original studies, little benefit is to be gained from a closer examination of these variables. Further research is needed within the framework of randomized controlled trials. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in the treatment of PTSD, both therapy methods tend to be equally efficacious. We suggest that future research should not restrict its focus to the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of these therapy methods but should also attempt to establish which trauma patients are more likely to benefit from one method or the other. What remains unclear is the contribution of the eye movement component in EMDR to treatment outcome. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Cognitive Therapy Meta Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Jaberghaderi, N., Greenwald, R., Rubin, A., Zand, S. O., & Dolatabadim, S. (2004, September-October). A comparison of CBT and EMDR for sexually abused Iranian girls. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11(5), 358-368. doi:10.1002/cpp.395.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
14 randomly assigned Iranian girls ages 12-13 years who had been sexually abused received up to 12 sessions of CBT or EMDR treatment. Assessment of post-traumatic stress symptoms and problem behaviours was completed at pre-treatment and 2 weeks post-treatment. Both treatments showed large effect sizes on the post-traumatic symptom outcomes, and a medium effect size on the behaviour outcome, all statistically significant. A non-significant trend on self-reported post-traumatic stress symptoms favoured EMDR over CBT. Treatment efficiency was calculated by dividing change scores by number of sessions; EMDR was significantly more efficient, with large effect sizes on each outcome. Limitations include small N, single therapist for each treatment condition, no independent verification of treatment fidelity, and no long-term follow-up. These findings suggest that both CBT and EMDR can help girls to recover from the effects of sexual abuse, and that structured trauma treatments can be applied to children in Iran. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy CBT Child Abuse Cogntiive Behavorial Therapy Cognitive Therapy Elementary School Students Empirical Study Females Incest Iranians Manual-Based Treatments Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Quantitative Study Rape Random Clinical Trial RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Jaberghaderi, N., Greenwald, R., Rubin, A., Dolatabadi, S., & Zand, S. O. (2002, November). A comparison of CBT and EMDR for sexually abused Iranian girls. Poster presented at the 18th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Fourteen randomly assigned Iranian girls ages 12-13 who had been sexually
abused received up to 12 sessions of CBT or EMDR treatment.Assessment
of post-traumatic stress symptoms and problem behaviors were completed
at pre-treatment and 2 weeks post-treatment. Both treatments showed very
large effect sizes on the post-traumatic symptom outcomes, and a modest
effect size on the behavior outcome, all statistically significant. A non-significant
trend on self-reported post-traumatic stress symptoms favored EMDR
over CBT.Treatment efficiency was calculated by dividing effect size by number
of sessions; EMDR was significantly more efficient. Limitations include small
N, single therapist for each treatment condition, and lack of long-term followup.
These findings suggest that both CBT and EMDR can help girls to recover
from the effects of sexual abuse, and that structured trauma treatments can
be applied to children in other cultures.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Girls Iran Poster Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Grey, E. (2010, September/October). Concentrated EMDR: A case study of EMDR with co-morbid depression and anxiety. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The efficacy of EMDR treatment for PTSD is established. EMDR is globally recognized as a level one
evidence-based practice for PTSD. The studies that were used to determine these findings tended to have weekly
EMDR sessions; however it may be possible that more frequent sessions could produce more effective outcomes.
This pilot study investigated concentrated EMDR treatment using a quantitative single case study design with a
participant with co-morbid major depressive disorder, severe without psychotic features and panic disorder with
agoraphobia. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine concentrated EMDR treatment warrants further
research attention. The researcher used the Beck's Depression Inventory and The Beck's Anxiety Inventory as the
outcome measures. A non-predetermined treatment trial of twelve EMDR reprocessing treatment sessions
occurred at a frequency of three 90 minutes sessions per week for a period of one month. Thc baseline mean
scores were. BAI: M=38, BDI: M=49. At a 3-month follow-up the scores decrease to raw outcome scores of BAI:
7; BDI: 8. The results of this pilot study are significant in indicating that (a) concentrated EMDR may promote
favorable treatmenr outcomes and (b) concentrated EMDR may be effective in treating co-morbid major
depressive disorder, severe without psychotic features and panic with agoraphobia.
Keywords: Anxiety Case Study Depression Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Monteiro, A. M. (2012, September). Conquistas na Psicoterapia: Estudos de caso com EMDR [Conquists in Psychotherapy: Case studies with EMDR]. Associação Brasileira de EMDR, Brasilia.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Book
Abstract:
Este livro de casos descreve sessões por diferentes autores/terapeutas que utilizaram a nova abordagem psicoterapêutica, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) para tratar seus clientes. Cada caso contem a história do cliente, o manejo clínico e os resultados - muitas vezes surpreendentes pela rapidez e eficácia de resolução. Trata-se do primeiro livro de casos de EMDR publicados por autores brasileiros.
This book describes cases of sessions by different authors / therapists who used the new approach psychotherapy, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) to treat their customers. Each case contains client history, clinical management and outcomes - often surprising the speed and efficiency of resolution. This is the first book-case EMDR published by Brazilian authors.
Keywords: Case Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Greenwald, R., McClintock, S. D., & Bailey, T. D. (In press). A controlled comparison of progressive counting and eye movement desensitization & reprocessing. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Ten therapists who were already trained and experienced in eye movement desensitization
& reprocessing (EMDR) received training in progressive counting (PC), a newer trauma
resolution method. Nineteen volunteers with single-incident trauma or loss were assigned to a
therapist and then randomized to treatment condition; 15 completed treatment to termination
criteria or until the fourth session. Participants in both conditions experienced significant
reductions in PTSD symptoms, memory-related distress, and presenting problems at one week
post-treatment, maintained at 12-week follow-up, with no significant differences in outcomes,
treatment efficiency, or dropout rate. The preliminary findings of this pilot study suggest that PC
is an efficient, well-tolerated, and effective trauma treatment that is relatively easy for therapists to
master.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Exposure Loss Progressive Counting Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: No
31. Hyer, L. A., Boudewyns, P. A., Peralme, L., Touze, J., & Kiel, A. (1995, June). Controlled treatment outcome study using EMDR on combat-related post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After the status of PTSD was established, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions; EMDR, exposure control (EC), and group (GT). Subjects in EMDR condition received at least five but no more than eight sessions of EMDR. EC condition subjects therapy procedure as the EMDR subjects but without the eye movements. Subjects in the GT condition received five to eight session of group therapy only.
Outcome measures were at intervals; prior to therapy, immediately following therapy and at two follow-up periods. These include: (1) self report or interview-related psychological measures (Combat Exposure scale, MMPI-2 PTSD, Veterans Adjustment Scale (VETS), Mississippi Scale, Hamilton (Depression and Anxiety); (2) behavioral outcome measures (employment, treatment seeking behavior medication therapy, and re hospitalization rate); and (3) psychophysiological response measures (skin conductance, frontalis EMG, heart rate and blood pressure). The last measures involved a change measure in psychological arousal during exposure to tape recorded scripts depicting the patients' most traumatic combat memory. In addition to these pre-, post-,
follow-up measures, measures (SUD, profile of mood scale (POMS), and impact of events scale (IOE) were taken at each therapy session.
Early results on selected outcomes show differences in positive outcome between conditions POMS EMDR>GT (p<.01); IOE Avoidance, EMDR>GT (p<.04); IOE Intrusion, EMDR>GT(p<.03); Heart Rate, EMDR>GT (p<.04). Presently, there were no other significant differences between EMDR or EC. Trends, however suggest that EMDR may be superior to EC on several of the measures.
These results indicate that EMDR may be producing greater reduction in the conditioned emotional response to traumatic memories in these patients, when compared to group therapy approach commonly used to treat these types of patients in a special VA treatment program.
Keywords: Combat Controlled Treatment Outcome Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Maxfield, L. (2002, June). Current research perspectives: What we know and don’t know about EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Besides providing an overview of current EMDR research, this presentation examine related clinical implications. Although EMDR is efficacious in PSTD treatment, different studies have achieved a range of results. Factors that might account for this disparity are examined, and their therapeutic relevance is emphasized. Possible explanations for poor outcomes in phobia/panc disorder studies are discussed, with treatment recommendations highlighted. Although fingings for the contribution of eye-movements are inconclusive, this research suggests aspects of dual attention stimulation that could be clinically monitored. Finally, suggestions are made to assist clinicians in objectively assessing client progress and evaluating edivence from their own practices.
Keywords: Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Capezzani, L. (2010, Novembre). Dati preliminari del progetto: Valutazione degli esiti medico- clinici e psicologici in seguito all’applicazione dell’EMDR in pazienti oncologici con disturbi dello spettro post traumatico da stress [Preliminary data of the project: Evaluation of medical-clinical and psychological outcomes following the application of EMDR in cancer patients with autism spectrum post-traumatic stress disorder]. Presentazione al "Convegno La psicotraumatologia Oncologica, Roma, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
La ricerca ha lo scopo di indicare se l’intervento con EMDR produce significativi cambiamenti dei parametri medico-clinico, oltre che psicologici, in pazienti oncologici che abbiamo ricevuto una diagnosi di PTSD o di un disturbo dello spettro post-traumatico da stress durante ciascuna delle fasi dell’evoluzione della malattia.
In particolare si vuole verificare se dopo trattamento con EMDR:
- i valori baseline di cortisolo nel sangue cambiano e riproducono anche in pazienti oncologici l’andamento dimostrato in letteratura: in presenza di un PTSD acuto generalmente i livelli sono alti, quando invece il PTSD è cronico i livelli di cortisolo sono bassi ma in ambedue i casi un trattamento con EMDR produce una normalizzazione di suddetti valori.
- si osserva una riduzione della quantità di citochine che rappresentano gli indicatori immunologici correlati a stati di depressione ed ansia sia sottosoglia che non, quasi sempre presenti tra i disturbi dello spettro PTSD e quindi anche nella malattia oncologica (Cantelmi, 2008 in preparazione).
Lo studio consente inoltre di osservare
- per quali delle fasi della malattia il trattamento con EMDR produce la migliore estinzione dei disturbi post-traumatici da stress,
- se le modalità di coping, cioè le strategie di adattamento alla malattia e sua gestione migliorano dopo il trattamento con EMDR
The research is intended to indicate whether the intervention with EMDR produces significant changes in clinical parameters and medical as well as psychological, in cancer patients who have received a diagnosis of PTSD or a spectrum disorder post-traumatic stress disorder during each of the stages of the disease.
In particular, we want to check if after treatment with EMDR:
- The values of baseline cortisol in the blood change and reproduce even in cancer patients the trend shown in the literature: in the presence of an acute PTSD generally the levels are high, when instead the PTSD is chronic cortisol levels are low but in both cases treated with EMDR produces a normalization of these values.
- There is a reduction in the amount of cytokines representing the immunological indicators related to states of depression and subthreshold anxiety is that, almost always present between the spectrum disorders PTSD and therefore also in the oncological disease (Cantelmi, 2008 in preparation).
The study also allows you to observe
- For which of the stages of the disease treatment with EMDR produces the best extinction of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress,
- Whether the method of coping, ie the strategies of adaptation to the disease and its management to improve after treatment with EMDR.
Keywords: Autism Cancer Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Efran, J., Lukens, M., & Greene, M. (2007, March-April). Defining psychotherapy: The last 25 years have taught us that it's neither art nor science. Psychotherapy Networker, 31(2), 40-47, 52-55, 66.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Despite attempts to distinguish between hype and clinical zealotry from reliable science in psychotherapy, there's still no compelling evidence that therapists are achieving better outcomes today than they did 25 years ago. The 25th anniversary of the Psychotherapy Networker offers an opportunity to ponder the cavalcade of developments in this field over the past several decades and examine the efforts to establish the scientific foundations of psychotherapy.
Keywords: Psychotherapy History Psychotherapy Networker History
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Shapiro, F., Lake, K., & Norcross, J. C. (2003, November). Desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares (EMDR): Un tratamiento integrador para el trauma [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an integrative treatment for trauma]. Revista de Psicotrauma para Iberoamérica, 2(3), 4-12.
Language: Spanish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR es un método psicoterapéutico integrador que ha sido designado oficialmente una forma efectiva de tratamiento para el trastorno de estrés postraumático en la comunidad internacional. El EMDR de ocho fases proporciona un método eficiente, estructurado y seguro para hacer frente a los efectos nocivos de los eventos traumáticos. Varios aspectos del método EMDR, incluyendo su capacidad para hacer frente a los componentes múltiples de la experiencia del trauma (creencias, emociones, sensaciones fisiológicas), han hecho un llamamiento a los psicoterapeutas de diversas orientaciones teóricas. Aunque existen muchas similitudes entre el método EMDR y otros sistemas de las psicoterapias, EMDR es un enfoque distinto, debido, en parte, al uso de un modelo de procesamiento de información para explicar la psicopatología. Protocolos EMDR incorporan una combinación única de elementos que se piensa extender los resultados positivos del tratamiento. [Autor Resumen]
EMDR is an integrative psychotherapeutic approach that has been officially designated an effective form of treatment for PTSD within the international community. The eight-phase EMDR provides an efficient, structured, and safe method for addressing the deleterious effects of traumatic events. Various aspects of EMDR, including its ability to address the multiple experiential components of trauma (beliefs, emotions, physiological sensations), have appealed to psychotherapists of diverse theoretical orientations. Though many similarities exist between EMDR and other systems of psychotherapies, EMDR is a distinct approach due, in part, to its use of an information processing model to explain psychopathology. EMDR's protocols incorporate a unique combination of elements that are thought to extend positive treatment outcomes. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressor Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Hopper, J., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., Yehuda, R., van der Kolk, B. A., & Simpson, W. (2003, October-November). Differential biological outcomes of EMDR and fluoxetine for PTSD. In B. A. van der Kolk (Chair), Treatment outcome studies of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment Outcome Studies of PTSD: This symposium presents three large carefully controlled treatment
outcome studies using four different treatment modalities (CBT,
EMDR, psychopharmacology and Cognitive Processing) and presents
data on comparative efficacy, treatment responsiveness and
resistance, effects on comorbidity, quality of life, and biological
changes that accompany symptom improvement.
Differential Biological Outcomes of EMDR and Fluoxetine for PTSD: Two major developments in PTSD research have been the development
of effective treatments and the delineation of pathophysiology.
While major gains have been made in both of these areas, they
have occurred in parallel. There is a need for investigations of possible
differential effects of different treatment modalities on biological
aspects of PTSD. In this randomized controlled trial (N = 105), we
compared the exposure treatment Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing, the serotonergic reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine,
and pill placebo for their effects on both PTSD symptoms and biological
parameters. The outcome measures were severity of reexperiencing,
avoidant/numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms; psychophysiological
reactivity to script-driven imagery; basal salivary
cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test (DST). At pre-treatment,
post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, saliva samples were
acquired at 8 a.m., 11 p.m. (immediately followed by dexamethasone)
and 8 a.m.. Participants also underwent a script-driven
imagery protocol utilizing four 30s scripts, each followed by a 60s
script imaging period and 2 minute recovery periods (fixed order:
neutral, trauma, neutral, trauma). Preliminary analyses partially support
hypothesizes concerning differential efficacies of pharmacological
and psychological treatments on different symptom clusters
and biological markers of the disorder, at post-treatment and 3-
month follow-up. Potential implications for treatment and future
research will be discussed.
Keywords: Fluoxetine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Muret, M. (2010, April). Dissociative vs. associative techniques to treat dissociation. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In the past two decades, various effective techniques have been developed for the treatment of trauma: EMDR, EMI, EFT, OEI, NLP, SE, etc. These different techniques inevitably raise the question: “Which techniques should be used for which patients? “ Because dissociative disordered patients may react to trauma work with dissociative detachment, a "low impact" technique is needed. Thus, therapeutic approaches that employ a certain degree of dissociative distancing seem to be well-suited to dissociative patients. Richard Bandler (NLP) and, more recently, Cary Craig (EFT) have developed calm, nondramatic ways to address trauma and solve problems. EMDR, a more associative method, seems better suited to stable patients who possess good resources. This workshop will present a continuum that locates techniques along a scale of increasing degrees of confrontation. Special attention will be given to EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques), an easy-to-learn method. Techniques for reinforcing the Somatic Self during EMDR sessions will be explained. The second part of this workshop will present a conceptualization for these techniques, based on the works of Stephen Porges, Ellert Nijenhuis and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (Flow Theory).
Learning Outcomes The attendee will learn to consider the danger(retraumatization) of an intervention. According to the kind of patient and situation, he will be better able to choose the best available technique. For newcomers a basic methode of EFT will be taught, that can be later used in simple cases. Through a "participative" teaching the attendee will understand and integrate difficult abstracts concepts like: polyvagal model, structural dissociation, mental tension, ...
Keywords: Associative Techniques Dissociation Dissociative Technqiues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Connell-Jones, G. (2011). Drug modulated EMDR Treatment for borderline personality disorder. Presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
From my clinical work over the past 4 years a case series of 15 women patients, all detained in a secure hospital for
periods of up to 30 years discharged after EMDR therapy. Some cases discussed in depth, others factor analysed as
case series. Drug modulation permitted intensive therapy. The factors of complex stress disorder are beeing
discussed and its simlarity to borderline personality disorder. The effects of long term instititutionalisation after
detention in security. The responsible clinician as ‘‘goaler and therapist’’ as well as therapeutic pitfalls are being
explored. The psychopathology of the flashback is contrasted with the psychpathology of the alter (dissociative
identity). Prognostic factors and outcomes are being presented. The implications for personality disorder as a
diagnosis contrasted with complex PTSD will be evaluated.
Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Drug Modulation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Kruse, M. J. (2011, June). The effect of energy psychology on rates of relapse and recidivism for substance abuse offenders in a community correction setting. The University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs, CO. AAI3460565.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This dissertation was a study of a community corrections program which incorporated adjunct Energy Psychology Therapies for Substance Abuse Offenders (SAOs), who were transitioning back into community. Rates of relapse and recidivism were compared, upon success/failure to complete drug and alcohol treatment. When Energy Psychology therapies were added, assisting offenders in resolving underlying trauma issues, there were significance differences between groups. The Choices Program used brief therapies including: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, Thought Field Therapy, Emotional Freedom Techniques, (EMDR, TFT, EFT) along with group and individual classes/sessions to relieve underlying trauma symptoms. The results indicated that people who chose to resolve underlying trauma achieved more successful treatment outcomes, thereby lowering rates of relapse and recidivism significantly.
Keywords: Community Corrections EFT motional Freedom Techniques Energy Psychology Offenders Eye Movement Social Sciences Substance Abuse Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Becich, H. A. (1995). The effect of varying the rate of the eye movements in eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) with battered women. California School of Professional Psychology, Los Angeles, CA. AAT 9531596.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The rapid saccades used in eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) have been reputed to be critical to its efficacy. To evaluate this hypothesis, the rate of the eye movements was varied in this study. Subjects included 27 battered women who were rated PTSD-positive by a modified version of the Symptom Checklist (MSC). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: EMDR Fast, EMDR Slow or Control.Prior to treatment, subjects completed the Revised Impact of Events Scale (IES). Treatment involved one experimental session lasting up to 90 minutes. Dependent variables included the Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) (derived from the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale), the Validity of Cognition (VOC) and the Vividness of Traumatic Image (VTI) Scales as well as the Intrusion subscales of the MSC and the IES. At post-treatment one week later, subjects again provided responses to the five dependent variables and, for ethical reasons, were provided another session of treatment at the EMDR Fast rate if their SUDs were 2 or greater. Results of the mixed, two factor analyses indicated no differences between the groups. Hence, the outcomes showed that the rapid eye movements did not provide a differential treatment effect as hypothesized. All groups experienced improvement on the SUDs and VTI Scales and the MSC Intrusion subscale, supporting occurrence of an exposure effect. This investigation was the first controlled EMDR study conducted with battered women, as well as the first experiment on this procedure using a clinical population in which the rate of the eye movements was varied. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(5-B), Nov 1995, pp. 2854
Keywords: Adults Americans Battery Empirical Study Follow-up Study Females Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD Spouse Abuse Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Taylor, J. E., & Harvey, S. T. (2009, September-October). Effects of psychotherapy with people who have been sexually assaulted: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(5), 273–285. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.03.006 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of a meta-analysis of the treatment outcome studies of different types of
psychotherapeutic approaches for sexual assault victims experiencing PTSD or rape trauma symptoms. There
were 15 outcome studies identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis dating from 1988–2005, and these
studies comprised 25 treatment conditions. Separate meta-analyses were conducted according to study
design (independent samples and repeated measures), in keeping with meta-analytic conventions. The
overall results for the two meta-analyses were highly consistent, and effect sizes were in the large range for
independent samples (g=.91) and repeated measures treatments (g=.90). Effects were maintained at
follow-up from 6–12 months after treatment. Studies represented diverse treatment approaches, and most
treatments were effective in improving outcome according to symptom reduction. A number of moderating
variables were examined. Better outcomes were achieved with individual therapy compared to group
approaches. The use of semi-structured approaches and homework techniques were positively related to the
magnitude of effect size. [Science Direct]
Keywords: Meta-analysis Outcome Rape Sexual assault Therapy Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. Lytle, R. A., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Borkovec, T. D. (2002). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of cognitive intrusions related to a past stressful event. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16(3), 273-288. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00099-3.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Much of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) efficacy research has been widely criticized, limiting scientific understanding of its therapeutic components. The present investigation of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) effectiveness included undergraduate students reporting current intrusive cognitions concerning a traumatic event. Forty-five participants received a single treatment session of either: (a) EMD, as described by Shapiro [J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 20 (1989b) 211], (b) an identical procedure which employed eye fixation on a stationary target, or (c) non-directive counseling. Standardized self-report, subjective rating, Daily Diary, and intrusive thought sampling measures were collected before and after treatment. Results indicated that participants in the eye fixation group reported marginally (p<.052) fewer cognitive intrusions than the non-directive group 1 week following treatment. No significant differences between the EMD and non-directive conditions or between the EMD and eye fixation conditions on this measure were found. During the treatment session, both desensitization groups were superior to the non-directive group in reducing reported vividness of the mental image of the original event. However, the non-directive group improved to the level of the two other groups by the following week. Rapid saccadic eye movements were therefore unrelated to immediate treatment effects for this sub-clinical sample, and non-directive treatment largely yielded eventual outcomes equivalent to the two desensitization conditions (Pilots).
Keywords: Biologic Markers College Students Intrusive Thoughts Negative Therapeutic Reaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Witnesses
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Greenwald, R. (2002, December). An efficiency statistic for treatment studies. EMDRIA Newsletter, 7(4), 3.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
I recently developed a simple new statistic that can increase the
power to detect the actual effects of EMDR (or any treatment) in a
treatment study. Most treatment studies now report effect sizes,
which, on the specific outcome measure being evaluated, provide a
standardized way of conveying the impact of the treatment, the amount
of the change in the outcome measure. In treatment comparison studies
in which the design specifies that the treatment ends when symptom
reduction criteria are met, the number of sessions to termination is
normally reported. Although these are appropriate outcomes to examine,
when treatment efficiency is divided into two separate findings, the
effect is watered down and may be insufficient for statistical significance.
Thus, mere trends favoring EMDR (or any treatment) cannot be
interpreted with confidence.
Keywords: Treatment Studies
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Tibaldi, M. (2004, June). EMDR and analytical psychology: Imaginal use of eye movements in Jungian analysis. In psychodynamics and EMDR (B. Lilieblad, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Among Jungian typical methodologies, one of the most interested is active imagination indeed. Carl Gustav Jung's active imagination method is a process of "lucid dream," that takes shape from observing an internal emotionally meaningful aspect - mood, image, event. When the client focuses his/her attention on these charged elements, a chain of autonomous images will be activated. The arising of such unconscious images lead consciousness to a new situation: emotional content comes into contact with the rational, can be confronted and integrated, transforming the whole personality.
Epistemologically speaking, it is interesting to point out the affinity between Jungian conscious-unconscious integration process, pursued by active imagination, and the right and left brain connecting process, gained by EMDR.
My Jungian analytical practice, on the one hand, and my EMDR therapeutic experience, on the other, gave me the opportunity to confront both Garl Gustav Jung's and Francine Shapiro's methods and paradigms, giving birth to an EMDR imaginal use, a synergic therapeutic process with interesting outcomes.
The aim of my paper is to present this form of EMDR, stressing the advantages of such integration. The paper will be accompanied by a sequence of psychic images from a client's EMDR treatment; thanks to the imaginal use of eye movements, the client got in touch with some of the unknown emotional horizons, recognized the dissociative defences that prevented him from connections his emotional and rational brain and improved his psychic well being.
Keywords: Analyitical Psychology Case Study Imagery Imaginal Jungian Analysis Mind-Body Observation Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Whalen, J. E. (1999, September). EMDR and hypnosis: A theoretical and clinical investigation. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. AAT 9923344.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a controversial new treatment for anxiety disorders that is proported to evince rapid and lasting treatment gains. EMDR theorists argue that humans have an innate biological drive to process events and their memories into adaptive and useful forms. Traumatic memories become "stuck" and unprocessed, resulting in a host of psychopathological symptoms. EMDR's curative power rests primarily in the eye movements. Shapiro argues that the eye movements directly access and alter traumatic memories at a neurophysiological level. Memories are then processed down into adaptive forms, with a concomitant abatement of symptoms. Research supports the clinical efficacy of EMDR. However, there is much debate as to the actual mutative element in the EMDR protocol. Support for eye movements playing a curative role is meager and equivocal. This study examines the proposition that the primary mutative component of EMDR is response to suggestion. Specifically, this study proposes that the EMDR treatment protocol is laced with suggestion for improvement. Highly hypnotizable individuals will respond to these suggestions even though EMDR is an explicitly nonhypnotic treatment. That is, subjects will improve to the extent they respond to suggestion. Further, this study tests the viability of Shapiro's eye movement theory. An eye movement condition is compared to an eye fixation condition in terms of treatment outcome. Results indicate a positive correlation between subjects' hypnotizability and treatment outcome. In addition, eye movement conditions were as efficacious as eye fixation conditions where treatment outcome is concerned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(3-B), Sep 1999, pp. 1319.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorder Anxiety Disorders Effectiveness Empirical Study Hypnotic Susceptibility Hypnotizability Treatment Outcomes Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Standart, S., & Wood, C. (2011, October). EMDR and mindfullness. Presentation at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A presentation of on a case series of complex Type II PTSD for early childhood and adult trauma with scores of 50+ on the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and using a phased approach to EMDR with mindfulness practice prior to EMDR. Descriptions of mindfulness practice and EMDR protocol use with outcome measure on the DES, Impact of Events Scale score (IES-R) and a depression Inventory will be presented Global outcomes such as occupational and social functioning will also be described for these clients.
Working with clients with complex trauma and marked dissociation and how to develop a timely phased protocol for these difficult to engage clients. (Author abstract)
Keywords: Mindfulness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Blore, D. C. (1998, September). EMDR and PTSD: Two year case series of traumatised coalminers, outcomes and follow ups. Presentation at the 28th Congress of The European Association For Behavioural & Cognitive Therapies, Cork, Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Mining Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. Rose-Langston, J. (2013, May). EMDR and the treatment of adolescents: A study in 3 acts. Presentation at the Western Massachusetts EMDRIA Regional Network 9th Annual Spring Conference, Amherst MA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will present the use
of EMDR with adolescents through case presentations
with 3 different outcomes: one a success, one a failure,
and one undetermined. History taking methods,
preparation tools, assessment for readiness, and cognitive
interweaves during memory processing will be
discussed.
Keywords: Adolescents Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Adler-Tapia, R. (2009, January). EMDR and the treatment of childhood depression: Findings from a pilot study. Presentation at the 23rd Annual San Diego International Conference on Child & Family Maltreatment.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This article describes a study initially designed to assess the ability of therapists to adhere to the Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) protocol with children two to ten years of age. Child subjects in the study were administered pre and post test measures to assess for trauma, as well as, emotional and behavioral symptoms. Initial results indicate a reduction in depressive symptoms following the child subject’s participation in the EMDR research protocol.
Even though the children in this study were identified victims of crime, the children did not demonstrate symptoms of post-traumatic stress based on standardized measures; however, the children did demonstrate symptoms consistent with depression. After participating in the research protocol, the children’s depressive symptoms were no longer exhibited at post-treatment assessment.
This study is limited by the small number of children included in the study; however, the unanticipated treatment outcomes identified in this study suggest that future research needs to assess the efficacy of EMDR treatment for children displaying symptoms of childhood depression.
Keywords: Children Depression
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. DiGiorgio, K. E., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C. R., Lyhus, K. E., & Walter, R. C. (2004, September). EMDR and theoretical orientation: A qualitative study of how therapists integrate eye movement desensitization and reprocessing into their approach to psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 14(3), 227-252. doi:10.1037/1053-0479.14.3.227.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study examined how 3 therapists from differing theoretical orientations (psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive–behavioral) integrate eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) into their work with clients. The consensual qualitative research method was used to analyze interview responses from each of the therapists. All of the therapists deviated from the standard EMDR protocol to some degree, and their decisions to either add to or leave out various aspects of the protocol were greatly influenced by their theoretical orientation. They reported that the integration of EMDR into their usual therapy styles varied depending on their clients. The present study expands on previous psychotherapy integration research because it provides detailed descriptions as to how therapists actually use a specific method with clients. Findings may be particularly useful for researchers and therapists interested in the practice of EMDR, as well as the process of assimilative integration.
Keywords: Assimilative Integration Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Empirical Study Humanistic Psychotherapy Integrative Psychotherapy Humanistic Therapy Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Therapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Psychotherapy Integration Qualitative Study Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Aneiros, I., González, A., Laredo, M., Mosquera, D., Taboada, M. J., & Sánchez-Caballero, I. V. (2012, Setembro ). EMDR en el tratamiento de la depresión [EMDR in the treatment of depression]. Psicologia, 16, 22-36. Retrieved from http://www.psiquiatria.com/bibliopsiquis/handle/10401/5515 on 12/5/2012.
Language: Spanish
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
La depresión constituye actualmente uno de los problemas más acuciantes en el ámbito de la salud mental. Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica en la que se refleja la eficacia de la terapia de Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR por sus siglas en inglés, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) en el tratamiento de los trastornos depresivos. Aunque este enfoque psicoterapéutico surge inicialmente como una herramienta eficaz en el tratamiento de los trastornos de base traumática, existe cada vez mayor evidencia acerca de su efectividad en el tratamiento de la depresión, dada la relación existente entre la aparición de este trastorno y los acontecimientos vitales estresantes. Presentamos además una visión general de la terapia EMDR y sus ocho fases, y el modelo sobre el que se sustenta, el Modelo PAI (Procesamiento Adaptativo de la Información). El Modelo PAI explica las bases de la patología, predice éxitos en los resultados clínicos, y guía en la conceptualización de casos y los planes de tratamiento. En consonancia con otras teorías del aprendizaje, el modelo PAI propone la existencia de un sistema de procesamiento de la información capaz de integrar nuevas experiencias en las redes de memoria ya existentes. Esas redes de memoria constituyen las bases de la percepción, de las actitudes y del comportamiento. Las percepciones acerca de las situaciones actuales se conectan automáticamente con las redes de memoria asociadas.
At present, the Depression is one of the most pressing problems in the field of the mental health. This article presents a bibliography review where the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) approach shows efficacy in the Depressive Disorders. Although, this psychotherapy approach emerges, in the beginning as a efficiency tool in the treatment of the disorders with traumatic basis, its increasingly clear the evidence about of EMDR effectiveness in the Depression treatment, under the relationship between the inception of the disorder and vital stress events. We present an overview of the EMDR therapy, his eight phases and the AIP (Adaptative Information Processing) model is supported on. The AIP model explains the basis of pathology, predicts successful clinical outcomes, and guides case conceptualization and treatment procedures. Consistent with other learning theories, the AIP model posits the existence of an information processing system that assimilates new experiences into already existing memory networks. These memory networks are the basis of perception, attitudes, and behavior. Perceptions of current situations are automatically linked with associated memory networks.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Model AIP Model Depression PAI Model Stressful Events
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Kaslow, F. W., Nurse, A. R., & Thompson, P. (2002). EMDR in conjunction with family systems therapy. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 289-318). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The field of family therapy seemed to coalesce around 1960, although some of the early pioneers were already conducting and writing about family systems and treating multipatient units before then. This chapter offers a brief overview of the field and then provides case studies in which EMDR is the primary treatment methodology, used within a family systems perspective, or both. [Text, p. 289]TOPICS TREATED: Evolution of the field (key concepts; various conceptual models); EMDR and family systems therapy (Case studies: EMDR used to break an impasse, EMDR used to facilitate effective coparenting during a divorce, EMDR used in a transgenerational transmission process; additional uses of EMDR with family systems therapy); EMDR and traditional thought in family systems therapy; Description of positive treatment effects of EMDR; How EMDR lets family therapists use what they know; How EMDR extends the outcomes of family therapy; Suggestions for strengthening EMDR; Using EMDR to investigate interesting areas in family therapy.
Keywords: Adults Family Therapy Life Experiences Marital Problems Psychotherapeutic Processes Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. van Rood, Y. R., & de Roos, C. (2009). EMDR in the treatment of medically unexplained symptoms: A systematic review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 248-263. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.248.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This systematic review presents evidence for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and
reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of a diverse range of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS).
Theoretical underpinning, variations in interventions, methodological issues, and outcomes are
discussed, and implications for future research and clinical practice are presented. Considering the
limited number of reported case series and the lack of controlled studies, it might be concluded that
EMDR for MUS is only in its infancy. The preliminary results suggest that EMDR might be an effective
treatment for MUS and somatoform disorders, particularly when they are related to trauma. To date, the
results for phantom limb pain are the most promising.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Medically Unexplained Symptoms MUS Somatoform Disorders Systematic Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Groenendijk, M. (2010, April). EMDR in trauma-work with a patient with DID. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR is a powerfull technique for helping people overcoming their trauma’s. However, most of the clinical practice as well as the research has been focussed on type 1 trauma and simple PTSD. Gradually the field is expanding to complex early and chronic traumatization and dissociative problems. In this workshop I will share our experiences in this challenging field. I will start with a short introduction to EMDR, to structural dissociation and to the treatment of DID. Then I will present the case of an older woman with DID, who was treated in our residential psychotherapeutic setting. Central in this workshop is the very interesting (and moving) video-demonstration of EMDR with this DID-patient during a period of trauma-work. After reporting on the process and outcome of this therapy, the conclusion will be that EMDR can be effective for dissociative patients suffering from early and severe traumatization if several specific criteria are met. These criteria are about conceptualization according to the model of structural dissociation, about indication, timing, and preparation of the EMDR-sessions, about adaptation of the EMDR-protocol and about integration of EMDR in the broader phase-oriented state-of-the-art treatment of DID. At the end there will be time for questions and discussion.
Learning Outcomes 1. How to integrate EMDR in the phase-oriented treatment of DID 2. Inspiration for finding creative solutions for the problems that can occur during the session (e.g. dissociation, reliving traumatic experiences, acting-out) 3. Witnessing the effect of EMDR 4. Encouraging collegue’s to indicate EMDR for complex trauma (under specific conditions).
Keywords: DID Dissociative Identity Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Rubin, A., & Bischofshausen, S. (1997, July). EMDR outcomes in a child guidance center: Preliminary findings. In EMDR research with children and adolescents. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. Lanius, U. F. (2005). EMDR processing with dissociative clients: Adjunctive use of opioid antagonists. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 121-146). New York: W W Norton & Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Dissociative symptoms are common in traumatic stress syndromes (e.g., complex PTSD, disorder of extreme stress not otherwise specified [DESNOS], borderline personality disorder, and dissociative disorders). They commonly interfere with psychotherapy including EMDR treatment. It appears that the adaptive information processing system gets overwhelmed and shuts down, thereby barring the integration and resolution of traumatic experience and thus precluding positive treatment outcomes. A series of case studies by Ferrie and Lanius found that the administration of an opioid antagonist prior to EMDR treatment significantly reduced dissociative symptoms, somatization, and numbing, as well as aiding trauma processing. The present chapter describes the relevant scientific research, as well as a theoretical rationale and a protocol, for the use of opioid antagonists in trauma processing with EMDR. [Text, p. 121]
Keywords: Analgesic Drugs Dissociative Symptoms Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. Cavaliere, F. (1995). EMDR remains controversial. Monitor on Psychology, 26(8), 8.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Discusses the controversy surrounding the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. The arguments supporting and opposing the efficacy of this treatment are briefly described.
Keywords: Evaluation Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. Shapiro, F., Beutler, L., Norcross, J., Maxfield, L., & Rogers, S. (2002). EMDR research and its future: Ecological validity, process research, component analysis, outcome findings, and sociopolitical context. Panel discussion at the Society for Psychotherapy Research International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This panel presentation addresses ecological validity, process factors, methodological variables, and sociopolitical context in the interpretation and dissemination of outcome research. Since its introduction, EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) has been the focus of controversy because of its departure from existing paradigms, its non-traditional dissemination, and immoderate claims for rapid effectiveness. This panel reviews the socio-political context in which EMDR developed and its relevance for other emerging psychotherapeutic approaches. Findings from a recent methodological meta-analysis are reviewed to provide an empirical context for assessing the range of results in different outcome studies. Specific client, therapist, and methodological variables that could account for disparities in outcome are examined and implications for interpreting research outcomes are discussed. The panel also summarizes the findings of various recent studies that identified the effects of eye movements as decreasing vividness and emotionality of memory, physiological arousal, and in-session subjective distress. Findings from two recently completed studies are reported in which both process variables and active ingredients were examined. Limitations of the group design approach to the dismantling of psychotherapies are also discussed.
Keywords: Panel Discussion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Shapiro, F. (2011, August). EMDR therapy update: Theory, research and practice. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR therapy directly addresses the physiologically stored memory networks that underlie both psychological problems and mental health. This adaptive information processing orientation to both case conceptualization and clinical application will be explored in relation to diverse populations. The latest research evaluating both treatment outcomes and underlying mechanisms will be addressed. In addition, clinical cases and questions collected from participants will be used to illustrate the ways in which EMDR can be applied.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Practice Research Theory Update
Accuracy Verified: Yes
60. Shapiro, F. (2012, October). EMDR therapy update: Theory, research and practice. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR therapy directly addresses the physiologically stored memory networks that underlie both psychological problems and mental health. This adaptive information processing orientation to both case conceptualization and clinical application will be explored in relation to diverse populations. The latest research evaluating both treatment outcomes and underlying mechanisms will be addressed. In addition, clinical cases and questions collected from participants will be used to illustrate the ways in which EMDR can be applied.
Keywords: Plenary Practice Research Theory Update
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. de Roos, C., & de Jongh, A. (2008). EMDR treatment of children and adolescents with a choking phobia. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 201-211. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.201.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Given the limited number of reported cases in literature, it might be concluded that it is rare to develop a choking phobia in childhood. However, it appears as though confusion in terminology and the time lapse between the onset of the disorder and treatment often results in the diagnosis being missed. In this article, we discuss a review of the clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, etiology, and treatment options for choking phobia. We present a case series, describing the successful EMDR treatment of choking phobia for 4 children and adolescents, with positive outcomes achieved in 1 or 2 sessions. In addition, a detailed transcript is presented of a 15-year-old girl with a choking phobia related to an incident that occurred 5 years previously. The rapid elimination of symptoms in all 4 cases indicates that EMDR can be an effective treatment for choking phobias resulting from previous disturbing events. Randomized research on this promising intervention is strongly suggested.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Choking Phobia Specific Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. Mosquera, D. (2012, March). EMDR with trauma and narcissism [EMDR met trauma en narcisme]. Keynote resentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnghem, The Nederlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The devaluation of self and others is a relevant issue in the field of trauma and dissociation but therapy usually focuses on a victim-abuser perspective where we tend to pay attention to victims and their symptoms, and when narcissistic features are described, they tend to be considered as characteristics of the abusive figure. From this perspective, victims are described as depressed, submissive, vulnerable and usually trapped in learned helplessness. Although this picture describes some situations related to maltreatment and abuse, it can be simplistic and minimize or overlook internalization of some abuser features by victims (e.g., the presence of perpetrator-imitator parts in DID). Narcissistic features can be a cause and consequence of traumatization and can be treated effectively with EMDR. Targeting the roots of the symptoms is crucial for an adequate case conceptualization.
A core characteristic of narcissism is lack of empathy. While empathy issues can be present in many people with personality disorders, there are two personality disorders that are more related with lack of empathy, and a (sometimes only apparent) lack of concern about the suffering that they can cause in other people: narcissist and antisocial personality disorder. Both types of personalities share this self-centered profile.
A description of different profiles characterized by self-centerness, selfish attitude and lack of empathy will be described in this presentation. These aspects may be present in abusers and victims, in overt or subtle presentations.
To conceptualize EMDR therapy in these cases it is important to understand the pathway from early experiences to present problems. Narcissism and antisocial features can be final outcomes of a neglecting environment, chronic abuse or excessive appraisal. Different attachment disturbances with primary caregivers can lead to lack of empathy and self-centerness. In some cases, structural dissociation is underlying narcissistic or antisocial features that can characterize some dissociative parts of the personality. All these aspects and the complexity of therapeutic relationship in narcissistic and antisocial personalities will be reviewed in this presentation.
Keywords: Narcissim
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. 陈庆玲 [Chen Qingling] (2012). EMDR用于艾滋病患者心理康复研究——以某一艾滋病患者创伤心理治疗的成功个案为例 [The EMDR for AIDS patients psychological Rehabilitation Research - successful cases of an AIDS patient trauma psychotherapy]. 西华大学学报：哲学社会科学版,6.
Language: Chinese
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
感染艾滋病病毒对于生命和躯体安全都是一个严重的创伤性事件,患者往往会承受巨大的精神压力,并有不同程度的情感障碍问题。本文采用EMDR方法对一例具有抑郁情绪和人际交往障碍的艾滋病患者进行治疗,治疗结果显示对HIV/AIDS患者采用EMDR方法能获得良好的效果,因此有必要进行更深入的研究和应用。
HIV infection for the safety of life and body are a serious traumatic event, patients tend to be under tremendous mental stress, and have varying degrees of affective disorder. In this paper, the EMDR method for treatment of one case of AIDS patients with depression and interpersonal barriers, treatment outcomes of HIV / AIDS patients can get good results with EMDR method, it is necessary to carry out more in-depth research and application.
Keywords: AIDS Depression HIV Trauma
Accuracy Verified: No
64. Lazarus, C. N., & Lazarus, A. A. (2002). EMDR: An elegantly concentrated multimodal procedure?. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 209-224). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The active ingredients of many therapeutic processes remain open to conjecture. Regardless of what actually underlies the putative benefits of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), its degree of overlap with many of the multimodal therapy (MMT) features and components is noteworthy. In essence, EMDR is a highly systematized, elegant therapeutic package using many of the same modalities that comprise MMT. Be that as it may, MMT methods are broader and more comprehensive than the EMDR methodology. EMDR is thought of as an accelerated and facilitated information-processing therapy, whereas MMT is considered a theory of personality as well as a system for implementing comprehensive biopsychosocial therapy. MMT therapists can probably enhance their treatment outcomes by knowing when and how to apply EMDR, and EMDR therapists would be well advised to become proficient with the MMT framework and its many applications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adults Multimodal Therapy Multimodal Treatment Approach Psychotherapeutic Techniques Psychotherapeutic Processes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Davis, D. (2006, April). EMDR: Promising, but flawed. Psychotherapy: Theory and Research, 1-6.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a promising choice for
many, but its drawbacks require careful consideration. These drawbacks include its doubtful
beginnings, its reliance on a theoretical construct of the mechanism by which it works, its
customization and lack of standardization, the lack of long-term studies, and the small possibility
of extremely negative outcomes. However, the therapy holds significant promise, since it often
leads to a full “cure” in just a few sessions. Thus, while we need to carefully consider the
drawbacks, this therapy offers hope for many people who suffer from post-traumatic stress
disorder (PSTD) and from other traumatic life experiences in general.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. Kellogg-Spadt, S, (2007, August). EMDR: A useful adjuvant for sexual healing. Women's Health Care, 6(8), 24-25.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The text consist of two pages of questions and answers about the utilization of EMDR as a treatment with successful outcomes.
Keywords: Psychotherapy Psychological Theory Sexual Abuse Sexual Abuse Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Martinez, R. (1991, August). EMDR: Innovative uses. EMDR Network Newsletter, 1(1), 5-6.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
This section will appear in each newsletter
and will present innovative uses/
variations of the EMDR technique that
has been discovered by clinicians
trained in the method I would very
much appreciate it if those of you who
have found new variations on how to use EMDR would write these up and
send them to me at the address below,
so they can be included in future newsletters.
Although your write-ups can
be informal, I would appreciate your
including the specific steps of the technique,
the number of people on which
it has been used, the number of people
on which it has been successful, specific
outcomes you have consistently
noticed, and any further comments.
Please include your name, address
andphone number, so that I can reach
you with any questions. Thank you.
Keywords: Innovative Uses
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Shapiro, E. (1993, Fall/Winter). EMDR: Warts and all. EMDR Network Newsletter, 3(2), 4-5.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
After my first training with Francine
in 1989, in Israel, I was excited by
this promising method and infected
with her enthusiasm. I went on to
use EMDR whenever I could in my
work at the Nazareth Ilite Educational
Psychological Service and in
my private practice, as well as during
my present sabbatical leave in London.
I often incorporated EMDR into
my work and felt comfortable and
confident with a wide range of clients,
ages, and difficulties and was
ready to explore further with the
method. Since my Level II training
in November of 1992, I have learned
to be more discerning, perhaps even
overcautious for the time being, in
applying EMDR. Reflecting over my
earlier years of bolder and freer uses
of EMDR, I did not encounter any
negative effects. The worst that happened
was that nothing much happened,
and this occurred in a minority
of cases (perhaps in less than
20%). Even with those cases, I had
noticed that there may have been a
tendency to underestimate positive
effects. One of the subtle difficulties
I observed assessing outcomes was
that the cognitive changes that occurred
were sometimes so spontaneous
and "naturally" that the client took
them for granted. I first notice this
phenomenon clearly in two cases.
Keywords: Outcome Positive Effects
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. R., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006, January). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This review summarizes the current meta-analysis literature on treatment outcomes of CBT for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. A search of the literature resulted in a total of 16 methodologically rigorous meta-analyses. Our review focuses on effect sizes that contrast outcomes for CBT with outcomes for various control groups for each disorder, which provides an overview of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy as quantified by meta-analysis. Large effect sizes were found for CBT for unipolar depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, social phobia, PTSD, and childhood depressive and anxiety disorders. Effect sizes for CBT of marital distress, anger, childhood somatic disorders, and chronic pain were in the moderate range. CBT was somewhat superior to antidepressants in the treatment of adult depression. CBT was equally effective as behavior therapy in the treatment of adult depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Large uncontrolled effect sizes were found for bulimia nervosa and schizophrenia. The 16 meta-analyses we reviewed support the efficacy of CBT for many disorders. While limitations of the meta-analytic approach need to be considered in interpreting the results of this review, our findings are consistent with other review methodologies that also provide support for the efficacy CBT. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Literature Review Meta Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. Feinstein, D. (2008). Energy psychology: A review of the preliminary evidence. Psychotherapy, 45(2), 199-213. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.45.2.199.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Energy psychology utilizes imaginal and narrative-generated exposure, paired with interventions
that reduce hyperarousal through acupressure and related techniques. According to practitioners,
this leads to treatment outcomes that are more rapid, powerful, and precise than the strategies
used in other exposure-based treatments such as relaxation or diaphragmatic breathing. The
method has been exceedingly controversial. It relies on unfamiliar procedures adapted from non-
Western cultures, posits unverified mechanisms of action, and early claims of unusual speed and
therapeutic power ran far ahead of initial empirical support. This paper reviews a hierarchy of
evidence regarding the efficacy of energy psychology, from anecdotal reports to randomized
clinical trials. Although the evidence is still preliminary, energy psychology has reached the
minimum threshold for being designated as an evidence-based treatment, with one form having
met the APA Division 12 criteria as a “probably efficacious treatment” for specific phobias;
another for maintaining weight loss. The limited scientific evidence, combined with extensive
clinical reports, suggests that energy psychology holds promise as a rapid and potent treatment
for a range of psychological conditions.
Keywords: Energy psychology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Gracheck, K. A. (2010). Evaluating the efficacy of EMDR as an athletic performance enhancement intervention. The University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs, CO. 3433356.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is traditionally regarded as a treatment for trauma; however, recent literature suggested that EMDR is also a promising athletic performance enhancement intervention. Sport psychology literature cited the need for scientifically sound research investigating new performance enhancement interventions. This study answered that call and sought to determine the validity of theories speculating about the efficacy of EMDR in sport. An internationally competitive cyclist participated in a case study investigating the efficacy of a unique EMDR protocol designed specifically for sport. The protocol integrated Resource Development and Installation, typically conducted during Phase 8, into Phase 2. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrated that EMDR had a positive impact on measurable performance outcomes, performance anxiety, self-esteem, and motivation.
Keywords: Athletes Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Oswalt, R., Anderson, M., Hagstrom, K., & Berkowitz, B. (1993, August). Evaluation of the one-session eye-movement desensitization reprocessing procedure for eliminating traumatic memories. Psychological Reports, 73(1), 99-104. doi:10.2466/pr0.1993.73.1.99 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye-movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new therapy technique originally reported to eliminate traumatic memories (rape, catastrophes) in one session. Early published research has tended to support the technique. However, there is controversy and at least one unpublished recent study by Rothbaum who reported only about one-half of her cases had successful outcomes. The present study was conducted as a preliminary evaluation in 1990. Our results were judged to be unsuccessful in five of eight cases and successful in three cases. Further, the cases with the most pathology improved the least. The techniques, cases, and outcomes are presented to provide additional data on this new and controversial therapeutic technique. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Americans College Students Empirical Study Intrusive Thoughts Psychiatric Inpatients Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Tripp, T. (2010, April). Every picture tells a story: Art therapy and trauma processing. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In the aftermath of trauma, it is widely accepted that memories are stored predominately in the right hemisphere of the brain, where they lack narrative organization and cognitive perspective. Preverbal, implicit memories of trauma appear to be held in fragments best expressed visually in images and somatically through body sensation. For this reason, art therapy, a non verbal expressive and body based approach, may be ideally suited for facilitating the healing of complex psychological trauma. This paper will illustrate the use of art therapy in resolving traumatic memories in the case of a woman with complex trauma. The author, an art therapist and social worker, utilized a modified EMDR protocol with bilateral stimulation: tapping the body while the patient created consecutive images on paper. It is hypothesized that the tapping facilitated a relaxation response and aided the processing of negative emotion while the creation of imagery produced a tangible graphic narrative tracking shifts in emotional states and making the process visible. Once the trauma processing was complete, the art productions were reviewed with increased insight and reflective distance. Ultimately, the patient was able to make a dramatic shift in both cognition and perception, and a desired, positive outcome was achieved.
Learning Outcomes Gain an awareness of the power of the image to express and contain trauma Describe a modification of the EMDR protocol that introduces art making and tactile bilateral stimulation Understand the significance of using non verbal approaches in healing of complex psychological trauma
Keywords: Art Therapy Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. Soberman, G. B. (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of conduct disorder with preadolescents and adolescents. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 9910218.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was determine the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized adolescents primarily diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD). The effect of exposure to domestic violence and other forms of human initiated violence puts children at risk of developing significant mental health problems including CD and other childhood disorders that can have a profound effect on the community. In order to test the null hypotheses that the EMDR treatment protocol would not lead to any significant reduction in posttraumatic or behavioral symptoms with this population, a repeated measures MANOVA was utilized for four of the five dependent variables. These variables were the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the Child Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the Parent Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms (PROPS), and the Problem Rating Scale (PRS). A simple two-group independent t-test analysis was used to analyze the fifth independent variable (reward points) and the 2-month follow-up data. All of the 5 null hypotheses were supported by an inferential analysis (MANOVA; t-test) of the dependent variables of this study. EMDR treatment was not found to be statistically significant on any of the dependent variables. Despite these findings, future research should continue to focus on the efficacy of EMDR with childhood trauma. Future research should also continue to focus on the emotional needs of children in residential treatment, the benefits of therapeutic as opposed to punitive intervention with delinquent youths, and the role that EMDR can play in breaking the cycle of violence in our society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(10-B), April 1999, pp. 5587.
Keywords: Adolescents Conduct Disorder Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Preadolescents Symptoms Trauma Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Lindsay, J. K. (1994). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of rape survivors. University of Oregon. AAT 9519676.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
In the context of managed care, effective short-term treatment has become a priority for psychologists. This is particularly true for the recalcitrant symptoms of PTSD which are often associated with protracted treatment and disappointing outcome.This study investigated the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a short-term treatment for PTSD. The independent variable, EMDR, was introduced sequentially in a multiple baseline design across subjects. 5 survivors of rape who met DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD received 4 to 6 weekly sessions of EMDR provided by five licensed psychotherapists with Level 2 EMDR training. Treatment outcomes included (a) large reductions in symptomatology evident in self-monitored data and objective measures, (b) replication of treatment effect in 5 out of 5 subjects, (c) qualitative and behavior change data which corroborate treatment effect, and (d) analyses which demonstrate the clinical significance of the changes, as well as the statistical significance of the differences between pretreatment and follow-up scores (with a confidence level of .05 or beyond). The study suggests that EMDR is very effective for treating long-term, recalcitrant symptoms of PTSD which have not resolved with time or previous therapy. The study provides a methodological model for calibrating treatment and developing accountability for treatment efficacy which can be applied across treatments and settings. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Empirical Study Females Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Barker, S. (2010, November). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of trauma-based disorders. Presentation at the 23rd Annual U.S. Psychiatric and Mental Health Congress Conference and Exhibition, Orlando, Florida.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is a recommended treatment for PTSD by the APA, DOD, and other professional bodies, yet many clinicians are unaware of this approach or question its efficacy. With accumulating research documenting the efficiency of EMDR, clinicians may be overlooking an effective treatment option for their patients. This session explains the 8-stage EMDR process summarizing efficacy research and demonstrating through case examples.
Learning Objectives:
After completing this activity, participants should be able to:
1.Assess and identify appropriate patients for EMDR when determining treatment of trauma-based disorders.
2.Describe the EMDR process and when to appropriately incorporate the therapy into practice.
3.Monitor therapy progress and patient improvement with evidence-based patient outcomes of EMDR.
Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders & Diagnosis Psychopharmacology Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Tye, J. A. (2001, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological traumas: A decade of research in review. United States International University, San Diego, CA. AAT 3006172.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new complex treatment method that incorporates salient aspects of many of the major therapeutic modalities as a treatment for PTSD and other psychological trauma in a civilian population. One of the basic underlying principles is elucidated in the Accelerated Processing Model which posits the ability to access and process dysfunctional perceptions that were stored at the time of the traumatic event. These state-dependent perceptions are considered the primary cause of posttraumatic stress symptomatology.The purpose of this review was to investigate whether the EMDR method is an efficacious treatment for individuals diagnosed with PTSD, as reflected in a critical review of the literature from the initial study conducted in 1989 through 2000. The review included the history and background, development, and research to date of EMDR as a method of treatment for PTSD. A description was provided of the psychometric instruments utilized in the assessment; diagnosis; and measurement of the presence, absence, and level of severity of PTSD symptomatology, as described in the research literature of EMDR. Of special concern was the discrepancy between the diagnostic criteria and the presence, absence, and level of severity of PTSD symptomology as described in the treatment outcomes presented in the literature. Included were criteria for assessment instrument comparison, as well as the current limitations in assessment conformity and methodology which restrict the generalizability and assumptions about the way in which traumatic experiences manifest and influence treatment outcomes. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Empirical Study Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA..
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed
by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and
related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam
veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks,
ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional
outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them.
Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety of disorders-
phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder
(Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first
EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work,
beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly
sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several
different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and
accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR
speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds
in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition,
and improves overall athletic performance.
Keywords: Athletes Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1996, Summer). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Four case studies of a new tool for executive coaching and restoring employee performance after setbacks. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research, 48(3), 155-161.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) integrated into executive coaching are reported in 4 case studies illustrating varied job titles and industries. Participants received 1–10 hr of coaching in which EMDR was used to desensitize an upsetting event that had impaired their performance at work. Outcomes indicated that EMDR desensitized the disturbing incident and that participants shifted their negative view to a more positive one. Work performance was restored or enhanced. In the 4th case EMDR appeared to decrease anxiety about job interviewing and the participant reported a satisfactory result. Findings suggest that EMDR is a promising adjunct to coaching for workplace performance enhancement.
Keywords: Coaches Empirical Study Executive Coaching Job Performance Professional Consultation Professional Personnel Work Place Performance
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Foster, S. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. In (Doug Asher, Presider) Non-traditional Interventions for Performance Enhancement. Colloquium presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and
related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam
veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks,
ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional
outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them.
Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety ofdisorders-
phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder
(Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first
EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work,
beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly
sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several
different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and
accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR
speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds
in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition,
and improves overall athletic performance.
Keywords: Athletes Colloquium Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Taylor, R. J. (2003, September). Family unifications with reactive attachment disorder: Children – A brief treatment approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation will discuss the symptomology of reactive attachment disorder in children and the effects on the family. In addition, the presentation will focus on the treatment mileau of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and how it may be used in the treatment of reactive attachment disorder in children. The discussion also will include a case study of a family with a child age 8 with reactive attachment disorder and the subsequent individual and family therapy. Treatment of choice was EMDR for the child and supportive therapy for the parents. Qualitative evaluation of the process demonstrated that the parents observed an instant changing in the child's attitude. The child reported that she felt better about herself, family, school, and truthfulness. Her statement about the therapy: "It opened a windown for me." In relation to outcomes, a 12 and 24-month evaulation demonstrated continued positive effects. The importance of working with the family in understanding the dynamics of reactive attachement disorder and how improvement occurs will be discussed. Objectives of the session will be to give clinical information to practitioners about children with reactive attachment disorder, how this disorder affects the family, and possible therapeutic intervention techniques to open a diaglogue that will lead to understanding children who are in treatment.
Keywords: Attachment Disorders Educational Counseling Family Therapy Family Unification Individual Psychotherapy Parent Child Relations RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. Brown, L. S. (2002). Feminist therapy and EMDR: theory meets practice. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 263-287). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter includes a review of certain core concepts of feminist therapy theory and an exploration of how EMDR can be integrated into feminist practice as a means of operationalizing that theory. Because feminist therapy is inherently technically eclectic, embracing interventions ranging from the psychodynamic to the most radically behavioral, the question to be addressed regarding EMDR as a feminist practice is whether its use in therapy supports feminist models of change. In feminist practice, that question is the boundary condition for inclusion of a strategy: Can its use promote feminist models and outcomes? Not every way of practicing therapy does this, and some strategies, particularly those that emphasize strategic approaches in which therapists intentionally use their power over the client, are per se problematic. However, EMDR seems to fall easily within the parameters of feminist practice and even in the hands of nonfeminist therapists advances the goals of feminist social and personal change that are at the core of feminist therapy models. In arguing that EMDR does support feminist strategies, this chapter explores the way feminist practice conceptualizes the notions of change and goodness of outcome. To some degree, these notions are very similar to those of nonfeminist therapies, and in other respects they are radically different. [Text, p. 266]
Keywords: Adults Feminist Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. Kiessling, R. (2006, September). From BLS to EMDR: Treating survivors of trauma, natural disaster, and combat along a time and stability continuum. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: T
he Comprehensive treatment protocols and
treatment outcomes of EMDR have been well
researched and documented. The calming effects
of bilateral stimulation (BLS) and its impact on
having images fade have also been documented.
Consequently, there are many situations where
stabilization and symptom reduction may be appropriate and/or necessary, such as trauma from
terrorism, natural disasters and combat. This workshop will discuss a number of Bilateral
Stimulation (BLS) interventions along a time and client stability continuum. Participants will learn and hone their skills using a number of
stabilization and symptom reduction interventions
through lecture, video and live demonstration, as
well as small group practice of these more
truncated, target specific, symptom
desensitization protocols. Additionally,
participants will understand when to select these
interventions in preparing the client for the
comprehensive EMDR treatment protocols.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Page, M. G. (2007, July). Gathering objective data from assessment to discharge in EMDR therapy: Galvanic skin responses, verbal prompts and tactile desensitization. EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This study shows how three changes (one addition to the EMDR protocol, plus two alterations) were used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The addition to the EMDR protocol was: 1) The use of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) monitors to provide a constant flow of objective, testable and measurable data specific to the experience of suffering or disturbance, exclusively to the clinician (and not to the patient) throughout the therapy process, The two other alterations were:
2) Incorporating specifically targeted verbal prompts at various points in the process, thus serving to maintain the patients emotional and intellectual focus on the experience of suffering the presenting disorder.
3) Allowing the patient to close his or her eyes and using tactile desensitization and reprocessing rather than eye movements, thereby allowing the patient to maintain the mental imagery specific to the suffering.
The study group achieved beneficial outcomes sooner and more effectively than the control group who were given standard EMDR therapy.[Author abstract]
Keywords: Galvanic Skin Response Tactile Desensitization Verbal Prompts
Accuracy Verified: Yes
85. Leeds, A. M. (2012, November). Guía de protocolos estándar de EMDR para terapeutas, supervisores y consultores [A guide to the standard EMDR protocols for clinicians, supervisors, and consultants]. Bilbao ESPAÑA: Desclée De Brouwer.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book
Abstract:
Aprender a utilizar el EMDR con seguridad y eficacia requiere la integración de una amplia gama de conocimientos y competencias. Esta guía quiere ser una orientación para las cuestiones clínicas, profesionales y de gestión de riesgos con las que los profesionales del EMDR se encuentran a diario.
Siguiendo el modelo de las ocho fases de la EMDR, el libro propone una guía clara y detallada para la utilización de los protocolos convencionales de EMDR para el tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático, fobias y ataques de pánico. También se incluyen pautas para la formulación de casos, la planificación del tratamiento y para preparar a los pacientes para el reprocesamiento con EMDR. Además, la guía también contiene muestras de contratos para supervisión y formularios para documentar los resúmenes de los casos y los resultados de los tratamientos, así como:
- gráficos, formularios, ilustraciones, tablas y árboles de decisión para guiar la planificación del tratamiento y la documentación.
- estudios de casos con trascripciones que ilustran los distintos protocolos y pautas para tomar decisiones informadas.
- cuestiones éticas de aplicación clínica, consulta, supervisión e investigación.
Gracias a las pautas de tratamiento claras y concisas sobre el uso clínico del EMDR, este libro es un recurso de incalculable valor para terapeutas en activo, supervisores, consultores y directores clínicos.
Learning to use EMDR safely and effectively requires the integration of a wide range of knowledge and skills. This guide is intended as a guide for clinical, professional and risk management with which EMDR practitioners encounter daily.
Modeled after the eight phases of EMDR, the book offers a clear and detailed guide to the use of EMDR protocols for treating PTSD, phobias and panic attacks. Also included are guidelines for case formulation, treatment planning and to prepare patients for reprocessing with EMDR. The guide also contains samples for monitoring contracts and forms to document summaries of cases and treatment outcomes, as well as:
- Charts, forms, illustrations, tables and decision trees to guide treatment planning and documentation.
- Case studies with transcripts illustrating the different protocols and guidelines to make informed decisions.
- Ethical issues in clinical application, consultation, supervision and research.
With treatment guidelines clear and concise on the clinical use of EMDR, this book is an invaluable resource for practicing therapists, supervisors, consultants and clinical directors.
Keywords: Prtactice Protocols Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
86. Leeds, A. M. (2009). A guide to the standard EMDR protocols for clinicians, supervisors, and consultants. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book serves as a resource for practicing clinicians, supervisors, clinic directors, and hospital administrators. Leeds provides clear, concise treatment guidelines on the clinical use of EMDR.
This book provides an orientation to the clinical, professional, and risk management issues. Leeds provides sample consultation agreements and forms for documenting treatment planning, case summaries, and treatment outcomes. These forms will be especially helpful for case managers and clinical supervisors in agencies and community health treatment centers.
Key features:
Includes charts, forms, illustrations, tables, and decision trees, presenting essential information clearly and concisely to guide treatment planning and documentation.
Presents case studies with transcripts illustrating the different protocols and presenting guidelines for informed decision making.
Outlines the stages of clinical skill development
Discusses ethical issues in clinical application, consultation, supervision, and research.
Keywords: Protocols
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. May, R. (2005). How do we know what works?. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 19(3), 69-73. doi:10.1300/J035v19n03_07.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This commentary raises questions about how we assess therapeutic techniques. In particular, it critiques a recent paper promoting EMDR for use with college students.
Keywords: Brief Therapy College Students Comment Evaluation Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Techniques PTSD Outcomes Research Reply Theory Technique
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. Peters, E., Wissing, M. P., & du Plessis, W. F. (2002, June). Implementation of EMD(R) with cancer patients: Research. Health SA Gesondheid, 7(2), 100-109.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR(R)), developed in 1987 and proved highly effective in treating psychological disturbances rooted in traumatic memories. It was hypothesised that EMDR(R) would enhance coping in patients traumatised by a cancer diagnosis and / or treatment, as indicated by their subjective responses and levels of depression, anxiety, satisfaction with life, positive-negative affect balance and sense of coherence. A descriptive multiple case-study method was implemented. Three cases were treated by EMDR(R) and three by a supportive method. Data collection was triangulised in terms of semi-structured interviews, quantitative measuring instruments and interviews by an external validator. Findings were consistently in favour of EMDR(R). The results confirmed EMDR(R)'s efficacy in terms of beneficial clinical outcomes on both objective and subjective measures of change.[Journal abstract]
Keywords: Cancer Enhancement of Well-Being Psycho-Oncology Psychotherapy Stress Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
89. Shapiro, F., & Maxfield, L. (2002, March). In the blink of an eye. The Psychologist, 15(3), 120-124.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Imagine a safe, rapid and effective
treatment that results in the elimination
of post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD). When I originally introduced eye
movement desensitisation and reprocessing
(EMDR) (Shapiro, 1989), the claims that it
could quickly alleviate the disabling
symptoms of PTSD were received with
both interest and scepticism. Since then
EMDR has been the object of much
scrutiny and debate, and the focus of many
empirical investigations. This article reports
on the clinical applications of this
innovative method, on research evaluating
treatment outcomes, and on EMDR’s
mechanisms of action.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
90. Maxfield, L. (2002, June). The influence of methodological variables on outcome in psychotherapy research. Panel discussion (L. Beutler, Discussant, EMDR research and its future: Ecological validity, process research, outcome findings, and socio-political context) at the (SPR) Society for Psychotherapy Research, International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Although there is consensus that EMDR is efficacious in the treatment of PTSD, different studies have achieved a range of results. This presentation reviews a methodological meta-analysis that found a significant positive correlation between effect size and ratings of methodological rigor. Specific client, therapist, and methodological factors were identified in the analysis as accounting for some of the disparities in outcome. These variables are examined, and include the over-all rigor of the study, qualities of the assessor, treatment fidelity, symptom severity, and appropriate course of treatment. Implications for interpreting research outcomes are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research. The scale for assessing methodological variables was adapted from Foa and Meadows (1997), and the analysis suggests modifications and additions to improve the measurement of methodology.
Keywords: Methodology Outcome Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. Brown, S. H., Gilman, S. G., Goodman, E. G., Adler-Tapia, R., & Freng, S. (2010). Integrated trauma treatment in drug court: Combining EMDR and seeking safety. Authors.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Trauma histories with co-occurring Substance Use Disorder (SUD) are disproportionately prevalent for individuals in the criminal justice system. A study was implemented in the Thurston County Drug Court Program to determine the prevalence of trauma exposure and evaluate the feasibility of implementing an Integrated Trauma Treatment Program (ITTP) combining two empirically supported treatments: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Seeking Safety (SS). It was hypothesized that individual trauma treatment would lead to improved program outcomes, including increased graduation rates and lower recidivism. Two hundred nineteen males and females, ages 18-65 were screened. One hundred sixty one participants (73.5%) were eligible for the ITTP based on a self-report of at least one “criterion A” event in their lifetime. Fifty-eight participants (26.5%) did not report criterion A trauma and were assigned to program as usual (PAU). Participants who completed only the SS groups (N=50) graduated at a rate of 62% compared to 91.3% of those who completed both SS and EMDR (N=69). After implementation of the ITTP, recidivism for graduates was 7.4% and 18% for terminators, compared to 25% and 30.6% respectively prior to the ITTP. These outcomes provide preliminary evidence that individual trauma treatment can improve graduation rates and decrease recidivism in a Drug Court Program.
Keywords: Drug Court Integrated Trauma Treatment Program ITTP Seeking Safety Substance Use Disorder SUD Thurston County Drug Court Program
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Brown, S., & Gilman, S. (2007). An integrated trauma treatment program (ITTP) in the Thurston County Drug Court Program: Program summary - An integrated trauma treatment program (EMDR and seeking safety) as an enhancement in the Thurson County drug court program. Author.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The prevalence of co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in the criminal justice system is a serious issue for both men and women. The inattention to trauma before, during, and after involvement in the criminal justice system is problematic. Some research suggests that trauma-related disorders among those with SUD negatively affect post-incarceration outcomes (Kubiak, 2004). Therefore, from a practice and policy perspective, interventions addressing these co-occurring disorders should be made available to men and women within the criminal justice system.
Current research recommends a phased and integrated treatment approach for co-occurring PTSD and SUD. SAMHSA (2005) reports that the integration of substance abuse treatment and mental health services for persons with co-occurring disorders (COD) has become a major treatment initiative. The specific Integrated Trauma Treatment Program (ITTP) described in this report is one possible treatment approach for this challenging population. This report will outline the rationale for the ITTP implemented in the Thurston County Drug Court Program (TCDCP) in Olympia, WA. In addition, it is hoped that results from this project will be considered when making policy recommendations for Drug Courts and other programs in the criminal justice system, as well as other public and private substance abuse treatment settings.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Substance Use Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
93. Brown, S., Gilman, S. G., & Kelso, T. (2008, September). Integrated trauma treatment program: A novel EMDR approach for PTSD and substance abuse. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
PTSD and substance abuse is a common co-occurring disorder for which current research recommends a phased, integrated treatment approach. This presentation covers the 4-year pilot program using EMDR and Seeking Safety© as an Integrated Trauma Treatment Program (ITTP) in a Drug Court. The process, rationale and clinically significant outcomes of this study will be presented. Participants will learn how to implement EMDR in other similar settings and will learn how to develop a simple research model to collect data. Time will be provided for discussion of clinical issues addressed in this ITTP and video of study participants post-treatment.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
94. Keenan, L. (2010, June). The integration and progression of EMDR within a generic primary care mental health service. In Trainiing issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In 2007 the Department of Health (DoH. UK) published
"Improving Access to Psychological Therapies" (IAPT). This meant
that primary care mental health services (PCMHS) had to seriously
consider the mode, method and efficacy of their service delivery.
This paper will consider one such service, critically reflecting on the
integration of EMDR as a mainstream therapeutic intervention.
The service utilises therapists from various therapeutic paradigms,
counselors, graduate workers, cognitive behavioural psychotherapists,
cognitive analytical psychotherapists, clinical psychologists
and registered mental nurses. Clients are referred with a wide range of psychological issues such as Depression, anxiety disorders,
OCD, and PTSD. Following a further EMDR training initiative in 2007 (Birmingham University), the service now boasts,
One EMDR Consultant/Facilitator, three accredited practitioners,
three level three trained therapists and two clinicians at level two.
This paper will present a brief history of the development of EMDR
within the PCMHS, exploring how EMDR has been utilised
not only in the treatment of PTSD (NIHCE 20051, but also in the
treatment of other psychological pathologies. The paper will highlight
the number of clients treated with EMDR (retrospectively
over a twelve month period), the average number of sessions per
client and the therapeutic outcomes as measured by the Patients
Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9) (Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002) and the
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (CAD-7) ( Spitzer et
al 2006). The Dissociative Experience Scale is used when considering
EMDR as an intervention strategy and the Impact of Events
Scale- Revised (WEISS et al 2004) when appropriate. The paper
will conclude with a brief analysis of qualitative data from clinicians
as to the impact EMDR has had on their clinical practice.
Learning Outcomes:
By the conclusion of the presentation the participants will:
1. Be able to discuss the application of EMDR in the treatment
of psychopathologies other than PTSD.
2. To consider the integration of EMDR with other psychotherapeutic
paradigms.
3. To critical consider the treatment outcomes and in particular
the cost effectiveness of EMDR as a psychotherapeutic tool in a
generic primary care setting.
4. Be aware of the ethical and political considerations of integrating
EMDR into a generic primary care mental health service.
Innovation: This work is innovative as it focuses on how EMDR
can be utilised within generic mental health services. It critically
reflects on the phenomenology of integrating EMDR into
a PCMHS and it has encouraged the training of other EMDR
clinicians outside of the primary care mental health team.
Keywords: Generic Primary Care Symposium Training Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
95. Stergiopoulos, E., Cimo, A., Cheng, C., Bonato, S., & Dewa, C. S. (2011, October). Interventions to improve work outcomes in work-related PTSD: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 838. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-838.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background:
Posttraumatic stress disorder acquired at work can be debilitating both for workers and their employers. The disorder can result in increased sick leave, reduced productivity, and even unemployment. Furthermore, workers are especially unlikely to return to their previous place of employment after a traumatic incident at work because of the traumatic memories and symptoms of avoidance that typically accompany the disorder. Therefore, intervening in work-related PTSD becomes especially important in order to get workers back to the workplace.
Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science. The articles were independently screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by a quality assessment of all included articles.
Results:
The systematic search identified seven articles for inclusion in the review. These consisted of six research articles and one systematic review. The review focused specifically on interventions using real exposure techniques for anxiety disorders in the workplace. In the research articles addressed in the current review, study populations included police officers, public transportation workers, and employees injured at work. The studies examined the effectiveness of EMDR, cognitive-behavioural techniques, and an integrative therapy approach called brief eclectic psychotherapy. Interestingly, 2 of the 6 research articles addressed add-on treatments for workplace PTSD, which were designed to treat workers with PTSD who failed to respond to traditional evidence-based psychotherapy.
Conclusions:
Results of the current review suggest that work-related interventions show promise as effective strategies for promoting return to work in employees who acquired PTSD in the workplace. Further research is needed in this area to determine how different occupational groups with specific types of traumatic exposure might respond differently to work-tailored treatments.
Keywords: Employees Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Workers
Accuracy Verified: Yes
96. Lytle, R. A. (1993). An investigation of the efficacy of eye-movement desensitization in the treatment of cognitive intrusions related to memories of a past stressful event. Pennsylvania State University. AAT 9334778.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
A novel clinical technique, referred to as "eye-movement desensitization," has recently been reported to rapidly achieve significant reductions in the frequency and intensity of the two primary symptoms of PTSD; cognitive intrusions and the behavioral and emotional avoidance of trauma related fear cues. The current study was intended to provide an experimentally controlled replication of this procedure. The 45 students with the highest scores on a self-report questionnaire were selected for participation in the study and randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. These conditions included "eye-movement desensitization," "eye-fixation desensitization," and a non-directive control condition.Sessions One and Three consisted of pretest and posttest assessment respectively, administered by questionnaire and behavioral measures of cognitive intrusions relating to the reported trauma. Session Two, consisted of immediate pretest and posttest assessment of information regarding subjective discomfort, perceived validity of adaptive cognitions, and vividness of images related to the reported trauma. The results of this experiment indicated that treatment-related pretest to posttest change was limited to (a) a relative reduction in cognitive intrusions for the eye-fixation group compared to the other treatment conditions, and (b) initial superiority of both desensitization techniques in immediately reducing subject distress, vividness of the initial image (and for eye-fixation, improved validity of an adaptive cognition) in comparison to the non-directive condition. The latter condition, however, then achieved equivalent gains by one-week follow-up. It was concluded that: (a) the relative efficacy of the eye-movement desensitization technique, was not supported in this non-clinical population, (b) to the degree that the outcomes resulting from the two desensitization conditions were at variance from those of the more traditional non-directive technique, those differences appear to have been predominantly transient in character, and (c) the induction of saccadic eye-movements did not demonstrably function as an active component of treatment within this experimental context. It was additionally concluded that further research will be required to satisfactorily resolve the discrepant findings of experimentation and case reports regarding the efficacy of this technique. Specific suggestions for further research were presented. [Truncated Author Abstract] [Pilots]
Keywords: Biologic Markers College Students Intrusive Thoughts Negative Therapeutic Reaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Witnesses
Accuracy Verified: Yes
97. Rogers, S., & Silver, S. M. (2002, January). Is EMDR an exposure therapy? A review of trauma protocols. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 43-59. doi:10.1002/jclp.1128.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article presents the well established theoretical base and clinical practice of exposure therapy for trauma. Necessary requirements for positive treatment results and contraindicated procedures are reviewed. EMDR is contrasted with these requirements and procedures. By the definitions and clinical practice of exposure therapy, the classification of EMDR poses some problems. As seen from the exposure therapy paradigm, its lack of physiological habituation and use of spontaneous association should result in negligible or negative effects rather than the well researched positive outcomes. Possible reasons for the effectiveness of EMDR are discussed, ranging from the fundamental nature of trauma reactions to the nonexposure mechanisms utilized in information processing models. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Keywords: Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Trauma Protocols
Accuracy Verified: Yes
98. Munder, T., Fluckiger, C., Gerger, H., Wampold, B. E., & Barth, J. (2012, October). Is the allegiance effect an epiphenomenon of true efficacy differences between treatments? A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(4), 631-637. doi:10.1037/a0029571.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Many meta-analyses of comparative outcome studies found a substantial association of researcher allegiance (RA) and relative treatment effects. Therefore, RA is regarded as a biasing factor in comparative outcome research (RA bias hypothesis). However, the RA bias hypothesis has been criticized as causality might be reversed. That is, RA might be a reflection of true efficacy differences between treatments (true efficacy hypothesis). Consequently, the RA-outcome association would not be indicative of bias but an epiphenomenon of true efficacy differences. This meta-analysis tested the validity of the true efficacy hypothesis. This was done by controlling the RA-outcome association for true efficacy differences by restricting analysis to direct comparisons of treatments with equivalent efficacy. We included direct comparisons of different versions of trauma-focused therapy (TFT) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). RA was measured from the research reports. Relative effect sizes for symptoms of PTSD were calculated. Random effects meta-regression was conducted. Twenty-nine comparisons of TFTs from 20 studies were identified. Initial heterogeneity among relative effect sizes was low. RA was a significant predictor of outcome and explained 12% of the variance in outcomes. The true efficacy hypothesis predicted the RA-outcome association to be zero; however, a substantial association was found. Thus, this study does not support the true efficacy hypothesis. Given findings from psychotherapy research and other fields that support a biasing influence of researcher preferences, RA should be regarded as a causal factor and conceptualized as a threat to the validity of conclusions from comparative outcome studies.
Keywords: Comparative Outcome Research Meta-Analyses Researcher Allegiance
Accuracy Verified: Yes
99. Horne, B. (2012, April). Joyful practice: EMDR and the therapist. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will focus on the benefits of EMDR to the therapist, rather than to the client (for whom they are already well established!). It will examine the therapeutic relationship that is made necessary by the AIP, where in the therapist now takes the stance of privileged expert witness to the client's own healing, rather than being the agent or supplier of that healing. The history of the therapeutic relationship will be briefly tracked, with adescription of the paradigm shift that began with family systems pioneers such as Carl Whitaker, who challenged therapists to take a more client-centered, respectfull view of the therapeutic relationship. EMDR therapists can now shift from being “ helpers ” or “ healers ” to being informed and privileged witnesses. Norcross (2005) has demonstrated that EMDR is an "evidence-based therapy" largely due to the therapeutic attunement that it requires. The neurobiological & hormonal benefits of attunement (Schore, Gray) are coming to be better understood. This attunement will be examined from the point of view of the benefit to the therapist, as well as to the client. This attunement greatly enhances ourability to work joyfully and abundantly (and hence, more effectively). These benefits, accompanied by the optimism and hope that is fed by therepeated witnessing of our clients ’ transformations precludes any possibility of compassion fatigue — indeed the work is exhilarating. This workshop will be largely didactic, but case examples and space for sharing & discussion will be incorporated into the 90-minutes framework.
Learning Objectives:
1.Participants will compare the traditional medical-model therapeutic relationship with EMDR’s more client-respectful / responsible model.
2. Participants will expand their understanding of how the AIP dictates & requires this changed therapeutic relationship and its impact on us as therapists.
3. Participants will identify and examine the EMDR therapist ’ s freedom from responsibility for our clients and appreciate the impact on us of our routinely excellent treatment outcomes
4. Participants will identify and acknowledge the benefits of therapeutic attunement to the therapist.
5. Participants will show awareness of their own experiences, from the point of view of the therapist-benefit aspects of EMDR.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
100. Farkas, L., Cyr, M., Lebeau, T. M., Lemay, J., & McDuff, P. (2008). L'efficacité de l'approche MASTR-EMDR Auprès d'adolescent(e)s qui ont été agressé(e)s sexuellement [Treatment effectiveness of MASTR-EMDR therapy for sexually abused adolescents]. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 29(3), 101-115.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Cette étude évalue l’efficacite du traitement manualise (MASTR-EMDR) supres d’adolescents ayant subi des agressions sexuelles. Les trente participants ont été repartis au hasard dans le groupe traitement ou dans le groupe-temoin qui continuait de recevoir les services habituels. Le traitement cible a la fois les problemes comportementaux des jeunes et la resolution de leurs traumatismes. Les participants ont complete des mesures du comportement et de symptomes post-traumatiques avant et apres le traitement et au suivi de 3 mois. Des analyses de type ANCOVA indiquent que les adolescents du groupe traitement presentent use amelioration significative de leur condition et les gains se sont maintenus dans le temps.
This study aims to assess the treatment outcomes of MASTR-EMDR therapy for sexually abused adolescents. Participants (n-30) were randomly assigned to the MASTR-EMDR therapy group or to a group receiving the usual treatment offered by Youth Protection Services. The MASTR component addresses treatment obstacles in youth with behavior problems and EMDR targets trauma resolution. Participants completed questionnaires on posttraumatic symptoms and behavior problems at the start of the study (pre-treatment), after completing either MASTR-EMDR or the routine treatment, and a 3-month follow-up. Repeated ANCOVA tests showed that MASTR-EMDR is associated with significant improvements compared with a control group and that these effects are maintained over time.
Keywords: Adolescents Conduct Disorders MASTR
Accuracy Verified: Yes
101. Sikes, C., & Sikes, V. (2003). A look at EMDR: Technique, research, and use with college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 18(1), 65-76. doi:10.1300/J035v18n01_06.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), often resulting in dramatic symptom relief in clients, has become an increasingly popular treatment for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and a variety of other diagnoses and symptoms. EMDR may prove more effective and timely than other methods in treating college students for a number of common presenting concerns, particularly within the framework of the brief therapy model. The following article will provide an overview of the process of and theory behind EMDR treatment, and the current research on its outcomes. The use of EMDR in treating college students will then be considered. [Haworth Press]
Keywords: Brief Therapy College Students Literature Outcomes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Review Technique Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
102. Giannantonio, M. (2001, Ottobre). L’eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (E.M.D.R.) negli adulti e adolescenti abusati sessualmente in età infantile [The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in adults and adolescents sexually abused in childhood]. Congresso AIAMC, Palermo, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
L’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) nasce come
interevento elettivo nella terapia del Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress
(PTSD) e, in particolar modo nelle fasi iniziali del suo consolidamento
clinico e teoretico, ha calibrato il proprio protocollo di intervento standard sul
PTSD generato da combattimenti bellici, catastrofi naturali e provocate
dall’uomo. L’abuso sessuale, soprattutto se avvenuto nell’infanzia, in modo
prolungato ed all’interno di un contesto familiare (ovvero il tipo di abuso
sessuale sul quale concentrerò ora la mia attenzione), è un tipo di evento
traumatico che può presentare caratteristiche peculiari: elementi dissociativi
da marcati ad assenti, alterazioni mnestiche e codifiche mnestiche statodipendenti,
massicci meccanismi di repressione operanti anche per decenni,
condizionamento negativo dell’evoluzione del sistema comportamentale
dell’attaccamento, presenza di memorie somatiche di difficile gestione da
parte del paziente, disturbi sessuali, difficoltà nell’instaurazione e nel
mantenimento della relazione terapeutica. L’abuso sessuale intrafamiliare si
accompagna abitualmente alla trascuratezza emotiva ed alla violenza
psicologica, in alcuni casi anche a quella fisica. Di fronte ad un quadro
2
clinico così complesso (laddove la presenza di PTSD è semplicemente uno
dei possibili esiti psicopatologici, e con ogni probabilità non il più
frequente), l’intervento con l’EMDR richiede modificazioni rispetto al
protocollo standard di intervento per il PTSD ma, soprattutto, l'inserimento
all'interno di un intervento clinico di respiro decisamente più ampio rispetto
all’impiego di algoritmi terapeutici ridotti all’essenziale. Il sottoscritto ritiene
che, al momento attuale, lo studio più approfondito sull’argomento sia una
pubblicazione di Laurel Parnell del 1999. Personalmente, ed in modo
concorde con quest’ultimo autore, ho verificato la notevole efficacia
nell’operare con l'EMDR - anche molto direttivamente - sulla storia di
attaccamento del paziente al fine di colmarne le falle evolutive o eliminare gli
ostacoli per il conseguimento di questo fondamentale obiettivo terapeutico.
The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is born as
interevento elective in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD) and, especially in the early stages of its consolidation
clinical and theoretical, has calibrated their intervention protocols for the standard
PTSD generated by fighting wars, natural disasters and caused
man. Sexual abuse, especially if done in childhood, so
Prolonged and within a family context (ie the type of abuse
which focus on sex now my attention) is a type of event
trauma that may have special characteristics: elements dissociative
to be marked absent, changes in mnemonic and mnemonic encodings statodipendenti,
massive repression mechanisms operating for decades
negative evolution of behavioral conditioning system
attachment, presence of somatic memories of unmanageable
the patient's sexual problems, difficulty in establishing and
maintaining the therapeutic relationship. Sexual abuse is intrafamilial
usually accompanies the emotional neglect and violence
psychological, in some cases to physical. Faced with a framework
2
clinical as complex (where the presence of PTSD is simply a
possible outcomes of psychopathology, and probably not the most
frequent), intervention with EMDR requires changes compared to
standard protocol of intervention for PTSD but, more importantly, the inclusion
within a clinical intervention to breath much larger than
use of therapeutic algorithms reduced to essentials. My opinion
that, at present, more thorough study on the subject is a
Published by Laurel Parnell in 1999. Personally, and so
agreed with this page, I checked the remarkable effectiveness
in working with EMDR - very directly - on the history of
attachment of the patient in order to bridge the evolutionary gaps or eliminate
obstacles to achieving this important therapeutic target.
Keywords: Adolescents Adults Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
103. Bodill, B. (2007, March). Measuring outcomes: Using EMDR in the NHS. Symposium at the 5th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Glasgow, Scotland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Types of outcomes measures
CORE-OM
Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation
34 items
Covers 4 domains: problems, social
functioning, well-being and risk. [Excerpt]
Keywords: NHS Outcomes Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
104. Hagen, H. A. (2012, May). Mental health professionals’ perspectives of best practices with children who have experienced complex trauma. University of St. Thomas.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Complex trauma in early childhood has the ability to impact a child’s development in
multiple domains, thus influencing development throughout the rest of their life. The
purpose of this study was to explore best practices with children who have experienced
complex trauma from the perspective of mental health professionals, with a focus on
children between the ages of three and five. Qualitative interviews were conducted with
six mental health professionals who were asked to discuss the presentation, interventions,
and outcomes of a case where the child experienced complex trauma. Consistent with
previous literature, all participants in this study reported self-regulation deficits and
relational impairments for the case they discussed. Additionally, all six participants
utilized play therapy and expressed the importance of collaboration with other adults and
systems in the child’s life in order for treatment to be successful, exemplifying the need
to utilize an ecological approach. Other practices used by professionals included
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies, feelings/emotion interventions, EMDR, and relational
interventions such as including the parents/caregivers in treatment, addressing the
attachment needs, and coaching parents. Overall, participants utilize a combination of
approaches and interventions in order to provide best practices, always emphasizing
safety, attachment, and development.
Keywords: Best Practice Children Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
105. Noorthoorn, E. O., Havenaar, J. M., de Haan, H. A., van Rood, Y. R., & van Stiphout, W. A. (2010). Mental health service use and outcomes after the Enschede fireworks disaster: A naturalistic follow-up study. Psychiatric Services, 61(11), 1138-1143. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.61.11.1138 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: This study documented the number of people seeking help for mental health problems after a fireworks disaster in Enschede, the Netherlands. It describes their diagnostic characteristics, interventions provided, and their results. Methods: Researchers coded data from intakes and medical charts of all patients who sought help (N=1,659) and entered treatment (N=663) at a disaster relief service between May 13, 2000 (day of the disaster), and June 1, 2004. Patients who received more than eight treatment sessions (N=394) and were in treatment one year after the disaster were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (N=228, response rate, 58%) and other questionnaires (N=271, response rate, 69%). Results: In the population probably exposed, the cumulative referral-incidence for disaster-related mental health problems over four years was approximately 10%; in terms of referrals to the mental health facility over five years, the proportion of disaster-related referrals was 5.7%. Among adults, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most common clinical diagnosis (53%, chart sample). However, depression was the most common CIDI diagnosis (58%, CIDI interview sample). The recovery rate was about 50% on the basis of clinical judgment (chart sample), between 69% and 76% on the basis of "healthy" scores on symptoms, and between 39% and 60% in social and physical functioning (interview sample). Conclusions: Apart from persons seeking support during the first weeks postdisaster, the largest influx occurred after about one year and was limited in size. Clinicians in specialized services should be aware that conditions other than PTSD, such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and somatoform disorders, are also quite common after disasters. (Psychiatric Services 61:1138—1143, 2010)
On the afternoon of May 13, 2000, a fireworks deposit situated in a residential area exploded, killing 22 people and injuring about 1,000 in the center of Enschede, a town in the east of the Netherlands. As a result approximately 1,500 houses were damaged, of which 498 had to be demolished, leading to displacement of 4,163 inhabitants (1). An estimated 17,000 individuals were probably exposed in one way or another to this disaster (1). The event was immediately declared a national disaster. In response, a nationwide support effort was launched and funds were allocated for research to document health consequences of this disaster. As a result, data about health, well-being, and medical service use have been systematically collected since the early days after this event (2,3,4,5).
In contrast to the wealth of publications about the epidemiology of mental health problems after a disaster (6,7), there are only few studies that describe help-seeking behavior for these problems in a population stricken by disaster, or the outcomes of interventions. In this article we present the results of a chart study and interviews in early and later phases of treatment of adults who sought help from mental health services for disaster-related problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate mental health service delivery to persons affected by the fireworks disaster in Enschede during the period from May 2000 to May 2005. This study documented the number of people seeking help for disaster-related psychological problems, their sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics, the interventions that they received, and some results of these interventions. To our knowledge this is the first systematic investigation of all adults seeking specialized mental health care in a disaster-stricken area.
Keywords: Enschede Fireworks Disaster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
106. Gersons, B., Schnyder, U., Rothbaum, B., & McFarlane, A. (2006, November). The need for new directions in psychotherapy for PTSD. Panel presentation at the 22nd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Fall Conference, Hollywood, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The trauma field can be proud of having evidence-based effective
psychotherapy protocols for PTSD. Especially CBT and EMDR have
been recognized as first choice treatments (NICE Guidelines 2005).
However, having these protocols available new questions that need
to be answered are emerging. There is no large scale evidence yet on
phase 4 implementation showing its effectiveness. Too many patients
drop out of treatment. Many patients suffer from comorbid conditions.
The question on how research outcomes on the biology of
PTSD should be translated into different psychotherapeutic
approaches is a rather new one. Especially, is habituation still the
correct fundament of exposure in PTSD, or should it be replaced by
the concept of extinction? A third question is the mixed feeling in
many societies about the concept of PTSD and it´s consequences in
the need for treatment. Especially after disasters, but also after
domestic violence, treatment can be seen as the avoidance of society
to punish the responsible ones or to ask for material compensation.
These questions will lead to find new directions for the psychotherapy
protocols, for the combination with biological routes of intervention
and for the societal acceptance of treatment for PTSD.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Panel
Accuracy Verified: Yes
107. Lanius, U. (2008, September). The neurobiology of dissociation: Current findings and treatment approaches. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Current research in neuroscience and the neurobiology of dissociation is discussed and its connection to a wide variety of traumatic stress syndromes and attachment related disorders. Dissociation is a normal and adaptive response to overwhelming experience. At the same time, dissociative symptoms interfere with mindfulness and the continuity of self. Moreover, information processing becomes compromised or shut down, thus barring the integration and resolution of the traumatic experience. Thus, dissociation interferes with effective psychotherapeutic intervention. Therefore, addressing dissociative symptoms is essential for positive treatment outcomes. A neurobiological model is described that guides therapeutic interventions and integrates diverse approaches that include not only EMDR, but also mindfulness, body therapy approaches, ego-state interventions, sensory integration, as well as neurobiologically based interventions. Participants will become familiar with interventions that reduce dissociative symptoms, as well as when and how to use them to maximize treatment effects.
Keywords: Dissociation Neurobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
108. Gene-Cos, N. (2010, April). New ways of working with complex PTSD and head injury. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
I will begin by outlining the appropriate assessment procedures for complex cases, including bio-psychosocial factors within a multidisciplinary approach. This will be followed by the presentation of two clinical cases, the first of which is one of severe head injury (with severe language impediment) and severe PTSD. In this case I will describe the use of Sensorimotor Therapy and a modified EMDR protocol. The second case is of severe developmental trauma with forensic and substance misuse background, where the treatment used is Lifespan Integration. In both cases I will give a full picture of methods and of outcomes, including videos of the treatment. I will seek to offer delegates a hands-on understanding both of the assessment issues and of the therapies.
Learning Outcomes Learning how to assess complex PTSD cases within a multidisciplinary framework. Dealing with patients whose clinical presentation falls outside the remit of NICE PTSD guidelines. Delegates will be introduced to new therapeutic approaches including Sensorimotor Therapy, Lifespan Integration, and a modified protocol for EMDR with the above clinical cases.
Keywords: Head Injury Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
109. Schottenbauer, M. A., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., Tendick, V., & Gray, S. H. (2008, Summer). Nonresponse and dropout rates in outcome studies on PTSD: Review and methodological considerations. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 71(2), 134-168. doi:10.1521/psyc.2008.71.2.134.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a frequent consequence of a variety of extreme psychological stressors. Lists of empirically supported treatments for PTSD usually include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), but nonresponse and dropout rates in these treatments often are high. We review the treatment dropout and nonresponse rates in 55 studies of empirically supported treatments for PTSD, review the literature for predictors of dropout and nonresponse, discuss methodological inconsistencies in the literature that make comparisons across studies difficult, and outline future directions for research. Dropout rates ranged widely and may have depended, at least in part, on the nature of the study population. It was not uncommon to find nonresponse rates as high as 50%. Standard methods of reporting dropout and nonresponse rates are needed for reporting outcomes. We suggest guidelines for collecting data to help identify characteristics and predictors of dropouts and nonresponders.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Literature Revieew Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prediction PSTD Treatment Dropouts Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
110. Yoeli, F. R., & Prattos-Spongalides, T-A. (2004, June). OCD: Anxiety, rituals, co-morbidity or altered state? Treatment outcomes with EMDR. In anxiety disorders and EMDR (A. de Jongh, Chair). Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of th EMDR Europe Association, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trauma-generated OCD repeats the trauma through its own ritual behavior patterns. This altered state re-traumatizes the core personality through the repetition of rituals similar to the original trauma. The presenters hypothesize that trauma-based OCD is an altered state not co-morbid with diagnosis for dissociative disorders. This OCD persona served the dissociative adult cope with traumatic memories changing and influencing reactions to ongoing trauma, life choices, and other behavior patterns.
This aim of this workshop is to focus on the development of trauma-based, anxiety-motivated dissociative states. Life in the shadow of chronic anxiety stemming from living under constant and consistent life-threatening conditions produces a (sub)-population of persons suffering from PTS/D. The anxiety and fear from elements of unprocessed traumatic events are retained and embedded in the body and are repeatedly triggered in daily life. This PTSD population dissociates into anxiety-based altered states ranging along a continuum from mild tension to phobias, panic attacks, denial, PCD, aggression, indifference and apathy and finally full blown trauma generated OCD.
The presenters provide cross-cultural examples demonstrating how ongoing threat of man-made or natural disasters often leads to a dissociative OCD state. Case examples are explored which demonstrate how processing with EMDR effectively enables resolution and change. EMDR is particularly useful in processing the “anxiety” via current behavior patterns.
Objectives: 1) to examine the co-morbidity aspects of trauma-based OCD and dissociation 2) to present the parallel continuums of types of stress and anxiety (on the intensity and severity axis 3) to compare the differences and similarities in behavioral patterns in different cultures under the stress of constant threat of annihilation (man-made vs. natural threats) 4) to demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR on trauma induced OCD, through case illustration and discussion.
Keywords: Altered States Anxiety Disorders Co-morbidity Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Rituals Symposium Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
111. Lee, C. W., & Schubert, S. (2009). Omissions and errors in the Institute of Medicine's report on scientific evidence of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 32-38. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.32.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A recently released report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2008) commissioned by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs examined the evidence for psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It concluded that the evidence was inadequate to determine the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of PTSD. However, a critical examination of the basis for this conclusion reveals errors in three areas. First, the findings of key studies that reported positive outcomes for EMDR were misrepresented; second, a number of positive studies were excluded without apparent justification; and, finally, the IOM report failed to consider additional readily available studies that also reported benefits for EMDR. These factors appear to explain why the conclusions of the IOM report are at odds with the numerous meta-analyses and practice guidelines of PTSD treatments issued by other scientific committees worldwide. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Evidence Based Institute of Medicine IOM Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
112. Kelley, S. D., & Bozorg, A. (2010, December). Outcomes of trauma-induced psychogenic nonepileptic attacks treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Poster presented at the 64th Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society, San Antonio, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Rationale: Because of high rates of trauma (44-100%) and abuse (23-77%) among PNEA
patients, it has been suggested that PNEA are a clinical expression of a PTSD subtype. Although
little is known about psychological treatments that are most effective with PNEA, EMDR has
proved to be an effective treatment for trauma and is now showing promise in the treatment of
PNEA patients with trauma and abuse histories. This presentation details outcomes of 74 patients
with PNEA, the majority of whom have such histories, who have been referred for mental health
treatment.
Methods: This study integrates EMDR into the mental health treatment of PNEA patients
referred after video EEG monitoring confirmed the presence of psychogenic attacks and
diagnostic interviews revealed virtually ubiquitous trauma and abuse histories/experiences. Data
were analyzed for patients referred over a 6-year period from a hospital-based clinic serving
Floridians and persons from the southeastern US.
Results: The study protocol was comprised of 2-3 initial sessions for diagnosis and rapport
building followed by weekly EMDR ranging from 3 to 15 sessions. Of 74 patients referred, 31
were from distant locales and were matched with mental health practitioners in their home
locations. 43 patients were interviewed; 20 were seen for consultation only - they refused
treatment, preferring to pursue disability benefits. 21 of 23 remaining had trauma and abuse
histories. 14 of those realized complete remission of PNEA with EMDR; 8 discontinued
treatment because of relocation, transportation difficulties, and the like. Followup reveals no
return to seizure status.
Conclusions: EMDR appears to be an efficacious intervention in the psychological treatment of
PNEA patients with trauma histories. A two year highly innovative single center randomized
controlled tial comparing EMDR with another innovative promising approach, Neurofeedback
Therapy (NFT) is planned for the fall of 2010 for 60 patients.
Keywords: Trauma-Induced Psychogenic Nonepileptic Attacks
Accuracy Verified: Yes
113. Brewin, C. R., Fuchkan, N., Huntley, Z., Robertson, M., Thompson, M., Scragg, P., d'Ardenne, P., & Ehlers, A. (2010, February). Outreach and screening following the 2005 London bombings: Usage and outcomes. Psychological Medicine, 40(12), 2049–2057. doi:10.1017/S0033291710000206.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Little is known about how to remedy the unmet mental health needs associated with major terrorist attacks, or what outcomes are achievable with evidence-based treatment. This article reports the usage, diagnoses and outcomes associated with the 2-year Trauma Response Programme (TRP) for those affected by the 2005 London bombings. Method: Following a systematic and coordinated programme of outreach, the contact details of 910 people were obtained by the TRP. Of these, 596 completed a screening instrument that included the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) and items assessing other negative responses. Those scoring 6 on the TSQ, or endorsing other negative responses, received a detailed clinical assessment. Individuals judged to need treatment (n=217) received trauma-focused cognitive-behaviour therapy (TF-CBT) or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Symptom levels were assessed pre- and post-treatment with validated self-report measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and 66 were followed up at 1 year. Results: Case finding relied primarily on outreach rather than standard referral pathways such as primary care. The effect sizes achieved for treatment of DSM-IV PTSD exceeded those usually found in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and gains were well maintained an average of 1 year later. Conclusions: Outreach with screening, linked to the provision of evidence-based treatment, seems to be a viable method of identifying and meeting mental health needs following a terrorist attack. Given the failure of normal care pathways, it is a potentially important approach that merits further evaluation.
Keywords: Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy London Bombings Outreach Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Trauma Response Programme TRP
Accuracy Verified: Yes
114. Tavanti, M., Bossini, L., Calossi, S., Fanetti, F., Marino, D., Vatti, G., Pieracini, F., Castrogiovanni, P., & Fagiolini, A. (2009, September). P.1.e.006 Effect of EMDR treatment in PTSD patients: Clinical and biological outcomes are stable in 1-year follow-up. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 19(Supplement 3), S318. doi:10.1016/S0924-977X(09)70475-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
115. Farrell, D., & Keenan, P. (2013). Participants' experiences of EMDR training in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 2-16. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.2.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This research projects spans a 6-year period surveying 485 participants' experiences of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) training in the United Kingdom and Ireland between the periods of 2005 and 2011. This research used a mixed research methodology exploring EMDR training participants' application of EMDR within their current clinical practice. The rationale was to explore potential differences between EMDR-accredited and EMDR-nonaccredited clinicians in relation to retrospective reports of treatment. Results indicate that EMDR-accredited clinicians report better treatment outcomes. An argument is presented that EMDR has progressed from a convergent technique to a divergent psychotherapeutic approach. Consequently, the research explored whether current EMDR training is “fit for purpose.“ A comprehensive model for EMDR training is outlined, proposing the importance of developing more EMDR training in academic institutions.
Keywords: Academic Learning Outcome Teaching Training
Accuracy Verified: Yes
116. Foster, S., & Lendl, L. (2002, March). Peak performance EMDR: Adapting trauma treatment to positive psychology outcomes and self-actualization. EMDRIA Newsletter, 7(1), 4-7.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
An expansion of the basic EMDR protocol (Lendl & Foster, 1997) has been developed for enhancing performance in the workplace, to aid in the reduction of performance anxiety experienced by creative and performing artists, and for competition preparation and psychological recovery from injury in athletes. The authors, in their Silicon Valley practices, often witnessed the upsetting, even traumatic effect that layoffs and competitive pressures could have on employees in corporate workplaces. They likewise observed the adverse impact that ‘stage fright’ and audition anxiety could have on actors, dancers, and musicians, as well as the emotionally bruising experience for an athlete who loses a crucial competition. Reasoning that a trauma method such as EMDR could be applied to procrastination, fear of failure, and the reprocessing of actual setbacks, the EMDR Peak Performance protocol was created (Lendl & Foster, 1997).
Keywords: Peak Performance
Accuracy Verified: Yes
117. Foster, S. (2000, August). Peak performance EMDR: Adapting trauma treatment to positive psychology outcomes. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Peak Performance Poster Positive Psychology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
118. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (2001). Peak performance EMDR: Adapting trauma treatment to positive psychology outcomes and self-actualization. Portale Italiano de Psicotraumatologia e Psciopteri.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
An expansion of the basic EMDR protocol (Lendl & Foster, 1997) has been developed for enhancing performance in the workplace, to aid in the reduction of performance anxiety experienced by creative and performing artists, and for competition preparation and psychological recovery from injury in athletes. The authors, in their Silicon Valley practices, often witnessed the upsetting, even traumatic effect that layoffs and competitive pressures could have on employees in corporate workplaces. They likewise observed the adverse impact that ‘stage fright’ and audition anxiety could have on actors, dancers, and musicians, as well as the emotionally bruising experience for an athlete who loses a crucial competition. Reasoning that a trauma method such as EMDR could be applied to procrastination, fear of failure, and the reprocessing of actual setbacks, the EMDR Peak Performance protocol was created (Lendl & Foster, 1997).
Keywords: Peak Performance Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
119. Greenwald, R. (2006, May). The peanut butter and jelly problem: In search of a better EMDR training model. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/18/2008.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The evolution of EMDR training is presented through the lens of the author’s personal experience. Current issues and concerns about EMDR training practices and outcomes are highlighted, particularly regarding trainees’ high dropout rate, inadequate case conceptualization and client preparation, and infrequent, inappropriate, or incorrect use of EMDR. Tentative solutions are proposed, along with a call for data to be gathered on outcomes of the various training approaches, to guide future policy re EMDR training models.[Author abstract]
Keywords: Training Model
Accuracy Verified: Yes
120. Lansing, K. (2003, May). Portraits in healing: A clinical study on outcomes of EMDR in the treatment for PTSD. In Advances in EMDR research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to observe the changes that occurred with five clients diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder through an entire course of treatment that included the use of EMDR. Special interest was given to two points of reference (1) measurements of neurological changes (observed before, during and after EMDR through brain imaging) and, (2) the clients own self report of their symptomology before the utilization of EMDR and then at the end of the segment of their treatment which incorporated EMDR.
Keywords: Police Officers Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
121. Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., & van der Kolk, B. A. (2005, October). Posttraumatic stress disorder treatment outcome research: The study of unrepresentative samples?. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(5),425–436. doi:10.1002/jts.20050.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The authors review sample composition and enrollment data for 34 studies cited in the International
Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) 2000 Practice Guidelines as meeting the Level A
U.S. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) classification for treatment of adult
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and compare data from more recent research. Findings reveal
that many published reports omitted vital data including exclusion criteria and rates, demographics,
and trauma exposure history. Moreover, severe comorbid psychopathology, a common feature of
treatment-seeking individuals with PTSD, emerged as the predominant reason for exclusion across
studies. Subsequently published studies exhibited improved reporting of sample characteristics and
demonstrated comparable outcomes despite inclusion of more diverse trauma exposure samples.
Findings indicate the need for future efficacy research to adopt more comprehensive reporting requirements
and to test the applicability of validated treatments to individuals suffering from as yet
unstudied combinations of PTSD and prevalent comorbid disorders.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
122. Stramrood, C., Paarlberg, K. M., Vingerhoets, A. J., van den Berg, P. P., & van Pampus, M. G. (2012, March). Posttraumatic stress following childbirth: Diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Poster presented at the 70th annual scientific meeting of the American Psychomatic Society, Athens, Greece.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Background: What to do with women who experienced childbirth as so
traumatic that they keep having nightmares, flashbacks and problems
concentrating, who do not want to become pregnant again or demand a
cesarean section at the next delivery? One to two percent of women
suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth,
which may affect mother-child bonding as well as future pregnancies.
Methods: Based on current knowledge from literature, including own
research, an overview will be presented of the prevalence, risk factors,
diagnosis and treatment of PTSD following childbirth. Results: PTSD
is an anxiety disorder affecting 1-2 percent of women after childbirth.
Risk factors include [a] obstetric complications and interventions
(emergency cesarean section, preterm birth), [b] history of psychiatric
problems or depression/anxiety during pregnancy, [c] psychosocial
factors (low coping skills, low social support). Furthermore, 50 percent
of women with PTSD following childbirth also suffers from
postpartum depression. When PTSD is suspected, clinicians can use the
self-report measure Traumatic Event Scale-B to quantify symptoms,
and refer to a psychiatrist/psychologist if necessary. Several studies
indicate that spontaneous remission of PTSD following childbirth is
uncommon. Possible negative consequences of the condition include
insecure attachment of the infant, impaired partner relationship,
avoiding future pregnancies and demanding a cesarean section in a
subsequent pregnancy. Although these possible adverse outcomes
justify treatment and prevention, effective interventions and prevention
strategies have not been adequately researched in this patient group.
International guidelines regarding PTSD in other (non-pregnant)
populations point to eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as the most
promising treatments. Identification of women at risk, both during
pregnancy and postpartum, is key to early intervention and possible
prevention. Conclusions: Posttraumatic stress disorder following
childbirth is a serious condition affecting 1-2 percent of postpartum
women, with higher prevalence rates among women with complicated pregnancies/deliveries and those with a history of mental health issues.
Adequate identification of women at risk and those with clinical
symptoms is key to early intervention and eventually prevention.
Keywords: Childbirth
Accuracy Verified: Yes
123. Zimmermann, E. (2010, June). The potential of EMDR in gynaecology and obstetrics: Special application with infertile women. In Female issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The author of this presentation works as psychologist
and psychotherapist in a clinic in Fribourg/Switzerland in the
department of gynecology and obstetrics. Various applications
of EMDR are used, both in gynecologic and obstetrical outcomes.
A special patient population, namely infertile women
in search of becoming pregnant, are an important part of the
work. The purpose of this presentation is to show the special
approach that E. Zimmermann has developed by working with
infertile women. Infertile women - in opposition to sterile women
- are women with no apparent medical reason why they do
not become pregnant.
These infertile women often pass a particularly long and difficult
phase to get pregnant. They are always disappointed by
the repeated negative outcome of all their efforts to become
pregnant. This is a very difficult phase in the life of the couple
too, and not few couples separate during this phase. Especially
women feel unable being a mother and their self-esteem is very
low. This is why the author has developed a special application
of EMDR to this population. The aim is to cope with the difficulties
related to these different stages. Another purpose is
preparing a desired and possible pregnancy.
Women mostly have very different anamnesis, some also including
trauma. They have in particular a personal pregnancy
or non-pregnancy history, e.g. also abortion. In addition the
medical assistance utilized for getting pregnant is quite different
for every case. Lots of them end up by using fertilization techniques,
which have a low chance of success. This makes it rather difficult for EMDR to treat these women i
a standardized way. The author of this workshop has developed
a flow-chart providing an concept of applying EMDR at different
stages with different types of targets in order to compare
the outcomes.
By working with EMDR and infertile women, it appears that
they become pregnant quicker than what the statistics predict.
There are also women who become pregnant after working with EMDR before they start the fertility-program. This is why
the author prepares a research study to try to figure out if the
EMDR-process can have a positive impact on fertility.
Keywords: Female Issues Gynecology Infertility Obstetrics Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
124. Alley, A., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., & van der Kolk, B. A. (2005, November). Pretreatment attrition in a PTSD comparative treatment outcome study. Poster presented at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, ON.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment attrition represents a considerable problem for effective delivery
of care for PTSD. While treatment attrition during the course of treatment is
well researched, little is known about the factors that affect sample selection
before the beginning of a study. Previous research on other Axis I disorders
indicates that patients may refuse participation more often because of study
medication than because of psychosocial treatment. The present study
examines traits and predictors of pretreatment attrition from a study of PTSD
that compared treatment outcomes for fluoxetine versus EMDR. Potential
study participants were screened over the telephone for study eligibility.
During the telephone screen, a total of 394 people met study eligibility
requirements but declined participation (59% of total eligible participants).
While a variety of factors were cited for declining study participation, consistent
with previous research, refusal of study medication emerged as the pre-dominant reason for pretreatment attrition (49%). Results are discussed in
terms of how treatment preferences and other pretreatment attrition factors
may impact the external validity of comparative treatment outcome studies.
Clinical implications discussed include the potential for pretreatment attrition
factors to interfere with trauma survivors’ ability to seek and obtain effective
treatment
Keywords: Comparative Treatment Outcome Study Poster Pretreatment Attrition Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
125. Lehrer, P. M., Woolfolk, R. L., & Sime, W. E. (2007). Principles and practice of stress management. (3rd. ed.) New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Recent years have seen significant advances in understanding psychosocial stress and its clinical management. Now in a thoroughly revised and expanded third edition, this comprehensive work reviews effective stress management techniques and their applications for treating psychological problems and enhancing physical health and performance. Bringing together recognized leaders in the field to present their respective approaches and demonstrate the nuts and bolts of intervention, the volume is structured for optimal use as a clinical reference and text. All chapters retained from the prior edition have been extensively rewritten, and many new chapters have been added. Part I examines conceptual foundations and describes basic mechanisms of stress and relaxation. Part II, the largest section, covers the full range of methods, including progressive relaxation, hypnosis, biofeedback, meditation, cognitive methods, and other therapies. Each tightly edited chapter: (1) Details the method's history, theoretical underpinnings, and evidence base; (2) Spells out assessment procedures and techniques; (3) Provides step-by-step implementation guidelines; (4) Considers common treatment obstacles and how to overcome them; (5) Discusses strategies for increasing patient motivation and adherence; and (6) Illustrates the method with an in-depth case example. New to the third edition are chapters on mindfulness meditation, neurofeedback, EMDR, breathing retraining, heart rate variability biofeedback, exercise therapy, and Qigong. Finally, Part III explores applications in mental health, behavioral medicine, and sport psychophysiology (another new topic in this edition), shedding light on which approaches are most suitable for particular problems. The concluding chapter reviews the clinical research literature and offers clear recommendations for improving outcomes. This timely, authoritative book is an indispensable resource for clinical and health psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, nurses, and other professionals interested in learning and using stress management techniques. It will serve as a text in graduate-level courses in stress management, behavioral medicine, social work in health care, and related areas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Stress Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
126. Ferrie, R. K. (2004, September). Problems with SSRIs in the treatment of traumatic syndromes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montréal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will focus on the biological and clinical evidence supporting
the notion that depression, dissociation, somatization, and PTSD may be
symptomatic responses to traumatic events which affect the brain. The safety of SSRls and their application for the treatment of PTSD will be
discussed as will the complications arising from their short and long lerm
use. Single system designated case studies, will be used to demonstrate how
treatment with EMDR allows one to arrive at successful outcomes in
trauma spectrum disorders, with or without psychopharmacology.
Keywords: SSRIs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
127. Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Seijo, N. (2010, April). Processing dissociative phobias with EMDR. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The standard EMDR protocol (SP) was designed for the treatment of simple PTSD, and when it´s used on this cases, EMDR is a very powerful therapy. But when SP is applied on complex trauma and dissociative disorders 20% of patients may become de-compensated. The importance of the stabilization phase has been remarked by different authors. The existent proposals are to use interventions coming from different approaches sometimes enhanced with bilateral stimulation. Standard procedures used for simple PTSD must be adapted and modified for working with dissociative disorders. To do this is important to understand from recent research work what we know about the effects of EMDR therapy. We will try to dynamically integrate these features with conceptualizations coming from the EMDR Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP) and the Theory of the Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP) TSDP emphasizes the importance of working with dissociative phobias prior to trauma work. In the stabilization phase the work on the phobia of dissociative parts and of attachment (and the attachment with the therapist) is the most important one. We will show with clinic cases the effect of this intervention on improving internal communication and collaboration and overcoming therapist-patient relationship problems.
Learning Outcomes For those who are not EMDR therapists this workshop will help to understand how EMDR conceptualizes the work in structural dissociation from the Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP). For people who are not expertise on Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP) a brief description of dissociative phobias and their importance in the work with dissociative disorders will be put forward. The assistants will watch videos of therapies with different patients, in which EMDR is applied using dissociative phobias as targets. Differences with ego states therapy without introducing bilateral stimulation and with standard EMDR protocol will be observable in the case-examples and will be explained in detail. This work represents a different way of using EMDR to stabilize the patient and prepare her/him for future traumatic memory processing.
Keywords: Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
128. Greenwald, R., & Schmitt, T. A. (2010). Progressive counting: Multi-site group and individual treatment open trials. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 2(3), 239–242. doi:10.1037/a0019361.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Progressive counting (PC), a variant of the counting method, is a recently developed trauma resolution
procedure that appears to be efficient and well tolerated by clients. This paper reports on the posttreatment,
1 week, and 1 month posttreatment outcomes of 232 participants in 6 countries who experienced
a brief Group PC treatment—average about 5 minutes of exposure—of a minor upsetting memory during
the course of their participation in trauma treatment workshops. Additional posttreatment and follow-up
data is reported on 128 of these participants who experienced a second (untimed) individual PC session
focused on a more significant upsetting memory. The positive and sustained benefit realized from such
a brief dose of PC indicates this treatment’s potential value in individual and possibly group treatment
of trauma and/or loss memories.
Keywords: Exposure Loss Progressive Counting Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
129. Foa, E. (2001, December). Prolonged exposure therapy. Presentation at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In this workshop, Dr. Foa will first present a theoretical account for PTSD and discuss
how the theory informs treatment. She will then provide a brief overview of the efficacy
of empirically validated cognitive behavioral treatments for PTSD. Dr. Foa will begin by
discussing the outcomes of exposure therapy programs and compare those with
outcomes of stress inoculation training, cognitive therapy programs and EMDR. In the
second part of the workshop, she will describe step-by-step how to treat chronic PTSD
with Prolonged Exposure Therapy. The treatment will be demonstrated with videotapes.
Keywords: Prolonged Exposure Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
130. Luber, M. (2012). Protocol for excessive grief. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 129-135. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.129.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
“Protocol for Excessive Grief“ is excerpted from Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations illustrating a scripted protocol from one of Francine Shapiro's 6 basic protocols. “Scripting“ informs and reminds EMDR practitioners of the component parts, sequence, and language used to create effective outcomes, and also generates a template for practitioners and researchers to use for reliability and/or a common denominator so that the form of working with EMDR is consistent. This protocol includes 5 steps: process actual events, including the loved one's suffering or death; process any intrusive images that are occurring; process the nightmare images; process any stimuli/triggers associated with the grief experience; and address issues of personal responsibility, mortality, or previous unresolved losses. The future template is included This protocol addresses the many aspects of grief and mourning to assure the full processing of clients' concerns.
Keywords: Death Grief Intrusive Images Scripted Protocols Unresolved Loss
Accuracy Verified: Yes
131. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Hartung, J. G. (2005, March). Protocolo grupal e integrativo con EMDR: Intervención post-catástrofe para niños y adultos [EMDR integrative group treatment: A postdisaster trauma intervention for children and adults]. Revista de Psicotrauma para Iberoamérica, 4(1), 22-29 .
Language: Spanish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
El Reprocesamiento y Desensibilización a través del Movimiento Ocular (EMDR) por sus siglas en inglés, es reconocido como un tratamiento efectivo y eficiente para tratar asuntos relacionados con trauma. Este artículo describe la aplicación de una intervención grupal con EMDR para niños y adultos traumatizados por desastres naturales en varios países de Latinoamérica. Para ejemplificar la aplicación del modelo, se describe un estudio de campo medido formalmente y nueve proyectos piloto. Los prometedores resultados de esta intervención grupal sugieren que el EMDR es un medio efectivo para dar tratamiento a grandes grupos de personas afectadas por eventos traumáticos en gran escala (desastres naturales, terrorismo). Es necesaria más investigación controlada sobre este tema.
EMDR has been accepted as an effective and efficient approach in the treatment of trauma related issues. A model is described for using an EMDR group intervention for children and adults traumatized by natural disasters in several Latin American countries. To exemplify the application of the model, one formally measured field study and nine pilot projects are described. The promising outcomes of this intervention suggest that EMDR is an effective means for providing treatment to large groups of survivors affected by large scale traumatic events (natural disasters, terrorism, etc.). Anyway, more controlled research about this issue is needed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adolescents Adults Argentines Colombians Natural Disasters Group Psychotherapy Mexicans Nicaraguans Salvadorans School Age Children Survivors Trauma Venezuelans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
132. Stallard, P. (2006, November). Psychological interventions for post-traumatic reactions in children and young people: A review of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(7), 895-911. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.09.005.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Children exposed to a wide range of traumatic events suffer significant post-traumatic reactions. Randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of interventions with traumatised children are described, the limitations of the current literature base identified, and issues regarding the applicability of these findings and interventions to everyday clinical practice discussed. Methodological issues, variations in interventions, parental involvement, theoretical underpinning, and outcomes will be discussed and implications for future studies highlighted. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adolescents CBT Children Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy Literature Review Methodology Parents Posttraumatic Reactions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Preschool Age Children Psychotherapy PTSD Random Control Trials RCT School Age Children Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
133. Gillies, D., Taylor, F., Gray, C., O’Brien, L., & D’Abrew, N. (2012). Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online), 12, CD006726. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006726.pub2.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in children and adolescents who have experienced trauma and has high
personal and health costs. Although a wide range of psychological therapies have been used in the treatment of PTSD there are no
systematic reviews of these therapies in children and adolescents.
Objectives:
To examine the effectiveness of psychological therapies in treating children and adolescents who have been diagnosed with PTSD.
Search methods:
We searched the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review Group’s Specialised Register (CCDANCTR) to December 2011.
The CCDANCTR includes relevant randomised controlled trials fromthe following bibliographic databases: CENTRAL (the Cochrane
Central Register of Controlled Trials) (all years), EMBASE (1974 -), MEDLINE (1950 -) and PsycINFO (1967 -). We also checked
reference lists of relevant studies and reviews. We applied no date or language restrictions.
Selection criteria:
All randomised controlled trials of psychological therapies compared to a control, pharmacological therapy or other treatments in
children or adolescents exposed to a traumatic event or diagnosed with PTSD.
Data collection and analysis:
Two members of the review group independently extracted data. If differences were identified, they were resolved by consensus, or
referral to the review team.
We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for binary outcomes, the standardised mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcomes, and 95%
confidence intervals (CI) for both, using a fixed-effect model. If heterogeneity was found we used a random-effects model. Main results
Fourteen studies including 758 participants were included in this review. The types of trauma participants had been exposed to included
sexual abuse, civil violence, natural disaster, domestic violence and motor vehicle accidents. Most participants were clients of a traumarelated
support service.
The psychological therapies used in these studies were cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), exposure-based, psychodynamic, narrative,
supportive counselling, and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Most compared a psychological therapy to a
control group. No study compared psychological therapies to pharmacological therapies alone or as an adjunct to a psychological
therapy.
Across all psychological therapies, improvement was significantly better (three studies, n = 80, OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.12 to 15.85) and
symptoms of PTSD (seven studies, n = 271, SMD -0.90, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.42), anxiety (three studies, n = 91, SMD -0.57, 95% CI
-1.00 to -0.13) and depression (five studies, n = 156, SMD -0.74, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.36) were significantly lower within a month of
completing psychological therapy compared to a control group.
The psychological therapy for which there was the best evidence of effectiveness was CBT. Improvement was significantly better for
up to a year following treatment (up to one month: two studies, n = 49, OR 8.64, 95% CI 2.01 to 37.14; up to one year: one study,
n = 25, OR 8.00, 95% CI 1.21 to 52.69). PTSD symptom scores were also significantly lower for up to one year (up to one month:
three studies, n = 98, SMD -1.34, 95% CI -1.79 to -0.89; up to one year: one study, n = 36, SMD -0.73, 95% CI -1.44 to -0.01),
and depression scores were lower for up to a month (three studies, n = 98, SMD -0.80, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.13) in the CBT group
compared to a control. No adverse effects were identified.
No study was rated as a high risk for selection or detection bias but a minority were rated as a high risk for attrition, reporting and
other bias. Most included studies were rated as an unclear risk for selection, detection and attrition bias.
Authors’ conclusions:
There is evidence for the effectiveness of psychological therapies, particularly CBT, for treating PTSD in children and adolescents for
up to a month following treatment. At this stage, there is no clear evidence for the effectiveness of one psychological therapy compared
to others. There is also not enough evidence to conclude that children and adolescents with particular types of trauma are more or less
likely to respond to psychological therapies than others.
The findings of this review are limited by the potential for methodological biases, and the small number and generally small size
of identified studies. In addition, there was evidence of substantial heterogeneity in some analyses which could not be explained by
subgroup or sensitivity analyses.
More evidence is required for the effectiveness of all psychological therapiesmore than one month after treatment.Much more evidence
is needed to demonstrate the relative effectiveness of different psychological therapies or the effectiveness of psychological therapies
compared to other treatments. More details are required in future trials in regards to the types of trauma that preceded the diagnosis
of PTSD and whether the traumas are single event or ongoing. Future studies should also aim to identify the most valid and reliable
measures of PTSD symptoms and ensure that all scores, total and sub-scores, are consistently reported.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
134. Peñalba, V., McGuire, H., & Leite, J. R. (2009). Psychosocial interventions for prevention of psychological disorders in law enforcement officers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD005601. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005601.pub2.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Background:
Psychosocial interventions are widely used for the prevention of psychological disorders in law enforcement officers.
Objectives:
To assess the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the prevention of psychological disorders in
law enforcement officers.
Search strategy:
CCDANCTR-References was searched on 12/5/2008, electronic databases were searched, reference lists of review articles and included
studies were checked, a specialist journal was handsearched, specialist books were checked and we contacted experts and trialists.
Selection criteria:
Randomised and quasi randomised controlled trials were eligible. The types of participants were people employed directly in law
enforcement, including police officers and military police, regardless of gender, age and country of origin, and whether or not they
had experienced some psychological trauma. All types of psychosocial intervention were eligible. The relevant outcome measures were
psychological symptoms, adverse events and acceptability of interventions.
Data collection and analysis:
Datawas entered intoReviewManager 4.2 for analysis, but this reviewwas converted toRevMan 5.0 for publication.Quality assessments
were performed. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of studies. Summary effects were
to be calculated using RevMan but no meta-analyses were possible. For individual studies, dichotomous outcome data are presented
using relative risk, and continuous outcome data are presented using the weighted mean difference. These results are given with their
95% confidence intervals (CI).
Main results:
Psychosocial interventions for prevention of psychological disorders in law enforcement officers (Review) 1
Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ten studies were included in the review but only five reported data that could be used. Three of the ten studies were related to exercisebased
psychological interventions. Seven were related to psychological interventions. No meta-analyses were possible due to diversity of
participants, interventions and outcomes. Two studies compared a psychosocial intervention versus another intervention. Three studies
compared a psychosocial intervention to a control group. Only one primary prevention trial reported data for the primary outcomes
and, although this study found a significant difference in depression in favour of the intervention at endpoint, this difference was no
longer evident at 18 months. No studies of primary prevention comparing different interventions and reporting primary outcomes of
interest were identified.
The methodological quality of the included studies was summarised. No study met our full quality criteria and one was regarded as
low-quality. The remainder could not be rated because of incomplete data in the published reports and inadequate responses from the
trialists.
Authors’ conclusions:
There is evidence only from individual small and low quality trials with minimal data suggesting that police officers benefit from
psychosocial interventions, in terms of physical symptoms and psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, sleep problems,
cynicism, anger, PTSD, marital problems and distress. No data on adverse effects were available. Meta-analyses of the available data
were not possible. Further well-designed trials of psychosocial interventions are required. Research is needed on organization-based
interventions to enhance psychological health among police officers.
Keywords: Law Enforcement, Officers Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
135. Bloomgarden, A., & Calogero, R. M. (2008, October-December). A randomized experimental test of the efficacy of EMDR treatment on negative body image in eating disorder inpatients. Eating Disorders, 16(5), 418-427. doi:10.1080/10640260802370598.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is being used
by some clinicians to treat eating disorders. Although there is anecdotal
and case study data supporting its use, there are no controlled studies
examining its effectiveness with this population. This study examined the
short and long-term effects of EMDR in a residential eating disorders
population. A randomized, experimental design compared 43 women receiving
standard residential eating disorders treatment (SRT) to 43 women receiving
SRT and EMDR therapy (SRT+EMDR) on measures of negative body image and other
clinical outcomes. SRT+EMDR reported less distress about negative body image
memories and lower body dissatisfaction at posttreatment, 3-month, and
12-month follow-up, compared to SRT. Additional comparisons revealed no
differences between the conditions pre to posttreatment on other measures of
body image and clinical outcomes. The empirical evidence reported here
suggests that EMDR may be used to treat specific aspects of negative body
image in conjunction with SRT, but further research is necessary to
determine whether or not EMDR is effective for treating the variety of
eating pathology presented by eating disorder inpatients.
Keywords: Clinicians Eating Disorders Eating Disorder Inpatients Negative Body Image
Accuracy Verified: Yes
136. Blore, D. C. (2009, March). The range and diversity of post traumatic growth following EMDR for involvement in a road traffic accident. Symposium conducted at the 7th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Manchester, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper is a further progress report (see Blore, Farrell & Clifford 2008; Blore
2007) on data analysis from N=12 interviews from an Interpretative
Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) study into Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) following
successful EMDR treatment. The second round of hermeneutic analysis identified eight
categories of PTG outcomes. Five of the categories: New Directions in Life; Enhancement of
Social Development; Enhancement of Personal Development; Appreciation of Life and
Spiritual & Philosophical Development, are consistent with the five factor analysis categories
of the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI)(Tedeschi & Calhoun 1996). The remaining
three categories are: Development of ‘Success Heuristic’; Expression of Positive Emotions;
and Growth Aspirations which can be seen as yet-to-be-attained PTG. One implication of
these categories is that positive outcomes of EMDR are consistently being under-reported in
the scientific literature simply because evidence-based practice is focussed solely on
reducing negative symptomatology.
Keywords: Diversity Motor Vehicle Accident Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
137. Vickerman, K. A., & Margolin, G. (2009, July). Rape treatment outcome research: Empirical findings and state of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(5), 431-448. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.004.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reviews empirical support for treatments targeting women sexually assaulted during adolescence or adulthood. 32 articles were located using data from 20 separate samples. Of the 20 samples, 12 targeted victims with chronic symptoms, 3 focused on the acute period post-assault, 2 included women with chronic and acute symptoms, and 3 were secondary prevention programs. The majority of studies focus on PTSD, depression, and/or anxiety as treatment targets. Cognitive Processing Therapy and Prolonged Exposure have garnered the most support with this population. Stress Inoculation Training and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing also show some efficacy. Of the 4 studies that compared active treatments, few differences were found. Overall, cognitive behavioral interventions lead to better PTSD outcomes than supportive counseling does. However, even in the strongest treatments more than one-third of women retain a PTSD diagnosis at post-treatment or drop out of treatment. Discussion highlights the paucity of research in this area, methodological limitations of examined studies, generalizability of findings, and important directions for future research at various stages of trauma recovery. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Cognitive Therapy Drug Therapy Epidemiology Exposure Therapy Females Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
138. Stern, L. L., & Grey, E. (2010, September/October). A recipe for health: Combining expressive arts with EMDR in the treatment of eating disorders. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eating-disordered clients begin treatment with a series of
unique and specific behavioral symptoms such as binge
eating, bingeing and purging, starving themselves, or overexercising,
that impede progress when using purely verbal
therapies. The research team has found that the
combination of expressive arts techniques and EMDR
treatment can be highly effective in overcoming these
impediments. This poster will briefly review basic
knowledge and practice concerning the major eating
disorders and their etiologies. We will then describe our
therapeutic process that combines expressive arts with
EMDR. This process includes (1) preparation of the client
for EMDR treatment through the use of expressive arts
techniques done in between sessions at home, (2) the use
of client drawing and writing as targets when they appear
to be a useful tool, (3) the use of a mirror exercise with
BLS as a resourcing tool to address, desensitize and help
the client reformulate body image distortion and body
hatred, and (4) the reiniorcement of gains from
reprocessing through the use of expressive techniques
throughout treatment. This poster describes these
additions to and modifications of the EMDR protocol with
expressive arts techniques, as well as the results of a pilot
experiment that compares outcomes for clients treated
with expressive arts approaches, with and without EMDR.
Keywords: Eating Disorders Expressive Arts Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
139. Dameshek, L. A. (2008). A recommended process for developing a prototype of a software tool incorporating dual focus of attention with bilateral stimulation to enhance academic outcomes. Prescott College, AZ. AAT 1457010.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychological intervention that combines bilateral stimulation and dual focus of attention to help subjects with various emotional conditions restructure traumatic memories in a brief yet effective treatment. This technique has been employed to help individuals visualize new concepts for creative purposes when prior emotional experiences block the individual's ability to perform desired tasks. The current research hypothesizes that bilateral stimulation and dual focus of attention could be valuable in educational scenarios, and it explores the design and prototype of a computerized tool that includes a similar combination of practices within an automated training system to test whether this could be an efficient and effective tool for teaching individuals complex or troubling material.[Author Abstract]
Keywords: Dual Focus Eye Movement Software
Accuracy Verified: Yes
140. Spokes, T., Hofmeyr, M., & Hopkinson, P. (2011, August). Reducing distress following assault in the workplace. Nursing Times, 107, Online Issue 9; Nursing Times.Net. Retrieved from http://www.nursingtimes.net/reducing-distress-following-assault-in-the-workplace/5033506.article on August 9, 2011.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Nurses working in inpatient mental health settings report high rates of assault and psychological morbidity. Psychological debriefing is the main form of post-incident support, yet its efficacy has been widely questioned.
Aim: To determine whether eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is effective in reducing the psychological distress experienced by nurses after an assault at work.
Method: Four participants experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms following a workplace assault completed between three and five sessions of EMDR. A multiple-baseline, case series design was used, and quantitative and qualitative outcome data were collected.
Results: The results showed a clinically significant reduction in the level of emotional distress associated with traumatic memories, avoidance and intrusion symptoms between the pre and post-treatment data collection points for all participants. There was also an increase in the strength of belief in positive coping cognitions concerning the event following EMDR therapy in all participants. These improvements were maintained at one-month follow-up for three of the four participants. The study results did not show a reduction in general psychological distress.
Conclusion: The value of EMDR as a form of post-incident support lies in its alleviation of specific post-traumatic stress symptoms, rather than in improving general psychological wellbeing. The data must be interpreted with caution, but the positive outcomes suggest the need for further case series research, or a more controlled design with a larger sample.
Keywords: Mental Health Post-Incident Support Workplace Assault
Accuracy Verified: Yes
141. Mosquera, D., Gonzalez, A., & Seijo, N. (2010, April). Relational problems in severely traumatized patients. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A practical workshop focused on frequent clinical situations in therapy. Its main goal is help the participants to identify relational patterns based on reciprocal role procedures, in order to be able to overcome therapist-patient difficulties. A brief therapeutic exposure about different theoretical sources will be presented: Cognitive-Analytic Therapy, Adaptive Information Processing Model and EMDR, Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality, Attachment Theories, psychodynamic transference-countertransference conceptualizations, and therapies focused on relational issues (systemic family therapy, psychodramatic group therapy, etc) Vignettes of frequent reciprocal role procedures in therapeutic relationship with severely traumatized people will be presented, explained the different kinds of presentation. The linking of these vignettes with the traumatic history will be developed. Short video-cases will illustrate these situations and some interventions to overcome them. Modified EMDR interventions will be described and showed.
Learning Outcomes Therapeutic relationship problems are main issues in severely traumatized people. Different authors coming from different theoretical orientations have presented thoughtful approaches to these situations and how to overcome them. In this workshop we will review many of these contributions, but we will base our theoretical development on the concept of reciprocal role procedures from the Cognitive Analytic Therapy (Ryle). From this concept we will summarize frequent relationship problems in therapy, how we conceptualize them from the Adaptive Information Processing model from EMDR and how we work on these issues using EMDR methodology. An additional learning outcome of this workshop is that the participants will review their own experience with their patients through a specific evaluation, and will have the opportunity to share their experiences.
Keywords: Relationship Issues Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
142. Largo-Marsh, L. K. (1996). The relationships among expectancy, hypnotizability, and treatment outcome associated with eye movement desensitization in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI. AAT 9636868.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Two treatments: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) or structured writing sessions. A standardized diagnostic interview was used to screen subjects and provide diagnosis and symptom profile at intake and one-month follow-up. Standardized self-report measures were used to assess treatment outcomes. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences between the two treatments. Both treatments were effective in significantly reducing post-traumatic symptoms at post-test and follow-up, although slightly different patterns were evident. EMDR subjects tended to evidence a larger reduction in symptoms immediately after treatment, while subjects assigned to the writing condition evidenced more gradual improvement, which continued between post-test and follow-up periods. Measures of subject expectations regarding treatment effectiveness revealed no statistical correlation to treatment outcome. Similarly, hypnotic susceptibility was found to be unrelated to the effectiveness of either treatment. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Empirical Study Hypnotic Susceptibility Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Therapeutic Writing Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
143. Holmshaw, M., Hodder, K. I., & Carswell, J. W. (2009, April). The relative efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and EMDR in treating psychological trauma resulting from road traffic accidents. Presentation at the annual British Psychological Society Conference, Brighton, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objectives: Following road traffic accidents (RTAs) psychological problems are common and can cause long-term disability. Whilst both trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have proved successful in treating such problems there is currently no clear evidence supporting one treatment over the other. Previous comparisons of these treatments have been based on small samples. The present research aimed to explore the relative efficacy of CBT and EMDR in treating psychological trauma resulting from RTAs in a large sample.
Design: Patients who had previously been involved in an RTA were referred to a psychological rehabilitation provider and received treatment with either CBT or EMDR by accredited therapists. The treatments were compared on drop-out rate number of sessions required for completion of treatment therapist rating of success and a number of widely used psychometric measures which were administered at assessment and again at the end of treatment.
Methods: A total of 1179 referrals were made of which 435 met the inclusion criteria and proceeded to treatment. These patients presented with a range of psychological trauma symptoms resulting from RTAs which had occurred an average of 21 months previously. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was diagnosed in 51 per cent of patients with the remaining patients presenting with travel anxiety depression general anxiety and other psychological conditions. Outcomes were assessed in the whole sample and separately for those with a diagnosis of PTSD.
Results: No differences emerged between the treatments on any outcome measure both for patients diagnosed with PTSD and for those with other trauma-related symptoms. Both CBT and EMDR resulted in large improvements in self-rated symptoms as assessed using the psychometric measures and in both groups over 80 per cent of cases were rated by the therapist as successful or having made good progress by the end of treatment. The CBT group required an average of 9.1 sessions and the EMDR group required an average of 9.9 sessions. Reliable change indices showed that over 80 per cent of patients made clinically significant improvements in both treatment groups.
Conclusions: In conclusion both CBT and EMDR proved to be effective treatments for psychological trauma resulting from RTAs but no differences emerged between them in terms of efficacy patient compliance and number of sessions required. Psychological trauma following RTAs is eminently treatable in the community when treatment is offered by trained CBT or EMDR therapists.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Road Traffic Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
144. Cooper, G. (2008, March-April). Replicating Milgram. Psychotherapy Networker, 32(2), 13-16.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Stanley Milgram's classic
experiments in the 1960s
demonstrated that ordinary
people would - with
encouragement from
authority figures - give
escalating electric shocks to
innocent people so painful
that the subjects, who were
actually in league with the
researchers, would scream
in pain. Some critics have
dealt with Milgram's
troubling findings by
pointing out that his
studies have never been
replicated, making it easier
to treat his outcomes as a
possible anomaly or even
slipshod research. But they
continue to haunt us.
Keywords: Efficacy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
145. Wheeler, K. (2010, September/October). Research EMDR in your practice. Presentaion at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Research in EMDR practice is critically important in determining the ‘value’ of EMDR to clients, insurers, policymakers, the general public and ourselves. This presentation will provide the EMDR clinician with levels of evidence; the elements of the research process; the how, when and where to measure outcomes; and components of a time-series case study design. Comparing the client’s own to the scores at different points in time to themselves is considered a bona fide research design that makes an empirically valid case study worthy of publication. Resources and opportunities available to the budding EMDR researcher are examined. Research consultation for your project will be available by members of EMDRIA's Research Committee from 12:15pm to 1:15pm in the same room after this presentation.
Keywords: Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
146. Wheeler, K. (2011, August). Research EMDR in your practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Research in EMDR practice is critically important in determining the ‘value’ of EMDR to clients, insurers, policymakers, the general public and ourselves. This presentation will provide the EMDR clinician with levels of evidence; the elements of the research process; the how, when and where to measure outcomes; and components of a time-series case study design. Comparing the client’s own scores at different points in time to themselves is considered a bona fide research design that makes an empirically valid case study worthy of publication. Resources and opportunities available to the budding EMDR researcher are examined.
Keywords: Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
147. Wheeler, K. (2012, October). Research EMDR in your practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Research in EMDR practice is critically important in determining the ‘value’ of EMDR to clients, insurers, policymakers, the general public and ourselves. This presentation will provide the EMDR clinician with levels of evidence; the elements of the research process; the how, when and where to measure outcomes; and components of a time-series case study design. Comparing the client’s own scores at different points in time to themselves is considered a bona fide research design that makes an empirically valid case study worthy of publication. Resources and opportunities available to the budding EMDR researcher are examined.
Keywords: Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
148. Sikes, C., & Sikes, V. (2005). A response to May’s commentary on ‘A look at EMDR: Technique, research and use with college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 19(3), 75-79. doi:10.1300/J035v19n03_08.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The present article is a response to R. May's commentary (see record 2005-03961-005) on our original article: "A Look at EMDR: Technique, Research and Use with College Students" (see record 2003-10645-005). May points out the controversial nature of the research on EMDR, and we agree. We continue to hold, however, that EMDR is a promising treatment for use in college counseling centers with short-term therapy models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Brief Therapy College Students Comment Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Techniques PTSD Outcomes Reply Research Technique Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
149. Greyber, L., Dulmus, C. N., & Cristalli, M. E. (2009, October). A review of EMDR intervention studies with children. Poster presented at Society for Psychotherapy Research European Conference, Bolanzo, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Dating back to 1987, Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a comprehensive treatment
approach theoretically founded in cognitive, behavior, experiential, hypnotic, systems, and
psychodynamic therapies. Although the use of EMDR with adults has received much attention
throughout the past two decades, research is lacking in the area of randomized controlled trials testing
the efficacy and effectiveness of EMDR with children. This presentation reviews all EMDR randomized
controlled trial studies conducted with children from 1998 to 2008 and summarizes outcomes,
methodological approaches and limitations, as well as recommendations for future research. Research
indicates that EMDR may be a promising treatment for children experiencing PTSD symptoms, or other
residual traumatic effects from distressing occurrences. Although promising, research warrants more
RCTs with a higher level of methodological rigor in order to test the effectiveness and efficacy of EMDR
with children. The clinical utility of EMDR implemented with children is questionable until further
research ensures that the benefits to children greatly outweigh risks.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
150. Lansing, K. (2013, September). The rite of return: Coming back from duty-induced PTSD. High Ground Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
The Rite of Return: Coming Back from Duty-Induced PTSD is written for men and women in law enforcement, first response, and the military who are struggling with duty-induced PTSD. In a field-guide format, it presents an overview of a proven treatment approach adapted specifically for this population. The book offers clear teaching on PTSD and its effects on the brain. It also provides practical training in containment techniques for increased control of symptoms and motivation for battling the tendency to isolate. The successful case outcomes described throughout the book give substantive hope for recovery from PTSD. The message throughout is that duty-induced PTSD cannot be resolved in isolation or by reading self-help books.
The author’s depth of knowledge and scope of experience evident in every chapter draws the reader confidently into places where the clinical generalist cannot tread. Karen Lansing’s understanding of duty-induced PTSD goes beyond a simply clinical perspective. She has been trained in public order, ridden extensively on patrol, done 48-hour tours of duty with firefighters, and has resided and trained alongside special weapons teams on military bases. She has “kitted up” and been stuck into flashpoint sectors in “exotic places” with tactical advisors in troubled regions.
The benefits emerging from that cross-pollination of disciplines are apparent in the author’s respect and understanding of the specific clinical needs of Warriors and Rescuers. It's seen in her identification of and clinical protocol for the treatment of a rare but deadly post-shooting symptom that she refers to as transitory shooter's apraxia. The benefits are also clearly seen in the clinical outcomes of those featured in this book.
The Rite of Return presents a powerful argument that PTSD need not lead to an end of mission or tour of duty, or to a lifelong injury. Instead, case account after case account indicates that Lansing's treatment approach leads to quite the opposite: officers consistently emerging stronger. These outcomes are confirmed throughout the book by the testimony of SPECT brain images before and after treatment. Accompanying them are accounts of subjects after treatment responding successfully to incidents very similar to those that had culminated in their PTSD. These unsung heroes recovered, becoming more competent, more tactically skilled and more mentally resilient than they had been prior to its time-limited, but significant, intrusion into their lives.
Reading between the lines of this book, it's apparent that careers and lives have been saved because of the author’s innovative approach. Her only regret is that so many have been lost to the devastation of untreated or ill-treated, duty-induced PTSD. The publication of The Rite of Return couldn’t be better timed.
Keywords: Containment Techniques Duty-Induced PTSD Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Transitory Shooter's Apraxia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
151. Smyth, N. (2003, August). Role of exposure in EMDR treatment of PTSD. Presentation at 111th the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A standard treatment for anxiety disorders involves exposing clients to anxiety eliciting stimuli. Some theorists have argued that exposure is an essential element in the successful treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are two therapeutic approaches that have been identified as efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. It has been proposed that exposure is the active element in all effective treatments for PTSD, including EMDR. This presentation will address various issues that should be considered in evaluating this proposal. Theories underlying exposure therapies will be summarized and differences between process and mechanism will be discussed. Brief overviews of EMDR and exposure therapies will be provided. Video clips of treatment sessions with exposure therapy and with EMDR will be shown, to illustrate the differences in treatment approaches, clinical focus, and client experience. Shared and unique components will be identified. The use of exposure in EMDR and its possible contribution to treatment outcome will be examined. Unlike prolonged exposure therapy, EMDR uses extremely brief repeated exposures (i.e., 20-50 seconds). Instead of continual and uninterrupted exposure, EMDR repeatedly interrupts the client's focus. Exposure therapy typically maintains a focus on the targeted incident, while EMDR uses a free association process to elicit other related material. Research has shown that high levels of anxiety during sessions of exposure therapy typically predict good outcome with that modality; however in successful EMDR treatment, the client's distress is substantially reduced during the session. Suggestions will be made for future research to identify and investigate mechanisms of action in exposure therapy and EMDR.
Keywords: Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
152. Mize, S. (2002, February). The role of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the interdisciplinary treatment of low sexual desire women. Presentation at the American Psychological Association Public Interest Directorate; Women's Programs.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Low sexual desire disorder is the most common sexual dysfunction in women. There is no standard definition for "normal" sexual desire and there are many factors that can influence it, hence, low desire can be one of the more difficult sexual dysfunctions treat. Given its inherent complexity, it frequently requires interdisciplinary assessment and treatment. The present symposium is an attempt to share our model for the treatment of this widespread and yet, poorly understood dysfunction. One component of the complexity of low sexual desire is its correlation with other difficulties, for example, PTSD, depression, anxiety, relationship disturbance, physical illness, and life stress. Another one of these concerns is childhood sexual abuse. EMDR has been used very successfully to resolve the trauma associated with sexual assault as well as sexual dysfunctions. We will illustrate the use of EMDR with a woman presenting with low sexual desire and a history of sexual abuse. EMDR methodology will be described. The use of EMDR for abuse recovery as a method of resolving low desire will be discussed. We will explore a number of important therapeutic issues including: (1) fundamental questions of responsibility, control and safety as they relate to sexual abuse and ultimately sexual desire in the current relationship; (2) individuation from partner and perpetrator, barriers to this process and the impact on sexual desire of successful differentiation; and (3) repression of anger and the concomitant physical manifestations. In addition, we will discuss the collaboration with both sexual medicines and psychiatry around modulation of medications to maximize treatment outcomes with EMDR.
Enhancing Outcomes in Women's Health: Translating Psychosocial Behavioral Research Into Primary Care, Community Interventions, and Health Policy; American Psychological Association
[American Psychological Association Public Interest Directorate; Women's Programs].
Keywords: Females Inhibited Sexual Desire Low Sexual Desire Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: No
153. Lanius, U. (2012, October). Science & practice: Attachment, dissociation and EMDR. Presentation at the 29th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Long Beach, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is a powerful integrative psychotherapeutic intervention. However, in the case of disrupted attachment and significant dissociative symptoms EMDR can be destabilizing if used early on in treatment. That is, fragmentation of self and dissociative symptoms commonly interfere with information processing, thus barring the integration and resolution of the traumatic experience through EMDR. Dissociation interferes with clients sense of their own body, their ability to experience emotion, their capacity for emotional regulation and their sense of self. Addressing dissociative symptoms prior to proceeding with EMDR treatment is essential for positive treatment outcomes.
A neurobiological model is described that guides therapeutic interventions and integrates diverse approaches that include not only EMDR and relevant target selection, but also mindfulness, body therapy approaches, ego-state interventions, sensory integration, as well as neurobiologically based interventions. Such interventions can be used both in the preparation phase but can also form useful interweaves during EMDR information processing.
Using a neurobiologically informed approach, the case is made for the use of somatic and ego-state interventions when dissociation is a significant part of the clinical presentation. Specific focus is on different ego-state and body therapy interventions to increase awareness of the self and ones body. Body therapy and somatic interventions are distinguished from other psychotherapeutic interventions in that they are expressed in markedly slowed-down time, in order to give clients ample time to experience the felt sense of their bodies. Similarly ego-state work can be utilized to titrate information processing, as well as provide clients with internal resources that aid in enhanced information processing.
Attendees will gain knowledge about possible underlying neurobiological processes with regard to attachment, dissociation and adaptive information processing and how this relates to EMDR treatment. The workshop will teach specific interventions intended to stabilize clients, create safety, help the client stay connected or get reconnected and therefore minimize dissociative symptoms and their effect. Participants will learn how to effectively integrate different somatic and ego-state interventions in the treatment of attachment and trauma related syndromes and dissociative disorders, as well as how to enhance information processing during the EMDR treatment. The workshop also will discuss innovative use of opioid antagonists in the treatment of dissociative symptoms with a particular focus on EMDR.
Learning Objectives:
Attendees will gain knowledge about possible underlying neurobiological processes with regard to attachment, dissociation and adaptive information processing and how this relates to EMDR treatment.
Participants will learn how to effectively integrate different somatic and ego-state interventions in the treatment of attachment and trauma related syndromes and dissociative disorders, as well as how to enhance information processing during the EMDR treatment.
The workshop will teach specific interventions intended to stabilize clients, create safety, help the client stay connected or get reconnected and therefore minimize dissociative symptoms and their effect.
Keywords: Attachment Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
154. Edmond, T., Sloan, L., & McCarty, D. (2004, July). Sexual abuse survivors’ perceptions of the effectiveness of EMDR and eclectic therapy. Research on Social Work Practice, 14(4), 259-272. doi:10.1177/1049731504265830.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: This article examines survivor perspectives of the effectiveness of two different treatments for trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse -- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and eclectic therapy. Method: Qualitative interviews obtained in the context of a mixed-methods study were conducted with 38 adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Results: Two major differences in outcomes between the two treatment approaches were observed. There were considerable distinctions between the two treatment groups in terms of the importance and effect of the client-therapist relationship, and in terms of the depth of change reportedly caused by the different therapies. Conclusions: Survivors' narratives indicate that EMDR produces greater trauma resolution, while within eclectic therapy, survivors more highly value their relationship with their therapist, through whom they learn effective coping strategies. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Depressive Disorders Empirical Study Females Individual Psychotherapy Mixed Methods Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
155. Klaff, F., & Dutton, P. (2004, September). The short and the long of it: Crisis versus routine treatment of children and adolescents. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR techniques with children following crisis will be demonstrated drawing from interventions developed directly at international disaster
sites. The nature of immediate intervention with dramatic trauma problems will be addressed in terms of treatment goals, techniques and
outcomes. Safety preparation skills using interactive safe place and a quick phobia protocol to clear prior problems will be taught. This approach will be contrasted with more routine treatment for past trauma and resistant family system problems. Clinical issues will be analyzed with videotaped cases treated both in childhood and later in adolescence.
Repetitive themes and unresolved issues will be highlighted. The evolution of therapist experience with resultant refinement of treatment skills will be discussed.
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
156. Kinowski, K. (2002, June). A somatosensory anchoring of confidence using EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will present a treatment protocol that is specifically aimed at finding and strengthening a somatosensory basis for confidence
to help clients deal with recurrent difficulties. Short sets of slow eye movements are used. Participants will see video illustrations of different sections of the protocol and review in session outcomes with follow-up report by clients that suggest a generalization towards increased resilience. Participants will also learn the conjectured theoretical underpinnings of
the protocol in terms of neurophysiological processes and relationship attachment issues. This treatment protocol does not replace the standard EMDR protocol but may be used as an adjunct or as a stand alone therapy
for mild to moderate range GAF problems.
Keywords: Confidence Somatosenory Anchoring
Accuracy Verified: Yes
157. Taboada, M. J., & Baragaña, M. (2010, April). Some tecniques for emotional regulation with EMDR. Poster presented at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The poster will present in graphic vignetes diferent tecnics which will described several intervention with EMDR usig instalation and procesing elements.
Learning Outcomes
The aplications the EMDR in complex trauma cases needs a carefully planned stabilitation phase. Emotion des-regulations is a frequent problem in this clinical group. To improve self-regulation abilities is a very important aspect to develop before proceeding with trauma procesing. The
Keywords: Emotional Regulation Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
158. Adler-Tapia, R., Settle, C., & Onsager, D. (2004, September). Staying true to the model: Using the 8 phases of EMDR with children 2-10 years of age. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This half-day workshop focuses on how staying true to eight phases of
the EMDR model will result in successful treatment outcomes with children
ages 2-10. Participants will be provided with specific and creative bilateral
techniques to use with children, and methods for identifying a
child's PC, NC, VOC, and SUDS. Skills to utilize with children to further
facilitate processing, including cognitive interweaves and resource
installation techniques will be demonsuated. In addition, the efficacy of
utilizing a parent co-therapist model will be established.
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
159. Barol, B. I., & Seubert, A. (2010). Stepping stones: EMDR treatment of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and challenging behavior. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), 156-169. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.4.156 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Trauma and its ensuing accommodations, including challenging behaviors, have been a growing consideration
for practitioners working with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).
Recognizing the importance of one’s client’s trauma history, practitioners are seeking effective methods
of providing therapy to IDD clients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related
diagnoses. In this exploratory study, using a multiple single case study design, six individuals with IDD
and known trauma histories were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
The researchers employed the standard EMDR protocol, adapting it when necessary to accommodate the
needs of each participant. Outcomes provide preliminary evidence that EMDR may be an effective method
of trauma treatment for clients with intellectual abilities, pointing to EMDR as a treatment with potential
for facilitating healing from trauma with IDD clients.
Keywords: Autism Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
160. Kitchur, M. (1999, June). Strategic EMDR for immediate treatment gains and optimal, transformative outcomes. Prsentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Treatment Gains
Accuracy Verified: Yes
161. Kitchur, M. (1999, June). Strategic EMDR for immediate treatment gains and optimal, transformative outcomes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) a rapid comprehensive approach for mapping of client history; 2) the rapid formulation of a developmental hypothesis that facilitates strategic identification and prioritizing of EMDR targets; and 3) strategic/hypnotic/Eriksonian language that bypasses resistance and engages even the most resistant clients in the above identified therapeutic plan.
Keywords: Client History Client Resistance EMDR Targets
Accuracy Verified: Yes
162. Leeds, A. M. (2000). Strengthening the self: Principles and procedures for creating successful treatment outcomes for adult survivors of neglect and abuse. Andrew M. Leeds, Ph.D., Santa Rosa, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Keywords: Abuse Adult Neglect Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
163. Patterson, G. T., & Chung, I. ([2010]). Stress management training and development programs for police officers and recruits. Oslo, Norway: The Campbell Collaboration. Retrieved from www.campbellcollaboration.org on 2/10/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Background and objective of this review (briefly describe the problem and the
intervention): A body of knowledge exists that identifies sources of police stress, categories of
stress, and the strategies officers and recruits use to cope with stress. It is generally agreed upon
that stressful work and life events can have a negative impact on police officers and recruits that
can be quite pervasive. Consequently, law enforcement organizations provide a wide variety of
interventions to help officers manage stress. The most common intervention is training to help
officers recognize the warning signs of stress, and to use individual coping strategies. However,
little is known about the efficacy of the wide range of interventions given to police officers and
recruits. The objectives of this systematic review are to: assess how stress management and
officer development programs are evaluated; examine conceptual differences in interventions;
explain variations in interventions; build the connection between the body of knowledge that
describes sources and types of police and recruit stress, and interventions; discover reasons for
conflicting training effects; and synthesize what is known and not known about the impact of
different study designs, research methods, interventions, and data analysis procedures on
outcomes.
Keywords: Policemen Recruits Stress Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
164. Otto, M. W. (2003, May). Summary and Comment: Keeping an eye on EMDR efficacy for PTSD. Journal Watch Psychiatry, 3.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Recent years have witnessed claims that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), which combines aspects of exposure and cognitive therapy with therapist-directed eye movements, is a fast and effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. To examine this claim, researchers randomized 60 outpatients with PTSD to undergo eight 90-minute sessions of prolonged exposure, EMDR, or relaxation training. Treatments were manual-based; blinded evaluators assessed outcomes directly after treatment and after 3 months.
Keywords: Efficacy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
165. Mendes, D. D., Mello, M. F., Ventura, P., Passarela, Cde. M., Mari, J. de J. (2008). A systematic review on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry Medicine, 38(3), 241-259. doi:10.2190/PM.38.3.b.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most common psychotherapy approach for the treatment of PTSD. Nevertheless, previous reviews on the efficacy of several types of psychotherapy were unable to detect differences between CBT and other psychotherapies. The purpose of this study was to conduct systematic review on the efficacy of CBT in comparison with studies that used other psychotherapy techniques. Method: Databases were searched using the following terms: posttraumatic stress disorder/stress disorder, treatment/psychotherapy/behavior cognitive therapy, randomized trials, and adults. Randomized clinical trials published between 1980 and 2005 and that compared CBT with other treatments for PTSD was included. The main outcomes were remission, clinical improvement, dropout rates and changes in symptoms. Results: The 23 clinical trials included in the review comprised 1,923 patients: 898 in the treatment group and 1,025 in the control group. CBT had better remission rates than EMDR (RR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.16; 0.79; p = 0.01) or supportive therapies (RR = 0.43; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.74; p = 0.002, completer analysis). CBT was comparable to Exposure Therapy (ET) (RR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.58; 1.40; p = 0.64), and cognitive therapy (CT) (RR = 1.01; 95%CI: 0.67; 1.51; p = 0.98) in terms of efficacy and compliance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that specific therapies, such as CBT, exposure therapy and cognitive therapy are equally effective, and more effective than supportive techniques in the treatment of PTSD.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Comparative Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Systematic Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
166. de Heer, E. W., & Hoogeveen, E. M. (2009). Taxing working memory during recall of distressing memories with a counting task and EMDR benefits. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Dit experiment is gebaseerd op de hypothese dat de omvang van de EMDR-effecten kritisch hangt af van de mate waarin het werkgeheugen (WM) is belast tijdens het ophalen. De deelnemers deden herinneren aan pijnlijke herinneringen tijdens het uitvoeren van een van de twee afleidende taken (terugtellend met stappen van 2 of 7), het ene meer, afhankelijk van WM dan de andere. Hoe meer WM was belast, de grotere verlagingen van de levendigheid en emotionaliteit werden verwacht. De uitkomsten werden vergeleken met een controle conditie. Terugtellend met stappen van 2 of 7, terwijl we een verontrustende autobiografisch geheugen in het achterhoofd, verlaagt de emotionaliteit van het geheugen dat met name in vergelijking met het tellen van helemaal geen. De verlaging van de 7's staat, echter niet significant afwijken van de verlaging van de eenvoudige (dwz 2's) staat. Kortingen voor levendigheid werden niet gevonden. Deze resultaten ondersteunen het werkgeheugen account. Er is echter meer onderzoek nodig om de dosis-respons relatie tussen WM-load en EMDR-effecten en tot een beter begrip van de elementaire onderdelen van EMDR te krijgen verklaren.
This experiment is based upon the hypothesis that the magnitude of the EMDR effects critically depends on the degree to which working memory (WM) is taxed during retrieval. Participants did recall distressing memories while performing one of two distracting tasks (counting backwards with steps of 2 or 7); the one more depending on WM than the other. The more WM was taxed, the larger reductions in vividness and emotionality were expected. The outcomes were compared to a control condition. Counting backwards with steps of 2 or 7, while holding a distressing autobiographical memory in mind, decreases the emotionality of that particular memory compared to no counting at all. The reduction in the 7’s condition, however, did not differ significantly from the reduction in the simple (i.e. 2’s) condition. Reductions for vividness were not found. These results do support the working memory account. However, more research is needed to explain the dose-response relation between WM-load and EMDR-effects and to get a better understanding of the elementary components in EMDR.
Keywords: Retrieval Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
167. Mevissen-Renckens, L. (2008, August). Trauma and trauma therapy (EMDR) in people with ID. Symposium presented at the 13th World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, Cape Town, South Africa.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Aim: People with ID might be particularly vulnerable to significant
life events and at high risk to develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
In the general population EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing) is an evidence-based trauma treatment method. On
small-scale EMDR is used in people with ID and seems to be efficacious
and not placing a load on clients. However research on PTSD
and EMDR in this population is missing so has to be done. Method:
Research on the relationship between life events en mental health
problems in people with ID is listed and analysed. The findings are
compared with the outcomes of single case studies on clients with ID,
treated with EMDR.
Results: Correlational and retrospective analyses
of case files consistently show an association between life events on
one hand and behaviour problems and depression on the other hand.
The only prospective study that is found indicates a causal relationship.
EMDR treatment effects also suggest a causal relationship
between mental health problems and being exposed to overwhelming
events. Conclusions: Further research is necessary to develop evidence
based assessment and treatment procedures for people with ID
who suffer from complaints due to traumatic experiences.
Keywords: ID Intellectual Difficulties Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
168. Scharloo, A., & Coppens, L. (2010, Apirl). Trauma treatment after sexual abuse for people with developmental disabilities. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociaion Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trauma treatment after sexual abuse for people with developmental disabilities People with disabilities have an increased vulnerability to experience violence and abuse. Also they have more negative experiences in general and are more often treated in an unpleasant manner. They are therefore at greater risk to develop trauma. Beside that they have fewer capacities to cope with traumatic experiences in a healthy way. For a long time it was thought that people with developmental disabilities couldn’t profit from psychotherapy. Still people with developmental disabilities are being told that they can’t get treatment. In this workshop we will show that psychotherapy is very well possible for people with developmental disabilities and we will show how adjustments can be made to the regular approach to meet the special needs of these people. We will explain that to meet these needs a broader scope is necessary which include therapeutic interventions towards key persons and organizations in their lives. We will introduce two women with mental disabilities who both have been sexually abused. We will tell about the therapy in which we used this broader approach (involving parents, group counselor, church) combined with EMDR, solution focused therapy methods, cognitive behavioral techniques and creative techniques.
Learning Outcomes Participants will know that trauma treatment is possible for people with developmental disabilities. Participants will know adjustments can be made to the regular approach to meet the special needs of people with developmental disabilities. Participants will know how to involve key persons from the network of the developmentally disabled client in order to make trauma treatment work well.
Keywords: Developmental Disabilities Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
169. Goldstein, A. J., de Beurs, E., Chambless, D. L., & Wilson, K. A. (2001, June). Treating panic disorders with EMDR. Clinician's Research Digest, 19(6), 3.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Summary comments on: the research which appeared in "EMDR for panic disorder with agoraphobia: Comparison with waiting list and credible attention-placebo control conditions," Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 947-956. In this study, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was superior on some measures to a wait-list control group but no different on any measures from an attention-placebo control group when used to treat clients diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia.
Keywords: Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
170. Wells, A., & Colbear, J. S. (2012, April). Treating posttraumatic stress disorder with metacognitive therapy: A preliminary controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 373-381. doi:10.1002/jclp.20871.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objectives: Exposure, trauma-focused cognitive therapy and eye-movement desensitisation and re-processing (EMDR) are effective treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) producing equivalent outcomes. How might the field advance? One way is to base new treatments on PTSD maintenance mechanisms. A treatment that does this, metacognitive therapy (MCT), underwent preliminary controlled evaluation in this study. Method: Twenty participants aged 18 to 65 years with chronic PTSD were randomly allocated to either a total of 8 sessions of MCT or a delayed treatment control. Measures of PTSD, emotional symptoms, and underlying metacognitive variables were obtained at pretreatment and posttreatment. Patients were followed-up at 3 and 6 months postintervention. Results Statistically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety at posttreatment were observed in the MCT group but not in the control group. Changes were maintained over follow-up. The average number of sessions delivered was 6.4. Eighty percent of patients (intention to treat) met clinical significance criteria for recovery based on the IES. Treatment was well tolerated with only one (10%) dropout. Changes in thought control strategy hypothesized to be involved in the maintenance of PTSD were found. Conclusions: MCT appeared to be a brief treatment producing high recovery rates. The data add to existing uncontrolled evaluations and provide strong justification for future evaluation of this treatment against existing evidence-based interventions. [Abstract from author].
Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Metacognition Metacognitive Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stress
Accuracy Verified: No
171. Wright, S. A., & Russell, M. C. (2013, April). Treating violent impulses: A case study utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with a military client. Clinical Case Studies, 12(2), 128-144, doi:10.1177/1534650112469461.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The growing attention to acts of interpersonal violence and misconduct among military members has accompanied a host of research investigating the nature and causes associated with these behaviors. As such, a robust body of literature exists lending insight into risk factors and clinical presentations associated with anger and aggression; however, such factors are multidimensional and complex, particularly for those suffering with war stress injuries. Furthermore, mental health stigma and treatment compliance with exposure and cognitive-based models, particularly in clients with aggressive presentations, can impact successful outcomes. One active-duty marine was referred to an outpatient mental health clinic for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Four sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) were used to significantly reduce obsessive violent impulses, traumatic grief, and depression. The benefit of EMDR therapy as a treatment for violent impulses is explored. The results are promising, but more research is needed.
Keywords: Military Misconduct Violence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
172. Dohrmann, M. (2009). Treatment effects of EMDR on risk to re-offend by sexual offenders traumatized as children. Colorado School of Professional Psychology, The University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs. AAT 3344547.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This study examined the effects of EMDR (Shapiro, 2002) and DeTUR (Popky, 2005) on three sexual offenders' risk to re-offend. Participants were given pretests and treatment outcomes were measured post treatment and 90 days thereafter using the IES-R (Weiss & Marmar, 1997), the TSI (Briere, 1995), the SOI (Kafka, 1997), the ACUTE 2007 (Hanson, Harris, Scott, & Helmus, 2007), and the Monarch 21 PPG Assessment (Byrne, 2006). The Reliable Change Index (RCI; Jacobson, Follette, & Revenstorf, 1984; as cited by Wise, 2004) was used to measure reliable differences. The results suggest there was no significant change in the level of trauma symptoms; however there was significant change in deviant arousal which lowered the risk level of two offenders. One offender experienced an increase in his risk level due to an increase in trauma symptoms. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Good Lives Model Recidivism Sex Offenders Sexual Deviance Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
173. Tarrier, N., & Sommerfield, C. (2004, Spring). Treatment of chronic PTSD by cognitive therapy and exposure: 5-year follow-up. Behavior Therapy, 35(2), 231-246. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80037-6.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Patients who had taken part in a randomized clinical trial of the treatment of chronic
PTSD by either cognitive therapy or imaginal exposure were reassessed after 5
years. At 5-year follow-up a clear superiority of cognitive therapy over imaginal exposure
emerged, although there had been no difference between the two treatment
groups up to 12 months posttreatment. The cognitive therapy group showed significant
differences on the primary outcome measures: total PTSD symptoms on the
CAPS and percentage of PTSD cases. At 5 years no patients who received cognitive
therapy were diagnosed with full PTSD compared to 29% of those who received
imaginal exposure. All secondary outcomes showed lower scores for cognitive therapy,
of which 3 were significant. Those who were not assessed at 5 years scored significantly
higher on assessment measures, especially avoidance, at posttreatment.
Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy, Posttraumatic Stress Disder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
174. Matthieu, M., & Ivanoff, A. (2006). Treatment of human-caused trauma: Attrition in the adult outcomes research. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(21), 1654-1664.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Attrition or dropout is the failure of a participant to complete, comply, or the prematurely discontinuation or discharge from treatment, resulting in lost data and affecting outcomes. This review of 10 years of adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment outcome literature specific to Criterion A events of human origin examines how attrition is defined and addressed, methodologically and statistically. Of the 13 experimental or quasi-experimental studies, 11 report attrition information. Compared to treatment completers, attriters more often had elevated pretest scores on PTSD and other symptom measures. The characteristics of dropouts given the intentional nature of the traumatic events reviewed in this study are shared to inform clinical practice. Recommendations for consistent methods in examining, analyzing, and interpreting treatment outcome data are also discussed.
Keywords: Attrition Dropout Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Outcome
Accuracy Verified: Yes
175. Institute of Medicine, Committee on Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2008). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An assessment of the evidence. The National Academies Press, Washington, D. C. Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11955.html on 1/16/2009.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This report was commissioned by the Department of Veterans Affairs
(VA) to assess the scientific evidence on treatment modalities for Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD). Reviewing the PTSD treatment
literature dating back to 1980, the year the disorder was first defined
by
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association,
proved to be a challenging task. Assessing the outcomes of treatment
depends entirely upon the self-report of those affected, without “objective”
measures such as laboratory tests or imaging. Treatment modalities
and research methods used in their evaluation have been in continuous
development. The last 30 years have also seen dramatic changes in the way
scientific evidence has been assessed in general with emerging international
standards for conducting systematic qualitative and quantitative reviews
that are quite different from the methods used in the 1980s when research
on the treatment of PTSD began.
In applying a rigorous approach to the assessment of evidence that
meets today’s standards, the committee identified significant gaps in the
evidence that made it impossible to reach conclusions establishing the
efficacy
of most treatment modalities. This result was unexpected and may
surprise VA and others interested in the disorder. Important treatment
decisions for most modalities will need to be made without a strong body of evidence meeting current standards (the committee summarizes clinical
practice guidelines developed by others in the face of this scientific uncertainty).
This overall conclusion of scientific inadequacy is not a clinical
practice recommendation or guideline. It is also not a judgment on the quality
of the research in this field using methods acceptable at the time. The
overall conclusion also adds urgency to the committee’s recommendations
for a more strategic research effort that defines the relevant populations
and subpopulations; develops and tests treatment modalities alone and in
combination, in individual and group formats (for psychotherapy), and of
various intensities and durations; uses the latest and most rigorous methods
for designing and executing study protocols; and follows all study participants
through the end of treatment and for meaningful periods thereafter.
The committee was also struck by the scant evidence exploring some of
the possibly unique aspects of PTSD in veterans. For the most part we cannot
say whether the treatment of PTSD in veterans should be the same as in
civilians, and whether important subpopulations of veterans defined by age,
sex, trauma type, socioeconomic status, educational level, comorbidities,
and brain injury should be treated the same or differently.
The committee could only conclude that well-designed research is
needed to answer the key questions regarding the efficacy of treatment
modalities in veterans. Success will depend on the collaboration of VA and
other government agencies, researchers, clinicians, and patient and veterans’
groups and will further require the continued support and attention of
policymakers and the public. The individuals returning from current conflicts
and now re-entering civilian life with this disorder deserve no less.
Alfred O. Berg, Chair
The committee concludes that the evidence is inadequate to determine
the efficacy of the following psychotherapy modalities in the treatment
of PTSD:
• EMDR
• cognitive restructuring
• coping skills training [Extracted from p. 9).
Keywords: Posttraumtic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
176. Committee on Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Institute of Medicine (2008). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An assessment of the evidence. National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine(IOM), Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
This report was commissioned by the Department of Veterans Affairs to assess the
scientific evidence on treatment modalities for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Reviewing
the PTSD treatment literature dating back to 1980, the year the disorder was first defined by the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, proved to be a
challenging task. Assessing the outcomes of treatment depends entirely upon the self-report of
those affected, without “objective” measures such as laboratory tests or imaging. Treatment
modalities and research methods used in their evaluation have been in continuous development.
The last 30 years have also seen dramatic changes in the way scientific evidence has been
assessed in general with emerging international standards for conducting systematic qualitative
and quantitative reviews that are quite different from the methods used in the 1980s when
research on the treatment of PTSD began.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
177. Fisher, N. (2010, April). Treatment options for combat veterans with PTSD. Poster presented at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In this review I explored the most effective treatment options available for military veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Specifically, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy was examined. Psychotherapy encompassed cognitive behavioral therapy, emotional desensitization and reprocessing and exposure therapy. Pharmacotherapy included selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, novel antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Meta analyses, literature reviews and research experiments formed the basis for the comparisons between treatments. The main findings include that the psychotherapies cognitive behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and the pharmacotherapy selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most superior treatments for veterans with PTSD.
Learning Outcomes
Delegates will learn about the variables which make treating combat veterans with PTSD different than other groups with PTSD. In terms of treatment, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic options will be examined. Delegates will leave the presentation aware of what current research states on treatment efficacy of CBT, EMDR, Exposure Therapy, Antidepressants and Anxiolytics.
Keywords: Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
178. Triscari, M. T., Faraci, P., D’Angelo, V., Urso, V., & Catalisano, D. (2011). Two treatments for fear of flying compared: Cognitive behavioral therapy combined with systematic desensitization or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 1(1), 9-14. doi:10.1027/2192-0923/a00003.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study aimed to test a combined treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), compared with CBT integrated with systematic desensitization, in reducing fear of flying. Participants were patients with aerophobia, who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups in a before- and after-treatment research design. The Flight Anxiety Situations Questionnaire (FAS) and the Flight Anxiety Modality Questionnaire (FAM) were used. The efficacy of each program was evaluated comparing the pre- and post-treatment levels of fear of flying within subjects. A comparison of the post-treatment scores between subjects was also conducted. Results showed the effectiveness of each model with a significant improvement in the examined psychological outcomes in both groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved
Keywords: Air Transportation Phobias Psychotherapeutic Techniques Psychotherapy Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
179. Mosquera, D. (2012, June). Understanding and treating narcissistic and antisocial personalities with EMDR [Personalidades narcisistas y antisociales. Comprensión y abordaje desde EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The
DSM-‐IV
description
of
narcissistic
personality
disorder
focuses
on
the
“overt”
qualities
of
narcissism
(grandiosity,
exploitation,
arrogance,
interpersonal
problems
and
rage)
while
omitting
the
less
obvious
and
more
subtle
“covert”
characteristics
(tendency
to
be
shame
sensitive,
introverted,
vulnerable,
inhibited
and
anxiety-‐prone).
A
core
characteristic
of
narcissism
is
lack
of
empathy.
While
empathy
issues
can
be
present
in
many
people
with
personality
disorders,
there
are
two
personality
disorders
that
are
more
related
with
lack
of
empathy,
and
a
(sometimes
only
apparent)
lack
of
concern
about
the
suffering
that
they
can
cause
in
other
people:
narcissist
and
antisocial
personality
disorder.
Both
types
of
personalities
share
this
self-‐centered
profile.
People
characterized
by
lack
of
empathy
and
selfishness
are
usually
considered
difficult
to
treat
and
poor
candidates
for
psychotherapy
(even
untreatable)
but
many
cases
can
be
treated
effectively
with
EMDR.
Targeting
the
roots
of
the
symptoms
is
crucial
for
an
adequate
case
conceptualization.
A
description
of
different
profiles
characterized
by
self-‐centerness,
selfish
attitude
and
lack
of
empathy
will
be
described
in
this
presentation.
These
aspects
may
be
present
in
abusers
and
victims,
in
overt
or
subtle
presentations.
To
conceptualize
EMDR
therapy
in
these
cases
it
is
important
to
understand
the
pathway
from
early
experiences
to
present
problems.
Narcissism
and
antisocial
features
can
be
final
outcomes
of
a
neglecting
environment,
chronic
abuse
or
excessive
appraisal.
Different
attachment
disturbances
with
primary
caregivers
can
lead
to
lack
of
empathy
and
self-‐centerness.
In
some
cases,
structural
dissociation
is
underlying
narcissistic
or
antisocial
features
that
can
characterize
some
dissociative
parts
of
the
personality.
All
these
aspects
and
the
complexity
of
therapeutic
relationship
in
narcissistic
and
antisocial
personalities
will
be
reviewed
in
this
presentation.
La
descripción
de
la
DSM-‐IV
del
trastorno
de
personalidad
narcisista
se
centra
en
las
cualidades
“externas”
del
narcisismo
(grandiosidad,
explotación
de
otros,
arrogancia,
problemas
interpersonales
y
rabia)
mientras
que
omite
las
características
“internas”
menos
obvias
y
más
sutiles
(tendencia
a
ser
sensitivos
a
la
vergüenza,
introvertidos,
vulnerables,
inhibidos
y
tendentes
a
la
ansiedad.
Una
característica
central
del
narcisismo
es
la
falta
de
empatía.
Mientras
que
los
problemas
de
empatía
pueden
estar
presentes
en
muchas
personas
con
trastornos
de
personalidad,
hay
dos
trastornos
de
personalidad
más
relacionados
con
la
falta
de
empatía
y
la
falta
de
preocupación
(en
ocasiones
tan
sólo
de
modo
aparente)
sobre
el
sufrimiento
que
pueden
causar
en
otras
personas:
el
trastorno
de
personalidad
narcisista
y
el
antisocial.
Ambos
tipos
de
personalidad
comparten
un
perfil
egocéntrico.
Las
personas
que
se
caracterizan
por
una
falta
de
empatía
y
egoísmo,
normalmente
son
consideradas
difíciles
de
tratar
y
malos
candidatos
para
psicoterapia
(incluso
intratables)
pero
muchos
casos
pueden
ser
tratados
de
manera
efectiva
con
EMDR.
Entender
la
raíz
de
los
síntomas
es
crucial
para
una
adecuada
conceptualización
del
caso.
En
esta
presentación
se
realizará
una
descripción
de
diferentes
perfiles
caracterizados
por
egocentrismo,
actitud
egoísta
y
falta
de
empatía.
Estos
aspectos
pueden
estar
presentes
en
agresores
y
víctimas,
de
forma
evidente
o
sutil.
Para
realizar
una
adecuada
conceptualización
de
estos
casos
desde
EMDR
es
importante
comprender
cómo
las
experiencias
tempranas
influyen
en
la
problemática
actual.
Los
rasgos
narcisistas
y
antisociales
pueden
ser
el
resultado
de
un
entorno
negligente,
de
abuso
crónico
o
de
un
exceso
de
elogio
y
refuerzo.
Los
diferentes
problemas
de
apego
con
los
cuidadores
principales
pueden
generar
una
falta
de
empatía
y
una
actitud
egocentrista.
Todos
estos
aspectos
y
la
complejidad
de
la
relación
terapéutica
en
las
personalida
Keywords: Antisocial Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
180. Mosquera, D. (2013, June). Understanding and treating narcissistic personality disorder with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is associated with selfish behaviors and lack of empathy towards others. Patients with this diagnosis show a self-centered profile and a (sometimes only apparent) lack of concern about the suffering that they can cause in other people but this is only part of the picture.
The DSM-IV description of narcissistic personality disorder focuses on the “overt” qualities of narcissism (grandiosity, exploitation, arrogance, interpersonal problems and rage) while omitting the less obvious and more subtle “covert” characteristics (tendency to be shame sensitive, introverted, vulnerable, inhibited and anxiety-prone). All of these aspects may be present in both abusers and victims, in either overt or subtle presentations. In this presentation we will show how to conceptualize and treat different profiles characterized by self-centeredness, selfish attitudes and a lack of empathy from the EMDR perspective.
To conceptualize EMDR therapy in these cases it is important to understand the developmental pathways from early experiences to present problems. Narcissism features can be final outcomes of a neglecting environment, chronic abuse or other adverse experiences. In some cases it can even be related to excessive appraisal. A variety of attachment disturbances with primary caregivers can lead to lack of empathy and self-centeredness. Being able to identify (and reprocess) the etiological experiences at the roots of the symptoms is crucial for an adequate case conceptualization.
All these aspects and the complexity of therapeutic relationship in narcissistic personalities will be reviewed in this presentation linking theory and case examples. Video cases will be shown to illustrate case conceptualization and treatment methods.
Learning objectives:
Narcissism is in many cases a trauma-based disorder. Students will be able to understand Narcissism from a trauma perspective; as a presentation of early complex traumatization.
Special interest will be placed on relevant aspects for the history taking and how present symptoms can be linked to traumatic events (triggers).
Relational difficulties and defenses are key aspects in the treatment of personality disorders and their management will be one of the objectives of this workshop.
Treatment and conceptualization of these complex cases will be explained with the necessary adaptations of the EMDR procedures for narcissism.
Description of how workshop would achieve the learning outcomes:
The theory will be illustrated through case examples. Videos of interviews and clinical sessions will be showed, maintaining an interactive dialogue with the audience, where theoretical concepts will be exemplified and discussed with the participants.
Keywords: Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
181. Wu Pei-Lu, Hsieh Hsin-Yi, Chu Pin-Cheih, & Huang Chao-Hui (2011, August). The use of EMDR to the middle-aged men in taiwan: A case study. Poster presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to explore
treatment outcomes of EMDR in Taiwan.
Through in-depth understanding of clients' subjective experiences and changing
courses throughout the therapeutic process,
this study demonstrated how EMDR
efficaciously helped clients overcome trauma and loss and regain confidence and
vitality.
Keywords: Case Study Men Middle Age Poster Taiwan
Accuracy Verified: Yes
182. Sprang, G. (2001, May). The use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of traumatic stress and complicated mourning: Psychological and behavioral outcomes. Research on Social Work Practice, 11(3), 300-320. doi:10.1177/104973150101100302 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the differential effects of treatment of a complex of symptomatology that includes grief, PTSD, anxiety, and self-esteem by comparing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and guided mourning (GM) treatments. Method: 23 EMDR clients and 27 GM clients completed measures designed to assess psychosocial and behavioral symptoms of loss before and after treatment and at a 9-month-follow-up period. Results: Out of the 5 psychosocial measures of distress, four (State Anxiety, Impact of Event Scale, Index of Self-Esteem, and PTSD) were found to be significantly altered by type of treatment provided, with EMDR clients reporting the greatest reduction of PTSD symptoms. Data from the behavioral measures revealed similar findings. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Cognitive Therapy Empirical Study Follow-up Study Grief Non-Randomized Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Self Esteem Social Casework Survivors Traumatic Bereavement Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
183. Fisher, M. E. (2008). The use of psychoeducation in the treatment of PTSD with military personnel and their family members: An exploratory study from a clinician’s perspective. Social Work Research Methods, Smith College, School for Social Work.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This qualitative study explores clinician’s use of psychoeducation in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with military personnel and their family members. Seven clinicians working with military personnel or in a military setting were asked a series of questions about psychoeducation and its use in the treatment of PTSD. Utilizing interviews, clinicians provided rich and detailed narratives outlining the following questions: (1) Is psychoeducation an appropriate intervention method in the treatment of PTSD? If so, when is it appropriate to use or incorporate psychoeducation in the treatment process with military personnel and/or their family members? and (2) What have been the outcomes in using psychoeducation as a form of treatment for PTSD with individual military personnel and/or their family members? How do you measure the effectiveness of this intervention?
Participants gave descriptive narratives of their experience and outcomes, exploring their meaning and understanding of psychoeducation, its use during the therapeutic relationship as a stand-alone entity or in conjunction with another therapy, and their perceptions on psychoeducation’s effectiveness in the treatment of PTSD. Major findings revealed that psychoeducation was used by all of the participants in this study; however treatment modality, timeframe and settings of use with psychoeducation varied. The data collected from the study supported the need for more research to be
conducted on the effectiveness and best practices of the use of psychoeducation in the treatment of PTSD.
Keywords: Military Psycheducation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
184. Avent, P. (2000, September). Using a person’s religious beliefs to enhance EMDR outcomes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn the importance of addressing religious or spiritial issues; 2) learn how EMDR can interface with religious or spirital beliefs; 3) learn ways that non-clergy therapists can reduce faith-related resistance; 4) review strategy for dealing with common religous issues, fears, spiritual questions, and blocking beliefs; 5) learn to apply a variety of spirital and/or biblical cognitive interweaves; 6) learn how to use EMDR to strengthen positive religious experiences while unraveling destructive ones; and 7) learn how to lead patients in "EMDR prayer" to enhance safe place and to strengthen outcomes.
Keywords: Religious Beliefs Spirituality Biblical Cognitive Interweave Prayer
Accuracy Verified: Yes
185. Greenwald, R., & Shapiro, F. (2010). What is EMDR?: Commentary by Greenwald and invited response by Shapiro. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), 170-179. doi:10.1891/19333196.4.4.170 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Greenwald: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has already been defi ned by at least
one EMDR-focused professional association as inextricably based on Shapiro’s (2001) eight-phase protocol
and adaptive information processing (AIP) model. This commentary argues that given the lack of
data supporting an exclusive preference for Shapiro’s constructs, EMDR’s defi nition should not preclude
legitimate alternative conceptualizations. Since defi nitions may be used for many inclusive and exclusive
purposes with impact on EMDR’s development, dissemination, practice, and reputation, EMDR’s defi nition
should be reconsidered. Shapiro : Greenwald’s arguments and suggested redefi nition are examined in
relation to EMDR research, theory and practice. As evaluated in numerous studies, EMDR is a distinct,
eight-phase integrative psychotherapy approach that consists of numerous procedures and protocols,
which were formulated and are conducted in accordance with the principles of the AIP model. Research
and published clinical case reports have validated both its utility and predictions of positive treatment
outcomes with a variety of populations. Professional implications are explored.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Phase Model Psychotherapy Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
186. Aasen, B. (2007, June). When traumatization continues: The combined use of resource development and installation and EMDR standard protocol in the treatment of children. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Conference, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
When children (or adults) in treatment continue to be traumatized, the general rule is to assure that they are safe from further traumatization, before applying the EMDR standard protocol to these experiences. Stopping traumatization is of course always a primary objective, but it is unfortunately not always possible to do so in a complete fashion. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) can be a viable protocol to use in this type of situation. RDI does however have its limitations, as it does not process trauma.
This paper investigates how the EMDR standard protocol can be adopted to situations of continued traumatization, balanced with the use of RDI. This will be illustrated by a case presentation of the treatment of an 11-year old bullied boy. Video tapes of some of the sessions will be shown. A complete session according to the standard protocol, ending up with SUD=0, VoC=7 can not be obtained with continued traumatisation. However, this presentation will illustrate how SUDs can be lowered in relation to specific situations and how there can be a shift in negative cognitions. The presentation will also show how processing can be alternated with RDI, to increase the client’s ability to cope with the ongoing stressful situation. The combination of RDI and standard protocol resulted in positive treatment outcomes.
Keywords: Children RDI Resource Development and Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
187. Hurley, E. C. (2012, January 27). When veterans come home. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/e-c-hurley-phd/ptsd-veterans_b_1228541.html on 1/27/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
It's important to remember that there are different types of treatments being used for veterans. There are three evidence-based models of psychotherapy that have been deemed efficacious as a category "A" (top rating) in the treatment of adult trauma. They are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Prolonged Exposure (PE). However, each of these forms of therapy has its unique approach in treating trauma. Those differences can affect the outcomes with individuals seeking therapy. If veterans have had a poor experience in treatment they should not be discouraged but rather seek other options. I'll be discussing the therapies and their differences in the future. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Blog Postraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Veterans War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
188. Curry, S. (2007, June). Where protocol meets client: Choices in case conceptualization in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is being increasingly – and successfully – utilized for a broader range of big “T” and small “t” traumas. Research indicates that adherence to the 8-phase protocol and the 3-pronged approach brings about the most successful outcomes in our clients. The problem in their application, however, is frequently “how?” A day in the life of an EMDR therapist can involve a plethora of symptoms: attachment difficulties, anxiety, Phobias, relational dysfunction, dissociation, and mood disorders, to name just a few client presentations. Much confusion and discouragement can arise as the clinician struggles with the variety of client presentations and the awkwardness of learning a significantly different approach to psychotherapy. Consultation experience reveals that it is most often psychotherapy. Consultation experience reveals that it is most often these two factors which bring about the unfortunate discrepancy between the numbers of those who take EMDR training and those who utilize it frequently. By means of a discussion of pre-screening typical and atypical case scenarios and the provision of a decision tree using appropriate resources and specialize protocols, participants will learn a more systematic way to conceptualize their cases. In addition, there will be a summary of frequently asked questions about the course of EMDR therapy garnered from the presenter’s consultees. And guidelines for keeping treatment on a course as common challenges in EMDR present themselves. This workshop is an outgrowth of “Decisions, Decisions ... Forks in the Road in EMDR: What, When and Why” presented at the EMDR Europe Conference in Istanbul and the EMDRIA conference in Philadelphia in 2006.
Keywords: Case conceptualization Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
189. Maxfield, J. L. (2003). A working memory analysis of the dual attention component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario Canada. AAT NQ85018.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This dissertation applied the concepts and predictions of working memory theory to a psychotherapeutic approach, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The overview of EMDR included a description of the treatment, theoretical model, empirical studies, and possible mechanisms of action. The overview of working memory included a summary of concepts and theories, and a comprehensive research review. Seven studies that investigated the related effects of eye movements (EMs) were described in detail. Two experiments were conducted to test predictions from working memory research about the effect of EMs on autobiographical memory. In both Experiments, participants identified 3 negative memories and focused on each for 2 minutes, while simultaneously engaging in 1 of 3 divided attention (DA) conditions: an easy EM task (Slow-EM), a difficult EM task (Fast-EM), and a task with no EM (Control). Measures were pre-post ratings of memory-related image vividness, thought clarity, and emotional intensity. In Experiment 2, participants were also randomly assigned to a focus on image-only or image-thought. Memory recall during Control resulted in significant post-condition increases in all measures, except emotional intensity in Experiment 1. Compared to Control, recall during both Slow-EM and Fast-EM produced significantly smaller scores for image vividness and thought clarity, and, in Experiment 2, for emotional intensity. At post-condition, Fast-EM resulted in significantly lower scores than Slow-EM for image vividness in both Experiments and emotional intensity in Experiment 2. There were no differences in outcomes between focus on image-only and on image-thought. Findings of the current experiments supported a working memory explanation for the effects on visual and thought clarity. The competition of resources during simultaneous EM and memory recall reduced memory quality. The greater degradation of memory components resulting from the more difficult condition, Fast-EM, may be attributed to demands made on visuospatial sketchpad resources. The components of each memory appeared to be linked and to show similar patterns of change, within conditions. Reported levels of pre-task emotional intensity did not predict change in thought clarity and image vividness. Finally, a theoretical application of working memory theory to EMDR was presented and recommendations were made for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 64(10-B), 2004, pp. 5225.
Keywords: Attention Dual Attention Component Empirical Study Eye Movements Short-Term Memory Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
190. Nutting, R. W. (1996, June). Working with couples: The use of EMDR in relationship counseling. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is well recognised that child abuse can result in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in a developing child. One of the outcomes of trauma is the development of irrational, self-denigrating cognitions or beliefs which helps that child survive and protects (that child) from further damage. However, these cognitions can become the overriding beliefs driving behaviour well into adulthood, this providing the basis for much adult behaviour, including behaviour in relationships. Some individuals find relationships traumatic and have difficulty coping with them. If their experience of childhood relationships was traumatic, then entering into any relationship can trigger emotions associated with the earlier trauma. In working with couples over a long period of time it has been found that it is the negative self-referencing cognitions held by one or both (usually both) partners that are responsible for much of the disagreement and dysfunction occurring with the relationship. At first it is the positive interaction between the two belief systems that unites the couple, but it is this same interaction that later becomes negative and eventually causes conflict typically one to two years following marriage. Once the negative cognitions have been identified, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to be successful in being able to resolve the original traumas and to transform negative cognitions into more positive self-referencing cognitions as well as assist in the assimilation of more positive beliefs within each individual, thus producing changed behaviours and a resolution of some major relationship issues. EMDR can be used to empower individuals in a relationship to create the major shifts necessary to enable them to increase the possibility of a more functional relationship.
Keywords: Couples Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
191. Paganini, D., Cimarosti, E., Rossi, I., & Antonini, V. (2012, Novembre). “EMDR livello 1” soddisfazione e ricadute applicative, Eye Moviment Desensitization and reprocessing, ["EMDR level 1" satisfaction and application outcomes, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. Presentazione al Psicoterapia Scuola Mara Selvini Palazzoli, Salice Terme Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Questione: Qual'è il meccanismo dell'EMDR grazieal quale si registra una riduzione dei sintomi dei traumi? Conclusioni: Totale soddisfazione da parte dei partecipanti sia per la rilevanza degli argomenti trattati che per laqualità formativa del corso. Tuttii partecipanti hanno valutato coinvolgente l’esercitazione pratica sia nel ruolo di paziente che in quello di terapeuta, valutando l’efficacia nell’elaborazione del target scelto. La quasi totalità dei partecipanti che hanno applicato la tecnica con i propri pazienti l’ha valutata efficace. Interessante riproporre ilcorso agli allievi. Tutti si sono detti concordi nel ritenere il corso nonsufficiente per una autonoma utilizzazione della tecnica. Prevedere all’interno della scuola un referente supervisor e emomenti diverifica sull’utilizzo della tecnica.
Question: What is the mechanism through which EMDR records a reduction in trauma symptoms? Conclusions: Total satisfaction from the participants and the relevance of the topics covered and the quality of the training course. All the participants evaluated engaging hands-on practice is in the role of patient and in the therapist, and the effectiveness in the development of the chosen target. Almost all of the participants who applied the technique to their patients has evaluated effectively. Interesting to repeat the course the students. They were all agree the course nonsufficiente for an autonomous use of the technique. Provide a contact person within the school supervisor and emomenti diverifica use of technology.
Keywords: Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes