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1. 陈维樑 [Chen Wei-Liang]. (2008, 年10月[October]). 复杂哀伤,EMDR和“人格结构性解体”理论 [Complicated grief, EMDR and the "structural disintegration of personality" theory]. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress for Psychotherapy, Beijing, China.

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the "Structural Dissociation of the Personality" as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various aspects of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the "Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality". The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different aspects of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. (Presented in English)

Keywords: Complication Grief  Personality Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


2. Mestanza, R. (2007). Aplicación de terapia cognitivo conductual individual, grupal y EMDR, en adolescentes de 11 a 13 anos con altos nivelesde ansiedad del 8º ano de educación básica de la red educativia Helena Cortes Bedoya, en la ciudad de Quito, ano lectivo 2006-2007 [Application of individual and group cognitive behavioral EMDR therapy to 11 to 13 year old adolescents with high levels of anxiety in the 8th year of the Helena Cortes Bedoya educational network, City of Quito School Year 2006-2007]. Universidad Central Del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Psicologicas, Instituto Superior de Postgrado, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general, verificar si la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual individual, grupal y EMDR disminuyen la ansiedad en adolescentes de 11 a 13 años del 8º año de Educación Básica de la Red Educativa Helena Cortes Bedoya, Sector Carapungo de la ciudad de Quito, en el año lectivo 2006-2007. Se tomó como referencia que la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , es el conjunto de técnicas terapéuticas que han resultado del empleo sistemático del método experimental en la Psicología y demás disciplinas afines, empleados con el propósito de modificar pensamientos y conductas desadaptativas . En tanto que EMDR consiste en la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por medio del Movimiento Ocular u otras estimulaciones bi-hemisféricas especialmente para trabajar sobre recuerdos traumáticos. La investigación a realizarse fue de tipo explicativo con diseño cuasi- experimental con un grupo de sujetos estimado del 30 al 50 % del total de la población de adolescentes evaluados con el test ISRA-J. Con ISRAJ (Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad – Jóvenes ) se evaluó a 70 estudiantes de 8º Año de Educación Básica obteniendo 14 con alto nivel de ansiedad, a los cuales se les invitó a participar en el taller “ Jóvenes en Aprendizaje” durante 12 sesiones. Al grupo se realizó la evaluación pre y post tratamiento, para verificar si la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual individual y en grupo + EMDR, son efectivos para bajar niveles de ansiedad y considerando el género saber que grupo fue beneficiado en mayor medida. Verificada su efectividad, el programa anteriormente señalado, se aplicará para bajar niveles de ansiedad a todos los adolescentes que luego de ser evaluados con el test ISRAJ obtenga un puntaje directo de 51 a 75, con indicación de tratamiento necesario y de 76 a 100 con necesidad de terapia urgente.

The present research aimed generally verify whether cognitive behavioral therapy individual, group and EMDR decrease anxiety in adolescents 11 to 13 years of Grade 8 Basic Education Educational Network Helena Cortes Bedoya, Sector Carapungo of Quito, in the academic year 2006-2007. The reference used was that cognitive behavioral therapy, is the set of therapeutic techniques that have resulted from the systematic use of the experimental method in psychology and other disciplines, employees with the aim of changing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. While EMDR is Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement or other bi-hemispheric stimulation specifically to work on traumatic memories. The research was carried out explanatory type quasi-experimental design with a group of subjects estimated 30 to 50% of the total population of adolescents assessed with the ISRA-J test. With ISRAJ (Inventory of Situations and Responses of Anxiety - Young) was assessed 70 students from Year 8 Basic Education getting 14 with high anxiety, to which were invited to participate in the workshop "Young People in Learning" for 12 sessions. The group evaluation was performed before and after treatment, to verify if the individual and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy + EMDR group, are effective in lowering anxiety levels and considering the genre know that group was benefited most. Verified its effectiveness, the program noted above will apply to lower levels of anxiety to all adolescents be evaluated after the test will score ISRAJ live 51 to 75, indicating the necessary treatment and from 76 to 100 with need Urgent therapy.

Keywords: Adolescents  Helena Cortes Bedoya Educational Network  Group Behavioral Therapy  Quito  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


3. Chen, L. (2008, June). Bereavement, EMDR & structural dissociation of the personality theory. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Poster Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the “Structural Dissociation of the Personality” as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, & Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various levels of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the “Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality”. The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different levels of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. [Note: Poster and Word Versions]

Keywords: Dissociation  Personality Theory  Poster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


4. Gaudiano, B. A. (2004, January 4). Beware of weird, wacky psychotherapy treatments. Salt Lake City, UT: The Deseret News, All, Viewpoint, AA08.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
There's also a treatment for post-traumatic stress called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Similar to techniques used in other effective treatments for this condition, EMDR therapists ask clients to review the traumatic events repeatedly in their minds until their anxiety dissipates. What makes EMDR unique is that the therapist also moves index and middle fingers rapidly from left to right in front of the client, who is asked to visually track the movement while imagining the scene. But research shows that the eye movements appear to be completely superfluous, as people who are asked to keep their eyes still while recounting the events improve just as much as those who do the eye-wiggling.

Keywords: General  Overview  Salt Lake City  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


5. Cramer, J. D. (1997, November 28). City police to help test new therapy for stress:  Eye movements key to technique. Colorado Springs, CO:  The Gazette, City/Sate, 1 [2 pages].

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Simply put, that's the question Colorado Springs police will try to answer in a study of a controversial psychoanalysis technique called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

Keywords: Colorado Springs  Stress  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


6. de Roos, C. J. A. M., Noorthoorn, E. O., Greenwald, R., & de Jongh, A. (2004, June). A controlled comparison of EMDR and CBT for children and adolescents exposed to the Enschede fireworks disaster in the Netherlands. In children and EMDR (J. Morris-Smith). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In May 2000, a firework depot exploded in the city of Enschede (The Netherlands), leaving 22 people dead, 947 injured, more than 500 houses destroyed, and about 1500 houses significantly damaged. In total, 4, 163 people were affected, including many children and adolescents. Children with chronic posttraumatic stress reactions were referred for treatment to the Ambulant Mental Health Care team un Enschede.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the relative efficacy of EMDR versus a CBT approach for reducing children’s symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety and behavior problems, All participants treated from 2001 to 2003 were included. They received 4 sessions of EMDR and 4 sessions CVBT. Moreover, four sessions of parent guidance were included in both groups. The final N was 57 children (age 3-18).
Assessment took place prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention and at 3 month follow-up. The main outcome measures were: UCLA PTSD Index (parent, child, and adolescent version), Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the Parent Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (PROPCS), the Problem Rating Scale (PRS), the Birleson Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASQ, anxiety).
Also parent-reported psychosocial dysfunction and teacher-reported problems were assessed (Child Behavior Check List: parent form and teacher form and for children aged 11 and older; self-report form). For the youngest (0-6 years) the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) was included. The date was gathered but not yet analyzed is currently underway.

Keywords: Adolescents  CBT  Children  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Controlled Comparison  Disaster  Enschede Fireworks Disaster  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Symposium  The Netherlands  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


7. Dial, M. (1995, June 20). Controversial therapy offered for bomb survivors. Hays, Kansas: The Hays Daily News, 5.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Shapiro said studies showing the dominant half of the brain processes positive ideas, with negative ideas processed in the other, may be a clue to how EMDR works. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Bombings  General  Oklahoma City  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


8. Dean, B. (2010, July 4). Counselors to get training for treating post-traumatic stress. Military, Oklahoma Military News and Articles, NewsOK.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Experts said that's what life is like for soldiers who return from war with post-traumatic stress disorder. With about 3,400 Oklahoma National Guardsmen set to deploy to Afghanistan next year with the 45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Guard leaders want to make sure those soldiers can get the help they need when they return to the state.

Keywords: General  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


9. Nelson, K. L. (2000, May 10). Don't panic: Anxiety disorders understandable, treatable. Knoxville, TN: The Knoxville News-Sentinel, Final, Health and Science, B1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
What helped Ben is a controversial and still scientifically unproven therapy called EMDR, for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. EMDR has been used with survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing and the Columbine High School shooting.

Keywords: General  Knoxville  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: No


10. Meneses, J. A. (2007). Efectividad del EMDR, en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes academicos, en las alumnas de los sextos cursos del instituto tecnológico “Eloy Alfaro”, de la ciudad de esmeraldas, durante el ano 2.006 [Effectiveness of EMDR in reducing extreme anxiety to academic examinations in the students of the sixth technical institute courses "Eloy Alfaro" emerald city, during the year 2006]. Universidad Central Del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Psicologicas, Instituto Superior de Postgrado, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
El EMDR, es un método psicoterapéutico, efectivo para reducir la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes académicos, a niveles normales, en un 88.8%, de los casos, en 9.25 sesiones de tratamiento, como promedio, con un nivel de confianza del 95 y 99%, en las alumnas de los sextos cursos, del Instituto Tecnológico “Eloy Alfaro, de la ciudad de Esmeraldas, durante el año 2.006. OBJETIVOS DE APRENDIZAJE: 1. Demostrar que EMDR, es efectivo también para reducir la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes académicos. 2. Informar que EMDR, reduce además a niveles normales los sistemas de respuestas de ansiedad cognitiva, fisiológica, y motora y la ansiedad a la evaluación. 3. Concienciar que EMDR, provoca también cambios cognitivos, emocionales y conductuales, como por ejemplo, el aumento de la autoestima y de la autoeficacia. 4. Comunicar que, luego del estudio de seguimiento, se estableció que EMDR, es efectivo en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes, en forma estable, es decir sin que se produzcan recaídas o sustitución de síntomas

In this study, which is kind of explanation, then use the hypothetical-deductive method with a quasi-experimental design with experimental and control group, formed at random, with pre and post treatment, with statistical processing of data, with the Student t test, and ANOVA before and after treatment, and once tested the hypothesis, it was established that: EMDR is a psychotherapeutic method, effective in reducing extreme anxiety to academic tests to normal levels in 88.8% of the cases, treatment sessions 9.25, on average, with a confidence level of 95 and 99 % of pupils in the sixth course, the "Eloy Alfaro" Technological Institute in Esmeraldas City Ecuador during the year 2006. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Show that EMDR is also effective to reduce extreme anxiety to academic exams. 2. Report that EMDR also reduces systems to normal levels of anxiety responses cognitive, physiological, and motor and anxiety evaluation. 3. Awareness that EMDR also causes cognitive, emotional and behavioral, for example, increased self-esteem and self-efficacy. 4. Report that, after the follow-up study established that EMDR is effective in reducing extreme anxiety tests in stable form, ie without the occurrence of relapse or symptom substitution.

Keywords: Anxiety  Eloy Alfaro  Students  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


11. Meneses, J. A. (2007, Novembro). Efectividad del EMDR, en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes académicos, en las alumnas de los sextos cursos del instituto tecnológico “Eloy Alfaro”, de la ciudad de Esmeraldas, Ecuador, durante el año 2.006 [Effectiveness of EMDR in reducing extreme anxiety, academic tests, students in the sixth high school courses technological "Eloy Alfaro" City Esmeraldas, Ecuador, during the year 2006]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objetivos de aprendizaje: • Demostrar que EMDR es efectivo también para reducir la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes académicos. • Informar que EMDR reduce además a niveles normales los sistemas de respuestas de ansiedad cognitiva, fisiológica, y motora y la ansiedad a la evaluación. • Concienciar que EMDR provoca también cambios cognitivos, emocionales y conductuales, como por ejemplo: el aumento de la autoestima y de la autoeficacia. • Comunicar que luego del estudio de seguimiento, se estableció que EMDR, es efectivo en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes, en forma estable, es decir, sin que se produzcan recaídas o sustitución de síntomas.

Learning Objectives: • Demonstrate that EMDR is effective also for reduce extreme anxiety tests academics. • Inform that EMDR also reduces levels normal response systems cognitive anxiety, physiological, and motor and evaluation anxiety. • Raise awareness that EMDR also results cognitive, emotional and behavioral such as: increased self-esteem and self-efficacy. • Communicate that after the follow-up study established that EMDR is effective in reducing the extreme anxiety examinations, in a stable, ie without relapses occur or replacement of symptoms.

Keywords: Ecuador  Test Anxiety  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


12. Kutz, I., Dekel, R., Schreiber, S., Resnick, V., Dolberg, O. T., Barkai, G., Leor, A., Rapoport, E., & Bloch, M. (2008, November). The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Early diagnosis and intervention in mass casualty events: Since September 2000, Israeli and Palestinian societies suffered great losses. on the Israeli side, civilians of all ages, and ethnic groups, have been exposed to various types of terrorist attacks. This symposium examines issues of diagnosis and interventions

The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes: Purpose: To examine the efficacy of a single session of a modified abridged EMDR protocol in reducing Acute Stress Syndromes (ASS) following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Methods: Treatment was provided, in a general hospital inpatient and out-patient setting to 86 patients with ASS. Friday: 11:00 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. Presenters are underlined and discussants are italicized. If serving in both roles, they are both underlined and italicized. Findings: Fifty percent reported immediate fading of their intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of their distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms, while 23% reported no improvement. Four week and six month follow-up, in the terror victims group only, showed that the immediate responders remained symptom free, while half of the non-responders, who also received subsequent additional interventions modalities, were still symptomatic. Conclusions: The difference in response may be attributed, in part, to the fact that immediate responders tended to have an uncomplicated ASS with fewer risk factors for PTSD, while the non-responders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention in uncomplicated cases and offer a psycho-physiological hypothesis for immediate response. While additional controlled studies are essential, this immediate symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder  ASD  Bombings  Israel  Palenstine  Panel  Symposium  Terrorists  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


13. Kutz, I., Resnik, V., & Dekel, R. (2008). The effect of single-session modified EMDR on acute stress syndromes. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 190-200. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.190.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A single session of a modified, abridged EMDR protocol was provided in a general hospital inpatient and outpatient setting to 86 patients with acute stress (AS) syndrome suffering from intrusion distress following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Fifty percent reported immediate fading of intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms and distress, while 23% reported no improvement. Partial and nonresponders were provided with or referred for more comprehensive treatment. At 4-week and 6-month follow-up, the immediate responders in the terror victims group remained symptom free. The immediate responders tended to have uncomplicated AS symptoms with fewer risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while the nonresponders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention on intrusive symptoms in early uncomplicated posttraumatic cases. Although more controlled studies are essential, this immediate method for symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder  ASD  Intrusions  Mass Casualty Event  MCE  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


14. Altan Aytun, O., Ozcan, G., Ciftci, A,. Konuk, E. Yuksek, H., Karakus, D., Cavusoglu S., & Vatan Ozcelik, D. (2010, June). The effects of early EMDR interventions (EMD and R-TEP) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In Treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Presenter: Filiz Kaya
The present study is carried out within a psychological counseling project which is governed by Istanbul metroplitan Municipality. The study was designed to assess the effects of Early EMDR Intervention (EEI) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Gungoren, Istanbul. Subjects were the victims of a terrorist bombing in Gungoren, Istanbul. The participants were selected from a pool of children and adults, who lived in Gungoren and scored high on the Turkish version of 'Impact of Event Scale' (IES) and PTSD Symptom Checklist. The subjects were contacted 2 days after the bomb attack so that we were able to measure the event impact right after the traumatic experience, which will help us to demonstrate how EMDR affects the impact of the event more accurately. Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) as an EEI technique was used to treat the child participants, whereas Recent Traumatic Event Protocol (R-TEP) which incorporates the EMD and Recent Event (RE) protocols, was received by the adult participants The therapists (EMDR certified therapists, who were receiving supervision) met with the participants weekly to work only on the trauma of the bombing and participants completed impact of Event Scale prior to each session. The number of the sessions was restricted to the completion of EMD and R-TEP. The study is completed with a three month follow-up. Analyses of the data collected from the participants demonstrates the level of effectiveness of EMDR in children and adults, in prevention of PTSD and the use of EMDR as a crises intervention tool.

Keywords: Acute Stress  Bombing  Early Interventions  EMD  Istanbul  Recent Events  R-TEP  Symposoium  Terrorism  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


15. Istanbul Metropole Municipality. (2009, June). The effects of early interventions (EMD) and (R-TEP) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In A. de Jongh (Chair), PTSD research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Bombings  Early Intervention  EMD, R-TEP  Istanbul  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Recent Events  Research  Symposium  Terrorist  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


16. Oldenburg, D. (1995, July 21). EMDR and life after the blast: Controversial therapy praised in Oklahoma City. Washington, DC:  The Washington Post, C5.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Seconds before the bomb destroyed the federal building in Oklahoma City on April, Linda Crampton stood on her 17th-floor balcony of the apartment across the street. She breathed in the morning air, then retrned inside to go to her job as a sales rep for an airborne express service.

Keywords: General  Oklahoma City  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


17. Shapiro, F. (2012, September). EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs: Building sustainable mental health resources worldwide. ISTSS Traumatic StressPoints, 26(5), 2-3.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) began in 1995 as a response to the Oklahoma City bombing. An FBI agent who had previously received EMDR therapy called requesting help, stating that the local mental health professionals were overwhelmed by the task. After a needs assessment, approximately 100 volunteer clinicians trained in EMDR therapy were rotated in to provide pro bono treatment for the bombing victims and front-line responders. A program evaluation indicated that over 80 percent achieved beneficial treatment effects within three sessions, and, in the same year, a study using a delayed treatment control group also showed positive results (Wilson, Becker & Tinker, 1995). Subsequently, free trainings in EMDR therapy were offered and provided to 290 clinicians in collaboration with local agencies. The feedback was so positive that a 501(c)3 organization was soon established. [Excerpt]

Keywords: EMDR-HAP  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


18. Wilson, S., Tinker, R., Westerhiede, J., & Kleiner, K. (1996, June). EMDR humanitarian assistance:  Oklahoma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: HAP  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


19. Browning, C. (2000, March). EMDR in the inner city: Paterson, New Jersey. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(1), 26.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
During my Level I training, I couldn’t help thinking about a family I’d treated several years earlier while working in Paterson, New Jersey, a socioeconomically impoverished inner city. The family was a grandmother and four young grandchildren who had recently been placed in her custody. Their mother and little sister had been brutally slaughtered with a knife by their father while they were home. The four surviving children were suffering from nightmares about the incident, grief and loss issues, and fears that their father would get out of jail and come after them. One of the children, a five-year-old girl, had developed elective mutism. She had narrowly escaped the same fate as her mother and sister. The little girl had been an eyewitness to the murders and as she fled from her father, she slipped on her mother’s blood and was nearly caught by him. As I listened and learned at Level I, I wished that I’d known EMDR when I was working in Paterson.

Keywords: Family Violence: HAP Training  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


20. Aytun, O. A. (2010, June). The EMDR integrated group treatment with child victims of a terrorist. In treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The present study is carried out within a psychological counseling project which is governed by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The study was designed to assess the effects of EMDR Integrated Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-ICTP: on the child victims of a terrorist bombing in Gun Goren, Istanbul. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 60 children who are in 5th, 3rd and 4th grade and effected by the event (exposed, witnessed or their relatives harmed, etc.) with high scores on the Turkish version of 'Impact of Event Scale' (IES). Before the group session. Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) and a survey asking 5 stress-related symptoms of their lives after the bomb attack were applied. The group sessions consist of: meeting with children. explaining trauma, psychological debriefing, EMDR (Installing the safe place, assessment, drawing the first picture, drawing the second and the third picture, tapping, relaxation), healing story and art therapy. Participants completed another survey about what they have realized during and after their group experience. The study is completed with a re-evaluation of one and three months follow-up. Analyses of the data collected from the participants will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in group setting with children for reducing traumatic symptoms and developing new resources to handle problems. In this study the effectiveness of EMDR is examined according to the difference between the ages of children, and the level of exposure (witnessing, watching on TV etc.) to the traumatic event.

Keywords: Acute Stress  Children  Group Therapy  Symposium  Terrorism  Victims  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


21. Istanbul Metropole Municipality. (2009, June). The EMDR integrated group treatment with child victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In A. de Jongh (Chair), PTSD research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Bombing  Istanbul  Postttraumatic Dtress Disorder  PTSD  Research  Symposium  Terrorists  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


22. Kreck, C. (1996, September 4). EMDR therapists responded to Oklahoma City. Denver, CO:  The Denver Post, Rockies, Living, G-02.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
On April 19, 1995, only two months after Sandra Wilson finished a followup on the first unassailable study proving EMDR's spectacular success with trauma victims, the Oklahoma City bomb went off.

Keywords: Denver  Oklahoma City Bomb  Sandra Wilson  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


23. Silver, S. M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005, February). EMDR therapy following the 9/11 terrorist attacks: A community-based intervention project in New York City. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 29-42. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.12.1.29.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article presents the results of a time-limited psychological relief effort using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) following the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Clients made highly significant positive gains on a range of outcome variables, including validated psychometrics and self-report scales. Analyses of the data suggest 2 broad conclusions: EMDR is a useful treatment intervention both in the immediate aftermath of disaster as well as later; the longer treatment is delayed, the greater the level of disturbance experienced by clients. Also discussed are problems in conducting research during mass disaster response situations. A demonstration of an analog to a wait-list control group is provided. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: 9/11  Americans  Crisis Intervention  Empirical Study  Quantitative Study  September 11  Survivors  Terrorism  Terrorist Attacks  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


24. de Roos, C., Greenwald, R., Noorthoorn, E., & de Jongh, A. (2004, November). EMDR vs. CBT for disaster-exposed children: A controlled study. Presentation at the 20th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In May 2000 a firework depot exploded in the city of Enschede (The Netherlands), leaving 22 people dead, 947 injured, more than 500 houses destroyed, and about 1500 houses significantly damaged. In total 4,163 people were affected, including many children and adolescents. Children with chronic posttraumatic stress reactions were referred for treatment to the Ambultant Mental Health Care team in Enschede. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the relative efficacy of EMDR versus a CBT approach for reducing children’s symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety and behavior problems. All participants treated from 2001 to 2003 were included. They received 4 sessions EMDR or 4 sessions CBT. Moreover, four sessions of parent guidance were included in both groups. The final N was 53 children (age 3-18). Assessment took place prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention and at 3 months follow-up. The main outcome measures were: UCLA PTSD Index (parent, child and adolescent version), Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the Parent Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (PROPS), the Problem Rating Scale (PRS), the Birleson Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASQ, anxiety). Also parent-reported psychosocial dysfunction and teacher-reported problems were assessed (Child Behavior Check List: parent form and teacher form and for children aged 11 and older: self report form). For the youngest group (0-6 years) the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) was included.

Keywords: CBT  Children  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Controlled Study  Disaster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


25. Saul, J., Errebo, N., Boel, J., & Knope, J. (2005, September). EMDR, disaster, and emerging standards of psycho-social response. Panel presentation (R. Gelbach, Moderator) at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR volunteers usually working through Humanitarian Assistance Programs, have been responding to disasters worldwide for over ten years, beginning with Oklahoma City. During that period, major international relief organizations and leaders in psychosocial response to disaster have been generating new and explicit standards to guide interventions. This panel, consisting of EMDR activists ad independent experts on disaster relief, will review the emerging standards and how EMDR clinicians can relate to them.

Keywords: Disaster Relief  Humanitarian Assistance  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


26. Burkhardt, L. (2010, June). The EMDR-treatment of traumatisation in World War 2 in an elderly patient: The story of Luise. In Complex trauma. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Goals: How to deal with medical and psychological problems of patient aged over 70 and encourage colleagues to work with older patients. To show how war traumatization may shake up a live as long as 60 years after the end of war. To understand the shock of mass-bombing on a person. In this presentation I would like to present the biography and the treatment with EMDR of an old women suffering from PTSD since 1945 after surviving three mass-bombings and two attacks of strafers in WW 2. She came in treatment after the attack on W C on 9/11/2001 witch had increased her intrusions to a very high level. The practical part of the presentation will show a video of her EMDR-treatment and the necessity to use cognitive interweaves in this particular situation.

Keywords: Elderly Patient  Symposium  World War II  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


27. Capps, F., Andrade, H., & Cade, R. (2005). EMDR: An approach to healing betrayal wounds in couples counseling. In G. R. Walz & R. K. Yep (Eds.), VISTAS: Compelling Perspectives on Counseling (pp. 107-110). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Since its introduction by Francine Shapiro in 1989, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has gained wide acceptance as an efficacious clinical treatment. It is particularly useful in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Alto, 2001). Despite its relative novelty, EMDR has been used to treat survivors, emergency workers, and disaster relief counselors worldwide. EMDR therapists have successfully employed EMDR in Oklahoma City, Belfast, Zagreb, Rwanda, Dunblane, Sarajevo, Columbine, and Londonderry. EMDR has also been used in the treatment of PTSD for combat veterans from World War II, the Korean War, Beirut, and the Vietnam War (Silver & Rogers, 2002, p. xix). EMDR effects exceed those of nonspecific effects shared by all treatments and are independent of client expectations. Moreover, EMDR effects are at least equal to effects of cognitive behavioral therapy, and EMDR requires less time than other models with less client attrition (Silver & Rogers, p. 254). Importantly, the American Psychological Association has listed EMDR as an efficacious treatment for civilian PTSD (Alto, 2001).

Keywords: Betrayal Wounds  Couples Counselling  Couples Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


28. Shapiro, F. (1999). EMDR:  Working with grief. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig Tucker and Co.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
Sit in on therapy with the masters! This video is part of the innovative "Brief Therapy Inside Out" series - a unique series that puts you directly in the therapy room to watch as leading therapists demonstrate their approaches in 45-minute, unrehearsed clinical sessions with real clients (not actors). EMDR founder Francine Shapiro has trained over 30,000 clinicians worldwide in her unique approach to the treatment of trauma. Known formally as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR has been used successfully in critical incident work with victims of such tragedies as the Oklahoma City bombing, with both single-incident rape and incest survivors, with survivors of chronic abuse, even with treatment-resistant Vietnam vets. Here, Shapiro illustrates her eight-phase EMDR protocol with Angie, a recovering addict struggling with the sudden loss of her lover. While the exact neural mechanisms underlying EMDR are still not precisely understood, what is clear is that with skilled use of this potent reprocessing treatment, painful experiences that used to take months or years to treat have been resolved in as few as one to three 90-minute sessions. The videotape provides a singular introduction to this powerful approach as demonstrated by its extremely skilled founder. The clinical session is preceded by an introductory interview with series hosts Drs. Jon Carlson and Diane Kjos in which Shapiro explains basic principles underlying her approach. The video closes with a Q&A segment in which key interactions from the eight-phase treatment protocol are replayed and discussed. 95 minutes.

Keywords: Grief  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


29. Bower, B. (1995, October 21). EMDR: Promise and dissent. Science News, 148(17), 270-271.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Scientists rarely sound as apologetic as Charles R. Figley did after discussing his latest investigation at the American Psychological Association's annual meeting in New York City this August. "I'm taking a major risk in presenting such odd and unusual techniques to you," Figley told the assembled clinicians. "But these are potentially revolutionary treatments for traumatic stress reactions."

Keywords: Research  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


30. Staff. (1996, March 14). The eyes have it: How the method works -- Here's how eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing is performed. Salt Lake City, UT:  Salt Lake Tribune, Final, C8.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Therapists say clients with a single tramuatic event may need only one to three 90-minute sessions. Those with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder -- women molested for years as children or Vietnam veterans -- can require many more sessions as well as other kinds of assistance to treat what EMDR creator Francine Shapiro calls ``secondary gain.'' These are the benefits that reinforce the trauma, such as the disability checks a Vietnam veteran receives or the attention and nurturing a molestation victim gets.

Keywords: General  Overview  Salt Lake City  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


31. Pek, A., & Leahy, C. (2008, September). Genezen door EMDR [Healed by EMDR]. Psychologie Magazine, 30-33.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In een paar sessies van je trauma af: het kan met EMDR. Deskundigen breken zich het hoofd over een mogelijke verklaring. Het succes van een opmerkelijke behandelmethode. ...Een paar maanden geleden is Meriam van haar fiets gereden door een automobilist die vond dat ze niet snel genoeg opzij ging. Ze had een hersenschudding en een gebroken pols. Dat is allemaal goed genezen, maar sindsdien slaapt ze slecht. Ze heeft concentratieproblemen, schrikt telkens als ze een motor hoort optrekken, en ze durft niet meer in de stad te fietsen.

In a few sessions of trauma you off: it can with EMDR. Experts racking their brains over a possible explanation. The success of a remarkable treatment method. ...A few months ago by Meriam riding her bike by a motorist thought she was not fast enough aside. They had a concussion and a broken wrist. That is all well healed, but since then she sleeps bad. She has difficulty concentrating, always startled when she hears an engine acceleration, and they dare no longer in the city bikes.

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


32. Borrelli, S. (2002). The great train crash:  A story of three. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
I am having the great privilege of working with three different survivors of the Paddington Street train crash which occurred on October 5, 1999 in London. This event represents one of the worst transportation catastrophes that this city has ever known, and has effected the lives of countless people. It is only just now that many of the survivors have been allotted money for psychological treatment of their post trauma symptoms. This type of bureaucratic foot-dragging, an inexcusable example of man's inhumanity to man, is just one of a series of injustices suffered by these folks.

Keywords: Case Study  London Train Crash 1999  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


33. Korkmazlar-Oral, U., & Pamuk, S. (2002). Group EMDR with child survivors of the earthquake in Turkey. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: clinical applications with children, Occasional paper No. 19 (pp. 47-50) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This study was structured under emergency conditions to support and help children psychologically, just after the acute period of the earthquake that took place on 17 August 1999 in Turkey. EMDR, healing stories and artwork were administered to 16 children (10-11 years old) on a group basis in the tent city. Their symptoms were restlessness, not being able to stay alone, fear of the dark, fear of loud noises and anxiety. The children enjoyed the opportunity to express and reprocess their traumatic experiences with the help of EMDR and artwork, which became apparent when their SUDs level went down from 9/10 to 10.

Keywords: Children  Earthquakes  Occasional Paper  Recent Events  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


34. Luber, M., & Shapiro, F. (2009). Interview with Francine Shapiro: Historical overview, present issues, and future directions of EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 217-231. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.217.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This interview with Dr. Francine Shapiro, originator and developer of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), provides an overview of the history and evolution of EMDR from its inception to current findings and utilization, as well as future directions in research and clinical development. Dr. Shapiro discusses the psychological traditions that informed the development of EMDR and the Adaptive Information model, as well as the implications for current treatment. The rationale for the application of EMDR to a wide range of disorders is discussed, as well as its integration with other therapeutic approaches. Topics include research on the role of eye movements, the use of EMDR with combat veterans, somatoform disorders, attachment issues, and the distinct features of EMDR that have allowed it to be used for crisis intervention worldwide. Dr. Francine Shapiro is the originator and developer of EMDR. She is a senior research fellow at the Mental Research Institute (MRI) in Palo Alto, California, executive director of the EMDR Institute in Watsonville, California, and the founder and president emeritus of the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program, a nonprofit organization that coordinates disaster response and supports low fee training worldwide. She has written the primary text on EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles and Procedures (Guilford Press) and co-authored or edited four others: EMDR: The Breakthrough Therapy for Overcoming Anxiety, Stress and Trauma (Basic Books), EMDR as an Integrative Psychotherapy Approach: Experts of Diverse Orientations Explore the Paradigm Prism (American Psychological Association Books), Handbook of EMDR and Family Therapy Processes (Wiley), and Short-Term Therapy for Long-Term Change. She has written and co-authored more than 60 articles and chapters and is an invited speaker at psychology conferences all over the world. Dr. Shapiro is a recipient of the American Psychological Association Division 56 Award for Outstanding Contributions to Practice in Trauma Psychology, the Distinguished Scientific Achievement in Psychology Award presented by the California Psychological Association and the International Sigmund Freud Award for Psychotherapy presented by the City of Vienna in conjunction with the World Council of Psychotherapy. She was appointed one of the “Cadre of Experts” by the American Psychological Association and Canadian Psychological Association Joint Initiative on Ethno-political Warfare. She has served as an advisor to many trauma treatment and outreach organizations and journals. She has three awards bestowed in her honor. Those given by the EMDR International Association and the EMDR-Ibero-American Association celebrate members of the EMDR community who follow in her footsteps of creative thinking, service, and dedication to the standard of EMDR. The EMDR Europe Association presents the Francine Shapiro EMDR-Europe Research Award in order to encourage research in the field. In 2008, a comprehensive electronic resource for scholarly articles and other important references related to EMDR and adaptive information processing was introduced and was named The Francine Shapiro Library in honor of Dr. Shapiro (http://emdr.nku.edu/emdr_data.php).

Keywords: History  Interview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


35. Kutz, I. (2009). Letters to the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 57-58. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.57.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
I sincerely thank Ms. Masters for her important comments. Indeed, to the list of confounding variables enumerated by Ms. Masters, one may add others like suggestibility, a trait present in some of the clients, that may be further infl uenced by the setting of the intervention or the personality of the clinician. So the question of correlation or casualty and the issue of specifi city are always pertinent. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Letter  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


36. Jarvik, E. (1996, February 22). Looking trauma in the eye. Salt Lake City, UT: The Deseret News, Metro, Today, C1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
At first, psychotherapist Richard Glade tried traditional talk therapy with Mr. A. Then, unable to make much headway, Glade decided to try something else: a controversial treatment called EMDR.

Keywords: Richard Glade  Salt Lake City  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


37. Habib, M. F. B. (1998, December 14). Moving eyes can heal you. London, Independent: The Independent.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
On April 19, 1995 in Oklahoma city at 9.02 am, a car bomb exploded at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. At that moment Linda was dressing in her living room a block away and the blast made her unconscious. Getting back her consciousness after a few minutes, Linda was able to come out of the bomb blast-affected building with difficulty. She was numb with terror. She received hundreds of tiny cuts; yet a doctor certified that she was okay. But actually she was not. She could not function independently. She forgot to perform her simple but essential daily chores. She started to lose four pounds a week in weight. Screaming, crying, scaring became the daily routine during her sleep. She even forgot how to work. Two months later her boss took her to a mental health clinic and the doctor there wanted to admit her to the hospital. She opposed the idea as she was brought up in an orphanage and she strongly disliked such institutions. The doctor then advised them to go to the EMDR free clinic. Linda was brought to the clinic and there a miracle happened. After her first EMDR treatment, Linda's nightmare came to a stop. During the second week she was able to return to her work, and after the third session she was back to her normal life. A year later Linda described her first experience of EMDR as "the weirdest thing I had ever experienced with the exception of the bomb."

Keywords: General  Oklahoma City  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


38. Kadala, T. (2001, September 19). New website launched to assist Americans suffering from trauma. Hastingson-Hudson, N.Y., PR Newswire.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Anticipating that millions of Americans have been traumatized by the recent terrorist attacks on the United States, a new website, EMDRnews.com has been launched providing information on the therapy commonly referred to as EMDR, (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) for the public at large. Furnishing insight, information and education, the website will make a free 3-page monthly newsletter available, written in easy-to-understand laymen's terms. EMDR is particularly useful in treating trauma, anxiety, phobias, grief, and personality issues. The website/publication is a joint offering of ATC, Inc., an online publisher, Robert Buck, M.S.W., A.C.S.W. of Hastings-on-Hudson and NY City, and Victoria Britt of Bender/Britt Seminars, Montclair, NJ. Ms. Britt, in the forefront of the EMDR movement, stated "Never before have so many people been exposed to such trauma. EMDR will be available to facilitate the mind/body self-healing process needed in the months to come; we are inviting the public to learn how we can help," she concluded.

Keywords: Website  EMDRNews.com  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


39. Wilson, S. A. (1995). Oklahoma city. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 14.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This is a report on the EMDR Helping Hands Project which involved the volunteering and assistance provided by EMDR professional practitioners for the victims of the Oklahoma City bombing disaster in 1995.

Keywords: EMDR Helping Hands Project 1995  Oklahoma City Disaster Project    

Accuracy Verified: Yes


40. Kleiner, K. (1995). Oklahoma City. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 14 .

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This is a report on the EMDR Helping Hands Project which involved the volunteering and assistance provided by EMDR professional practitioners for the victims of the Oklahoma City bombing disaster in 1995.

Keywords: EMDR Helping Hands Project 1995  Oklahoma City Disaster Project  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


41. Albert, J. (1995). Oklahoma city: "EMDR helping hands" Oklahoma city disaster. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 13-14.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This is a report on the EMDR Helping Hands Project which involved the volunteering and assistance provided by EMDR professional practitioners for the victims of the Oklahoma City bombing disaster in 1995.

Keywords: EMDR Helping Hands Project 1995  Oklahoma City Disaster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


42. Goldman, R. (1995). Oklahoma city: One more second. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 13.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: Poem by Rebecca Goldman about the Oklahoma City disaster and the individuals who helped the victims.

Keywords: Oklahoma City Disaster Assistance Project  Poetry  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


43. Orange City News. (1995, July 13). Orange resident talks about helping at Oklahoma bomb site. Orange County, CA: The Orange County Register, Orange, 03.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
EMDR is a new treatment that uses principles of Rapid Eye Movement sleep to help clients reprocess and store traumatic experiences into long-term memory. Age: 49 On Oklahoma City: One of three psychologists specializing in EMDR.

Keywords: General  Orange County  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


44. Nichols, K. M. (1997, November 3). Panic attacks shatter security:  They grip millions of Americans. Los Angeles: Daily News, Valley LA Life, L3.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Luckily, using a special technique called EMDR (eye movement, desensitization, reprocessing) developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro of Monterey, the woman's fears left her after one session and she was able to return to normal life.
Also published in:
(1997, December 16). When panic strikes, look deep inside for an underlying cause. Buffalo, NY: The Buffalo News, C1
(1997, November 4). Key to overcoming anxiety attacks is to confront fears. Columbia, SC: The State, Final, Health Science, D1 [3 pages]
(1997, November 2). Panic. Harrisburg, PA: The Patriot-News, Final, Living, I01
(1997, November 24). Panic attacks. Cedar-Rapids/Iowa City, IA: The Gazette, C, 1
(1997, November 10). Panic attacks crush victims. St. Louis, MO: St. Louis Post-Dispatch, E4 [2 pages]
(1997, November 16). When panic strikes. Chicago, IL: Post-Tribune, All, Lifestyle, D3 [3 pages]
(1997, November 23). Counseling said key to curing panic attacks. Baton Rouge, LA: The Advocate, People, 11-H [2 pages]
(1998, February 24). Turn the table on panic attacks. Piedmont Triad, NC: The News & Record

Keywords: Los Angeles  Panic Attack  Panic Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


45. Hurley, E. C., & Colelli, G. (2006, September). Post-Katrina disaster response:  EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) volunteers discuss post-Katrina recovery work and its comparison with the 9/11 New York City response. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation provides a collective body of knowledge helpful for EMDR clinicians in understanding disaster response at sites both in post-Katrina operations in Louisiana and 911 operations in New York City. The presentation will include information learned by EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) volunteers in establishing an on-site network for trauma recovery clinicians serving in Louisiana. Lessons learned include establishing initial onsite networks, noting key contact persons, and networking with local agencies in providing EMDR services. EMDR Consultation and the importance of daily debriefings of the clinical work will be discussed. Differences in protocols such as EMD, Recent Events Protocol, and EMDR, as they relate to the timing of the trauma will be outlined. The importance of practicing healthy self-care and avoiding burnout will be noted. A summation will include the similarities and differences between the EMDR community-based intervention project in New York City with responders and civilian following 9/11 and the post-Katrina HAP project with first responders in Louisiana.

Keywords: HAP  Katrina  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


46. Kazi, A., Freund, B., & Ironson, G. (2008, April). Prolonged exposure treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder following the 9/11 attack with a person who escaped from the twin towers. Clinical Case Studies, 7(2), 100-117. doi:10.1177/1534650107306290.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The occurrence and impact of terrorist attacks can be dramatic and long lasting. Cognitivebehavioral interventions are effective in alleviating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors of rape, wartime combat, automobile accidents, and natural disasters. Effectiveness of such interventions on victims of terrorist attacks is in the early stages of research. On September 11, 2001, two hijacked planes crashed into the twin towers in New York City, killing approximately 2,750 people and emotionally and physically affecting thousands who witnessed or escaped the attack. This case study illustrates a course of 12 active prolonged exposure (PE) sessions for PTSD with a female survivor. After 15 sessions (3 of which were preparatory), the client improved 75%, as measured by a composite score of measures. Her reported quality of life had improved dramatically posttreatment and remained stable at 6-month follow-up. This cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention, with 15 office sessions and homework assignments for decreasing avoidances, is described and discussed.

Keywords: 9/11  CBT  Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Prolonged Exposure Treatment  PTSD  September 11th  Terrorist Attacks  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


47. Robredo, J., & Gordillo, M. (2010, Abril). Protocolo de tratamiento breve para menores expuestos a situaciones de violencia de género familiar [Brief treatment protocol for children exposed to domestic violence situations familiar]. In Pautas de Intervención con menores infractores y situaciones de violencia de género. Simposio realizado en el Congreso Internacional sobre Avances en Tratamientos Psicológicos, Granada, Spain .

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
El Instituto de Psicotrauma de Alicante y los Servicios Sociales del Ayuntamiento de San Juan, aplican desde 2008 un protocolo de intervención breve para menores expuestos a violencia de género, basado en las técnicas de desensibilización y reprocesamiento a través del movimiento de los ojos, EMDR© (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Los resultados obtenidos con 28 menores de 4 a 12 años indican una desaparición de los cuadros clínicos de estrés postraumático y depresión, la remisión de los problemas de conducta concomitantes (desobediencia, agresividad) y una mejora del vínculo afectivo con la madre. El protocolo de intervención consta de 4 fases: evaluación, tratamiento, prevención de recaídas y seguimiento. La evaluación se realiza en 2 sesiones, una con la madre y otra con su hij@. Consta de sendas entrevistas clínicas y la administración de la Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta en Niños (CMAS-R), la Escala de Gravedad de Síntomas del Estrés Postraumático y el Test del Dibujo de la Familia (niñ@s menores de 6 años). El tratamiento consiste en la aplicación de técnicas de EMDR a lo largo de 7 sesiones trabajando con los recuerdos traumáticos del menor asociados a la violencia vivida en la familia. Las 2 últimas sesiones se hacen junto con la madre, trabajando escenas específicamente relacionadas con la figura del maltratador. La prevención de recaídas se realiza en 1 sesión con la madre y el/la niñ@, y se trabajan, también con EMDR, situaciones probables de su futuro, como pueden ser encuentros con el padre. Al mes de seguimiento se volvieron a realizar las entrevistas y a pasar los tests de evaluación. El 100% de los menores atendidos experimentaron la remisión de sus síntomas de estrés postraumático y en el 80% de los casos desaparecieron sus problemas de conducta en el entorno familiar y escolar.

Psychotrauma Institute of Alicante and the Social Services of the City San Juan, applied since 2008, a brief intervention protocol for children exposed to domestic violence, based on the techniques desensitization and reprocessing through movement of the eyes, © EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). The results obtained with 28 kids from 4 to 12 years indicate a disappearance of the clinical symptoms of PTSD and depression, remission of concomitant behavior problems (disobedience, aggression) and improved bonding with the mother. The intervention protocol consists of four phases: assessment, treatment, relapse prevention and monitoring. The evaluation is done in two sessions, with each other with their mother and hij @. It consists of individual interviews clinical and management Manifest Anxiety Scale in Children (CMAS-R), the Symptom Severity Scale and Posttraumatic Stress Drawing Test Family (children under 6 s). treatment involves the application of techniques EMDR 7 along working sessions with the minor traumatic memories associated with violence experienced domestically. The last 2 sessions are done with the mother, scenes work specifically related to the figure of the perpetrator. Relapse prevention is done in one session with the mother and / the Nin @, and worked also with EMDR, probable future situations, such as meetings with the father. One month after they became to conduct interviews and assessment tests pass. 100% treated children experienced a remission of their symptoms of stress posttraumatic and in 80% of cases their problems disappeared behavior in the family and school environment.

Keywords: Children  Domestic Violence  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


48. Ratliff, K. (2000, November 19). Psychological care explores new arena. Iowa City, IA:  Iowa City Press-Citizen, 1C.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), the technique is a psychological method for treating emotional problems ranging from traumatic events such as combat stress, assaults and natural disasters, to upsetting childhood events and anxiety disorders.

Keywords: General  Iowa City  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


49. Travers, E. (2000, April 18). Putting a finger on the problem: Treatment for trauma survivors is being used against corporate stress, but skeptics abound. Montreal, Canada: The Gazette, News, A4.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Therapists using an ''eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing'' treatment - known as EMDR and developed in 1989 to treat trauma victims - are finding rapid improvements among stressed-out movers and shakers who have never seen a day of war, an earthquake or a bombing.

Keywords: General  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


50. Pena, M. (2006). Sanar el dolor a traves del movimiento ocular [Healing the pain through eye movement]. Buenos Aires: Kier.

Language: Spanish

Format: Book

Abstract:
Ningún Método aplicado por la medicina tradicional ha podido terminar con esta clase de sufrimiento. Hoy, gracias a la novedosa técnica EMDR (Movimientos Oculares de Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento), nos encontramos ante un nuevo paradigma terapéutico: la posibilidad real de terminar con el dolor. Los recuerdos traumáticos se aíslan en el cerebro como resultado de los neuroquímicos producidos por el cuerto en el momento del trauma, que se almacenan sin asimilar durante años. El trabajo que se realiza a través del movimiento de los ojos desbloquea estos recuerdos reconectando las redes neuronales, antes aisladas del resto del cerebro, logrando así eliminar la sensación de dolor que el recuerdo genera en el paciente. Las técnicas EMDR y T.I.C. (Técnicas de Integración Cerebral) se han utilizado con enorme éxito en personas que sufrieron graves traumas: asaltos, abusos sexuales, así como en soldados con secuelas de guerra (Guerra de los Balcanes en Sarajevo, Bosnia), en víctimas de ataques con bombas (Oklahoma, EE.UU), en pacientes con ataques de pánico y fobias. Es tratamiento de soldados con estrés de combate, víctimas de inundaciones y huracanes y en los sobrevivientes al ataque a las Torres Gemelas en Nueva York, EE.UU., en 2001. La Lic. Marta Peña nos acerca en esta obra las bases y aplicaciones de las técnicas con ejemplos de exitosos casos clínicos reales.

No method used by traditional medicine has failed to finish with this kind of suffering. Today, thanks to the new technique EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), we face a new treatment paradigm: a real chance to end the pain. Isolated traumatic memories in the brain as a result of neurochemicals produced by the cuerto at the time of trauma, which are stored for years without assimilating. The work done through eye movement unlock these memories reconnecting the neural network, previously isolated from the rest of the brain, thus eliminating the sensation of pain that the memories generated by the patient. EMDR techniques and T.I.C. (Cerebral Integration Techniques) have been used with great success in people who suffered severe trauma: assaults, sexual abuse, as well as soldiers with sequelae of war (War in the Balkans in Sarajevo, Bosnia), victims of bombings ( Oklahoma, USA) in patients with panic attacks and phobias. It's treatment of soldiers with combat stress, flood and hurricane victims and survivors of the attack on the Twin Towers in New York, USA, in 2001. Ms. Marta Peña us about this document the basis and applications of the techniques with examples of successful real clinical cases.

Keywords: General  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


51. Colelli, G. (2002, January/February). Selecting EMDR candidates – A trained clinician’s checklist. EMDRNews.com, 3.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
In response to the 9/11 tragedy, the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP), the same organization that responded to the Oklahoma City bombing trauma treatment needs, has established a similar response operation in New York City. Referred to as the Disaster Mental Health Recovery Network this nationwide alliance of EMDR trained clinicians offers volunteer services for short-term EMDR-centered therapy specifically tailored for those directly impacted by the terrorist attacks.

Keywords: Client Checklist  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


52. Puk, G., & Silver, S. (1997, October). Some lessons learned in the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program intervention in the Balkans. Behavior Online. Retrieved http://www.behavior.net/forums/evolutionary/1998/27-user=&email=&depth=8&detail=description&lastread=5-8.htm 6/10/1998.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Mental health professionals have been trained in using EMDR with trauma victims throughout the world. However, the EMDR-Humanitarian Assistance Program (EMDR-HAP) was formed in 1995 as a nonprofit organization to provide assistance and training to local mental health professionals/psychotherapists within the United States and internationally who are managing the nearly overwhelming task of providing psychotherapy to the victims of large scale traumatic events. This includes natural disasters, e.g.: earthquakes, floods, firestorms, hurricanes; military personnel and civilians in war zones; victims of large scale accidents, e.g.: the family members of the victims of TWA flight #800; and victims of sexual assault and terrorist acts, e.g.: the Oklahoma City bombing. The EMDR-HAP personnel have been trainers and group facilitators from the EMDR Institute who have volunteered their time and expertise to provide treatment and to train local mental health professionals in EMDR.

Keywords: Balkans  ERMDR-HAP  EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


53. Shapiro, F. (1995). Stray thoughts. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 1-2.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The report of the bombing in Oklahoma City was extremely painful for many of us. As I watched TV, I was struck again by the level of pain we put each other through, and the level of suffering some of us endure. It also made me think of the obligation we have as mental health professionals to the world at large.

Keywords: Oklahoma City Bombing  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


54. Silver, S. M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005). A study of a psychological relief effort conducted in New York City following September 11th:  Preliminary results of a pro bono community based intervention project. Unpublished.

Language: English

Format: Other

Keywords: 9/11  September 11th  World Trade Center  WTC  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


55. Wilson, D. (1995, June 16). Therapists take technique to survivors of bombing. Colorado Springs, CO: The Gazette, City/State, 2.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Organized by Colorado Springs therapist Sandra Wilson, the volunteers practice a therapy called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR for short. Wilson, who is currently in Oklahoma City, conducted a local study of the technique and presented the findings to the American Psychological Association in August.

Keywords: General  Colorado Springs  Overview  Sandra Wilson  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


56. Associated Press. (1995, June 21). Therapy aids bomb survivors. Galveston, TX: The Daily News, Health & Science, 3-A.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Oklahoma City — Desperate to rid himself of nightmares about the federal building bombing, Greg Pruitt settled into a chair and watched his therapist's fingers move rhythmically from side to side. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Bombings  General  Oklahoma City  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


57. Colelli, G., & Patterson, B. (2008). Three case reports illustrating the use of the protocol for recent traumatic events following the World Trade Center terrorist attack. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 114-123. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.114.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Following the attacks on the New York World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program initiated a response establishing the New York City Disaster Mental Health Recovery Network. The network provided coordination and assistance to local psychotherapists who volunteered to provide treatment to individuals directly affected by the tragedy. The psychotherapists utilized both the EMDR standard protocol and the EMDR Recent Events protocol during the initial aftermath and ongoing recovery at the World Trade Center site. The development of the network is reviewed, and detailed descriptions are provided regarding three cases to illustrate the use of the EMDR Recent Events protocol. The research findings reported by Silver, Rogers, Knipe, and Colelli that demonstrated support for EMDR as a postdisaster treatment are summarized. Further research is recommended. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: 9/11  Adults  Americans  Case Report  Man-Made Disasters  Recent Events Protocol  September 11  Survivors  Terrorism  Terrorist Attacks  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


58. Lando, S. (2001, December 12). To heaven and hell, and back. Jerusalem, Israel:  Jerusalem Post, Daily Edition, Features, 10.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
I looked at him, waiting for the rest. He knew I wouldn't accept that word as a real answer. "B'seder gamur" - very fine," he said a second later. Then he added, "B'seder vegamur (Fine and finished)." I had been working with Malachi after the terrorist bombing attack in which he was badly wounded. Like many people who survive these incidents, he suffered from PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), a condition which causes flashbacks from the event, nightmares, panic attacks and prevents the individual from functioning. In his late forties, [Malachi] looked older. He had sat behind the wheel of a bus from 5 a.m. till 9 p.m. and knew, personally and by name, many of the passengers who had traveled with him daily and were now hurt or dead.

Keywords: General  Jerusalem  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


59. Kutz, I. (2009). To the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 57-58. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.57.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Reply by the current author to the comments made by Rosemary Masters (see record 2009-02768-007) on the original article by I. Kutz, V. Resnik and R. Dekel (see record 2008-13102-003). I sincerely thank Ms. Masters for her important comments. Indeed, to the list of confounding variables enumerated by Ms. Masters, one may add others like suggestibility. She may have missed the main point of the article—the immediacy of the response. By equating the epidemiological figures of natural recovery from trauma exposure to the numbers described in our study, Ms. Masters is comparing a process that progresses over several months to a process that occurred within a single session that lasted approximately 45 minutes. More strikingly, these dramatic changes in traumatic memories and intrusion distress are tightly correlated with the EMDR set, which lasted a minute or less and appeared within a minute or two after the set. However, since we did not systematically follow up on many of those patients we described, we should emphasize and restate that 50% of our population had complete immediate relief following a single session of EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Accidents  Acute Stress Syndromes  Bombing Attacks  Intrusion Distress  Letter  Terrorist  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


60. Ransom, F. V. (1995, September 14). Traumatic relief:  Area therapist helps Oklahoma City victims with new treatment. Dayton, OH:  Dayton Daily News, 1C.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
After the Oklahoma City bomb blast killed 167 people, the call went out for help - and Centerville therapist Thomas Verdon headed west, spending a week helping victims cope with post-traumatic stress. He used Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, or EMDR, a method involving rapid movements of the eye that are believed to unlock and relieve disturbing thoughts.

Keywords: Dayton  Oklahoma City  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


61. Dial, M. (1995, June 25). Unusual therapy offers for bomb survivors. Kokomo, Indiana: Kokomo Tribune, A4.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The 8-year-old treatment is known as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, or EMDR. Advocates say it is rapidly effective for people with post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as anxiety, depression and panic attacks. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Bombings  General  Oklahoma City  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


62. Bilal, M. S., & Rana, M. H. (2008, June). Use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in battle hardy soldiers after sustaining psychological trauma in various suicide bomb blast: A series of cases of post traumatic stress in terrorist acts. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: The purpose of the study is to show the impact of the use of EMDR in survivors of suicide bomb blasts in North of Pakistan. Design and Settings: The study involves an ongoing compilation of clinical data and the study of therapeutic responses to various interventions including EMDR, at a tertiary mental health facility and Centre for Trauma Research and Psychosocial Interventions (CTRPI), Rawalpindi /Islamabad, Pakistan. This mental health facility is the catchment area of patients from Northern areas of Pakistan, currently the part of the country, worst affected by series of suicide bombings targeting military and civil population. Method: Families of the victims and those who survive suicide bombings without physical injuries are referred to CTRPI from peripheral areas / hospitals for assessment for psychosocial consequences of facing a man made disaster. Patients are interviewed at the point in time of referral and scoring is done on Impact of Event Scale (IES). Those who fulfill the criteria of Post traumatic Stress Disorder according to ICD-10 are registered for further studies and appropriate interventions. The individuals who fulfil the criteria for PTSD or any other psychiatric morbidity are then enrolled for regular psychiatric follow up. The patients are first offered the use of EMDR and all who give an informed consent are then assigned to a psychiatrist trained in EMDR (Level 2). Sessions of EMDR as per the protocol of 8 stages are carried out. Scoring on IES is recorded serially. According to the degree of improvement and severity of illness, sessions of EMDR are carried out using the bilateral stimulation during the hospital stay. Results: The three individuals who have completed EMDR treatment had survived the suicidal bombing attacks and fulfilled the entry criteria were administered 8 stage protocol EMDR. They all improved in their symptoms of intrusive images, hyper-arousal, autonomic instability and avoidance. Their sleep improved and nightmares diminished. Their social and interpersonal functioning improved. There was marked reduction of basal anxiety levels in all three. Scores on IES done after intervention (EMDR) improved from initial pre EMDR score of 41, 38 and 40 respectively to post EMDR scores of 18, 15 and 14 for the three subjects who completed EMDR protocol of 8 stages. On reporting to their respective units their occupational effectiveness has returned to previous levels of functioning. Conclusions: EMDR proves to be an effective non pharmacological intervention in terms of post traumatic stress disorder in special circumstances of acts of terrorism involving suicide bombing. The data presented is only preliminary and is based on a small number out of a larger sample.

Keywords: Military  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Terrorism  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


63. Tinker, R. H. (1995, June). Using EMDR to treat children. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Last year over 3 million children were exposed to physical and sexual abuse, and/or community and domestic violence (based on conservative estimates. Of these, approximately 1 million will require mental health, medical and educational services related to PTSD symptoms. The present workshop will make extensive use of videotaped sessions to illustrate the effectiveness of EMDR with traumatized children and children who exhibit symptomatology related to the major psychiatric syndromes exhibited in childhood. General considerations in using EMDR with children will be covered. Issues related to client safety during EMDR will be illustrated with a tape of a 10-year-old boy who was traumatized by physical abuse and his inability to protect his younger brothers. Standard protocols for use with children will be demonstrated by videotape, ranging from protocols appropriate for eight-year-olds and older; to those appropriate for most five- to eight-year-olds; and finally to those appropriate for children less than five. For example, nightmares are often a target of choice for young children, and this will be illustrated with a video of a four-year-old boy resolving a nightmare image. Diagnostic issues in using EMDR with children will also be covered. A majority of children referred for psychotherapy are referred for abuse (physical and sexual) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An overview of ADHD will be provided, with a discussion of how these-symptoms often overlap with PTSD symptomatology, causing diagnostic difficulties. Videotapes and overheads will be used in case presentations. The effects of divorce on children will be adumbrated, along with developmental considerations. Again, videos will be used to amplify the discussion. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on children, and how EMDR can be helpful with these children will be another major topic for consideration. Videos illustrating this process will be presented. PTSD in children will be examined, along with developmental considerations, and illustrated by videotape. If possible, footage from children traumatized by the bombing in Oklahoma City, will be included. Other videos could include using EMDR with a four-year-old child who was in an automobile accident, whose behavior continued to be impaired six months later, and a youth who accidentally shot and killed his younger cousin. Childhood disorders following bereavement will also be discussed and illustrated via videotape. References will be provided.

Keywords: Children  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


64. Tinker, R. (1996, June). Using EMDR with children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Last year over 3 million children were exposed to physical and sexual abuse, andor community and domestic violence (based on conservative estimates. Of these, approximately 1 million will require mental health, medical and educational services related to PTSD symptoms. The present workshop will make extensive use of videotaped sessions to illustrate the effectiveness of EMDR with traumatized children and children who exhibit symptomatology related to the major psychiatric syndromes exhibited in childhood. General considerations in using EMDR with children will be covered. Issues related to client safety during EMDR will be illustrated with a tape of a 10-year-old boy who was traumatized by physical abuse and his inability to protect his younger brothers. Standard protocols for use with children will be demonstrated by videotape, ranging from protocols appropriate for eight-year-olds and older; to those appropriate for most five- to eight-year-olds; and finally to those appropriate for children less than five. For example, nightmares are often a target of choice for young children, and this will be illustrated with a video of a four-year-old boy resolving a nightmare image. Diagnostic issues in using EMDR with children will also be covered. A majority of children referred for psychotherapy are referred for abuse (physical and sexual) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An overview of ADHD will be provided, with a discussion of how these-symptoms often overlap with PTSD symptomatology, causing diagnostic difficulties. Videotapes and overheads will be used in case presentations. The effects of divorce on children will be adumbrated, along with developmental considerations. Again, videos will be used to amplify the discussion. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on children, and how EMDR can be helpful with these children will be another major topic for consideration. Videos illustrating this process will be presented. PTSD in children will be examined, along with developmental considerations, and illustrated by videotape. If possible, footage from children traumatized by the bombing in Oklahoma City, will be included. Other videos could include using EMDR with a four-year-old child who was in an automobile accident, whose behavior continued to be impaired six months later, and a youth who accidentally shot and killed his younger cousin. Childhood disorders following bereavement will also be discussed and illustrated via videotape. References will be provided.

Keywords: Children  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


65. Staff. (2000). Using the eyes to overcome stress and anxiety:  A controversial therapy called EMDR. News & Perspective, WholeHealthMD.com.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Many of the victims of the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 had no physical wounds but were deeply wounded by psychological scars. Traumatized by memories of the tragedy and its aftermath, they experienced a form of lingering psychological paralysis called post-traumatic stress disorder that made it nearly impossible to live a normal life.

Keywords: General  Oklahoma City Bombing  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes


66. Owen, P. (1999, January 3). Workshop helps participants overcome stress from bombing. Oklahoma City, OK: The Daily Oklahoman, City, News, 9.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
One of the most intriguing features of the workshop is the use of EMDR, or eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing. EMDR is a simple technique of moving an object rapidly before the eyes to bring about what some call amazing results. Somehow, this rapid-eye effort helps people sort through traumatic memories, making them more bearable.

Keywords: Oklahoma City  Bombing  Stress  

Accuracy Verified: Yes