Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. マギーフィリップス（田中究、穂積由里子、浅田雅子（翻訳） [Maggie Phillips (Tanaka Kiwamu, Hozumi Yuriko, Asada Masako (translators)] (2002). 最新心理療法―EMDR・催眠・イメージ法・TFTの臨床例 [単行本] [Finding the energy to heal: How EMDR, hypnosis, TFT, imagery, and body-focused therapy can help resolve health problems]. 東京：春秋社。 392 pp [Tōkyō: Shunjūsha. 392 pp.].
Language: Japanese
Format: Book
Abstract:
マギー・フィリップス著 ; 田中究監訳 ; 浅田仁子,穂積由 最新心理療法: EMDR・催眠・イメージ法・TFTの臨床例 Saishin shinri ryōhō: Īemudīāru saimin imējihō tīefutī no rinshōrei 春秋社
A groundbreaking book that applies the principles of energy psychology and medicine to mind/body healing. Eastern healing focuses on correcting imbalance so that qi (life force energy) can flow freely again. This book proposes that various therapies can similarly address energies in mind/body systems and restore health. These tools can open inner, healing pathways that have been frozen by stress, trauma, and unresolved developmental issues.
Keywords: Body-Focused Therapy Hypnosis Imagery TFT Thought Field Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Paulsen, S. (2012, October). 31 secrets of the embodied self: Hearing baby’s story in EMDR for trauma in implicit memory. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR targeting relies on explicit memory images and verbalization of cognitions, but attachment trauma is held in the right hemisphere’s implicit memory. Any therapy purporting to treat attachment trauma must meet four criteria (Fosha) (Objective 1). This workshop draws from ego state therapy, somatic therapy, and the Early Trauma protocol of EMDR (Paulsen, in press, O’Shea & Paulsen, 2007) to provide a range of techniques to meet the Fosha criteria (Objective 2). Efficient resolution of attachment injuries can occur through temporal integration, targeting time periods instead of explicit memory (O’Shea & Paulsen, 2007, Paulsen, 2009 and in press) (Objective 3).Transforming early trauma requires listening to reenactment material, the baby state’s only “voice” to tell the non-verbal story.
Keywords: Embodied Self Implicit Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment (2001, April). Alert: EMDR - Psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people - early assessment briefs. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU).
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
Findings by SBU Alert,
Version: 1,
METHOD AND TARGET GROUP:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
PATIENTS BENEFITS, RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS:
Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS:
There are no economic assessments of EMDR. Limited data suggest that fewer treatments are needed to achieve the desired outcome with EMDR compared to other psychotherapeutic methods. This suggests that EMDR is a potentially cost-effective method in relation to the alternatives, under the assumption that the effects of treatment are permanent.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE:
There is moderate* scientific evidence to show the benefits of EMDR treatment in children and adolescents. There is no* documentation concerning the cost-effectiveness or effects beyond 6 months.
Since the scientific documentation is limited, the effects of EMDR treatment in both the short and long term should be compared in studies with other treatment alternatives, including standard treatment. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the method should be studied under Swedish conditions.
*This assessment by SBU Alert uses a 4-point scale to grade the quality and evidence of the scientific documentation. The grades indicate: (1) good, (2) moderate, (3) poor, or (4) no scientific evidence on the subject.
This summary is based on a report prepared at SBU in collaboration with Kerstin Bergh Johannesson, Lic. Psychol., Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala and has been reviewed by Prof. Mats Fredriksson, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
REFERENCES:
1.) Cahill SP, Carrigan MH, Frueh BC. Does EMDR work? And if so, why? A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):5-33.
2.) Chemtob CM, Nakashima J, Hamada R, Carlson J. Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related PTSD: a field study. J Clin Psychol, in press.
3.) Chemtob et al. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In: Foa EB, Keane TM, Friedman MJ, eds. Effective treatments for PTSD. New York: Guilford, 2000.
4.) Devilly GJ, Spence SH. The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorders. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):131-57.
5.) Lovett J. Small Wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: Free Press, 1999.
6.) Macklin ML, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Berry NJ, Orr SP, Pitman RK. Five-year follow-up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat-related post traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2000;41(1),24-27.
7.) Puffer MK, Greenwald R, Elrod DE. A treatment outcome study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized children and adolescents. Presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Denver, June 1996.
8.) Renfrey G, Spates CR. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A partial dismantling procedure. J Behav Ther Experiment Psychiatr 1994;25:231-239.
9.) Scheck MM, Schaeffer JA, Gilette CS. Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. J Trauma Stress 1998;11:25-44.
10.) Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures. New York: Guilford Press, 1995.
11.) Stallard P, Velleman R, Baldwin S. Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents. BMJ 1998;317:1619-1623.
12.) Soberman GB, Greenwald R, Rule DL. A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. J Aggression Maltreatment Trauma, in press.
13.) Tinker RH, Wilson SA. Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with children. New York: Norton & Co, 1999.
14.) van der Kolk B. Biological response to psychic trauma. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York: Plenum Press, 1993:25-33.
15.) van der Kolk B, Burbridge J, Susuki J. The psychobiology of traumatic memory; clinical implications of neuroimagery studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997;821:99-113.
16.) van Etten M, Taylor S. Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 1998;5:126-144.
17.) Wilson SA, Becker LA, Tinker RH. Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65(6):1047-1056.
18.) Wilson SA, Tinker RH, Hoff.
Alert is a joint effort by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), the Medical Products Agency, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Federation of Swedish County Councils.
The complete report is available in Swedish only.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Guidelines PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Tibaldi, M. (1996, June). Analytical psychology and EMDR: “active imagination” and “eye movements” in Jungian practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In this paper I shall be talking about the integration of eye movements in Jungian analysis.
I am going to open my paper with a short historical premise, in order to frame Carl Gustav Jung's analytical
psychology within the broader context of depth psychologies; then I shall be describing the most important concepts of
Jungian model and the methodology of active imagination, explaining, to the end, through a short clinical example, the
reasons why I have been induced to integrate 'eye movements' and 'active imagination' in the analytical setting, to process,
in particular, 'opaque' somatic symptoms.
The aim of this paper is to point out, on the one hand, the surprising affinity among some aspects of the Jungian
model, EMDR and the results of contemporary neuro-scientific trauma researchs and to show, on the other hand, the
synergic effect of eye movements and active imagination in enlightening and unconscious sufferings.
Keywords: Analytical Psychology Jung
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Lu, D. P., Lu, G. P., & Lu, W. I. (2007). Anxiety control of dental patients by clinical combination of acupuncture, bi-digital o-ring test, and eye movement desensitization with sedation via submucosal route. Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research, 32(1-2), 15-30 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The data presented in this article was collected after reviewing clinical findings gathered from using various anxiety control methods on apprehensive patients. We examined clinical applications of the eye movement (EM) component of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) on fearful dental patients who have histories of traumatic dental experiences. We also used Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT) to select the proper dosage of sedative to minimize the adverse side effects. For patients who did not respond well to EM, we used BDORT to select the proper sedative medication and its dosage. In certain difficult cases, we supplemented these techniques with acupuncture to augment the sedative effects. Findings were based on the clinical impressions and assessments of both the patients and the operating team. Results showed that EM, although effective in enabling patients to undergo non-invasive dental procedures such as clinical examination and simple prophylaxis, had only limited beneficial effect with invasive procedures such as extraction, drilling, and injections, etc. We also found that BDORT greatly reduced adverse side effects of sedatives such as hypertension, hypotension, hypoxia, tachycardia, bradycardia, nausea, and vomiting. For most apprehensive patients, we found that EMD and acupuncture combined with BDORT predetermined dosage for the submucosal sedation enabled these patients to undergo the complete dental treatment. The authors try to explain the mechanism of BDORT and EM in terms of visual awareness (or consciousness) and preferred patterns, where neurons in the brain respond to the actions and/or direction of movement. The authors believe that BDORT and EM could have better results if the persons performing BDORT have visual awareness and are focused on the task; whereas in EM, the patient's eye on the therapist's hand movements. A more focused approach via visual pathway will result in more favorable results in EM. Likewise, performing BDORT absentmindedly could lead to false results if visual awareness (or consciousness) is absent. "Preferred pattern" will arouse neurons in the brain to cause conscientiousness, and performing BDORT with 'open eyes' arouse the necessary visual awareness that is necessary for the successful performance of BDORT tasks
Keywords: Acupuncture Anxiety Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Dental Phobic Patients Pharmacological sedation Preferred Patterns Visual Pathway
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Cohn, L. (1994, March). Art therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
New modes of thempy, before they are completely tried and defined,
challenge the professional status quo as well as our individual skills and
preconceptions. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR)presents just such a challenge: the method, barely three years old, has
shown excellent results in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), but is as yet incompletely documented, and the reasons for its
success remain open to speculation (Shapiro, 1989). Even so, only by
continually exploring new techniques can art therapists adjust to advances
in mental health care.
Keywords: Art Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, W. (2007). Assessment of psychophysiological stress reactions during a traumatic reminder in patients treated with EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 15-23. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.15.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study investigates changes of stress-related psychophysiological reactions after treatment with EMDR. 16 patients with PTSD following type I trauma underwent psychometric and psychophysiological assessment during exposure to script-driven imagery before and after EMDR and at 6-month follow-up. Psychophysiological assessment included heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during a neutral task and during trauma script listening. PTSD symptoms as assessed by questionnaire decreased significantly after treatment and during follow-up in comparison to pretreatment. After EMDR, stress-related HR reactions during trauma script were significantly reduced, while HRV indicating parasympathetic tone increased both during neutral script and during trauma script. These results were maintained during the follow-up assessment. Successful EMDR treatment may be associated with reduced psychophysiological stress reactions and heightened parasympathetic tone. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Germans Manual-Based Treatments Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Zangwill, W. (1995, June). Beyond the basics: Conceptual issues and advances in using EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop is designed for those comfortable with the basics of using EMDR. We shall discusses the importance of developing
a conceptual framework in which to view the patient and his/her life experiences. Though any framework could potentially be used,
the one we shall use is that of Jefiey Young's Schema-Focused Cognitive therapy. This workshop is too brief to go deeply into
Jeff's work so let me give you some references. (Books: 1)Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema Focused Appoach,
Professional Resource Exchange, Sarasota, F1, (813) 366-7913 Or 2) Reinventing Your Life, Young and Klosko. Jeff can be reached
at the CTC of NY (212) 717-1052). I would like to begin by presenting an overview of how I see the case conceptualization
enhancing the effectiveness of EMDR. Next I want to present a case illustrating the points I am going to make. Then, for the
remaining two thirds of the presentation, I would like us to share our experiences of cases using either this or your own framework.
Why conceptualize the case? Why not just treat the trauma directly? Because I assume that it is the interaction of the events a
person has experienced and the way in which they have interpreted, experienced and stored them that is most important in
determining the amount and kind of pain that remains. If you took a group of 100 people who had been in serious accidents, were
assaulted, etc. They will not all respond the same to the experience. Thus, I think that it is vitally important to "map" each patient's
own idiosyncratic set of vulnerabilities, his/her schemas or life themes.
One of the ways I do that is by attempting to combine all of the information that I obtain in the first few sessions. This would
include history taking, any paper and pencil measures I use, e.g., Lazarus' Multimodal Life History Questionnaire (Research Press,
Champagne, IL.); Young's Schema Questionnaire (Jeffrey Young, Cognitive Therapy Center of New York), and my experience of
the client in session. My assumption is that we all have specific vulnerabilities. In Young's system such issues as Emotional
Deprivation - the feeling that we shall never receive the kind of caring we need - Abandonment, Mistrust/Abuse, Defectives,
Vulnerability, Subjugation, Entitlement, etc., are assumed to be organizing themes around which memories and experiences are
stored. (Use 'Types of Fruit' metaphor here.)
Once you have identified these underlying vulnerabilities and life themes, educating patients as to the role of these early maladaptive
schemas in their present life difficulties is quite usefull in a variety of ways. First, is its explanatory power. One of the problems
clients often present is the pain of the event itself their subsequent reactions. How many of us have heard from our clients
variations on the theme of "What's wrong with me that this is still bothering me? It happened years ago; how come I'm still
overreacting?" Explaining that often the event was/is so painful because it taps into a whole series of memories (the childhood file
folders that Francine talks about in Level I), frequently increases clients' ability to understand their emotional reactions and reduces
their tendency to blame themselves. Second, it alerts you and the client to look for other examples in the past that might be
thematically connected and to be aware of situations in the future that might be troublesome. For example, imagine a client who
suffered a tremendous loss as a chlld through the death of a parent, divorce, etc. Through your interviews and data collection, you
realize that the issue of abandonment is a very pow& for them. Naturally, you would want to use EMDR to clean out any past
experiences connected to abandonment. However, you should anticipate that situations involving future separation will need to be
addressed. How will they react when their spouse goes on a business trip? The conceptualization around this theme alerts you and
the client to be aware of these issues. Also, it can be very helpfull in your couples work.
Take the example of the spouse that gets upset about over his wife's upcoming business trip. (Knowing that sometimes the upset
shows itself prior to the trip and sometimes it is only after they return that the spouse feels punished). Without knowledge of these
underlying schemas and life themes, the wife might interpret the husband's upset as a result of jealousy at her success, fear of her
growth, and as being a part of his controlling nature. With these interpretations, her anger and frustration would be understandable.
How differently might she respond if she saw his difficulty in her leaving as reflecting his fear of losing her and being abandoned
once again. Might this interpretation allow both of them to respond in ways helpful to the relationship?
With this brief background, let me present a case and show you how these issues fit together and how by conceptualizing the case
accurately I was able to provide better treatment. After if I finish this presentation, I want to open the floor to your comments and
questions. I would then like to propose that we take the remaining time for you to present your own cases that illustrate either the
usefulness of the conceptualization you did or the problems you ran into when you didn't.
Case # 1
Case discussion. Case presentations and discussion by participants.
Keywords: Conceptual Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Keller, B., Stevens, L. C., Boyce, K., Lui, C., & Murray, J. (2011). Bilateral eye movements and EEG coherence during positive memories: Implications for PTSD and EMDR. Presentation at the American Psychological Association Conference, Washington, DC.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of bilateral eye movements in the processing of long-term emotional memories, especially as it pertains to the treatment method for PTSD known as EMDR. EMDR utilizes methods similar to cognitive therapy and exposure but also employs saccadic eye movements to facilitate the treatment. The saccadic eye movements are theorized by Shapiro and others to decrease emotional valence and vividness of episodic memories allowing for easier reprocessing. There remains some disagreement as to the actual role and importance of the saccadic eye movements as well as to the neurological effects of EMDR.
This study used EEG power-spectral analysis and measures of interhemispheric coherence on 30 individuals who underwent one of three conditions while recalling positive episodic memories. The 3 conditions were (1) a solid black dot with no eye movement (control), (2) a low frequency color changing dot with no eye movement, and (3) a bilateral eye movement condition simulating EMDR. After a 5’ eyes-open baseline, participants experienced one of the three conditions while recalling a positive memory for five 1’ episodes. After each episode, each participant had 19-channel EEGs recorded while they stared ahead eyes opened. EEG data were noise artifacted, power spectral analyzed, and statistically analyzed for interhemispheric coherence differences between conditions for clusters of frontal pole (Fp), frontal (F), central (C), parietal (P), and occipital (O) electrodes.
ANCOVA analysis of post-treatment coherence values, with baseline values as the covariate, across conditions showed significantly increased Low Beta (12-20Hz) activity in the Frontal region of the brain during the saccadic eye movements condition compared to the low frequency dot condition (p=.012). Also found were significantly increased Low Theta (4-6Hz) coherence values in the Parietal region of the brain in the low frequency dot condition compared to both the eye fixation (p=.017) and saccadic eye movement (p=.022) conditions. Self reports of memory clarity and vividness indicated significantly increased measures across all conditions. LORETA cortical localization analyses revealed Low Beta (12-20Hz) activation during the saccadic eye movements condition occurring primarily in Brodmanns Area 11 (BA11) and Brodmann Area 25 (BA25) and Low Theta (4-6Hz) activation during the low frequency dot condition focused in BA35 and BA36. LORETA neuroimages are presented.
Cortical localizations of increased Low Beta interhemispheric coherence in BA11 (VentroMedial Frontal Cortex) and BA25 (Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex) following bilateral eye movements during the recall of positive memories suggest a synchronization of information processing activities in parts of the frontal cortex involved in planning, reasoning, and decision making (11) and in verbal episodic memory retrieval (25). These functions are consistent with the assigned tasks of review of positive episodic memories in this study. Coincident with this pattern of cortical activation was an obtained increase in memory clarity and vividness during episodic memory retrieval. It is possible that the obtained effects on beta activity were an artifact of eye movements; however, the lack of significantly increased signal coherence at the Fp region and the removal of eye movement artifacts prior to data analysis reduce this possibility. These results provide support for an Interhemispheric Coherence Model as an explanation for the positive effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing of retrieved memories. Additionally, these outcomes suggest that it is the saccadic eye movements, not a repetition of a rhythmic stimulus, that elicits the changes in interhemispheric coherence, and possibly in emotional valence and vividness, highlighting the importance of saccadic eye movements in EMDR.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation EEG Coherence Eye Movements: Positive Memories Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: No
10. Anchisi, R., Guzzi, R., Fernandez, I., Giannantonio, M., & Ziveri, D. (2001, October). Biofeedback measures in EMDR treatment. In Collegium Internationale Activitatis Nervosae Superioris; International Association for Integrative Nervous Functions, Neurobiology of behaviour and Psychosomatics, (pp 141-148). Palermo, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We compared the pre and post therapeutic treatment data using standard EMDR, using a lool such as biofeedback, capable of measuring certain physiologcail parameters in an objective way. The goal was to check variations in the physiological indices and subjective evaluations of well being and discomfort in the subjects.
Some psychotherapists will select subjects using an initial telephone screening followed by a battery of suitable tests. Using such tools, subjects affected by PTSD without comorbidity will be chosen. Independent assessors
will evaluate them again after six weeks (blind design). After this assessment, subjective data will be collected using the SUD scale and objective data will be collected using the SPR, Thermo, Heart Rate, EMG of the biofeedback channels. After exposure the subjects will be randomly assigned to an experimenta1 group, they will be going to meet in six sessions using the EMDR standard protocol and carried out by therapits recognized by the Association EMDR Italy; the other half of the sample will
represent the control group in a waiting list. Once more, all the subjects will be exposed to the trauma, this time listening to the recording of their description of the traumatic event. The SUD and biofeedback values will be then measured again. The comparison of the data of the SUD scale with the data of the biofeedback
channels, in particular the SPR channel, plus the evaluation of the group of independent clinicians using the above-mentioned tests, will provide the co-ordinates for an evaluation (both subjetive and physiological) of the clinical results of the EMDR therapy.
Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Scheck, M. M., Schaeffer, J. A., & Gillette, C. (1998, January). Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(1), 25-44. doi:10.1023/A:1024400931106.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
To study the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized young women, 60 women between the ages of 16 and 25 were randomly assigned to 2 sessions of either EMDR or an active listening (AL) control. Factorial ANOVA interaction effects and simple main effects for outcome measures (Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Penn Inventory for PTSD, Impact of Event Scale, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale) indicated significant improvement for both groups and significantly greater pre-post change for EMDR-treated participants. Pre-post effect sizes for the EMDR group averaged 1.56 compared to 0.65 for the AL group. Despite treatment brevity, the posttreatment outcome variable means of EMDR-treated participants compared favorably with nonpatient or successfully treated norm groups on all measures. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Americans Battery Child Abuse Effects Emotional Abuse Females Empirical Study Follow-up Study Incest Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Wesselmann, D. (2013, April). Changing the lives of children with reactive attachment disorder behaviors through EMDR treatment. Keynote presented at the Congress EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many children exhibit severe and challenging behaviors such as aggressive outbursts, arguing and defiance, lying, stealing, and sexualized behaviors due to very early life relational trauma. EMDR Integrative Team Treatment involves family therapy and EMDR. With intervention from family therapy and EMDR Attachment Resource Development, parents can provide better emotional support, allowing their children to open up emotionally. As the EMDR therapist implements therapeutic attunement, storytelling, empowerment interweaves, and role-plays, hurt children can find healing and hope. Videos will supplement this presentation.
Keywords: Children Reactive Attachment Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Grygo, M. (2008). A clinical trial of motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) therapy with conduct disordered adolescent boys. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada. AAT NR35998.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Conduct disorder and other disruptive behaviours represent the most common form of child and adolescent psychopathology referred for treatment by parents and teachers. A number of studies conducted in university research centers have demonstrated meaningful treatment gains especially with preadolescents with conduct disorder. However, studies conducted with older adolescents, especially those with comorbid disorders, as well as studies conducted in community-based clinic settings have been mostly unsuccessful. With a few exceptions, the extant treatments have not made any special effort to address effects of traumatic experiences that research has demonstrated to be very prevalent among conduct disordered children and adolescents. Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) therapy developed by Ricky Greenwald (2002a) has shown promising results in his open trial study. MASTR is a complex treatment approach which addresses several key areas crucial in treating adolescents with conduct disorder: development/enhancement of motivation for treatment, development/enhancement of anger management and problem solving skills, and treatment of past trauma effects. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of MASTR therapy with 10 adolescent boys with conduct disorder placed in a residential treatment facility. This study combined single subject and qualitative research methodologies to offer a detailed look into the implementation and evaluation of MASTR therapy in a residential treatment centre. Foremost, this study demonstrates the formidable problems of conducting treatment research with this population in this kind of setting. Results suggested that, when it can be sufficiently implemented, MASTR therapy may be an effective treatment method producing some meaningful changes in behaviour for some severely disturbed adolescents with conduct problem. The study also demonstrated that EMDR may be an effective treatment for reducing emotional distress associated with past trauma in adolescents with conduct disorder. Factors associated with the limited success of this treatment study are identified and discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 69(1-A), 2008, pp. 109.
Keywords: Adolescent Boys Clinical Trial Conduct Disorder Empirical Study MASTR Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution Therapy Quantitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Lipke, H. (2003, December). Comment on Hembree and Foa (2003) and EMDR. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(6), 573-574. doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000004081.85114.05.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The role of eye movements in EMDR therapy is not yet clear. However, it is clear that Hembree and Foa's uncritical report of evidence nonsupportive of the importance of eye movement, or other sensory/motor activity in EMDR, suggests this is a closed issue, not an open issue as the research actually indicates. This uncritical interpretation by Hembree and Foa poses the danger of unjustly steering scientists and clinicians away from consideration of EMDR as a distinct method of treatment, and of attempting to better understand its mechanism of effect. [Text, p. 573] [Pilots]
Keywords: Comment Letter Professional Criticism Reply Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Morgan, T. (2008, August 27-September 2). Communicating culture. Boise Weekly, 17(9), 11-15.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
There's a technique called EMDR-Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing. It's a simple technique that activates both sides of the brain," [Leslye Boban] explained. The technique has patients focus on their trauma while an external stimulus, like tapping, is applied to the head. "We're combining it with art therapy to help them release traumas without actually having to talk about the trauma. We're working with a counseling group to also do the same technique with the parents, because you can't work with the kids and open them up like that and go home to a chaotic, unstable environment."[Alt-Press Watch]
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Garsen, B. (2005). A comparison of post traumatic stress disorder treatment modalities for adolescents. California State University, Long Beach, CA. AAT 1426939.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore treatment modalities for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for adolescents. This study examined current research on the treatment of PTSD by analyzing the content of books and articles written within the past 10 years.
The study was a descriptive content analysis of currently used treatment modalities for PTSD. Data analysis involved a recursive process in which themes were identified and developed over numerous readings.
The findings of this study indicated that PTSD symptomology was significantly reduced when adolescents were treated with cognitive behavioral methods. Controlled studies were located only for cognitive behavioral interventions. Pharmacological interventions were widely used to treat PTSD symptoms. However, there have been neither controlled nor open-label drug studies conducted regarding this population. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a promising new form of treatment that has yet to be examined in a rigorous manner. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) sometimes exacerbated PTSD symptoms in this population.
The results of the study indicated that more controlled research needs to be generated targeting adolescents with PTSD.
Keywords: Adolescents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Kristjánsdóttir, K., & Lee, C. W. (2011). A comparison of visual versus auditory concurrent tasks on reducing the distress and vividness of aversive autobiographical memories. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(2), 34-41. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.34.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study investigated the benefits of eye movement similar to that used in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on reducing the vividness and emotionality of negative autobiographical memories. It was hypothesized, based on the working memory model, that any task that disrupts working memory would reduce the vividness and emotionality of distressing memories. In addition, it was predicted that the more visual a memory, the greater the reduction in vividness by a concurrent visual task over an auditory task (counting). Thirty-six nonclinical participants were asked to recall an unpleasant autobiographical memory while performing each of three dual-attention tasks: eye movement, listening to counting, or control (short exposure). Results showed that vividness and emotionality ratings of the memory decreased significantly after eye movement and counting, and that eye movement produced the greatest benefit. Furthermore, eye movement facilitated greater decrease in vividness irrespective of the modality of the memory. Although this is not consistent with the hypothesis from a working memory model of mode-specific effects, it is consistent with a central executive explanation. Implications for enhancing exposure treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are discussed.
Keywords: Autobiographical Memory Counting Method Eye Movement Vividness Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Herbert, C. (2012, October). Complex trauma: Road to psychiatric dysfunction or path toward posttrauma growth?. Keynote at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Healthcare service providers, as well as, mental health practitioners, frequently associate the suffering of complex trauma with pathology, mental illness, personality disorders and severe psychiatric dysfunction. Clients are perceived as difficult to treat, interventions are guided by the nature of the psychiatric diagnosis and therapy focuses on crisis management and on helping clients to achieve reductions of symptoms that account for the psychiatric diagnosis. Although symptom reduction can be of great value and importance to sufferers, sole focus on this misses the great potential to engage a person in a transformative process that can lead to considerable inner strengthening, alignment and positive growth, as a result and in spite of their early traumatic experiences. This keynote introduces a shift in perspective away from the traditional focus on psychiatric dysfunction toward a model of positive growth for clients suffering from Complex Trauma and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). It is proposed that development of empathic empowerment of the individual toward greater personal authenticity, honesty, accountability and compassion can open the path toward posttrauma growth. However, in order to achieve such development specific parameters must be fulfilled. These parameters, which include therapist factors, the nature of the therapeutic relationship, an underlying therapeutic framework for working with complex trauma and the guiding principles and ingredients that nurture growth rather than dysfunction, will be outlined and illustrated through the use of client vignettes.
Keywords: Complex Trauma Posttraumatic Growth
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Greenwald, R., McClintock, S. D., & Bailey, T. D. (2012, October). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization & reprocessing (EMDR) and progressive counting (PC). Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is the most effctive (Ho & Lee, 2012) and efficient (Greenwald et al, 2012) of the established trauma treatments and it is well tolerated by clients. However, EMDR is complex, making dissemination challenging and expensive (Greenwald, 2066a). PC is simplet, more qickly learned, and had shown promise in case stuidies (Greenwald, 2008a, 2008b) and open trials (Greenwald & Schmidt, 2010). If PC is comprable to EMDR, then dissemination of top-tier trauma treatment can be more economical.
Keywords: Poster Progressive Counting
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Mazorati, C., & Bonardi, A. (2008, Novembre). Dal DSM IV all’EMDR: Dalla diagnosi psichiatrica alla relazione di aiuto: riflessioni e ipotesi di integrazione [From DSM IV to EMDR: From diagnosis to report psychiatric help: Ideas and assumptions of integration]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Le autrici ,una psichiatra e una psicologa riflettono sulla loro esperienza con EMDR. Prendono lo spunto da due casi di abuso sessuale in famiglia vissute da bambine da due loro pazienti, anche se il motivo iniziale della richiesta di aiuto era stato un altro.
Nel primo caso la paziente si era presentata su richiesta del suo medico curante per la presenza di una sintomatologia depressiva vissuta dalla stessa come “pesante”, “invalidante” e che la portava a voler uscire in fretta dalla situazione depressiva. Rispetto alla sintomatologia si è lavorato in termini di psicoeducazione della depressione come sindrome si è mantenuto un atteggiamento di ascolto e di attenzione ai vari disagi lamentati dalla paziente. Tale modalità nella relazione terapeutica ha permesso alla paziente di “prendere coraggio” e di raccontare il segrete che si portava dentro di un tentativo di abuso che in famiglia era stato negato. Si è quindi Utilizzato l’EMDR per aiutarla a liberarsi dai fantasmi del passato.
Nel secondo caso, la richiesta era di aiuto psicologico per un disagio relazionale non ben identificato, ma che aveva prodotto nella paziente un graduale impoverimento delle risorse, un atteggiamento “depressivo” nei confronti della propria esistenza e nella coppia problematiche sessuali. E’ stata quindi presa in carico la coppia, associato ad un trattamento individuale alla paziente e utilizzando l’EMDR quale strumento atto a risolvere le angosce delle molestie subite.
In entrambe le pazienti, dopo trattamento con EMDR, si è assistito ad cambiamento significativo del tono dell’umore, un aumento della stima si sé , un aumento della loro capacità difensiva e del rispetto verso se stesse, ma soprattutto si è notato una accettazione del passato che, proprio perché ormai le rendeva libere finalmente di vivere il presente con il proprio sé.
The authors, a psychiatrist and a psychologist reflect on their experience with EMDR. Taking the cue from two cases of sexual abuse in the family experienced as children by two of their patients, even if motive of the request for aid was another. In the first case the patient had presented at the request of his doctor to the presence of depressive symptoms experienced by herself as "heavy", "disability" and that led to want to exit quickly from depressive situation. Compared to the symptoms you have worked in psychoeducation for depression as a syndrome has maintained an attitude of listening and attention to the various inconveniences complained of by the patient. This mode in the therapeutic relationship has enabled the patient to "take courage" and to tell the secret that was within an attempt to abuse in the family had been denied. Was then used EMDR to help get rid of ghosts of the past. In the second case, the request was for a psychological relationship distress is not well identified, but the patient had produced a gradual depletion of resources, a attitude "depression" to its own existence and problems in the couple orientation. It 'was then taken over the couple, combined with individual treatment to patient and using EMDR as a tool to resolve the anxieties of the harassment. In both patients, after treatment with EMDR, there has been significant change mood, increased self-esteem is an increase in their defensive ability and respect for themselves, but mainly it was noted that an acceptance of the past, precisely because now finally made them free to live the present with the self.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Egli-Bernd, H. (2012, Januar). Das neue EMDR dialog‐protokoll, die kognitionen und ihre zentrale bedeutung bei der EMDR arbeit mit komplexen problemstellungen [The new dialogue EMDR protocol: The cognitions and their central role in the EMDR work with complex problems]. Präsentation am Institut für Traumazentrierte Therapie und Beratung, Zürich.
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass die erfolgreiche Arbeit mit EMDR häufig wesentlich von der treffenden und
emotional bedeutungsvollen Wahl der Kognitionen abhängt. Die Erfahrung zeigt aber ebenfalls, dass diese
richtige Auswahl oft zur schwierigen Hürde werden kann beim Einstieg in komplexe EMDR‐Arbeit in Phase 3,
und zwar nicht nur für AnfängerInnen, sondern auch für erfahrene EMDR TherapeutInnen.
Dies vor allem dann, wenn der Fokus der Arbeit nicht auf klar definierten klassischen traumatischen
Einzelereignissen, sondern auf komplexen, frühen Lebensthemen liegt. Das Herausarbeiten tiefgreifender,
emotional bedeutsamer Kognitionen fällt bei solchen Themen den Betroffenen oft besonders schwer. Diese
Situation erzeugt häufig Verunsicherung bei den Klienten und Therapeuten und stellt eine Herausforderung
für die erfolgreiche und effiziente Anwendung von EMDR dar.
Mittlerweile ist in der Bindungs‐ und Traumaforschung herausgearbeitet worden, dass frühe Störungen sehr
häufig eine dissoziative Struktur bei den Betroffenen zur Folge haben. Wir müssen also davon ausgehen,
dass es in diesen Fällen auch um eine „subtile“ Dissoziation geht, die sich bei der EMDR Arbeit in Phase 3 u.a.
durch Probleme mit der Erarbeitung der Kognitionen manifestieren kann.
In den letzten Jahren habe ich das EMDR Dialog‐Protokoll entwickelt, das den Umgang mit solch komplexen
EMDR Situationen in der Phase 3 wesentlich erleichtert. Im Oktober 2009 wurde eine Kurzversion meiner
Arbeit zu diesem speziellen EMDR Protokoll im deutschen EMDR Rundbrief veröffentlicht und im August
2011 wird eine englische Übersetzung im EMDR Journal for Research & Practice veröffentlicht.
Der Workshop soll einerseits die Bedeutung der Kognitionen für die erfolgreiche EMDR Arbeit nochmals
klären sowie die dazugehörigen theoretischen Grundlagen aus der Neurobiologie, der Bindungstheorie und
den Theorien der Strukturellen Dissoziation und Ego‐State Theorie zusammenfassen. Sodann wird das
Dialog‐Protokoll im Detail erläutert und mittels Fallbeispielen in der praktischen Anwendung dargestellt.
Ein praktischer Teil des Workshops ist dem Üben von Phase 3 mit dem Dialogprotokoll vorbehalten. Die
TeilnehmerInnen sollen anhand von konkreten eigenen Beispielen die Phase 3 mit Anwendung des Dialog‐
Protokolls üben, um für die Praxis eine auf Selbsterfahrung basierende praktische Erfahrung mitzunehmen.
Es geht dabei um das Erfassen von Phase 3 bis zum VOC, nicht um eine komplette Selbsterfahrung mit
EMDR. Dabei soll die emotionale Relevanz der stimmigen und tiefgreifenden Kognition erfahrbar werden.
Wenn es der zeitliche Rahmen erlaubt, können eigene Fälle zur Diskussion gestellt werden. Der Workshop
soll eine kollegiale Diskussion von Problemen in der EMDR Anwendung ermöglichen und neue Perspektiven
eröffnen helfen.
Experience shows that successful work often with EMDR significantly taken from and
emotionally meaningful choice of cognition depends. But experience shows also that these
Proper selection can often be difficult to hurdle in entering complex EMDR work in phase 3,
and not only for beginners but also for experienced EMDR therapists.
This especially when the focus of the work of non-traumatic on clearly defined classical
Individual events, but on complex, early-life subjects. Working out of profound,
emotionally meaningful cognition falls on such topics stakeholders often particularly difficult. This
Situation often creates uncertainty among clients and therapists and offers a challenge
represents for the successful and efficient use of EMDR
Meanwhile, it has been worked into the binding and trauma research that very early interference
often have a dissociative structure among those affected the result. We must therefore assume
that in these cases, a "subtle" dissociation is, among other things, at the EMDR work in phase 3
may be manifested by problems with the development of cognition.
In recent years I have developed the dialogue EMDR protocol, how to deal with such complex
EMDR situations in phase 3 easier. In October 2009, a short version of my
Work on this specific EMDR protocol in German newsletter published EMDR and in August
2011 an English translation of the EMDR Journal for Research & Practice is published.
The workshop on the one hand the importance of cognition in the successful EMDR should work again
and clarify the related theoretical principles from neurobiology, attachment theory and
summarize the theories of Structural Dissociation and ego state theory. Then, the
Dialog protocol described in detail and illustrated using case studies in practical applications.
A practical part of the workshop is reserved for the practice of dialogue with the Phase 3 protocol. The
By means of concrete examples to own participants, phase 3 of the dialogue with application-
Exercise protocol in order for the practice to bring a hands-on experience based on personal experience.
This involves having to capturing phase 3 to the VOC, not a complete self-awareness
EMDR. It is the emotional relevance of coherent and profound cognition can be experienced.
If it is the time frame allowed to own cases are presented for discussion. The workshop
should enable a collegial discussion of issues in application of EMDR and new perspectives
help open up.
Keywords: Cognitions Dialogue Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Stewart-Grey, E. (2008). De-stress: A qualitative investigation of EMDR treatment. Capella University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3329849.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
There is no qualitative knowledge of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with a sub-clinical stressed population. The vast majority of EMDR research has focused on traumatized populations, leaving a significant gap in what the non-traumatized or sub-clinically stressed clients experience. Sub-clinical stress includes any level of stress that does not meet the DSM-IV-TR criteria for PTSD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived experiences of body sensations, emotions, beliefs, and imagery during EMDR treatment of participants with sub-clinical stress. Participants fit into either a young adult (18-35), adult (36-49), or older adult (50-60) maturity category and did not meet the criteria for PTSD. The sample consisted of 12 participants, from a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States. A qualitative phenomenological design was used to gather data following the EMDRIAs treatment protocol including a final interview asking questions about what the participants experienced in their body, thoughts, emotions, and memory images. The data was analyzed using constant comparative techniques using open coding and will be verified with member check techniques. The results identify five thematic holistic experiences across the participants. The themes of responsibility, safety, choices, power, and value emerged from the data. The results imply that is may be necessary to address all 5 themes for effective stress resolution. Also, the scholarly, clinical, and practical understanding of the Adaptive Information Processing Model concepts of responsibility, safety, and choices manifest in participants lived sensory experiences are now expanded and in need of additional research. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Effects Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Cahill, S. P., Carrigan, M. H., & Frueh, B. C. (1999, January-April). Does EMDR work? And if so, why?: A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 5-33. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00039-5.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Research on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR) was reviewed to answer the questions “Does EMDR work?” and “If so, Why?” This first question was further subdivided on the basis of the control group: (a) no-treatment (or wait list control), (b) nonvalidated treatments, and (c) other validated treatments. The evidence supports the following general conclusions: First, EMDR appears to be effective in reducing at least some indices of distress relative to no-treatment in a number of anxiety conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and public-speaking anxiety. Second, EMDR appears at least as effective or more effective than several nonvalidated treatments (e.g., relaxation, active listening) for posttraumatic stress reactions. Third, despite statements implying the contrary, no previously published study has directly compared EMDR with an independently validated treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (e.g., therapist-directed flooding). In the treatment of simple phobia, participant modeling has been found to be more effective than EMDR. Fourth, our review of dismantling studies reveals there is no convincing evidence that eye movements significantly contribute to treatment outcome. Recommendations regarding further research directions are provided(ScienceDirect).
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Literature Review PTSD Relaxation Therapy Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Ernst, R. (2011, Juli). Effectiviteit van oogbewegingen, klikjes en geen dubbeltaak bij EMDR in een klinische steekproef [Effectiveness of eye movements, clicks and no double task of EMDR in a clinical sample]. Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht.
Language: Dutch
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Een werkgeheugen rekening van Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is op grote schaal ondersteund door laboratoriumonderzoek. Taken die belasting werkgeheugen voldoende Het een traumatische gebeurtenis herinneren terwijl het verminderen van emotionaliteit en levendigheid van traumatische herinneringen. Vaak therapeuten vervangen EMDR-Eye Movements met minder belasten binaurale piept, terwijl de laatste Suggest Sommige onderzoeken zijn inferieur aan oogbewegingen. De huidige studie direct vergelijken oogbewegingen en piept met EMDR in een klinisch monster. In een within-subjects design, 51 patiënten verwezen voor EMDR traumatherapie Hun herinneringen herinnerde tijdens het (a) het maken van gaten horizontale bewegingen, (b) binauraal luisteren naar pieptonen en (c) gericht op een punt (controle). Volgorde van de stimulaties gerandomiseerde WAS Deelnemers en Elke stimulatie over duurde zes minuten. De resultaten toonden aan dat oogbewegingen emotionaliteit en levendigheid van de herinnering reduceert aanzienlijk meer dan de controle, terwijl de emotionaliteit Meer met aanzienlijk minder in de buurt van oogbewegingen dan met pieptonen. Geen significante verschillen in Vermindering van levendigheid en emotionaliteit Beide werden gevonden tussen piept en controle. Hun trauma patiënten gewaardeerd meestal visuele herinneringen, terwijl meer in de buurt van visuele herinneringen significant geassocieerd met een grotere daling van de emotionaliteit en levendigheid met oogbewegingen. De studie ondersteunt Bewijs voor een cumulatief voordeel van oogbewegingen met EMDR. Resultaten worden besproken Deze modaliteit in termen van een specifieke werkgeheugen rekening en klinische implicaties worden besproken.
A working memory account of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been widely supported by
laboratory research. Tasks that sufficiently tax working memory while recollecting a traumatic event reduce emotionality and
vividness of traumatic memories. EMDR-therapists often substitute eye movements with less taxing binaural beeps, while some
studies suggest the latter are inferior to eye movements. The present study directly compares eye movements and beeps with
EMDR in a clinical sample. In a within-subjects design, 51 patients referred for EMDR therapy recollected their trauma
memories while (a) making horizontal eye movements, (b) listening to binaural beeps and (c) focusing on one point (control).
Sequence of stimulations was randomized across participants and each stimulation lasted for six minutes. Results showed that
eye movements reduce emotionality and vividness of the memory significantly more than control, while emotionality reduced
near significantly more with eye movements than with beeps. No significant differences in reduction of both emotionality and
vividness were found between beeps and control. Patients rated their trauma memories mostly visual, while more visual
memories were near significantly associated with a larger decrease of emotionality and vividness with eye movements. The
study supports evidence for a cumulative benefit of eye movements with EMDR. Results are discussed in terms of a modality
specific working memory account and clinical implications are discussed.
Keywords: Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Pagani, M., Hogberg, G., Salmaso, D., Nardo, D., Jonsson, C., Danielsson, A.M., Engelin, L., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S. A., Hallstrom, T., & Sundin, Ö. (2006, September). Effects of EMDR therapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in Post-traumatic stress disorder. Presentation at the European Assocation of Nuclear Medicine Congress, Athens, Greece. European Journal of Nuclear Medical and Molecular Imaging, 33, S169.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a derangement of mood control with emotional trauma recollections that may follow psychological trauma. It is treated with pharmacological and cognitive therapies as well as with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). However, a limited number of studies have been published dealing with job related PTSD, and an even smaller number have assessed the effects of treatment on CBF. The aim of this study was to investigate the short term outcome of occupation based PTSD after EMDR therapy by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT.
Methods Fifteen patients suffering PTSD after having experienced a person under train accident or having been assaulted at work were included into the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed before and after EMDR therapy while listening to a script portraying the traumatic event. Tracer distribution analysis was performed at VOI level using a 3D standardised brain atlas and at cluster of voxel level by SPM and was subjected to an analysis of treatment as well as contrasted to a group of 27 subjects exposed to the same psychological trauma and not developing PTSD.
Results Eleven of 15 patients responded to treatment, i.e. they did no longer fulfil the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD after EMDR. Overall VOI analysis showed significant differences between, both before and after treatment conditions and controls (p<0.05) but no effect of period, i.e. treatment. However, when contrasting responders to controls the significant group difference present after treatment disappeared, indicating a normalization effect due to successful EMDR treatment.
SPM analysis showed significant uptake differences in orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann 11) and temporal pole (Brodmann 38) before as well as after treatment as compared to controls. A significant tracer uptake group difference present before treatment in uncus (Brodmann 36) disappeared after treatment while a significant difference appeared in lateral temporal lobe (Brodmann 21). No tracer uptake differences were found by SPM as an effect of treatment, nor between the 11 responders and controls.
Conclusion Significant 99mTc-HMPAO uptake differences, mainly in peri-limbic cortex, between PTSD patients investigated before and after EMDR and subject exposed to trauma not developing PTSD were found. Differences between the tracer distribution in patients before and after therapy were not significant neither at SPM nor at VOI analyses but the latter showed at group level an effect of symptom remission on tracer distribution. The findings underscore the validity of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders and confirm the efficacy of SPECT in psychiatry.
[EANM]
Keywords: 99mTc-HMPAO Distribution Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Pagani, M., Hogberg, G., Salmaso, D., Nardo, D., Jonsson, C., Danielsson, A. M., Engelin, L., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S. A., Hallstrom, T., & Sundin, Ö. (2006, September-October). Effects of EMDR therapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Presentation at the European Assocation of Nuclear Medicine Congress, Athens, Greece.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a derangement of mood control with emotional trauma recollections that may follow psychological trauma. It is treated with pharmacological and cognitive therapies as well as with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). However, a limited number of studies have been published dealing with job related PTSD, and an even smaller number have assessed the effects of treatment on CBF. The aim of this study was to investigate the short term outcome of occupation based PTSD after EMDR therapy by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. Methods Fifteen patients suffering PTSD after having experienced a person under train accident or having been assaulted at work were included into the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed before and after EMDR therapy while listening to a script portraying the traumatic event. Tracer distribution analysis was performed at VOI level using a 3D standardised brain atlas and at cluster of voxel level by SPM and was subjected to an analysis of treatment as well as contrasted to a group of 27 subjects exposed to the same psychological trauma and not developing PTSD. Results Eleven of 15 patients responded to treatment, i.e. they did no longer fulfil the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD after EMDR. Overall VOI analysis showed significant differences between, both before and after treatment conditions and controls (p<0.05) but no effect of period, i.e. treatment. However, when contrasting responders to controls the significant group difference present after treatment disappeared, indicating a normalization effect due to successful EMDR treatment. SPM analysis showed significant uptake differences in orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann 11) and temporal pole (Brodmann 38) before as well as after treatment as compared to controls. A significant tracer uptake group difference present before treatment in uncus (Brodmann 36) disappeared after treatment while a significant difference appeared in lateral temporal lobe (Brodmann 21). No tracer uptake differences were found by SPM as an effect of treatment, nor between the 11 responders and controls. Conclusion Significant 99mTc-HMPAO uptake differences, mainly in peri-limbic cortex, between PTSD patients investigated before and after EMDR and subject exposed to trauma not developing PTSD were found. Differences between the tracer distribution in patients before and after therapy were not significant neither at SPM nor at VOI analyses but the latter showed at group level an effect of symptom remission on tracer distribution. The findings underscore the validity of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders and confirm the efficacy of SPECT in psychiatry. [EANM]
Keywords: 99mTc-HMPAO Distribution Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Becker, L., Black-Tanski, D., Nugent, N., & Thede, L. (1999, November). The effects of eye movement on the stream of consciousness. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A recent meta-analysis of PTSD treatments (van Etten & Taylor,
1998) found EMDR to be as efficacious as behavioral and drug
treatments. There is considerable controversy, but little research, on
the underlying mechanisms of EMDR. A conditioning model by
Dyck (1993) suggests that eye movements (EM) effect a distraction
from trauma related thoughts, causing an extinction trial.
According to this model, the distraction of EM should cause
thoughts to be directed outward. A psychodynamic model by Allen
and Lewis (1996) suggests that EM facilitate the formation of new
associations to traumatic memories and allow the client to “remain
in the present while thinking of the past.” This model postulates
that EM cause thoughts to be directed inward. We report two
experiments in which thought processes were studied using a
stream of consciousness (SOC) technique (Singer, 1993). In both
studies, undergraduate participants wrote down a sad (or happy)
target event from their life. They then thought about the target
event and let their thoughts go where they may for 10 minutes. At
approximately 1-minute intervals they were asked to report their
thoughts. The baseline study (n = 42) looked at SOC with eyes
closed; the second study (n = 27) compared SOC with eyes open,
eyes closed, and with EM. Relative the to the eyes-open condition,
EM tended to keep the SOC internally focused. During the last 4
minutes of the SOC, eyes open participants were externally
focused (thoughts about the surroundings) about 50% of time;
EM participants were externally focused 25% of the time; and eyes
closed participants were externally focused 3% of the time, F(1,
11) = 6.08, p = .017. Eye movements produced a blend of external
(eyes open) and internal (eyes closed) thoughts, offering support
to the psychodynamic model.
Keywords: Eye Movement Poster Stream of Consciousness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Ruozzi, A. (2002). Efficacia dell'EMDR nella psicoterapia del PTSD e dei ricordi traumatici [Effectiveness of EMDR psychotherapy on PTSD and traumatic memories]. Retrieved from http://www.psicotraumatologia.com/pubblicazioni_psicotraumatologia_italiane.htm on 10/13/2012.
Language: Italian
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
L’EMDR inoltre progredisce su altri due versanti: da un lato incorpora al suo interno spunti teorici ed applicativi provenienti da diversi paradigmi psicoterapeutici allo scopo di potenziare l’efficacia e la flessibilità (Shapiro, 1995); dall’altro lato, si cerca di applicare il metodo a disturbi che vanno oltre al PTSD. Attualmente nei differenti paesi del mondo le persone che hanno effettuato un training organizzato dall’EMDR Institute sono circa 30.000.In Italia i primi corsi sull’EMDR sono stati condotti nel febbraio 1999 e sono attualmente coordinati dall’Associazione EMDR Italia, a sua volta riconosciuta e patrocinata dalla EMDR Europe (Giannantonio, 2000). L’associazione ha sede a Milano e dispone di un sito internet: www.emdritalia.it.
Il dibattito sull’efficacia di questo metodo è tuttora aperto e sono numerose e contrastanti le ricerche che si sono svolte su questo argomento. La questione ha assunto a tratti i toni dello scontro ideologico e sono subentrati anche problemi di carattere commerciale, un metodo che si propone come più efficace e più rapido nella terapia di alcuni disturbi psicologici non può non essere valutato come un rivale, soprattutto in una realtà come quella del Nord America dove le spese per la psicoterapia sono pagate dalle assicurazioni (Giannantonio, 2000).
L’EMDR è uno dei metodi che vanta il maggior numero di conferme sperimentali nella psicoterapia del PTSD. Questo gli ha consentito nel 1995 di essere considerata “trattamento probabilmente efficace” (valutazione A/B) nella terapia del PTSD dalla Task Force on Psychological Intervention dell’American Psychological Association. Questa valutazione di efficacia è uguagliata solo dallo Stress Inoculation Training e dalle terapie basate sull’esposizione (Chambless et al., 1998).
Gli studi prodotti sull’efficacia dell’EMDR sono numerosi (per una rassegna vedi Giannantonio, 2000), molti sono criticabili perché mal strutturati e con grossi problemi di validità. Esistono tuttavia una serie di studi ben organizzati che si sono dimostrati inattaccabili sul piano metodologico...
Questi studi tuttavia commettono uno o più dei seguenti problemi:
1) Impiegano una o due sedute di EMDR con reduci del Vietnam forse anche a causa dell’equivoco suscitato dalla stessa Shapiro (1989) che riferiva risultati importanti nei confronti del PTSD con una sola seduta di EMDR nel 100% dei soggetti. Una tale concezione dell’EMDR non è quella più attuale e condivisa (Shapiro, 1995).
2) Trattano con l’EMDR solo uno o due episodi traumatici in soggetti che devono essere considerati “pluritraumatizzati” (Shapiro, 1999).
La presente Tesi è divisa in due parti: nella prima di carattere essenzialmente bibliografico ho analizzato la letteratura esistente sull’EMDR e sul PTSD.
Nel secondo capitolo descriverò il Disturbo Post-Traumatico da Stress analizzando i vari approcci teorici al problema del trauma.
Nel terzo capitolo verrà analizzata la teoria dell’EMDR ovvero il modello esplicativo ritenuto più adeguato che fa riferimento alla “elaborazione accelerata dell’informazione”.
Il quarto capitolo, che conclude la prima parte, riporta il protocollo standard di somministrazione dell’EMDR per adulti e adolescenti.
Nella seconda parte viene riportata la descrizione della ricerca che si sta producendo in collaborazione con l’EMDR Italia che si propone di valutare l’efficacia dell’EMDR. Nel quinto capitolo viene descritto il disegno sperimentale. Nel sesto capitolo viene analizzato il metodo di campionamento e i presupposti di validità della ricerca. Nel settimo capitolo sono descritti i test che si è deciso di analizzare nel corso della presente tesi. Infine l’ottavo capitolo si concentra sull’analisi dei primi dati emersi dalla ricerca e sulle prime conclusioni.
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EMDR also progressing on two other fronts: on the one hand it incorporates theoretical insights and applications from different psychotherapeutic paradigms in order to enhance the effectiveness and flexibility (Shapiro, 1995), on the other hand, it tries to apply the method to problems that go beyond PTSD.
Currently in different countries of the world, people who have a training organized dall'EMDR Institute 30.000.In Italy are about the first courses on EMDR have been conducted in February 1999 and is currently coordinated by the Association EMDR Italy, in turn recognized and sponsored by the EMDR Europe (Giannantonio, 2000). The association is based in Milan and has a website: www.emdritalia.it.
The debate on the effectiveness of this method is still open and they are many and conflicting research that took place on this topic. The issue has assumed at times the tone of the ideological battle and were replaced also problems of a commercial nature, a method is proposed as a more effective and faster in the treatment of certain psychological disorders can not be assessed as a rival, especially in a situation such as North America where the cost of psychotherapy are paid by insurance (Giannantonio, 2000).
EMDR is one of the methods which has the highest number of experimental confirmation in psychotherapy for PTSD. This enabled him in 1995 to be considered "probably efficacious treatment" (rated A / B) in the treatment of PTSD by the Task Force on Psychological Intervention of the American Psychological Association. This assessment of effectiveness is equaled only by the stress inoculation training and exposure-based therapies (Chambless et al., 1998).
Studies on the effectiveness of EMDR are numerous products (for review see Giannantonio, 2000), many are questionable because poorly structured and serious problems of validity. There are however a number of well-organized studies that have proven resistant in terms of methodology:
......
These studies, however, have committed one or more of the following problems:
1) They use one or two sessions of EMDR with Vietnam veterans possibly because of misunderstanding caused by the same Shapiro (1989) who reported significant results against PTSD with a single session of EMDR in 100% of subjects. Such a conception of EMDR is not the most current and shared (Shapiro, 1995).
2) They deal with EMDR only one or two traumatic events in people who should be considered "pluritraumatizzati" (Shapiro, 1999).
This thesis is divided into two parts: the first character essentially bibliographic I analyzed the existing literature on EMDR and PTSD.
In the second chapter I will describe the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder analyzing the various theoretical approaches to the problem of trauma.
In the third chapter we will analyze the theory of EMDR or the explanatory model deemed more appropriate that refers to the "accelerated processing of information."
The fourth chapter, which concludes the first part shows the standard protocol of administration of EMDR for adults and adolescents.
In the second part shows the description of the research that is being produced in collaboration with the EMDR Italy that aims to assess the effectiveness of EMDR. In the fifth chapter describes the experimental design. In the sixth chapter analyzes the sampling method and the conditions for validity of the research. In the seventh chapter describes the tests it was decided to analyze the course of this thesis. Finally, the eighth chapter will focus on early evidence from research and initial findings.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Smyth, N. J., & Rogers, S. (2002, June). EMDR & cognitive behavior therapy: Exploring shared and distinctive active components. Open discussion at the Society for Psychotherapy Research International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There has been extensive debate about the active treatment components involved in Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR); one commonly stated perspective is that EMDR is simply a repackaged cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). This discussion will explore the active components of EMDR and CBT for the treatment of PTSD. In order to provide a shared context for discussion, it will begin with a brief overview of the interventions (EMDR, Exposure, Stress Inoculation Therapy), including some video clips of the interventions. Following this, key questions will be presented for discussion by the entire group, such as: "What shared components are evident?" "What research designs would be appropriate to evaluate components?" "What process and outcome measures might be included to shed light on mechanisms?" Participants will be also encouraged to offer their own questions for discussion.
Keywords: Cognitive Behavior Therapy Integrative Treatment Models Open Discussion Psychotherapy Mechanisms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Bonstein, U. (2008, March). EMDR היבטים היפנוטיים בשיטת [Hypnotic Aspects of EMDR method/Professor Oren Kaplan]. Israel Society of Hypnosis, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Language: Hebrew
Format: Other
Abstract:
תרגום לאנגלית של עברית: המאמר בוחן את ההיבטים שיטת Hhifnotim - EMDR. אין ספק כי ה-EMDR אינו היפנוזה סמכות פורמלית. אם EMDR היא סוג של היפנוזה, ואז זה היפנוזה Arixoniani טבע, מתירנית פתוח. זה פותח את האפשרות עבור מטופלים אשר מתקשים תהליך היפנוזה פורמלית בעיניים עצומות (לרוב בשל קושי או פחד מאובדן שליטה) כדי היפנוזה "EMDR" בעיניים פקוחות מתוך אשליה כי זה לא ממש טראנס היפנוטי. גם אם ה-EMDR אינו היפנוזה יש בהחלט אלמנטים רבים ההופכים מערכת משפחתה תופעות המצב הייחודי מודעות מערכת שמשתמשת בעקרונות של תקשורת היפנוטית - סוגסטיבי. המאמר עוסק גם את המגבלות והסכנות של זה שייך
The article examines aspects Hhifnotim method - EMDR. There is no doubt that EMDR is not hypnosis formal authority. If EMDR is a form of hypnosis, then it is hypnosis Arixoniani nature, open permissive. This opens the possibility for patients who find it difficult to process a formal hypnosis with eyes closed (usually due to difficulty or fear of losing control) to "EMDR hypnosis" with open eyes from the illusion that this is not really a hypnotic trance. Even if EMDR is not hypnosis has certainly many elements that make her family system phenomena unique situation awareness system that uses the principles of hypnotic communication - suggestive. The article also discusses the limitations and dangers of this belonging.
Keywords: Hypnosis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Grand, D. (2005, September). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Creativity was involved in the discovery and development of EMDR which is an effective tool in unblocking and enhancing creativity. EMDR processing is an essentially creative process of healing trauma, and EMDR's therapeutic relationship is a creative process. This presentation addresses creative enhancements EMDR’s healing tools: “open listening,” eye movements, integrating music and nature sounds into auditory stimulation, and using body sensations with color and imagery. Using protocol targeting of artists creative blocks, and the trauma aspects of blocks, and the future template as a tool for enhancing creativity with artists including actors, singers, dancers, writers, and painters is discussed. Mini-practica and demonstrations are used with lecture and handouts.
Keywords: Creativity Creative Blocks Future Template Open Listening
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Grand, D. (2006, September). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation addresses how creativity has
been interwoven into the discovery and
development of EMDR, as well as how EMDR is
an effective tool in unblocking and enhancing
creativity. Dr. Shapiro's discovery of EMDR and
her development of the EMDR Protocol, are
examined as underpinnings of EMDR and
Creativity. EMDR processing will also be
examined as an essentially creative process at the
core of healing trauma-based blocks. The
therapeutic relationship in EMDR is discussed as
a co-creative process. This presentation addresses
creative enhancements EMDR's healing tools
including: "open listening" - avoiding
assumptions while attending to all in-the-moment
verbal and non-verbal client communications, creative use of eye movements with flowing hand
movements and shifting rates of speed, integrating
music and nature sounds into left/right auditory
stimulation and enhancing of body sensations with
color and imagery. This presentation also
addresses using EMDR in addressing issues of
creativity. Creative blocks are regularly reported
by both artists and non-artists and often cripple
and traumatize the artist, and interfere with the
creativity of diallng living of non-artists. Using
EMDR protocol to target creative blocks is
discussed, as well as the contribution of trauma
to these blocks. The EMDR future template is
discussed as a tool for enhancing creativity with
artists free of significant blocks. This includes
actors, singers, dancers, writers and graphic
artists. Mini-practica and demonstrations are used
to operationalize the concepts presented in lecture and handout format.
Keywords: Creativity Creative Blocks Future Template Open Listening
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Grand, D. (2004, September). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Creativity was involved in the discovery and development of EMDR.
EMDR is an effective tool in unblocking and enhancing creativity. EMDR processing is an essentially creative process of healing trauma and EMDR's therapeutic relationship is a co-creative process. This presentation
addresses creative enhancements of EMDR's healing tools: ''open
listening." eye movements, integrating music and nature sounds into
auditory stimulation and using body sensations with color and imagery.
Using protocol targeting of artists creative blocks, and the trauma aspects of blocks and the future template as a tool for enhancing creativity with artists, including actors, singers, dancers, writers and painters is discussed.
Mini-practica and demonstrations also used.
Keywords: Creativity Creative Blocks Future Template Open Listening
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Grand, D. (2008, September). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Creativity is interwoven into the discovery and development of EMDR which is an effective tool in unblocking creativity. EMDR processing is a creative process at the core of healing blocks. Creative enhancements EMDR’s healing tools include: “open listening” – avoiding assumptions, creative use of eye movements and eye positions, integrating bilateral healing sounds and enhancing body sensations with color. Creative blocks cripple the artist and interfere with the creativity of non-artists. The EMDR protocol (assessment, desensitization, installation and body scan) targets creative blocks with underlying trauma. The future template enhances creativity with artists (actors, singers and writers).
Keywords: Creativity Creative Blocks Future Template Open Listening
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Grand, D. (2007, June). EMDR and creativity. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Creativity is interwoven into the discovery and development of EMDR, which itself is an effective tool for unblocking and enhancing creativity. Dr. Shapiro’s discovery of EMDR and her development of the EMDR Protocol are underpinnings of EMDR and Creativity. EMDR processing is also an essentially creative process at the core of healing trauma-based blocks and the therapeutic relationship in EMDR is a co-creative process.
This presentation addresses creative enhancement of EMDR’s healing tools including: “open listening” – avoiding assumptions while tending to all in-the-moment verbal and non-verbal client communications, using eye movement creatively by varying speed, plane and eye gaze, integrating healing sound into AIP and enhancing of body sensations with focus, color, and imagery.
This presentation examines using EMDR with issues of creativity. Creative block often cripple and traumatize artists and interfere with the creativity of daily living of non-artists. The use of the EMDR protocol (with emphasis on assessment, desensitization, installation and body scan) to target creative blocks is discussed as well of the contribution of trauma to these blocks. The EMDR future template is discussed as a tool for enhancing creativity with artists freed from significant blocks. This includes actors, singers, dancers, writers, and graphic artists.
Lecture, PowerPoint, mini-practica and demonstrations are used to illustrate the concepts, supported by handout materials.
Keywords: Creativity
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Cole, M. (2010, July). EMDR and metacognitive therapy: Same destination, different language. Poster presented at the 38th Annual Conference of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies, Manchester, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The information processing model has been described in many different ways and is potentially the underlying
process that describes the psychotherapy change process, regardless of orientation. In this poster I will briefly
compare Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing and Meta-Cognitive Therapy in light of this information
processing model and conclude that although they may use different language to describe their theories, a
unifying information processing model describes both paradigms. Human beings are meaning making machines
(Robbins, 2009). We give meaning to the world, the deeds we do and the interactions we have, as well as the
more fundamental senses we experience (Frankl, 2004). Information arises either from external stimulus or
internal process’s and this information goes through our filters where we delete, distort and generalise this
information based on the rules created in our information processing unit (Fig 1). This information processing
mechanism gives meaning to this filtered information and generates a response, this response interacts with this
information and the cycle then repeats in a self regulatory manner. This process is repeated for everything we do;
we are and continues until we die. Mental health issues arise when this self regulatory system fails to make a
useful functional meaning of the information. Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) was
developed by Francine Shapiro (1989) for the treatment of trauma memories and associated emotions, changing
the meaning the person gives to their experiences. Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) was developed by Wells and
Matthews (1984) as a way of defining the processes that underpin a range of psychological disorders.
One of the features of psychological disorders such as anxiety or depression is that thinking becomes difficult to
control and biased in particular ways that lead to a worsening and maintenance of emotional suffering. Many
clients report that they feel that they have ‘lost control’ over their thoughts and behaviours. Another important
feature is that the persons thinking and attention becomes fixed in patterns of brooding and dwelling on the self
and threatening information. Both EMDR and MCT describe an information management/processing system that
organises and carries out various tasks such as how to open a door, how to get dressed, how to be anxious, how to
respond to a trauma memory Both therapies appear to change this system / process to something that is much
more adaptive for the client, as if they change the master information management control programme that runs
this system, in the same way a conductor influences the orchestra and the music they produce. Both models
describe the same process, although they utilise different language to describe this change process.
Perhaps a change of focus for the development of pychotherapy towards more process change models rather than
content change interventions.
Keywords: Metacognitive Therapy Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. van den Berg, D. P. G. (2011, August-September). EMDR in patients with psychotic disorders and PTSD: A pilot study. In PTSD in patients with psychotic disorders. Symposium conducted at the 41st EABCT Annual Congress, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Introduction: Mueser at al. (2008) showed that a treatment
program that was predominantly based on cognitive restructuring
was effective and safe in treating PTSD in patients with Serious
Mental Illness. However, only 15.7% of the participants in this
study had a psychotic disorder. Frueh et al. (2009) conducted a
pilot study into PTSD treatment in patients with schizophrenia and
schizoaffective disorders (n=20). At three month follow-up twelve
out of thirteen completers no longer met criteria for PTSD.
Treatment caused no adverse events. Unfortunately psychosis
measures were not included in this study. A third therapy with
strong empirical support for its efficacy in treating PTSD is Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR, Bisson et al.,
2007; Bradley, Greene, Russ, Dutra, & Westen, 2005; Seidler &
Wagner, 2006). In this presentation the results of a feasibility trial
(n=27) of EMDR in patients with psychosis and comorbid PTSD
will be presented.
Method: An open pilot trial of EMDR in treating PTSD symptoms
in participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or an other
psychotic disorder. Participants were all outpatients from
community mental health centres in the Netherlands. After referral
to the study patients were screened for PTSD with the Clinician
Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS, Blake et al., 1990). If PTSD was
diagnosed baseline measurements were performed after which an
informed consent was obtained. Treatment consisted of a
maximum of six weekly EMDR sessions, after which post
measurements were taken.
Results: EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD symptoms. Out of the 25 completers, only 7 still met criteria for PTSD at post
measurement. Treatment did not result in adverse events. In fact,
other symptoms, such as delusions, auditory verbal hallucinations,
anxiety and depression decreased significantly, e.g. only four out
of the nine participants that reported voices at baseline still
reported voices at end of treatment.
Conclusions: The preliminary conclusion is that treating PTSD in
patients suffering from psychosis with EMDR is feasible, is safe
and has a positive influence on other symptoms.
Keywords: Pilot Study Postraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotic Disorders Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Montes-Berges, B., Aranda, M., Castillo-Mayén, M. del R. (2011). EMDR Para el tratamiento de estrés postraumático en casos de violencia de género [EMDR for treatment of PTSD in cases of domestic violence]. Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Introducción: La violencia de género es uno de los problemas sociales más graves de
nuestra sociedad tanto por su prevalencia (en el pasado año 2010 fueron asesinadas 74
mujeres, y se estima que alrededor del 11.1% de las mujeres andaluzas son maltratadas),
como por las consecuencias psicológicas que conlleva en las víctimas. Objetivos: En el
Gabinete de Psicología de la Universidad de Jaén, atendemos a las mujeres (alumnas, PAS
o PDI o familiares de éstos) que han sido o aún son víctimas de violencia de género, con el
objetivo prioritario de que superen las situaciones traumáticas y que estén preparadas
emocional y cognitivamente para llevar una vida plena con el desarrollo máximo de sus
capacidades. Durante la evaluación, entre otras escalas, las usuarias contestan al
cuestionario sobre Síndrome de Estrés Postraumático (Echeburúa, Corral, Amor,
Zubizarreta y Sarasúa, 1997), pues los episodios de violencia psicológica, sexual y física
extrema que la mayoría de ellas viven, ocasionan en el 100% de los casos este síndrome de
manera crónica y acusada. Metodología: Para tratar este síndrome se acomete el
entrenamiento en técnicas de respiración y relajación y posteriormente el tratamiento con
EMDR. Esta técnica consiste en el procesamiento de los sucesos que quedaron bloqueados
por el miedo sentido en el momento en que ocurrieron, mediante la movilización de los
ojos de manera simultánea a la escucha del episodio, tratando nuevamente de revivirlo.
Aplicamos esta técnica con 5 pacientes. Resultados: En todos los casos las usuarias
superaban la situación en 4 o 5 sesiones de 5 minutos cada una, de manera que
posteriormente, informaron de que la situación ya no les producía tristeza ni dolor, y que la
habían aceptado. Discusión: Estos resultados sugieren que esta técnica es eficaz y rápida
en la intervención de sucesos traumáticos de violencia de género, por lo que resulta
altamente recomendable para estos casos.
Introduction: Gender violence is one of the most serious social problems
our society because of its prevalence (in the past year 2010 were killed 74
women, and it is estimated that about 11.1% of women are battered Andalusian),
as for the psychological consequences on the victims involved. Objectives: In the
Cabinet of Psychology, University of Jaén, we look at women (students, PAS
or PDI or their relatives) who have been or still are victims of domestic violence, with
priority objective of exceeding trauma and who are prepared
emotionally and cognitively to lead a full life with the maximum development of their
capabilities. During the assessment, including scales, users answer the
questionnaire on PTSD (Echeburúa, Corral, Love,
Zubizarreta and Sarasua, 1997), because episodes of psychological, physical and sexual
extreme than most living, result in 100% of cases this syndrome
chronically and charged. Methodology: To treat this syndrome is undertaken the
training in breathing and relaxation techniques and subsequent treatment with
EMDR. This technique consists in processing events that were blocked
sense of fear at the time they occurred, by mobilizing the
eyes simultaneously listening to the episode, trying to revive him again.
We apply this technique in 5 patients. Results: In all cases the user
exceeded the 4 or 5 position in 5-minute sessions each, so that
subsequently reported that the situation no longer produce sadness or pain, and that the
had accepted. Discussion: These results suggest that this technique is effective and fast
intervention in the traumatic events of violence, so it is
highly recommended for these cases.
Keywords: Domestic Violence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Cvetek, R. (2008). EMDR treatment of distressful experiences that fail to meet the critieria for PTSD. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 2-14. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.2.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is thought to successfully treat not only PTSD but also other psychiatric disorders and mental health problems inasmuch as these have experiential contributions. This randomized clinical trial investigated the effects of treatment of distressful experiences (or small "t" trauma) that fail to meet the criteria for PTSD. Three hours of a slightly adapted form of EMDR were compared to active listening (attentional placebo, also 3 hours) and wait list. Results with 90 participants showed that EMDR produced significantly lower scores on the Impact of Event Scale than active listening or wait list. EMDR also resulted in a significantly smaller increase on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (State subscale) after memory recall. Some limitations and implications of findings are discussed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Dysfunctionally Stored Stressful Experiences Effectiveness Life Experiences Random Clinical Trial RCT Slovenes Small “T” Trauma Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Yule, W. (2004, February). EMDR with PTSD in children and adolescents: Overview and prospects. Keynote presented at the 2nd annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Birmingham, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
As with many therapies, the evidence base for the effectiveness of EMDR with children and adolescents is much less established than that with adult clients suffering PTSD. Whilst there is sufficent evidence from open studies and case studies to justify its application, there is a real need for proper evaluation with the younger clinical groups. This paper will review
existing evidence, but will also raise issues of the implications for clinical practice of working with rapidly developing children. To what extent
can and should one takecognisance of th e developmental levels, both cognitive and emotional? How is or should EMDR technique be adapted for work with young children? The actual practices of Shapiro and Tinker vary dramatically, and this needs tbe confronted and understood. The conclusions are that EMDR has an important role In helping traumatized children, but we need to understand both children and EMDR
better in order to develop even more effective interventions.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Gunter, R. W., & Bodner, G. E. (2009). EMDR works . . . But how? Recent progress in the search for treatment mechanisms. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 161-168. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.161.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a highly scrutinized but efficacious psychotherapy commonly used in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite much theorizing and speculation, EMDR's mechanism of action remains unspecified. This article reviews several accounts of how EMDR works to reduce symptoms and/or aid memory reprocessing, including disruption of a traumatic recollection in working memory, increased psychological distance from the trauma, enhanced communication between brain hemispheres, and psychophysiological changes associated with relaxation or evocation of a rapid-eye-movement-like brain state. Several gaps in knowledge are also identified: The working memory account has received considerable support but has yet to be evaluated using clinical samples. How psychological distancing translates into symptomatic improvement is unclear. Psychophysiological effects of EMDR are well demonstrated but leave open the question of whether they constitute a treatment mechanism or an outcome of memory processing. Multiple mechanisms may work to produce treatment gains in EMDR; hence, an integrative model may be necessary to capture its myriad effects.
Keywords: Eye Movements Psychotherapy Treatment Mechanism
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. Johannesson, K. B. (2001, April). EMDR – psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people. Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
Patient Benefits, Risks, and Side Effects
Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disoder PTSD Young People
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Wesselmann, D., Schweitzer, C., Bruckner, D., & Armstrong, S. (2012, October). EMDR-family therapy integrative team approach for healing attachment trauma in children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Children who have experienced early maltreatment and who have been relinquished or removed from birth families frequently exhibit severe and challenging behaviors. Therapists are caught in a Catch-22, as children require an emotionally supportive environment from caregivers to open up emotionally and address the traumas underlying their behaviors, and yet the child behaviors create feelings in the the parents that prevent them from being able to provide emotional support. The EMDR Integrative Team model allows for collaboration between a family therapist and an EMDR therapist in order to change parent-child patterns and create a “secure holding environment” for trauma therapy.
Keywords: Attachment Trauma Children Family Therapy Intergrative Approach
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Jones, J. (1995, June). EMDR: A candid view from the psychiatrist's couch. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
I will attempt to present an overview of the major psychiatric disorders, some medical and neurologic syndromes and general concepts on how I approach diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Our time will include all this and put special focus on psychpharmacology. The nature and scope of this material will be mostly introductory but i will certainly be open to exploring my topic at greater depth depending the needs of the group present. The audience should be any among you who would likea way to begin organizing you approach to pharmacology and the impact that is having on your practice and the use of EMDR. Licensed clinical social workers, marriage and family counselors and psychologists should especially benefit form the discussion. You can expect to hear about major depression and its variants, bipolar disorder, panic disorder and the general anxiety disorders- some coverage of eating disorders, PTSD and adult attention deficit disorder but in less detail. I shall only touch upon schzophrenia and the psychotic disorders unless you show a special interest. The same is true for medical and neurologic diagnosis which have psychotic sequelas. I shall then to proceed to describe the differences and similarities among the antidepressants following that with a less detailed presentation of anit-anxiety agents, anti-psychotics, lithium and its siblings and a few of the "tried-and-true" substances of abuse like alcohol, stimulants, hallucinogens and narcotics. Please forgive me if I draw the line at designer drugs. This is a vast amount of information. I shall empasize general organizing concepts which will help the clinician who would like to understand some of his/her clients better, know better when to make a referral to a psychiatrist, now some of the potentials and limitations of EMDR when your clients are taking medications and/or have a major psychiatric disorder. Do not come to if you wish to set sail on a sea of psychiatric and medical details - 90 minutes just will not suffice! I will depend on you to speak up at any time with your concerns and queries (not to mention contradictions) so we can tailor the moment to the real interests of those present. I will attempt to reserve a substantial amount of time for question, answers, and observations but, if we are lucky, this will be happening throughout the ninety minutes. If we have time left I will explore the subject of "you and your psychiatrist" with both panache and hubris. We have a reputation for not being the most ingratiating of colleagues. I have a number of suggestions from a psychiatrist perspective which could make it easier to manage (sic) your psychiatrist. I hope we will be able to conclude with some high spirits and as they say here in California, a time for sharing and mutual understanding.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Eschenröder, C. T. (1997). EMDR: Eine neue methode zur verarbeitung traumatischer erinnerungen [EMDR: A new method for the processing of traumatic memories]. Tübingen, Germany: Dgvt-Verlag..
Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract:
Die von Francine Shapiro entwickelte innovative EMDR-Methode (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing/Augenbewegungs-Desensibilisierung und Neubearbeitung) hat in der Fachwelt großes Aufsehen erregt, so sehr grenzte sie an Zauberei. Ursprünglich für die Behandlung von Trauma-Opfern gedacht, erschließen sich mittlerweile weitere Anwendungsbereiche. Was ist davon zu halten?
Dieser Frage wird im vorliegenden Band beantwortet, der über den aktuellen Stand des Wissens zur EMDR informiert und zahlreiche Anwendungsbeispiele aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen und psychotherapeutischen Schulen vorstellt. Es zeigt sich, daß EMDR vor allem bei der Verarbeitung vergangener belastender Erlebnisse in manchen Fällen in erstaunlich kurzer Zeit zu einem Abklingen negativer Emotionen sowie zu neuen Einsichten und spontanen Veränderungen von Vorstellungsbildern führt.
The innovative, developed by Francine Shapiro EMDR method (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) / eye movement desensitization and revision in the professional world has a great sensation, much as it bordered on magic. Originally developed for the treatment of trauma victims intended to open up further application areas now. What should we make of it?
This question is answered in this volume, which informs about the current state of knowledge on EMDR and presents numerous examples from different fields and schools of psychotherapy. It turns out that EMDR leads mainly to the processing of past stressful experiences, in some cases in a remarkably short time, a decay of negative emotions, leading to new insights and changes of spontaneous mental images.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Lazarus, C. N., & Lazarus, A. A. (2002). EMDR: An elegantly concentrated multimodal procedure?. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 209-224). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The active ingredients of many therapeutic processes remain open to conjecture. Regardless of what actually underlies the putative benefits of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), its degree of overlap with many of the multimodal therapy (MMT) features and components is noteworthy. In essence, EMDR is a highly systematized, elegant therapeutic package using many of the same modalities that comprise MMT. Be that as it may, MMT methods are broader and more comprehensive than the EMDR methodology. EMDR is thought of as an accelerated and facilitated information-processing therapy, whereas MMT is considered a theory of personality as well as a system for implementing comprehensive biopsychosocial therapy. MMT therapists can probably enhance their treatment outcomes by knowing when and how to apply EMDR, and EMDR therapists would be well advised to become proficient with the MMT framework and its many applications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adults Multimodal Therapy Multimodal Treatment Approach Psychotherapeutic Techniques Psychotherapeutic Processes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Martinez, R. (1992, December). EMDR: Innovative uses. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(2), 9.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
First of all, let me open up by offering
my apologies to Carrie Greenberg,
LCSW, of Santa Rosa. In the last
"Innovative Uses" column, Carrie was
the person who sent in the article on
using the combination of EMDR and
hypnosis while working with a Vietnam
vet. The effects were quite powerful
and Carrie deserves full marks
for combining these two modalities.
Unfortunately, due to the omission of
a paragraph, it appeared that this
was a technique that I (Ron Martinez)
had developed and used and I want to
take this opportunity right off the bat
to thank Carrie for her contribution
and her patience during the time in
which she was not given proper credit.
Keywords: Innovative Uses: Biogentic Techniques Hypnosis Smoking Cessation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. Weisz, J. R., Hawley, K. M., & Doss, A. J. (2004). Empirically tested psychotherapies for youth internalizing and externalizing problems and disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North American, 13, 729–815. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2004.05.006.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The term psychotherapy has come to be applied to a broad array of nonmedical
interventions designed to alleviate psychologic distress, reduce maladaptive
behavior, or increase deficient adaptive behavior through counseling,
interaction, a training program, or a predetermined treatment plan. Although the
specific term is relatively recent historically, the general idea is ancient. Roots of
psychotherapy can be found in the ageless tradition of helping by listening,
discussing, and questioning. Among the early Greek philosophers, Socrates
developed a method and a thesis that presaged some modern forms of psychotherapy.
His approach involved questioning others to provoke them to examine
their beliefs, with the goal of bringing them closer to truth. His method reflected
his ‘‘midwife thesis,’’ the notion that the philosopher’s role is to deliver the truth
that already is within others, much as the midwife delivers the baby that is within
a mother. This idea, of course, is not so different from the view many modern
therapists have of their own professional roles. Other approaches that fall under the ‘‘psychotherapy umbrella’’ do not involve talk therapies but rather procedures
that parents, teachers, and other adults use to limit disobedient or disruptive
behavior by boys and girls or to help youngsters focus attention or behave less
impulsively. The struggle by adults to shape, manage, and guide youth behavior
certainly predates even the ancient Greeks.
Keywords: Adolescents Externalization Internalization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Karlsson, A. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): En presentation och analys av metoden, samt redogörelse för svenska utövares upplevelser [Eye Movement desensitization and processing (EMDR): A presentation and analysis of the method, and explanation of Swedish practitioners' experiences]. Psykologexamensarbete, Stockholms Universersit Psyckologiska Institutionen. .
Language: Swedish
Format: Other
Abstract:
Posttraumatiskt stressyndrom är en komplex och mångdimensionell störning.
Lyckligtvis finns det effektiva behandlingsmetoder. 1989 utvecklade
Francine Shapiro metoden, sedermera namngiven, Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing (EMDR), för behandling av traumatiska minnen.
Det hävdas att mellan 84 – 100% som behandlats med EMDR inte längre
uppfyller diagnoskriterierna för PTSD. Uppsatsens huvudsyfte är att göra en
grundläggande granskning av EMDR och metodtillämpningen i Sverige.
Datainsamling skedde genom litteraturgranskning, enkätundersökning samt
intervjuer med EMDR-utbildade kliniker. Resultatet visar att EMDR är effektivare
än ingen behandling alls eller icke-validerade behandlingsmetoder,
såsom aktivt lyssnande. Det är däremot inte styrkt att EMDR är effektivare
än KBT. Vidare antyder komponentstudier att ögonrörelsestimulering, eller
alternativ bilateral stimulering, inte är nödvändig för att uppnå behandlingsframgångar.
Samtliga intervjuade utövare upplever EMDR som ett värdefullt
och verksamt verktyg i behandlingsarbetet. Diskussion förs kring resultaten
från effektstudierna och nödvändigheten av fortsatt forskning.
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a complex, multidimensional disorder.
Fortunately there are effective treatments. 1989 Developed
Francine Shapiro method, later named, eye movement desensitization
and Reprocessing (EMDR), for the treatment of traumatic memories.
It is alleged that between 84 - 100% treated with EMDR are no longer
meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD. The main purpose is to make a
fundamental review of the EMDR method and application in Sweden.
Using data obtained from literature review, survey and
interviews with EMDR-trained clinicians. The results show that EMDR is more effective
than no treatment or non-validated therapies,
such as active listening. It is however not shown that EMDR is more effective
than CBT. Further studies suggest component of eye movement stimulation, or
alternative bilateral stimulation, it is not necessary to achieve treatment success.
All interviewees experienced EMDR practitioners as a valuable
and effective tool in the treatment process. Talk out of the result,
from efficacy trials and the need for further research.
Keywords: Component Studies Impact Studies Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Swedish Practice Travel Experiences
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. Richards, D. (1999, January). The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing debate: Commentary on Rosen et al. and Poole et al. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 27(1), 13-17.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The debate conducted in this journal and elsewhere on the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is characterized by incredulity, fervent belief and emotion. Theorists and clinical pragmatists, not to mention the “discovers” of EMDR, have often taken up oppositional stances that impede rationale debate. Whilst some may be offended by the overt commercialism and messianic fervour of the EMDR lobby, the best response is to engage in dialogue, collaboration and scientific experiment. These experiments should combine the best randomized clinical trial methods with experimental deconstruction of the complex mix that now comprises EMDR. Those who have developed EMDR should cease the commercial and empirical protectionism that has characterized the EMDR movement and open their methods to such investigation by the healthily sceptical.
Keywords: Outcome Research Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Paulsen, S. L. (1993, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Its role in the treatment of dissociative disorder. Multiple personality/dissociative states: Dissociation: the next ten years. International Society for the Study of Dissociation Fall Conference, Chicago, IL. Rush University.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desenitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a procedure which uses saccadic eye movements as part of a protrocol to detoxify disturbing memories. EMDR has attracted significant attention because of its claims to facilitate recall of repressed material and to relieve the anxiety rapidly. Some patients are able to recall and resolve a disturbing memory during a single session of EMDR, although complex memories require longer. Shapiro (1989, 1991) first described the use of EMDR in patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and other case studies have described similar results (Wolpe and Abrams, 1991; Kleinknecht & Morgan, 1992). Prelimary studies in larger groups have been reported (Solomon, 1993; Daniels, 1993; Wilson, 1993). This session will discuss the use of EMDR in patients with dissociative disorders.
This session will present the use of EMDR in three areas of the treatment of dissociative disorders: 1) accessing dissociated BASK elements, 2) crisis management, and 3) abreaction. This will be followed by a discussion involving two senior clinicians, Dr. Walter Young, MD, and Richard Lowenstein, MD. A general question and answer will follow.
1. Sandra Paulsen, PhD., will open the session with a general introduction to EMDR and an overview of the general principles of treatment. Following this, she will present a conceptual framework for understanding the use of EMDR insociative disorders using Braun's BASK model. A videotape will be presented which demonstrates the reassociation, one at a time, of BASK elements.
2) Silke Vogelmann-Sine, PhD, will present cases illustrating the use of EMDR in the management of patients in crisis. It will be suggested that the relief provided by EMDR is long-lasting and that EMDR is a cost-effective way to prevent hospitalizations.
3) Steven Lazrove, MD, will discuss the use of EMDR in abreaction. It is proposed that EMDR allows the abreactive work to progress quiickly without traumatizing the patient. This hyposesis will be supported by the presentation of a case including a videotape of the patient's initial EMDR session.
The purpose of this symposium is to expose clinicians to the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, only. It is not intended to substitute for formal training in use of EMDR.
Keywords: Dissociative Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Owen-Phelps, K. (2010, May 10). Eye movement therapy - Desensitization found to help those dealing with trauma. Evansville Courier and Press, Evansville, Ill.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
A new therapy called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is helping trauma patients feel calmer and open up.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. Taylor, R. J. (2003, September). Family unifications with reactive attachment disorder: Children – A brief treatment approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation will discuss the symptomology of reactive attachment disorder in children and the effects on the family. In addition, the presentation will focus on the treatment mileau of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and how it may be used in the treatment of reactive attachment disorder in children. The discussion also will include a case study of a family with a child age 8 with reactive attachment disorder and the subsequent individual and family therapy. Treatment of choice was EMDR for the child and supportive therapy for the parents. Qualitative evaluation of the process demonstrated that the parents observed an instant changing in the child's attitude. The child reported that she felt better about herself, family, school, and truthfulness. Her statement about the therapy: "It opened a windown for me." In relation to outcomes, a 12 and 24-month evaulation demonstrated continued positive effects. The importance of working with the family in understanding the dynamics of reactive attachement disorder and how improvement occurs will be discussed. Objectives of the session will be to give clinical information to practitioners about children with reactive attachment disorder, how this disorder affects the family, and possible therapeutic intervention techniques to open a diaglogue that will lead to understanding children who are in treatment.
Keywords: Attachment Disorders Educational Counseling Family Therapy Family Unification Individual Psychotherapy Parent Child Relations RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Miller, R. (2005). The feeling-state theory of compulsions and cravings and decreasing compulsions and cravings using an eye movement protocol. Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA. AAT 3166384.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Compulsions and cravings such as gambling and sex compulsions have been the subject of behavioral and psychodynamic treatment. This study formulates a new theory of compulsions and cravings, called the Feeling-State Theory of Compulsions, and utilizes a technique called the Eye Movement Compulsion Protocol (EMCP) for decreasing both the feelings and behavior. The Feeling-State Theory postulates that positive feelings and behavior are fixated in the body during an intense experience, creating the feeling-state. The result is that, when the person desires that feeling again, the feeling-state including the behavior is recapitulated. Just as the use of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to reduce Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the EMCP technique utilizes eye movements to decrease the feeling-state associated with compulsions. The present study utilizes a multiple baseline single case research design with 4 subjects. Skin conductance levels (SCL) and a self-report scale (SUES) are the dependent variables. Two of the subjects provide support for both the theory and the EMCP technique. Both the change in SCL and the SUES values for 1 compulsion are clearly decreased post-intervention while the other compulsions values remain relatively stable. One of the other 2 subjects provided less clear support for the theory and technique but reveals some unexpected interactions between compulsions. The other subject's baseline values did not remain stable enough for a clear result but did not contradict the results of the other subjects. The conclusion is reached that the overall results of the study support the Feeling-State Theory of Compulsions and the usefulness of the EMCP technique to decrease compulsions and cravings. Although the findings in this study can not be conclusive because of the small number of subjects, the results do open up new approaches for research.
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 66(2-B), 2005, pp. 1178.
Keywords: Compulsions Craving Empirical Study Eye Movements Pathological Gambling
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Browning, C. (1999). Flotar hacia atrás y flotar hacia delante: Técnicas para ligar el pasado, Presente y futuro [Floatback and Float Forward: Techniques for the Tie Past, Present and Future]. Presentation at EMDRIA Latinoamericana.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
El protocolo estándar de EMDR requiere enfocar los orígenes de la perturbación, los gatillos del presente y crear un patrón de conductas adecuadas para el futuro (Shapiro). Algunos pacientes, sin embargo pueden tener dificultades para conectar su problema actual con acontecimientos del pasado. Así también, otros pacientes pueden tener dificultades para crear patrones positivos para el futuro, especialmente si ensayar conductas nuevas los pone ansiosos. Para estos problemas las técnicas de "Flotar hacia atrás" y "Flotar hacia delante" desarrolladas por William Zangwill Ph. D., entrenador del Instituto EMDR, son métodos efectivos para ligar el pasado, presente y futuro en un ámbito terapéutico y proveen al terapeuta de instrumentos para abordar eficientemente ambos temas.
LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA ATRÁS
Abordar recuerdos tempranos asociados con el material perturbador es fundamental para EMDR. Shapiro dice que ayudar al paciente a encontrar un recuerdo temprano "debe ser una de las primeras opciones que debe considerar al terapeuta..." (Shapiro, 1995). La Técnica de Flotar hacia atrás es un camino eficiente y poderoso para llegar a esta meta, permitiendo al terapeuta asistir al paciente a llevar a cabo sus propias asociaciones con acontecimientos del pasado. Su uso es muy apropiado cuando el terapeuta sospecha que una perturbación que el paciente experimenta en el presente, tiene sus raíces en experiencias del pasado; especialmente cuando preguntas como "Cuál es su recuerdo más temprano en relación a lo que se siente ahora? no ha tenido éxito en ayudar al paciente a conectar con eventos del pasado. También cuando un paciente presenta un tema o experiencia recurrente, la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es ideal para ayudar al paciente a identificar un target para el reprocesamiento. Muchos pacientes se ponen en contacto con los problemas actuales con relativa facilidad. Por ejemplo, una paciente que se queja que se siente abandonada cuando su marido se va de viaje de negocios, probablemente pueda recordar sus problemas actuales con facilidad. Entonces el terapeuta puede aplicar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás para ayudarle a la paciente a recordar un acontecimiento del pasado con rapidez y eficiencia.
Para usar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, arme el protocolo con el problema actual, utilizando los pasos que figuran en el Manual de Entrenamiento del Nivel I y del Nivel II (Shapiro, 1994) incluyendo la imagen, la cognición negativa (CN), la cognición positiva (CP), la validación de la cognición (VoC), emociones, Unidad Subjetiva de Perturbación (SUD) y sensación corporal. Sin embargo, no incide todavía el procesamiento (es decir, movimientos oculares u otra estimulación). En vez de eso, diga a su paciente: "Fíjese en la imagen de... y esas palabras (repita la imagen perturbadora del paciente y su cognición negativa), fíjese que emociones le vienen y donde las siente en el cuerpo. Ahora cierre los ojos y deje que su mente flote hacia atrás a un período anterior en su vida, no busque, simplemente deje que su mente flote a una época donde usted pensaba cosas similares... (repita las emociones que dijo el paciente) en ...(repita los lugares del cuerpo donde el paciente sintió las sensaciones). Cuando esté listo abra los ojos y dígame lo primero que le viene a la mente".
Utilice esta experiencia más temprana como target, completando todos los items del protocolo: imagen, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD y ubicación de las sensaciones corporales y comience a procesar con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral. Una vez que se ha procesado este material, vuelva al target original del material actual. Muy a menudo se generaliza el trabajo realizado sobre el material más temprano y ya no hace falta procesar el material actual.
Es importante usar términos generales cuando se le dan al paciente las instrucciones de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, es decir, pedir un recuerdo temprano y no el más temprano. Hay varias razones que avalan esto. Primero, muchas veces es el peor recuerdo y no el primero que funciona como el mejor target para el reprocesamiento,. Además, usar términos generales es una ayuda para los pacientes más compulsivos y perfeccionistas que de otra manera estarían demasiado preocupados en no equivocarse y encontrar exactamente la primera asociación. Finalmente, la flexibilidad que permite la utilización de términos generales más que términos específicos aumenta la posibilidad de éxito del paciente de conectarse con el pasado que es la meta de esta técnica.
El rasgo esencial de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es usar las preguntas del protocolo para conectar los problemas del presente con eventos del pasado. Pasar las preguntas como fueron desarrolladas por Shapiro es un potente método para ayudar a los pacientes a sintonizar con todos los aspectos de su experiencia del problema. El material perturbador se vuelve más vívido y actual para el paciente y posibilita recordar experiencias similares. Se supone, como hipótesis, que al haber desarrollado el protocolo con todas las preguntas sobre el problema actual, estimula la red neuronal de asociaciones y posibilita casi sin esfuerzo el "flotar hacia atrás" a asociaciones tempranas.
Además, el vínculo paciente-terapeuta es realzado porque el terapeuta valida la experiencia del paciente (la perturbación actual) al empezar el trabajo desde el punto en el que se encuentra el paciente. Las asociaciones son del paciente, eliminando el tema de la resistencia a cualquier idea o interpretación introducida por el terapeuta. El paciente se da cuenta vivencialmente de la conexión del presente con el pasado usando la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, pudiendo esquivar la evitación y otras defensas.
LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA DELANTE
Mientras que la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás posibilita muy a menudo que los pacientes vean y sientan la conexión entre el problema actual y los eventos pasados, la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante permite que el paciente identifique y reprocese la ansiedad anticipatoria y desarrolle patrones positivos para el futuro. Es un método que puede ser utilizado en cualquier momento del proceso terapéutico para solucionar bloqueos, renuencias y en algunos casos, resistencias o temas de beneficios secundarios o pérdidas. Es especialmente útil para trabajar con el miedo del paciente a hacer EMDR.
Para ponerlo en práctica, primero pida al paciente que imagine lo peor que le puede pasar si hace "X" (por ej. probar una nueva conducta, testear una nueva habilidad, empezar una experiencia nueva). ¿Qué es lo peor que le puede pasar si hace EMDR? Que es lo peor que le puede pasar si soluciona este problema? ¿Qué es lo peor que le puede pasar si le pone límites a su jefe respecto a la cantidad de trabajo que espera que usted haga? El paciente puede necesitar ayuda para identificar la peor escena. Algunas sugerencias incluyen el miedo a perder el control de sus emociones, el miedo a perder el control de sus funciones corporales como el control de esfínteres, miedo a tener un ataque de pánico, y no poder manejar su vida emocional entre las sesiones.
Una vez que el paciente ha identificado el incidente, pregunte por la peor parte de esa escena y utilícelo como el target de EMDR, armando el protocolo con las preguntas estándar, pero con una leve modificación: pregunte por la imagen que representa la peor parte del peor incidente, por ej. "Cuando usted ve una imagen de si mismo/a haciendo......, que es lo peor que puede pasar?"
Después siga con el resto de las preguntas estándar, es decir, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD, y ubicación de la sensación corporal. Estimule el procesamiento del paciente con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral.
Si el desarrollo de la peor escena del paciente le provoca un miedo racional, puede que se tengan que tomar medidas prácticas para solucionar estas preocupaciones. Por ejemplo, usando la técnica de flotar hacia delante con un chico de 13 años que estaba en un hogar adoptivo transitorio, la peor escena evocada por él fue: "Me van a devolver al Hogar si esta adopción no resulta". Durante el procesamiento, el SUD se redujo de 8 a 3 con bastante rapidez pero de ahí no bajaba. El paciente comentó que no bajaba porque esta "peor escena" podría sucederle realmente y le había sucedido en el pasado. Paramos los movimientos oculares, charlamos un rato y elaboramos un plan para: a) una sesión con sus padres adoptivos para hablar sobre la permanencia de la adopción y b) una llamada en conferencia a su asesor legal para clarificar sus derechos y opciones. Volviendo al target después de esto, le fue posible reducir el SUD a 1 con unos pocos sets de movimientos oculares.
Al utilizar la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante para reprocesar la peor escena, el paciente tiene una oportunidad para resolver la ansiedad anticipatoria. Durante la instalación de la cognición positiva, el paciente está creando patrones positivos para acciones en el futuro. Una mujer cuyo hermano fue verbalmente abusivo con ella en la infancia y en la actualidad la intimidaba, armó una "peor escena" con: "Va a ser igualmente abusivo cuando lo vea la próxima vez". La paciente había hecho mucho EMDR, reprocesando incidentes de la infancia relacionados con el abuso verbal del hermano. Sin embargo, sin un referente positivo vivencial, seguía ansiosa cada vez que interactuaba con él. Pidiéndole que "flote hacia delante" y usando EMDR sobre una de las peores escenas, alivió su ansiedad respecto a una fiesta familiar que tenía pendiente. Instalando una CP de "Ahora estoy más fuerte" le permitió crear una imagen de si misma manejando a su hermano con humor y sintiéndose segura.
A aplicar las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante y ocuparse así del pasado, presente y futuro, el terapeuta de EMDR puede sanar mejor a su paciente. Es más, las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante están basadas en EMDR. Las dos incorporan las preguntas del protocolo standard y le dan al terapeuta y al paciente la oportunidad de manejarse más fluidamente con dicho protocolo.
EMDR standard protocol requires a focus of the origins of the disturbance, the triggers of this and create a pattern of behaviors appropriate to the future (Shapiro). Some patients, however, may have difficulty connecting the current problem with past events. Also, other patients may have difficulty creating positive patterns for the future, especially if you try new behaviors makes them anxious. For these problems the techniques of "float back" and "Float forward" developed by William Zangwill Ph.D., EMDR Institute trainer, are effective methods to link the past, present and future in a therapeutic area and provide the therapist tools to effectively address both issues.
THE ART OF FLOATING BACK
Addressing early memories associated with foreign material is essential to EMDR. Shapiro said that helping the patient to find early memory "must be one of the first options to consider when therapist ..." (Shapiro, 1995). Floating Technique back is a powerful and efficient way to reach this goal, allowing the therapist to assist the patient to carry out their own associations with past events. Its use is most appropriate when the clinician suspects that a disturbance that the patient is experiencing at present, is rooted in past experiences, especially when questions like "What is your earliest memory in relation to what you feel now? Not been successful in helping patients to connect with past events. Also when a patient has a recurrent theme or experience, the Backward Floating Technique is ideal for helping the patient to identify a target for reprocessing. Many patients come into contact with the current problems with relative ease. For example, a patient who complains that she feels abandoned when her husband goes on a business trip, you can probably recall their current problems with ease. Then the therapist can apply the technique Float Backwards to help the patient to remember a past event quickly and efficiently.
To use the technique to back float, arm the protocol to the current problem, using the steps listed in the Training Manual Level I and Level II (Shapiro, 1994) including the image, negative cognition (NC) positive cognition (PC), validation of cognition (VoC), emotions, Subjective Unit of Disturbance (SUD) and bodily sensation. However, it still affects the processing (ie, eye movements or other stimulation). Instead, tell your patient: "Look at the picture ... and those words (repetition of the disturbing image of the patient and negative cognition), note that emotions come from and where you sit on the body. Now close eyes and let your mind float back to an earlier period in your life, look no further, just let your mind float to a time when you thought things like ... (repeat the emotions that said the patient) .. . (repeat parts of the body where the patient felt the sensation). When you are ready open your eyes and tell me the first thing that comes to mind. "
Use this early experience as a target, completing all protocol items: image, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD and location of bodily sensations and begin processing with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation. Once this material has been processed, return to the original target of the current material. Very often we generalize the work done on the earlier material and no longer have to render the current material.
It is important to use general terms when the patient is given instructions Technique Float Backwards, ie a memory request early and not earlier. There are several reasons that support this. First, it is often the worst memory and not the first that works as the best target for reprocessing. In addition, using general terms is an aid for compulsive and perfectionistic patients who otherwise would be too concerned with avoiding failure and find exactly the first association. Finally, the flexibility that allows the use of general rather than specific terms increases the likelihood of success of the patient to connect with the past that is the goal of this technique.
The essential feature of the technique is to use Float Backwards questions of protocol to connect the problems of the present with past events. Skip the questions and were developed by Shapiro is a powerful method to help patients to tune into all aspects of their experience of the problem. The foreign material becomes more vivid and present to the patient and possible recall similar experiences. It is assumed, arguendo, that having developed the protocol with all the questions about the current problem, the neural network encourages and facilitates partnerships almost effortlessly "float back" early associations.
In addition, the patient-therapist relationship is enhanced because the therapist validates the patient's experience (current disruption) to start work from the point where the patient is. Partnerships are the patient, eliminating the issue of resistance to any idea or interpretation introduced by the therapist. The patient realizes experientially connecting the present with the past by using the technique Float Backwards, can avoid the avoidance and other defenses.
THE ART OF FLOATING FORWARD
While technology enables Float Backwards often patients to see and feel the connection between the current problem and past events, the forward float technique allows the patient to identify and reprocess anticipatory anxiety and develop positive patterns the future. It is a method that can be used at any time of the therapeutic process to troubleshoot crashes, reluctance and in some cases, resistance or topics of ancillary benefits or losses. It is especially useful for working with the patient's fear to do EMDR.
To put this into practice, first ask the patient to imagine the worst that can happen if you "X" (eg. Try a new behavior, test a new skill, start a new experience.) What's the worst that can happen if you EMDR? That's the worst that can happen if you solve this problem? What's the worst that can happen if you put your head limits on the amount of work expected to do? The patient may need help to identify the worst scene. Some suggestions include fear of losing control of his emotions, fear of losing control of their bodily functions such as bowel and bladder control, fear of having a panic attack and can not manage their emotional life between sessions.
Once the patient has identified the incident, ask for the worst part of that scene and use it as the target of EMDR, setting up the protocol with the standard questions, but with a slight modification: ask for the image that represents the worst of worst incident, eg. "When you see a picture of him / herself by ......, it's the worst that can happen?"
Then follow with the rest of the standard questions, ie, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD, and location of bodily sensation. Stimulate the processing of patients with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation.
If the development of the patient's worst scene provokes a rational fear, you may have to take practical steps to address these concerns. For example, using the technique of floating forward with a boy of 13 who was in a temporary foster home, the worst scene evoked for him was: "I will return home if this adoption is not." During processing, the LDS was reduced from 8 to 3 fairly quickly but it does not down. The patient said he did not go down because the "worst scene" could really happen and had happened in the past. Eye movements stopped, we chatted a while and developed a plan for: a) a meeting with her adoptive parents to discuss the permanence of the adoption and b) a conference call to his legal adviser to clarify your rights and options. Returning to the target after that, it was possible to reduce the LDS-1 with a few sets of eye movements.
Using Floating Technique forward to reprocess the worst scenario, the patient has an opportunity to resolve the anticipatory anxiety. During the installation of the positive cognition, the patient is creating positive patterns for future action. A woman whose brother was verbally abusive to her children and now intimidated, put together a "worst stage" with: "It will be equally unfair when I see him next time." The patient had done much EMDR reprocessing childhood incidents related to verbal abuse of his brother. However, without a positive reference experiential, still anxious every time I interacted with him. Asking him to "float forward" and using EMDR on one of the worst scenes, relieved her anxiety about a family party that was pending. Installing a CP of "I'm stronger now allowed him to create an image of herself driving her brother with humor and feeling safe.
To apply the techniques to float back and forth and deal well past, present and future, the EMDR therapist can heal your patient better. Moreover, techniques to float back and forth are based on EMDR. Both incorporate the standard protocol questions and give the therapist and the patient the opportunity to be managed more smoothly with this protocol.
Keywords: Floatback Technique Float Foward Technique
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. Grand, D. (2001, May). Flow EMDR - Advanced clinical practice. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Although the structured protocols and procedures of EMDR practice have provided therapists
with enhanced healing opportunities, the awkwardness of the procedure remains unnatural to
many EMDR therapists. However, EMDR can be modified to a more natural face-to-face
flowing treatment process.
This presentation will comprehensively examine flow EMDR and its dual naturalising
components of "essential listening" and extended bi-lateral stimulation. "Essential listening"
entails the therapists accepting that all potential answers reside in the clients system.
This information and the ensuing healing process is supported by the therapist suspending all meta
communications emanating from the client. Following this procedure, combined with the
targeted information of the protocol activated by bi-lateral stimulation, allows the client to
process information until they arrive at their "essential truths".
Flow EMDR also utilises longer sets and/or continuous bi-lateral stimulation afforded by
auditory and tactile stimulation. Innovations in eye movement, called ''paint brushing", will
also be demonstrated with varied pace, direction, pausing and distance. Auditory stimulation
will be reviewed as to its current modes and tactile stimulation will also be explored in terms
of tapping, pressing and mechanical activation.
Flow EMDR also actively integrates ego state work, part protocols, multiple protocols,
parallel protocols, self questioning interweaves, targeting of present mood states, resource
activation's of locating and installing positive body sensations and body processing enhanced
by colour and image associations.
This presentation will include lecture, clinical demonstratipn, audience participation and
extensive hand-out material.
Keywords: Essential Listening Flow EMDR
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. Connor, P. K. (2005). Guideline-based programs in the treatment of complex PTSD. Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The term “post-traumatic stress disorder” (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnostic label, being formally recognized in 1980 in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Illness – Third Edition (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980). Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CP) is a more recently discussed, and newly-classified, phenomenon, initially discussed in the early 1990s (Herman, 1992a). Thus, as research into effective treatments for CP is sparse, the treatment of CP is the topic of this study, in which a guideline-based treatment program developed by the researcher for the treatment of CP is implemented and evaluated. Ten individuals participated in this study, undertaking individualized, guideline-based treatment programs spanning a period of six months. In providing background information relevant to this study, an explanation is provided regarding the nature of CP, and the reasons for its consideration as a separate phenomenon to PTSD. The adequacy of the PTSD formulation in enabling effective assessment and treatment of CP is also explored, with endorsement of previous researchers’ conclusions that the CP construct is more useful than the PTSD construct for assessing and treating survivors of long-term and multiple forms of abuse. The PTSD classification is restrictive, and not necessarily appropriate for certain forms of trauma (such as prolonged trauma, or multiple forms of trauma), as such trauma experiences may lead to specific effects that lay outside those formerly associated with PTSD. Such effects include alterations in affect regulation, consciousness, self-perception, interpersonal relationships, and in systems of meaning. Following discussion regarding the PTSD/CP classification, an examination of treatment methods currently used in the treatment of PTSD, and a review of treatment outcome studies, takes place. The adequacy of primary treatment methods in treating CP symptoms is then examined, with the conclusion that a range of treatment methods could potentially be useful in the treatment of CP symptoms. Individuals with a diagnosis of CP may benefit from the adoption of an eclectic approach, drawing on different treatment options for different symptoms, and constantly evaluating client progress and re-evaluating interventions. This review of treatment approaches is followed by details of an initial study undertaken to obtain feedback from individuals who had suffered long-term/multiple trauma and who had received treatment. Participants in this initial study were asked open-ended questions regarding the treatment approach they had experienced, the most useful aspect of the treatment, the least useful aspect, and other strategies/treatment approaches that may have been useful – but which were not used. The feedback obtained from these individuals was used to inform the development of treatment guidelines for use in the main study, as were recommendations made by Chu (1998). The predominant focus of the treatment guidelines was “ego strengthening”, a term coined by Chu (1998) to describe the “initial (sometimes lengthy) period of developing fundamental skills in maintaining supportive relationships, developing self-care strategies, coping with symptomatology, improving functioning, and establishing a positive self identity” (p.75). Using a case study approach, data are then presented relating to each of the ten individuals involved in the treatment program: details of his/her trauma experience(s)and the impact of the trauma (as perceived by each individual); details of each individual’s treatment program (as planned, and as implemented); post-treatment evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of the treatment program (from the therapist’s perspective); and details of the symptoms reported by the individual post-treatment, via psychometric assessment and also during interview. Analysis and discussion of the data relating to the ten participants in the study are the focal point of this study. The evaluation of the effectiveness of each individual’s treatment has been based predominantly on qualitative data, obtained from an analysis of language (discourse analysis) used by participants to describe their symptoms pre- and post-treatment. Both blatant and subtle changes in the language used by participants to describe themselves, their behaviour, and their relationships pre- and post-treatment have provided an insight into the possible changes that occurred as a result of the treatment program. The language used by participants has been a rich source of data, one that has enabled the researcher to obtain information that could not be obtained using psychometric assessment methods. Most of the participants in this study portrayed notable changes in many of the CP symptoms, including being more stable and having improved capacity to explore their early abuse. Although no direct cause-effect relationship between the participants’ treatment program and the improvements described can be established from this study, the participants’ perception that the program assisted them with their symptoms, and reported many aspects of “ego strengthening”, is of major importance. Such self-perception of strength and empowerment is important if an individual is going to be able to deal with past trauma experiences. In fact, abreactive work may have a greater chance of succeeding if those who have experienced long-term or multiple trauma are feeling more empowered, and more stable, as were the participants in this study (post-intervention). In concluding this study, recommendations have been made in regard to the use of guideline-based treatment programs in the responsible treatment of CP. Strengths and limitations of this study have also been highlighted, and recommendations have been made regarding possibilities for future research related to CP treatment. On the whole, this study has supported strongly other research that highlights the importance of focusing on “ego strengthening” in assisting those who have suffered long-term/multiple trauma experiences. Thus, a guideline-based program focusing on assisting sufferers of long-term trauma with some, or all, of the symptoms of CP, is recommended as an important first stage of any treatment of individuals who have experienced long-term/multiple trauma, allowing them to develop the emotional and psychological strength required to deal with past traumatic events. Clinicians who are treating patients whose history depicts long-term or multiple trauma experiences (either from their childhood, or at some stage in their adult life) need, therefore, to be mindful of assessing individuals for symptoms of CP – so that they can treat these symptoms prior to engaging in any work associated directly with the past traumatic experiences. [Author abstract]
D.H.Sc.(Psych.) thesis, School of Psychology.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. International Society for Study of Trauma and Dissociation. (2011, March). Guidelines for treating dissociative identity disorder in adults, third revision. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 12, 115–187. doi:10.1080/15299732.2011.537247.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD), the former
name of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation
(ISSTD), adopted the Guidelines for Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder
(Multiple Personality Disorder) in Adults in 1994. However, the Guidelines
must be responsive to developments in the field and require ongoing review.
The first revision of the Guidelines was proposed by the ISSD’s Standards
of Practice Committee1 and was adopted by the ISSD Executive Council
in 1997 after substantial comment from the ISSD membership. The second
revision of the Guidelines was requested and approved in 2005 based on the
expertise of a task force of expert clinicians and researchers.2 The current revision was undertaken by a new task force3 in 2009 and 2010 after input
from an open-ended survey of the membership.
The current revision of the Guidelines focuses specifically on the
treatment of dissociative identity disorder (DID) and those forms of dissociative
disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) that are similar to DID.
It is intended as a practical guide to the management of adult patients
and represents a synthesis of current scientific knowledge and informed
clinical practice. There is a separate Guidelines for the Evaluation and
Treatment of Dissociative Symptoms in Children and Adolescents (ISSD,
2004) available through the ISSTD and published in the Journal of Trauma
& Dissociation. The American Psychiatric Association (2004) has published
Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder
(ASD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which may be relevant to
the treatment of DID.
Keywords: Adults DID Dissociation Dissociative Identity Disorder Practice Guidelines Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Grey, E. (2009, August). Holistically stressed: A qualitative investigation of EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
To the researcher’s knowledge, there is no phenomenological knowledge of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with a sub-clinical stressed population. The vast majority of EMDR research has focused on traumatized and clinical populations, leaving a significant gap in what the non-traumatized or sub-clinically stressed participants’ experience. Sub-clinical stress includes any level of stress that does not meet the DSM-IV-TR’s criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or acute stress disorder (ASD). Additionally, a gap in the literature exists in giving a voice to the participants’ experience of EMDR treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived experiences of body sensations, emotions, beliefs, and imagery during EMDR treatment of participants with sub-clinical stress. Participants fit into either a young adult (18-35), adult (36-49), or older adult (50-60) maturity category and did not meet the criteria for PTSD or ASD. The sample consisted of 12 participants, from a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States. The participants chief complaints included economic stress, relationship stressor, and critical self-talk. The researcher employed a qualitative phenomenological design to gather data in order to answer the research question: what are the lived experiences of sub-clinically stressed participants’ body sensations, beliefs, emotions, and memory imagery during EMDR treatment? The data was collected using the EMDRIA approved research treatment protocol. The researcher included the floatback technique in every reprocessing session to complying with the tenet of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. After installing a safe-place and five reprocessing sessions, the researcher administered a final interview asking questions about what the participants’ experienced in their body, thoughts, emotions, and memory images. All reprocessing session were completed when the participant indicated a SUDs of ‘0’ and a VOC of ‘7’. The data collected during every reprocessing session and the final interviews were analyzed using constant comparative techniques and open coding; verified with member check techniques. The results identify five thematic holistic experiences common in all participants. The themes of responsibility, safety, choices, power, and value emerged from the data. The findings indicate a participants’ lived experience may expand the cognitive themes described in the Adaptive Information Processing Model. The themes of responsibility, safety, power, and value were targeted and reprocessed as disturbing memories. The participants experienced these themes as feeling overly responsible, unsafe, valueless, and/or powerless. The holistic manifestation of the themes of choices emerged as the outcome towards a more adaptive perspective of the disturbing targeted memories. The results of this study further indicate that it may be beneficial to address all four maladaptive themes in mind and body for effective sub-clinical stress resolution. The findings inform scholarly and clinical understanding of the Adaptive Information Processing Model concepts of responsibility, safety, and choices. The findings of this study preliminarily expand the previously unknown holistic manifestation of these themes in sub-clinical participants’ lived sensory experiences. These themes are now in need of additional research to verify and validate the findings of this study.
Keywords: Poster Sub-Clinical Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
60. Coste, L. (2010, May). Incidences de l'utilisation du TacAudioScan sur le protocole EMDR [Implications of the use of EMDR protocol on TacAudioScan]. EMDRRevue, Theorie et Clinique Therapeutiques.
Language: French
Format: Other
Abstract:
Tout un pan de recherches s'ouvre à nous dans le domaine encore insuffisamment inexploré en EMDR, de l'incidence de la modulation du signal dans le traitement et en particulier au cours de la bilatéralité alternée.
A whole research open to us in the field still unexplored insufficiently EMDR, the impact of the modulation signal in the processing and especially during the alternating bilaterality.
Keywords: Bilaterality Modulation Signal TacAudioScan
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. Woodward, V. (2000, December). Incorporating EMDR and psychodrama into therapy. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(Special Edition), 16-18.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
The Mental Health Treatment Supervisor at the Danville Center for Adolescent Females where I worked previously is a secure, residential treatment program for girls between ages 14 and 18 who have been adjudicated by the courts. Residents are supervised at all times. There is almost continuous interaction with staff, except for brief periods when residents are expected to work on clinical issues in their rooms. Doors to rooms are always open during waking hours, with 15-minute checks performed. Residents deemed to be at risk of hurting themselves or others can be placed on one-to-one supervision. If a resident become physically aggressive or is threatening to herself or others, she can be restrained.
Keywords: Psychodrama
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. Frustaci, A., Pozzi, G., Aurigemma, C., La Rosa, C., Lanza, G., Fernandez, I., & Ruggeri, G. (2006, Febbraio). Indicatori di cambiamento in pazienti con disturbi da eventi stressanti: Impiego della heart rate variability [Indicators of change in patients with disorders of stressful events: Use of heart rate variability]. Poster presentato al XI Congresso SOPSI (Società Italiana di Psicopatologia), Roma, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Introduzione: i pazienti traumatizzati presentano alterazioni sintomatiche quali intrusività, evitamento ed aumentato arousal, che ostacolerebbe la possibilità di elaborazione/integrazione
delle tracce mnesiche, oltre ad esprimersi a livello periferico. Tecniche specifiche di trattamento sembrano promuovere
l’elaborazione/integrazione delle memorie traumatiche, tra cui la Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR). Nella ricerca valutativa è quindi necessario affiancare alle scale psicologiche un appropriato indicatore
biologico di attivazione neurovegetativa. La variabilità della frequenza cardiaca (Heart Rate Variability – HRV) esprime
l’integrità funzionale del sistema neurovegetativo in risposta
allo stress e può essere misurata nei domini di tempo o di frequenza. Lo studio della HRV è stato applicato in psichiatria ai disturbi
d’ansia (panico, DOC, PTSD) e dell’umore (depressione unipolare) in ricerche trasversali (confronto con controlli sani) e longitudinali di trattamento farmacologico (triciclici,
SSRIs) ma in pochi casi a trattamenti psicoterapici. Gli AA. valutano l’impiego della HRV come indicatore biologico nel trattamento psicoterapeutico di pazienti con Disturbo dell’adattamento erdurante da oltre un mese dopo l’esposizione ad eventi vitali stressanti (EVS). Metodi: sono stati reclutati 6 soggetti (M/F = 1/5, età 40,5 ± 11,0) esposti ad EVS ed avviati a ciclo di trattamento psicoterapico
breve (4-6 sedute a cadenza settimanale) di tipo
specifico (EMDR) o generico (colloqui supportivi). Costituivano criteri di esclusione: età < 18 o > 65 anni; comorbilità psichiatrica, neurologica e cardiologica; uso di farmaci interferenti. Le valutazioni psicopatologiche sono state eseguite al reclutamento
(TBASE: colloquio anamnestico, MINI, Brief
COPE), a inizio e fine ciclo di trattamento (TINI, TFINE: IES, SCL-90-R), a uno e tre mesi di follow-up (T30, T90: IES, SCL-90-R, Brief COPE). Le registrazioni Holter sono state effettuate ad ogni intervallo valutativo coprendo: 60 min. attività libera, 10 min. tilt-test, 3-5 min. ascolto dell’evento traumatico, 30-45 min. seduta psicoterapica. Sono stati impiegati test statistici non parametrici per l’analisi
delle correlazioni (Spearman) e delle differenze
(Wilcoxon). Risultati preliminari: vengono valutate le correlazioni a TINI e le variazioni T90 vs. TINI. Sono significative le seguenti correlazioni: ansia fobica SCL e SDNN (dev. standard intervalli R-R) [r = + 0,9; p = ,037]; collera-ostilità
SCL e SDNN [r = -0,95; p =.014]; depressione SCL e
r-MSSD (radice media somma quadrati diff. R-R) [r = + 0,9; p = ,037]; sint. intrusivi IES e LF (basse frequenze) [r
= -0,9; p = ,037]. Sono risultate statisticamente significative le seguenti variazioni:
IES totale [Z = -1,99; p = ,046], sintomi intrusivi IES [Z = -2,21; p = ,027], sintomi di evitamento IES [Z = -1,99; p = ,046], ideazione paranoide SCL [Z = -2,21; p = ,027]; R-R, LF e LF/HF (rapporto basse/alte frequenze) durante ascolto evento [Z = -2,02; p = ,043].
Discussione: a livello basale gli indicatori HRV di distress vegetativo correlano positivamente con collera-ostilità e sintomi intrusivi, negativamente con ansia e depressione. Anche dopo tre mesi dalla fine del trattamento gli interventi psicoterapeutici tendono a ridurre i punteggi sintomatici, e migliorano il bilancio simpato-vagale durante il riascolto dell’evento traumatico.
Introduction: trauma patients have symptomatic changes such as intrusiveness, avoidance and increased arousal, which hampers the development / integration
of memory traces, as well as speak at the peripheral level. Specific techniques of treatment seem to promote
the formulation and integration of traumatic memories, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR). In evaluation research is therefore necessary to combine psychological scales appropriate indicator
organic autonomic activation. The heart rate variability (Heart Rate Variability - HRV) expresses
functional integrity of the autonomic nervous system in response
stress and can be measured in time or frequency domains. The study of HRV has been applied in psychiatric disorders
anxiety (panic, DOC, PTSD) and mood (unipolar depression) in cross-disciplinary (compared with healthy controls) and longitudinal drug treatment (tricyclic
SSRIs), but in a few cases in psychotherapeutic treatment. The AA. evaluate the use of HRV as a biological indicator in the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients with adjustment disorder erdurante more than a month after exposure to stressful life events (EVS). Methods: 6 subjects were recruited (M / F = 1 / 5, age 40.5 ± 11.0) exposed to EVS and initiated treatment cycle psychotherapeutic
short (4-6 sessions weekly) type
specific (EMDR) or generic (hearing supported). Exclusion criteria were: age <18 or> 65 years, psychiatric comorbidity, neurological and cardiological, use of drugs interfering. Psychopathological assessments were performed at recruitment
(TBASE: anamnestic interview, MINI, Brief
COPE) at the beginning and end of treatment cycle (TINI, TFINE: IES, SCL-90-R) in a three-month follow-up (T30, T90: IES, SCL-90-R, Brief COPE). Holter recordings were made at each interval evaluation covering: 60 min. free activity, 10 min. tilt-test, 3-5 min. listening to the traumatic event, 30-45 minutes. psychotherapy session. Were used nonparametric statistical tests for analysis
correlations (Spearman) and differences
(Wilcoxon). Preliminary results: the correlations are evaluated and changes TINI vs. T90. TINI. Significant correlations are the following: SCL phobic anxiety and SDNN (standard dev. RR intervals) [r = + 0.9, p =, 037]; anger-hostility
SCL SDNN [r = -0.95, p =. 014]; SCL depression
r-mssd (root mean square sum diff. RR) [r = + 0.9, p =, 037]; sint. IES intrusive and LF (low frequency) [r
= -0.9, P =, 037]. Were statistically significant, the following changes:
IES total [Z = -1.99, p =, 046], IES intrusive symptoms [Z = -2.21, p =, 027], symptoms of avoidance IES [Z = -1.99, p =, 046] , SCL paranoid [Z = -2.21, p =, 027], RR, LF and LF / HF ratio (low / high frequencies) while listening event [Z = -2.02, p =, 043].
Discussion: At baseline HRV indicators of distress correlated positively with growing anger-hostility, and intrusive symptoms, negatively with anxiety and depression. Even after three months of the end of psychotherapeutic treatment interventions aimed at reducing symptom scores and enhance sympathetic vagal balance during the playback of the traumatic event.
Keywords: Heart Rate Variability Poster Stress Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. Grand, D. (1995, June). Integrating EMDR into the psychodynamic treatment process. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The discovery of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has led to a structured treatment model conceptualized
in cognitive constructs (the three pronged approach). Based on the diagnostic and treatment situation, this may or may not, be easily
integrated into a psychodynamic (insight oriented) treatment approach. However, I have empirically found a dramatic, acceleration
and deepening of the psychodynamic treatment process with patients when flexibly utilizing EMDR in session. This presentation
will explore the different applications of EMDR incorporating Freudian, ego psychological, separation/individuation and self
psychological theories with practice wisdom derived from extensive case material. Attention will be given to the associative
process, screen memories, dream work, resistance, transference, countertransference and character analysis. The structural (id, ego
and superego) and topographical (unconscious, preconscious and conscious) models of the mind as well as the listening process will
be examined as they inform the use of EMDR. Particular focus will be devoted to how the cognitive interweave can be expanded
conceptually to incorporate the techniques of interpretation and mirroring. The anxieties, resistances and allegiance issues evoked in
the psychodynamically trained therapist, as they attempt to integrate EMDR into their practices will also be addressed.
Keywords: Psychodynamic
Accuracy Verified: Yes
64. Heber, R., & Shapiro, S. (2002, June). Integrating EMDR with psychoanalytic constructs in dealing with open-ended trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Recent acts of terrorism dictate re-examination of therapeutic srrategies when dealing wlth traumatic events without true closure and involving environmental stressors common to therapist and client. Thc participant will learn to 1) identify issues that arise open-ended and and shared events; 2) identify and address transference, counter-transference and subjective counter-transference; 3) the therapist's own triggers, responses, and needs for personal
support; 4) utilize the client's narrative to identify past and current issues and
client coping methods. Case illustrations will be included.
Keywords: Open-Ended Trauma Psychoanalytic Constructs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Forgash, C. A. (2006, June). The integration of EMDR and ego state. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop, heterogeneous and complex disorders, including PTSD, is a highly complex set of diagnostics was traumatized patients focuses on integrating identity status and EMDR. These problems are usually the people who lived and stabilization to establish a therapeutic relationship to work with, management, heterogeneous resistance to influence symptoms and the need for large-scale preparation.
Availability to work with this self EMDR to integrate in the extended protocol, only the heterogeneous symptoms of PTSD and reach can be disposed much more comprehensive results.
Trauma, loss and the related disorders of the effects of empathy and understanding by working with an approach that meets with the patient and help resolve critical issues of our life plan and create.
Workshops open and clear theoretical base, technical innovation and EMDR and ego state work in the field of practical strategies and case presentations will take place.
With these workshops, participants will understand the following topics
1. Self status of the theory of information processing model can be associated with Apate
2. Foundations of the theory of self status
3. EMDR and the status of all Self reasons
4. Separation and stabilization strategies for specific disorders help to manage
5. Processing phase to be resolved in EMDR trauma provider of advanced techniques assemblies
Keywords: Ego State Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. Spence, J. ( 2012, October). Internet based treatments for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Can eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) be delivered via the internet and is exposure necessary for internet‐based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT)for PTSD?. Poster presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the International Socitey for Traumatic Stress Studies, Los Angeles, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Internet‐delivered interventions for Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are potentially able to reduce
barriers to treatment such as cost, distance and time requirements (Spence et al., 2011). Such
interventions to date have been based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with promising results
(Amstadter et al., 2009). We conducted an open trial (N=15) of Internet‐based Eye Movement
Desensitzation and Reprocessing (iEMDR) for PTSD. Participants showed moderate effect size reductions
in symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety. Importantly, this protocol was not well tolerated.
Consequently, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (N=128) to determine whether exposure was
necessary when treating PTSD via the Internet. Preliminary results from this trial show that participants
who received a full CBT protocol including exposure components reported significantly lower
improvements in PTSD symptoms than participants who received the same protocol without an
exposure components. The findings from this program of research provide initial evidence that exposure
components may not be advantageous when treating PTSD via the Internet.
Keywords: Computer-Based Tratment Internet Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Spence, J. M., & Johnston, L. (2011, August-September). Internet-based CBT and EMDR for posttraumatic stress disorder: the results from two trials. Presentation at the 41st EABCT annual conference, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objectives: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe,
distressing, and chronic condition. Limited availability of
appropriately trained professionals is a significant barrier to
accessing appropriate treatment. This presentation reports the
results of two pilot studies: (i) a pilot RCT of Internet-based
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); (ii) an open trial of Internetbased
eye movement desensitzation and reprocessing (EMDR) for
PTSD. RCT: Internet-delivered CBT
Methods: 43 people with PTSD were randomly allocated to
receive clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment for PTSD, or to
a waitlist control condition. Participants in the clinician-assisted
version received access to the 7-lesson PTSD program plus regular
emails from a clinician, automatic reminder emails, and access to
an online discussion forum.
Results: Participants reported significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, depression and anxiety (Cohen’s d respectively: 1.3,
1.2 and 0.7). Furthermore, participant satisfaction with the
treatment program was high.
Conclusions: PTSD is a disabling disorder, but access to
treatment is limited for many people. Developing addditional
effective techniques for treating patients with PTSD is an
important priority for mental health clinicians. OPEN TRIAL:
Internet-delivered EMDR
Methods: This trial is due to commence in March, 2011 and will
run for 8 weeks. It involves 15 people with PTSD allocated to
receive internet-based EMDR in addition to the existing internetbased
CBT protocol used in the above RCT. To our knowledge, this
is the first time that EMDR has been delivered via the internet or
tested despite EMDR being recommended as a first-line
intervention for PTSD by several treatment guidelines for PTSD [1,
2]. We expect that clinically significant improvements will be
observed and that participants will rate the EMDR module as
acceptable.
Keywords: Internet-Based CBT Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Spence, J., Titov, N., Johnston, L., Dear, B. F., Wootton, B., Terides, M., & Zou, J. (2013, March). Internet-delivered eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (iEMDR): An open trial [v1; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/8l]. F1000Research, 2, 79. doi:10.12688/f1000research.2-79.v1).
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Recent research indicates internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) can reduce symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the efficacy of an internet-delivered treatment protocol that combined iCBT and internet-delivered eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (iEMDR), in an uncontrolled trial. Eleven of the 15 participants completed post-treatment questionnaires. Large effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (d = 1.03 – 1.61) on clinician-assessed and self-reported measures of PTSD, anxiety and distress, with moderate effect sizes (d = 0.59 – 0.70) found on measures of depression and disability. At post-treatment, 55% of the participants no longer met criteria for PTSD and this was sustained at follow-up. Symptom worsening occurred in 3 of 15 (20%) of the sample from pre- to post-treatment; however, these participants reported overall symptom improvement by follow-up. Future research directions for iEMDR are discussed.
Keywords: Internet-Delivered
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Greenwald, R. (1997, June). Is EMDR being held to an unfair standard? Rejoinder to Van Ommeren (1996). Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 28(3), 306. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.28.3.306.a .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Author points out a propensity among some professionals to respond unfairly to data supporting EMDR, and he calls for open-minded critical analysis of available data. [Adapted from Text]
Keywords: Letter Professional Criticism Reply
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. Burrone, T. I. M. (2008, Novembre). L'uso dell"EMDR nella terapia coppia [The use of EMDR in couples therapy]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
La trasversalità dell’uso dell’EMDR e la sua utilità, si conferma anche nell’approccio sistemico e nella terapia di coppia. In particolare il modello descritto da Mark D. Moses è stato evidenziato secondo le modalità che si presentano di seguito.
Il presente lavoro intende dimostrare nell’esperienza clinica l’utilità dell’uso del modello che si sostanzia nel seguente modo:
Assesment approfondito della problematica di coppia e delle rispettive famiglie d’origine, con particolar riguardo ai modelli d’attaccamento di ogni partner, e come questi si riproducono all’interno della coppia.
Somministrazione dell’EMDR a turni alternati ai membri della coppia con presenza in seduta dell’altro coniuge.
Psicoeducazione e coping dei coniugi sulle modalità d’ascolto reciproco durante gli interventi di EMDR.
Saranno presentati esempi clinici con la modalità di lavoro sopradescritta.
The transversality use EMDR and its usefulness is confirmed in the approach and systemic couples therapy. In particular, the model described by Mark D. Moses was shown in that manner are presented below.
This paper aims to demonstrate clinical usefulness in the experience of the use of the model is substantiated as follows:
Thorough assesment of the problem as a couple and their families of origin, particularly with regard to patterns of attachment of each partner, and how they reproduce within the couple.
EMDR administration in alternate years to the couple sitting in there with the other spouse.
Psychoeducation and coping of spouses on how listening to each other while performing EMDR.
Clinical examples will be presented with the working method described above.
Keywords: Couples Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Haour, F., & Servan-Schreiber, D. (2009). Les bases neuroscientifiques de l’EMDR [Neuroscientific bases of EMDR]. In J. Cottraux (Ed.), TCC et Neurosciences (pp.187-202). Issy-les-Moulineaux: Elsevier Masson.
Language: French
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
France Haour et David Servan-Schreiber présentent avec clarté la désensibilisation
par les mouvements oculaires et le retraitement de l’information (EMDR),
ainsi que les études qui ont été effectuées par des méthodes neuroscientifiques
pour tester ces processus. Plusieurs points restent néanmoins en suspens. Effectivement,
l’EMDR est d’efficacité démontrée dans le stress post-traumatique, et
les traumatismes plus légers, mais il n’y a pas de données dures pour le valider
dans d’autres indications. De plus, son processus, comme il est souligné dans le
chapitre, demeure controversé. Il ne faudrait pas oublier qu’un EMDR sans
mouvements oculaires aboutit à de résultats identiques à ceux d’un EMDR avec
mouvements oculaires, dans la méta-analyse de Davidson et Parker (2001), qui
inclut 13 études comparant ces deux conditions. Cinq méta-analyses ne retrouvent
pas de différence d’efficacité entre TCC et EMDR. Ces faits expérimentaux
ont amené aussi bien l’Association psychiatrique américaine (2004) que le rapport
INSERM (2004) à classer l’EMDR dans les TCC, dont il représente une variante
technique, sans véritable discontinuité. Par ailleurs, l’analogie souvent
faite entre EMDR et la phase REM (phase paradoxale du sommeil correspondant
au rêve et à des mouvements oculaires rapides) n’est qu’une hypothèse et
ne repose pas à ce jour sur des données scientifiques. Enfin, toutes les thérapies
d’exposition utilisent des distracteurs (relaxation, images mentales de sécurité,
pensées positives) pour faciliter l’accès aux émotions liées au traumatisme.
L’hypnose, qui a montré son efficacité dans le stress post-traumatique lors
d’une seule étude contrôlée (Brom, 1989), elle aussi, se sert de mouvements
oculaires, pour capter l’attention. Ainsi faisait son ancêtre, Franz Anton Mesmer,
comme le montre le rapport établi en 1784 par la commission royale sur le
magnétisme animal (Darnton, 1995). Quoi qu’il en soit, l’EMDR propose un
protocole utile, robuste et aisé à enseigner et à appliquer.
France Haour and David Servan-Schreiber present with clarity desensitization
Eye Movement and reprocessing of information (EMDR)
and studies that have been conducted by neuroscientists methods
to test these processes. Several points are still open. Indeed,
EMDR is proven efficacy in post-traumatic stress, and
lighter injuries, but there is no hard data to validate
in other indications. In addition, its process, as outlined in the
chapter remains controversial. We should not forget that EMDR without
eye movements leads to results identical to those of EMDR with
eye movements in the meta-analysis of Davidson and Parker (2001), which
includes 13 studies comparing these two conditions. Five meta-analyzes found
no difference in efficacy between CBT and EMDR. These experimental facts
led both the American Psychiatric Association (2004) report that the
INSERM (2004) to classify EMDR in CBT, which is a variant
technique, no real discontinuity. Moreover, the analogy often
made between EMDR and REM sleep (REM sleep corresponding
dreams and rapid eye movement) is only a hypothesis and
not based so far on scientific data. Finally, all therapies
exposure using distractors (relaxation, mental imagery security
positive thoughts) to facilitate access to the emotions related to the trauma.
Hypnosis, which has shown its effectiveness in post-traumatic stress in
one controlled study (Brom, 1989), it also uses movements
eye for attention. So was his ancestor, Franz Anton Mesmer,
as shown in the report prepared in 1784 by the Royal Commission on
Animal Magnetism (Darnton, 1995). Anyway, EMDR offers a
useful protocol, robust and easy to teach and apply.
Keywords: Neuroscience Neuroscientific Bases
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Noga, S. (2001, May 14). Letters: EMDR not hypnosis. Detroit, MI: The Detroit News, No Dot, Letters, 08A.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
I am a practitioner of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The writer evidently knows little if anything about EMDR as she claims it is "hypnotic" and leaves clients open to suggestions (of sexual abuse) during the procedure. During the use of EMDR, clients make their own associations to their own thoughts and feelings. It is not the therapists' place to make suggestions of any kind regarding a person's history during the use of EMDR. Further, EMDR is not a hypnotic method.
Keywords: Detroit General Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Nickerson, M. (2009, April). Listening to the body: Enhancing body awareness in EMDR reprocessing. Presentation at the Western Massachusetts EMDRIA Conference "EMDR and the Body," Amherst, MA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Life experience can shape how a person carries oneself (e.g. slumped shoulders, chronic scowl, etc.). Client postures and gestures can be used effectively to assist recovery from trauma. This workshop will outline specific applications of this concept including using client gestures and postures as targets for reprocessing; to enhance the connection to the NC and/or PC, as part of resource development, and as interweaves. Video recorded case material will illuminate points. Participants will practice these techniques.
Keywords: Body Awareness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. Janse, J., & Doornkate, L. (2012, June). Listening with your eyes: Exploring visual aspects of the EMDR-process [Escuchar con los ojos: la exploración de los aspectos visuales del proceso de EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In
our
therapeutic
EMDR
work
with
deaf
and
hard
of
hearing
clients,
we
are
forced
to
strongly
focus
on
the
visual
world.
But
focus
on
visual
aspects
is
not
only
necessary
with
this
client
group!
When
working
with
pre-‐verbal
trauma,
with
children
or
adults
who
are
(not
yet)
fluent
in
their
native
speech
or
when
we
use
EMDR
with
clients
that
use
a
second
language,
we
will
have
to
use
alternatives
to
spoken
languages.
When
used
correctly,
visual
input
can
enrich
and
enable
the
EMDR
process
greatly.
In
this
presentation
we
invite
visitors
to
explore
the
visual
aspects
and
possibilities
of
the
EMDR
process
with
us.
Visitors
will
feel
more
adequate
in
using
mimic,
visual
and
imaging
techniques
with
their
clients.
Video
material
will
enrich
our
presentation.
We
will
present
in
English
and
Dutch
sign
language.
Our
interpreter
will
translate
the
Dutch
sign
language
in
spoken
English.
En
nuestro
trabajo
terapéutico
con
EMDR
con
clientes
sordos
o
con
hipoacusia,
nos
vemos
obligados
a
centrarnos
mucho
en
el
mundo
visual.
Sin
embargo,
¡el
énfasis
en
los
aspectos
visuales
no
solo
es
necesario
con
este
grupo
de
pacientes!
Cuando
trabajamos
con
trauma
acaecido
durante
el
período
pre-‐verbal,
con
niños
o
con
adultos
que
(aún)
no
dominan
su
lengua
materna
o
cuando
usamos
EMDR
con
clientes
que
hablan
un
segundo
idioma,
tendremos
que
hacer
uso
de
alternativas
a
las
lenguas
habladas.
Cuando
se
emplea
correctamente,
el
input
visual
puede
enriquecer
y
capacitar
el
proceso
con
EMDR
mucho.
En
esta
presentación,
invitamos
a
los
visitantes
a
acompañarnos
en
nuestra
exploración
de
los
aspectos
visuales
y
de
las
posibilidades
del
proceso
con
EMDR.
Los
visitantes
se
sentirán
más
apropiados
con
la
utilización
de
la
mímica
y
las
técnicas
visuales
y
de
imagen
con
sus
clientes.
Los
vídeos
servirán
para
enriquecer
nuestras
presentaciones.
Presentaremos
en
inglés
y
en
el
lenguaje
de
signos
del
neerlandés.
Nuestra
intérprete
traducirá
de
lenguaje
de
signos
neerlandés
en
inglés
hablado.
Keywords: Visual Aspects of EMDR Process
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Usita, A. L. (2012, April). Mental health providers' perspectives on youth trauma services: Usual care and evidence-based practices. University of Hawaii at Hilo. 1511570.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Keywords: EBP Evidence-based practices
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Greenwald, R. (2002). Motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) therapy for adolescents with conduct problems: An open trial. In R. Greenwald (Ed.), Trauma and juvenile delinquency: Theory, research, and interventions, (pp. 237-261). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Published simultaneously as Journal of Agression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 6(10, (#11) 2002.
Keywords: Adolescents Americans Clinical Trial Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Disruptive Behavior Disorders High School Students Individual Psychotherapy Junior High School Students Preadolescents School Based Treatment Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Greenwald, R. (2002). Motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) therapy for adolescents with conduct problems: An open trial. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 6(1), 237-261. doi:10.1300/J146v06n01_12.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of adolescent conduct problems, in conjunction with other contributing factors. A trauma-focused individual therapy approach is presented as one example of how this population might be more effectively treated. This approach features motivational interviewing, self-control training (cognitive-behavioral therapy), and trauma resolution (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). This paper reports on an open trial of six adolescents with school and conduct problems who received school-based Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) treatment. Reductions in post-traumatic stress, related symptoms, and problem behaviors, along with improved school performance, indicate the value of further study of this treatment approach. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Adolescents Americans Clinical Trial Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Disruptive Behavior Disorders High School Students Individual Psychotherapy Junior High School Students Preadolescents School Based Treatment Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. Thomson, S. S. (1997, January). Music and the brain in EMDR therapy: Is music, itself, EMDR?. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(3), 23-28.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
This paper brings together my experiences with music in EMDR therapy and the experiences of myself and others with music and the brain. I describe some of the components and forms of music--e.g. imagined music, humming, singing, dance-like movements in EMDR, eliciting fom the client the words of a song, retelling the negative cognitions for a deeply-embedded song, and thythm and chanting--and how, together with EMDR, they can evoke open, integrative states which are more amenable to deep change that either is alone. I believe that since music has some of the basic attributes as EMDR, music by itself may be included with EMDR techniques, e.g. eye movements, clicking, tapping, etc.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. Pagani, M., DiLorenzo, G., Verardo, A. R., Nicolais, G., Monaco, L., Lauretti, G., Russo, R., Niolu, C., Ammaniti, M. Fernandex, I., & Siracusano, A. (2012). Neurobiological correlates of EMDR monitoring - an EEG study. PLoS ONE, 7(9), 1-12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045753.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recognized first-line treatment for psychological trauma. However its neurobiological bases have yet to be fully disclosed.
Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to fully monitor neuronal activation throughout EMDR sessions including the autobiographical script. Ten patients with major psychological trauma were investigated during their first EMDR session (T0) and during the last one performed after processing the index trauma (T1). Neuropsychological tests were administered at the same time. Comparisons were performed between EEGs of patients at T0 and T1 and between EEGs of patients and 10 controls who underwent the same EMDR procedure at T0. Connectivity analyses were carried out by lagged phase synchronization.
RESULTS: During bilateral ocular stimulation (BS) of EMDR sessions EEG showed a significantly higher activity on the orbito-frontal, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in patients at T0 shifting towards left temporo-occipital regions at T1. A similar trend was found for autobiographical script with a higher firing in fronto-temporal limbic regions at T0 moving to right temporo-occipital cortex at T1. The comparisons between patients and controls confirmed the maximal activation in the limbic cortex of patients occurring before trauma processing. Connectivity analysis showed decreased pair-wise interactions between prefrontal and cingulate cortex during BS in patients as compared to controls and between fusiform gyrus and visual cortex during script listening in patients at T1 as compared to T0. These changes correlated significantly with those occurring in neuropsychological tests.
Conclusion: The ground-breaking methodology enabled our study to image for the first time the specific activations associated with the therapeutic actions typical of EMDR protocol. The findings suggest that traumatic events are processed at cognitive level following successful EMDR therapy, thus supporting the evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during BS associated with a significant relief from negative emotional experiences.
Keywords: EEG Study Neurobiological Correlates
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Pagani, M. et al (2012, June). Neurobiological correlates of EMDR monitoring - An EEG study [Correlatos neurobiológicos y monitorización EMDR – un estudio con EEG]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Background:
Eye
Movement
Desensitization
and
Reprocessing
(EMDR)
is
a
recognized
first-‐line
treatment
for
psychological
trauma.
However
its
neurobiological
bases
have
not
been
disclosed
yet.
Methods:
Electroencephalography
was
used
for
the
first
time
to
fully
monitor
neuronal
activation
during
whole
EMDR
sessions
including
the
autobiographical
script.
Ten
clients
with
major
psychological
trauma
were
investigated
during
the
first
EMDR
session
and
during
the
last
one
performed
after
processing
the
index
trauma.
Comparisons
between
the
EEG
of
the
first
and
last
EMDR
session
and
between
the
EEG
of
the
clients
at
the
first
session
and
those
of
10
controls
undergoing
the
same
EMDR
procedure
were
performed.
Results:
During
both
script
listening
and
bilateral
stimulation
EEG
showed
significantly
higher
activity
in
the
prefrontal
limbic
cortex
(Brodmann
Areas,
BA
9-‐
10)
at
the
first
as
compared
to
the
last
EMDR
session.
The
opposite
comparison
showed
a
shift
of
the
prevalent
activity
towards
temporal,
parietal
and
occipital
cortical
regions
(BAs
20,
21,
22,
37,
17,
18,
19)
with
leftward
lateralization.
The
comparison
between
the
10
clients
and
the
10
controls
confirmed
the
maximal
activation
in
the
limbic
cortex
in
the
clients
before
processing
the
trauma.
Conclusions:
The
implemented
methodology
made
possible
to
image
for
the
first
time
the
specific
activations
associated
with
the
therapeutic
actions
contemplated
by
EMDR.
The
findings
suggested
cognitive
processing
of
traumatic
events
following
successful
EMDR
therapy
supporting
the
evidence
of
distinct
neurobiological
patterns
of
brain
activations
during
bilateral
ocular
stimulation
associated
with
a
significant
relieve
from
negative
emotional
experiences.
Antecedente
Teórico:
La
desensibilización
y
reprocesamiento
por
el
movimiento
ocular
(EMDR)
es
una
reconocida
primera
línea
para
el
tratamiento
del
trauma
psicológico.
Sin
embargo
sus
bases
neurobiológicas
no
han
sido
descifradas
todavía.
Método:
La
electroencefalografía
ha
sido
usada
por
primera
vez
para
monitorizar
completamente
la
activación
neuronal
durante
sesiones
enteras
de
EMDR
incluyendo
el
guión
autobiográfico.
10
Clientes
con
traumas
psicológicos
mayores
fueron
investigados
durante
la
primera
sesión
de
EMDR
y
durante
la
última
después
del
procesamiento
del
trauma
raíz.
Las
comparaciones
entre
los
EEG
de
la
última
y
primera
sesión
y
las
de
EEG
de
los
clientes
en
la
primera
sesión
y
10
controles
realizando
el
mismo
procedimiento
de
EMDR
fueron
realizadas.
Resultados:
Durante
ambos
procesos,
la
escucha
y
la
estimulación
bilateral,
el
EEG
mostró
una
actividad
significativamente
mayor
en
el
córtex
límbico
prefontral
(Brodmann
Areas,
BA
9-‐10)
al
principio
comparadas
con
la
última
sesión
de
EMDR.
La
comparación
opuesta
muestra
un
cambio
en
la
actividad
fundamental
entre
las
regiones
corticales
temporal,
parietal
y
occipital
(BAs
20,
21,
22,
37,
17,
18,
19)
con
lateralizaciones
hacia
la
izquierda.
La
comparación
entre
los
10
clientes
y
los
controles
confirman
la
activación
máxima
de
la
corteza
límbica
en
los
clientes
antes
de
procesar
el
trauma.
Conclusiones:
La
metodología
usada
hizo
posible
visualizar
la
neuroimagen
por
primera
vez
de
las
activaciones
cerebrales
asociadas
con
las
acciones
terapéuticas
que
acontecen
en
el
EMDR.
Los
hallazgos
sugieren
que
el
procesamiento
cognitivo
de
los
eventos
traumáticos
seguidos
de
una
terapia
EMDR
exitosa
apoyan
la
evidencia
de
un
patrón
neurobiológico
diferenciado
en
las
activaciones
del
cerebro
durante
la
estimulación
ocular
bilateral
asociados
con
una
acumulación
un
experiencias
emocionales
negativas.
Keywords: EEG Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Becker-Fritz, T., Klinker, M., & Tepper, L. (2008, September). Open forum for professors, college educators and clinicians - Identifying curriculum content on trauma and EMDR, plus create a template for college courses to impact knowledge and treatment options for graduates. Open forum presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
At the last EMDRIA Conference, one of the major concerns identified during the membership meeting was the need to get knowledge about EMDR out to college and university settings. This begins with students who are planning on pursuing a career in the health or mental health field. Courses of study do not adequately present material to students regarding trauma and treatment options. Thus, students leave their educational settings lacking knowledge about what EMDR is. This workshop is focused on both undergraduate and graduate educators who work in colleges and universities in the health care and mental health curriculum. Because students lack knowledge about trauma treatment, it could be years before they discover EMDR in their professional life. A panel discussion will provide the following learning objectives: Identify content areas to include when defining trauma; Define EMDR and summarize how it is used as a treatment option for trauma; Identify the challenges and possible solutions within colleges and university settings to include content on trauma and EMDR; and Create a template for content to include in a current course and strategies to market it to colleges in the health and mental health curriculum. The audience will be invited to give their input into the suggested content and challenged to make recommendations regarding how to best publicize the need for this curriculum and ways to achieve including it in more college course curriculum. The end result will be a suggested template that can be posted on the EMDRIA web site to assist educators and clinicians in advocating for its inclusion in their local colleges and university settings.
Keywords: Open Forum Training
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. Becker-Fritz, T., Carson, S., Donovan, L., Froning, M., Heiman, M., Packwood, S., & Peterson, G. (2002, June). Open forum to share clinical use of EMDR with child/adolescent population - Facilitated by the EMDRIA EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG Chairs. Open forum presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Because many clinicians struggle with applying the EMDR protocols with children and adolescents, this workshop will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion on this topic. The members of the panel are the current chairs of the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG and will share their clinical expertise with similar clinical situations presented from the audience. This session wll also encourage participants to share their own experiences that have been successful with this population.
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. Becker-Fritz, T., Donovan, L., Heiman, M., Packwood, S., Peterson, G., Peck, B., & Huss, B. (2005, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population. Open forum at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population as well as focus on clinical issues that can be treated effectively with EMDR. It can feel overwhleming for the clinican to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing, or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating children and adolescents. The first topic will address how the EMDR protocol may need to be adjusted to accommodate the needs or limitations for children and adolescents. The second topic will focus on what specific developmental considerations need to be considered when using EMDR with attachment disorders as well as identifying guidelines and strategies for including the family in the EMDR process with this population. The final topic will address 2 commonly seen diagnoses of AD/HD and anxiety addressing the possible negative cognitions, resource installations, and cognitive interweaves that can be used when treating children or adolescents with EMDR to resolve the trauma issues when having these disorders. The members of the panel are current chairs of the EMDRIA Chld/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience.
Keywords: Adolescents ADHD Anxiety Attachment Disorders Children Attention Deficit Hyperacitivty Disorder Developmental Considerations Open Forum
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Becker-Fritz, T., Donovan, L., Heiman, M., Waldon, A., Peck, B., Siegel, M., & Packwood, S. (2007, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population. Open forum (Moderator, T. Becker-Fritz) presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population, as well as focus on clinical issues that can be treated effectively with EMDR. It can feel overwhelming for the clinician to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating children and adolescents. The first topic will address identifying the challenges that children and adolescents present and understand adjustments in the EMDR protocol to accommodate the needs or limitations. The second topic will demonstrate how and when a structured format can facilitate effective EMDR treatment with children. The final topic will identify the challenges of using standard EMDR protocols with adolescents and special issues to consider when preparing them. The members of the panel are the current and immediate past chairs of the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience. The program will be moderated by the Executive Chair, encouraging audience participation throughout the 3 hour program.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Open Forum
Accuracy Verified: Yes
85. Becker-Fritz, T., Carson, S., Donovan, L., Froning, M., Heiman, M., Peterson, G., & Packwood, B. (2003, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population - Facilitated by the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent Special Interest Group Chairs. Open formum presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population. It can feel
overwhelming for the clinician to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing, or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3
hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating chlldren and adolsecents. Topics that will be presented and followed with audience discussion include use of EMDR with the following: attachment disorders, children and adolescents in residential treatment, dissociative disorders, sexually reactive kids, children with AD/HD, and unresolved grief issues. The members of the panel are the current chairs of the Child/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Open Forum
Accuracy Verified: Yes
86. Lazrove, S., Triffleman, E. G., Kite, L., McGlashan, T. H., & Rounsaville, B. (1998, October). An open trial of EMDR as treatment for chronic PTSD. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(4), 601-608 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In a prepilot study, 8 adults with chronic PTSD underwent 3 90-minute sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) at 1-week intervals in an open trial. None of the 7 who completed treatment met criteria for current PTSD 2 months later. Significant decreases in measures of pathology and disturbance were recorded. A controlled trial of EMDR is under way. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Clinical Trial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. Pagani, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Verardo, A. R., Nicolais, G., Lauretti, G., Russo, R., Cogolo, P., Niolu, C., Ammaniti, M., Siracusano, A., & Fernandez, I. (2012, January). P-1162 Pre- intra- and post-treatment EEG imaging of EMDR - neurobiological bases of treatment efficacy. European Psychiatry, 27(Supplement 1), 1-1. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(12)75329-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Aim: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recognized first-line treatment for psychological trauma. However its neurobiological bases have not been disclosed yet. Methods: Electroencephalography was used for the first time to fully monitor neuronal activation during whole EMDR sessions including the autobiographical script. Nine clients with major psychological trauma were investigated during the first EMDR session and during the last one performed after processing the index trauma. Comparisons between the EEG of the first and last EMDR session and between the EEG of the clients at the first session and those of 9 controls undergoing the same EMDR procedure were performed. Results: During both script listening and bilateral stimulation EEG showed significantly higher activity in the prefrontal limbic cortex (Brodmann Areas, BA 9–10) at the first as compared to the last EMDR session. The opposite comparison showed a shift of the prevalent activity towards temporal, parietal and occipital cortical regions (BAs 20, 21, 22, 37, 17, 18, 19) with leftward lateralisation. The comparison between the 9 clients and the 9 controls confirmed the maximal activation in the limbic cortex in the clients before processing the trauma. Conclusions: The implemented methodology made possible to image for the first time the specific activations associated with the therapeutic actions contemplated by EMDR. The findings suggest cognitive processing of traumatic events following successful EMDR therapy supporting the evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during bilateral ocular stimulation associated with a significant relieve from negative emotional experiences.
Keywords: EEG Imaging Neurobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. Staff. (2000). Phobia: When an irrational fear takes control. Films for the Humanities & Sciences, Princeton, NJ.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
For a person with a phobia, overcoming the fear--or at least learning how to resist its debilitating effects--can open the door to a fuller, freer life. This riveting two-part series uses MRI scans, body imaging, EEG tracing, and thermal photography to take an unflinching look at the biological and psychological mechanics of terror, as courageous patients seek to master their fears through medication, behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, desensitization, virtual reality exposure therapy, the controversial technique of flooding, and a new treatment called EMDR.
Keywords: Fear Phobias Psychosocial Factors Treatment
Accuracy Verified: No
89. Blore, D. (2012, June). Plasticity of meaning: A proposed AIP theory extension to explain the totality of psychological change in EMDR [Plasticidad del Significado: Una extensión a la teoría del modelo PAI (AIP) para explicar la totalidad del cambio psicológico en EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There
is
some
debate
(Greenwald
&
Shapiro
2010)
as
to
the
usefulness
of
AIP,
the
theory,
(which
is
more
correctly
a
hypothesis),
widely
accepted
to
underpin
EMDR.
On
the
one
hand
AIP
is
seen
as
redundant
because
of
the
extensive
evidence
base
for
EMDR.
In
essence:
EMDR
works
therefore
what
role
does
AIP
have?
On
the
other
hand
theorising
results
in
research
hypotheses,
the
expansion
of
knowledge
and
thus
further
understanding.
The
current
author
supports
the
latter
position,
but
believes
AIP
does
not
fully
account
for
psychological
change
in
EMDR.
I
shall
argue
that
AIP,
as
it
stands,
actually
constricts
research
into
EMDR
as
it
is
essentially
a
theory
of
the
reduction
of
negative
psychological
change,
although
it
does
‘leave
the
door
open’
to
the
possibility
of
positive
psychological
change
(PPC).
However,
negative
psychological
change
and
its
reduction
is
by
no
means
the
only
effect
of
EMDR.
This
suggests
that
AIP
is
a
‘partial
theory’
of
psychological
change.
It
also
means
more
fundamentally
that
there
is
a
‘blind
spot’
in
research
and
that
the
full
potential
of
EMDR
is
being
consistently
–
and
considerably
–
underestimated.
In
the
current
form
of
AIP,
the
use
of
words
such
as
‘digested’
or
‘metabolised’
whilst
extending
the
physiological
corollary
central
to
AIP,
does
little
to
explain
the
How,
Why,
and
When,
of
PPC.
I
shall
propose
a
theory
extension
I
have
coined:
‘Plasticity
of
Meaning’
(POM),
which
is
grounded
in
phenomenological
findings,
superficially
parallels
the
Consolidation
of
Memory
Theory
and
goes
at
least
some
way
to
converting
AIP
into
a
unified
theory
of
psychological
change
and
thus
provide
research
‘pointers’
to
expand
the
appreciation
of
the
potential
of
EMDR.
Existe
algo
de
debate
(Greenwald
&
Shapiro
2010)
con
respecto
a
la
utilidad
del
SPIA,
la
teoría
(mas
correctamente
nombrada
como
una
hipótesis),
ampliamente
aceptada
para
corroborar
el
EMDR.
Por
un
lado
el
procesamiento
adaptativo
de
la
información
se
ha
visto
redundante
debido
a
la
extensiva
evidencia
que
existe
para
el
EMDR.
En
esencia:
EMDR
funciona,
por
lo
tanto
¿Qué
papel
juega
el
procesamiento
de
la
información?
Por
el
otro
lado
teorizando
los
resultados
en
las
hipótesis
de
las
investigaciones,
la
expansión
del
conocimiento
y
mas
profundizado
entendimiento.
El
presente
autor
apoya
la
última
posición
descrita,
pero
piensa
que
SPIA
no
explica
completamente
los
cambios
psicológicos
que
acontecen
en
el
EMDR.
Voy
a
argumentar
que
SPIA,
tal
y
como
esta,
actualmente
reduce
la
investigación
dentro
del
EMDR
como
es
esencialmente
una
teoría
sobre
la
reducción
del
cambio
psicológico
negativo,
aunque
deja
una
puerta
abierta
a
la
posibilidad
de
cambio
psicológico
positivo.
Sin
embargo
el
cambio
psicológico
negativo
y
su
reducción
es
sin
ningún
significado
el
único
efecto
del
EMDR.
Esto
sugiere
que
la
SPIA
es
una
teoría
parcial
del
cambio
psicológico.
También
significa
más,
fundamentalmente
que
existe
un
“punto
ciego”
dentro
de
la
investigación
que
tiene
un
gran
potencial
en
el
EMDR
que
está
siendo
consistentemente
y
considerablemente
ignorado.
En
la
actual
forma
del
SPIA,
el
uso
de
palabras
como
“digerido”
o
“metabolizado”,
mientras
se
extiende
el
corolario
fisiológico
central
para
la
SPIA,
hace
poco
para
explicar
el
cómo
el
porqué
y
el
cuándo
del
cambio
psicológico
positivo.
Yo
propongo
una
extensión
a
la
teoría
que
he
acuñado:
“La
Plasticidad
del
Significado”
(PDS),
que
está
basada
en
hallazgos
fenomenológicos,
superficialmente
paralelos
a
la
Teoría
de
la
Consolidación
de
la
Memoria
y
va
por
lo
menos
de
alguna
manera
convirtiendo
la
SPIA
a
una
teoría
unificada
del
cambio
psicológico
y
que
proporciona
marcadores
de
investigación
para
extender
el
reconocimiento
del
potencial
del
EMDR.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP David Blore Plasticity of Meaning
Accuracy Verified: Yes
90. van der Kolk, B. A. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder and the nature of trauma. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2(1), 7-22.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The role of psychological trauma (e.g., rape, physical assaults, torture, motor vehicle accidents) as an etiological factor in mental disorders, anticipated as early as the 19th century by Janet, Freud, and Breuer, and more specifically during World War I and II by Kardiner, was "rediscovered" some 20 years ago in the wake of the psychlogical traumas inflicted by the Vietnam war and the discussion "in the open" of sexual abuse and rape by the women's liberation movement. 1980 marked a major turning point, with the incorporation of the diagnostic construct of PTSD into DSM-III and the definition of its main diagnostic criteria (reexperiencing of the traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal). Initially described as resulting from a onetime severe traumatic incident, PTSD has now been shown to be triggered by chronic multiple traumas as well. This "state-of-the-art" article discusses past and current understanding of the disorder, with particular emphasis on the recent explosive developments in neuroimaging and other fields of the neurosciences that have highlighted the complex interrelationships between psychological, psychiatric, biological, and neuroanatomical components of the disorder, and opened up entirely new therapeutic perspectives on how to help the victims of trauma overcome their past. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Etiology Historical Account Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. Barbery, S. (2007, Juin). Pourquoi l'EMDR doit changer de nom [Why EMDR must change its name]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
"Depuis ce temps, les thérapeutes EMDR ont découvert que les différents types de stimulation double attention, comme les robinets à main et les tons sont susceptibles d'avoir les mêmes effets. En face, il ya une bonne possibilité que le dénominateur commun est le principal élément d'attention plutôt que le mouvement des muscles en particulier. Par conséquent, la désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires nom et le traitement est regrettable à bien des égards. Le mouvement des yeux terme est trop restrictive, et la même chose peut être dit pour la désensibilisation terme "(Francine Shapiro, 2002, EMDR comme une psychothérapie intégrative approche, APA, p. 28).
Je vais commencer par cette citation de poser la question cruciale: quel est vraiment le «plus petit dénominateur commun primaires" de l'EMDR?
Certainement pas les yeux car on utiliser plusieurs types de double attention! Et pourtant, la quasi-totalité de la communication externe sur l'EMDR accent uniquement sur les mouvements oculaires.
Il est la stimulation de rechange? La question reste ouverte, mais des preuves solides d'infirmer cette hypothèse.
Si la spécificité de l'EMDR ne réside ni dans les yeux, ni dans la stimulation de remplacement, at-il seulement existé? Je vais défendre mon intervention à l'idée que cette spécificité existe et repose sur la ruse de l'Assemblée des charges et des procédures d'autres techniques.
De ce point de vue, pourquoi continuer, autrement que pour des raisons marketing ou tribale, d'appeler EMDR une technique qui n'a rien à voir avec les mots censés qu'il symbolise, pour le représenter? N'est-ce pas induire en erreur et révélatrice d'une position de faiblesse pour continuer à appeler "smurf" quelque chose dont on sait qu'elle n'a rien à voir avec "Schtroumpf?" Ne l'exigence éthique de probité et de la science implique de renommer le protocole ? Le public aurait tort de là, bien au contraire. Si le nom ne doit pas être changé, l'EMDR peut avoir le même avenir que le magnétisme dans le 19ème siècle et peut être relégué dans le secteur de la parapsychologie. Il serait vraiment triste.
“Since that time, EMDR therapists have discovered that various types of dual attention stimulation, such as hand taps and tones are capable of having the same effects. In face, there is a good possibility that the primary common denominator is the attentional element rather than the particular muscle movement. Therefore, the name eye movement desensitization and processing is unfortunate in many ways. The term eye movement is unduly limiting, and the same can be said for the term desensitization” (Francine Shapiro, 2002, EMDR as an Integrative Psychotherapy Approach, APA, p. 28).
I will start from this quotation to ask the crucial question: What is really the “primary common denominator” of EMDR?
Certainly not the eyes since one use several types of dual attention! And yet almost all the external communication on the EMDR emphasis only on the eye movements.
It is alternate stimulation? The question remains open but strong evidence invalidate this assumption.
If the specificity of the EMDR lies neither in the eyes nor in alternate stimulation, does it only exist? I will defend in my intervention the idea that this specificity exists and rests on the cunning assembly of loads and procedures from other techniques.
From this point of view, why continue, otherwise than for marketing or tribal reasons, to call EMDR a technique which has nothing to do with the words supposed to symbolize it, to represent it? Isn’t this misleading and revealing a position of weakness to continue to call “smurf” something which one knows that it does not have anything to do with “smurf?” Doesn’t the ethical requirement of probity and science imply to rename the protocol? The public would be mistaken there, quite to the contrary. If the name is not to be changed, EMDR may have the same future as magnetism in the 19th century and may be relegated to the sector of the parapsychology. It would really be sad.
Keywords: Strategy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Pagani, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Monaco, L., Niolu, C., Siracusano, A., Verardo, A. R., Lauretti, G., Fernandez, I., Nicolais, G., Cogolo, P., & Ammaniti, M. (2011). Pretreatment, intratreatment, and posttreatment EEG imaging of EMDR: Methodology and preliminary results from a single case. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(2), 42-56. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.42.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Electroencephalography (EEG), due to its peculiar time and spatial resolution, was used for the first time to fully monitor neuronal activation during the whole eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) session, including the autobiographical script. The present case report describes the dominant cortical activations (Z-score >1.5) during the first EMDR session and in the last session after the client processed the index trauma. During the first EMDR session, prefrontal limbic cortex was essentially activated during script listening and during lateral eye movements in the desensitization phase of EMDR. In the last EMDR session, the prevalent electrical activity was recorded in temporal, parietal, and occipital cortical regions, with a clear leftward lateralization. These findings suggest a cognitive processing of the traumatic event following successful EMDR therapy and support evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during lateral eye movements in the desensitization phase of EMDR.
Keywords: Bilateral Ocular Stimulation Cortical Activation EEG
Accuracy Verified: Yes
93. Greenwald, R., & Schmitt, T. A. (2010). Progressive counting: Multi-site group and individual treatment open trials. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 2(3), 239–242. doi:10.1037/a0019361.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Progressive counting (PC), a variant of the counting method, is a recently developed trauma resolution
procedure that appears to be efficient and well tolerated by clients. This paper reports on the posttreatment,
1 week, and 1 month posttreatment outcomes of 232 participants in 6 countries who experienced
a brief Group PC treatment—average about 5 minutes of exposure—of a minor upsetting memory during
the course of their participation in trauma treatment workshops. Additional posttreatment and follow-up
data is reported on 128 of these participants who experienced a second (untimed) individual PC session
focused on a more significant upsetting memory. The positive and sustained benefit realized from such
a brief dose of PC indicates this treatment’s potential value in individual and possibly group treatment
of trauma and/or loss memories.
Keywords: Exposure Loss Progressive Counting Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
94. Keane, T. M. (1998). Psychological and behavioral treatments of post-traumatic stress disorder. In P. E. Nathan, & J. M. Gorman (Eds.), A guide to treatments that work (pp. 398-407). New York: Oxford University Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Several Type 1 and Type 2 random clinical trials (RCTs) have confirmed exposure therapy (including systematic desensitization, flooding, prolonged exposure, and implosive therapy) and, to a lesser extent, anxiety management techniques (using both cognitive and behavioral strategies) as the psychosocial treatments of choice for PTSD.Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a recently introduced approach to the treatment of PTSD, has shown some promise, although its research base to date, consisting largely of open clinical trials, is inadequte. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Epidemiology Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
95. Jenkins, S. (2008, June). Relieving suffering and restoring lives: Understanding and treating sexual abuse survivors. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Without a thorough understanding of the physical, emotional, and spiritual impact of sexual assault and sexual
abuse, therapists may reach an impasse with their clients. With this in mind, supplemental to EMDR training, and
clinical experience, therapists must be knowledgable of the emotional, physical, developmental, and spiritual
impact of sexual assault and sexual abuse. This presentation offers a holistic approach to the treatment of sexual
assault and sexual abuse. Attendees will learn specific techniques for identifying, understanding, and treating it,
as well as a greater understanding of the emotional, physical, developmental, and spiritual impact of such
traumas. The information provided will enable therapists to conduct developmentally appropriate and clinically
sound EMDR treatment. Furthermore, to help EMDR therapists facilitate their clients’ integration of traumatic
events, information will be given on combining EMDR with a cross cultural shamanic approach to ego splitting or
“soul loss.” Information and techniques will be provided on how to further facilitate processing during EMDR, in
order to retrieve the parts of the self, the soul, that were “lost” or “split” during the trauma. Without recovering
these parts, clients can be left open and unable to integrate their traumatic experiences. They can continue to
experience a sense of not being “whole.” With this in mind, attendees will also learn how to further assist clients’
processing of the behavioural, emotional, physical, and cognitive aspects of traumatic events, thus facilitating
clients processing via EMDR. Attendees will learn through a combination of case presentations, activities, and
case presentations.
Keywords: Sexual Abuse Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
96. Smyth, N. J. (2002, June). Research networking meeting. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This is an open meeting to: 1) facilitate networking among EMDR Researchers; and 2) generate ideas on how EMDRlA might best be able to
support the needs of the EMDR research community. All EMDR researchers and those interested in doing EMDR research in the future (eg., students, clinicians, aspiring to do research, academics training future EMDR researchers) are encouraged to attend.
Keywords: EMDR Research Network
Accuracy Verified: Yes
97. Grand, D. (2002, March/April). The role of EMDR in enhancing creativity and performance. EMDRNews.com.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
By its nature, creativity takes place in the
moment. The therapist tunes in and listens
in the moment, and flows with his clients
wherever they go. EMDR works with
directed activation of sensory, cognitive,
affective and bodily experience -- all in
the moment. It's notwhat happened then,
it's what you're experiencing now.
Activation of imagery, sound, smell and
emotion and where they are felt in the
body open the doors to EMDR's creative
processing. And when creativity is
blocked, EMDR can be a godsend.
Keywords: Creativity Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
98. Cohen-Posey, K. (2000, September). The role of ‘second-order’ NCs in anxiety disorders and relationship problems. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) list NCs that are frequently acquired as a result of experience panic attacks and OCD; 2) describe how to use EMDR protocols to ensure that clients have integrated adaptive information about their disorder; 3) list negative cognitions that interfere with the ability to acquire communication, parenting, and anger management skills; 4) list negative cognitions that interfere with the process of individuation and enjoying satisfying relationships, 5) "compute" positive cognitions that are related to negative cognitions generated by various problems and disorders; and 6) identify negative cognitions that could be used to start targeting problem areas from listening to case examples.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Negative Cognitions Obsessive Compulsive Disorders OCD Positive Cognitions Relationship Problems
Accuracy Verified: Yes
99. Scheck, M. M., Schaeffer, J. A., Gillette, C. S., & van der Kolk, B. A. (1996, June). Scientific investigations into EMDR (Part I) - Brief psychological intervention with young high-risk females: A comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with active reflective listening. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Americans Battery Child Abuse Effects Emotional Abuse Females Incest Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
100. Forrest, M. S. (1995, June). Self-soothing and the multiple trauma survivor. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Remember the joke about the doctor who says, "The operation was a success, but the patient died"? That's how some clients feel
about EMDR. They succeed in accessing deep and important material, but find themselves extremely depressed and/or anxious in
the days afterward. For these clients, who are often survivors of multiple trauma such as long-tenn child abuse or incest, the ability
to self-soothe (both during and after an EMDR session) makes the difference between whether they regard EMDR as a useful tool or
a necessary evil.
To find out what self-control techniques work best for such clients, I interviewed EMDR clients (all women) who had experienced
long-term sexual abuse in childhood.
The first thing I learned was that for survivors of multiple trauma, the ability to feel safe starts long before EMDR is ever used.
Many women cited their relationship with their therapist as the foundation of their feeling safe with EMDR: "I trust my therapist
absolutely." One client's therapist told her he had used EMDR himself: "That made a huge difference to me," she said.
Other advance work included planning and taking preventative measures. Planning means picking the right time (and pace) for
doing EMDR: being sure the therapist and/or other support people will be available in the days after the session; not driving or
going back to work afterward (if possible); being able to have plenty of alone time; and going slowly, doing EMDR in small
increments. "I didn't expect myself to go out in the world and be social afterward. I was pretty raw for a few days, sometimes for a
whole week," B. told me.
Planning also means taking preventive measures, such as teaching the client how to find "a safe place." Most clinicians know the
importance of this, but one of the women I interviewed was emphatic that creating a safe place was very different from being able to
go to it when she was in a session and reliving the experience of being a three-year-old overwhelmed by extreme grief or terror. She
said she needed a lot of practice accessing her safe place and some special interventions (see below) to get through the intense times.
Being able to self-soothe between sets of eye movements was very difficult for most clients. "I cry all the time we do it," S. told me.
"I have to sit near the door and not have my therapist sit too close," said M. Another woman said, "We do the eye movements for a
few seconds and we talk in between."One successful intervention, especially for clients overwhelmed by the intensity of their
feelings, involved the therapist asking his client to listen to the sound of his breathing and to breathe along with him. Another
clinician has his client when she gets extremely upset ask her "inner guide or "higher power" whether it's "okay to continue;" a third
asks, "Is there more underneath or is it time to wind down?" Letting the client control the pace and progress of his/her own
processing can be an important way to teach self-trust -- especially to people for whom loss of power was endemic to their abuse.
Some clients are able to repeat special phrases or afirmations over and over between sets to calm themselves. L., a ritual abuse
survivor, said she grounds herself by silently reciting a mindfulness verse from Zen master Thich Naht Hanh in time with her inbreath
and out-breath: "In, out. Deep, slow, Calm, ease. Smile, release. In, out. Deep, slow ......
Different kinds of self-soothing techniques work best after the eye-movement sets are completed.
Immediately afterwards, while still in session, one client said she falls asleep for a few minutes -- she finds this a big help in
countering the dissociated state in which she typically concludes an EMDR session. Another said she and her therapist share a cup
of tea and talk over what happened as a way to "come down" and normalize the experience.
Some clinicians close a session by doing eye movements to reinforce the client's safe place. One woman said her therapist has her
"cement the present in place" by doing eye movements on either a present-day image, an image of her inner child in the safe place, or
a positive statement.
Francine Shapiro has often said that what happens after the EMDR session can be as important as what happens during it. The
women I interviewed felt exactly the same way. They had learned the necessity of talung exquisitely good care of themselves in the
hours and days that follow. "I take time-and time out," declared B., who often has a delayed fear reaction following EMDR.
Most clients said they go home and either curl up in bed or in a favorite rocking chair with their stuffed animals. They cry, sleep,
write in their journals, draw pictures, listen to music, look at favorite photographs, and/or call a support person. M. uses self-talk to
ease her feelings: "I say to myself, 'You know that knot of fear. I know it's only fear. I know that nothing is going to hurt me right
now'." For others, going home immediately is not the best option: D. takes a walk along the shores of Long Island Sound; C., the
mother of three young children, finds solace in a favorite bookstore.
Sometimes all the planning in the world doesn't help: the abreaction seems to launch the client back to the age she was when she
was abused - and she simply can't remember how to calm herself. To counter this, several clients said they carry a list of things
they can do to quiet themselves. S. finds reading mystery stories comforting("At the end you always find out what really happened."), but has to keep two of them on her bedside table at all times: "If they're not in full view, I forget about using them."
One interesting example of "assigned" self-soothing was given by a ritual abuse survivor who was new to EMDR. After a session
when a lot of memories came up about how her sexuality was used and degraded during the abuse, her therapist gave her very
specific instructions on how to care for herself, including buying a romantic nightgown and soaking in bath salts for 45 minutes;
listening to romantic music; and not touching or kissing her partner for 48 hours. "It worked out great!" she told me happily. "I felt
SO pretty and so safe."
The conclusion I reached about how multiple-trauma survivors learn to self-soothe in the face of the intense feelings EMDR can
trigger is not revolutionary. The recipe is: Step 1. Plan for the worst. Step 2. Let the client select the self-soothing techniques that
specifically fit for her or him. Step 3. Make sure s/he is able to use these techniques no matter how intense his/her emotions are.
Sometimes this will call for the therapist to take an active role by either leading the client in specific calming techniques or by
assigning very clear-cut homework.
If the recipe calls for planning and practicing, then the pot in which the ingredients are cooked is labeled "TRUST"-trust before
initiating EMDR, trust during the eye movements, and trust after the sets are completed. Unless the client deeply trusts the
clinician, the method itself, and his or her own capacity to go into the feelings and me out safely, the recipe for success with
EMDR can turn into a recipe for disaster.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
101. Matthess, H., & Yang, Y. (2010, July). Social and cultural adaptation. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We know from research that since neurobiology is the same for humans, then the reaction to stress is the same for all human
beings in the world. That is why EMDR works so well with victims of natural disasters and of adverse childhood experiences,
including sexual and physical violence and emotional neglect.
Because of cognitive functioning, e.g., creating metaphors and images for self-soothing, establishing social contact and/
or personal interpretation, or assigning meaning to stressful experiences, we have to emphasize the importance of cultural
influences.
We want to invite people from different cultures to join this open meeting to present, share, and discuss their experiences
and perhaps difficulties with cultural adaptation of trauma-therapy techniques, including EMDR. For example, we may need
to examine where and how the wording of the EMDR-protocol needs to be adapted to recognize and accommodate cultural
differences; perhaps we need to look at the language structure and its accessibility. Let us share our ideas and experiences
so that we may get new insights on how to more effectively implement our trauma-therapy techniques and spread our
knowledge about neurobiology to various cultural backgrounds.
Keywords: Social and Cultural Adaptation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
102. Spiuerings, J. (2006, November). Stabilisatie: een gestructureerde benadering. Hoe doe je het en waarom? [Stabilization: a structured approach. How do you do it and why?]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Bij iedere cliënt die zich aanmeldt met traumagerelateerde klachten en symptomen, wordt de vraag tenminste éénmaal in de loop van de behandeling gesteld: Wat doen we? Toedekken of openleggen? Stabilisatie of traumaverwerking?
In deze presentatie wordt een gesystematiseerde werkwijze beschreven om samen met de cliënt te onderzoeken of deze toe is aan traumaverwerking.
De verwerkingsmogelijkheden van de cliënt worden gezamenlijk getaxeerd, en waar nodig versterkt en uitgebouwd.
Dit gebeurt aan de hand van een informeel instrument, "De drie testen", waarmee de keuze voor stabiliseren dan wel confronteren op ieder moment in de behandeling zorgvuldig kan worden afgewogen.
Het resultaat laat precies zien wat de cliënt (nog) tekort komt, en geeft daarmee de behandelaar materiaal voor een op maat gemaakt behandelplan.
Sommige cliënten kunnen meteen beginnen aan traumawerk, voor anderen komt het moment van verwerken nooit. Maar ook voor die cliënten levert "De drie testen" een gestructureerd en zinvol behandelprogramma op.
De presentatie is vanuit een theoretisch kader buitengewoon praktisch van opzet: u kunt deze werkwijze meteen zelf de volgende dag toepassen.
For each client who signs up with trauma-related symptoms and signs, the question at least once in the course of treatment is: What do we do? Cover or open up? Stabilization or trauma?
This presentation is a systematized approach described together with the client to determine whether this is due for trauma.
The processing capabilities of the client are jointly valued, and where necessary, strengthened and expanded.
This is done by means of an informal tool, "The three tests, the fixing or stabilizing confront at any time during treatment can be carefully weighed.
The result shows exactly what the client (yet) lacks, thus indicating the material handler for a tailored treatment plan.
Some clients can start on trauma work for others is not the time of processing. But for clients who delivers "The three tests" a structured and meaningful treatment program.
The presentation is extremely practical from a theoretical framework of design: this method will choose the next day to apply.
Keywords: Stabilization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
103. Pagani, M., Lorenzo, Gd., Verardo, A., Nicolais, G., Monaco, L., Niolu, C., Fernandez, I., & Siracusano, A. (2012, March-April). Substrato neurobiologico della terapia con EMDR [Neurobiological correlates of EMDR therapy]. Rivista di Psichiatria,47(2 Supp 1):16S-18S. doi: 10.1708/1071.11734.
Language: Italian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
I EEG in un gruppo di dieci soggetti con grave trauma psicologico trattati con EMDR e in dieci controlli sono stati registrati sia durante l'ascolto del racconto autobiografico del trauma indice (script) e nel corso di una intera sessione EMDR. Gli EEG sono stati eseguiti nuovamente durante l'ultima sessione di EMDR quando i pazienti erano liberi da sintomi. Durante l'ascolto uno script di attivazione prevalente delle regioni limbiche corrispondenti alla corteccia prefrontale e orbitofrontale è stato registrato, essere spiegato come l'eccitazione emotiva durante trauma rivivere nella fase sintomatica. La diminuzione significativa di tali attivazioni durante la fase tardiva asintomatica rappresenta il correlato neurobiologico del recupero. Inoltre, l'evidenza di una significativa attivazione corticale nelle aree temporo-parieto-occipitale, durante l'ultima sessione, suggerisce uno switch del segnale elettrico dominante verso aree corticali con funzione prevalente cognitiva.
The EEGs in a group of ten subjects with major psychological trauma treated with EMDR and in ten controls have been registered both during the listening of the autobiographical narrative of the index trauma (script) and during a whole EMDR session. The EEGs have been performed again during the last EMDR session when patients were free of symptoms. During script listening a prevalent activation of the limbic regions corresponding to prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex has been registered, being explained as the emotional arousal during trauma reliving at the symptomatic phase. The significant decrease of such activations during the late asymptomatic phase represents the neurobiological correlate of recovery. Moreover, the evidence of significant cortical activation in the parietal-temporo-occipital areas, during the last session, suggests a switch of the dominant electrical signal towards cortical areas with a prevalent cognitive function.
Keywords: Neurobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
104. Kapfhammer, H.-P. (2008, December). Therapeutische möglichkeiten nach traumatischen erlebnissen [Therapeutic possibilities after traumatic experiences]. Psychiatria Danubina, 20(4), 532-545.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Acute Belastungsstörung (ASD) und Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTSD) sind häufige, aber nicht zwingend psychologische Folgeerscheinungen nach einem Trauma. Eine wichtige Untergruppe der Patienten vor einer chronischen Verlauf der Erkrankung mit einem erhöhten psychiatrischen Komorbidität und erhebliche Beeinträchtigungen in psychosozialen Anpassung assoziiert. Der typische psychopathologische Symptome von ASD und PTSD werden am besten in einem multifaktoriellen Modell der Integration sowohl neurobiologische und psychosoziale Einflüsse beschrieben. Die komplexen Ätiopathogenese von akuten und posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung begünstigt multimodalen Ansätzen in der Behandlung. Differential psychotherapeutische und pharmakologische Strategien zur Verfügung stehen. In einer kritischen Studie über empirische Studien, können psychologische Debriefing nicht als einen positiven Ansatz betrachtet werden, als allgemeine vorbeugende Maßnahme in der unmittelbaren posttraumatischen Phase empfohlen werden. Positive Auswirkungen der kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Interventionen kann für ASD eingerichtet werden. Psychodynamische Psychotherapie, kognitive Verhaltenstherapie und EMDR zeigen viel versprechende Ergebnisse bei der Behandlung von PTSD. Wesentliche klinische Einschränkungen der Patienten innerhalb von speziellen Probenahmen Forschungseinrichtungen, jedoch nicht gestatten, eine bedingungslose Verallgemeinerung dieser Daten zu psychiatrischen Routineversorgung. In einer empirischen Analyse der SSRIs sind die meisten und am besten untersuchten Medikamente für ASD und PTSD. Im Vergleich zu trizyklischen Antidepressiva SSRIs zeigen ein breiteres Spektrum an therapeutischen Wirkungen und sind besser verträglich. Die Substanzklassen der SNRI, DAS, SARI und NaSSA sind als Medikamente der zweiten Wahl angesehen werden. Sie versprechen eine therapeutische Wirksamkeit der SSRI gleichwertig, wobei bisher nur in offenen Studien untersucht. MAO-Hemmer können eine positive therapeutische Potenzial verfügen, müssen ihr Profil der Nebenwirkungen geachtet, jedoch werden. Mood-Stabilisatoren und atypische Neuroleptika können in Anspruch genommen werden und vor allem im Add-On-Strategien. Benzodiazepine sollten nur mit Vorsicht erhöht für eine kurze Zeit in den Staaten der akuten Krise eingesetzt werden. In frühen Interventionen, die blockierende Substanzen norepinephric Hyperaktivität scheinen vielversprechende Alternativen. Stress Dosen von Hydrocortison kann als experimentelle pharmakologische Strategie betrachtet so weit sein. [PubMed]
Acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are frequent, but not obligatory psychological sequelae following trauma. A major subgroup of patients face a chronic course of illness associated with an increased psychiatric comorbidity and significant impairments in psychosocial adaptation. The typical psychopathological symptoms of ASD and PTSD are best described within a multifactorial model integrating both neurobiological and psychosocial influences. The complex etiopathogenesis of acute and posttraumatic stress disorder favours multimodal approaches in the treatment. Differential psychotherapeutic and pharmacological strategies are available. In a critical survey on empirical studies, psychological debriefing cannot be considered as a positive approach to be recommended as general preventive measure during the immediate posttraumatic phase. Positive effects of cognitive-behavioral interventions can be established for ASD. Psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR show promising results in the treatment of PTSD. Major clinical restrictions of patient sampling within special research facilities, however, do not allow an unconditional generalization of these data to psychiatric routine care. In an empirical analysis the SSRIs are the most and best studied medications for ASD and PTSD. In comparison to tricyclic antidepressants SSRIs demonstrate a broader spectrum of therapeutic effects and are better tolerated. The substance classes of SSNRI, DAS, SARI and NaSSA are to be considered as drugs of second choice. They promise a therapeutic efficacy equivalent to the SSRIs, being investigated so far only in open studies. MAO-inhibitors may dispose of a positive therapeutic potential, their profile of side effects must be respected, however. Mood stabilizers and atypical neuroleptics may be used first and foremost in add-on strategies. Benzodiazepines should be used only with increased caution for a short time in states of acute crisis. In early interventions, substances blocking the norepinephric hyperactivity seem to be promising alternatives. Stress doses of hydrocortisone may be considered as an experimental pharmacological strategy so far.[PUBMED]
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
105. Sivan, A. (2008, June). Therapists’ views on the use of EMDR: The case of Hong Kong. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Since the introduction of EMDR training courses in Hong Kong a few years ago, the method has been gaining an
enormously growing interest among professionals. One of the indications to the growing interest in EMDR is the
high rate of participation in the training courses. While there is a volume of studies on the efficacy of EMDR
among different populations, therapists’ viewpoints on its use has not been studied extensively. The purpose of
the paper is to examine the views of therapists who have undergone EMDR training in Hong Kong and have used
the method in their practice. Data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire and follow-up in depth
interviews with a group of therapists. The questionnaire sought information about their initial experience of
using EMDR, the types of patients they used it with, the contribution of the method to the therapy and the
difficulties they encountered. Follow-up interviews aimed to shed more light on issues raised by the respondents
and to provide a platform for their further elaboration. Participants’ responses indicated the positive effects
EMDR use on clients and its facilitation of the therapy process. The respondents indicated difficulties in following
the exact EDMR protocol especially in relation to the terminology such as: “completely false”, “completely true”,
“emotions” and “sensation”. Additional issues raised around the use of the scales and of different bilateral
stimulations. On the basis of these finding special consideration should be given to the adaptation of the EMDR
protocol to the Chinese language and way of thinking.
Keywords: Hong Kong
Accuracy Verified: Yes
106. Cvetek, R. (2012). Traitement EMDR d'expériences troublantes qui ne répondent pas aux critères de l'ESPT [EMDR treatment of disturbing experiences that do not meet the criteria for PTSD]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 31E-45E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.E31.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
L’EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing : désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements
oculaires) permettrait de traiter avec succès non seulement l’état de stress post-traumatique
(ESPT) mais aussi d’autres troubles psychiatriques et problèmes de santé mentale dans la mesure où
ceux-ci possèdent des facteurs contributifs expérientiels. Cet essai clinique randomisé a étudié les effets
du traitement d’expériences troublantes (ou traumatismes petit “t”) qui ne correspondent pas aux
critères de l’ESPT. Trois heures d’une forme légèrement adaptée de l’EMDR ont été comparées à une
écoute active (placebo attentionnel, également de 3 heures) et à une liste d’attente. Les résultats obtenus
auprès de 90 participants ont montré que l’EMDR produisait des scores significativement plus
faibles sur l’échelle de l’impact des événements (Impact of Events Scale [IES]) que l’écoute active ou la
liste d’attente. L’EMDR résultait également en une augmentation significativement moins importante sur
la sous-échelle état de l’inventaire d’anxiété état-trait (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) après le rappel du
souvenir. Quelques limites et implications des résultats sont abordées.
EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: desensitization and reprocessing movements
eye) would successfully treat not only the state of post-traumatic stress
(PTSD) but also other psychiatric disorders and mental health problems to the extent
they have experiential contributing factors. This randomized clinical trial investigated the effects
processing disturbing experiences (or small trauma "t") which do not correspond to
criteria for PTSD. Three hours of a slightly adapted form of EMDR were compared to a
active listening (attentional placebo, also 3 hours) and a waiting list. The results
with 90 participants showed that EMDR produced significantly higher scores
low on the scale of impact events (Impact of Events Scale [IES]) as active listening or
waiting list. EMDR also resulted in a significantly lower increase in
subscale inventory status state-trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) after the reminder
memory. Some limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.
Keywords: Dysfunctionally Stored Stressful Experiences Effectiveness Life Experiences Random Clinical Trial RCT SlovenesS Small “T” Trauma Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
107. Krystal, S., Prendergast, J., Krystal, P., & Fenner, P., Shapiro, I., & Shapiro, K. (2002). Transpersonal psychology, eastern nondual philosophy, and EMDR. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 319-339). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Transpersonal psychology has been strongly influenced by the nondual spiritual traditions of the East. These traditions describe a natural unconditioned state of awareness that is every human's birthright. Realization of this awareness brings peace, freedom, joy, and acceptance of life as it is. As EMDR fosters personal integration and transformation, clients sometimes report contact with this profound awareness during a session. A specialized transpersonal EMDR protocol targets distractions to this awareness and can be used once clients have sufficiently progressed with the standard protocol. The transpersonal protocol, in conjunction with the open-hearted and quiet presence of the therapist, invites clients into their natural contentment. Goals, methods, and roles fall away as therapist and client discover their shared ground. The ritual of psychotherapy unfolds into satsang, the celebration of nondual awareness. Several spiritual teachers with nondual orientations confirm the value of EMDR in working with obscurations to this awareness. EMDR has a surprising and powerful contribution to make to transpersonal psychology by helping to facilitate and stabilize the experience of nondual awareness. [Text, p. 338]
Keywords: Adults Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors Transpersonal Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
108. Krystal, D. S., Berbower, S., Katz, I., Pregerson, S., Slyman, S., & Wager, J. (1995, June). Transpersonal psychotherapy panel: EMDR & transpersonal approaches to psychotherapy. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
1) In the Transpersonal approach to psychotherapy, the existence is acknowledged and the presence is invoked of a higher
order of Consciousness, the already healthy and perfect organizing principle that Jung called the Self. After using EMDR
to process and integrate the personal history, it is possible to transcend the personal self and its strong beliefs and attitudes,
and to rest in a state of no-mind or Self, which is beyond or before the experience of duality, and is often recognized as
emptiness, peace, contentment, wisdom and love. It is from this state that the therapist can best use EMDR, fully listening
to the Oneness of himself and the client. This listening is often called intuition. In addition to introducing the
Transpersonal approach in general, Sheila Krystal will present psychotherapy as Satsang and describe the use of EMDR to
facilitate movement from self to Self. She will discuss the state of mind most effective for the therapist to enter while using
EMDR and will lead a meditation to help create this no-mind state.
2) Joan Wager will present the basic premises of body-based psychology within a Transpersonal content and its relationship to
EMDR, illustrating through discussion and case presentation how embodied consciousness, wisdom, compassion, concern
for all sentient beings, is the path of body-based transpersonal psychology. She will show how, as we broaden., our concept
of who we are, and as body, emotions and mind become integrated, we experience transformation of our being with a new
sense of Self in relation to others and the universe.
3) Suzanne Slyman will demonstrate, through theoretical discussion and case presentations, how she combines Gestalt, Self-
Acceptance-Training, Transpersonal approaches to psychotherapy, and EMDR She will emphasize several interesting
commonalties in these approaches to psychotherapy, including the following; each relies on the belief that there is, in every
individual, an inner organizing principle that moves towards wholeness, each assumes that we are self-regulating
organisms, each understands and values the power of being witness to the present moment, and each makes room for the
client to discover a heretofore "unimaginable outcome" to his or her work.
The Enneagram is an ancient psychological typology that describes nine personality types and their interrelationships.
Each type is defined by a chief mental and emotional preoccupation to which attention habitually returns. The types
correlate well with the diagnostic categories of current psychological practice, but can open us to the fact that the repeating
preoccupation of heart and mind that we in the West tend to dismiss as merely neurotic can also be used as potential access
points to higher states of consciousness.
5) During their presentation, Sharon Berbower and Suzanne Pregerson will explore their use of the Enneagram and EMDR
especially examining how EMDR can access the core personality strategies and defense mechanisms of each of the nine
types. With the deconstruction of the habitual responses of the personality, the possibility exists for the emergence of 'True
Self. EMDR may be a key to the profound transformation of personality types.
6) Irv Katz will then make a concluding presentation including tying the earlier presentations together and facilitating a
question and answer period between the audience and the panel members.
Keywords: Guided Imagery Hypnosis Panel Transpersonal Transpersonal Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
109. Grand, D. (2002, June). Treating survivors of the World Trade Center disaster with natural flow EMDR resorting. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Since the 9/11 attack, EMDR clinicians have been treating hypertraumatized clients aided by the Natural Flow EMDR model. This resourcing approach uses dilution of SUDS with positive body sensations, modified eye movements, continuous auditory BLS, and self-administered tactile processing. This model draws from the creative flow of EMDR processing with "essential listening" and "no assumptions" leading to the clients' "essential truths" and healing resolution.
Keywords: 9/11 Disasters Natural Flow EMDR September 11th World Trade Center
Accuracy Verified: Yes
110. van den Berg, D. P. G., & van der Gaag, M. (2012, June). Treating trauma in psychosis with EMDR: A pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(1), 664-671. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.011.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background:
Initial studies have shown that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be effectivelytreated in patients with a psychotic disorder. These studies however used adapted treatment protocols, avoided direct exposure to trauma related stimuli or preceded treatment with stabilizing techniques making treatment considerably longer in duration.
Method:
An open trial in which adult subjects with a psychotic disorder and a comorbid PTSD (n = 27) received a maximum of six Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy sessions. PTSD symptoms, psychotic symptoms and additional symptoms were assessed at baseline and end-of-treatment.
Results:
The dropout rate was 18.5 percent (five subjects). Only five of the twenty-two completers (22.7%) still met criteria for PTSD after treatment. PTSD symptoms, auditory verbal hallucinations, delusions, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem all improved significantly. Paranoid ideation and feelings of hopelessness did not improve significantly. Treatment did not lead to symptom exacerbation in subjects. There were no adverse events, such as suicide attempts, self-mutilation, aggressive behavior or admission to a general or psychiatric hospital.
Conclusions:
This pilot study shows that a short EMDR therapy is effective and safe in the treatment of PTSD in subjects with a psychotic disorder. Treatment of PTSD has a positive effect on auditory verbal hallucinations, delusions, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and self-esteem. EMDR can be applied to this group of patients without adapting the treatment protocol or delaying treatment by preceding it with stabilizing interventions.
Keywords: Auditory Delusions Pilot Posttraumatic Stress PTSD Psychosis Psychotic Disorder Self-Esteem Treatment Verbal Hallucination
Accuracy Verified: Yes
111. Cvetek, R. (2002). Učinkovitost metode EMDR pri zmanjševanju anksioznosti, ki jo povzroča priklic nepredelanega spomina [Efficacy of the method EMDR in reduction of anxiety, caused by recall of unprocessed memory]. Anthropos, 34(1/3), 117-128.
Language: Slovenian
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Študija descibed v tem članku preveri, če lahko metoda EMDR (Eye Movement desenzibilizacijo in predelavo), zmanjšati ali celo odpraviti tesnobe, oziroma širitev anksioznost kot stanje (STAI-X-1), ki jo povzroča odpoklic nepredelanega spomina. Tam je bilo 30 mladih, vključenih v te študije in so bile razdeljene v tri skupine: (1) posameznih prilagojeno EMDR (3 enourno srečanja); (2) posamezno aktivno poslušanje (3 enournem srečanja) ("pozornost placebo") : in (3) brez zdravljenja nadzora. Rezultati so pokazali, da anksioznost ni bila popolnoma odpravljena v nobeni od treh skupin. zdravljenja EMDR in aktivno poslušanje povzročilo statistično pomembno zmanjšanje anksioznosti omenili. EMDR je bilo statistično bolj učinkovito kot aktivno poslušanje in čaka. Aktivno poslušanje je bilo učinkovitejše od čakanja, vendar razlika ni bila statistično značilna. Omejitve študije je treba upoštevati pri vrednotenju rezultatov.
The study descibed in this article verifies if the method EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) can reduce or even eliminate anxiety, respectively enlargement of anxiety as a state (STAI-X-1), caused by recall of unprocessed memory. There were 30 young people included in this study and they were divided into three groups: (1) individual adapted EMDR (3 one-hour meetings); (2) individual active listening (3 one-hour meetings) ("attention placebo"): and (3) no treatment control. The results showed that anxiety wasn't completely eliminated in any of the three groups. The EMDR treatment and active listening led to statistically significant reductions of anxiety mentioned before. EMDR was statistically more effective than active listening and waiting. Active listening ws more effective than waiting, but the difference was not statistically significant. The limitations of the study must be considered at the evaluation of results.
Keywords: Anxiety Effectiveness Study Memory Research Method
Accuracy Verified: Yes
112. Hancox, J., & Weber, N. (1999, June). Understanding transformations of energy in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) learn how to utilize the 5 senses in creating a safe environment; 2) learn how to open the 6th sense, the "third eye of intuition" by utilizing at least two breathing techniques that slow thought process, and help establish and maintain the objective observer for the EMDR protocol; 3) learn two creative visualizations that decrease changes of client flooding - learn to install positive resources through color and senses, as well as creating the safe place utilizing bilateral self-stimulation; 4) learn how to diagnose emotional issues through the "Anatomy of Energy" by recognizing 7 energy centers in the body and corresponding physical dysfunctions; and 5) learn how to transform resistant energy through the sensory pathways and eidetic imagery exercises.
Keywords: Energy Safe Place Third Eye
Accuracy Verified: Yes
113. Keenan, P., & Royle, L. (2007, Fall). Vicarious trauma and first responders: A case study utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as the primary treatment modality. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 9(4), 291-298 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Traumatic events can occur and adversely affect people during their lifetime. Natural disasters such as the earthquake in Pakistan in 2005 or the Tsunami in Asia in 2004, terrorist atrocities around the world, or personal events such as physical or sexual assault, can result in psychological difficulties for those people directly affected by these events. The diagnostic term PTSD is generally used to explain the often-severe psychological sequelae that people may exhibit when directly affected by trauma. However, what of those people not directly involved in the trauma, but those who have borne witness to it, either by listening to the stories of survivors, or in the case of the helping professionals (such as police officers, nurses, doctors, psychotherapists, fire-fighters), actively working with survivors in psychological distress? This paper examines the potential psychological consequences for those in helping professions who are working with traumatized clients. This paper then focuses on a specific treatment intervention, EMDR, utilizing a case study by way of explanation. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Case Report Clinical Case Study Cognitive Schemas Depressive Disorders Helping Professionals Males Police Officers Police Personnel Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Stigma Treatment Effectiveness Vicarious Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
114. Morris-Smith, J. (2007, June). What can we learn from using EMDR with children on the autistic spectrum?. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Children suffering from Autistic Spectrum Disorders have fundamental impairments in their understanding of social relationships, emotions and understand the perspectives of others. They also have impairment in their communicative abilities. They can be frequently traumatized by their daily living experiences whilst living in a world in which their understandings are impaired. This paper aims to open up the discussion and stimulate research into and about just how far their deficits in understanding their worlds extends and to what extent these might be addressed or ameliorated during EMDR therapy. The paper will consider the cases of 10 ASD children when EMDR was used and its affects. ASD is a spectrum of disorders subsumed under a single diagnostic category. This paper also hopes to shed some light on these and will also offer some directions for parental differential diagnosis of different forms of ASD and whether EMDR therapy might be efficacious for these. Recent research in ASD suggests that the corpus callosum may be affected and also included in this paper, for comparison, are two cases of children who have agenesis of the corpus callosum who also receive EMDR. The paper will be illustrated by the use of video clips.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
115. Grinbaum, A., & Levy, M. (2007, June). Working with child care in public service. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Work in child care in a pubic service, brings us to accept all people who come to us whatever their origin (Mediterranean, Black Africa, Asia), their social class (from the most impoverished to the upper class), or any kind of difficulty (from school and socio-educational problems to autism or serious psychosis). We are psychologists, psychoanalysts ad family therapist with more than 25 years of experience. Through our work, we learned listening, patience, neutrality, and interpretation. While sometimes our experience brought us to invent means to come in contact with them, the EMDR method gave us another mode of relation with the child which is at the same time more flexible and closer to them. Since our training in 2004, we noticed a change in our practice ad in the attitude of our colleagues and fellow workers toward us. We would like to describe in this talk the feeling of freedom we felt to work with such a rigid protocol; to work differently with problems like drugs or sexual abuse as well as difficulties in early childhood to work in turn with the parent and the children, to work with the whole family while treating one of their members in from of them. We want to present some clinical examples and share with you the enthusiasm that this new therapy arouses in us after so many years of practice.
Keywords: Children Child Care Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
116. Wesselmann, D. (2012, June). Working with EMDR in adopted children and their parents. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many
children
who
are
adopted
due
to
difficult
early
circumstances
exhibit
severe
and
challenging
behaviors
due
to
a
history
of
attachment
trauma
and
loss.
This
presentation
will
describe
an
EMDR
Integrative
Team
Treatment
of
attachment
trauma
in
children.
Integration
of
family
therapy
interrupts
unhealthy
dynamics
and
increases
parents’
compassion
and
emotional
support
for
their
children,
allowing
them
to
open
up
emotionally
and
resolve
trauma
and
loss
with
EMDR.
Participants
will
learn
to
implement
EMDR
Attachment
Resource
Development
exercises
to
strengthen
the
bonds
between
children
and
their
adoptive
parents.
They
will
be
able
to
apply
cognitive
interweaves
to
assist
children
in
EMDR
reprocessing
who
are
looping,
overwhelmed,
or
dissociating.
The
use
of
storytelling
aids
in
accessing
preverbal
trauma.
Preliminary
research
data
will
be
presented
showing
positive
changes
in
attachment
and
decrease
in
aggression
and
defiance
following
EMDR
Integrative
Team
Treatment.
The
presentation
will
combine
lecture,
practicum,
and
videos.
Muchos
niños
que
son
adoptados
debido
a
sus
tempranas
circunstancias
difíciles
exhiben
comportamientos
graves
y
desafiantes
debido
a
su
historia
de
trauma
de
apego
y
pérdida.
Esta
presentación
describe
un
tratamiento
integrado
en
equipo
de
EMDR
del
trauma
de
apego
en
niños.
La
integración
de
la
terapia
familiar
interrumpe
las
dinámicas
dañinas
y
aumenta
la
compasión
de
los
padres
y
el
apoyo
emocional
para
sus
hijos,
permitiéndoles
abrirse
emocionalmente
y
resolver
el
trauma
de
abandono
con
EMDR.
Los
participantes
aprenderán
a
implementar
las
herramientas
de
apego
en
EMDR
y
los
ejercicios
para
estrechar
los
lazos
entre
el
niño
y
los
padres
adoptivos.
Serán
capaces
de
aplicar
entretejidos
cognitivos
para
ayudar
a
sus
hijos
en
reprocesamiento
EMDR
cuando
están
en
“looping”,
en
abreacción
o
disociados.
El
uso
de
el
Cuentacuentos
para
acceder
al
trauma
preverbal.
Datos
preliminares
de
investigaciones
serán
presentados
mostrando
los
cambios
positivos
en
las
relaciones
de
apego
y
el
descenso
en
la
agresividad
y
la
confrontación
después
del
tratamiento
integrado
en
equipo
EMDR.
Esta
presentación
combinara,
ponencia,
práctica
y
videos.
Keywords: Adoptives
Accuracy Verified: Yes
117. Munker-Kramer, E., Wintersperger, S., & Hofmann, A. (2007). Zum verstandnis von EMDR als behandlungsmethode fur PTBS auf dem hintergrund der modernen psychotraumatologie [The understanding of EMDR based on modern psychotraumatology]. Psychologie in Osterreich, 27(1), 53-60.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In diesem Beitrag wird zunachst beschrieben, mit welchen
typischen S)7nptomen sich traumatisierte PatientInnen
in der arztlichen oder psychologischen Praxis
einfinden. Die Zusammenhange und die lVotwendigkeit
profimder Differentialdiagnostik werden erliiutert.
Es Jolgt ein kurzer historischer Abriss iiber die wichtigsten
Schritte in der theoretischen und klinischen BeJassung
mit verschiedenen TraumaJolgestonmgen bis zur
Anerkennung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstonmg
durch die WHO 1980. Psychisches Trauma wird
dann dargestellt als T7erarbeitungsstorung von Extremstress.
Das Konzept der Storung in der neuronalen InJormationsverarbeitung
und InJormationsspeichenmg
und dessen klinische Relevanz flir die Symptomatik der
PTBS Jolgt. Dies dient als Grundlage flir das T7erstiindnis
und die wissenschaJtliche Einordnung von EMDR
(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) als
wichtige lmd evaluierte Behandlungsmethode for
PTBS. Die Methode wird detailliert beschrieben und
der Beitrag wird durch ein Fallbeispiel (Monotrauma)
und einige Uberlegungen zur Qualitatssicherung abgeschlossen.
Abstract
In this article at first characteristic symptoms of patients
asking Jar psychological and medical treatment with
trauma-related disorders and comorbidities and thlls
the necessity oj well grollnded clinical diagnostics is
emphasized. A short historical review oj the most important
theoretical and clinical milestones concerning
the consideration oj trauma-related disorders is described
up to the acknowledgement oj PTSD by the TForld
Health Organization in 1980. A well grounded and detailed
explanation oj neurobiology and neuropsychology
oj extreme stress and its clinical implications Jollows
to open the understanding and the scientific
context oJEMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing) as an important and well evaluated treatment
method Jar PTSD. It is described step by step
and illustrated by a short example (monotrauma). Final!),
some recommendations and further infomwtions
concerning quality of treatment and training are given.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes