Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links

 

 

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1. Crow, C., & Sause, E. (2007, June). Accessing preverbal trauma for effective adult EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Recent research (Moberg, 2003, The Oxytocin Factor) indicates the potential of early pre-verbal trauma to set up biochemical and neurological responses which activate certain triggers. Since the touchstone event is pre-verbal, it is difficult to identify, but crucial in the resolution of later traumas resistant to full EMDR processing (Those who remain stuck at a greater than 0 SUDs). The antedotal experience is that this model can activate the material more fully and facilitate more thorough competion of phases 4-8. "Once upon a Time" contains every element of the EMDR Protocol in the prescribed order, Incident, Image, NC, PC, VOC, Emotion, SUD, Body sensation. This experimental model is not a substitute for standard EMDR. It facilitates access tohese preverbal traumas and the resultant cognitions which may have formed around them. It allows for a return to the standard EMDR protocol after this early material has been effectively targeted and reprocessed. "Once Upon a Time" model allows for fuller connection with early material. History is collected through antedotal information from third party informants and family photographs and is used to create a metaphor; this technique can access the multiple modalities of pre-verbal experience previously intellectualized. Phase three begins with a short continuation of Phase 1 using an interview format to review and briefly discuss the various elements of the troubling material. A "sentence completion" format is used to obtain the TICES elements. Those spontaneous answers form the script for a "Once Upon a Time" (Crow, 2004, EMDRIA Montreal, Canada), a deviation from Phase 4 of the standard protocol. Pertinent examples of the application of this model will be discussed and demonstrated with video taped excerpts of actual clients. Video taped client reports of the long term effect of the shifts resulting from the "Once Upon a Time" experience will provide validation that this technique enables retur to the standard EMDR protocol and full processing of previously incompletely processed material. Participants will create their own "Once Upon a Time" script from a video example of client history as an experiential introduction to the intricacies of this model. Evidence indicates that this technique is effective on a "consultant" basis, where the "Once Upon a Time" can be conducted by a separate therapist skilled in the technique, and returned to their regular EMDR therapist to complete this treatment. Currently a study is underway utilizing a pre/post text design (N=10) and statistical analysis of the results to measure the quantitative change within the client.

Keywords: Model  Poster  Preverbal Trauma  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. O'Shea, K. (2008, June). Anger, imagination and EMDR – what EMDR has taught us about the importance of anger and how to facilitate its safe release. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Jaak Panksepp’s text, Affective Neuroscience (1998), informs us of the vast amount of neurological data available to show that, like all mammals, anger is one of our basic affective circuits. Yet it is not identified as such in the diagnostic manual, at least here in the States. Only the destructive outcomes of angry behaviors are included. Guiding EMDR sessions over the past 17 years has given me the opportunity to observe the nondestructive release of anger as a protective response to harmful (traumatic) experiences. Imagination appears to provide us with an innate ability to acknowledge the degree of harm, and to experience, at a physical level, the capability to protect ourselves and others, if anything similar recurs. Following that release, I consistently see what I call “Compassion-with-Protection”, spontaneously expressed. Others call it “forgiveness”. Because of their experiences with destructive anger and our cultural avoidance of anger, clients often have difficulty allowing their angry feelings to be felt and released during EMDR work. Letting them know they have this capability can enable them to “just notice what happens” during trauma reprocessing. This workshop will address, via description and case examples, how EMDR has clarified the nature of anger. It will specify how EMDR clinicians can support their clients in releasing anger non-destructively (by clearing the anger circuit during Preparation, teaching them how the Imagination works - for self-use and during reprocessing, - and identifying the most efficient targeting sequences), so they can update their systems to their current level of capability and fully experience the “Compassion-with-Protection” that naturally follows.

Keywords: Anger  Imagination  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. Lister, D. (2002, May). Another possible neurobiological mechanism for EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Frankfurt, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Neurological Mechanism  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Carter, A. (2007, June). Assessment and treatment of complex PTSD and dissociative disorders in childhood and adolescence, the role and use of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Damage occurs to a child’s self in the context of relationship when raised in an environment of abuse and neglect. This damage to self is manifested through disruptions in development. A child or adolescent will be unable to perform tasks a non-traumatized child or adolescent has not difficulty mastering. These tasks may be physical, emotional, intellectual, sexual, social, or spiritual. When these disruptions become manifest in the environment with which the child or adolescent is interacting, home, school, or community, conflict arises. The conflict is both internal with self and external in relationship, behavioral, and biological. This is generally when a child or adolescent is brought into therapy for intervention Caregivers are not always aware of the impact traumatic events have on a child’s life or may not want to deal with the impact and the long term implications. The therapeutic relationship is a context outside of the system where the child was traumatized that provide the potential environment and relationship which can facilitate healing for the child, adolescent, and possible, the system in which they live.
Children and adolescents with a complex PTSD will often employ the use of dissociation as a way to cope with overwhelming events or chronically dysfunctional lifestyles. The degree and way in which the child dissociates to self regulate internal systems will determine behavioural and neurological trajectories in their life such as, how the child will cope, rupture of developmental task attainment, and it will determine what type of attachment process the child experiences. Also determined are: impulse control, sleep regulation, meta cognitive functioning, neurobiological processes and the integrative processes of self. When there is no therapeutic intervention, the self which emerges as a result of these processes is a “traumatic self” organization, that is a self structural in response to traumatic experience determined to avoid the repetition of the traumatic experience “at all costs.” The biological body that emerges is the traumatized body organized for avoidance in the forms of fighting, fleeing, or freezing and submitting.
The assessment phase of therapy will map for the therapist and client where the internal dysregulation occur, what are the maladaptive response which have been developed, and what the negative beliefs are which all contribute to the construction of the “traumatic self." There are a variety of assessment tools specifically designed for this purpose.
Once the map is established, a plan can be developed to use with children and adolescents and family for therapy and for EMDR. There are a variety of models which have been developed to use with children and adolescents to process bad memories, negative cognitions and to strengthen internal resources. EMDR can also be used to facilitate state change, strengthen self regulatory capacities, and promote integrative processes of authentic self, facilitating healing throughout self, body, and relational systems.

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Dissociative Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Cummings, P. (2003, September). The attachment repair model (ARM). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Attachment Repair Model (ARM) is a loose and imaginal clinical structure to identify, activate, repair, and purge the negative experiences to one's neurological functioning. The importance of ego repair via integrative interventions takes priority over the purging of traumatic events. This presentation offers a paradigm shift in therapeutic goal setting from purging and desensitization of traumatic events to the integration of ego states. Within thc ARM, The Positive Parts and Hurting Parts (PP-HP) Meetings Protocol is an infrastructure of the ARM with sensory extension protocols to the basic EMDR Protocol. The established ethos within clinical practice to first purge negative emotion associated with trauma is upheld by the ARM, but as a second order priority. Participants will be challenged to think about their role as healers.

Keywords: ARM  Attachment Repair Model  Positive Parts and Hurting Parts (PP-HP) Meetings Protocol  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Cummings, P. (2004, September). The attachment repair model (ARM) – One year later. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Attachment Repair Model (ARM) is one comprehensive fix after all else fails within the basic EMDR Model. The importance of neurological functioning, at an ego state level, must be repaired before the processing of traumatic event work is sustainable. Within various descriptions of the ARM, the basic EMDR protocol is expanded into a secondary goal of sustained neurological integration at a traumatic event(s) level. Learning about the ARM will peek a therapist’s thinking about their larger role as an emotionally attuned healer versus the more established role of facilitator of trapped life experience(s).

Keywords: Attachment Repair Model  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Keller, B., Stevens, L. C., Boyce, K., Lui, C., & Murray, J. (2011). Bilateral eye movements and EEG coherence during positive memories: Implications for PTSD and EMDR. Presentation at the American Psychological Association Conference, Washington, DC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of bilateral eye movements in the processing of long-term emotional memories, especially as it pertains to the treatment method for PTSD known as EMDR. EMDR utilizes methods similar to cognitive therapy and exposure but also employs saccadic eye movements to facilitate the treatment. The saccadic eye movements are theorized by Shapiro and others to decrease emotional valence and vividness of episodic memories allowing for easier reprocessing. There remains some disagreement as to the actual role and importance of the saccadic eye movements as well as to the neurological effects of EMDR. This study used EEG power-spectral analysis and measures of interhemispheric coherence on 30 individuals who underwent one of three conditions while recalling positive episodic memories. The 3 conditions were (1) a solid black dot with no eye movement (control), (2) a low frequency color changing dot with no eye movement, and (3) a bilateral eye movement condition simulating EMDR. After a 5’ eyes-open baseline, participants experienced one of the three conditions while recalling a positive memory for five 1’ episodes. After each episode, each participant had 19-channel EEGs recorded while they stared ahead eyes opened. EEG data were noise artifacted, power spectral analyzed, and statistically analyzed for interhemispheric coherence differences between conditions for clusters of frontal pole (Fp), frontal (F), central (C), parietal (P), and occipital (O) electrodes. ANCOVA analysis of post-treatment coherence values, with baseline values as the covariate, across conditions showed significantly increased Low Beta (12-20Hz) activity in the Frontal region of the brain during the saccadic eye movements condition compared to the low frequency dot condition (p=.012). Also found were significantly increased Low Theta (4-6Hz) coherence values in the Parietal region of the brain in the low frequency dot condition compared to both the eye fixation (p=.017) and saccadic eye movement (p=.022) conditions. Self reports of memory clarity and vividness indicated significantly increased measures across all conditions. LORETA cortical localization analyses revealed Low Beta (12-20Hz) activation during the saccadic eye movements condition occurring primarily in Brodmanns Area 11 (BA11) and Brodmann Area 25 (BA25) and Low Theta (4-6Hz) activation during the low frequency dot condition focused in BA35 and BA36. LORETA neuroimages are presented. Cortical localizations of increased Low Beta interhemispheric coherence in BA11 (VentroMedial Frontal Cortex) and BA25 (Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex) following bilateral eye movements during the recall of positive memories suggest a synchronization of information processing activities in parts of the frontal cortex involved in planning, reasoning, and decision making (11) and in verbal episodic memory retrieval (25). These functions are consistent with the assigned tasks of review of positive episodic memories in this study. Coincident with this pattern of cortical activation was an obtained increase in memory clarity and vividness during episodic memory retrieval. It is possible that the obtained effects on beta activity were an artifact of eye movements; however, the lack of significantly increased signal coherence at the Fp region and the removal of eye movement artifacts prior to data analysis reduce this possibility. These results provide support for an Interhemispheric Coherence Model as an explanation for the positive effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing of retrieved memories. Additionally, these outcomes suggest that it is the saccadic eye movements, not a repetition of a rhythmic stimulus, that elicits the changes in interhemispheric coherence, and possibly in emotional valence and vividness, highlighting the importance of saccadic eye movements in EMDR.

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation  EEG Coherence  Eye Movements: Positive Memories  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: No

8. Amen, D. G. (2003, September). Brain SPECT imaging in PTSD and EMDR. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Brain SPECT provides a window into brain activity and helps us understand the underlying physiology of many neurological and psychiatric illnesses. Specific psychological and medical treatments enhance or change our brain function. In this lecture, Dr. Amen will describe his extensive clinical experience and research into postraumatic stress disorder and EMDR. He has been involved in performing before and after brain SPECT scans for PTSD patients for several years and recently completed a formal research project with Karen Lansing on PTSD and EMDR. The results of this study will also be discussed.

Keywords: SPECT  Brain  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. Gannon, J. P. (2011, April). A brain-based peak performance model using meditation, EMDR and cardio imagery and rehearsal. Peak Performance Systems, San Francisco.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
This pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a new model of peak performance training based on applications of brain research to stimulate mental skill acquisition leading to enhanced performance capabilities. Brain-based techniques such as Mindfulness Meditation (MM), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cardio Imagery and Rehearsal (CIR) appear to stimulate various neurological processes including alpha and theta brain waves, higher interhemispheric coherence and reduced sympathetic nervous system arousal. Clinical application of these techniques in a preliminary pilot study with a variety of performers was shown in follow-up self-assessments to have enhanced performance outcomes on seven measures including reduced performance anxiety and self-consciousness, enhanced concentration and focus, improved memorization of performance routines and enhanced overall performance goals. The idea that specific performance routines can be installed using these brain-based techniques that enhance peak performance functioning on demand was supported by these findings.. However, the results of this pilot study are preliminary and further studies using a larger subject sample, empirically validated test measurements and independent control groups are necessary before these findings can be corroborated.

Keywords: Brain-Based Peak Performance  Brainscripting  Cardio Imagery and Rehearsal  Flow  Interhemispheric Coherence  Mindfulness Meditation  Neurofeedback  Neuroplasticity  Performance Anxiety  Pilot Study  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. Cartwright, L. (2000, September-October). Case Studies: Expanding our tool kit:  A new technique that compliments TFT and EMDR. Family Therapy Networker, 24(5), 71-82.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In recent years, increasing numbers of therapists have discovered the effectiveness of neurologically based therapy techniques, such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Thought Field Therapy (TFT), not only for trauma, but for a wide range of problems, including anxiety, anger, grief and phobias. Like most therapeutic approaches, however, they provide remarkable results for one client and little or no results for another, no matter how skilled the therapist. Even more mysterious, they can significantly help a client with one problem, but not with a different problem. For instance, Sarah, age 40, had been suffering from depression for five years. The depression was triggered by the death of her father, loss of a good-paying job due to downsizing and her fiance's breaking off their engagement--all within a one-year period. After six months of increasing anxiety and worsening depression (accompanied by low energy, disinterest in life and withdrawal from social situations), Sarah entered therapy. Biweekly sessions for the next three years, which frequently included EMDR, significantly reduced her anxiety, but did not alleviate the depression. Nor did antidepressants. Years before, I had had a similar experience. EMDR had sharply reduced my obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but didn't help my depression. TFT eliminated recurring anger, but also didn't help my depression.

In the course of five years of research into neurologically based approaches, I happened upon a working hypothesis that explains such inconsistent results. The side-to-side eye movements of EMDR that activate the left and right hemispheres of the brain seem to help people resolve problems based on a lack of communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The tapping, or front/back stimulation of acupuncture points, in TFT is effective when there is a lack of communication between the front and back of the nervous system (controlled by the energy center, well known to acupuncturists and martial artists, that lies below the navel). And since we are three-dimensional creatures, I hypothesized that some problems stem from a lack of communication between the top and bottom of the nervous system as well, which I correlate with the brain and the enteric nervous system of the digestive tract (the source of gut feelings). Working from this hypothesis, I have also developed processes to reintegrate the top/bottom dimension.

I have found that although certain emotions tend to be based within a given neurological dimension (indecisiveness is often in left/right, anxiety in front/back and depression in top/bottom, for example), a client may experience any emotion as a block within any dimension or combination of dimensions. As a result, depending upon both the client and the specific problem being addressed, a therapist might need to use techniques that facilitate integration of the left/right, front/back and/or top/bottom dimensions of the nervous system. When a client is blocked within two or three dimensions of the nervous system, working within just one dimension will sometimes activate healing across the entire nervous system. If this does not happen, it is then necessary to work in the remaining dimensions.

From these hypotheses I developed a system called Shifting Consciousness through Dimensions (SCtD), which provides therapists ways to assess the dimension(s) the client is blocked in, processes to identify, if necessary, which dimension to start with and specific integrating techniques for each dimension.

Keywords: TFT  Thought Field Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There is increasing evidence to support the biological basis of mental disorders. Subsequently, understanding the neurobiological context from which mental distress arises can help counselors appropriately apply cognitive behavioral therapy and other well-researched cognitive interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the neurobiological context underlying the formation and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders, a mental disorder frequently encountered by counselors, from a cognitive therapy framework.
Recent changes to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) accreditation standards include the need for counselors-in-training to understand the neurobiological basis of behavior, which marks a new direction for the training of professional counselors who have historically reacted ambivalently toward medical models for understanding client concerns and treatments. Yet recent findings in neuroscience actually support the verbally based interventions that counselors typically use in treatment; therefore, there is much to be gained by counselors and counselor educators in understanding the basics of human neurobiology and how commonly used counseling interventions intervene on these biological systems. The National Institute of Mental Health (2010) stated in a recent strategic plan that “Important discoveries in areas such as genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science largely account for the substantial gains in knowledge that have helped us to understand the complexities of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders over the past 15 years” (“Introduction,” para. 4).
Given the increasingly biological focus of mental health research, the practicing counselor is faced with the task of understanding and using the emerging mental health treatments and explaining to clients, to reimbursing agencies, and to the broader public how counseling fits within the medically dominated mental health culture. Some counselors have long reacted ambivalently toward the pathologically oriented diagnostic categories of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system and the medication-dominated world of psychiatry. For example, the contrasting viewpoints on this issue were published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between Allen and Mary Ivey (1998, 1999) and Scott Hinkle (1999). Ivey and Ivey (1998) argued for a developmental interpretation to the DSM-IV, opposing what they called the “pathological view” (p. 334) of the manual. According to Ivey and Ivey, disorders could be viewed through a positive development tradition to lie not within the individual but within the contextual systems in which a person lives. Subsequently, disorders are viewed as a “logical response to a developmental history” (Ivey & Ivey, 1999, p. 484). By contrast, Hinkle (1999) argued that because anxiety and depressive disorders “are the most common clinical symptoms associated with presentation to counseling” (p. 475), the counseling profession is weakened if counselors shy away from direct participation in the DSM nomenclature and treatment parlance. As Hinkle indicated, “mental disorders according to the medical model describe disease processes, not people” (p. 475). Regardless of the reader's philosophical perspective, practicing counselors know participation in medical and psychiatric systems is necessary at times. Also, recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience are providing evidence that interventions often used by counselors have direct physiological impact on client neurobiology (Kennedy et al., 2007; Linden, 2006). For example, Felmingham et al. (2007) demonstrated significant differences in brain activity before and after 8 weeks of exposure therapy, which correlated with a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Similarly, Paquette et al. (2003) found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alters the activation and metabolism of specific brain regions following successful treatment of spider phobia. These findings, along with others (for a detailed review, see Beauregard, 2007; Frewen, Dozois, & Lanius, 2008), are significant because they support the techniques, interventions, and approaches used by counselors and provide a mechanism by which counseling positively affects brain physiology. Within the emerging physiologically based treatment milieu, counselors should be prepared to articulate how cognitive counseling interventions make measurable changes to the client. Although cognitive-behavioral-based approaches are effective in the treatment of a number of psychiatric illnesses, adult PTSD is arguably one of the best understood mental disorders from a neurological perspective. It thus presents a valuable model for exploring not only the basic tenets of neurobiology but also the mechanisms behind its successful treatment. Furthermore, PTSD is a disorder that counselors will likely encounter in practice.
PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization. Thus, it provides a clear example of how, even in adulthood, neurological adaptation (in this case maladaptive changes) can functionally “rewire” the brain in a short period of time, resulting in a sustained array of clinical symptoms. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD are a history of exposure to a traumatic event meeting two criteria and symptoms from each of three symptom clusters: intrusive recollections, avoidant/numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. A fifth criterion concerns duration of symptoms and a sixth assesses functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 (Kessler et al., 2005), determined that the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD among American adults is 6.8%, with women (9.7%) twice as likely as men (3.6%) to have the disorder at some point in their lives. These findings are very similar to those of the first National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the early 1990s (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), which was composed of interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans ages 15 to 54 years. In this earlier sample, the estimated prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 7.8% in the general population. As in the more recent survey, women (10.4%) were more than twice as likely as men (5%) to have PTSD at some point in their lives (Kessler et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 1995).

Keywords: CBT  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Neurobiological Basis of Behavior  Neurobiology  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. Leutner, S., & Cronauer, E. (2012, June). Complex trauma in mind and body [Trauma complejo en mente y cuerpo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
It will be shown how to get into touch and how to work with traumatic and somatic ego-states by simultaneously activating resourceful ego-states in mind and body. The work will be resource integrating from top to bottom. In the body it will be from bottom to top. Two different experiential protocols will be given and respective videos will be shown: the resource integrating protocol and the bottom-up protocol The neurological background of balancing work with traumatic memories and resources will be discussed. It lies in promoting effective and permanent links between the neuronal trauma network and one or more corresponding resource networks. The integration of resources can greatly accelerate processing. It is imperative, however, that the use of these resources is not random, rather orients itself to the specific needs of the client at that specific point in time with attention given to how much resource or trauma is activated. Participants will be informed about the impact of complex trauma in mind and body. They will learn how to apply EMDR combined with Claire Frederick's and Maggie Phillip's Conflict Free Image as well as Gendlin's Focusing and Levine's Somatic Experiencing. By those means complex traumatized clients are enabled to broaden their windows of tolerance. Participants will be able to supply their clients with a powerful tool for self healing.

Se mostrará cómo ponerse en contacto y trabajar con los estados del yo traumático y somático mediante la activación simultánea de estados del yo recursivo en la mente y el cuerpo. El trabajo será de integración de recursos desde arriba hacia abajo. En el caso del cuerpo, será desde abajo hacia arriba. Se darán dos protocolos experienciales distintos y se presentarán vídeos pertinentes de los protocolos respectivos: el protocolo de la integración de recursos y el protocolo desde abajo hacia arriba. Se hablará de los antecedentes neurológicos del trabajo de equilibrio con recuerdos traumáticos y recursos. Estriba en favorecer vínculos efectivos y permanentes entre la red neuronal del trauma y una o más de las redes de recursos correspondientes. La integración de recursos puede acelerar en gran medida el procesamiento. Sin embargo, es imperativo que el empleo de estos recursos no sea aleatorio, si no que se oriente hacia las necesidades específicas del cliente en ese momento concreto con atención prestada a la cantidad de recursos o el trauma activado. Se les informará a los participantes sobre el impacto que tiene el trauma complejo en la mente y en el cuerpo. Aprenderán a aplicar EMDR en combinación con la “imagen libre de conflicto de Claire Frederick y Maggie Phillip”, así como con al “Focusing de Gendlin” y la “Experimentación somática de Levine”. Con estos medios los clientes con trauma complejo son capaces de ampliar sus ventanas de tolerancia. Los participantes podrán ofrecer a sus clientes con una herramienta potente para la auto-curación.

Keywords: Body  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. Lister, D. (2003, March). Correcting the cognitive map with EMDR:  A possible neurobiological mechanism. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The experience of life is commonly likened to a journey through a landscape. This cannot be an accident; it must be based on neurobiological activity in the brain. If one is fortunate the journey is made through a pleasant landscape, with occasional mild adventures to vary the monotony. Travelling is an ancient evolutionary feature of all animals, and all animal brains have developed fairly uniform methods of recording the body's motion through the environment, in different degrees of complexity (O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978; Stickgold, 2002). Occasionally, a traumatic disaster upsets an otherwise placid journey.

Keywords: Neurological  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. Worthington, R. (2012, April). Dealing with trauma as an intervention for aggression: A review of approaches and the value of reprocessing. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 4(2), 108-118. doi:10.1108/17596591211208319.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of trauma with specific consideration to the neurological impact this has on information processing and potential links with aggression. Design/methodology/approach - This paper provides a summary of the literature in relation to theories of aggression and trauma. The paper considers how the two may interact and overlap and considers a theoretical rationale for why addressing trauma through a treatment such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) may assist to reduce aggression. Findings - The paper argues that the experience of trauma may contribute to inputs which may take a person closer towards engaging in aggression. This is consistent with information processing models and unified models of aggression such as the General Aggression Model. Factors that were specifically identified included physiological hyper-arousal, hostile attributions of stimulus, and neurological impairments. In addition, the paper also argued that there is evidence that as a result of trauma, a person's ability to provide cognitive accounts for the function of their behaviour may also be impaired because of the reduced interactivity between the two prefrontal hemispheres. Research limitations/implications - The paper argues that as a result, interventions designed to reduce aggression may benefit from including additional elements which directly assist clients to process emotional information and that a reprocessing treatment such as EMDR could assist to reduce levels of emotional arousal and improve treatment effectiveness. Differences in the way in which EMDR is carried out and the variances in treatment protocols used should be attended to increase the reliability of future research. Originality/value - Current modes of aggression therapy have focused on exposure based and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). However, there is evidence that EMDR has benefits over exposure and CBT approaches because of the way in which cognitive verbal accounts of the trauma are not required and because EMDR does not require the individual to have insight into their trauma experience and the link with aggression.

Keywords: Aggression  Trauma  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. Softic, R, & Becirovic, E, (2009, Septembra). Desenzitizacija pokretima ociju i reprocesiranje (EMDR): Kada su rijeci nemocne [Desensitization of eye movements and reprocessing (EMDR): When words are disabled]. Prvi Psihoterapijski Simpozijum Bosne I Hercegovine Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Language: Serbian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Neki ljudi doţive traumatska stanja koja ne mogu u potpunosti opisati rijeĉima. Mnogi od njih nikada ni ne progovore o tome što su doţivjeli. Ali patnja se u njima nastavlja i organizam, a ĉesto i okolina plaćaju ogromnu cijenu. U takvim sluĉajevima psihoterapija koja koristi rijeĉi je nemoćna. Istraţivanja upućuju da jedna, relativno nova psihoterapijska metoda desenzitizacija pokretima oĉiju i reprocesiranje (EMDR), moţe pomoći i takvim osobama. Kada neko iskusi ozbiljnu psihološku traumu, ĉini se da dolazi do narušavanja ravnoteţe u nervnom sistemu. Ta ravnoteţa je, moguće, narušena i posredstvom razliĉitih medijatora poput adrenalina, serotonina, dopamina, kortizola itd. Zbog takve neravnoteţe onemogućeno je optimalno funkcioniranje sistema za procesiranje informacija, a informacije vezane uz traumatiĉan dogaĊaj poput slika, zvukova, afekata i fiziĉkih senzacija se zadrţavaju u disfunkcionalnom, uznemirujućem obliku. Danas izranja shvatanje da postoji неуролошки balans u razliĉitim fiziološkim sistemima što omogućuje da informacije budu procesirane na adaptivan naĉin. EMDR kod nekih traumatiziranih djeluje ĉak i kada osoba ne moţe govoriti o tome što je preţivjela. Ono što je bitno jeste da se fokusira na traumatski dogaĊaj i da suraĊuje sa terapeutom u procesu stimulisanja dualne paţnje što omogućava adaptivno procesiranje informacija. Adaptivno procesiranje znaĉi uspostavljanje adekvatnih asocijacija i pojavu da iskustvo biva konstruktivno ugraĊeno u pozitivne kognitivne i emocionalne sheme pojedinca. Odnosno, oslobaĊa od simptoma i omogućava da se nova iskustva doţive bez blokirajućeg uticaja traume.

Some people doţive traumatic conditions that can not fully describe in words. Many of them never to speak of it as doţivjeli. But the suffering in them continues and the body, and environment, and often pay a huge price. In such cases psychotherapy that uses words of the powerless. Research suggests that a relatively new psychotherapeutic methods desensitization and reprocessing eye movement (EMDR), and can help such people. When someone has experienced serious psychological trauma, it seems that there is a violation of equilibrium in the nervous system. This equilibrium is possible, and disrupted through a variety of mediators such as adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, cortisol, etc.. Because of such imbalance prevented the optimal functioning of the system for information processing and information related to traumatic an event such as images, sounds, physical sensations and affects it retains in the dysfunctional, disturbing form. It emerges that there is understanding of neurological balance in different physiological systems, which allows information to be processed on adaptive manner. EMDR works by some traumatized even when the person can not talk about what is preţivjela. What is important is to focus on the traumatic events and to co-operate with the therapist in the process of stimulating the attention of the dual provides adaptive information processing. Adaptive processing means getting the right associations and the emergence of the experience of being a built-in positive constructive cognitive and emotional schemas of the individual. That is, oslobaĊa of symptoms and allows for new experiences doţive without blocking effects of trauma.

Keywords: Doţ  ivjeli  Preţ  ivjela  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. Popky, A. J. (2005). DeTUR, an urge reduction protocol for addictions and dysfunctional behaviors. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 167-188). New York: W W Norton & Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing (DeTUR) model and the theories involved are based on experience from personal client observation and anecdotal reports received from other therapists using this same protocol. It is an eclectic model and combines many methodologies, including but not limited to cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused, Ericksonian hypnosis, narrative, object relations, and emotional freedom techniques (EFT), to name a few. The bilateral stimulation (BLS) in the accelerated information processing model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) seems to form the catalyst for rapid processing and change, the turbocharger that speeds the healing process.This protocol represents only a small part of a complete treatment model. The therapist's role is that of a case manager, orchestrating any resources necessary to aid the patient through recovery and relapse to a successful and healthy state of functioning and coping. The therapist has to assess the severity of the addiction and also determine any other diagnosis associated with the case. This overall treatment model includes outside help, such as referrals for medication, testing for physical or neurological problems, and, depending on the situation, inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, or detox. Other outside resources include support systems, such as 12-step groups, educational programs, skills training; couples, group, or family therapy; or acupuncture. Comorbidity issues, day-to-day stressors, and survival issues are addressed. An extremely high percentage of these populations are dually diagnosed and can therefore run the full dimensional spectrum of disorders and behaviors as described in the DSM-IV. [Text, pp. 167-168] [Pilots]

Keywords: Addiction  Addictions  Behavior Problems  Behavior Therapy  Bilateral Stimulation  Compulsions  Craving  Desensitization of Triggers  Dysfunctional Behaviors  Information Processing Model  Psychotherapeutic Techniques  Urge Reduction Protocol  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. Erdmann, C. (2005). Die beeinflussung chronischer schmerzen durch psychologische, schmerztherapisverfahren und EMDR [The influence of psychological chronic pain, chronic pain procedures and EMDR]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Das in den 80er Jahren von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro veröffentlichte Verfahren EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) beinhaltet als zentrale Komponente, dass die Aufmerksamkeit des Patienten sich auf eine traumatische Erinnerung und die damit verbundenen Gedanken und Gefühle richtet, während gleichzeitig rhythmische Augenbewegungen induziert werden. (Shapiro 1998) EMDR eignet sich signifikant gut zur Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Störungssyndrom, meistens bestehend aus vegetativer Übererregtheit, Erstarrung, Schlaflosigkeit, Angst und Depression, das häufig auftritt nach sehr belastenden Ereignissen oder starken Bedrohungen, wie z.B. schweren Unfällen, Naturkatastrophen, Folter, sexuellem Missbrauch, Vergewaltigungen, usw. Das Störungsbild der PTBS zeigt große Ähnlichkeiten mit dem Chronischen Schmerzsyndrom. Chronischer Schmerz kann als eigenständiges Trauma gelten mit dem eigenen Körper als Opfer und Täter. Oft finden sich auch Traumata im Vorfeld oder begleitend. Chronischer Schmerz ist signifikant assoziiert mit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung, mit Angsterkrankungen, Depressionen und weiteren psychischen Störungen. EMDR wird inzwischen auch mit guten Erfolgen eingesetzt bei anderen Erkrankungen, z.B. Suchterkrankungen, Depressionen, Angst- und Zwangsstörungen. Überzeugende Erfolge stellen sich ein bei der Behandlung auch sehr kleiner Kinder mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Erkrankungen. (Tinker, Wilson 1999) Bislang gibt es aber noch relativ wenig Forschungen über die Wirksamkeit von EMDR bei Akutschmerz, bei Chronischem Schmerz und im Bereich der Psychosomatik. Es ist allerdings bekannt, dass EMDR sich bei Akutschmerz eignet zum Abbau der den Schmerz häufig begleitenden Angst und darüber hinaus bei Chronischem Schmerz zur Erhöhung der Schmerztoleranz, zu mehr Entspannung, zu positiven kognitiven Strategien, zu Desensibilisierung und zur Ablenkung. (Groth, Rogers 1994). EMDR führt zu nachweislichen neurologischen Veränderungen und damit einhergehenden vom Patienten berichteten positiven Veränderungen im Beschwerdebild. (van der Kolk 2000) EMDR lässt sich nach ersten Untersuchungen ebenfalls erfolgreich einsetzen zur Behandlung von Phantomschmerzen. (Wilson nach Tinker, Wilson 2000).

That in the 80s by the American psychologist Francine Shapiro published procedures EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) includes as a central component that the patient's attention on a traumatic memory and associated thoughts and feelings directed, while rhythmic eye movements be induced. (Shapiro 1998) EMDR is significantly well to the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is a disorder syndrome, consisting mostly of vegetative over-arousal, numbness, insomnia, anxiety and depression that occurs very often after stressful events or severe threats, such as serious accidents, natural disasters, torture, sexual abuse, rape, etc. The disorder of PTSD shows great similarities with the chronic pain syndrome. Chronic pain can be considered as a separate trauma of his own body as victims and perpetrators. Often also found in the run or incidental trauma. Chronic pain is significantly associated with post traumatic stress disorder, with anxiety disorders, depression and other mental disorders. EMDR is now used with good results in other diseases, such as Addiction, depression, anxiety and compulsive disorders. Convincing results are adapting to treat even very young children with different mental disorders. (Tinker, Wilson 1999) So far there is relatively little research on the effectiveness of EMDR in acute pain, Chronic pain and in the field of psychosomatic medicine. However, it is known that EMDR is suitable for acute pain to reduce the pain often associated with anxiety and also to increase the pain Chronic pain tolerance, more relaxation, positive cognitive strategies to desensitization and distraction. (Groth, Rogers 1994). EMDR leads to demonstrable neurological changes resulting from the patient and reported positive changes in symptoms. (Van der Kolk 2000), after initial investigations EMDR can also be used successfully to treat phantom pain. (Wilson to Tinker, Wilson 2000).

Keywords: Chronic Pain  Chronic Pain Protocol  Protocol  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. Daroff, L. H. (1996). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories: A replication study. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. AAT 9632020.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this replication study was either to support or refute the original Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing research conducted by Shapiro. The present study was amended with two additional indices to assess anxiety and social functioning.14 subjects suffering long standing (one or more years) traumatic memory symptomatology, concerning rape, physical abuse, incest, and childhood sexual molestation, were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions. Traumatic memories were pivotal to presenting symptoms, which included panic attacks, self-blaming/guilt, intrusive thoughts, anxiety, nightmares, insomnia and avoidant thinking/behavior. All subjects were diagnosed with PTSD, by an independent licensed clinical psychologist. There were 13 females and 1 male. The male subject was in the Control Group. Age range was from 25 to 49 years with a Mean age of 38.64 years. Range for age of traumatic event was five to 19 years of age, with a Mean age of 10.14 years. Range for duration of the subjects' symptoms since traumatic event was 18 to 44 years with a Mean age of 28.5 years. Dependent variables were (1) anxiety level, (2) validity of a positive self-statement/assessment of the traumatic incident, (3) primary presenting symptom and (4) social adjustment. Measures utilized were the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS), the Validity of Cognition (VoC) self evaluation, primary presenting symptom self report, the Impact of Event Scale (IES), and the Social Adjustment-Self Report (SAS-SR). Initial measures demonstrated that all subjects were essentially the same prior to any treatment. Measures were obtained at the initial session and at 1- and 3-month follow-up sessions. Where applicable the analyses conducted paralleled those used in the original research. The results of the study indicated that a single session of EMDR successfully desensitized the subjects' traumatic memory, significantly mediated their cognitive assessment of the situation, as well as their social adjustment. Treatment effects were maintained over the period of the study for all subjects. These findings support the original conclusions in Shapiro's seminal study of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing procedure. The exact neurological mechanisms involved in the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing procedure remain unknown. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Anxiety  Child Abuse  Empirical Study  Experimental Replication  Incest  Memory  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Rape  Self-Evaluation  Social Adjustment  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. Tripolt, R. (2012, June). EMDR in Motion. Using movement and body oriented therapeutic interweaves for complex trauma and dissociative symptoms [EMDR en movimiento. Usar el movimiento y la terapia orientada al cuerpo para traumas complejos y síntomas disociativos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
"The Body Keeps the Score" (B. v.d. Kolk, 1996) Clients who suffer from traumatic stress are often afraid about disturbing and painful somatic symptoms. Structural dissociation alienates from body reactions. Nevertheless it is the body that "holds" the discomfort and painful memory of neglect and violence. Trauma Survivors tend to perceive their body as hostile. They suffer from Alexithymia deficiency of interpreting the meaning of body reactions and muscle activation. Trauma Survivors are easily irritated and tend to react with rage on very slight provocations and freeze when they are frustrated. Even minor problems cause fear and helplessness. The Polyvagal Theory (S. Porges 2010) proves the neurological aspect of behavioral patterns. Neurozeption describes how we perceive others in a neurological way. Certain behavioral patterns are established through life experiences. This research underlines Francine Shapiros AIP model and confirms the importance of a body orientated approach. We know that experiencing the effect of eye movement -­‐ and other bilateral stimulation, is a gentle and powerful way to bring the voice of the body into the therapeutic space. EMDR helps to integrate cognitive, emotional and body sensations. Using movement and body orientated skills in difficult processes f.e. with severely and/or early traumatised clients, even enhances the effect of EMDR. Content of the Workshop: Short theoretical implications: Polyvagal Theory and AIP Model. Stabilisation and Movement -­‐ creating a „Moving Container“: How to create a safe place of relationship and attachment between the client and the therapist by using movement and bodywork? The body is the most powerful resource: How to use movement to access this power. How to recognize and dissolve dissociation by body and movement awareness. EMDR Process and Movement : How to widen the „window of tolerance“ by using movement and deeper levels of body consciousness. Adding a fourth level of attention to the EMDR process: cognition -­‐ emotion -­‐ body scan -­‐ movement. Movement and reflex feedback as interweave technique in difficult processes. Methods used in the Workshop: Lecture and Video Presentation. Practical demonstration of some movement orientated techniques. Discussion.

“El cuerpo lleva la cuenta” (B. v.d. Kolk, 1996), los clientes que sufren de estrés traumático tienen a menudo miedo sobre sus síntomas somáticos preocupantes y dolorosos. La disociación estructural aliena las reacciones del cuerpo, sin embargo es el cuerpo el que “mantiene” el disconfort y el recuerdo doloroso de negligencia y violencia. Los supervivientes a un trauma suelen tender a percibir su propio cuerpo como hostil. Sufren de Alexitimia, deficiencias para interpretar las señales corporales y la activación muscular. Son fácilmente irritables y tienden a reaccionar con ira, con leves provocaciones y se “congelan” cuando están frustrados. Incluso problemas de fuerza menor causan miedo y desesperanza. La teoría polivagal (S. Porges 2010) prueba el aspecto neurológico de los patrones de comportamiento. La neurocepción describe cómo percibimos a los otros desde un punto de vista neurológico. Ciertos patrones de comportamiento están establecidos a través de las experiencias vitales. Esta investigación se basa en el modelo SPIA de Francine Shapiro y confirma la importancia del enfoque orientado al cuerpo. Sabemos que al experimentar el efecto de la estimulación ocular, y otras estimulaciones bilaterales, es un camino poderoso y suave para traer la voz del cuerpo dentro del espacio terapéutico. EMDR facilita la integración cognitiva emocional y corporal. Usar el movimiento y las habilidades orientadas al cuerpo en los procesos difíciles con clientes traumatizados, severamente o tempranamente, incluso amplifica el efecto terapéutico del EMDR Contenido del taller: Implicaciones teóricas: Teoría Polivagal y modelo SPIA Estabilización y movimiento – Crear un “recipiente de movimiento” Cómo crear un lugar seguro en relación al apego entre el cliente y el terapeuta usando movimiento y trabajo corporal. El cuerpo es el recurso más poderoso: Cómo usar el movimiento para acceder a este poder. Cómo reconocer y disolver la disociación en el cuerpo y la atención al movimiento. Procesamiento EMDR y movimiento: Cómo ampliar la "ventana de tolerancia" mediante el uso de movimientos y niveles más profundos de la conciencia del cuerpo. Añadir un 4 nivel de atención al procesamiento de EMDR: Cognición-­‐Emoción-­‐ Escáner corporal-­‐movimiento.

Keywords: Body Oriented Therapeutic Interweaves  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. Roques, J. (2008, Mai). EMDR - Une révolution et un changement de paradigme thérapeutiques [EMDR – A therapeutic revolution and paradigm shift]. Présentation à la Conférence EMDR Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
La présentation comporte trois volets. Le premier volet présente le fondement neurologique de l’EMDR qui est centré sur les réseaux neuronaux de la mémoire - ce qui permet une compréhension nouvelle des phénomènes dissociatifs et qui fait ressortir le potentiel du traitement en EMDR. Le deuxième volet aborde les applications de ce cadre théorique à l’ensemble des manifestations pathologiques : traumatismes simples et complexes, intoxications psychiques, épisodes psychotiques brefs et même certains cas de début de schizophrénie. Le troisième volet démontre à quel point l’EMDR bouleverse notre compréhension de la pathologie et de son traitement et de ce fait, constitue un véritable changement de paradigme thérapeutique. Cette compréhension nouvelle des phénomènes neuropsychologiques sous-jacents, telle que soulevée par l’EMDR, permet de distinguer ce qui est utile de ce qui ne l’est pas dans la plupart des psychothérapies.

This opening workshop will focus on three axes : 1) The neurological basis of EMDR that focuses on the memory’s neural networks – which in turn allow a fresh understanding of dissociative phenomena and shows the potential of EMDR treatment. 2) The application of this theoretical understanding to the various expressions of psychopathology: simple versus complex PTSD – psychic poisoning – brief psychotic episodes- even certain cases of early schizophrenia. 3) As a conclusion, how EMDR shook up our understanding of pathology and its treatment, and how it provided the impetus toward a genuine paradigm shift. This new understanding of the underlying psychoneurologic phenomena brought on by EMDR helps us to determine what may be useful or not in the various psychotherapies.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Dissociation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. Grey, E. (2009, April). EMDR and the brain: Importance of body sensation. Presentation at the Western Massachusetts EMDRIA Conference "EMDR and the Body," Amherst, MA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This Workshop will provide an explanation of the neuro-physiological underpinnings of the AIP model, and how memory networks are stored in the body. Educating practitioners about the neurological journey of information and the links to body sensations increases their ability to describe EDMR and how it works. A complex case of childhood ritual abuse will be presented for illustration. Participants will practice applying this understanding to cases.

Keywords: Body Sensation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. Wizansky, B. (2011). EMDR and the challenge of treating childhood trauma: A theoretical and clinical discussion with case examples. In V. Ardino (Ed.), Post-traumatic syndromes in childhood and adolescence: A handbook of research and practice (pp. 297-321). Wiley-Blackwell.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Treating childhood trauma with EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) requires the practitioner to be aware of the challenge inherent in adapting a focused therapeutic model created for adults to young developing clients. Problems involved in exposing young children to disturbing, often terrifying memories loom large. How do we cope with parents' fear of damaging their son or daughter? How do we answer our own internal resistance to leading a young client into a difficult session and the dangers of retraumatizing a child? These are problems which demand solutions. Recent neurological research has defined the necessity of including the processing of traumatic material into the treatment plan as directly as possible. No part of the brain can change if it is not activated. The chapter aims to detail how EMDR meets this challenge.

Keywords: Childhood Trauma  Children  Focused Therapeutic Model  

Accuracy Verified: No

23. Hase, M. (2011, June). EMDR and trauma: Somatic disease and medical treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Severe somatic disorders and the subsequent medical treatment often signify serious threat and feelings of being helplessly exposed to them. This gets obvious as one regards the phenomenon of intraoperative awareness. About 8000 - 16000 of these incidents per year are to be expected for the Federal German Republic according to recent investigations. But even less dramatic incidents within the natural course of the disease or incidents evoked by the therapeutic approach may leave their marks. However, posttraumatic stress disorder is not always easy to be diagnosed and treated. A remarkable amount of patients in psychosomatic rehabilitation is afflicted with mental consequences of somatic disorders such as cerebral infarction, coronary heart disease or, respectively, the necessary somatic treatment of these disorders. The prevalence of PTSD and the effects on the course of the disease as well as on everyday functioning are not to be underestimated here. This workshop is supposed to demonstrate the specifics of the EMDR-treatment for this population of interest. Treatment of patients with underlying cardiological and neurological diseases is further illustrated by video documentation. Considerations about the selection of target memory lead to a treatment algorithm. The contact with body memory is going to be explored by the use of case studies.

Keywords: Medical  Somatic  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. McDonald, H. (2010, March). EMDR chronic pain protocol. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Persistent pain is common in people who have experienced trauma; and persistent pain also leads to trauma responses. This workshop will focus on using the Pain Protocol (Grant and Threlfo, 2002), using a practical approach to clinical work with clients. The pain protocol is based on the Adaptive Information Processing model, (Shapiro 1995), and takes into account the overlap between the experience of pain and traumatic experiences. It is expected that participants not necessarily have experience of working specifically on pain using EMDR with clients. An increasing body of evidence suggests that using the EMDR Pain Protocol can be effective in three main ways: • Reducing the experience of pain; • Targeting pain memories and • Overcoming the impact of pain on the individual. The application of the protocol assumes that it is possible to influence neurological pathways involved in maintaining persistent pain messages. The workshop will include a brief overview of research evidence and current clinical experience, and will primarily focus on practical applications. This will include working with imagery in specific ways relevant to working with people in pain; and discussion of case examples. At the end of the workshop, it is hoped that participants have increased confidence in working with people who have pain; having practiced elements of the protocol and discussed their implications for clinical practice.

Keywords: Chronic Pain  Protocol  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. McMahon, E. (2002). EMDR in the treatment of attachment and bonding difficulties. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 31-36). London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
A case of a young mother with an insecure attachment history herself who suffered severe post-natal depression after the birth of her first child and who regretted having this baby. Although recovering well from depression when first seen, having benefited from drug therapy and group therapy, there ware nevertheless little progress regarding her bonding with the child. Assessment indicated the emergence of an insecure/ambivalent attachment on the part of the baby resulting in excessive clinginess, sleeping, feeding and management difficulties. Apart from EMDR a number of other models of therapy were used in this case, including mother-infant psychotherapy, solution-focused and narrative therapy. In my own estimation, and in feedback from Susan, EMDR was the most powerful of all interventions. I think this care then represents a very good example of how EMDR is integrated with other therapeutic approaches. In terms of our understanding of this process, one conceptual model (Shapiro, 1995) is that the positive perspective and more adaptive interpretation that traditional therapy provides – including insight and a coherent narrative – is held in a separate neurological network and therefore cannot influence the network containing the dysfunction ally stored material associated with the traumatic memory. Traditional therapy is often unable to help the client link one to the other, and this is where EMDR is so impressively effective.

Keywords: Attachment  Bonding  Children  Occasional Paper  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. Grant, M. (1999, June). EMDR in the treatment of pain. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(2), 8-9, 15, 26-27.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Since it inception as a treatment for trauma there have been various reports including conference presentations and case-studies of EMDR being effective in the treatment of various kinds of pain (Grant, 1999; Hekmat, Groth & Roger, 1994; McCann, 1992; Wilson, Becker Tinker, 1997). EMDR presents itself as worthy of consideration in the treatment of pain because of the similarities between pain and trauma. Firstly, pain is a kind of trauma since it represents an unpleasant, unavoidable and fearful event for most sufferers. Secondly, building on the research of can der Kolk, recent findings regarding the neurological underpinnings of pain suggest that many of the same parts of the brain that are involved in trauma are also involved in pain (e.g., Lenz, Gracely, Zirh, Romaniski, Staat, & Dougherty, 1997).

Keywords: Pain  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. MacDonald, H. (2010, March). EMDR pain control. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Persistent pain is common in people who have experienced trauma; and persistent pain also leads to trauma responses. This workshop will focus on using the Pain Protocol (Grant and Threlfo, 2002), using a practical approach to clinical work with clients. The pain protocol is based on the Adaptive Information Processing model, (Shapiro 1995), and takes into account the overlap between the experience of pain and traumatic experiences. It is expected that participants not necessarily have experience of working specifically on pain using EMDR with clients. An increasing body of evidence suggests that using the EMDR Pain Protocol can be effective in three main ways: • Reducing the experience of pain; • Targeting pain memories; and • Overcoming the impact of pain on the individual. The application of the protocol assumes that it is possible to influence neurological pathways involved in maintaining persistent pain messages. The workshop will include a brief overview of research evidence and current clinical experience, and will primarily focus on practical applications. This will include working with imagery in specific ways relevant to working with people in pain; and discussion of case examples. At the end of the workshop, it is hoped that participants have increased confidence in working with people who have pain; having practiced elements of the protocol and discussed their implications for clinical practice.

Keywords: Pain Control  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. Roques, J. (2004). EMDR: Une révolution thérapeutique [EMDR: A revolutionary therapy]. Paris: Desclee de Brouwer.

Language: French

Format: Book

Abstract:
Voici une découverte thérapeutique qui bouleverse notre compréhension du fonctionnement psychique. Conçu en 1987 aux USA par Francine Shapiro pour guérir les traumatismes psychiques, l'EMDR permet de soigner aussi bien d'autres problématiques névrotiques (phobies, angoisses, états dépressifs, etc.). Cette méthode a été importée en France en 1994. Son efficacité a pu être vérifiée aussitôt en cabinet et en milieu hospitalier. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing ou EMDR peut se traduire par Désensibilisation et retraitement (de l'information) par les mouvements oculaires. Si le mouvement de l'œil revêt effectivement une grande importance dans la gestion neurologique de la mémoire, il n'en est pas l'unique ressort comme on pourrait le croire. D'autres modes complémentaires de stimulation sensorielle alternée du cerveau, mis en œuvre par un thérapeute expérimenté, peuvent activer pareillement le travail de cicatrisation psychique et de guérison. Ce livre a pour vocation d'éclairer et d'informer, mais aussi d'enseigner. Il est accessible à toute personne désireuse de comprendre la pathologie et son traitement. A vocation didactique, il s'adresse également aux professionnels du soin en raison de sa dimension théorique approfondie et de ses développements cliniques.

Here is a drug discovery that overturns our understanding of psychic functioning. Designed in 1987 by Francine Shapiro in the U.S. to heal the psychological trauma, EMDR can cure anything other neurotic problems (phobias, anxiety, depression, etc..). This method has been imported into France in 1994. Its effectiveness has been verified once in office and hospital. Eye Movement Reprocessing, or EMDR Desensitizer and may result in desensitization and reprocessing (of information) by eye movements. If the eye movement is actually of great importance in the management of neurological memory, it is not the only emerging as one might think. Other complementary modes of alternating sensory stimulation of the brain, implemented by an experienced therapist, may similarly activate the work of healing and psychic healing. This book aims to enlighten and inform, but also to teach. It is available to anyone wishing to understand the pathology and treatment. A didactic, it also addresses care professionals because of its theoretical dimension and depth of its clinical development.

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. Kennedy, J. (2013, April 24). Exploring alternate ways to deal with trauma. Truro Daily News, Colchester County, Nova Scotia.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
I recently received EMDR training to add to my skill set of interventions to offer clients. What is EMDR, you might ask? It is the acronym for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. This treatment was developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro to help those with trauma related disorders such as, PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder), whose natural ability to process traumatic experiences was compromised. The hypothesis is that EMDR bilateral stimulation (eye movements, audio beeps, tactile pulses) replicates REM sleep, which is presumed to assist the brain in processing the information it received during the day. The idea being that the eye movements, or other forms of bilateral stimulation, add to the therapy’s effectiveness by evoking neurological and physiological changes to aid in the reprocessing of the traumatic memories. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing  AIP  General  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: No

30. Coleman, G. L. (1999, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An investigational study of the eye movement component using a within-subject design. Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. AAT 9926476.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed psychotherapy treatment procedure which combines imaginal exposure with eye movements and is reported to dramatically reduce negative symptoms associated with trauma related psychological disturbances and memories. The author reviewed and analyzed the current literature regarding EMDR, and conducted a within-subject design investigating the importance of the eye movement component in the EMDR treatment protocol by comparing the efficacy of an eye movement treatment condition, with two non-eye movement treatment conditions. The use of two different control conditions allowed comparisons of the eye movement condition (EMDR), which involved bilateral stimulation of the brain, with exposure to memory of the trauma without eye movements (Eye-Focus Desensitization), which served as a placebo, and exposure to memory of the trauma with a competing motor activity (Single Hand Tapping), which represented unilateral stimulation of the brain. This study also employed a delayed treatment condition to investigate the overall effectiveness of EMDR in treating PTSD. The subject was a 53-year-old Caucasian female who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Dependent variables included a diagnostic instrument, which was the Structured Interview for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (SI-PTSD); global instruments, which included the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Impact of Events Scale (IES), and Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUDs); process measures, which included the Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUDs) and Validity of Cognition (VOC) scale; and a self-report measure of overall improvement, which was the Image Desensitization Rating Scale (IDRS).Results demonstrated support for the superiority of an eye movement condition over that of both a no-eye movement condition (EFD), and a competing motor activity of single hand tapping (SHT) on process variables (SUDs and VOC), but not on weekly global measures (IES, BAI, and SUDs) in the single subject studied. Also, this study found support for the effectiveness of EMDR (delayed treatment phase) in reducing symptoms of anxiety, intrusiveness and avoidance, and subjective distress related to memory of trauma as measured by BAI, IES, and SUDs, and also in alleviating DSM-IV symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder for this subject. Experimental single-subject studies, as well as group designs, need to investigate possible neurological and theoretical explanations for the effectiveness of EMDR in future research. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(4-B), Oct 1999, pp. 1846.

Keywords: Avoidance  Case Report  Empirical Study  Females  Intrusive Thoughts  Middle Aged  PTSD  Treatment Effectiveness  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Kreck, C. (1996, September 4). The eyes heal it: Therapy eases painful memories. Denver, CO:  The Denver Post, Rockies, Living, G-01.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
But a neurological process called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing as a possible cure for the disorder has piqued interest, and the WHO will send Denver psychiatrist Bert Furmansky across the world to see if the process can help some of the shell-shocked casualties of Afghanistan's civil war. Discovered and developed by California psychologist Francine Shapiro over the last 10 years, EMDR requires no drugs, may take only three sessions with a trained therapist and isn't language-based.

Keywords: Abused Children  Denver  Raped Women  Regugees  War Veterans  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. Langwig, K. E. (2008, December). A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy on post-traumatic stress disorder car accident patients: A pilot study. Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a novel therapy that has been effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few studies have explored the neurological underpinnings of EMDR effectiveness. Utilizing a symptom provocation study design, this study assessed non-PTSD car accident patients. These pilot participants were scanned for comparison to PTSD patients and to explore the task design effectiveness for the future study of PTSD patients. One pilot participant exhibited activation in the left precuneus, and left medial temporal gyrus, and also in the left medial frontal gyrus. In PTSD patients the medial prefrontal cortex is often hypoactive, and inversely correlated with a hyperactive amygdala. The robust activation of medial frontal gyrus in the pilot subject with a corresponding inactivation of the amygdala indicates the participant's normal processing of the car accident trauma tic memories, and that task design and study parameters are being effectively implemented.

Keywords: Automobile Accidents  Car Accidents  fMRI  Pilot Study  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Leeds, A. & Bergmann, U. (1998, July). How does EMDR work?  An exploration of possible neurobiological mechanisms. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) gain an understanding as to the formation and consolidation of emotions and memory; 2) understand the pathways of trauma in the brain and their respective psychological symptoms; 3) become more knowledgeable about the neurological research which appears to support the hypotheses of the accelerated information processing system; and 4) gain an understanding of various possible mechanisms of EMDR's treatment effects.

Keywords: Emotion  Hypotheses of Accelerated Information Processing  Memory  Neurobiology  Neurological Research  Treatment Effects  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. Catherall, D. R. (2003, June). How fear differs from anxiety. Traumatology, 9(2), 76-92. doi:10.1177/153476560300900202.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Animal models conceptualize anxiety as a response to potential danger while fear is a response to present danger. The way humans experience anxiety involves our capacity for higher thinking while the human experience of fear appears to be much the same as the animal model. This article examines these differences at both a phenomenological and neurological level and highlights implications for the treatment of conditioned fear in PTSD. The stimuli for human fear are sensory-perceptual, while the stimuli for most forms of anxiety are conceptual-linguistic. Individuals in a state of fear/terror undergo a radical shift from top-down to bottom-up processing in which access to conceptual-linguistic thought processes is severely restricted and the frontal regions of the cortex are no longer able to override impulses from brain stem and midbrain regions. Conditioned fear involves actual neurological changes in the limbic system. To overcome a traumatic memory, the individual must (1) gain some level of access to the bottom-up state in order to habituate or extinguish the conditioned fear response, and (2) also achieve access to the top-down state in order to process the fear. ]Sage Journals]

Keywords: Anxiety  Fear  Cognitive Neuroscience  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

35. Frustaci, A., Pozzi, G., Aurigemma, C., La Rosa, C., Lanza, G., Fernandez, I., & Ruggeri, G. (2006, Febbraio). Indicatori di cambiamento in pazienti con disturbi da eventi stressanti: Impiego della heart rate variability [Indicators of change in patients with disorders of stressful events: Use of heart rate variability]. Poster presentato al XI Congresso SOPSI (Società Italiana di Psicopatologia), Roma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introduzione: i pazienti traumatizzati presentano alterazioni sintomatiche quali intrusività, evitamento ed aumentato arousal, che ostacolerebbe la possibilità di elaborazione/integrazione delle tracce mnesiche, oltre ad esprimersi a livello periferico. Tecniche specifiche di trattamento sembrano promuovere l’elaborazione/integrazione delle memorie traumatiche, tra cui la Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Nella ricerca valutativa è quindi necessario affiancare alle scale psicologiche un appropriato indicatore biologico di attivazione neurovegetativa. La variabilità della frequenza cardiaca (Heart Rate Variability – HRV) esprime l’integrità funzionale del sistema neurovegetativo in risposta allo stress e può essere misurata nei domini di tempo o di frequenza. Lo studio della HRV è stato applicato in psichiatria ai disturbi d’ansia (panico, DOC, PTSD) e dell’umore (depressione unipolare) in ricerche trasversali (confronto con controlli sani) e longitudinali di trattamento farmacologico (triciclici, SSRIs) ma in pochi casi a trattamenti psicoterapici. Gli AA. valutano l’impiego della HRV come indicatore biologico nel trattamento psicoterapeutico di pazienti con Disturbo dell’adattamento erdurante da oltre un mese dopo l’esposizione ad eventi vitali stressanti (EVS). Metodi: sono stati reclutati 6 soggetti (M/F = 1/5, età 40,5 ± 11,0) esposti ad EVS ed avviati a ciclo di trattamento psicoterapico breve (4-6 sedute a cadenza settimanale) di tipo specifico (EMDR) o generico (colloqui supportivi). Costituivano criteri di esclusione: età < 18 o > 65 anni; comorbilità psichiatrica, neurologica e cardiologica; uso di farmaci interferenti. Le valutazioni psicopatologiche sono state eseguite al reclutamento (TBASE: colloquio anamnestico, MINI, Brief COPE), a inizio e fine ciclo di trattamento (TINI, TFINE: IES, SCL-90-R), a uno e tre mesi di follow-up (T30, T90: IES, SCL-90-R, Brief COPE). Le registrazioni Holter sono state effettuate ad ogni intervallo valutativo coprendo: 60 min. attività libera, 10 min. tilt-test, 3-5 min. ascolto dell’evento traumatico, 30-45 min. seduta psicoterapica. Sono stati impiegati test statistici non parametrici per l’analisi delle correlazioni (Spearman) e delle differenze (Wilcoxon). Risultati preliminari: vengono valutate le correlazioni a TINI e le variazioni T90 vs. TINI. Sono significative le seguenti correlazioni: ansia fobica SCL e SDNN (dev. standard intervalli R-R) [r = + 0,9; p = ,037]; collera-ostilità SCL e SDNN [r = -0,95; p =.014]; depressione SCL e r-MSSD (radice media somma quadrati diff. R-R) [r = + 0,9; p = ,037]; sint. intrusivi IES e LF (basse frequenze) [r = -0,9; p = ,037]. Sono risultate statisticamente significative le seguenti variazioni: IES totale [Z = -1,99; p = ,046], sintomi intrusivi IES [Z = -2,21; p = ,027], sintomi di evitamento IES [Z = -1,99; p = ,046], ideazione paranoide SCL [Z = -2,21; p = ,027]; R-R, LF e LF/HF (rapporto basse/alte frequenze) durante ascolto evento [Z = -2,02; p = ,043]. Discussione: a livello basale gli indicatori HRV di distress vegetativo correlano positivamente con collera-ostilità e sintomi intrusivi, negativamente con ansia e depressione. Anche dopo tre mesi dalla fine del trattamento gli interventi psicoterapeutici tendono a ridurre i punteggi sintomatici, e migliorano il bilancio simpato-vagale durante il riascolto dell’evento traumatico.

Introduction: trauma patients have symptomatic changes such as intrusiveness, avoidance and increased arousal, which hampers the development / integration of memory traces, as well as speak at the peripheral level. Specific techniques of treatment seem to promote the formulation and integration of traumatic memories, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In evaluation research is therefore necessary to combine psychological scales appropriate indicator organic autonomic activation. The heart rate variability (Heart Rate Variability - HRV) expresses functional integrity of the autonomic nervous system in response stress and can be measured in time or frequency domains. The study of HRV has been applied in psychiatric disorders anxiety (panic, DOC, PTSD) and mood (unipolar depression) in cross-disciplinary (compared with healthy controls) and longitudinal drug treatment (tricyclic SSRIs), but in a few cases in psychotherapeutic treatment. The AA. evaluate the use of HRV as a biological indicator in the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients with adjustment disorder erdurante more than a month after exposure to stressful life events (EVS). Methods: 6 subjects were recruited (M / F = 1 / 5, age 40.5 ± 11.0) exposed to EVS and initiated treatment cycle psychotherapeutic short (4-6 sessions weekly) type specific (EMDR) or generic (hearing supported). Exclusion criteria were: age <18 or> 65 years, psychiatric comorbidity, neurological and cardiological, use of drugs interfering. Psychopathological assessments were performed at recruitment (TBASE: anamnestic interview, MINI, Brief COPE) at the beginning and end of treatment cycle (TINI, TFINE: IES, SCL-90-R) in a three-month follow-up (T30, T90: IES, SCL-90-R, Brief COPE). Holter recordings were made at each interval evaluation covering: 60 min. free activity, 10 min. tilt-test, 3-5 min. listening to the traumatic event, 30-45 minutes. psychotherapy session. Were used nonparametric statistical tests for analysis correlations (Spearman) and differences (Wilcoxon). Preliminary results: the correlations are evaluated and changes TINI vs. T90. TINI. Significant correlations are the following: SCL phobic anxiety and SDNN (standard dev. RR intervals) [r = + 0.9, p =, 037]; anger-hostility SCL SDNN [r = -0.95, p =. 014]; SCL depression r-mssd (root mean square sum diff. RR) [r = + 0.9, p =, 037]; sint. IES intrusive and LF (low frequency) [r = -0.9, P =, 037]. Were statistically significant, the following changes: IES total [Z = -1.99, p =, 046], IES intrusive symptoms [Z = -2.21, p =, 027], symptoms of avoidance IES [Z = -1.99, p =, 046] , SCL paranoid [Z = -2.21, p =, 027], RR, LF and LF / HF ratio (low / high frequencies) while listening event [Z = -2.02, p =, 043]. Discussion: At baseline HRV indicators of distress correlated positively with growing anger-hostility, and intrusive symptoms, negatively with anxiety and depression. Even after three months of the end of psychotherapeutic treatment interventions aimed at reducing symptom scores and enhance sympathetic vagal balance during the playback of the traumatic event.

Keywords: Heart Rate Variability  Poster  Stress Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. Cohn, L., & Chapman, L. (2002, June). Innovations in child trauma treatment:  Combining EMDR and drawings. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will feature a treatment intervention for traumatized children who have experienced incident based trauma. The intervention is being utilized in a controlled study funded by the Centers for Disease Control lnjury Prevention Grant at University of California San Francisco and Children's Hospital Oakland. Through lecture, slide and case format, this presentation will describe a protocol combining EMDR and drawing for the remediation of PSTD symptoms in children. The presenters will discuss how developmental, psychological and neurological functioning affect the storage and retrieval of traumatic memories and sensations. They will demonstrate how and why the combination of EMDR with drawings is effective as a method of trauma resolution therapy for children.

Keywords: Art Therapy  Children  Disease Control Injury Prevention Grant  Treatment Intervention  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. Alexander, J. (April, 2013). Inside EMDR: A neurological perspective. The Neuropsychotherapist eMagazine. Retrieved from http://drjamespsychologist-com.webs.com/neurological-basis-of-emdr 4/8/2013.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
While there is still some scepticism raised about the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR) within psychology (e.g Lilienfield & Arkowitz 2008), it is clear that this therapeutic approach has more than adequately fulfilled the requirements of an evidence based therapy. Most psychological and psychiatric associations around the world endorse EMDR as an evidence based approach to the treatment of psychological trauma and PTSD. This status was recently acknowledged by the World Health Organisation, which recommended this therapy as a first line treatment option for psychological trauma based on the evidence which has amassed testifying to its efficacy. Despite the advances in neuroscience which fMRI research has afforded in the last decade or so, little remains known of the neurological mechanisms of change associated with any psychotherapeutic approach. EMDR is no different, in that the precise mechanisms of change can only be speculated upon. Harvard neuroscientist Robert Stickgold (2002) provides a comprehensive example of these speculations. (He suggests that EMDR achieves its results by way of replicating the naturally occurring dream-based consolidation process via the eye movements which are common to both REM sleep and EMDR). However, little comment is currently available about EMDR in relation to recent findings concerning memory reconsolidation.

Keywords: Neuropsychotherapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. National Council on Disability (2009, March). Invisible wounds: Serving service members and veterans with PTSD and TBI. Author.

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
More than 1.6 million American service members have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). As of December 2008, more than 4,000 troops have been killed and over 30,000 have returned from a combat zone with visible wounds and a range of permanent disabilities. In addition, an estimated 25-40 percent have less visible wounds--psychological and neurological injuries associated with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or traumatic brain injury (TBI), which have been dubbed "signature injuries" of the Iraq War. National Council on Disability (NCD) concurs with the recommendations of previous Commissions, Task Forces and national organizations that: (1) A comprehensive continuum of care for mental disorders, including PTSD, and for TBI should be readily accessible by all service members and veterans. This requires adequate staffing and adequate funding of Veterans Administration (VA) and Department of Defense (DoD) health systems; (2) Mechanisms for screening service members for PTSD and TBI should be continuously improved to include baseline testing for all Service Members pre-deployment and follow up testing for individuals that are placed in situations where head trauma may occur; and (3) The current array of mental health and substance abuse services covered by TRICARE should be expanded and brought in line with other similar health plans. As this report indicates, the medical and scientific knowledge needed to comprehensively address PTSD and TBI is incomplete. However, many evidence-based practices do exist. Unfortunately, service members and veterans face a number of barriers in accessing these practices including stigma; inadequate information; insufficient services to support families; limited access to available services, and a shortage of services in some areas. Many studies and commissions have presented detailed recommendations to address these needs. There is an urgent need to implement these recommendations. (Contains 4 exhibits.)

Keywords: Afghanistan  Iraq  Military  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  TBI  Traumatic Brain Injury  Veterans  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. Walraven, L. (2012). Mag het (ietsje meer zijn)...? Over de aanvaardbaarheid van EMDR voor christenen [Can the (slightly more) ...? About the appropriateness of EMDR for Christians]. Psyche & Geloof, 23(1), 8-21.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Alvorens vast te stellen of EMDR ‘mag’, wordt eerst een schets gegeven van de opvattingen over hoe EMDR werkt. Het werkgeheugenmodel blijkt veelbelovender te ogen dan de diverse neurologische modellen. Vervolgens komt aan de orde of en hoe aanvaardbaar EMDR is. Hierbij wordt onder andere gefocust op een onderbelicht aspect van de therapie: het (mogelijk) suggestieve karakter ervan. Ook wordt kritisch gekeken naar het type mensbeeld waar vanuit deze therapie voortkwam dan wel waaraan hij bijdraagt. Ten slotte wordt er aan de hand van twee casussen voor gepleit om de geloofsbeleving van cliënten bij de EMDR-procedure een serieuze plaats te geven om bij te kunnen dragen aan het herstel of de groei van de cliënt. Hierbij is het gewenst dat de therapeut ‘ietsje meer’ doet dan het strikte officiële EMDR-protocol toe lijkt te laten.

Before determining whether EMDR 'can', first a sketch of the ideas about how EMDR works. The working memory model seems more promising than the eyes to various neurological models. Next comes the issue of whether and how EMDR is acceptable. Here, the term other focused on a neglected aspect of therapy: the (possible) suggestive character thereof. It is also critically examined the type of man that came from this therapy or which he contributes. Finally, they do on the basis of two cases calling for the beliefs of clients in the EMDR procedure to give a serious place to be contribute to the recovery or the growth of the client. It is desirable that the therapist 'something more' than does the strict official EMDR protocol seems to be.

Keywords: Effectiveness  Ethics  Humanity  Suggestion  Faith  Treatment Protocol  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Strain, C. (1998, August 30). Mind games - Boulder’s Casa Futura earns patient for device that tricks the brain to prevent stuttering. Boulder, CO: Daily Camera, First, Business, 1B.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Stuttering was for years thought to be a psychological problem, but it is, in fact, a neurological problem, Kehoe said. The new neurology approach is eye movement desensitization and preprocessing, EMDR, working through the eyes rather than drugs. Casa Futura products use the same premise, only they work through the ears.

Keywords: Boulder  General  Overview  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Cartoni, A., Gaudin, M., Astori, M. G., Mannatrizio, A., & Brunati, E. (2012, June). Mistakes to not repeat: When the child´s body talks of the mother´s traumatic past (case) [Errores a no repetir: Cuando el cuerpo del niño habla del pasado traumático de la madre (caso)]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Following Siegel’s model (2005), the authors present a single case that undergone a therapeutic intervention with EMDR aimed to reprocess infantile traumatic memories reactivated in the parenting. A 4 year old child came to our Child Neuropsychiatric Unit because she presented a toe walking in absence of neurological signs. She undergone periodic physiatrist visits for one year without any symptoms regression. She was then seen from a Child Neuropsychiatrist and a Psychomotor Therapist who evaluated the importance of observations by a psychologist. Method: The psychologist observed a general anxiety state in the child characterized by perfectionism, inhibition and hypervigilance to the environment demand. The mother's life story was that of a child with an alcoholic father who she wished to save with her love and who died for cirrhosis. It was clear how the parenting experience reactivated infantile traumatic memories. It was proposed a treatment with EMDR. The child treatment was addressed to install resources and to reprocess stressing interactions with the mother. The mother treatment was aimed to reprocess infantile traumatic experience and to look at the present triggers in the interaction with the daughter who reactivated traumatic memories and cause emotion dysregulation. Results: The treatment brought to a resolution of the child symptoms and a reorganization of the interaction between the child and the mother. Conclusions: This single case report highlights the importance to understand well the psychological origin of somatic symptoms and gives an evidence of the efficacy of the treatment with EMDR following Siegel’s model.

Antecedente Teórico: La desensibilización y reprocesamiento por el movimiento ocular (EMDR) es una reconocida primera línea para el tratamiento del trauma psicológico. Sin embargo sus bases neurobiológicas no han sido descifradas todavía. Método: La electroencefalografía ha sido usada por primera vez para monitorizar completamente la activación neuronal durante sesiones enteras de EMDR incluyendo el guión autobiográfico. 10 Clientes con traumas psicológicos mayores fueron investigados durante la primera sesión de EMDR y durante la última después del procesamiento del trauma raíz. Las comparaciones entre los EEG de la última y primera sesión y las de EEG de los clientes en la primera sesión y 10 controles realizando el mismo procedimiento de EMDR fueron realizadas. Resultados: Durante ambos procesos, la escucha y la estimulación bilateral, el EEG mostró una actividad significativamente mayor en el córtex límbico prefontral (Brodmann Areas, BA 9-­‐10) al principio comparadas con la última sesión de EMDR. La comparación opuesta muestra un cambio en la actividad fundamental entre las regiones corticales temporal, parietal y occipital (BAs 20, 21, 22, 37, 17, 18, 19) con lateralizaciones hacia la izquierda. La comparación entre los 10 clientes y los controles confirman la activación máxima de la corteza límbica en los clientes antes de procesar el trauma. Conclusiones: La metodología usada hizo posible visualizar la neuroimagen por primera vez de las activaciones cerebrales asociadas con las acciones terapéuticas que acontecen en el EMDR. Los hallazgos sugieren que el procesamiento cognitivo de los eventos traumáticos seguidos de una terapia EMDR exitosa apoyan la evidencia de un patrón neurobiológico diferenciado en las activaciones del cerebro durante la estimulación ocular bilateral asociados con una acumulación un experiencias emocionales negativas.

Keywords: Body  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. Bergmann, U. (2012). Neurobiological foundations for EMDR practice. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This volume introduces the most current research about the neural underpinnings of consciousness and EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) in regard to attachment traumatic stress and dissociation. It is the first book to comprehensively integrate new findings in information processing, consciousness, traumatic disorders of information processing, chronic trauma and autoimmune compromises, and EMDR's underlying mechanisms of action. The text examines online/wakeful information processing, including sensation, perception, somatosensory integration, cognition, memory, language and motricity, and off-line/sleep information processing, such as slow wave sleep and cognitive memorial processing, as well as REM/dream sleep and its function in emotional memory processing. The volume also addresses disorders of consciousness, including coma, anesthesia, and other neurological disorders, particularly disorders of Type 1 PTSD, complex PTSD/dissociative disorders, and personality disorders. It delves into chronic trauma and autoimmune function, especially in regard to diseases of unknown origin, and examines them from the perspective of autoimmune compromises resulting from the unusual neuroendocrine profile of PTSD sufferers. The final section integrates all material to illustrate the ability of EMDR's bilateral neural stimulation to impact, mediate, and change the functioning of neural circuitry, thereby facilitating repair in the linking and binding of neural networks.

Keywords: Neurobiology  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. Paterson, M. (2011, March). The neurobiology of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Association of UK & Ireland, Bristol.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The study of traumatology is increasingly more reliant on an understanding of the neurological and biological mechanisms involved. It is a complex area for many people working with trauma who have not had a background in human biology. So often presentations on neurobiology and trauma are complex and focus on a specific topic thus never giving the overall picture. This presentation will take delegates through the field of trauma, initially giving a good understanding of how we acquire traumatic memories. It will go on to explain what the body does to compensate for hyperarousal, and will outline the impact on brain development of early life trauma and neglect. The paper will conclude with a description of the neurobiology of dissociation. There will be an opportunity for questions and discussion.

Keywords: Neurobiology  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Hall, J. J. (2000). Neurological hypotheses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Poster presented at the School of Social Work, Buffalo, New York.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Neurological Hypothesis  Poster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. Grant, M. (2001). Pain Control with EMDR: An Information Processing Approach. (2nd ed) Waterloo, ON: TherapistsResources.com.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract: Pain Control with EMDR is an 'information-processing' based approach to the psychological management of pain, using Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR). The title of this manual 'Pain Control with EMDR' is meant to suggest that pain can be overcome. But the approach described herein differs significantly from mainstream approaches to pain management. I want to suggest that pain is most effectively controlled when the patient is supported in having their experience, and then learning to master it.
Information processing approaches are based on a model of learning that incorporates emotion, cognition, and neurological processes. Some psychotherapies seek to help the patient cope with their pain, but information processing approaches (e.g., EMDR, EEG biofeedback) seek to change the way the patient experiences their pain, by changing the way it is stored in the nervous system. Information processing approaches to seek to do this by appealing as directly as possible to the nervous system.
This manual is divided into two parts, between theory and practice. Part one is a review of historical ideas and treatments for pain, in order to gain an appreciation of how history still shapes how we approach this problem. In part two the practicalities of treating chronic pain using EMDR are described.

Keywords: Chronic Pain  Pain Control  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Grant, M. (2002). Pain control with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An information reprocessing approach. Waterloo, ON: Therapists Resources.com.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Pain Control with EMDR is an 'information-processing' based approach to the psychological management of pain, using Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR). The title of this manual 'Pain Control with EMDR' is meant to suggest that pain can be overcome. But the approach described herein differs significantly from mainstream approaches to pain management. I want to suggest that pain is most effectively controlled when the patient is supported in having their experience, and then learning to master it. Information processing approaches are based on a model of learning that incorporates emotion, cognition, and neurological processes. Some psychotherapies seek to help the patient cope with their pain, but information processing approaches (e.g., EMDR, EEG biofeedback) seek to change the way the patient experiences their pain, by changing the way it is stored in the nervous system. Information processing approaches to seek to do this by appealing as directly as possible to the nervous system. This manual is divided into two parts, between theory and practice. Part one is a review of historical ideas and treatments for pain, in order to gain an appreciation of how history still shapes how we approach this problem. In part two the practicalities of treating chronic pain using EMDR are described. (Revision)

Keywords: Chronic Pain  Pain Control  Pain  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. Blore, D. (2012, June). Plasticity of meaning: A proposed AIP theory of extension to explain the totality of psychological change in EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This poster acts as additional material to the presentation at this conference on the same topic. The proposal for an extension to Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) (Shapiro 1995, 2001) is derived from the author’s doctoral thesis (Blore 2012a) – a phenomenological study of positive psychological changes experienced by survivors of road traffi c accidents in the post Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment context. It is argued that AIP does not fully account for the totality of psychological change following EMDR, partly due to lack of knowledge and partly because of the emphasis on explaining the reduction of negative psychological change (rNPC). The main presentation expands on this reasoning, whilst this poster focuses on the proposed theory extension a: ‘Plasticity of Meaning’ (PoM). To illustrate this theory extension, three examples of fi gurative language use (FLU) obtained during interviews with participants are subjected to microtextual analyses (see Smith 2004, p51). It is argued that FLU is a phenomenological (i.e. observable) event that suggests a ‘trading of words’ in turn suggesting neurological networks connecting – a central tenet of AIP. The phrase ‘PoM’ has been coined because of hypothesised similarities to Frey & Morris’ (1997) synaptic plasticity and Cahill & McGaugh’s (1998) reconsolidation of memory theory.

Keywords: Neurobiology  Poster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Lansing, K. (2003, May). Portraits in healing: A clinical study on outcomes of EMDR in the treatment for PTSD. In Advances in EMDR research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to observe the changes that occurred with five clients diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder through an entire course of treatment that included the use of EMDR. Special interest was given to two points of reference (1) measurements of neurological changes (observed before, during and after EMDR through brain imaging) and, (2) the clients own self report of their symptomology before the utilization of EMDR and then at the end of the segment of their treatment which incorporated EMDR.

Keywords: Police Officers  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Lamprecht, F. (2006). Praxisbuch EMDR: Modifizierungen für spezielle anwendungsgebiete [Practice book EMDR: Modifications for special applications]. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Kurzbeschreibung Weiterentwicklung der erfolgreichen EMDR-Methode Mit EMDR steht nicht nur eine wirksame Vorgehensweise bei der Traumaverarbeitung zur Verfügung. Der Band zeigt, wie auch traumabedingte Ängste, Schmerzen, Depressionen, Suchtverhalten und dissoziative Störungen mit diesem effektiven Ansatz behandelt werden können. Klappentext EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) ist als Behandlungsform für traumatisierte Menschen in ihrer Wirkweise von der neurologischen Forschung umfassend bestätigt: Traumatisierungen verursachen häufig eine dysfunktionale Informationsverarbeitung im Gehirn, die zu quälenden Wiederholungen des traumatischen Ablaufs ohne Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten führt. Dieser Kreislauf kann mit der »Augenbewegungstechnik«, die immer in eine sorgfältige psychotherapeutische Behandlung einzubinden ist, unterbrochen werden.

Summary of development of the successful EMDR with EMDR method is not only an effective approach in the trauma processing. The book shows how even traumatic anxiety, pain, depression, addictions and dissociative disorders with effective this approach can be treated. Blurb EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is evidenced by fully as treatment for traumatized people in their mode of action of the neurological research: trauma often cause a dysfunctional information processing in the brain that leads to agonizing repetition of the traumatic process without processing facilities. This cycle can "with the" eye movement technique, which is always involved in a careful psychotherapeutic treatment to be interrupted.

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. Montefiore, D., Mallet, L., Lévy, R., Allilaire, J-F., Pélissolo, A. (2007, Juin). Pseudo-démence conversive et état de stress post-traumatique [Pseudo-dementia conversion and post-traumatic stress disorder]. L'Encéphale, 33(3), 352-355. doi:10.1016/S0013-7006(07)92050-3.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Les états de stress post-traumatique (ESPT) sont souvent associés à d’autres troubles psychiatriques, mais la comorbidité avec les troubles somatoformes est peu étudiée. Le cas décrit dans cet article concerne un patient souffrant d’un ESPT déclenché par une agression sexuelle vécue à l’âge de 8 ans. Le déroulement de son histoire est néanmoins très particulier puisque l’agression a eu lieu plus de trente ans avant l’apparition des troubles. Pendant la plus grande partie de sa vie, entre 13 et 43 ans, le patient avait complètement occulté l’événement traumatique. Puis, pour des raisons inconnues, il développa un syndrome conversif pseudo-neurologique mimant un état démentiel inquiétant, qui persista plus d’un an. La disparition des symptômes neurologiques et la remémoration du traumatisme furent brutales, après que le patient ait vu, au cinéma, un film relatant l’histoire d’un homme victime d’une agression sexuelle. Apparurent alors les symptômes typiques d’un ESPT, puis d’un état dépressif sévère compliqué d’une tentative de suicide par pendaison. Les liens entre ESPT et conversion devraient faire l’objet d’études plus approfondies, d’un point de vueépidémiologique, clinique et de neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle.

The posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are often associated with other psychiatric disorders, but comorbidity with somatoform disorders is poorly studied. The case described in this article concerns a patient suffering from PTSD triggered by a sexual assault experienced at the age of 8 years. The course of its history is still very special because the assault occurred more than thirty years before the onset of disorders. During most of his life, between 13 and 43 years, the patient had completely obscured the traumatic event. Then, for reasons unknown, he developed a neurological syndrome conversive pseudo-dementia mimicking a state concern, which lasted over a year. The disappearance of neurological symptoms and recall of trauma were brutal, after the patient has seen the film, a film which tells the story of a male victim of sexual assault. Appeared while the typical symptoms of PTSD, then a severe depression complicated by attempted suicide by hanging. The relationship between PTSD and conversion should be further studied, a point vueépidémiologique, clinical and neuro-functional anatomy.

Keywords: Amnesia  Conversion  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Sexual Abuse  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. Giannantonio, M. (2002, Settembre). Psicoterapia ipnotica e eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Sinergie e integrazioni nella psicoterapia dei disturbi post-traumatici e dell'attaccamento (EMDR) [Hypnotic psychotherapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Synergies and integration in psychotherapy with post-traumatic stress and attachment]. IX Congresso della Società Europea di Ipnosi: L'ipnosi e gli altri modelli terapeutici nel nuovo millennio, Roma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
L’incremento costante di interesse nei confronti dei disturbi post-traumatici sta portando non soltanto ad un costante e rapido approfondimento delle conoscenze in questo campo, ma anche ad una continua riscoperta della psicoterapia ipnotica e ad un suo raffinamento come approccio psicoterapico. La psicoterapia ipnotica, infatti, non solo è la più antica delle psicoterapie, ma anche la prima ad essere stata in grado di trattare con successo gli esiti di esperienze traumatiche o altamente stressanti e ad attribuire ad esse una adeguata rilevanza in seno ad una comprensione trasversale della psicopatologia tutta. Nonostante l’evidente esistenza di frequenti esperienze traumatiche nel corso della vita delle persone, con ogni probabilità, però, solo le conseguenze sociali drammatiche di continui coinvolgimenti bellici (insieme alla rivoluzione della cultura femminista) hanno portato definitivamente al centro dell’attenzione la presenza di esperienze reali come implicate nello sviluppo di stati di sofferenza (Hacking, 1995). La rinascita del cosiddetto “modello traumatico” di Pierre Janet ha portato ad una iniziale riscoperta dei traumi secondo una concezione di essi come di esperienze discrete, circoscrivibili, rilevanti essenzialmente per la loro grandezza oggettiva; una tale visione, infatti, viene ufficializzata dalla pubblicazione della terza edizione del manuale Diagnostico e Statistico dei Disturbi Mentali (DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980) e progressivamente diventa la concezione dominante in tema di Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress (PTSD). Il progresso delle conoscenze, però, sta portando sempre più in luce che nella comprensione dei disturbi post-traumatici sono necessari modelli molto più complessi e non lineari (Pennati, 1995, 2001; Pennati, Grecchi, 2001), valutativi di un insieme di condizioni cliniche molto più vasto ed articolato di quello previsto dal DSM-IV (Wilson, Friedman, Lindy, 2001), pienamente immersi nei molteplici e affatto secondari fattori di rischio: psicologici, genetici, neurologici, biochimici, interpersonali, sociologici (per una rassegna: Yehuda, 1999). Oltre a ciò, anche nei confronti del più studiato e prototipico dei disturbi post2 traumatici, ovvero il Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress, vengono sempre più decisamente sollevate obiezioni concettuali che renderebbero quantomeno parzialmente discutibili le ricerche sull’efficacia delle psicoterapie nel loro trattamento. Infatti, sebbene la quasi totalità della ricerca si concentri sulla valutazione testistica dei sintomi di intrusione, evitamento ed iperattivazione, nondimeno sembra opportuno pensare che il PTSD sia costituito anche da alterazioni del sistema motivazionale dell’attaccamento, delle strategie interpersonali e della strutturazione del Sé (Wilson, Friedman, Lindy, 2001) (Tabella 1).

The steady increase of interest in the post-traumatic stress is leading not only to a constant and rapid advancement of knowledge in this field, but also to a continuous rediscovery of hypnotic psychotherapy and its refinement as a psychotherapeutic approach. The hypnotic psychotherapy, in fact, not only is the oldest of psychotherapy, but also the first to be able to successfully treat the sequelae of traumatic or highly stressful experiences and to give them a proper understanding of relevance within a transverse all of psychopathology. Despite the apparent existence of frequent traumatic experiences in people's lives, in all likelihood, however, only the social consequences of dramatic escalation continues (along with the feminist revolution of culture) have finally brought to light the presence of real experiences as involved in the development of states of suffering (Hacking, 1995). The rebirth of the "trauma model" by Pierre Janet has led to a rediscovery of the initial trauma according to a conception of them as experiences of discrete constrained, mainly relevant for their size objective, such a vision, in fact, be formalized by publication of third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III, American Psychiatric Association, 1980) and gradually became the dominant view in terms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The advancement of knowledge, however, is bringing more and more light in the understanding of post-traumatic stress models are needed much more complex and nonlinear (Penn, 1995, 2001; Pennati, Grecchi, 2001), evaluation of a set of conditions Clinical much more vast and that provided by the DSM-IV (Wilson, Friedman, Lindy, 2001), not fully immersed in multiple and secondary risk factors: psychological, genetic, neurological, biochemical, interpersonal, sociological (for a review: Yehuda, 1999). Moreover, even against the most studied and prototypical post2 traumatic disorder, or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, are decidedly more conceptual objections that would make at least partially questionable research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy in their treatment. Although almost all of dissertation research focuses on evaluation of symptoms of intrusion, avoidance and hyperactivity, however, it seems appropriate to suggest that PTSD is also consist of changes in the motivational system of attachment, interpersonal strategies and structuring of the self ( Wilson, Friedman, Lindy, 2001) (Table 1).

Keywords: Attachment  Posttraumatic Stress  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. van der Kolk, B. A. (1996, June). Psychological and neurological dimensions of the compulsion to forget and repeat trauma. Presentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. Dworkin, M., & Errebo, N. (2010). Rupture and repair in the EMDR client/clinician relationship: Now moments and moments of meeting. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(3), 113-123. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.3.113.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article proposes that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) would be strengthened by being conceptualized as a two-person therapy; that is, a therapy that employs dialogue between clinician and client about the resonance, attunement, and intention of their relationship. Current research on the mirror neuron system provides a hypothetical neurological underpinning to this proposal. Detailed clinical examples illustrate rupture (Now Moments) and subsequent repair (Moments of Meeting) of the therapeutic relationship in the Eight Phases of EMDR. The high potential for relationship rupture during EMDR therapy is discussed. Suggestions are made for improving EMDR practice, training, and consultation by attending to the intersubjective experience between client and clinician, especially when working with clients who have experienced repeated and pervasive disappointments in love and work.

Keywords: Integrative Therapy  Now Moments  Moments of Meeting  Therapeutic Relationship  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. Dworkin, M., & Errebo, N. (2011). Rupture et réparation dans la relation patient/thérapeute EMDR: Moments urgents et moments de rencontre [Rupture and repair in the EMDR client/clinician relationship: Now moments and moments of meeting]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), E74-E85. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.E74.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cet article avance l’idée qu’il serait avantageux de conceptualiser l’EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) comme une thérapie à deux personnes, c’est-à-dire une thérapie qui emploie le dialogue entre le thérapeute et le patient autour de la résonance, de l’accordage mutuel et de l’objectif de leur relation. Les recherches en cours sur le système des neurones-miroirs fournissent une possible base neurologique à cette proposition. Des exemples cliniques détaillés illustrent la rupture (moments urgents) et la réparation subséquente (moments de rencontre) de la relation thérapeutique au cours des huit phases EMDR. Nous exposons le risque élevé de rupture de la relation au cours de la thérapie EMDR. Nous faisons des propositions pour améliorer la pratique, la formation et les consultations d’EMDR en prêtant attention à l’expérience intersubjective entre le patient et le thérapeute, en particulier dans le travail avec des patients qui ont vécu des déceptions répétées et généralisées dans leurs relations amoureuses ou professionnelles.

This article proposes that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) would be strengthened by being conceptualized as a two-person therapy; that is, a therapy that employs dialogue between clinician and client about the resonance, attunement, and intention of their relationship. Current research on the mirror neuron system provides a hypothetical neurological underpinning to this proposal. Detailed clinical examples illustrate rupture (Now Moments) and subsequent repair (Moments of Meeting) of the therapeutic relationship in the Eight Phases of EMDR. The high potential for relationship rupture during EMDR therapy is discussed. Suggestions are made for improving EMDR practice, training, and consultation by attending to the intersubjective experience between client and clinician, especially when working with clients who have experienced repeated and pervasive disappointments in love and work.

Keywords: Integrative Therapy  Now Moments  Moments of Meeting  Therapeutic Relationship  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. Grant, M. (2000). Speculations on how EMDR might work to alleviate pain. Autism Today. Retrieved from http://www.autismtoday.com/articles/Finger-flash-therapy-catches-on.htm on 1/8/2013.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Some of the key players of the central nervous system in pain are the thalamus, the amygdala, the anterior cingulate cortex and the frontal cortex. The Central Nervous System is also not 'hard-wired' but kept in a stable state by elaborate control mechanisms. If these control mechanisms become unstable, as a result of say prolonged stress, neurological changes can occur, producing symptoms such as those found in trauma and chronic pain.

Keywords: Chronic Pain  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Leutner, S., & Cronauer, E. (2010, June). Stabilizing while processing - Integration of resources into the EMDR protocol (RIT). Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In EMDR, as in Pyschotrauma Therapy in general, it is important neither to ask too much of the client, which leads to re-traumatization and a breakthrough of necessary dissociative barriers, nor to ask too little of the client, which in turn could increase avoidance.
Specialists should be able to tailor their interventions well, in accordance with the needs of the clients. Resource activation and trauma processing should be in an appropriate balance, keeping in mind that the most important thing is to let the client be in charge and "keep out of the way" of his or her process as much as possible.
The neurological background of balancing work with traumatic memories and resources lies in promoting effective and permanent links between the neuronal trauma network and one or more corresponding resource networks.
A process-oriented model will be shown during the workshop, which does just that, as well as taking the different stages of trauma treatment with EMDR into consideration. An experimental EMDR-Protocol will be explained and practiced, which directly connects resource activation and processing of trauma in accordance with the AIP Model.
It is the presenter's goal to clearly show how the integration of resources can greatly accelerate processing. It is imperative, however, that the use of these resources is not random, but oriented towards the specific needs of the client at that specific point in time while giving attention to how much resource or trauma is activated.

Keywords: Resources  RIT  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Shapiro, F. (1992, December). Stray thoughts:  Frozen childhood, Bio-electrical valence. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(2), 1-2.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Clinical observations of EMDR treatment sessions indicate that therapeutic results are often achieved through the progressive emergence of an adult perspective, particularly when the client was previously locked into the emotional responses of a childhoodbased trauma. Clearly, most childhood experiences are infused with a sense of powerlessness, lack of choice, lack of control, and inadequacy. Even the best of childhoods have moments when the parents attempt to leave for the evening and the child feels abandoned, powerless, and uncared for. Indeed, an entire generation of children was raised by a book that dictated feeding hours and parents were encouraged to avoid reinforcing the child's crying for food at other times. Consequently, thousands of children were left crying in the dark for food. Regardless of the fact that language was not yet encoded, arguably, this situation set up certain emotional nodes regarding "Self," "Suffering," and "Others." The EMDR model posits that the wide variety of childhood experiences are neurological touchstones for many dysfunctions.

Keywords: Bio-electrical Valence  Children  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. Lansing, K. M., Amen, D. G., & Klindt, W. C. (2000, November). Tracking the neurological impact of CBT and EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement for Behavior Therapy, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: CBT  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Wieland, S. (2013, May). Understanding and treating trauma/dissociation in children: The importance of EMDR. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will explain how early chaos and/or neglect affects a child’s brain, autonomic nervous system, and body system and how this can lead to the development of complex trauma. To protect the self from the overwhelming affect or complete shut-down that occurs with complex trauma, a child develops dissociation. Dr. Wieland will explain dissociation from both a neurological and a conceptual perspective. The three-stage trauma treatment model will be described with particular attention to the role of EMDR within each stage of this treatment. Because of the dynamics of dissociation – the separation off of emotions, cognitions/memories, and body sensations – an adapted form of the EMDR protocol is required in the work with these children and adults. Several clinical cases will be described with details on how EMDR is incorporated.

Keywords: Children  Dissociation  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. O'Malley, A. (2007, June). Using EMDR in unresolved neonatal trauma in a 13 year old and in a 7 year old whose father killed their mother. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: I am presenting the case of a 13-year-old boy who was referred because of uncontrolled rage evident in his relationship with peers in one incident he had a fellow pupil’s head under water until he was gasping for air.. He had shown little remorse towards the boy and described the incident as funny. The family had experienced a series of traumatic events. They were forced to evacuate their home when criminal gangs attempted to burn them out; his was to use the house for drug-related activity. Gang members had assaulted my patient and his mother in the street after going to the police. After meeting with the parents and brother and older sister, I had identified that on top of this recent trauma L had extreme hostility towards his mother who he described as “that woman.” My initial EMDR sessions were with L and his father. During processing of the trauma, my video will show bizarre movement including rolling his head back, hypotonic posture and behavior similar to an infant. This can be understood in relation to L’s early development. He was born at 33 weeks gestation and spends his first 6 weeks in a special care baby unit (CBU) in an incubator. My presentation will discuss the neurological consequences of early trauma and how a narrative approach using EMDR can help in recovery. This approach is based on the work of Dr. Joan Lovett. She is a California-based pediatrician who has developed a protocol for working with children who have experienced significant trauma following premature birth.
My second case is J, a 7-year-old boy who witnessed his father murder his mother approx 1 year ago. He was then held hostage by his father for 6 hours with the body of his mother lying in a pool of blood in the kitchen while the police negotiated with J’s father for his release. My first involvement with J was an in depth assessment of his emotional attachment and placement needs for the court. During this process, he developed frequent infantile rages and I advised the system of care around J on their management. At one stage, he had recurrent dreams about joining his mother in heaven and he was discovered attempting to strangle himself. I will discuss how I used the safe place protocol to alleviate his distress. I am now using EMDR directly with J. I use a variety of bilateral alternating stimuli. These include drumming, musical symbols, and a xylophone. I am able to get J to draw sequentially with each new drawing generated by J performing the “Butterfly hug.” I was inspired to use this technique after I attended a wonderful workshop facilitated by Michel Silvestre entitled “integrating family therapy and EMDR.” I hope to discuss in this presentation how EMDR can be combined with other therapeutic approached in a case of extreme trauma experienced by a 6-year-old boy who is now effectively orphaned as his father is in prison probably for the rest of his natural life. I will also allude to some of the techniques discussed by Dr. Atle Dyregrov at the 5th annual UK and Ireland conference in London in March last year. He presented in depth therapeutic work with a girl who suffered the trauma of her mother’s suicide. I will discuss some of the challenges presented by traumatic grief and how the EMDR protocol can be adapted for use in children.

Keywords: Children  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. Armstrong, R. (2008, June). What do the children say? Traumatised children’s experience of EMDR therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study explored experiences of children treated with Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The research aimed to understand more about salient aspects of the therapy such as needing therapy, parent support, the relationship with the therapist and the impact of the EMDR. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with nine children across England and Scotland, aged 10 to 16 years who had completed EMDR therapy within the past two years. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to elucidate the participants’ understanding of the effect of the EMDR therapy on their recovery from PTSD. Three super-ordinate themes are identified which describe how the participants engaged in the therapy, were assisted to keep going and what they made of EMDR. Results suggest that difficulties in engaging in the therapy were overcome by determination to get better, support of family and friends, the credibility of the therapist and starting to feel better after about two sessions. EMDR was perceived as an effective therapy despite initial scepticism, and an approach that generally did not require a conscious effort by the participant to make it work. Findings are related to neurobiological hypotheses concerning underlying neurological mechanisms for the resolution of traumatic memories. Practical implications fro improving clinical practice with children and families will be presented.

Keywords: Children  

Accuracy Verified: Yes