Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
Choose any combination of the search options below. If you do not wish to include an option in your search, leave the box blank, or select "Any."
Your Results - you searched for the keyword Motor Vehical Accidents 141 Results
1. 阿瀬川孝治 [Azekawa Takaharu]. (1999). 交通事故被害とEMDR [An EMDR work with a victim by a traffic accident]. こころの臨床ア・ラカルト, 18(1), 31-35 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 18(1), 31-35].
Language: Japanese
Format: Journal
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Holmshaw, M. (2005, April). Adaptive use of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of PTSD and trauma-related conditions, especially after RTAs, occupational accidents and assaults. Presentation at the 3rd annual conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Belfast, Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Assault Occupational Accidents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Roadside Traffic Accident RTA
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Holmshaw, M. (2005, April). Adaptive use of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of PTSD and trauma-related conditions, especially after RTAs, occupational accidents and assaults. Presentation at 3rd Annual Conference of the EMDR Association of UK and Ireland, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma-Related Conditions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment (2001, April). Alert: EMDR - Psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people - early assessment briefs. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU).
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
Findings by SBU Alert,
Version: 1,
METHOD AND TARGET GROUP:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
PATIENTS BENEFITS, RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS:
Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS:
There are no economic assessments of EMDR. Limited data suggest that fewer treatments are needed to achieve the desired outcome with EMDR compared to other psychotherapeutic methods. This suggests that EMDR is a potentially cost-effective method in relation to the alternatives, under the assumption that the effects of treatment are permanent.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE:
There is moderate* scientific evidence to show the benefits of EMDR treatment in children and adolescents. There is no* documentation concerning the cost-effectiveness or effects beyond 6 months.
Since the scientific documentation is limited, the effects of EMDR treatment in both the short and long term should be compared in studies with other treatment alternatives, including standard treatment. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the method should be studied under Swedish conditions.
*This assessment by SBU Alert uses a 4-point scale to grade the quality and evidence of the scientific documentation. The grades indicate: (1) good, (2) moderate, (3) poor, or (4) no scientific evidence on the subject.
This summary is based on a report prepared at SBU in collaboration with Kerstin Bergh Johannesson, Lic. Psychol., Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala and has been reviewed by Prof. Mats Fredriksson, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
REFERENCES:
1.) Cahill SP, Carrigan MH, Frueh BC. Does EMDR work? And if so, why? A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):5-33.
2.) Chemtob CM, Nakashima J, Hamada R, Carlson J. Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related PTSD: a field study. J Clin Psychol, in press.
3.) Chemtob et al. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In: Foa EB, Keane TM, Friedman MJ, eds. Effective treatments for PTSD. New York: Guilford, 2000.
4.) Devilly GJ, Spence SH. The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorders. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):131-57.
5.) Lovett J. Small Wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: Free Press, 1999.
6.) Macklin ML, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Berry NJ, Orr SP, Pitman RK. Five-year follow-up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat-related post traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2000;41(1),24-27.
7.) Puffer MK, Greenwald R, Elrod DE. A treatment outcome study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized children and adolescents. Presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Denver, June 1996.
8.) Renfrey G, Spates CR. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A partial dismantling procedure. J Behav Ther Experiment Psychiatr 1994;25:231-239.
9.) Scheck MM, Schaeffer JA, Gilette CS. Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. J Trauma Stress 1998;11:25-44.
10.) Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures. New York: Guilford Press, 1995.
11.) Stallard P, Velleman R, Baldwin S. Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents. BMJ 1998;317:1619-1623.
12.) Soberman GB, Greenwald R, Rule DL. A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. J Aggression Maltreatment Trauma, in press.
13.) Tinker RH, Wilson SA. Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with children. New York: Norton & Co, 1999.
14.) van der Kolk B. Biological response to psychic trauma. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York: Plenum Press, 1993:25-33.
15.) van der Kolk B, Burbridge J, Susuki J. The psychobiology of traumatic memory; clinical implications of neuroimagery studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997;821:99-113.
16.) van Etten M, Taylor S. Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 1998;5:126-144.
17.) Wilson SA, Becker LA, Tinker RH. Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65(6):1047-1056.
18.) Wilson SA, Tinker RH, Hoff.
Alert is a joint effort by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), the Medical Products Agency, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Federation of Swedish County Councils.
The complete report is available in Swedish only.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Guidelines PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Zangwill, W., Scharf, C., Berliner, K., Meyers, M., Schwartzberg, N., & Weinshel, M. (2006, September). All EMDR all the time: Various clinicians present and discuss videos of actual cases. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The second most common complaint from
participants at our Conference is that they don't
get to see enough actual EMDR sessions. The
purpose of this symposium is to have various
EMDR clinicians show and discuss videos of
some of their most interesting/cliallenging cases.
Presentation will include a session on a single
event trauma (motor vehicle accident involving
the death of a loved one), a couples session, and
an EMDR session with a more involved case involving sevcral small "t" traumas. This
presentation will allow participants to watch
actual EMDR sessions, not just segments, and
discuss the strengths and weaknesses in each
session with the clinician who conducted it. Three
clinicians will present their cases throughout the
day (for approximately 90 minutes each). The
hope is that by watching complete sessions,
participants will become more aware of the
important and 'little' details that enrich our work.
Keywords: Case Histories
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Sukirna, S. (2010, July). Alleviating physical tension and pain using EMDR. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This paper describes the utilization of EMDR for physical pain and tension suffered by three tsunami survivors. Physical pain can be conceptualized as caused by trauma, a reaction to trauma, may be exacerbated by trauma or a cause of trauma. Even if it is purely physical, pain apparently impacts psychological aspect of a person e.g. emotion, cognition. EMDR was used to process physical pain due to motorbike accidents and severe headache that presumably related to high blood pressure or sun stroke. During desensitization phase the patients focused mainly on their pain or part of the body that was dysfunctional, while simultaneously attended to the sensation of tapping. All of the patients admitted that the pain were completely alleviated and positive change of cognition occurred after one session of 25-35 minute (desensitization phase with tapping) EMDR. The effect of these one-session EMDR treatments on those patients maintained for months later.
Keywords: Pain Physical Tension
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. de Roos, C., & Went, M. (2011, April). Als woorden tekort schieten: EMDR bij preverbaal trauma [When words fail: EMDR for pre-verbal trauma]. Presentatie op de 5e jaarlijkse conferentie van EMDR Vereniging, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Infants (0-4 jarigen) kunnen allerlei traumatische gebeurtenissen meemaken zoals intrusieve medische handelingen, een ongeluk, seksueel misbruik en andere vormen van mishandeling. Daarnaast zijn er negatieve ervaringen die niet duidelijk identificeerbaar zijn zoals chronische oorpijn- of buikpijn. Ook deze ervaringen beinvloeden de ouder-kind interactie/ hechtingsrelatie en hebben daarmee hun weerslag op het vermogen tot emotieregulatie en het gedrag.
Herinneringen aan deze gebeurtenissen zijn preverbaal en dus niet op bewust nivo toegankelijk. Daardoor worden zij gemakkelijk over het hoofd gezien als mede-oorzaak of instandhoudende factor van emotionele of gedragsproblematiek in de basisschoolleeftijd. Na aanmelding bij de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg wordt behandeling daarom vaak gericht op de aanpak van de huidige gedragsproblematiek (symptoombestrijding). Onze ervaring is dat EMDR hier een goede aanvulling biedt. Deze methode richt zich immers op de ‘onderlaag’ van de problematiek door negatieve ervaringen die hieraan gerelateerd zijn te verwerken. Daarna kan een inhaalslag gemaakt worden met betrekking tot de emotieregulatie waardoor zowel gedrag als de ouder-kind interactie verbeteren.
Aan de hand van casuïstiek van infants en schoolkinderen wordt de indicatiestelling en toepassing getoond van het EMDR protocol bij de behandeling van kinderen die in de eerste 4 levensjaren getraumatiseerd zijn. In de presentatie wordt geillustreerd hoe de ‘verhalenmethode’ geintegreerd kan worden in een breder behandelaanbod.
Werkvorm
In de presentatie worden theorie en praktijk gecombineerd. Videobeelden ondersteunen het verhaal.
Infants (0-4 years), all kinds of traumatic experience as intrusive medical procedures, accidents, sexual abuse and other forms ofof abuse . There are also negative experiences that are not clearly identifiable as chronic ear pain or abdominal pain. These experiences affect the parent-infant interaction / attachment relationship and thus have their impact on the capacity for emotion regulation and behavior.
Memories of these events are preverbal and not accessible on a conscious level. Thus they are easily overlooked as a cause or co-maintaining factor of emotional or behavioral problems in primary school. After reporting to the Mental Health Treatment is therefore often aimed at addressing the current behavioral problems (symptoms). Our experience here is that EMDR provides a good addition. This method is focused on the 'layer' of the problem by negative experiences related to this process. Then caught up with regard to both behavior and emotion regulation allowing the parent-child interactions improve.
Through case studies of infants and schoolchildren being shown the indication and application of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of children who are traumatized life on April 1. The presentation illustrated how the 'stories'method can be incorporated into a broader range of treatment.
Form
In the presentation combines theory and practice. Video images support the story.
Keywords: Infants Children Pre-Verbal Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Verzolatto, N. (2008, Novembre). Applicazioni patriche dell'EMDR in ambito ospedaliero [Applications practice EMDR in hospitals]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In ambito ospedaliero l’intervento psicologico presenta peculiarità che rispondono ad alcune caratteristiche come :
- la velocità di intervento;
- l’ esigenza di applicare protocolli rapidi ed efficaci.
La necessità della rapidità è data dal fatto che il paziente allettato è generalmente in sofferenza fisica (spesso è presente dolore) oltre che psicologica e quindi non disponibile ad indagini ed interventi di tipo tradizionale (come assesment prolungati o studio approfondito della biografia);
l’efficacia è intesa nel senso che gli strumenti devono centrare la domanda dell’inviante, che solitamente non è il paziente ma il reparto di degenza, e devono intervenire sul disagio del paziente che spesso esprime sintomi specifici.
Generalmente i motivi per i quali vengono richieste le consulenze sono ascrivibili ad alcune precise categorie diagnostiche quali:
-PTSD e PTSD sottosoglia. Riguardano generalmente: le comunicazioni di diagnosi gravi e/o prognosi infausta, sia nel paziente che nel familiare; eventi traumatici quali la violenza sessuale e domestica, traumi per incidenti, traumi per ricoveri in reparti particolari come le Stroke Unit o le Unità di Rianimazione).
-disturbi d’ansia e DAP. Rientrano in questa categoria le consulenze per le fobie per sala operatoria, per l’anestesia, la paura del non risveglio e i timori per esiti del post-interveto (per es. nel caso di prostatectomie o laringectomie).
Nei casi sopra citati l’uso dell’EMDR diventa spesso lo strumento d’elezione per le peculiarità proprie che rispondono perfettamente alle caratterizzazioni sopra citate.
Nell’workshop si confronterà l’esperienza di tale attività e si discuterà di come l’uso dell’EMDR risponda per efficacia e velocità alle esigenze sopra esplicitate.
Psychological intervention in the hospital has special features that meet certain characteristics such as:
- The speed of intervention;
- 'S need to implement protocols for rapid and effective.
The need for speed is the fact that the patient is usually bedridden physical suffering (pain is often present) as well as psychological and therefore not available to traditional investigations and interventions (such as prolonged or assesment study of the biography);
effectiveness is understood that the instruments must hit dell'inviante demand, which is usually not the patient but the ward and must act on the discomfort of the patient often expresses specific symptoms.
Usually the reasons for which are claimed are attributable to some specific advice diagnostic categories such as:
-PTSD and subthreshold PTSD. Generally relate to: the Communications Diagnostic serious and / or poor prognosis, both in the patient in family trauma such as sexual and domestic violence, trauma caused by accidents, trauma admissions to particular departments as the Stroke Unit or the Intensive Care Unit) .
-Anxiety disorders and CAD. This category includes advice for phobias to the operating room, anesthesia, fear of not waking up and fears of post-surgical outcomes (eg. In the case of prostatectomy or laryngectomy).
In the above cases the use EMDR is often the tool of choice for the special features that perfectly meet the above characterizations.
Nell'workshop you compare the experience of this activity and will explore how to use EMDR effectiveness and speed to meet the requirements spelled out above.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Mueller-Schwefe, R. (2010, June). Back into life - EMDR with primary withdrawal after trauma. In Experimental use of EMDR. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
“Where I am? I am somewhere between heaven and
earth, but I don't know where exactly." "My therapist waited
for my anger, but it just isn't there...nowhere” – “I can't imagine
anything helpful when I feel bad, I just don't have the
energy... it's all too much for me." – “I just want to give up...”
Reaction to traumatic events can vary a lot. This is true even
when a PTSD has been diagnosed. Contrary to the 'classical'
hyper-arousal response to traumatic memories there is also a
different pattern of response that is characterized by a lack of
an increase in heart rate, and very different pattern of neural activations,
despite having a severe case of acute and subsequent
PTSD'[l] and may go along with (peri- and posttraumatic) dissociation,
emotional numbness, exhaustion, withdrawal and
depression. The above statements belong to people with this
pattern of response who have experienced subsequent difficulties
already in the stabilization phase of their trauma-therapy.
First, I will present an understanding of this symptomatology,
the hypothesis being a predominance of the dorsal vagal system
(see: Polyvagal Theory [2] and activation of the early withdrawal
reflex (or: fear-paralysis reflex). This goes along with
particular cognitive and especially emotional and physical features.
Second, I will present a way to work with this condition, taking
into account that the completion of "interrupted action." In this
case does not imply an outward (fight or fight response) but an
inward orientation withdrawal).
EMDR with an adjusted protocol and tactile bilateral stimulation
provides the way to process and pull through this interrupted
(or unsatisfied) organismic withdrawal and the fear mostly associated
with this process. Returning from this deep and primary
withdrawal from life brings back the energy and the patient
turns back towards life; vagal predominance subsides and the
stuck impulse to withdraw releases.
1. Ruth A. Lanius, James W. Hopper, Ravi 5. Menon, Individual
Differences in a Husband and Wife Who Developed PTSD After
a Motor Vehicle Accident: A Functional MRI Case Study. Am J
Psychiatry 160:4. April 2003, p. 668.
2. Porges. S.W. (2001). The Polyvagal Theory: Phylogenetic
substrates of a social nervous system. International Journal of
Psychophysiology, 42, 123-146.
Learning objectives:
1. Recognize dorsal vagal predominance and primary withdrawal
after trauma,
2. Understand the different orientation of interrupted action/
trauma scheme, 3. Know how to help withdrawal-patients to stabilize and
process with adjusted EMDR-protocol and tactile or auditory
bilateral stimulation.
New and unique: Identifying this withdrawal-type of traumatic
reaction and scheme, understanding it with the help of Polyvagal
Theory and development of EMDR- adjusted protocol and
way to process this.
Keywords: Primary Withdrawal Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Diehle, J., Beer, R., Boer, F., & Lindauer, R. J. L. (2011, April). Behandeleffecten van traumagerichte cognitieve gedragstherapie en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) [Treatment effects of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Symposia op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Achtergrond: Dagelijks raken veel
kinderen betrokken bij ongelukken, brand, (seksueel)
geweld, pesten, of andere ingrijpende
gebeurtenissen. Het meemaken van dergelijke
gebeurtenissen kan leiden tot een posttraumatische
stressstoornis (PTSS). ptss gaat gepaard met
hoge comorbiditeit, slechtere schoolprestaties en
heeft een negatieve invloed op het lichamelijk herstel van kinderen (Winston 2003).
In internationale richtlijnen wordt traumagerichte
cognitieve gedragstherapie (TG-CGT)
voor de behandeling bij kinderen aanbevolen en
eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is beoordeeld als veelbelovend (nice 2005). Onderzoeksresultaten
naar de effecten van deze behandelingen
bij kinderen zijn nog steeds schaars (Stallard
2006).
Doel: Binnen een pilotonderzoek worden
de behandeleffecten van TG-CGT en EMDR bij kinderen
vastgesteld.
Methoden: Op een poliklinische afdeling
zijn gegevens verzameld van 20 kinderen tussen
de 8 en 18 jaar met posttraumatische stressklachten
en van hun ouders. Van deze kinderen
hebben 10 een behandeling met TG-CGT ondergaan
en 10 een behandeling met emdr. Bij kinderen
en ouders zijn zowel voor als na de behandeling behandeling
de klachten in kaart gebracht met behulp van
een diagnostisch interview en verschillende vragenlijsten.
Voor het stellen van de diagnose ptss
en comorbide diagnosen is het Anxiety Disorders
Interview Schedule for dsm-iv-Child Version (adis-c) afgenomen. Tevens werden de Children’s Revised
Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), de Revised Child
Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS)
en de Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) afgenomen om angstklachten en gedragsproblemen te meten.
Resultaten: Traumaklachten zijn
zowel in de EMDR-groep alsook in de TF-CBTgroep
afgenomen. Gedetailleerdere resultaten
worden tijdens het congres besproken.
Conclusie Zowel TG-CGT als emdr
blijkt effectief te zijn bij het verhelpen van ptssklachten bij kinderen.
Background: Daily affects many
children involved in accidents, fires, (sexual)
violence, bullying, or other major
events. The experience of such
events can lead to a posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is associated with
high comorbidity, poorer school performance and
has a negative impact on the physical recovery of children (Winston 2003).
International guidelines is trauma-focused
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-TG)
recommended for the treatment of children and
Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been rated as promising (Nice 2005). Research
the effects of these treatments
children are still scarce (Stallard
2006).
Purpose: In a pilot investigation
the treatment effects of TG-CBT and EMDR in children
established.
Methods: In an outpatient department
Data were collected from 20 children between
8 and 18 years with post traumatic stress symptoms
and their parents. Of these children
have a treatment with 10 undergoing TG-CBT
10 and treatment with EMDR. In children
and parents before and after treatment treatment
complaints mapped using
a diagnostic interview and several questionnaires.
For the diagnosis of PTSD
comorbid diagnoses and the Anxiety Disorders
Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Child Version (ADIS-C) decreased. Also, the Children's Revised
Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), the Revised Child
Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS)
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and (SDQ) were administered to measure anxiety and behavioral problems.
Results: Trauma Complaints are
both in the EMDR group and the TF-CBT-groep
decreased. More detailed results
be discussed during the congress.
Conclusion: Both TG-CBT and EMDR
appear to be resolving the ptssklachten in children.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Zangwill, W. (1995, June). Beyond the basics: Conceptual issues and advances in using EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop is designed for those comfortable with the basics of using EMDR. We shall discusses the importance of developing
a conceptual framework in which to view the patient and his/her life experiences. Though any framework could potentially be used,
the one we shall use is that of Jefiey Young's Schema-Focused Cognitive therapy. This workshop is too brief to go deeply into
Jeff's work so let me give you some references. (Books: 1)Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema Focused Appoach,
Professional Resource Exchange, Sarasota, F1, (813) 366-7913 Or 2) Reinventing Your Life, Young and Klosko. Jeff can be reached
at the CTC of NY (212) 717-1052). I would like to begin by presenting an overview of how I see the case conceptualization
enhancing the effectiveness of EMDR. Next I want to present a case illustrating the points I am going to make. Then, for the
remaining two thirds of the presentation, I would like us to share our experiences of cases using either this or your own framework.
Why conceptualize the case? Why not just treat the trauma directly? Because I assume that it is the interaction of the events a
person has experienced and the way in which they have interpreted, experienced and stored them that is most important in
determining the amount and kind of pain that remains. If you took a group of 100 people who had been in serious accidents, were
assaulted, etc. They will not all respond the same to the experience. Thus, I think that it is vitally important to "map" each patient's
own idiosyncratic set of vulnerabilities, his/her schemas or life themes.
One of the ways I do that is by attempting to combine all of the information that I obtain in the first few sessions. This would
include history taking, any paper and pencil measures I use, e.g., Lazarus' Multimodal Life History Questionnaire (Research Press,
Champagne, IL.); Young's Schema Questionnaire (Jeffrey Young, Cognitive Therapy Center of New York), and my experience of
the client in session. My assumption is that we all have specific vulnerabilities. In Young's system such issues as Emotional
Deprivation - the feeling that we shall never receive the kind of caring we need - Abandonment, Mistrust/Abuse, Defectives,
Vulnerability, Subjugation, Entitlement, etc., are assumed to be organizing themes around which memories and experiences are
stored. (Use 'Types of Fruit' metaphor here.)
Once you have identified these underlying vulnerabilities and life themes, educating patients as to the role of these early maladaptive
schemas in their present life difficulties is quite usefull in a variety of ways. First, is its explanatory power. One of the problems
clients often present is the pain of the event itself their subsequent reactions. How many of us have heard from our clients
variations on the theme of "What's wrong with me that this is still bothering me? It happened years ago; how come I'm still
overreacting?" Explaining that often the event was/is so painful because it taps into a whole series of memories (the childhood file
folders that Francine talks about in Level I), frequently increases clients' ability to understand their emotional reactions and reduces
their tendency to blame themselves. Second, it alerts you and the client to look for other examples in the past that might be
thematically connected and to be aware of situations in the future that might be troublesome. For example, imagine a client who
suffered a tremendous loss as a chlld through the death of a parent, divorce, etc. Through your interviews and data collection, you
realize that the issue of abandonment is a very pow& for them. Naturally, you would want to use EMDR to clean out any past
experiences connected to abandonment. However, you should anticipate that situations involving future separation will need to be
addressed. How will they react when their spouse goes on a business trip? The conceptualization around this theme alerts you and
the client to be aware of these issues. Also, it can be very helpfull in your couples work.
Take the example of the spouse that gets upset about over his wife's upcoming business trip. (Knowing that sometimes the upset
shows itself prior to the trip and sometimes it is only after they return that the spouse feels punished). Without knowledge of these
underlying schemas and life themes, the wife might interpret the husband's upset as a result of jealousy at her success, fear of her
growth, and as being a part of his controlling nature. With these interpretations, her anger and frustration would be understandable.
How differently might she respond if she saw his difficulty in her leaving as reflecting his fear of losing her and being abandoned
once again. Might this interpretation allow both of them to respond in ways helpful to the relationship?
With this brief background, let me present a case and show you how these issues fit together and how by conceptualizing the case
accurately I was able to provide better treatment. After if I finish this presentation, I want to open the floor to your comments and
questions. I would then like to propose that we take the remaining time for you to present your own cases that illustrate either the
usefulness of the conceptualization you did or the problems you ran into when you didn't.
Case # 1
Case discussion. Case presentations and discussion by participants.
Keywords: Conceptual Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Mackey, C. (2008, April). Case study of psychological treatment including EMDR for PTSD associated with witnessing a fatal accident. Presentation at the annual meeting for the European Society for Trauma and Dissociation, Belfast, Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accident Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Road Accident
Accuracy Verified: No
13. Oh, D., & Choi, J. (2004). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after EMDR: A SPECT study of two cases. Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry, 11(2), 173-180.
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Over the last decade, EMDR(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. Authors report SPECT findings of two patients of PTSD before and after EMDR.Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT was performed before and after EMDR treatment. To evaluate the significance of changes in the regional cerebral perfusion, t-test was conducted on the resulting images using SPM99 . In addition, clinical scales(CAPS, CGI, STAI) were employed to asses the changes in the clinical symptoms of the patients. After EMDR treatment, each showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms. The cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences in the cerebral perfusion between patients after treatment and normal controls decreased. These changes appeared mainly in the limbic area the and the prefrontal cortex.These results suggest that EMDR may show the therapeutic effect through 1) improvement in the emotional control by increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, 2) inhibited hyperstimuli on amygdala by deactivation of the association cortex, 3) inhibition on past trauma related memory, and 4) keeping the functional balance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. This case report needs further replication from studies with larger sample. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Brain Imagining Adults Females Koreans Motor Vehicle Accidents Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD: Rape SPECT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Oh, D. H., & Choi, J. (2007). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A SPECT study of two cases. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 24-30. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.24.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. This study reports changes in the resting regional cerebral blood flow after successful EMDR treatment in 2 patients with PTSD. Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT (Technetium 99m-ethyl cysteinate dimmer-single photon emission computerized tomography) was performed before and after EMDR, and, in addition, a pre- and posttreatment comparison was made with 10 non-PTSD participants as a control group. After EMDR, cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences between participants and normal controls also decreased. Changes appeared mainly in the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. These results are in line with current understanding of neurobiology of PTSD. EMDR treatment appears to reverse the functional imbalance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Brain Imaging Females Koreans Motor Traffic Accidents Neuroimaging Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD Rape RCBF Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Barfoot, K. M., Casey, M. C., & Callaway, A. J. (2012, July). Combined EEG and eye-tracking in sports skills training and performance analysis. Presentation at the World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport IX, University of Wooster.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The use of mobile EEG brainwave monitoring and eye-tracking recorded synchronously
during the training of sports skills offers significant opportunities but creates challenges.
Opportunities:
¨ Measuring neurocognitive activity and visual focus in real time which can be used to
provide immediate feedback to the coach, in ‘real world’ settings, for optimising training
protocols for the individual athlete.
¨ Use of sound output (‘sonification’) in proportion to EEG regions of interest as a
neurofeedback mechanism for athlete self-training.
¨ Application of visualisation protocols and ‘EEG-driven’ PC games where game feedback
based on state of mind is used to optimise mental state prior to performance.
¨ Examining the relationship between eye movement and neuro activity (e.g. saccades and
gamma waves) and in athlete coaching interventions such as sports visual scanning
strategies, Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, focussed
relaxation, etc.
Challenges:
¨ The recording of EEG during gross motor behaviour is subject to non-brain artefacts in
the raw (time-domain) EEG, due to the much larger (than EEG) electrical voltages
arising from muscle and eye movements. Practical approaches and signal processing
(frequency domain spectrum) techniques to address these problems will be discussed.
¨ The synchronisation of data recorded on different types of equipment (e.g. EEG, eyetracker,
video, sound, EMG, etc.) with different ‘clocks’ and diverse data formats is
difficult – both in terms of time-stamping the original recordings across all the systems
and playing them back synchronously for subsequent performance analysis. Progress on
creating real-time data export methods which allow synchronous data recording and
playback will be reported.
Examples of studies carried out in archery, golf, motorsport, football and skiing will be
discussed, with a focus on archery where:
¨ Measurements were taken from intermediate, county level, near elite and elite archers.
¨ Archery was chosen to demonstrate the real-time and in-situ quantification of neural
activity compared with target-based measures of performance that archery provides, over a
range of time-spans and skills.
¨ Results demonstrate that there are significant and measurable changes in EEG patterns
during a shot with evidence suggesting that the patterns vary as a function of skill level,
but not simply as a function of score.
Significance of each of these studies for goal-directed learning and performance enhancement
are discussed.
Keywords: EEG Eye Tracking Performance Analysis Sports Skills
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Lipke, H. (2003, December). Comment on Hembree and Foa (2003) and EMDR. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(6), 573-574. doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000004081.85114.05.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The role of eye movements in EMDR therapy is not yet clear. However, it is clear that Hembree and Foa's uncritical report of evidence nonsupportive of the importance of eye movement, or other sensory/motor activity in EMDR, suggests this is a closed issue, not an open issue as the research actually indicates. This uncritical interpretation by Hembree and Foa poses the danger of unjustly steering scientists and clinicians away from consideration of EMDR as a distinct method of treatment, and of attempting to better understand its mechanism of effect. [Text, p. 573] [Pilots]
Keywords: Comment Letter Professional Criticism Reply Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Khosropour, F., Ebrahiminejad, G. H., Salehi, M., & Farzad, V. (2012, April-May). Comparing the effectiveness of psychological debriefing, eye movement desensitization reprocessing, and imaginal exposure on treatment of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 19(2), 149-159 .
Language: Farsi (Iran)
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background & Aims: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered as one of the most prevalent disorder during the life time and can negatively influence the individual, family and social relationships of patients, so, prevention and treatment of this disorder is highly important. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), psychological debriefing (PD), and imaginal exposure (IE) are some treatment methods, but there is controversy about long effects of these treatments, especially among chronic patients.
Method: In a semi experimental study, a total of 54 adult male patients, based on Davidson scale and psychiatric diagnostic, were randomly selected, and then were divided into 3 equal therapy groups. All participants were evaluated before, after and 3 months after the treatment. Data were analyzed through the repeated variance and Duncan post-hoc tests.
Results: Psychological debriefing and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing were better than imaginal exposure in relief of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder signs and remaining the effectiveness in three months follow-up.
Conclusion: It is concluded that all of the above methods are effective on chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and the efficacy of the therapeutic techniques would be still in force even after 3 months.
Considering the importance of psychological interventions, it is necessary that such methods be taught to psychologists so that they can use them after traumatic accidents.
Keywords: Imaginal Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Debriefing PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Holmshaw, M., Carswell, J. W., & Allan, J. (2006, June). A comparison of EMDR, CBT or a combined approach (CBT & EMDR) in the treatment of psychological trauma following road accidents. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Road Accidents Traffic Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Fernandez, I. (2010, June). The contribution of EMDR with children survivors of mass trauma. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper describes the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked incidents).
EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment of the population and was the elective treatment for children of those elementary schools, which were most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one month, three months and one year after the critical event. Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and siblings.
Psychological support and EMDR treatment was provided to parents and school personnel, and this aspect has been considered fundamental in enhancing treatment results in children during the last interventions.
Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess posttraumatic symptomatology before and after treatment will be shown along with follow up data. Treatment groups show a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Results and statistical data regarding EMDR treatment with heavily traumatized children will be presented.
The author will discuss clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent traumas of great magnitude. Analysis and evaluation of children's reactions and needs have highlighted significant epidemiological aspects.
The posttraumatic stress reactions of this group in developmental age will be discussed. EMDR treatment for parents and other adults involved in the disaster has proven critical when dealing with children's symptomatology. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions with all parties involved (parents, school personnel, community) from our field studies will be presented.
Keywords: Children Keynote Mass Trauma Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Nofal, S. (2003). E.M.D.R: Método psicoterapéutico de elección [EMDR psychotherapeutic method of choice]. Psicoterapias. Presentación en: 3º Congreso Virtual de Psiquiatria.com.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
E.M.D.R.: que significa Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento con Movimientos Oculares es un método psicoterapéutico para tratar trastornos emocionales que son causadas por experiencias abrumadoras de la vida, que van desde eventos traumáticos como guerras, accidentes, violaciones y desastres naturales, hasta situaciones traumáticas originadas en la niñez. · Se pueden tratar también además del T.E.P.T. todos los trastornos de ansiedad, depresión, desórdenes disociativos, duelos, dolor crónico, adicciones, perturbaciones somáticas, etc. en niños, adolescentes y adultos.
EMDR: meaning Desensitization and Reprocessing eye movement is a psychotherapeutic method for treating emotional disorders that are caused by overwhelming experiences of life, ranging from traumatic events such as war, accidents, violations and natural disasters, to traumatic situations arising in childhood . · You can also treat PTSD plus all anxiety disorders, depression, dissociative disorders, grief, chronic pain, addiction, somatic disturbances, etc.. in children, adolescents and adults.
Keywords: Postraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapies PTSD Stress Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Rusthton, A. (2010, January). Editorial. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 15(1), 3-4. doi:10.1177/1359104509345879 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses an article on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to children after a motor vehicle accident by Kemp and colleagues, treatment manual for trauma-exposed youth by Carrion and Hull, and parent and child adaptation to childhood chronic illness by Gannoni and Shute.
Keywords: Children Chronc Illness Editorial Motor Vehicle Accident Treatment Manual
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Meneses, J. A. (2007). Efectividad del EMDR, en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes academicos, en las alumnas de los sextos cursos del instituto tecnológico “Eloy Alfaro”, de la ciudad de esmeraldas, durante el ano 2.006 [Effectiveness of EMDR in reducing extreme anxiety to academic examinations in the students of the sixth technical institute courses "Eloy Alfaro" emerald city, during the year 2006]. Universidad Central Del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Psicologicas, Instituto Superior de Postgrado, Quito, Ecuador.
Language: Spanish
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
El EMDR, es un método psicoterapéutico, efectivo para reducir la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes académicos, a niveles normales, en un 88.8%, de los casos, en 9.25 sesiones de tratamiento, como promedio, con un nivel de confianza del 95 y 99%, en las alumnas de los sextos cursos, del Instituto Tecnológico “Eloy Alfaro, de la ciudad de Esmeraldas, durante el año 2.006. OBJETIVOS DE APRENDIZAJE:
1. Demostrar que EMDR, es efectivo también para reducir la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes académicos.
2. Informar que EMDR, reduce además a niveles normales los sistemas de respuestas de ansiedad cognitiva, fisiológica, y motora y la ansiedad a la evaluación.
3. Concienciar que EMDR, provoca también cambios cognitivos, emocionales y conductuales, como por ejemplo, el aumento de la autoestima y de la autoeficacia.
4. Comunicar que, luego del estudio de seguimiento, se estableció que EMDR, es efectivo en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes, en forma estable, es decir sin que se produzcan recaídas o sustitución de síntomas
In this study, which is kind of explanation, then use the hypothetical-deductive method with a quasi-experimental design with experimental and control group, formed at random, with pre and post treatment, with statistical processing of data, with the Student t test, and ANOVA before and after treatment, and once tested the hypothesis, it was established that:
EMDR is a psychotherapeutic method, effective in reducing extreme anxiety to academic tests to normal levels in 88.8% of the cases, treatment sessions 9.25, on average, with a confidence level of 95 and 99 % of pupils in the sixth course, the "Eloy Alfaro" Technological Institute in Esmeraldas City Ecuador during the year 2006.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Show that EMDR is also effective to reduce extreme anxiety to academic exams.
2. Report that EMDR also reduces systems to normal levels of anxiety responses cognitive, physiological, and motor and anxiety evaluation.
3. Awareness that EMDR also causes cognitive, emotional and behavioral, for example, increased self-esteem and self-efficacy.
4. Report that, after the follow-up study established that EMDR is effective in reducing extreme anxiety tests in stable form, ie without the occurrence of relapse or symptom substitution.
Keywords: Anxiety Eloy Alfaro Students
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Meneses, J. A. (2007, Novembro). Efectividad del EMDR, en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes académicos, en las alumnas de los sextos cursos del instituto tecnológico “Eloy Alfaro”, de la ciudad de Esmeraldas, Ecuador, durante el año 2.006 [Effectiveness of EMDR in reducing extreme anxiety, academic tests, students in the sixth high school courses technological "Eloy Alfaro" City Esmeraldas, Ecuador, during the year 2006]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivos de aprendizaje:
• Demostrar que EMDR es efectivo también para
reducir la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes
académicos.
• Informar que EMDR reduce además a niveles
normales los sistemas de respuestas de
ansiedad cognitiva, fisiológica, y motora y la
ansiedad a la evaluación.
• Concienciar que EMDR provoca también
cambios cognitivos, emocionales y conductuales,
como por ejemplo: el aumento de la
autoestima y de la autoeficacia.
• Comunicar que luego del estudio de seguimiento,
se estableció que EMDR, es efectivo
en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los
exámenes, en forma estable, es decir, sin que
se produzcan recaídas o sustitución de
síntomas.
Learning Objectives:
• Demonstrate that EMDR is effective also for
reduce extreme anxiety tests
academics.
• Inform that EMDR also reduces levels
normal response systems
cognitive anxiety, physiological, and motor and
evaluation anxiety.
• Raise awareness that EMDR also results
cognitive, emotional and behavioral
such as: increased
self-esteem and self-efficacy.
• Communicate that after the follow-up study
established that EMDR is effective
in reducing the extreme anxiety
examinations, in a stable, ie without
relapses occur or replacement of
symptoms.
Keywords: Ecuador Test Anxiety
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Kutz, I., Dekel, R., Schreiber, S., Resnick, V., Dolberg, O. T., Barkai, G., Leor, A., Rapoport, E., & Bloch, M. (2008, November). The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Early diagnosis and intervention in mass
casualty events: Since September 2000, Israeli and Palestinian societies suffered
great losses. on the Israeli side, civilians of all ages, and ethnic
groups, have been exposed to various types of terrorist attacks.
This symposium examines issues of diagnosis and interventions
The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes: Purpose: To examine the efficacy of a single session of a modified
abridged EMDR protocol in reducing Acute Stress Syndromes
(ASS) following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks.
Methods: Treatment was provided, in a general hospital inpatient
and out-patient setting to 86 patients with ASS.
Friday: 11:00 a.m. – 12:15 p.m.
Presenters are underlined and discussants are italicized.
If serving in both roles, they are both underlined and italicized. Findings: Fifty percent reported immediate fading of their intrusive
symptoms and general alleviation of their distress, 27% described
partial alleviation of their symptoms, while 23% reported no
improvement. Four week and six month follow-up, in the terror
victims group only, showed that the immediate responders
remained symptom free, while half of the non-responders, who
also received subsequent additional interventions modalities, were
still symptomatic.
Conclusions: The difference in response may be attributed, in part,
to the fact that immediate responders tended to have an
uncomplicated ASS with fewer risk factors for PTSD, while the
non-responders had higher exposure to former traumas and
endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other
anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention in
uncomplicated cases and offer a psycho-physiological hypothesis
for immediate response. While additional controlled studies are
essential, this immediate symptomatic relief may be a potential
addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Bombings Israel Palenstine Panel Symposium Terrorists
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Kutz, I., Resnik, V., & Dekel, R. (2008). The effect of single-session modified EMDR on acute stress syndromes. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 190-200. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.190.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A single session of a modified, abridged EMDR protocol was provided in a general hospital inpatient and outpatient setting to 86 patients with acute stress (AS) syndrome suffering from intrusion distress following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Fifty percent reported immediate fading of intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms and distress, while 23% reported no improvement. Partial and nonresponders were provided with or referred for more comprehensive treatment. At 4-week and 6-month follow-up, the immediate responders in the terror victims group remained symptom free. The immediate responders tended to have uncomplicated AS symptoms with fewer risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while the nonresponders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention on intrusive symptoms in early uncomplicated posttraumatic cases. Although more controlled studies are essential, this immediate method for symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Intrusions Mass Casualty Event MCE Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Ribchester, T. (2001, May). Efficacy of EMDR in children and adolescents with PTSD symptomatology. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper aims to describe on-going research on the evaluation of efficacy of EMDR as a
treatment for post traumatic stress symptomatology in children who have been in road traffic accidents. Various cognitive measures were used to see which of them differentiated children
who had been in road traffic accidents and developed post-traumatic stress symptomatology
from those who had been in road traffic accidents and did not. Those who developed post
traumatic stress symptomatology and agreed to take part in the study were then treated with
EMDR. Pre and post-treatment measures of cognitive variables previously assessed were
compared. Of the 12 who agreed to participate 11 were found to be free of post traumatic
stress symptomatology following treatment that varied in length from 2-5 sessions.
Keywords: Adoelscents Children Efficacy Motor Vehicle Accidents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Traffic Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Raju, K. (2005). Ego strengthening and eye movement desensitization reprocessing in post traumatic stress disorder. Medical Journal Armed Forces of India, 61, 289-290.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety
disorder, which occurs after exposure to
overwhelming stress like combat, rape, serious
accidents, violent crime and other catastrophic events.
The essential characteristics of the condition are
recurrent intrusive memories, images, thoughts or
dreams of the trauma, persistent arousal, emotional
numbing and avoidance of the situations reminiscent of
the trauma. 15-20% of individuals experiencing significant
trauma are known to develop PTSD [1]. Although
anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antipsychotic and
antidepressant drugs have been tried, none have been
consistently associated with improvement [2]. Eye
Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is
being increasingly utilized as a valid method of treatment
for this distressing condition [3-7]. Ego Strengthening
(ES) is a sequence of simple psychotherapeutic
suggestions given under hypnosis [8]. A long standing
case of PTSD treated with EMDR and ES is reported.
Keywords: Case Report Ego Strengthening Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, F. (1999). Eine neue psychotherapeutische behandlungsmethode für patienten mit posttraumatischer belastungsstörung: EMDR. Behandlungsdurchführung und ergebnisse einer pilotstudie [A new psychotherapy treatment for patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: EMDR. Treatment implementation and results of a pilot study]. Psychomed, 11, 164-169 .
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Nicht erst seit dem Zugunglück von Eschede und den damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Medienberichten wird zunehmend auch in der Öffentlichkeit bekannt, daß psychische Traumatisierungen zu einer tiefen und anhaltenden Verletzung des Gefühls der persönlichen Sicherheit und Unverletzbarkeit führen können. Dies wird oft wie ein Riß im Selbstverständnis oder wie ein Zusammenbruch des persönlichen Weltbildes beschrieben. Plötzlich wird die Welt als bedrohlich erlebt. Der Betroffene fühlt sich schutzlos und ausgeliefert. Typische Symptome, die in der Folge von belastenden Ereignissen auftreten, sind Schlafstörungen und Alpträume, quälende Wiedererinnerungen, Ängste und situationsbezogenes Vermeidungsverhalten sowie erhöhte Schreckhaftigkeit und Konzentrationsstörungen. Normalerweise bilden sich diese Symptome innerhalb einiger Tage bis einiger Wochen zurück. Bleiben diese psychischen und psychosomatischen Beeinträchtigungen jedoch bestehen, so ist bei einem Vorliegen von länger als 3 Monaten eine Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung zu diagnostizieren.
In den letzten Jahren wurde die Forschung über Traumafolgen erheblich intensiviert. Es wurden neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen, die dazu beigetragen haben, daß die psychotherapeutischen Verfahren zur Behandlung traumatisierter Menschen erheblich verbessert werden konnten. Seit vier Jahren behandelt die Abteilung Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie der MHH Menschen mit Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen im Rahmen einer Traumasprechstunde und erforscht die psychischen und biologischen Auswirkungen von Traumatisierungen.
Epidemiologie
Nach Ergebnissen einer Vielzahl von epidemiologischen Studien, ist die Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (Posttraumatic stress disorder, kurz PTSD) infolge von Traumatisierungen in der Kindheit oder im späterem Leben, eine in ihrer Häufigkeit und sozioökonomischen Bedeutung lange unterschätzte Erkrankung. Unter Zugrundelegen der Diagnosekriterien der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung nach DSM-III-R liegt die Lebenszeitprävalenz in den USA für beide Geschlechter bei 7,8 Prozent bis 12,3 Prozent, wobei etwa doppelt so viele Frauen betroffen sind wie Männer (5). Für die deutsche Bevölkerung gib es noch keine epidemiologisch gesicherten Prävalenzzahlen, aber die Bedeutung von "Traumatisierungen" für die Entstehung oder für die erhebliche Verschlechterung psychischer Störungen wird immer deutlicher. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist die lebhafte Diskussion in den Medien über die psychischen Folgen von Traumatisierungen für Unfallopfer und Rettungskräfte in der letzten Zeit.
Die empirischen und klinischen Befunde zu Traumatisierungen in der Kindheit haben Egle, Hoffmann & Joraschky jüngst in einer Monographie zusammengestellt (1). Danach ist die Rolle von Vernachlässigung, Mißbrauch und Mißhandlung für eine Reihe von psychischen Störungen wie Selbstverletzendem Verhalten, Borderline-Störungen und Dissoziativen Störungen mittlerweile unstrittig und scheint auch für Subgruppen von Patienten mit Eßstörungen, Angststörungen, Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Somatisierungsstörungen von erheblicher Relevanz zu sein.
Weit unterschätzt ist zudem die Häufigkeit von Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen infolge von Unfällen oder Einsätzen in Krisengebieten. 20 Jahre nach dem Vietnamkrieg leiden noch immer ca. 15 Prozent aller Vietnamkriegsveteranen an einer PTSD. Opfer von Gewaltverbrechen und Überfällen sowie auch Zeugen von Gewalttaten, wie z.B. Rettungspersonal und Feuerwehrangehörige, stellen eine weitere Risikogruppe für die Entwicklung einer PTSD dar.
Not since the train wreck of Eschede and the related media reports, is increasingly known to the public that psychological trauma can lead to a deep and persistent breach of the feeling of personal safety and invulnerability. This is often described as a crack in the self or as a breakdown of the personal worldview. Suddenly the world is experienced as threatening. The person concerned feels defenseless and delivered. Typical symptoms that occur as a result of stressful events are insomnia and nightmares, distressing recollections, fears and situational avoidance behavior and increased nervousness and difficulty concentrating. Usually these symptoms are back within a few days to a few weeks. But they remain psychological and psychosomatic disturbances exist, so with a presence of more than 3 months is a post-traumatic stress disorder to diagnose.
In recent years, research on consequences of trauma was significantly intensified. It gained new insights that have contributed to the psychotherapeutic method for the treatment of traumatized people could be greatly improved. For four years, the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, MHH treats people with post-traumatic stress disorder in a trauma clinic and explores the psychological and biological effects of trauma.
Epidemiology
According to results of a large number of epidemiological studies, post-traumatic stress disorder (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD short) as a result of trauma in childhood or in later life, a decrease in frequency and socio-economic importance of long underestimated disease. Inter alia with the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder according to DSM-III-R lifetime prevalence in the U.S. is for both sexes at 7.8 percent to 12.3 percent, with about twice as many women are affected as men (5). For the German people give it no epidemiological prevalence data secure, but the meaning of "trauma" in the development or for the serious deterioration of mental disorders is increasingly clear. An example is the lively discussion in the media about the psychological consequences of trauma for victims and rescue workers in recent times.
The empirical and clinical findings concerning traumatic experiences in childhood have Egle, Hoffmann & Joraschky recently compiled in a monograph (1). Then disorders the role of neglect, abuse and mistreatment for a number of mental disorders such as self-injurious behavior, borderline disorders and dissociative now undisputed, and appears to be for subgroups of patients with eating disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and somatization disorders is of considerable relevance.
Also greatly underestimated the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of accidents or operations in critical areas. 20 years after the Vietnam War still suffer about 15 percent of Vietnam War veterans in a PTSD. Victims of violent crimes and robberies, as well as witnesses of violence, such as Rescue workers and firefighters, are another risk group for the development of PTSD dar.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Rosental, V. (2008, Diciembre 16). El método de EMDR: Un cambio de paradigma [The method of EMDR: A paradigm shift]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=454 om 1/4/2009.
Language: Spanish
Format: Other
Abstract:
Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack.
The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency.
He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability
Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack.
The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency.
He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability
Trabajo desde hace años en esta profesión, la psicología, una especialidad que puede ayudar a muchas personas que sufren, que estoy investigando y encontrando nuevas maneras de dar a los pacientes alternativas que conduzcan a un cambio real.
En este viaje tuve la oportunidad de explorar el mundo un poco más emocionante de la mente humana a través de un enfoque integrado que cambió mi paradigma de la psicoterapia. Me refiero a EMDR, basado en el modelo de procesamiento de información, una poderosa herramienta para aliviar el sufrimiento de los pacientes que nos consultan a tiempo para mantener sus logros. reprocesamiento de adaptación se lleva a cabo a nivel neurofisiológico que permite a la salud mental.
Working for years in this profession, psychology, a specialty that can help many people suffering, I am researching and finding new ways to give patients alternatives that lead to real change.
In this journey I had the opportunity to explore a bit more exciting world of the human mind through an integrated approach that changed my paradigm of psychotherapy. I refer to EMDR, based on the information processing model, a powerful tool to alleviate the suffering of patients who consult us in time sustaining their achievements. Adaptive reprocessing takes place at a neurophysiological level that enables mental health.
The letters called EMDR that mean in English:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, which translates as desensitization and reprocessing eye movement. It is a method to work emotional difficulties caused by traumatic events such as war, natural disasters, accidents, assaults, duels unprocessed disturbing childhood experiences as well as phobias, somatic diseases and disorders, anxiety and disruptive behavior.
Keywords: Practice, Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Holmshaw, M. (2008, June). EMDR & CBT work equally well for psychological trauma – Why?. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The use of EMDR, CBT or a combination of the two, in managing psychological ill health following road Traffic
Accidents (RTA): The Results and analysis of 1100 consecutive referrals. This paper determines the role of
trauma-focused psychological treatment in the management of psychological ill health following road traffic
accidents in the UK. RTA’s are the biggest cause of PTSD in this country. All consecutively referred patients with
possible psychological ill-health following a RTA were offered a comprehensive psychological assessment by an
established provider of trauma services in the UK. Those with significant psychological ill health were offered
trauma-focused psychological treatment, EMDR and/or CBT, in line with NICE (National Institute for Health and
Clinical Excellence) guidelines. During the psychological assessment a clinical diagnosis was made and a number
of psychometric scores were used. These comprised
1 DSM IV criteria for PTSD and illness severity,
2 General Health Questionnaire,
3 Impact of Event Scale,
4 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
Similar subjective and objective measurements were made after every fourth session of therapy and on
discharge. The results offer a breakdown of diagnoses, the number of patients who proceeded to treatment and
the type of treatment and outcome of such treatment. Of the 658 patients who proceeded to Trauma-focused
psychological treatment, patients had either EMDR by itself (31%), CBT by itself (36%) or a Combination of EMDR
and CBT (33%). Subjectively and objectively three out of four patients were completely relieved of their
symptoms or were much better. There was no significant difference between CBT and EMDR in terms of
treatment results. Closer analysis of the three subgroups revealed a number of variables which seemed to be
associated with failure of EMDR treatment and failure of CBT treatment. These variables will be discussed against
the background of the trauma focused CBT model of Clarke, D and Ehlers A, 2002. Recommendations will be made of ways to improve the outcome of EMDR Therapy and improving EMDR training.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Ostacoli, L. & Bertino, G. (2010, June). EMDR and drawing: A tool to integrate post-traumatic dissociation and overwhelming emotions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The difficulty of the management of overwhelming
emotions aid dissociative reactions are challenging for any EMUR
therapist dealing with complex traumas. As a complement
to the strategies already used in EMDR, drawing gives form to
The inner representations of the trauma, objectivizing it Thus the
person no longer relates only to something inside him/her, but
rather to something he/she can see and can concretely represent
and modify In the act of drawing, the patient makes an initial
reorganisation of the form of the trauma, and begins to differentiate
the adaptive ego, which has the tools and the ability to restructure
the experiences, and the traumatic emotional part that
suffers those experiences in a condition of Impotence and passivity
The person may rapidly access preverbal and motor-sensory
language, activating inborn creative skills. The use of this tool
enables us t0 access the traumatic material gently, limiting dissociative
reactions, bypassing avoidance and flight behaviour and
setting a distance from pan by objectivizing . A protective space
is created between the self and the part that holds the suffering.
p i n g a voice to the inner child. The patient is offered the possibility
of drawing what is occurring in the self's here and now, and given a choice of different graphic materials. At the end of the
drawing and assessment phase the person is asked to note what
has emerged, and a brief space of time may be allowed for description
without interpretation. The represented Image is treated
as the inner image in the classic protocol. To start, the patent is
asked to focus on the drawing, on the negative cognition and
on the bodily location of the emotional disorder, while bilateral
stimulation is applied. At the end of each set, the patient is asked
what he/she has noticed and the therapist verifies where the person
now is in the re-elaboration. If there is a change the person
may either work on the drawing, modifying it, or, if the change of
image is radical, may produce another drawing. After several sets,
an adaptive drawing emerge5 that may be installed as a resource.
The report presents the use of the tool in various psychopathological
conditions, with the support of video and graphic materials,
particularly focusing on how to manage dissociation.
Learning objectives:
1.To learn the use of drawing as a supplementary tool, through
graphic and video material of clinical cases.
2. To recognise the indications in which it provides added value
to the classical protocol.
3. to learn its use in various psychopathological conditions,
with particular emphasis on dissociative states.
The use of drawing as a supplementary tool within the EMDR
protocol gives form to the inner representation of the trauma, objectivising
it, and creates a bridge of communication between the
self and the blocked parts, after which it will be possible to return
to desensitizing and re-elaboration with the standard protocol.
Keywords: Dissociation Drawing Emotion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Kail, J. (2001). EMDR and motor vehicle accident (MVA) trauma. John Kail, Creative Strategies.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Fortunately, Carol’s doctor recognized that she was suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD). The doctor also felt that Carol could get a quick and lasting resolution to her problem with Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Referring her to a mental health professional that
utilized this technique, Carol was again able to drive comfortable and easily after just three sessions.
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accident MVA Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Schneider, J., Hofmann, A., Rost, C., & Shapiro, F. (2007). EMDR and phantom limb pain: Theoretical implications, case study, and treatment guidelines. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 31-45. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.31.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reviews the literature on EMDR treatment of somatic complaints and describes the application of Shapiro's Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model in the treatment of phantom limb pain. The case study explores the use of EMDR with a 38-year-old man experiencing severe phantom limb pain 3 years after the loss of his leg and part of his pelvis in an accident. Despite treatment at several rehabilitation and pain centers during the 3 years, and the use of opiate medication, he continued to experience persistent pain. After 9 EMDR treatment sessions, the patient's phantom limb pain was completely ablated, and he was taken off medication. Effects were maintained at 18-month follow-up. The clinical implications of this application of EMDR are explored. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Adults AIP Amputation Case Report Depressive Disorders Males Motor Traffic Accidents Pain Phantom Limb Physical Pain Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Epozdemir, P., Haciomeroglu, S., & Konuk, E. (2012, June). EMDR and treatment of stuttering: Towards a protocol [EMDR y el tratamiento del tartamudeo: Hacia un protocolo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Stuttering can be defined in general terms as disturbance in the fluency of speech. Stuttering shows itself with psychological
reactions as abstaining from talking, being afraid of making mistakes and with motor reactions as tics in different parts of the body, elongations,
repetitions of the words and hesitations. In addition stuttering people are often observed to avoid speaking in certain situations, with certain
people, showing social anxiety, high levels of distress and muscle contractions before and/or while speaking. They are also noted to experience
relational difficulties and poor quality of life related to all the above factors.
Even though there are different etiological approaches for stuttering, we observe that people with stuttering problem have early childhood
traumas. Throughout their lives, other traumatic events, mostly related to stuttering; feelings of humiliation, inadequacy, rejection and others
worsen the problem. According to our limited number of cases working with those traumas significantly decreases our clients’ social anxiety
and this improvement is positively reflected to the fluency of their speech.
In this workshop, we will first give general information about stuttering and its etiology, emphasize how relations are organized around
stuttering and with video clips we will present how we approach the treatment of stuttering from an EMDR perspective.
En términos generales, se puede definir el tartamudeo como una alteración en la fluidez del lenguaje. El tartamudeo se
manifiesta a través de reacciones psicológicas tales como abstenerse de hablar, tener miedo de equivocarse y con reacciones motrices como
tics en distintas partes del cuerpo, prolongaciones, repeticiones de las palabras y vacilaciones. Es más, a menudo se observa que las personas
que sufren del tartamudeo evitan hablar durante ciertas situaciones, con algunas personas en particular; muestran ansiedad social, niveles
altos de estrés, y contracciones musculares antes y/o mientras hablan. También se ve que sufren dificultades con las relaciones y una mala
calidad de vida relacionada con los factores previamente mencionados.
Si bien existen planteamientos etiológicos distintos para tratar el tartamudeo, hemos observado que los individuos con problemas de
tartamudeo han sufrido eventos traumáticos en la infancia. A lo largo de sus vidas, otros sucesos traumáticos, en su mayoría relacionados
con el tartamudeo; sentimientos de humillación, ineptitud, rechazo y otros empeoran el problema. En nuestra experiencia limitada, el trabajo
con estos sucesos traumáticos disminuye significativamente la ansiedad social de nuestros clientes y dicha mejoría se refleja positivamente
en la fluidez de su habla.
En este taller, empezaremos por ofrecer información general acerca del tartamudeo y su etiología; señalaremos cómo se organizan las
relaciones entorno al tartamudeo y, con vídeos, presentaremos nuestra forma de afrontar el tratamiento del tartamudeo desde la perspectiva
de EMDR.
Keywords: Stuttering
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Renssen, M. (1998, July). EMDR and victims of motor vehicle accidents. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Special attention will be focused on: 1) treatment aspects of EMDR and motor vehicle accident victims; 2) phobic complaints; and 3) psychosomatic complaints.
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accident Phobic Complaints Psychosomatic Complaints
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Fernandez, I. (2008, June). EMDR as an elective treatment with children survivors of mass disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper describes the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with children involved in
mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked). EMDR treatment was part of a
comprehensive treatment with the population and was the elective treatment for the children of elementary
schools which were the most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were
organized at one month, three months and a year from the critical event. Individual sessions were used for the
school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and
sibling. Psychological support and EMDR treatment were provided to parents and school personnel and this
aspect has been considered in the last interventions fundamental to enhance treatment results in children.
Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess post-traumatic symptomatology before and after
treatment will be shown, along with follow up data. Treatment group show a significant improvement after
EMDR treatment. Statistical analysis of results will be discussed. The author will highlight clinical aspects of using
EMDR with children following recent trauma of great magnitude. The post-traumatic stress reactions of this
group in developmental age will be discussed. EMDR treatment for parents and other adults involved in the
disaster has proved to be critical when dealing with children’s symptomatology. Guidelines and indications for
structured interventions coming from our field studies will be presented.
Keywords: Children Elective Treatment Mass Disasters Recent Events Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Post, L. L. (2000, September). EMDR case study: Micronesia. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(3), 4-5.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
As a physician board-certified in Psychiatry,
Addiction Medicine, Addiction
Psychiatry, Sexology, Traumatology, and with
credentials in Massage Therapy, EMDR, and
as a Forensic Examiner, I have worked in
almost every practice setting imaginable and
with a broad variety of patients. Having been
based from a hospital, community clinic,
halfway-house residence, private office,
Veterans Administration Medical Center,
training institution, and doing outreach on the
streets, I am clinically familiar with the
behavioral challenges of children, adolescents,
young adults, old adults, couples, families, and
groups manifesting acute symptoms and
exacerbations of chronic disorders, with and
without chemical dependency, physical
problems, and sociological impairments. I like
to teach trainees, do interactive lectures, travel
and experience ‘difference.’ It is thus that I
have found myself a settled homeowner on
Saipan, a Manhattan-sized island that, as part
of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands (U.S.), is the farthest-flung American
overseas possession. Always the outsider; here
among the various tan tones of complexion
found among the indigenous of the western
Pacific, I have experimented with several
interventional strategies, both to establish
rapport and some trust and also to start creating
that unique and culturally competent treatment
modality that will foster growth among my
patients. Cognitive-behavioral approaches
generally work better than insight-oriented
ones because of the ‘here-and-now’ mindset
of Chamorros, Carolinians, Yapese, Chukese,
Pohnpeians, Kosraeans, and Filipinos who
comprise the population base here. Let me
briefly discuss one fascinating case. Twenty two
year old Chamolinian woman, married and
with three young children was involved in a
minor motor vehicle accident. This accident was
a spinoff of a more serious one primarily
involving two other vehicles. In a large truck
(Toyota T100), she was not hurt, and the two
children riding with her were also unharmed.
Keywords: Case Study Micronesia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Ribchester, T., Yule, W., & Duncan, A. (2010). EMDR for childhood PTSD after road traffic accidents: Attentional, memory, and attributional processes. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), 138-147. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.4.138.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was used with 11 children who developed posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) after road traffi c accidents. All improved such that none met criteria for
PTSD on standardized assessments after an average of only 2.4 sessions. Signifi cant improvements in
PTSD, anxiety, and depression were found both immediately after treatment and at follow-up. Attentional,
memory, and attributional processes associated with PTSD were assessed and their relationship to therapeutic
change examined. Treatment was associated with a signifi cant trauma-specifi c reduction in attentional
bias on the modifi ed Stroop task, with results apparent both immediately after therapy and at
follow-up.
Keywords: Attention Attribution Child Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Blore, D. (2009). EMDR for mining and related trauma: The underground trauma protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 215-232). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The author has been providing EMDR to traumatized miners since 1993. As with other specialized client groups, the Single Trauma (STP) and Recent Trauma Protocol (RTP) have required modifications. The author has collated the modifications made, and presented them here as the Underground Trauma Protocol (UTP). The UTP is intended to provide a rapid and effective method of conducting EMDR with traumatized miners and other similar, very specific, client groups. The principal use of the UTP is for traumatized miners of coal, gold, nickel, gems, and so forth. It has also been used with the following populations: traumatized tunnelers (e.g., excavators of tunnels in both war and peace); those traumatized in rail accidents in tunnels (e.g., fire in Channel Tunnel, Kings Cross tube fire); those traumatized in underground leisure pursuits (e.g., exploration of caves, pot holing); those traumatized by being trapped (e.g., in collapsed buildings as in Turkish earthquakes); and those traumatized during 9/11 in New York and the 7/7 bombings in London. The author recommends that the treatment of this client group only be undertaken by fully trained EMDR clinicians who have experience with modifying protocols and existing clinical experience of using cognitive interweave. The Underground Trauma Protocol Script is provided. [PsycINFO Datab]
Keywords: Disasters Mining Trauma Underground Trauma Underground Trauma Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Hofmann, A., & Solomon, R. (2009). EMDR in der behandlung akut traumatisierter [EMDR in the treatment of acutely traumatized]. In A. Hofmann, N. Galley, & R. A. Solomon, EMDR – Therapie psychotraumatischer Belastungssyndrome, 2 Tabellen, (4., unveränd. Aufl.) (pp 107-114 ) Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag KG.
Language: German
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Mit den zunehmenden Erfahrungen und Forschungsergebnissen
im Bereich psychotraumatischer
Reaktionen gelangte in den Jahren nach
der Entwicklung der Konzepte über die chronischen
traumatischen Störungen auch der Bereich
der akuten Traumatisierungen in das Blickfeld
systematischer Studien und Interventionsversuche.
So wurden zunehmend diagnostische und
therapeutische Konzepte entwickelt, in denen versucht
wird, Opfern von z. B. krimineller Gewalt,
schweren Unfällen oder kritischen Zwischenfällen
im polizeilich/militärischen Bereich bereits kurz
nach den traumatischen Ereignissen hilfreich zur
Seite zu stehen und – wenn möglich – sogar die
Entwicklung schwerer Störungen zu verhindern.
Als günstig erwies sich dabei, dass sich die
Mehrzahl der Opfer akuter Traumatisierungen innerhalb
einer Zeit von mehreren Wochen bis Monaten
ohne äußeres therapeutisches Eingreifen
spontan erholen und das Ereignis seelisch bewältigen
können (Rothbaum u. Foa 1993).
Als problematisch zeigte sich aber einerseits die
Vielfalt möglicher Symptome direkt nach einem
traumatischen Ereignis, andererseits der zunehmende
Übergang in eine posttraumatische Symptomatik
(aber auch andere) bei einer meist
kleineren Gruppe der Traumatisierten (Orner u.
Schnyder 2003).
Forscherische und therapeutische Bemühungen
versuchen derzeit, die Gruppe der Traumaopfer,
die ein erhöhtes Risiko haben könnten, später eine
posttraumatische Störung zu entwickeln, zu identifizieren
und ihnen – wenn möglich – schon frühzeitig
gezielt Hilfe zukommen zu lassen.
Auf der anderen Seite wird so versucht, die
Traumaopfer, bei denen eine Bewältigung des
traumatischen Ereignisses ohne spezifische therapeutische
Hilfe erwartet werden kann, nicht unnötig
zu pathologisieren, ihnen aber ausreichend
Unterstützung und Hilfe zu gewähren, sodass sie
den Verarbeitungsvorgang ohne äußere Irritationen
abschließen können (Fischer et al. 1998).
Diese diagnostischen und therapeutischen Forschungen
sind derzeit noch in vollem Gange, gesicherte
Forschungsergebnisse liegen bisher nur in
wenigen Bereichen der Behandlung akuter Traumatisierungen
vor (Barre u. Biesold 2002, Orner u.
Schnyder 2003, Yehuda 1998). Dennoch liegen bereits
Modellrechnungen der Kostenträger vor, die
belegen, dass frühe, fundierte Interventionsansätze
bei akut Traumatisierten (z. B. Überfallopfern)
erhebliche Kosteneinsparungen der Kostenträger
bewirken (Wiessmann 2002).
Angesichts der großen Zahl der täglich bei
schweren Unfällen oder Verbrechen akut traumatisierten
Menschen, die derzeit mit einer Vielzahl
empirisch wenig validierter Konzepte behandelt
werden müssen, wird der hohe Handlungsdruck
einerseits, die Einschränkung vieler der folgenden
Anhaltspunkte für therapeutische Intervention andererseits,
deutlich.
Auch Hinweise und Empfehlungen bezüglich
eines Einsatzes der EMDR-Methode bei diesen Patienten
sollten mit diesen Einschränkungen verstanden
werden. Auch wenn es einige erste Hinweise
auf einen erfolgversprechenden Einsatz der
EMDR-Methode bei akut Traumatisierten gibt, so
sollte eine Therapie mittels EMDR in einen umfassenden,
z. B. dynamisch-behavioralen, Behandlungsplan
dieser Patienten eingebettet werden
(Bisson 2003, McNally u. Solomon 1999). Weiterhin
sollte der systematische Einsatz der EMDR-Methode
derzeit – wenn irgend möglich – an hohen
Qualitätsstandards orientiert und forschungsmäßig
evaluiert werden, um die Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung
bezüglich bestimmter Patientengruppen
sowie den optimalen Einsatzzeitpunkt konfrontierender
Verfahren systematisch verbessern zu können.
With increasing experience and research results
in the field of psycho-traumatic
Responses came in the years after
the development of concepts about the chronic
traumatic disorders, the area
of acute trauma in the field of view
systematic studies and intervention trials.
Thus, more diagnostic and
therapeutic concepts developed in which attempts are
is, for example, victims of criminal violence,
serious accidents or critical incidents
the police / military shortly
after the traumatic events to help
Page is available and - if possible - even the
to prevent development of severe disorders.
Proved to be favorable, that the
Most of the victims of acute trauma in
a period of several weeks to months
without an external therapeutic intervention
spontaneously recover and cope with the emotional event
can (Rothbaum and Foa 1993).
One problem was but one part of the
Variety of possible symptoms immediately after a
traumatic event, on the other hand, the increasing
Transition to a post-traumatic symptoms
(And others) usually at a
smaller group of traumatized (and Orner
Schnyder 2003).
Research and therapeutic efforts
currently trying the group of trauma victims,
an increased risk could later
to develop post-traumatic disorder to identify
them and - if possible - early
to be targeted to come help.
On the other hand, will attempt to
Trauma victims, where a managing
traumatic event without specific therapeutic
Assistance can be expected not unnecessarily
pathologization them but enough
to provide support and assistance so that they
the processing operation without external irritation
can conclude (Fischer et al. 1998).
These diagnostic and therapeutic research
are still in full swing, secured
Research results are presently available in
few areas of acute trauma
and before (Barre and Biesold 2002, Orner
Schnyder 2003, Yehuda 1998). Nevertheless, there are already
Model calculations of the cost modes, in the
Demonstrating that early, in-depth intervention approaches
in acute trauma (such as assault victims)
significant cost savings for payers
cause (Wiesmann 2002).
Given the high volume of daily at
serious accidents or crimes acutely traumatized
People currently with a variety
empirically validated concepts treated less
must be the high pressure to act
one hand, the restriction of many of the following
Indications for therapeutic intervention on the other,
significantly.
Also advice and recommendations regarding
of using the EMDR method in these patients
should understand these limitations
be. Although there are some initial indications
a promising application of
EMDR method in acutely traumatized people are so
should be a therapy using EMDR in a comprehensive,
such as dynamically-behavioral, treatment plan
these patients are embedded
(Bisson 2003, McNally and Solomon 1999). Furthermore,
should be the systematic use of the EMDR method
now - if possible - to high
Quality standards and research-oriented terms
is assessed to the benefit / risk ratio
with respect to specific patient groups
and the optimal use time of confrontational
Method to improve systematically.
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., Montero, M., & Lopez-Lena, L. (2008). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with child victims of a mass disaster. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 97-105. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.97.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment protocol (EMDR-IGTP) has been used in different parts of the world since 1998 with both adults and children after natural or man-made disasters. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model, thus providing more extensive reach than the individual application of EMDR. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 16 bereaved children after a human provoked disaster in the Mexican State of Coahuila in 2006. Results showed a significant decrease in scores on the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale that was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Although controlled research is needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention, preliminary results suggest that EMDR-IGTP may be an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale critical incidents (e.g., human-provoked disasters, terrorism, natural disasters. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Children Death of Parent Explosions Females Group Psychotherapy Group Treatment Human-Provoked Disaster Industrial Accidents Latin American Males Mexicans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors School Age Children Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. Braun, R., & Braun, A. (2002, Mai). EMDR mit Babies nach einem Verkehrsunfall – zwei Fallberichte [EMDR with babies after a traffic accident - two case reports]. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der EMDR Europe Association, Frankfurt, Deutschland.
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Chairs: Sochaczewski, E. & Meusers, M.
Keywords: Case Report Children Motor Vehicle Accident
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Gonzalez, A., & & Mosquera, D. (2012). EMDR y disociación. El enfoque progresivo [EMDR and dissociation: The progressive approach]. Madrid, Spain: Ediciones Pleyades.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book
Abstract:
Durante las últimas dos décadas, el EMDR se ha convertido en una opción de primera línea para el tratamiento de trastornos de estrés postraumático asociados a la exposición de eventos traumáticos, como accidentes, catástrofes naturales o desastres creados por el hombre. Mientras tanto, los clínicos han visto que la aplicación de EMDR es útil en el tratamiento de pacientes que han sufrido episodios emocionalmente traumáticos, descritos por ellos como característicos de su familia de origen, su historia personal y sus relaciones de apego. Un gran número de investigaciones y publicaciones han examinado en profundidad la eficacia de EMDR en este campo de trabajo de la psicoterapia. Por lo tanto, el EMDR está siendo utilizando cada vez más por los clínicos, trabajando con personas que sufren de traumas crónicos vinculados a relaciones interpersonales traumáticas.
Es de sobra conocido que, en los primeros años de vida, las interacciones con los demás dan lugar a conexiones importantes en el cerebro, que progresivamente influyen en la sensación interna que tenemos de nosotros mismos y la capacidad de tener relaciones sanas con el mundo exterior. Las experiencias de relaciones con las figuras de apego durante la infancia temprana pueden ayudar a desarrollar la autorregulación emocional y contribuir a la formación de patrones cognitivos, conductuales y emocionales. La investigación sobre el apego ha demostrado que son estas relaciones las que influyen en el desarrollo de la capacidad de equilibrar las emociones, establecer intimidad interpersonal, así como de la capacidad de autorreflexión y mentalización. Además, es evidente que la comunicación interpersonal y emocional dentro de la familia de origen puede sentar las bases para el desarrollo de recursos, el sentirse valioso y la resiliencia cuando uno está bajo una fuerte tensión emocional, fomentando por tanto la salud mental.
During the past two decades, EMDR has become a first line option for the treatment of PTSD associated with exposure to traumatic events such as accidents, natural disasters or man-made disasters. Meanwhile, clinicians have found that the application of EMDR is useful in treating patients who have suffered emotionally traumatic events described by them as characteristic of their family of origin, personal history and their attachment relationships. A lot of research and publications have examined in depth the effectiveness of EMDR in this field of work of psychotherapy. Therefore, EMDR is being used increasingly by clinicians, working with people suffering from chronic trauma related to interpersonal trauma. It is well known that in the first years of life, interactions with others lead to important connections in the brain that progressively influence the internal sense of ourselves and the ability to have healthy relationships with the outside world . The experiences of relationships with attachment figures in early childhood may help develop emotional self-regulation and contribute to the formation of cognitive patterns, behavioral and emotional problems. The attachment research has shown that it is these relationships that influence the development of the ability to balance emotions, establish interpersonal intimacy and the capacity for self-reflection and awareness. It is also clear that interpersonal and emotional communication within the family of origin may lay the foundation for the development of resources, to feel valued and resilience when one is under emotional stress, thus promoting mental health.
Keywords: Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Bertino, G., & Ostacoli, L. (2011, June). EMDR-drawing integration in the treatment of complex PTSD and severe organic diseases. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
As a complement to the strategies already used in EMDR, drawing gives form to the inner representations of the trauma, objectivising it. Thus the person no longer relates only to something inside him/her, but rather to something he/she can see and can concretely represent and modify. In the act of drawing, the patient makes an initial reorganisation of the form of the trauma, and begins to differentiate the adaptive ego, which has the tools and the ability to restructure the experiences, and the traumatic emotional part that suffers those experiences in a condition of impotence and passivity. The person may rapidly access preverbal and motor-sensory language, activating inborn creative skills. The use of this tool enables us to access the traumatic material gently, limiting dissociative reactions, bypassing avoidance and flight behaviour and setting a distance from pain by objectivising it. A protective space is created between the self and the part that holds the suffering.
The patient is offered the possibility of drawing what is occurring in the self’s here and now, and given a choice of different graphic materials. At the end of the drawing and assessment phase the person is asked to note what has emerged, and a brief space of time may be allowed for description without interpretation. The represented image is treated as the inner image in the classic protocol. To start, the patient is asked to focus on the drawing, on the negative cognition and on the bodily location of the emotional disorder, while bilateral stimulation is applied. At the end of each set, the patient is asked what he/she has noticed and the therapist verifies where the person now is in the re-elaboration. If there is a change the person may either work on the drawing, modifying it, or, if the change of image is radical, may produce another drawing. After several sets, an adaptive drawing emerges that may be installed as a resource.
The workshop focuses on the treatment of two clinical conditions, complex PTSD and severe medical diseases, with the support of video and graphic materials. It includes a practical experience of the Technique
Learning objectives:
To learn the use of drawing as a supplementary tool, through graphic and video material of clinical cases.
To recognise the indications in which it provides added value to the classical protocol.
To learn its use in various psychopathological conditions, with particular emphasis on dissociative states and severe medical diseases.
The use of drawing as a supplementary tool within the EMDR protocol gives form to the inner representation of the trauma, objectivising it, and creates a bridge of communication between the self and the blocked parts, after which it will be possible to return to desensitising and re-elaboration with the standard protocol.
Keywords: Drawing Integration Organic Disease Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex-PTSD C-PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Eschenroder, C. T. (2003). EMDR. La nuova tecnica sul movimento guidato degli occhi che fa superare traumi, fobie e ansia [EMDR. The new technique on the guided movement of the eyes that overcomes trauma, phobias and anxiety]. Red Edizioni, collana L'altra medicin, Libreria Universitaria.
Language: Italian
Format: Book
Abstract:
Emdr è una nuova psicoterapia che mediante precisi movimenti degli occhi, guidati dalle dita del terapeuta, permette in poco tempo di superare positivamente i traumi dovuti a esperienze particolarmente dolorose: incidenti gravi, abusi, violenze. Ma il suo campo di intervento si è ora allargato fino a comprendere le fobie, gli attacchi di panico, i disturbi dell'alimentazione, le tossicodipendenze.
EMDR is a psychotherapy that new form of specific eye movements, led by the fingers of the therapist, brings us quickly to overcome the traumas caused by positive experiences particularly painful accidents, abuse, violence. But its field of action has now expanded to include phobias, panic attacks, eating disorders, drug addiction.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Quinn, G. (2009). Emergency response procedure. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 271-276). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was initially developed to help victims within hours of a terrorist attack, but can be applied in the immediate aftermath of any trauma. Patients may present with "silent terror," shaking and inability to speak, or if they are verbal, often they are in a highly agitated state. The procedure has been used in the emergency room and during hospitalization. It is also appropriate for immediate intervention at the scene of critical incidents such as car accidents, earthquakes, natural or man-made disasters, and in ambulances. While taking an initial history, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR, ERP can be put into effect if patients suddenly abreact. This procedure presumes familiarity with the Standard EMDR Protocol of which it is an adaptation. Clinicians highly experienced in dealing with patients immediately after a traumatic event—who are not familiar with EMDR—will still benefit from this report. Note: This procedure has not received official sanctioning from the EMDR Institute and has not been validated by research. This procedure can only be considered after all medical needs have been evaluated or treated. The Emergency Response Procedure Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Emergency Response Procedure Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Ogden, P. (2004, September). Empowering the body: Somatic awareness and physical action in the treatment of trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The repetitive traumatic patterns our clients come to us to change are not only psychological but somatic, clearly reflected in posture, energy level, movement, regulation of arousal and other physical attributes. Changing these patterns cannot be accomplished by insight alone. The procedural memory that keeps such behaviors and dissociative patterns in in place must be addressed. A body-oriented approach is indicated that facilitates new actions and addresses dissociative symptoms, including somaticcomponents of traumatic memories (e.g., pain, analgesia, and motor inhibitions) and avoidance-related symptoms such as bodily anesthesia. Sensorimotor Psychotherapy emphasizes practicing new actions and building other somatic resouces to mitigate symptoms and develop a somatic sense of self. In this workshop, somatic interventions that can be integrated into existing clinical skills will be taught and illustrated through excerpts of videotaped therapy sessions and brief experiential exercises.
Keywords: Dissociation Somatism Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. Blore, D. C., Farrell, D., & Clifford, C. (2008, June). The experience of post traumatic growth amongst road traffic accidents victims who have completed EMDR treatment: A status report on research. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Conference, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
According to Tedeschi & Calhoun (1995; 2004 and 2006), Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) consists of five ‘domains’:
discovery of new possibilities in life; improvements in relating to others; an increased sense of personal strength;
greater appreciation of life and spiritual changes. The first author’s experience of treating Road Traffic Accidents
(RTA) victims with Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR) suggests that the experience of PTG is
far wider and more complicated than Tedeschi & Calhoun’s domains. This paper reports on the current status of
a study whose aim is to identify PTG that may be occurring at any point from the immediate aftermath of an RTA
through to completion of EMDR. The study so far consists of 11 interviews utilising an Interpretative
Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology. So far well over 50 PTG themes have emerged although only the
first hermeneutical analysis has been completed on the interviews analysed so far, it is currently difficult,
therefore, to establish the degree of ‘theme overlap’. However, new themes include growth ‘by proxy’ (growth in
those who have come into contact with the participants, but who have not themselves been traumatised by the
RTA); somewhat paradoxically, ‘pre-trauma growth’ apparently activated by a subsequent RTA; and a ‘cascade’ of
growth attributed to events subsequent to the initial trauma (such as the EMDR and the EMDR therapist). Some
implications of these themes are also discussed, particularly in relation to EMDR.
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Brown, S. H., Stowasser, J. E., & Shapiro, F. (2011). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR): Mental health-substance use. In D. B. Cooper (Ed.), Intervention in Mental Health-Substance Use (pp. 165-193) United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd .
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Substance use disorders remain a persistent social and medical problem. According to a
recent report,1 addiction is the number one health problem in the United States. The report
notes that when one considers the direct costs of drug-induced health problems, deaths due
to accidents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or drug-related acts of violent crime,
there are ‘more deaths, illnesses and disabilities from substance abuse than from any other
preventable health condition’.1
Most experts today agree that substance use disorders are a complex interaction
between genetics, environment, and experience. ‘Substance dependence is not a failure of
will or of strength of character, but a medical disorder that could affect any human being.
Dependence is a chronic and relapsing disorder, often co-occurring with other physical
and mental conditions’.2
The question remains - Why has it been that over the course of human history,
where people and cultures have had access to alcohol and potent mind-altering substances,
that only some become addicted while the rest are able to regulate their use?
The drugs that people experiencing substance use disorders select are not chosen
randomly, but are a result of an interaction between the psychopharmacologic action of the
drug and the dominant painful feelings with which they struggle. Edward Khantzian,
observed that opiates are often preferred because of their powerful numbing action on the
affects of rage and aggression. Cocaine has its appeal because of its ability to relieve
distress associated with depression. Although ill-fated, ‘addicts discover that the short-term
effects of their drugs of choice help them cope with distressful subjective states and an
external reality otherwise experienced as unmanageable or overwhelming’. Thus emerges a compelling hypothesis, which proposes that people use psychoactive substances in an
attempt to control painful symptoms resulting from psychological trauma. This is referred
to as ‘self-medication’.
Some studies in the United States show that more than 50% of people with mental
disorders also suffer from substance dependence compared to 6% of the general
population.2 It is from our interest in providing integrated treatment for the complex
interaction of genes, environment, trauma, and psychological pain as a driving force behind
mental health-substance use disorders, that this chapter is written.
Keywords: Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. Montgomery, R. W., & Ayllon, T. (1994, March). Eye movement desensitization across images: A single case design. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 23-28. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90059-0 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The use of eye movement desensitization (EMD) was investigated in a multiple baseline across two images. The subject was diagnosed as suffering from PTSD and had suffered from two distinct traumas which continued to generate intrusive disturbing images. Dependent variables included self-report information (Subjective Units of Distress, behavioral symptoms reports) and physiological data (heart rate and systolic blood pressure). Subjective and physiological data both demonstrated significant changes during the course of treatment which were maintained at a 2-month follow-up. This study represents the first investigation of EMD with multiple images within a single subject experimental design. Findings suggest that generalization across the images under investigation was not demonstrated. EMD treatment gains were clinically significant. However, the immediate and profound effects often cited in the literature were not demonstrated. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Americans Assault Case Report Females Longitudinal Study Middle Aged Motor Traffic Accidents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2010, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Retrieved from http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/ViewIntervention.aspx?id=199 on 3/25/2011.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a one-on-one form of psychotherapy that is designed to reduce trauma-related stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to improve overall mental health functioning. Treatment is provided by an EMDR therapist, who first reviews the client's history and assesses the client's readiness for EMDR. During the preparation phase, the therapist works with the client to identify a positive memory associated with feelings of safety or calm that can be used if psychological distress associated with the traumatic memory is triggered. The target traumatic memory for the treatment session is accessed with attention to image, negative belief, and body sensations. Repetitive 30-second dual-attention exercises are conducted in which the client attends to a motor task while focusing on the target traumatic memory and then on any related negative thoughts, associations, and body sensations. The most common motor task used in EMDR is side-to-side eye movements that follow the therapist's finger; however, alternating hand tapping or auditory tones delivered through headphones can be used. The exercises are repeated until the client reports no emotional distress. The EMDR therapist then asks the client to think of a preferred positive belief regarding the incident and to focus on this positive belief while continuing with the exercises. The exercises end when the client reports with confidence comfortable feelings and a positive sense of self when recalling the target trauma. The therapist and client review the client's progress and discuss scenarios or contexts that might trigger psychological distress. These triggers and positive images for appropriate future action are also targeted and processed. In addition, the therapist asks the client to keep a journal, noting any material related to the traumatic memory, and to focus on the previously identified positive safe or calm memory whenever psychological distress associated with the traumatic memory is triggered.
The underlying mechanism for how this process works to reduce trauma-related stress, anxiety, and depression is unknown. Researchers have theorized that the positive effect is due to adaptive information processing, the theoretical model behind EMDR. Through adaptive information processing, the dual-attention exercises disrupt the client's stored memory of the trauma to allow for an elimination of negative beliefs, emotions, and somatic symptoms associated with the memory as it connects with more adaptive information stored in the memory networks. Once recall of the trauma no longer elicits negative beliefs, emotions, or somatic symptoms and the memory simultaneously shifts to a more adaptive set of beliefs, emotions, and somatic responses, it is stored again, overwriting the original memory of the trauma.
EMDR is typically delivered in 60- to 90-minute sessions, although shorter sessions have been used successfully. The number of sessions varies with the complexity of the trauma being treated. For an isolated, single traumatic event, one to three sessions may be sufficient for treatment. However, when the trauma involves repeated traumatic events, such as combat trauma and physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, many more sessions may be needed for comprehensive treatment.
Keywords: Intervention Summary
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Renssen, M. R., & Winkel, F. W. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bij verkeersslachtoffers met chronische whiplash-klachten: Een exploratieve studie naar het verzachten va traumasymptomen [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in road casualties with chronic whiplash injuries: An exploratory study to alleviate symptoms of trauma]. Directieve Therapie, 19(4), 148-156. doi:10.1007/BF03060223.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Dit onderzoek bij verkeersslachtoffers met whiplash-klachten maakte deel uit van een omvangrijker studie naar de kwaliteit van hulpverlening aan slachtoffers van verkeersongevallen, in het kader van het Achmea-project ‘Kwaliteit Slachtofferhulp’. Gerapporteerd wordt een viertal gevalsbeschrijvingen van patiënten met chronische whiplash-klachten. Vier vrouwen die gemiddeld 22 maanden geleden bij een auto-ongeval betrokken waren, werden tweemaal anderhalf uur behandeld met Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Voor en na de behandeling werden de Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) en de Schokverwerkingslijst (SVL) afgenomen. Vergelijking van voor- en nameting toonde een duidelijke afname van klachten, onder meer op Herbeleving en Vermijding (SVL) en Somatisatie, Angst, Depressie, Slaapproblemen, Wantrouwen en Interpersoonlijke Sensitiviteit (SCL-90). Deze resultaten zijn hoopgevend: EMDR bleek bij te dragen aan een verzachting van traumasymptomen. In verder onderzoek zouden de effecten en onderliggende mechanismen van emdr bij een grotere groep chronische whiplash-patiënten bestudeerd moeten worden.
This study of road accident victims with whiplash injuries was part of a larger study on the quality of assistance to victims of traffic accidents, as part of the Achmea project 'Quality Victim'. Reported four case reports of patients with chronic whiplash injuries. Four women who averaged 22 months ago in a car accident, were two and a half hours with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Before and after treatment were the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Shock Treatment List (SVL) decreased. Comparison of pre-and post-test showed a significant reduction of complaints, including the re-experiencing and Avoidance (IES) and Somatization, Anxiety, Depression, Insomnia, Distrust, and Interpersonal Sensitivity (SCL-90). These results are encouraging: EMDR appeared to contribute to an alleviation of trauma symptoms. In further research, the effects and underlying mechanisms of EMDR in a larger group of chronic whiplash patients should be studied.
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Road Casualties Whiplash
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. Schneider, G., Nabavi, D., & Heuft, G. (2005, December). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in a patient with comorbid epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 7(4), 715-718. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.08.020.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Whether eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes reactivation of epilepsy is as yet unclear. A 34-year-old woman was treated in an inpatient multimodal psychotherapeutic setting with EMDR for PTSD resulting from sexual harassment and for a moderate depressive episode. She had been diagnosed with idiopathic generalized absence epilepsy in childhood, but had experienced no seizures under lamotrigine medication since 1999. After the second EMDR session, clinical seizures in the form of absences occurred, and were validated by electroencephalography. The seizures ceased after medication with benzodiazepines and an increase in the lamotrigine level. She underwent four more sessions of EMDR treatment successfully without further seizures. Possible triggers are discussed, especially as to whether EMDR treatment played a role in reactivating epilepsy. Further research and publications on the application of EMDR in epilepsy patients are needed.
Keywords: Adults Amputation Case Report Clinical Case Study Depressive Disorders Males Motor Traffic Accident Physical Pain Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Traffic Accident
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Coleman, G. L. (1999, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An investigational study of the eye movement component using a within-subject design. Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. AAT 9926476.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed psychotherapy treatment procedure which combines imaginal exposure with eye movements and is reported to dramatically reduce negative symptoms associated with trauma related psychological disturbances and memories. The author reviewed and analyzed the current literature regarding EMDR, and conducted a within-subject design investigating the importance of the eye movement component in the EMDR treatment protocol by comparing the efficacy of an eye movement treatment condition, with two non-eye movement treatment conditions. The use of two different control conditions allowed comparisons of the eye movement condition (EMDR), which involved bilateral stimulation of the brain, with exposure to memory of the trauma without eye movements (Eye-Focus Desensitization), which served as a placebo, and exposure to memory of the trauma with a competing motor activity (Single Hand Tapping), which represented unilateral stimulation of the brain. This study also employed a delayed treatment condition to investigate the overall effectiveness of EMDR in treating PTSD. The subject was a 53-year-old Caucasian female who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Dependent variables included a diagnostic instrument, which was the Structured Interview for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (SI-PTSD); global instruments, which included the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Impact of Events Scale (IES), and Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUDs); process measures, which included the Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUDs) and Validity of Cognition (VOC) scale; and a self-report measure of overall improvement, which was the Image Desensitization Rating Scale (IDRS).Results demonstrated support for the superiority of an eye movement condition over that of both a no-eye movement condition (EFD), and a competing motor activity of single hand tapping (SHT) on process variables (SUDs and VOC), but not on weekly global measures (IES, BAI, and SUDs) in the single subject studied. Also, this study found support for the effectiveness of EMDR (delayed treatment phase) in reducing symptoms of anxiety, intrusiveness and avoidance, and subjective distress related to memory of trauma as measured by BAI, IES, and SUDs, and also in alleviating DSM-IV symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder for this subject. Experimental single-subject studies, as well as group designs, need to investigate possible neurological and theoretical explanations for the effectiveness of EMDR in future research. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(4-B), Oct 1999, pp. 1846.
Keywords: Avoidance Case Report Empirical Study Females Intrusive Thoughts Middle Aged PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Quinn, G. (2005). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with victims of traffic accidents, suicide bus bombings, and terrorist attacks in Israel. Presentation at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Suicide Bombings Terrorist Attacks Traffic Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. Shapiro, F., & Solomon, R. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Neurocognitive information processing. In G. S. Everly (Ed.), Innovations in disaster and trauma psychology, volume one: applications in emergency services and disaster response (pp. 216-237). Ellicott City, MD: Chevron Publsing.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Topics Treated: Background; a neurocognitive perspective; accelerated information processing; case example 1: reintegrating the trauma into client's existing worldview; case example 2: reinterpreting the event as an "exception to the rule"; case example 3: unrealistic core assumption is violated. [Pilots]
Keywords: Adults Assault Males Motor Traffic Accidents Police Personnel Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. Shapiro, F. (1990, July). Eye movement desensitization procedure: A new treatment for anxiety. The California Psychologist, 18-19.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure is a recently developed rapid treatment for anxiety and traumatic memories. Although, according to the DSM-III, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops from a "psychologically traumatic event that is generally outside thr ange orusual human experience," many people are affected. Symptoms include nightmares, flashbacks and intrusive thoughts based on inidents of combat, rape, incest, accidents and natural disasters such as the 1989 Lom Prieta earthquake. Clinical experience has demonstrated that one to four sessions iwth EMD are sufficient to produce cessation of trauma-related anxiety and pronounced symtomatology suffered by victims of such events.
Keywords: Anxiety Commentary Hypnotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. Sanderson, A., & Carpenter, R. (1992, December). Eye movement desensitization versus image confrontation: A single-session crossover study of 58 phobic subjects. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 23(4), 269-275. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(92)90049-O.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization (EMD) and a control procedure, image confrontation (IC) were compared in a group of 58 phobics, 31 of them arachnophobes. [There were 7 cases of "traumatic phobia" and 1 of "classical PTSD."] Subjects confronted disturbing images in a single-session crossover trial. Anxiety levels were recorded on the SUD Scale. Whenever practicable, SUDs to feared objects were also recorded. EMD and IC were equally effective in reducing anxiety levels. After 1 month, during which subjects were encouraged to use IC daily, improvement was maintained. Since exposure to the disturbing image is common to both methods it must be presumed to be the basis of change when EMD is used in cases of phobia. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Accidents Adults British Dog Bites Exposure Therapy Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Kapoula, Z., Misset, P., Poncet, S., Bruneau, S., & Bucci, M. P. (2007, June). Eye movement patterns during the Rorschach test: Implications for EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is hypothesized that eye movements used in EMDR practice influence both memory and emotional state, some laboratory studies provide evidence for such influence (Christman et al, 2003, Neurobiology; Barrowcliff et al., J. Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 2004). From a neurophysiological point of view, it is also interesting to examine to what extent some eye movement parameters may be modulated by memory and emotions. For instance, it is well established that memory driven saccades in simplified laboratory tests, present different characteristics (longer preparation time, lower accuracy, lower velocity) than visually guided movement. During EMDR the eye movements (mostly pursuit) are elicited externally by the therapist, yet at the same time the patient is in touch mentally with the traumatic image and related negative emotions. The physiology of such movements might be different and this could be explored with specific studies. Another important issue is to what extent movements of the eyes are helpful in coding and retrieving visual images. Accordingly to scanpath theory, eye movements are cognitively driven by sensory and motor representation; repetitive eye movements to the same area of an image are attributed to checking if the image corresponds to what the observer imagines (Noton & Stack, 1971; Brandt & Stark, 1997). Future laboratory research could bring together such theories and EMDR psychotherapy, e.g., by examining spontaneous eye movements related to negative image.
In this conference, we will present preliminary data from a laboratory study on eye movement patterns during the Roschach test. Eight healthy students conducted the experiment. Seated in front of a computer screen, subjects were equipped with a binocular video eye tracker (Chronos) sampling eye position images from each eye every 4 msec. Instantaneous eye position data were stored on a computer and analyzed afterwards with laboratory software. Each are of the Roschach test was presented for 30 sec., after which, the experimenter (a psychologist) recorded the response given by the subject.
Analysis of eye movement patterns were examined in relation to subjective verbal reports.
Results: The first question asked was to what extent the eye movement pattern reflected the imaged projected by the subject or by the visual properties of the Rorschach image itself. To gain some insight, we concentrated on the cards for which our subjected gave no standard responses, thus very different from one subject to the other (e.g., card IX). Eye movement exploration (the surface of the image explored, its patiaol composition e.g. the resprctive proportion of horizontal versus vertical movements) was correlated with the verbal report and the specific mental imagery (larger surface, multiple focusing points when several personages or objects were imaged). This provides evident for top-down influence; the eyes are exploring the projective interpretative image; repetitive movements back and forth to same points which help in turn consolidate this mental imagery.
Psychological analysis of eye movements (saccades and fixation) was also made. Saccades are found to be as fast as when looking reflexively to single visual targets; during fixations, however, between saccades, the eyes were more instable, particularly the visual uses were crossing at different depths from one fixation to another. Further ongoing analysis will correlate fixation duration and depth instability to spatial and emotional content of the subjective report.
Keywords: Eye Movements Mechanism of Action Neurobiology Poster Rorschach Test
Accuracy Verified: Yes
60. Spector, J., & Huthwaite, M. (1993, July). Eye-movement desensitization to overcome post-traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163(1), 106-108. doi:10.1192/bjp.163.1.106.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A new treatment using a saccadic eye-movement desensitisation (EMD) procedure has recently been introduced to treat PTSD, a disorder that has been difficult to treat in the past. The treatment is claimed to be very rapid and successful. This paper reports the treatment of a woman with PTSD following a horrific road traffic accident using the EMD procedure. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: British Case Report Females Middle Aged Motor Traffic Accidents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. Fay, D., Corrigan, F. Fisher, J., Galloway, J., & Mcafee, F. (2010, April). An fMRI study of the integration of “Becoming safely embodied” and EMDR techniques for the de-activation of fear motor neurocircuitry. Symposium presented at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
An fMRI Study of the Integration of “Becoming Safely Embodied” and EMDR Techniques for the De-Activation of Fear Motor Neurocircuitry Frank Corrigan, Consulting Psychiatist, Argyll & Bute Hospital, Lochgilphead, Argyll This panel discussion explores brain imaging results using BSE skills activating left anterior insula intensified with alternating bilateral stimulation (ABS) from Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (Shapiro 1992). It suggests positive feelings associated with brain activations deactivate areas involved in motor responses to threat.
Keywords: Fear Motor Neurocircuitry fMRI Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. Malgiozzi, T., & Magliozzi, R. (2005, June 26). Form of post-traumatic stress disorder seen in accident victims. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Five Star, Business, K-12.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Your recent newspaper column regarding the person experiencing trauma after her Toyota was rear-ended by some guy going 70 mph invited me to add my thoughts: I am a psychologist in Minnesota and have treated a number of car-crash victims just like your reader. They are indeed suffering from a form of post-traumatic stress disorder, and can easily be helped by a therapeutic procedure called EMDR -- eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Don't ask me to explain how it works, but believe me, it does. I have treated car-crash victims, carjacking victims, rape victims and holdup victims with the same method of EMDR.
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Pittsburgh Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. Langwig, K. E. (2008, December). A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy on post-traumatic stress disorder car accident patients: A pilot study. Union College, Schenectady, N.Y.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a novel therapy that has been effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few studies have explored the neurological underpinnings of EMDR effectiveness. Utilizing a symptom provocation study design, this study assessed non-PTSD car accident patients. These pilot participants were scanned for comparison to PTSD patients and to explore the task design effectiveness for the future study of PTSD patients. One pilot participant exhibited activation in the left precuneus, and left medial temporal gyrus, and also in the left medial frontal gyrus. In PTSD patients the medial prefrontal cortex is often hypoactive, and inversely correlated with a hyperactive amygdala. The robust activation of medial frontal gyrus in the pilot subject with a corresponding inactivation of the amygdala indicates the participant's normal processing of the car accident trauma tic memories, and that task design and study parameters are being effectively implemented.
Keywords: Automobile Accidents Car Accidents fMRI Pilot Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
64. Pek, A., & Leahy, C. (2008, September). Genezen door EMDR [Healed by EMDR]. Psychologie Magazine, 30-33.
Language: Dutch
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
In een paar sessies van je trauma af: het kan met EMDR. Deskundigen breken zich het hoofd over een mogelijke verklaring. Het succes van een opmerkelijke behandelmethode. ...Een paar maanden geleden is Meriam van
haar fiets gereden door een automobilist die
vond dat ze niet snel genoeg opzij ging. Ze
had een hersenschudding en een gebroken pols. Dat
is allemaal goed genezen, maar sindsdien slaapt ze
slecht. Ze heeft concentratieproblemen, schrikt telkens
als ze een motor hoort optrekken, en ze durft
niet meer in de stad te fietsen.
In a few sessions of trauma you off: it can with EMDR. Experts racking their brains over a possible explanation. The success of a remarkable treatment method. ...A few months ago by Meriam
riding her bike by a motorist
thought she was not fast enough aside. They
had a concussion and a broken wrist. That
is all well healed, but since then she sleeps
bad. She has difficulty concentrating, always startled
when she hears an engine acceleration, and they dare
no longer in the city bikes.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Brivio, R., & Bergamaschi, L. (2008, January). Human and organizational aspects affecting the wellbeing in rescue-working activity: EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation: The role of training methods, practice and simulation for psychological risks prevention and management in emergency workers.. International Workshop Reinforce Rescuers' Resilience by Empowering a well-being Demension Workshop, Turin, Italy .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The wellbeing of rescuers: Relational, organizational and technical aspects that can affect rescuers' wellbeing during
rescue activities: Stress inoculation, role playing and the role of mirror neurons in training, also through the use of
video recordings. Relaxation techniques, psychological debriefing and EMDR in trainings.
Focus of our intervention is the wellbeing of the rescuer. The study and research
on this matter came and were carried out thanks to the activity done both during
trainings and simulations of the Civil Protection than real emergencies.
Our team work received contribution by some psychologists of OPP (Parma’s
Psychologists’ Observatory: A.Sozzi, E.Pedrelli, F.Frati, A. Bocelli, T. Serra). Wellbeing, defined as a subjective and positive emotional state together with a
global life satisfaction (Diener, 1984), is strongly at risk during rescuer’s
emergency activities and can affect the rescuer both physically and
psychologically. The rescuer's capabilities, that we think are technical “know how” and thorough
knowledge, are essential to give the best performance according to the complexity
and urgency of the intervention. These skills can really contribute to the rescuer's
wellbeing, because they can improve the self-efficiency perception.
To effectively manage and train rescuers, it is furthermore important to consider
and acknowledge the influence of interpersonal relationships on technical
performances. It is, in fact, particularly important to recognize and support the
typical relationships that can be created in a team with the same task and
specialization, as well as in multidisciplinary teams, or teams belonging to
different Institutions but operating in the same scenario.
In recent years increasing attention has been given to training activities, even through the use of the role play for interventions in artificial emergency
scenarios. To recreate scenarios of massive emergencies, different Civil Protection
Associations, as well as First Aid volunteer associations and the local
Institutions have been involved. In these simulations, most cases focus on improving technical performances.
Lately psychologists have been asked to join the rescuers team.
During these simulations, the role-play of emotional and psychological problems
occurs thanks to the cooperation between emergency psychologists and the
medical team. The introduction of the role and expertise of psychologists allowed to extend and
strengthen the attention to cross support and care aspects for the psychological
wellbeing of both victims and rescuers.
The psychologist must therefore consider the “wellbeing” in all the emergency
scenarios and contexts, as a sum of all the components that we talked about here
and the ones we will describe during our intervention.
He must first of all be aware of the complexity of each intervention in the field,
and adopt a kind of approach aimed at creating and recovering wellbeing
strategies, that can be used by himself as well.
Strategies on how to build, recover and maintain the wellbeing identify stress as
the first danger source the rescuer has to face in his training and emergency
activity.
When external events or stimuli are perceived as difficult to face compared with
resources available at that moment, the individual gets stressed.
When the person's efforts are not adaptive to the external requests and/or
coherent with his performance expectations, he becomes vulnerable to emotional,
behavioural, cognitive and physical reactions, which can be even very difficult to
manage both in the short and/or in the medium-long term.
This can happen when the sources of stress depend on the rescuer’s
performance, and it can also happen in case of post traumatic stress, visible in
different stages after the event.
From the psychologist's specialist background and from the integration of this
with the result of field experiences, the demand for a range of different tools to
manage the different kinds of stress emerges, and these tools must be applicable
both to the individual and to the group.
This range is still improving, and the results of our observational activity from
past and present experiences lead us to see the opportunity to carry on our
research of tools of efficacy.
During this speech we would like to underline that approaches like Stress
Inoculation Training (SIT, Michenbaum, 1983) and the use of role playing allow
the technical appraisal and let the rescuers improve their stress management
skills, and all that can lead to a decrease in the risk of PTSD.
In past simulations of emergencies, we found out that the use of videotapes for
the role plays is a tool that should be taken more into account. We think it is
important to evaluate its potential for the rescuers' benefit, because it seems to
be not only “a record of technical performances”, but also an observation and
learning tool about the rescuer's own defence and adaptive strategies.
In fact, during these simulations we found out that the rescuers' psychological
and emotional vulnerability emerged in several situations. The fact that even in these artificial situations there were acute stress episodes and O codes urged us
to focus more on the matter of mutual influence between technical performance
and internal experience of stress.
We understand that such acute stress episodes may occur during real life critical
events but we can see how role playing and video recordings show that such
acute stress episodes affected the simulators themselves even during the
simulation. The videos show that even apparently “high immunity” simulators,
who are considered 'immune' thanks to their comprehensive and strong
experience, experienced acute stress, perhaps because of an incorrect selfevaluation
of their own stress management skills.
The interest in the use of videos as a training and reprocessing tool for rescuers
led some of us to specialize in role playing recording, so as to carry out a more
accurate and comprehensive study on those same videos and use them as a
mirror of reality and better educational tool through a vicar experience or through
“seeing oneself from within the experience” and in the interpersonal dynamics
that took place in the scenario.
Videotapes are a very known and widely used tool in other kinds of trainings,
disciplines and therapies (i.e. Family Therapy and CBT).
The discovery of mirror neurons by Rizzolati, Gallese et Al., provides the evidence
that when someone observes the same action performed by another person, the
neurons "mirrors" the behaviour of that person, as though the observer were itself
acting. Thanks to these researchers it is now proven that this can happen
thanks to the motor neurons in the pre-motor cortex.
Therefore, we would like to underline the role of videos as very useful and
versatile training tools, since they expose a situation in an unexpected realistic
manner “as if” it were true and “as if” we were really experiencing that situation,
with the consequent learning movements at the emotional, cognitive and
behavioural level, at the stress management level, as well as at the level of team
work dynamics.
Visual imagination activates the same brain regions that are active during visual
perception and motor imagination activates the same brain regions activated the
movement is really happening.
More importantly, it was possible for us to verify that the videos recorded by other
operators were not focused on showing the important psychological aspects we
mentioned for the goal of the trainings, thing that happened instead with the
videos recorded by psychologists. We think therefore that the use of videotapes
recorded by psychologists should be given more consideration in the trainings of
rescuers. During this intervention we will devote part of the time to broadcasting
two short videos; the first one shows the role playing of an intervention in an
emergency context, and the second one shows a part of an EMDR session (Eye
Movement Desensitization Reprocessing). We think it is important to recreate and
protect rescuers wellbeing in the post-role playing and post emergency stages
too. For years EMDR has been proven effective in improving the individual's
coping skills and in reprocessing, wherever necessary, the post traumatic
aspects resulting from critical events to whom not only the victims, but also the rescuers too, are exposed during emergencies.
Keywords: Emergency Workers Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation Rescue-Working Activity Risk Prevention and Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. O'Malley, A. (2008, June). The impact of neglect and trauma on the developing infant brain and the implications for EMDR therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation starts with sensory development in pregnancy. By 22 weeks there is already a high level of
brain organisation with touch, taste, hearing and smell already well developed. Balance, vision and motor
development follow and the links to learning and states of consciousness are explained. The concept of birth as
our first traumatic experience is introduced and the implications for future EMDR therapy are discussed. Infant
brain development occurs sequentially implying vulnerabilities during the early years of life. This has a direct
relationship on attunement, which is influenced by developmental neglect and trauma. The effects of this trauma
for EMDR therapy are explored. New information about the probable mechanism of action of the bilateral
stimulation used in EMDR is presented. The mechanism of translating sensory input into new neuronal patterns is
explained. The hypothesis of a ‘window of tolerance’ in trauma is mentioned with the reasons why EMDR can help alleviate trauma by expanding the window of tolerance. The concept of a structural developmental model of
emotional awareness is explained with how this relates to trauma and a sense of self. The anatomical correlates
of emotional processing are suggested at both cortical and limbic system levels. Ways in which EMDR can be
modified in light of this knowledge are proposed. An additional model of applying EMDR is outlined. This involves
multilateral activation of sympathetic nervous systems to consciously overcome traumas. This process will be
shown to lead to brainstem stimulation activating the cranial nerves, which innervate the ocular muscles
generating rapid eye movement.
Keywords: Infantile Brain Development
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Pekkarinen, K. (2003, June). Implementation of comprehensive EMDR - Treatment for a case of serious traffic accident. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accident Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Luber, M. (2013). Implementing EMDR early mental health interventions for man-made and natural disasters: Models, scripted protocols and summary sheets. New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a method of psychotherapy that has been extensively researched and proven effective for the treatment of trauma. It is a set of standardized protocols incorporating elements from many different treatment approaches that has, to date, helped more than two million people relieve many types of psychological stress.
This book presents EMDR early-response intervention protocols for such traumatic events as earthquakes, mining accidents, tsunamis, and ongoing warfare. It also provides concise summary sheets to facilitate quick information retrieval in perilous circumstances.
The book is authored by several of the first generation of therapists who successfully employed EMDR as a clinical treatment for acute stress following massive trauma events. They vividly describe their experiences and the protocols and models they developed to respond to disaster. The book describes two of the most commonly used resources: the Butterfly Hug and the Four Elements Exercise for Stress Management.
Includes new information on acute stress, secondary PTSD, and vicarious traumatization growing out of interventions subsequent to natural disasters, warfare, and massacres in Turkey, Asia, the Middle East, South and Central America, and the United States. Interventions that can be put to use on site and posttrauma are presented for groups, including work with children, adolescents, and adults and with special populations.
Additionally the book addresses working with first responders such as firefighters, EMS workers, and others when using EMDR. It facilitates the gathering and organizing of client data and contains updated and new scripted protocols, as well as summary sheets from EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations and EMDR Scripted Protocols: Special Populations. Also included are templates for repeat use and an interactive PDF.
Key Features:
Provides EMDR early-intervention procedures for man-made and natural catastrophes
Addresses EMDR and early interventions for groups of all ages and special populations
Highlights international perspectives on how to organize a mental health response for recent traumatic events
Includes early-intervention scripts and summary sheets for individuals, groups, and special populations, as well as self-care scripts for clinicians
Offers concise summary sheets for quick information retrieval.
Keywords: Disasters Early Interventions Scripted Protocols Summary Sheets
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Blore, D. (2012). In search of the antonym to trauma: An eye movement desensitisation & reprocessing perspective on positive psychological changes after trauma. Saarbrücken, Germany: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH & Co.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book, derived from the author's PhD thesis, examines the lived experience of positive psychological changes following trauma. Negative changes, including psychiatric diagnoses, have understandably, been the focus of research for well over a century as the relief of suffering is probably the foremost role of the mental health practitioner worldwide. On the other hand, positive psychological change following trauma is a developing field for which there is no standard terminology. The plethora of labels of which 'Post Traumatic Growth' is the most common descriptor, masks a significant gap in clinical and theoretical understanding. Even less well understood is the totality of psychological change after trauma, i.e. both negative and positive change and how they may interact. The author focuses on two specific contexts: psychological trauma stemming from Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), and subsequent treatment with Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR). The book's findings are quite remarkable and suggest that a totally knew perspective on psychological trauma is needed.
Keywords: Post Traumatic Growth Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. O'Malley, A. (2009, March). Infant mental health & EMDR. Symposium conducted at the 7th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Manchester, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The watch wait and wonder (www) approach to parental and infant mental
health was developed in Toronto over the last 20 years. In the last few years a number of
therapists have set up www clinics in the UK. We have been running a joint EMDR and www
clinic in the North West since Jan 2007. As far as we know this is the only clinic to offer
trauma focussed psychotherapy together with infant mental health in either the UK or
Ireland.
Infant brain development occurs sequentially implying vulnerabilities during the early years
of life. This has a direct relationship on attunement, which is influenced by developmental
neglect and trauma. The effects of this trauma for EMDR therapy are explored. New
information about the probable mechanism of action of the bilateral stimulation used in
EMDR is presented. The mechanism of translating sensory input into new neuronal patterns
is explained. The hypothesis of a ‘window of tolerance’ in trauma is mentioned with the
reasons why EMDR can help alleviate trauma by expanding the window of tolerance.
An additional model of applying EMDR is outlined. This involves multilateral activation of
sympathetic nervous systems to consciously overcome traumas. This process will be shown
to lead to brainstem stimulation activating the cranial nerves, which innervate the ocular
muscles generating rapid eye movement. This approach involves motor and sensory
integration at the level of the 12 cranial nerves. Some case examples using bilateral olfactory
desensitisation are discussed.
Recommendations for the development of parent infant mental health services within the
NHS are outlined
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Wernimont, T. (2004, September). Integrating EMDR into the treatment of brain injury. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Brain injury is the often overlooked result of abuse, accidents, sports injury, seizure disorder, tumors/surgery, and toxic exposure/overdose. Symptoms from brian injury are often attributed to other causes, including depression, addiction, and even schizophrenia impeding treatment. There will be practical suggestions regarding: 1) assessment for symptoms of brain injury in your population; 2) applying EMDR approach within a comprehensive treatment plan; and 3) how to use strategies to treat symptoms of dysregulation and to reinforce skills. In addition, the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social effects of brain injury will be addressed.
Keywords: Brain Injury
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Silvestre, M. (2007, Juin). Integration EMDR et therapie familiale [Integration of EMDR and family therapy]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Cette présentation s'articule autour de l'intégration du travail EMDR avec des enfants et de l'approche de thérapie familiale systémique. Nous savons qu'à la suite d'un incident traumatique vécu par un member d'une famille, les liens familiaux souffrent au point parfois de se déchirer. Nous pouvons aider la personne traumatisée et aussi permettre à la famille de digérer les conséquences de cet incident sans perdre son unité. Le travail insistra sur l'aide individuelle (EMDR) et l'aide aux liens familiaux malmenès lors l'accidents traumatiques. Le système familial peut alors garder son intégrité et ètre un lieu de ressources. Les points de comment, quand et pourquoi intégrer ces deux approches seront illustrés par des éléments théoriques et des exemples cliniques.
This presentation focuses on the integration of EMDR work with children and the approach to systemic family therapy. We know that following a traumatic incident experienced by a member of a family, family relationships suffer sometimes to the point of tearing. We can help the traumatized person and also allow the family to digest the implications of this incident without losing its unity. The work on individual aid insistra (EMDR) and assistance to abused family ties in the traumatic accident. The family system can then maintain its integrity and be a resource. The points of how, when and why to integrate these two approaches are illustrated by theoretical and clinical examples.
Keywords: Family Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Nutting, R. W. (2003, May). The integration of EMDR and body dialogue. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper details the Body Dialogue process and the EMDR protocol for its use and presents two case studies that demonstrate this integrative technique. Recent studies show that trauma can profoundly affect the body. Many symptoms felt by individuals who have experienced trauma appear to be somatically based. Imprinted memories from 'big T' traumas and 'little t' traumas appear to have their origins sometimes decades before the body 'remembers'. When triggered by a present stimulus, these imprinted body memories recur and the body relives the past trauma. Most methods of trauma counselling and therapy address only the cognitive and emotional components of trauma, lacking the techniques that work directly with the physiological components of past traumatic incidents. The Body Dialogue technique (Stone J, Stone H, Stone S) offers a way to explore the psychological significance of sensations such as pain, motor impulses, muscular tension, trembling, breathing and heart rate. Since such somatic disturbances contain emotional and cognitive components, this dialogue process is able to identify and explore the deep psychological issues surrounding these imprinted body sensations and muscular reactions. The Body Dialogue process is integrated into the EMDR protocol (Shapiro, 2002) when the individual is confronted with body sensations. Having identified the issues (traumas) surrounding these sensations using the dialogue technique, the EMDR protocol is resumed. This enables the processing of the original trauma to occur as well as the instillation of a positive belief. During the therapeutic process using these two therapies, the therapist never has to touch the client.
Keywords: Body Dialogue
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. Kaye, B. (2006). Interactive cognitive motor interweaves during EMDR. Cary, NC: Allied Psychological Services.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
A new interweave technique is described for when patients are slow to desensitize or when they are emotionally overwhelmed during EMDR treatment. The interweave is comprised of two parallel components: a finger-touching go/no-go tracking task as well as a semantic priming task. The theoretical rationale for the finger-touching task is explained relative to neuroimaging studies of the anterior cingulate cortex and other areas. The rationale for the semantic priming task is explained relative to research about dopaminergic activation projecting from the ventral tegmentum as well as novelty generated orienting responses. A two-stage model is proposed for constructing effective EMDR stimulation techniques.
Keywords: Cognitive Interweave
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Fernandez, I. (2008, Novembre). Interventi precoci con EMDR: Applicazione nei disturbi post-traumatici acuti con vittime di disastri collettivi [Early intervention with EMDR: Application in mass post-traumatic stress/acute disaster victims. Plenaria presentato le applicazioni cliniche di EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Questa relazione descrive l’applicazione dell’EMDR come trattamento precoce focalizzato sul trauma rivolto a bambini coinvolti in diastri collettivi (disastri naturali, incidenti e provocato in modo intenzionale dalla mano dell’uomo).
Il trattamento con EMDR in tutti questi casi è stato parte di un intervento con questa popolazione ed è stato il trattamento di elezione di bambini in età scolastica che erano stati i più esposti a eventi traumatici. In molti di questi casi, 3 cicli di sedute di EMDR sono stati organizzati ad un mese, a tre mesi e ad un anno dall’evento critico.
I bambini hanno avuto delle sedute individuali nella maggior parte dei casi dato che avevano avuto una grave traumatizzazione, unite al lutto, dove avevano vissuto una minaccia alla propria vita e la perdita di amici e fratelli.
Il supporto psicologico e il trattamento EMDR sono stati forniti anche ai genitori, al personale scolastico e questo aspetto è stato di fondamentale importanza negli ultimi interventi per rafforzare e mantenere i risultati nei bambini.
I risultati di questionari e delle interviste cliniche per valutare la sintomatologia post-traumatica prima e dopo il trattamento verranno descritti durante la presentazione insieme ai dati del follow-up. Il gruppo trattato dimostra un miglioramento significativo dopo il trattamento con EMDR. L’analisi statistica dei risultati sarà descritta in modo approfondito.
Durante la relazione verranno sottolineati gli aspetti clinici dell’applicazione dell’EMDR con i bambini dopo un trauma recente particolarmente grave. Le reazioni post-traumatiche di questo gruppo in età evolutiva sono state valutate, misurate e hanno dato delle informazioni rilevanti per questo campo di applicazione. Il trattamento EMDR con i genitori e con altri adulti coinvolti nel disastro e che era a contatto con i bambini si è rivelato un intervento chiave per quanto riguarda la sintomatologia dei bambini. A conclusione verranno presentate delle linee guida e delle
indicazioni per la strutturazione di interventi sulla base di questi studi sul campo.
This report describes the application of EMDR as early treatment focused on trauma facing children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and pollution in
intentionally by man). Treatment with EMDR in all these cases was part of an intervention with this population and was the treatment of choice for school-age children who were most exposed to events traumatic. In many of these cases, 3 cycles of EMDR sessions were held one month, three months and one year after the event critical. The children have had some individual sessions in most cases because they had severe trauma, united in mourning, where they had lived a threat to his life and the loss of friends and brothers. Psychological support and treatment EMDR was provided to parents, staff school and this aspect was of paramount importance in recent efforts to reinforce and keep the results in children. The results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess the symptoms post trauma before and after treatment will be described during the presentation along with the data of follow-up. The treated group demonstrated significant improvement after treatment with EMDR. The statistical analysis of results will be described in detail. The report will be highlighted during the clinical application of EMDR with children after a recent trauma particularly serious. Post-traumatic reactions of this growing age group were assessed, measured and have information relevant to this scope. EMDR treatment with parents and other adults involved in disaster and who was in contact with children has proved a key intervention regarding symptoms of children. A conclusion will discuss the guidelines and indications for the structuring of interventions based on these field studies.
Keywords: Early Intervention Mass Disasters Plenary Recent Events
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Simpson, E. (1994, August 27). Keep an eye on the latest phobia cure. London, England: Daily Mail.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
John Spector, currently the only clinical psychologist fully-trained in EMDR, has found the technique invaluable with patients, including those traumatised by assaults, road accidents or having seen, a close friend in the military die.
Keywords: John Spector London Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Arnstein, M. (1996, December). Marital therapy, EMDR, Herman's model of recovery from trauma: The journey of one woman and her family. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 17(4), 212-224.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Judith Herman delineates a 3-stage model of recovery from trauma: (1) Safety; (2) Remembrance and Mourning; (3) Reconnection. She criticises current treatment methods for their failure to make a difference in the "constrictive symptoms of numbing and social withdrawal...and marital, social and work problems do not necessarily improve." Family therapy has been criticised often for insufficient focus on emotion and general sensations. This case analysis will illustrate how these shortcomings can be successfully addressed with the use of marital counseling and EMDR. The use of multiple treatment approaches contributed to one client's resolution of recent trauma due to a car accident, of past crises due to marital infidelity and early childhood abuse, with significant changes for her in her current family as well as in her family of origin. Theoretical implications for "family therapy" are raised. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Australians Case Report Child Abuse Family Therapy Females Marital Problems Motor Traffic Accidents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. Scaer, R. (2006, June). The neurophysiology of healing. Presentation at the Psychotherapy Networker Symposium Teleconference, Boulder, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In studying these patients, he has come to the
conclusion that the emotional response to a traumatic event and the long-term physical
symptoms and disabilities related to the injuries that the patient has suffered are
intricately and specifically related to each other, forming a psychological/physical
continuum that must be addressed for healing to take place. Specifically, in his study of
victims of motor vehicle accidents, he has concluded that the varied symptoms of the
Whiplash Syndrome have their roots in the storage of the somatic and autonomic sensory
experiences of the accident in procedural memory, thereafter to be reproduced as
symptoms in situations that reflect subtle cues of the traumatic experience.
Applying this theory to the spectrum of life experiences, he has developed a
theory based on the neurophysiology of traumatic stress that relates the myriad
experiences of life trauma common to all of us to the development of many chronic
diseases currently of unknown cause.
Keywords: Neurophysiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. Moore, J. (2012, July 5). Nontraditional psychotherapy shows promising results for some. News 3, KSNV-TV NBC. Retrieved from http://www.mynews3.com/content/news/story/Nontraditional-psychotherapy-shows-promising/NBzYtGckRkiQWm1as7DXeg.cspx on 7/14/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a fairly new, nontraditional type of psychotherapy. It's growing in popularity, particularly for treating post-traumatic stress disorder. PTSD often occurs after experiences such as military combat, physical assault, rape, or car accidents.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Zamboni, L., Nogueira, F. G., & Lourenceo, M. F. (2010, 29-1 Octubre/Noviembre). O uso do EMDR no tratamento de equipes que sofreram traumas por acidente de trabalho [The use of EMDR in the treatment of teams who have suffered trauma of accidents at work]. Mesas redondas presentada en el II Congreso Iberoamericano de EMDR y Psicotrauma, Quito, Ecuador .
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Keywords: Teams Work-Related Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Burgmer, M., & Heuft, G. (2004, February). Occurrence and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in an elderly patient after a traffic accident. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(2), 185-188. doi:10.1002/gps.1047.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In our present study, we report on the development of PTSD after a traffic accident and present the trauma-specific treatment with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Despite the controversy about its novelty and other competing trauma-specific treatment methods like CBT, EMDR seems to be an effective and efficient trauma-specific treatment method particularly for usage by pscyhodynamic oriented therapists. [Adapted from Text] [Pilots]
Keywords: Aged Case Report Females Germans Headache Motor Traffic Accidents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. Pagani, M., Nardo, D., Flumeri, F., Salmaso, D., Looi, J., Sanchez-Crespo, A., Larsson, S.A., Sundin, Ö., Hogberg, G., & Bejerot, S. (2009, January). P03-58 Volumetric changes in PTSD and in a subgroup of PTSD patients not responding to EMDR psychotherapy. European Psychiatry, 24(Supplement 1), S1057-S1057. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(09)71290-8.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Several studies have reported limbic structures volume decrease in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, in PTSD the effect of therapy on brain structures has seldom been investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the grey matter (GM) loss in occupational related PTSD and to assess the volumetric differences between patients responding (R) and non-responding (NR) to psychotherapy.
Methods: Pre-EMDR MRI data of 21 train drives who did develop PTSD (S) and 22 who did not develop PTSD (NS) after person-under-the-train accidents were compared. Within S further comparisons were made between 10 R to Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and 5 NR. Data were analysed by optimised voxel-based morphometry as implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping.
Results: As compared to NS, S showed a significant GM volume reduction in precuneus, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. The R>NR comparison highlighted a significant GM reduction in NR in bilateral posterior cingulate, left middle frontal cortex and right parahippocampal, insular and temporal cortices.
Conclusions: Comparing two large groups of subjects significant GM volumetric reductions were found in PTSD in posterior limbic structures. NR showed, as compared to R, volume reduction in cortical structures including posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. These latter two structures seem to be the hallmark for both PTSD diagnosis and therapy outcome prediction.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. Solomon, R. M., & Kaufman, T. E. (2002, Fall/Winter). A peer support workshop for the treatment of traumatic stress of railroad personnel: Contributions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Journal of Brief Therapy, 2(1), 27-33.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a 3-day peer support workshop for 60 railroad employees who had experienced fatal grade crossing accidents. Participants received training on trauma and coping strategies, peer support strategies, and peer debriefing. Half the group also receive Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The Impact of Event Scale was administered at the workshop, a post-treatment followed 2 months later, and finally a 10-month follow-up. There was a significant decrease in scores at post-treatment and follow-up was conducted. The addition of EMDR led to significantly lower scores than having only the workshop. The workshop appeared successful in decreasing the effects of long-term trauma. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Longitudinal Study Males Non-Randomized Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Railroad Accident Survivors Transport Workers Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Blore, D. (2012, June). Plasticity of meaning: A proposed AIP theory of extension to explain the totality of psychological change in EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This poster acts as additional material to the presentation at this conference on the same topic. The proposal for an extension to Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) (Shapiro 1995, 2001) is derived from the author’s doctoral thesis (Blore 2012a) – a phenomenological study of positive psychological changes experienced by survivors of road traffi c accidents in the post Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment context. It is argued that AIP does not fully account for the totality of psychological change following EMDR, partly due to lack of knowledge and partly because of the emphasis on explaining the reduction of negative psychological change (rNPC). The main presentation expands on this reasoning, whilst this poster focuses on the proposed theory extension a: ‘Plasticity of Meaning’ (PoM). To illustrate this theory extension, three examples of fi gurative language use (FLU) obtained during interviews with participants are subjected to microtextual analyses (see Smith 2004, p51). It is argued that FLU is a phenomenological (i.e. observable) event that suggests a ‘trading of words’ in turn suggesting neurological networks connecting – a central tenet of AIP. The phrase ‘PoM’ has been coined because of hypothesised similarities to Frey & Morris’ (1997) synaptic plasticity and Cahill & McGaugh’s (1998) reconsolidation of memory theory.
Keywords: Neurobiology Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
85. McCann, D. (1992, December). Post-traumatic stress disorder due to devastating burns overcome by a single session of eye movement desensitization. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 23(4), 319-323. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(92)90055-N.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reports on the effective use of a single session of eye movement desensitization (EMD) in the treatment of an exceptionally severe case of PTSD. The patient was the survivor of burns that left him with massive scarring, total deafness, bilateral amputations of the upper extremities above the elbow, severe contractures, and severely damaged feet and ankles. He had endured 8 years of intense suffering from symptoms of PTSD. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Accidents Adults British Dog Bites Exposure Therapy Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
86. Yule, W. (1999) . Post-traumatic stress disorders: Concepts and therapy. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book, written by contributors from the Institute of Psychiatry in London, represents the fruits of ten years of working with survivors of accidents and disasters. It contains a coherent approach to the psychology underpinning their stress reactions, and places these disorders within a broad social psychological perspective. It applies many of the latest insights from experimental cognitive psychology to the experiences of the survivors. [Adapted from Preface]
Keywords: PTSD Treatment Adults Children Survivors Adolescents Coping Behavior Social Support Networks Personality Traits Psychobiology Intrusive Thoughts Cognitive Processes Cognitive Therapy Behavior Therapy Research Needs Epidemiology Etiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. McLean, P. D., & Woody, Sheila, R. (2001). Posttraumatic stress disorder. In P. D. McLean & S. R. Woody (Eds.), Anxiety disorders in adults: An evidence-based approach to psychological treatment (pp. 205-241). New York: Oxford University Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Description and conceptualization (phenomenology; diagnostic trends; prevalence and course); Theoretical perspectives; Assessment (diagnosis; assessment of symptoms; assessing contextual factors: social support, cognitive distortions, avoidant coping, multiple trauma history, occupational adjustment, physical history/pain/litigation; case formulation); Treatment models and guidelines (cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD: education, exposure, cognitive control, cognitive restructuring, relaxation training; specific types of trauma: sexual assault, motor vehicle accident, combat; pharmacological treatment for PTSD; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing [EMDR]; client-treatment matching; minimal vs. optimal interventions; common problems: noncompliance due to fear and avoidance, comorbidity, medical and litigation complications; treatment outcome evaluation and life planning). [Pilots]
Keywords: Adults Evidence Based Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. van der Kolk, B. A. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder and the nature of trauma. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2(1), 7-22.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The role of psychological trauma (e.g., rape, physical assaults, torture, motor vehicle accidents) as an etiological factor in mental disorders, anticipated as early as the 19th century by Janet, Freud, and Breuer, and more specifically during World War I and II by Kardiner, was "rediscovered" some 20 years ago in the wake of the psychlogical traumas inflicted by the Vietnam war and the discussion "in the open" of sexual abuse and rape by the women's liberation movement. 1980 marked a major turning point, with the incorporation of the diagnostic construct of PTSD into DSM-III and the definition of its main diagnostic criteria (reexperiencing of the traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal). Initially described as resulting from a onetime severe traumatic incident, PTSD has now been shown to be triggered by chronic multiple traumas as well. This "state-of-the-art" article discusses past and current understanding of the disorder, with particular emphasis on the recent explosive developments in neuroimaging and other fields of the neurosciences that have highlighted the complex interrelationships between psychological, psychiatric, biological, and neuroanatomical components of the disorder, and opened up entirely new therapeutic perspectives on how to help the victims of trauma overcome their past. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Etiology Historical Account Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
89. Rothbaum, B. (2008, November). Predictors of treatment response for EMDR and prolonged exposure. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Recent developments in PTSD treatment
outcome research: Although cognitive behavior therapy is the treatment of choice for
PTSD, there is a need to develop more effective treatments and to
determine factors that influence treatment response. This
symposium presents four studies that address treatment outcome
research. The initial paper provides an overview of treatment
predictors from two trials of cognitive processing therapy. The
second paper reviews the differential responses to treatment of
survivors of terrorist attacks and motor vehicle accidents. The third
paper reviews predictors of outcome following EMDR and
Prolonged Exposure. The fourth paper overviews a series of
studies that have used structural and functional fMRI to identify the
neural factors that predict response to CBT and also the impact of
CBT on neural functioning.
Predictors of treatment response for EMDR and prolonged exposure: Predictors for response to treatment in a controlled study aimed to
evaluate the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to
a no-treatment wait-list control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in
adult female rape victims were examined. In this study, 74
participants with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of the three
experimental conditions to achieve 20 completers per group.
Independent Assessors blind to the treatment condition
administered standard measures of PTSD and related symptoms.
Improvement in PTSD, depression, dissociation, and state anxiety
was significantly greater in both PE and EMDR group than the
WAIT group. PE and EMDR did not differ significantly for change
from baseline to either post-treatment or 6-month follow up
measurement for any quantitative scale. EMDR subjects with 2 or
more comorbid diagnoses, however, improved significantly less
than all other active treatment subjects. At post-treatment and 6-
months, 95% and 94% of PE subjects and 75% and 74% EMDR
subjects no longer met DSM-IV PTSD criteria, respectively. At the
6-month follow-up assessment, 78% of those who received PE and
35% of those who received EMDR met criteria for good end state
functioning (p=.017).
Keywords: Panel Prolonged Exposure Symposium Treatment Response Predictors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
90. Heitzler, M. (2008, June). The processing body: Integrating EMDR & body psychotherapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
My paper presents a model for integrating EMDR with Body Psychotherapy principles and techniques. The model
will be illustrated by clinical material from my work with a patient who suffers from complex PTSD as a result of a
recent traumatic event which evoked her early developmental trauma. My model of integration is based on
what both disciplines share in common: understanding the centrality of the body as the carrier of the trauma and
its symptoms, as well as its potential for healing and recovery. At the same time, Body psychotherapy and EMDR
offer different ways of utilising the body during the processing phase of the work. My paper will explore some of
the similarities and differences of the two approaches. This may shed some light on situations where patients
show blocks or resistance to EMDR, and offer complementary ways of working with the EMDR protocol. The
paper draws on recent neuro-biological research presented by A. Schore, Bessel v. d. Kolk and others, to highlight
the changes that take place in brain function during and after the traumatic event. It will also offer insight into
the work of some of the leading experts in the field of body psychotherapy and approaches to trauma work (Pat
Ogden’s sensori-motor approach, Babette Rothschild’s Somatic Trauma Therapy, Peter Levine’s traumawork with
the body). The clinical material is designed to make the theory accessible and illustrate its relevance.
Keywords: Body Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. Kazi, A., Freund, B., & Ironson, G. (2008, April). Prolonged exposure treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder following the 9/11 attack with a person who escaped from the twin towers. Clinical Case Studies, 7(2), 100-117. doi:10.1177/1534650107306290.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The occurrence and impact of terrorist attacks can be dramatic and long lasting. Cognitivebehavioral
interventions are effective in alleviating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in
survivors of rape, wartime combat, automobile accidents, and natural disasters. Effectiveness
of such interventions on victims of terrorist attacks is in the early stages of research. On
September 11, 2001, two hijacked planes crashed into the twin towers in New York City,
killing approximately 2,750 people and emotionally and physically affecting thousands who
witnessed or escaped the attack. This case study illustrates a course of 12 active prolonged
exposure (PE) sessions for PTSD with a female survivor. After 15 sessions (3 of which were
preparatory), the client improved 75%, as measured by a composite score of measures. Her
reported quality of life had improved dramatically posttreatment and remained stable at 6-month
follow-up. This cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention, with 15 office sessions and homework
assignments for decreasing avoidances, is described and discussed.
Keywords: 9/11 CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure Treatment PTSD September 11th Terrorist Attacks
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Oren, U. (2008, December). Promising results with the EMDR method - Alleviating traumatized bodies and minds . Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims: An International Evidence-Based Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A patient moving his eyes back and forth following the therapist's fingers as they move across his field of vision for 20-30 seconds. EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) might sound as a scam, but in fact it is becoming a highly recognized and widespread treatment method. It is an innovative clinical treatment. It has successfully helped over one million people who have experienced psychological difficulties which originate from some kind of traumatic experience, such as sexual abuse, childhood neglect, road traffic accidents and violence.
Keywords: Mind-Body
Accuracy Verified: Yes
93. Bruck, N. R. V. (2007, March). A psicologia das emergências: Um estudo sobre angústia pública e o dramático cotidiano do trauma [The psychology of emergencies: A survey of public angst and dramatic daily life of trauma]. Pontifica Universidade Catolica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Programa De Pos-Graduacao Em Psicologia Doutorado Em Psicologia, Porto Alegre.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
O assunto “trauma” vem adquirindo novos significados, considerando principalmente
acontecimentos sociais recentes, sejam eventos adversos, catástrofes, desastres,
sejam as situações-limite vividas pelas pessoas no cotidiano urbano. A psicologia
das emergências estuda o comportamento das pessoas nos acidentes e desastres
desde uma ação preventiva até o pós-trauma e, se for o caso, subsidia intervenções
de compreensão, apoio e superação do trauma às vítimas e profissionais do SAMU.
O assunto se estende às questões que vão desde a experiência pessoal do trauma
até os eventos adversos provocados por calamidades, sejam estas naturais e/ou
provocadas pelo homem. A psicologia das emergências é um tema de angústia
pública, sentimento difuso de mal-estar que se origina dos acontecimentos públicos
traumáticos, chamados estressores, tais como os acidentes de trânsito com vítima,
assim como os provenientes das demais situações limites de toda a violência
urbana. O trauma é uma experiência que explode a capacidade de suportar um
revés, traz a perda de sentido, desorganização corporal e paralisação da
consciência temporal, pode deixar marcas que influenciam a criatividade e a
motivação para a vida. Os objetivos nos primeiros auxílios psicológicos são de aliviar
as manifestações sintomáticas e o sofrimento, reduzindo os sentimentos de
anormalidade e de enfermidade. Um dos objetivos é a familiarização com temas
considerados complexos e muitas vezes distantes das discussões sobre trauma
psicológico, sendo que o problema da pesquisa é a compreensão da psicologia das
emergências e como colocá-la em prática. Os autores mais utilizados são Edgar
Morin, Alfredo Moffatt, Serge Moscovici, Gilles Deleuze e Michel Foucault, dentre
outros. São abordados os temas do não-reducionismo, da epistemologia de si
mesmo e da relação da Teoria das Representações Sociais com o EMDR
(dessensibilização e reprocessamento através de movimentos oculares). O método
desta pesquisa, com suporte na observação participante refere às questões da
complexidade, análise multirreferencial e de implicação. As técnicas mais utilizadas
foram entrevistas, grupos focais-“histórias significativas” e análise documental. É
indicado, como atitudes favoráveis pensar não a partir de algo, mas, sobretudo sobre
algo e que para mudar o modo de agir torna-se necessário modificar a imagem que
uma pessoa tenha de si próprio. Como conclusões da pesquisa, observou-se: que
as pessoas acidentadas trazem outros acontecimentos considerados difíceis junto
com o depoimento sobre o acidente, como situações de luto e de sofrimento com
familiares; que o estresse pós-traumático não é uma conseqüência inevitável do
trauma; que não há nenhuma orientação, ou rotina, nas missões de socorros e nos
documentos oficiais do SAMU sobre o tema psicologia das emergências. Também
são indicadas considerações finais sobre os temas da Síndrome de Burnout, sobre a
influência da instituição no cotidiano dos atendimentos, sobre a relação da clínica
com a psicologia social.
The subject of "trauma" has acquired new meanings, especially considering
recent social events, are adverse events, catastrophes, disasters,
are the extreme situations experienced by people in urban daily life. Psychology
emergencies studies the behavior of people in accidents and disasters
from preventive action to post-trauma and, if necessary, subsidize interventions
understanding, support and overcoming the trauma victim and professional SAMU.
The subject extends to issues ranging from the personal experience of trauma
to adverse events caused by disasters, whether natural and / or
manmade. The psychology of emergencies is a topic of anguish
public diffuse feeling of uneasiness that stems from public events
traumatic, called stressors, such as traffic accidents with victims,
as well as from the other extreme edge of all violence
urban. Trauma is an experience that explodes the ability to support a
setback, brings loss of meaning, and paralysis of body clutter
temporal awareness, can leave marks that influence creativity and
motivation for life. The goals in psychological first aid are to relieve
symptomatic manifestations and suffering, reducing feelings of
abnormality and disease. One goal is to become familiar with issues
as complex and often distant from the discussions on trauma
psychological, and the research problem is understanding the psychology of
emergencies and how to put it into practice. The authors are more used Edgar
Morin, Alfredo Moffatt, Serge Moscovici, Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault, among
others. Issues are addressed in the non-reductionism, the epistemology of self
and even the relationship of the Theory of Representations to EMDR
(Desensitization and reprocessing through eye movements). The method
this research, supported in participant observation matters relating to
complex, multi-referential analysis and implication. The most used techniques
were interviews, focus groups, "meaningful stories and documentary analysis. It
indicated as positive attitudes to think not from something, but mainly on
something and to change the mode of action becomes necessary to modify the image
a person has of himself. As the survey findings revealed the following: that
rugged people bring other events to be difficult with
with testimony about the accident, as situations of grief and suffering with
family, whereas the post-traumatic stress is not an inevitable consequence of
trauma, there is no guidance, or routine tasks in the relief and
SAMU official documents on the subject of psychology emergencies. Also
concluding remarks are given on the topics of the Burnout on the
influence the institution in the routine of care, about the relationship of clinical
with social psychology.
Keywords: Emergency Treatment Postrraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Social Psychology Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
94. Melbeck, H. H. (2003, May). PSTD-Unit: Trauma therapy with in-patients – A ward concept. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Since there were only a very few specialised trauma therapists in the region in the beginning of the "PTSD-Unit", we had to treat all kinds of type-I and type-II trauma around, that is:
victims of technical or natural disasters, of car accidents and accidents at work, especially the victims of bank robberies whose number has risen enormously in the area since the political change in 1989. Beside that we treated clients after they had learned the diagnosis of a life-threatening disease, for example a cancer - diagnosis, and people who were suffering from traumatic grief, because they were bereaved of their loved ones under particularly traumatic circumstances, for example after the explosion at Djerba last year.
Keywords: Poster Ward Concept
Accuracy Verified: Yes
95. Gillies, D., Taylor, F., Gray, C., O’Brien, L., & D’Abrew, N. (2012). Psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online), 12, CD006726. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006726.pub2.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in children and adolescents who have experienced trauma and has high
personal and health costs. Although a wide range of psychological therapies have been used in the treatment of PTSD there are no
systematic reviews of these therapies in children and adolescents.
Objectives:
To examine the effectiveness of psychological therapies in treating children and adolescents who have been diagnosed with PTSD.
Search methods:
We searched the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review Group’s Specialised Register (CCDANCTR) to December 2011.
The CCDANCTR includes relevant randomised controlled trials fromthe following bibliographic databases: CENTRAL (the Cochrane
Central Register of Controlled Trials) (all years), EMBASE (1974 -), MEDLINE (1950 -) and PsycINFO (1967 -). We also checked
reference lists of relevant studies and reviews. We applied no date or language restrictions.
Selection criteria:
All randomised controlled trials of psychological therapies compared to a control, pharmacological therapy or other treatments in
children or adolescents exposed to a traumatic event or diagnosed with PTSD.
Data collection and analysis:
Two members of the review group independently extracted data. If differences were identified, they were resolved by consensus, or
referral to the review team.
We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for binary outcomes, the standardised mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcomes, and 95%
confidence intervals (CI) for both, using a fixed-effect model. If heterogeneity was found we used a random-effects model. Main results
Fourteen studies including 758 participants were included in this review. The types of trauma participants had been exposed to included
sexual abuse, civil violence, natural disaster, domestic violence and motor vehicle accidents. Most participants were clients of a traumarelated
support service.
The psychological therapies used in these studies were cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), exposure-based, psychodynamic, narrative,
supportive counselling, and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Most compared a psychological therapy to a
control group. No study compared psychological therapies to pharmacological therapies alone or as an adjunct to a psychological
therapy.
Across all psychological therapies, improvement was significantly better (three studies, n = 80, OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.12 to 15.85) and
symptoms of PTSD (seven studies, n = 271, SMD -0.90, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.42), anxiety (three studies, n = 91, SMD -0.57, 95% CI
-1.00 to -0.13) and depression (five studies, n = 156, SMD -0.74, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.36) were significantly lower within a month of
completing psychological therapy compared to a control group.
The psychological therapy for which there was the best evidence of effectiveness was CBT. Improvement was significantly better for
up to a year following treatment (up to one month: two studies, n = 49, OR 8.64, 95% CI 2.01 to 37.14; up to one year: one study,
n = 25, OR 8.00, 95% CI 1.21 to 52.69). PTSD symptom scores were also significantly lower for up to one year (up to one month:
three studies, n = 98, SMD -1.34, 95% CI -1.79 to -0.89; up to one year: one study, n = 36, SMD -0.73, 95% CI -1.44 to -0.01),
and depression scores were lower for up to a month (three studies, n = 98, SMD -0.80, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.13) in the CBT group
compared to a control. No adverse effects were identified.
No study was rated as a high risk for selection or detection bias but a minority were rated as a high risk for attrition, reporting and
other bias. Most included studies were rated as an unclear risk for selection, detection and attrition bias.
Authors’ conclusions:
There is evidence for the effectiveness of psychological therapies, particularly CBT, for treating PTSD in children and adolescents for
up to a month following treatment. At this stage, there is no clear evidence for the effectiveness of one psychological therapy compared
to others. There is also not enough evidence to conclude that children and adolescents with particular types of trauma are more or less
likely to respond to psychological therapies than others.
The findings of this review are limited by the potential for methodological biases, and the small number and generally small size
of identified studies. In addition, there was evidence of substantial heterogeneity in some analyses which could not be explained by
subgroup or sensitivity analyses.
More evidence is required for the effectiveness of all psychological therapiesmore than one month after treatment.Much more evidence
is needed to demonstrate the relative effectiveness of different psychological therapies or the effectiveness of psychological therapies
compared to other treatments. More details are required in future trials in regards to the types of trauma that preceded the diagnosis
of PTSD and whether the traumas are single event or ongoing. Future studies should also aim to identify the most valid and reliable
measures of PTSD symptoms and ensure that all scores, total and sub-scores, are consistently reported.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
96. Kitchiner, N. J., & Aylard, P. (2002, May). Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A single case study of a UK police officer. Mental Health Practice, 5(6), 34-38.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
A single case study design is used to describe how a combination of cognitive-behavioural therapy and eye movement and desensitization reprocessing therapy was successfully used to treat a police officer. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Accidents Adults British Case Report Cognitive Therapy Health Care Policy Males Personnel Police Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
97. Pagani, M., Nardo, D., Flumeri, F., Salmaso. D., Looi, J., Sanchez-Crespo, A., Larsson, S. A., Sundin, Ö., Hogberg, G., Bejerot, S. (2009, January). PW04-01 Volumetric changes in PTSD and in a subgroup of PTSD patients not responding to EMDR psychotherapy. European Psychiatry, 24(Supplement 1), S355. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(09)70588-7.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
(1)Background:
Several studies have reported limbic structures volume decrease in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, in PTSD the effect of therapy on brain structures has seldom been investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the grey matter (GM) loss in occupational related PTSD and to assess the volumetric differences between patients responding (R) and non-responding (NR) to psychotherapy.
(2)Methods:
Pre-EMDR MRI data of 21 train drives who did develop PTSD (S) and 22 who did not develop PTSD (NS) after person-under-the-train accidents were compared. Within S further comparisons were made between 10 R to Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and 5 NR. Data were analysed by optimised voxel-based morphometry as implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping.
(3)Results:
As compared to NS, S showed a significant GM volume reduction in precuneus, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. The R>NR comparison highlighted a significant GM reduction in NR in bilateral posterior cingulate, left middle frontal cortex and right parahippocampal, insular and temporal cortices.
(4)Conclusions:
Comparing two large groups of subjects significant GM volumetric reductions were found in PTSD in posterior limbic structures. NR showed, as compared to R, volume reduction in cortical structures including posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. These latter two structures seem to be the hallmark for both PTSD diagnosis and therapy outcome prediction.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
98. Blore, D. C. (2009, March). The range and diversity of post traumatic growth following EMDR for involvement in a road traffic accident. Symposium conducted at the 7th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Manchester, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper is a further progress report (see Blore, Farrell & Clifford 2008; Blore
2007) on data analysis from N=12 interviews from an Interpretative
Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) study into Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) following
successful EMDR treatment. The second round of hermeneutic analysis identified eight
categories of PTG outcomes. Five of the categories: New Directions in Life; Enhancement of
Social Development; Enhancement of Personal Development; Appreciation of Life and
Spiritual & Philosophical Development, are consistent with the five factor analysis categories
of the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI)(Tedeschi & Calhoun 1996). The remaining
three categories are: Development of ‘Success Heuristic’; Expression of Positive Emotions;
and Growth Aspirations which can be seen as yet-to-be-attained PTG. One implication of
these categories is that positive outcomes of EMDR are consistently being under-reported in
the scientific literature simply because evidence-based practice is focussed solely on
reducing negative symptomatology.
Keywords: Diversity Motor Vehicle Accident Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
99. Cole, J., & Webb, J. (2004, September). The reenactment protocol: Using the drive to reenact therapeutically. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
While it has been observed for a long time that victims of trauma tend to reenact the trauma, this process has been seen as problematic and avoided. This therapeutic process uses that energy and drive in a respectful and safe way to allow the client to recreate the traumatic incident and experience a strong internal locus of control while carrying through with a new outcome. While evidence seems to indicate that much chronic pain is really memories of pain in the motor cortex, this process works to reconnect or reprogram these memories with a more powerful and less painful memory.
Keywords: Reenactment Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
100. Holmshaw, M., Hodder, K. I., & Carswell, J. W. (2009, April). The relative efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and EMDR in treating psychological trauma resulting from road traffic accidents. Presentation at the annual British Psychological Society Conference, Brighton, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objectives: Following road traffic accidents (RTAs) psychological problems are common and can cause long-term disability. Whilst both trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have proved successful in treating such problems there is currently no clear evidence supporting one treatment over the other. Previous comparisons of these treatments have been based on small samples. The present research aimed to explore the relative efficacy of CBT and EMDR in treating psychological trauma resulting from RTAs in a large sample.
Design: Patients who had previously been involved in an RTA were referred to a psychological rehabilitation provider and received treatment with either CBT or EMDR by accredited therapists. The treatments were compared on drop-out rate number of sessions required for completion of treatment therapist rating of success and a number of widely used psychometric measures which were administered at assessment and again at the end of treatment.
Methods: A total of 1179 referrals were made of which 435 met the inclusion criteria and proceeded to treatment. These patients presented with a range of psychological trauma symptoms resulting from RTAs which had occurred an average of 21 months previously. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was diagnosed in 51 per cent of patients with the remaining patients presenting with travel anxiety depression general anxiety and other psychological conditions. Outcomes were assessed in the whole sample and separately for those with a diagnosis of PTSD.
Results: No differences emerged between the treatments on any outcome measure both for patients diagnosed with PTSD and for those with other trauma-related symptoms. Both CBT and EMDR resulted in large improvements in self-rated symptoms as assessed using the psychometric measures and in both groups over 80 per cent of cases were rated by the therapist as successful or having made good progress by the end of treatment. The CBT group required an average of 9.1 sessions and the EMDR group required an average of 9.9 sessions. Reliable change indices showed that over 80 per cent of patients made clinically significant improvements in both treatment groups.
Conclusions: In conclusion both CBT and EMDR proved to be effective treatments for psychological trauma resulting from RTAs but no differences emerged between them in terms of efficacy patient compliance and number of sessions required. Psychological trauma following RTAs is eminently treatable in the community when treatment is offered by trained CBT or EMDR therapists.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Road Traffic Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
101. Iracane-Blanco, M. (2010, June). Research to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of an EMDR treatment versus debriefing for victims of workplace accidents. In Research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of an EMDR treatment set-up (R-TEP protocol) within an early healthcare scheme for victims of workplace accidents, while taking into consideration such variables as institutional recognition and the availability of psychological debriefing services (inspired by Mitchell's model). The research procedure consists of first creating a program including referenced organisations (businesses, police force, hospitals...) from different French regions. Efforts will be made
to raise resource people's (management, occupational health staff) awareness of PTSD prevention and of the role played by institutional recognition in the psychological recovery process. A regional network of EMDR therapists trained in debriefing (will be set up to work in partnership with the healthcare network for first line interventions following workplace accidents involving one or several workers. Participants will be recruited within these organisations. They the will all have been confronted with a single critical incident at work (accidental bodily harm of physical origin, physical aggression...) and meet DSM-IV Acute Stress Disorder criteria at the time of the therapy session. The research program will test, evaluate, and compare the effectiveness of a single therapeutic intervention taking place between Day 0 and Day 8 after exposure to a workplace accident BS do for 2 groups of 20 workers (men and women) who present the clinical signs of acute stress disorder. G1: control group - no access or refusal of care to be. G2: group with a debriefing session. G3: group with an EMDR session. In order to evaluate treatment effects on health and adaptive behavior in workers, participants will complete standardized self-evaluation scales (IESR PCLS Hamilton) before and after treatment. Another questionnaire will be completed by the therapists. Expected results: Significant decrease of symptoms and improvement of scores on measures after a single EMDR session. Greater effectiveness of EMDR compared to psychological debriefing. Eye Learning objectives: Participants will learn the advantages of promoting early interventions for victims of workplace accidents with the adapted EMDR protocol in order to prevent incapacitating PTSD and to facilitate an early return to autonomy for the worker. EMDR therapists will have a raised awareness of public health prevention initiatives, combining training and information within social and professional networks and occupational health services.
Keywords: Debriefing Research, Symposium Workplace Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
102. Jenkins, S. (2009, May). Retrieving the missing pieces: A cross-cultural approach to memory fragmentation. Presentation at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The behavioural, emotional, somatic, and cognitive aspects of traumatic memory often remain fragmented, but
present through symptomology. The EMDR practitioner is challenged to process key aspects of clients’ traumatic
histories, with incomplete narrative. Ancient cultures, across continents, emphasize the importance of processing
dissociated aspects of the self. This presentation explores the relationship between current research, ego state
therapy, and cross-cultural approaches to trauma. While staying true to the eight-phase EMDR treatment model,
traditional shamanic imageries for processing sensory-motor aspects of trauma are introduced. Attendees will learn
interventions including the “Retrieval Interweave,” via case studies, video, interactive activities, and didactic
presentations.
Keywords: Cross-Cultural Approaches Ego State Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
103. Fernandez, I., Gallinari, E., & Lorenzetti, A. (2004, Spring-Summer). A school-based EMDR intervention for children who witnessed the Pirelli Building airplane crash in Milan, Italy. Journal of Brief Therapy, 2(2), 129-136.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article describes a group intervention using a variant of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing called the butterfly hug. The treatment was provided to 236 children in an elementary school in Milan, Italy, after a small plane crashed into the Pirelli building, a skyscraper adjacent to the school, causing severe damage, fire, and loss of life. After this incident most of the children developed symptoms of PTSD, disrupting school function. A team of three psychologists, working with school teachers, provided this 90-minute intervention to each school class. The treatment reduced reported symptoms of distress during the treatment process, and appeared to result in changed patterns of observable behavior, which were maintained at 4-month follow-up. Given the dearth of research on post-disaster treatment and the limitations of this naturalistic evaluation, future rigorous study is suggested. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Air Traffic Accidents Brief Psychotherapy Elementary School Students Italians Non-Randomized Study Pirelli Tower Airplane Crash (Milan, 2002) Recent Events School Age Children School Based Treatment Treatment Effectiveness Witnesses
Accuracy Verified: Yes
104. Spindler-Ranta, D. C., & Schwartz, S. (2003, September). Slaying the monster: Relieving trauma in 3 – 9 year olds. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This technique is significant because it allows relief from trauma without articulating the event that caused the trauma or even fully remembering
that event. It combines EMDR with drawing and storytelling. Positive cognitions are installed during the process, leaving the child with self-esteem tools that can serve them in the future. It reduces symptoms of abuse, loss, or accidents. This technique deviates from EMDR protocol
to accommodate children's short attention spans and need to play in therapy. Clinicians will be able to: I) identify the components of the
Slaying the Monster technique, 2) solve the dilemma of young children being unable to identify or articulate their trauma, and 3) demonstrate how to reduce symptoms associated with trauma.
Keywords: Children Slaying the Monster Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
105. Fernandez, I. (2010, March). Small victims of big disasters: Post-traumatic stress reactions and EMDR efficacy. Keynote presented at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The presentation describes post-traumatic stress reactions in children victims of mass
disasters and the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with them.
Different kind of disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked) in the
last years have involved specific populations of children in Italy and results from
epidemiological studies and clinical interventions will be analyzed during the presentation.
EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment with the population and was the
elective treatment for the children of elementary schools which were the most exposed to
the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one
month, three months and a year from the critical events.
Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma
and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and sibling.
Psychological support and EMDR treatment were provided to parents and school personnel
and this aspect has been considered in the last interventions fundamental to enhance
treatment results in children.
Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess post-traumatic symptomatology
before and after treatment will be shown, along with follow up data. Treatment group show
a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Statistical analysis of results will be
discussed.
The author will highlight clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent
trauma of great magnitude. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions coming
from our field studies will be presented.
Keywords: Children Efficacy Keynote Mass Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
106. Puk, G., & Silver, S. (1997, October). Some lessons learned in the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program intervention in the Balkans. Behavior Online. Retrieved http://www.behavior.net/forums/evolutionary/1998/27-user=&email=&depth=8&detail=description&lastread=5-8.htm 6/10/1998.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Mental health professionals have been trained in using EMDR with trauma victims throughout the world. However, the EMDR-Humanitarian Assistance Program (EMDR-HAP) was formed in 1995 as a nonprofit organization to provide assistance and training to local mental health professionals/psychotherapists within the United States and internationally who are managing the nearly overwhelming task of providing psychotherapy to the victims of large scale traumatic events. This includes natural disasters, e.g.: earthquakes, floods, firestorms, hurricanes; military personnel and civilians in war zones; victims of large scale accidents, e.g.: the family members of the victims of TWA flight #800; and victims of sexual assault and terrorist acts, e.g.: the Oklahoma City bombing. The EMDR-HAP personnel have been trainers and group facilitators from the EMDR Institute who have volunteered their time and expertise to provide treatment and to train local mental health professionals in EMDR.
Keywords: Balkans ERMDR-HAP EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program
Accuracy Verified: Yes
107. Magliozzi, T., & Magliozzi, R. (2005, July 8). Stress therapy may help car crash victims. Seattle, WA: Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Final, Wheels, F1.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Dear Tom and Ray: Your recent column about the person experiencing trauma after her Toyota was rear-ended by some guy going 70 mph invited me to add my thoughts: I am a psychologist in Minnesota and have treated a number of car crash victims just like your reader. They are indeed suffering from a form of post-traumatic stress disorder, and can easily be helped by a therapeutic procedure called EMDR - eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Don't ask me to explain how it works, but believe me, it does. I have treated car crash victims, carjacking victims, rape victims and holdup victims with the same method of EMDR. They were symptom-free - and stayed that way - after just one session of the procedure. Pretty amazing. It wasn't me; it was the procedure that did the work, along with the client's own brain - which helped reprocess the trauma memory. So, tell this woman to go to the EMDR Web site, www.emdria.org, and click on the link for Find an EMDR Therapist. She should get relief from her symptoms quite rapidly - and they'll stay away. I wish her the best. - Ken
Keywords: Letter Motor Vehicle Accidents Seattle
Accuracy Verified: Yes
108. Dieffenbach, I. (2010, June). TAFO study II (Task force) long-term evaluation of specific therapeutic early interventions following acute strain among children and adolescents with multiple trauma experience. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Existing research into the after effects of
traumatic experiences with regard to children and adolescents
is scanty. Early intervention is intended to prevent or at least
reduce chronic manifestation of acute traumatic strain (Zehnder,
Hornung & Lanolt, 2006) since such strain has a negative
impact on the child's day-to-day quality of life and overall development, including the development and functioning of the
brain (Cohen, Perel, DeBellis, Friedman & Putnam, 2002).
Studies of multiple trauma among adults and adolescents have
shown that the severity of any impairment upon their psychological
health must be seen in relation to the number of traumatic experiences
that took place during childhood (Turner RJ, Lloyd DA
1995, Finkelhor D, Omrod RK, Turner HA 2007-1, Finkelhor D,
Omrod RK, Turner HA 2007-11, Holt MK. Finkelhor D, Kantor CK
2007). In this process, interpersonal traumatic experiences such
as accidents or severe illnesses can adversely affect development
as much as traumatic exposure connected to elements of crime.
Objectives: Interventions following acute traumatic strain will
be examined with regard to the symptoms and the mental
health of children and adolescents with multiple trauma experience
in the long term. The study will examine whether early
intervention has a positive effect on symptoms and whether
such effects are of a short or long-term nature.
The study should show whether gender specific and/or age
specific correlation can be identified in the development of
symptoms according to specific types of trauma, and whether
risk groups can be identified as a result.
The study will examine whether there exists an independent sub-group of children with multiple trauma under the age of 6,
whose symptoms correspond to a developmental trauma disorder
(van der Kolk 2005).
Methods: The study will be divided into a retrospective and
prospective part. The retrospective part will contain an examination of the treatment results of 150 children and adolescents
with multiple trauma experiences in the Vestische Children's
Clinic in Datteln between 2002 and 2009. This will be followed
by an evaluation of the treatment results by way of a newly
developed telephone catamnesis, based on validated questionnaires
(CRIES-13, ILK, Telekat) for measurement points TI-T3
Results: First results of the retrospective examination of children
and adolescents with multiple trauma experience will be presented
in comparison to the results of the evaluation of specific
therapeutic early interventions following acute strain among
children and adolescents with mono trauma experience.
Keywords: Acute Stress Adolescents Children Early Intervention Multiple Trauma Incidents Symposium TAFO
Accuracy Verified: Yes
109. Ansorge, R. (1997, April 22). Taming the terror: Local therapists seek to ease children’s fears with a relatively new – and controversial - technique. Colorado Springs, CO: Gazette, Lifestyle, 1.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
The Tibbetts (not their real name) credit EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing - a relatively new technique used on adults to defuse memories of traumatic events ranging from surgery and car accidents to combat and rape.
Keywords: Children Colorado Springs General Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
110. Tarquinio, C., Fayard, A., & Tarquinio, P. (2007, Juin). Thérapie EMDR chez des vicimes d'accident d'automobile: Une suivi de 6 mois [A 6 month follow-up if victims of automobile accidents undergoing EMDR therapy]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objectif: présenter les résultats d'une étude réalisée dans le cadre du traitement des victimes de la route. Nous avons fait la distinction entre les sujets qui ont présenté un (complet n = 16) ou une forme partielle (n = 8) du syndrome de stress post-traumatique (définie par la présence de grappes A et B et l'un des groupes C ou D ).
Sujets: Toutes les victimes (âge moyen: 34,3, s = 4,19; 17 hommes et 7 femmes) ont subi une thérapie EMDR pour quatre séances de 90 minutes. Les sujets ont été inclus dans le projet thérapeutique de 18 mois et ont été suivis pendant 6 mois après la fin de la thérapie.
Procédure: Les sujets ont été envoyées par différentes associations de victimes de consulter l'un des auteurs qui ont pris en charge tous les traitements, après la première consultation, une proposition a été faite au sujet de faire partie d'un protocole de recherche. Après des explications ont été données au diagnostic (complet vs partielle SSPT) a été faite par les deux autres co-auteurs qui ont également participé à l'évaluation des différentes phases.
Les sujets devaient ensuite répondre aux questions de l'échelle d'impact de l'événement d'Horowitz (Horowitz et al, 1979) et la State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI (Spielberger et al 1983). Dans le cadre du protocole thérapeutique, les sujets devaient faire une évaluation SUDS (Wolpe, 1990) qui mesure l'état de détresse concevable par le patient, évalué sur un formulaire échelle de 0 (aucun) à 10 (le pire). Ces différentes mesures ont été administrés à tous les sujets avant de commencer le traitement (T1), après quatre séances de l'EMDR (T2), et six mois plus tard (T3).
Principaux résultats: En raison de la petite taille de l'échantillon et une distribution non normale, les données ont été traitées avec des tests non paramétriques (Mann et Whitney pour les groupes indépendants et de Wilcoxon pour les mesures appariées). [Tableau 1 de l'étude des données du Programme de la conférence originale abstraite ne figurent pas ici.]
Les différences entre le prétest, post-test et l'évaluation après six mois sont montrés également très importante, indiquant un effet très positif avec l'EMDR sur la réduction des symptômes intrusifs et d'évitement. Les effets positifs du traitement sur l'anxiété de la victime peuvent également être des notes, ainsi que sur la réduction de la mousse.
Objective: To present the results of a study carried out in the framework of treating road victims. We have made the distinction between the subjects who presented a complete (n=16) or a partial form (n=8) of post-traumatic stress disorder (defined by the presence of clusters A and B and one of the clusters C or D).
Subjects: All the victims (mean age: 34.3, s=4.19; 17 men and 7 women) underwent EMDR therapy for four 90 minute sessions. The subjects were included in the therapeutic project for 18 months and were followed for 6 months after the end of the therapy.
Procedure: The subjects were sent by different associations of victims to consult with one of the authors who took charge of all of the treatments, After the first consultation, a proposal was made to the subject to be part of a research protocol. After explanations were given the diagnosis (complete vs. partial PTSD) was made by the other two co-authors who also participated in evaluations of the different phases.
The subjects then had to answer questions from Horowitz’s Impact Event Scale (Horowitz et al, 1979) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI (Spielberger et al 1983). In the framework of therapeutic protocol, the subjects had to do a SUDS evaluation (Wolpe, 1990) which measures the state of distress conceivable by the patient, evaluated on a scale form 0 (none) to 10 (the worst). These different measures were administered to all of the subjects before beginning the therapy (T1), after four sessions of EMDR (T2), and six months later (T3).
Main results: Because of the small size of the sample and a non-normal distribution, the data was processed with non-parametric tests (Mann and Whitney for the independent groups and Wilcoxon for the paired measures). [Table 1 of study's data from the original Conference Program abstract not included here.]
The differences between the pretest, the posttest and the evaluation after six months are shown to be equally very significant, indicating a very positive effect with EMDR on the reduction of intrusive symptoms and avoidance. The positive effects of the treatment on the victim’s anxiety can also be notes, as well as on the reduction of the SUDS.
Keywords: Automobile Accident Motor Vehicle Accident
Accuracy Verified: Yes
111. Dellucci, H. (2010, Novembre). Thérapie EMDR et troubles dissociatifs [EMDR and dissociative disorders]. Presentation a la Pré-programme du colloque: Second séminaire Universitaire de recherche sur les dimensions intégratives dans la thérapie EMDR, Universite Paul Verlaine - METZ, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
La dissociation c’est… définition
Definition du DSM-IV-TR (APA 2000): « une rupture des fonctions
habituellement intégrées de la conscience, de la mémoire, de l’identité
ou de la perception de l’environnement »
Ne contient pas d’éléments somatoformes, comme des fonctions de
contrôle moteur ou de sensations physiques
Moreau de Tours (1845): dissociation comme un phénomène de
désagrégation psychique
Pierre Janet (1907): « …une maladie de la synthèse personnelle. » « Une
forme de dépression mentale caractérisée par la rétraction du champ de
la conscience et une tendance à la dissociation et à l’émancipation des
systèmes d’idées et des fonctions que constitue la personnalité. »
19e siècle: concepts de dissociation de la personnalité et dissociation de
conscience sont utilisés conjointement
Van der Hart, Nijenhuis & Steele (2006): il s’agit d’un « manque
d’intégration parmi deux ou plusieurs sous-systèmes psychobiologiques
de la personnalité, comme système entier, ces sous-systèmes endossant
chacun au moins un sens de Soi rudimentaire. » [Extrait]
The separation is ... Definition Definition of DSM-IV-TR (APA 2000), "a breakdown in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment" Do not contain any somatoform, as functions of motor control or physical sensations Moreau de Tours (1845): dissociation as a phenomenon of psychic disintegration Pierre Janet (1907): "... a disease of personal synthesis. "" A form of mental depression characterized by retraction of the field of consciousness and a tendency to dissociation and emancipation of the systems of ideas and functions that constitute personality. " 19th century concepts of dissociation of the personality and dissociation of consciousness are used in conjunction Van der Hart, Nijenhuis & Steele (2006): This is a" lack of integration among two or more subsystems psychobiological personality, as the entire system, these subsystems endorsing each at least a rudimentary sense of self. "[Excerpt]
Keywords: Dissociative Disorders Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
112. Tinker, R. H., & Wilson, S. A. (1999). Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children. New York W. W. Norton.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Explores the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents. The book demystifies the application of EMDR for children, from the first session with the parents to later sessions with children at all developmental stages. The adult protocol is modified so that it can be applied to children as young as two years old (and possibly younger). A system of classification of childhood trauma allows therapists to predict a child's response to EMDR is presented. Myriad cases illustrate the use of EMDR with various traumas. Many examples of simple traumas are presented, including automobile accidents, lightning strikes, bereavement, and specific phobias such as a fear of animals. In addition, cases illustrate success with complex traumas, where aspects of the trauma are ongoing and EMDR becomes part of several possible therapeutic interventions. EMDR is also discussed as an intervention for children who have problems that are not caused by trauma. Case illustrations show how EMDR can be used with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depressive, or reactive attachment disorders as well as learning difficulties and somatoform disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Children Mental Disorders Phobias Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Therapeutic Processes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
113. Kutz, I. (2009). To the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 57-58. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.57.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Reply by the current author to the comments made by Rosemary Masters (see record 2009-02768-007) on the original article by I. Kutz, V. Resnik and R. Dekel (see record 2008-13102-003). I sincerely thank Ms. Masters for her important comments. Indeed, to the list of confounding variables enumerated by Ms. Masters, one may add others like suggestibility. She may have missed the main point of the article—the immediacy of the response. By equating the epidemiological figures of natural recovery from trauma exposure to the numbers described in our study, Ms. Masters is comparing a process that progresses over several months to a process that occurred within a single session that lasted approximately 45 minutes. More strikingly, these dramatic changes in traumatic memories and intrusion distress are tightly correlated with the EMDR set, which lasted a minute or less and appeared within a minute or two after the set. However, since we did not systematically follow up on many of those patients we described, we should emphasize and restate that 50% of our population had complete immediate relief following a single session of EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Accidents Acute Stress Syndromes Bombing Attacks Intrusion Distress Letter Terrorist
Accuracy Verified: Yes
114. Punamaki, R.L., & Peltonen, K. (2008). Trauma among children and adolescents: Treatments and interventions. European Trauma Bulletin, 15(2), 3-13.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Keywords: Adolescents Children Accuracy Verified: Yes 115. Renssen, M. R. (2002). Traumatherapie na verkeersongevallen: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bij verkeersslachtoffers [Trauma therapy after traffic accidents: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in road casualties]. Dissertatie. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit. Language: Dutch Format: Dissertation/Thesis Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Roadside Casualties Traffic Accidents Whiplash Accuracy Verified: Yes 116. Kavakcı, Ö., Yildirim, O., & Swan, N. (2010). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve sınav kaygısı için EMDR: Olgu sunumu [EMDR for post traumatic stress disorder and test anxiety: A case report]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(1), 42-47. Language: Turkish Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Case Report Posttraumatic Stress Disorer PTSD Test Anxiety Traffic Accidents Accuracy Verified: Yes 117. Kavakci, O., Yildirim, O., & Kugu, N. (2010). Travma sonrasý stres bozukluðu ve sýnav
kaygýsý için EMDR: Olgu sunumu [EMDR for postraumatic stress disorder and test anxiety: A case report]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi[Journal of Clinical Psychology], 13(1), 42-47. Language: Turkish Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Test Anxiety Accuracy Verified: Yes 118. Greenwald, R. (1993, Spring). Treating children's nightmares with EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 3(1), 7-9. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Children Nightmares Single Traumatic Event Accuracy Verified: Yes 119. Puk, G. (1994, March). Treating motor vehicle trauma with EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accident Accuracy Verified: Yes 120. Russell, M. C. (2008, April). Treating traumatic amputation-related phantom limb pain: A case study utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing within the Armed Services. Clinical Case Studies, 7(2), 136-153. doi:10.1177/1534650107306292. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Clinical Case Study Military Pain Phantom Limb Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 121. van der Kolk, B. A., Hopper, J., & Spinazzola, J. (2004, November). Treatment integration of traumatic memories vs.
suppression of distress. Presentation at the 20th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Awareness During Anesthesia Fluoxetine Motor Vehicle Accidents Traumatic Memory Inventory Accuracy Verified: Yes 122. Barre, K. (2010, June). Treatment of dissociative amnesia after vehicle
accident with EMDR. In Accident victims. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Accident Victims Dissociative Amnesia Symposium Traffic Accidents Accuracy Verified: Yes 123. Hogberg, G., Pagani, M., Sundin, Ö., Soares, J., Aberg-Wistedt, A., Tarnell, B., & Hallström, T. (2008, May). Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Outcome is stable in 35-month follow-up. Psychiatry Research, 159(1-2), 101-108. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.019. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Accidents Adults Assault Conditioning Follow-up Study Longitudinal Study Occupational Health Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Railroad Accidents Swedes Transport Workers Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 124. Kleinknecht, R., & Morgan, M. (1992, March). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 23(1), 43-49. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(92)90024-D. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Assault Case Report Death of Spouse European Americans Males Motor Traffic Accidents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Predisposition PTSD Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 125. Holmshaw, M. (2009, June). Treatment of travel phobia resulting from road traffic accidents. In K. Zaal (Chair), Research). Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accident Research Road Traffic Accident Symposium Travel Phobia Accuracy Verified: Yes 126. Magliozzi, T., & Magliozzi, R. (2005, June 20). Treatment offers help for car crash victims. Charleston, WV: Charleston Daily Mail, Life, P2C. Language: English Format: Newspaper Abstract: Keywords: Charleston Letter Motor Vehical Accidents Accuracy Verified: Yes 127. Puk, G. (1993, March). A treatment protocol for motor vehicle accident trauma. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accident Accuracy Verified: Yes 128. Tinker, R. H. (2008, September). The use of EMDR with motor accident victims. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Victims Accuracy Verified: Yes 129. Wu K. K. (2002, June). Use of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing for treating post-traumatic stress disorder after a motor vehicle accident. Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry, 12(2), 20-24. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Case Report Chinese Males Middle Aged Motor Traffic Accidents Physical Pain Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 130. Puk, G. (1992, May). The use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in motor vehicle accident trauma. Presentation at the 8th annual meeting of the American College of Forensic Psychology, San Francisco, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accident Accuracy Verified: Yes 131. Blore, D. C. (1996, May). Use of eye movement to reduce stress after trauma. Nursing Times, 92(18), 43-45. Language: English Format: Magazine Abstract: Keywords: Adults British Industrial Accidents Personal Narrative Posttramatic Stress Disorder Psychologists PTSD Review Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 132. Kutz, I. (2007, June). The use of short-term EMDR for symptomic relief of acute stress syndrome in victims of the 2006 Israeli-Lebanese hostilities. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Acute Stress Syndrome Early Intervention War Accuracy Verified: Yes 133. Kutz, I. (2007, June). The use of single session EMDR protocol in acute stress syndromes (ASS). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Acute Stress Syndrome Early Intervention Accuracy Verified: Yes 134. de Jongh, A., Holmshaw, M., Carswell, W., & van Wijk, A.
(2011, March-APril). Usefulness of a trauma-focused treatment approach for travel phobia. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18(2), 124-37. doi:10.1002/cpp.680. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Phobia Travel Phobia Accuracy Verified: Yes 135. de Roos, C., & Veenstra, S. (2006, June). Using EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Chronic Pain Accuracy Verified: Yes 136. Tarquinio, C. (2007, August). Victims of accidents and EMDR therapy. Presentation at the 20th Conference of the European Health Psychology Society, Maastricht, Netherlands. Language: English Format: Conference Accuracy Verified: Yes 137. Gilman, G. (1995). Vision therapy. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(2), 21-23. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Vision Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 138. Bland, J., & Gresham, L. (1994, July 28-August 3). Visual effects. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Nursing Times, 89(30), 30-32. Language: English Format: Magazine Abstract: Keywords: British Case Report Males Middle Age Motor Traffic Accidents Nursing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 139. van der Hart, O. (2012, March). Waarom kennis van dissociatie en de dissociatieve stoornissen noodzakelijk is in EMDR-therapie [Why knowledge of dissociation and dissociative disorders is necessary in EMDR therapy]. Keynote presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland. Language: Dutch Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Dissociation Dissociative Disorders Keynote Accuracy Verified: Yes 140. Kemp M., Drummond P., & McDermott B. (2010, January). A wait-list controlled pilot study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms from motor vehicle accidents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 15(1), 5-25. doi:10.1177/1359104509339086. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Childhood Controlled Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 141. Scaer, R. (1999, February). Whiplash, pain and PTSD: The gain in pain comes mainly from the brain. Presentation at the Winter Brain Meeting, Palm Springs, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Pain Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Whiplash Accuracy Verified: Yes
Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) gelişmesine yol açan etkenlerden biri de trafik kazalarıdır ve Türkiye'de oldukça yaygındır. Göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR) son yıllarda özellikle travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda (TSSB) etkili olduğu gösterilmiş bir yaklaşımdır. Sınav kaygısı; öğrenciler için sıklıkla akademik alanda performans düşüklüğü ve psikolojik problemlerle birlikte olan önemli bir sorundur. Sınav kaygısı olanlar; değerlendirileceği zaman gerilim, endişe ve santral sinir sisteminin aşırı uyarılmasını içeren istenmeyen bir durum yaşarlar. Endişe içeren tekrarlayıcı düşünceler, kendini eleştiren felaketleştirici düşünceler, fizyolojik uyarılmışlık ve belirgin duygusal sıkıntı sınav kaygısına eşlik eder. Sınavlarla ilgili olumsuz deneyimler sınav kaygısının oluşmasına neden olabilmektedir. Sınav kaygısının tedavisi için çeşitli psikoterapi yöntemlerinin yararlı olduğu bildirilmiştir. Sınav kaygısı tedavisinde EMDR denediğini bildiren az sayıda yayın vardır. Bu çalışmada trafik kazası sonrası TSSB gelişen ve EMDR uygulanması sonucunda iyileşen 17 yaşında bir olgu sunulmuştur. TSSB belirtilerinin düzelmesinin ardından üniversite giriş sınavı ile ilgili yoğun korku ve kaygı bildiren hastada, bu kaygının önceki olumsuz sınav yaşantıları ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiş, bu yaşantılarına yönelik EMDR tedavisi sonunda sınav kaygısı belirtilerinde belirgin düzelme görülmüştür.
Prevalence of traffic accidents is very high in Turkey and traffic accidents are one of the underlying reasons of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new therapeutic method which is effective for PTSD. Test anxiety is a significant problem for students which leads to a decline in academic performance and cause severe psychological problems. People with test anxiety experience undesirable symptoms like tension, worry and overstimulation of the central nervous system when they are under evaluation. Recurrent worried, self-critical and catastrophic thoughts and physiologic arousal accompany test anxiety. Negative experiences about examinations can lead to test anxiety. Various psychoterapeutic approaches have been reported that are beneficial in the treatment of test anxiety. Few publications have reported trial of EMDR in the treatment of test anxiety. We describe a 17 year-old girl who had PTSD following a traffic accident and who was treated by EMDR. After treatment of PTSD, the girl reported intense fear and anxiety about the university entrance examination. This anxiety was associated with negative experiences about previous examinations. EMDR treatment focused on these negative experiences and significant improvement was obtained.
Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) gelişmesine yol açan etkenlerden biri de trafik kazalarıdır ve Türkiye'de oldukça yaygındır. Göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR) son yıllarda özellikle travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda (TSSB) etkili olduğu gösterilmiş bir yaklaşımdır. Sınav kaygısı; öğrenciler için sıklıkla akademik alanda performans düşüklüğü ve psikolojik problemlerle birlikte olan önemli bir sorundur. Sınav kaygısı olanlar; değerlendirileceği zaman gerilim, endişe ve santral sinir sisteminin aşırı uyarılmasını içeren istenmeyen bir durum yaşarlar. Endişe içeren tekrarlayıcı düşünceler, kendini eleştiren felaketleştirici düşünceler, fizyolojik uyarılmışlık ve belirgin duygusal sıkıntı sınav kaygısına eşlik eder. Sınavlarla ilgili olumsuz deneyimler sınav kaygısının oluşmasına neden olabilmektedir. Sınav kaygısının tedavisi için çeşitli psikoterapi yöntemlerinin yararlı olduğu bildirilmiştir. Sınav kaygısı tedavisinde EMDR denediğini bildiren az sayıda yayın vardır. Bu çalışmada trafik kazası sonrası TSSB gelişen ve EMDR uygulanması sonucunda iyileşen 17 yaşında bir olgu sunulmuştur. TSSB belirtilerinin düzelmesinin ardından üniversite giriş sınavı ile ilgili yoğun korku ve kaygı bildiren hastada, bu kaygının önceki olumsuz sınav yaşantıları ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiş, bu yaşantılarına yönelik EMDR tedavisi sonunda sınav kaygısı belirtilerinde belirgin düzelme görülmüştür.
Prevalence of traffic accidents is very high in Turkey and traffic accidents are one of the underlying reasons of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new therapeutic method which is effective for PTSD. Test anxiety is a significant problem for students which leads to a decline in academic performance and cause severe psychological problems. People with test anxiety experience undesirable symptoms like tension, worry and overstimulation of the central nervous system when they are under evaluation. Recurrent worried, self-critical and catastrophic thoughts and physiologic arousal accompany test anxiety. Negative experiences about examinations can lead to test anxiety. Various psychoterapeutic approaches have been reported that are beneficial in the treatment of test anxiety. Few publications have reported trial of EMDR in the treatment of test anxiety. We describe a 17 year-old girl who had PTSD following a traffic accident and who was treated by EMDR. After treatment of PTSD, the girl reported intense fear and anxiety about the university entrance examination. This anxiety was associated with negative experiences about previous examinations. EMDR treatment focused on these negative experiences and significant improvement was obtained.
This articles discusses a protocol that aI have found particularly useful in the treatment of children's nightmares which have manifested from a single traumatic event (e.g., care accidents and hurricanes).
Since September 2006, more than 725 service members from the global war on terrorism have survived combat-related traumatic amputations that often result in phantom limb pain (PLP) syndrome. Combat amputees are also at high risk of developing chronic mental health conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and clinical depression as they deal with wartime experiences, rehabilitation, and postrehabilitation adjustments. One active-duty patient was referred to a military outpatient clinic for treatment of PLP and PTSD following a traumatic leg amputation from a noncombat-related motor vehicle accident. Four sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) led to elimination of PLP and a significant reduction in PTSD, depression, and phantom limb tingling sensations. A detailed account of this treatment, as well as a review of the benefits of EMDR research and treatment in the military, is provided. The results are promising but in need of further research.
This presentation will review a series of three studies that investigated the
quality of traumatic memories in three subject populations, using the
Traumatic Memory Inventory (TMI- van der Kolk & Fisler, 1996): 1) victims
of interpersonal trauma, 2) victims of motor vehicle accidents, and 3)
patients who experienced awareness during anesthesia. We then will present
the results of the Memory component study from a large treatment outcome
study comparing EMDR and fluoxetine for PTSD which showed that,
following effective treatment with EMDR, the fragmentation of memory
imprints was resolved, while treatment with fluoxetine did not alter the
quality of traumatic memories, but suppressed subjective distress.
There is doubt if dissociative amnesias, the forgetting
of traumatic memories, are a helpful condition for a patient or
not. Clinically especially difficult is the situation if amnesias occur
after an accident, where the condition is possibly organically
based (like in a brain injury). Often the problems that these
patients face in rehabilitation are difficult to understand and
often the interventions that usually work with brain injuries are
only partially effective.
These situation will be illustrated by two cases of severe post accident
amnesias (10 weeks and 10 months) and their treatment.
Video documentation of the cases and their EMDR treatment
will be shown and discussed. Usually effective treatments had
been ineffective in both. Both however lost their symptoms and
remember the incidents fully after trauma-specific treatment.
Both patients have been stable for a year after the termination
of treatment.
PTSD is an anxiety disorder that may follow major psychological trauma. The disorder is longstanding, even chronic, and there is a need for effective treatment. The most effective short-term treatments are cognitive behavioural therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). 20 subjects with chronic PTSD following occupational health hazards from "person under train" accidents or assault at work were treated with five sessions of EMDR. They were assessed with psychometric scales and diagnostic interviews before treatment, directly after treatment, at 8 months, and at 35 months after the end of Therapy. The primary outcome variable was full diagnosis of PTSD according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Results from interview-based and self-evaluation psychometric scales were used as secondary outcome variables. Immediately following treatment, the patients were divided up into two groups, initial remitters (12 of 20) and non-remitters (8 of 20). There were no drop-outs during therapy, but 3 patients withdrew during follow-up. The initial result was maintained at the 35-month follow-up. The secondary outcome variables also showed a significant immediate change towards normality that was stable during the long-term follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, 83% of the initial remitters had full working capacity. [Author Abstract]
This case report describes the successful treatment of a PTSD using eye movement desensitization (EMD). The client, a 40-year-old male, presented with an 8-years history of PTSD following an incident in which he was shot with a hand gun and left dying. Using EMD treatment, this trauma was quickly densensitized. Two earlier traumas with similar themes then emerged and they too were desensitized. Test results, taken pre-treatment and posttreatment, along with the client's verbatim account of cognitive and behavioral changes 8 months later, converged to document the successful treatment outcome. [Author Abstract]
Your recent newspaper column regarding the person experiencing trauma after her Toyota was rear-ended by some guy going 70 mph invited me to add my thoughts: I am a psychologist in Minnesota and have treated a number of car-crash victims just like your reader. They are indeed suffering from a form of post-traumatic stress disorder, and can easily be helped by a therapeutic procedure called EMDR - eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Don't ask me to explain how it works, but believe me, it does. I have treated car-crash victims, carjacking victims, rape victims and holdup victims with the same method of EMDR. They were symptom-free - and stayed that way - after just one session of the procedure. Pretty amazing. It wasn't me; it was the procedure that did the work, along with the client's own brain - which helped reprocess the trauma memory. So, tell this woman to go to the EMDR Web site, www.emdria.org, and click on the link for Find a Therapist. She should get relief from her symptoms quite rapidly - and they will stay away. I wish her the best
Approximately 750,000 new cases of PTSD arise each year following MVAs in the US alone. The presenter will discuss targeting pain memories and dealing with closed head injuries, as well as PTSD when they co-morbidly occur in the same person. Case examples will be presented. Results of approximately 100 consecutive PTSD cases from MVAs will also be presented. The participant will be able to demonstrate knowledge of: How to treat pain memories within the EMDR protocol; How to treat closed head injuries within the EMDR protocol and; Treatment effectiveness of EMDR with this population.
This case report illustrates the utilisation of eye movement desensitisation reprocessing for treatment of PTSD after a motor vehicle accident. Standardised measurements (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-Revised) were adopted to monitor treatment effectiveness during various treatment phases. This case demonstrates the possible application of eye movement desensitisation reprocessing for the Chinese population and the treatment efficacy of eye movement desensitisation reprocessing for PTSD. The implications for future research are discussed. [Author Abstract]
In 1987 an accidental discovery revealed an association between certain eye movements and reduced levels of distress resulting from traumatic memories. The result was a new psychological intervention, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). The treatment consists of generating rapid and rhythmic eye movements while simultaneously holding traumatic images, thoughts and emotions in the active memory. This paper describes the experiences of one psychotherapist in using EMDR to treat people with PTSD. 6 case studies illustrate aspects of this complex treatment. [Author Abstract]
During the 2006 hostilities between Israel and the Hezbollah militia, many northern Israeli towns were under the continuous threat of rocket bombardment for several weeks. Thirty people who arrived at the general hospital with Acute Stress Reaction (ASR) and were found later to suffer from Acute Stress Syndrome (ASS) were treated by a group of senior EMDR clinicians with a two-session modified EMDR intervention.
The raw results indicate that about 50% of ASS outpatients treated with a brief modified EMDR protocol responded to a single session EMDR with an initial very significant (SUDs dropping or points or more) or a significant alleviation, of their, mostly intrusive, symptoms. The other half of the ASS population showed partial response or no response. We also report the results of a 7 month follow-up of these patients. The advantages and limitations of using the modified brief EMDR protocol in ASS victims are discussed. The response of prolonged war-stress to EMDR is compared to the reason of victim of a single trauma like terrorist attacks and road accidents.
The workshop provides novel concepts regarding the nature of Acute Stress Syndromes following research in Israel. The use of a single session, modified protocol for EMDR in ASS is described, following terror attacks, motor vehicle accidents, and the war with Lebanon. The following themes will be covered in the workshop.
Part one: Novel approaches to Acute Stress Syndromes – Redefining the time axis of SS; the diagnosis of Immediate; Acute Stress Reaction (ASR) and Prediction of Risk Vulnerability: A novel assessment tool; a review of Acute Post Traumatic Stress Syndromes and how they differ from chronic PTSD; the characteristics of intrusive phenomena in ASS; and a phase oriented intervention model for ASS.
Part Two: EMDR in ASS – A brief review regarding the nature of EMDR and PTSD; the modified brief EMDR Protocol; the use of a single session EMDR in ASS – in a GH practice, during terror attacks and following war situations; clinical demonstrations of a single session EMDR in ASS patients (video movies); indications, advantages and precautions using the single session EMDR intervention; and possible psycho-physiological mechanisms.
Despite its prevalence and potential impact on functioning, there are surprisingly little data regarding the treatment responsiveness of travel phobia. The purpose of this non-randomized study was to evaluate the usefulness of a trauma-focused treatment approach for travel phobia, or milder travel anxiety arising as a result of a road traffic accident. Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing were used to treat a sample of 184 patients, who were referred to a psychological rehabilitation provider. Patients in both treatment groups were encouraged to encounter their feared objects and situations between sessions. Specific (i.e., travel) phobia was diagnosed in 57% of cases. Patients in both treatment conditions showed equally large, and clinically significant, decreases in symptoms as indexed by three validated measures (Impact of Event Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and General Health Questionnaire), therapist ratings of treatment outcome, and a return to driving or travelling by car or motorbike. These improvements were obtained within an average course of 7.3 sessions of 1 hour each. Patients with travel phobia responded with a greater reduction of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms than those with milder travel anxiety. Passengers reported higher levels of trauma symptoms than drivers, but no difference in effectiveness of treatment was found between these groups. The results suggest that trauma-focused psychological interventions can be a treatment alternative for patients with travel anxiety. Given the seriousness of the clinical problems related to road traffic accidents more rigorous outcome research is warranted and needed. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message: As the literature on the treatment of travel phobia is largely limited to small-n studies, this is the largest naturalistic outcome study of the treatment of patients with fear and avoidance of travel, subsequent to a traumatic event, to date. Travel phobia following road traffic accidents should be regarded as a treatable psychological condition requiring a limited number of sessions. In a significant minority of cases the condition is unlikely to remit spontaneously, potentially disrupting occupational, social and personal adjustment. Besides a purely exposure, in vivo-based approach, a mainly trauma-focused approach, such as imagery exposure or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, can be an effective intervention for both travel phobia and milder forms of travel anxiety, and for both drivers and passengers.
This study group, EMDR and chronic pain, chronic pain related to traditional theories, treatments, and the relationship between trauma, stress and pain, including research results reveal that an entry be made. As a possible intervention in the treatment of chronic pain EMDR'ın reasons that will be explained. In addition, Update and Re-Processing of Eye Movements and insensitive amputation (legs cut off) then imagined the impact of chronic leg pain was a pilot study will be presented revealed. In the third part of the study, EMDR'ın will focus on the use in the treatment of chronic pain. Clinical issues, accidents occurring after the head and spine trauma, imaginary leg pain in patients who take pictures with the case will be examined. This presentation aims:
- Understanding of the relationship between trauma and chronic pain.
- Chronic pain is appropriate for study, EMDR can be consulted to distinguish those who.
- In the treatment of chronic pain-related knowledge and skills EMDR'ın increasing use.
Vision therapy is a series of clinical
procedures that improves the quality
of visual skills and vision perception.
It has a long clinical history dating
back tothe previous century. Itbegan
in England and France and was originally
named orthoptics. The name
orthoptics comes from ORTHO meaning
straight and OPTICS meaning
eyes. Many of the original techniques were dehcated to treating those who
had crossed or lazy eyes. In-the past
40 years, optometrists have further
developed vision therapy procedures
for treating vision related learning
problems, particularly those visual
problems that result in poor reading
abihty. Behavioral optometrists use
vision therapy to improve eye movements,
eye coordination, focusing and
vision perception. These are the sensory
motor components of vision.
The authors describe their success in using a dispatch rider's vivid images of his accident in Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR) to help him return to work following a road crash. [Adapted from Introduction] [Pilots]
Vroeger of laat moeten EMDR-therapeuten mensen met een traumagerelateerde dissociatieve stoornis in behandeling krijgen. De prevalentie van DSM-IV dissociatieve stoornissen onder psychiatrische patiënten is ongeveer 10%, waarvan de helft betrekking heeft op de dissociatieve identiteitsstoornis (DIS), dat wil zeggen, de meest complexe dissociatieve stoornis. De prevalentie van de ICD-10 dissociatieve stoornissen van motoriek en zintuiglijke gewaarwording zijn hier niet in mee gerekend, noch andere stoornissen die door dissociatie gekenmerkt worden. De vraag doet zich voor hoe het mogelijk is dat zelfs ervaren therapeuten kunnen opmerken dat ze nimmer patiënten met een dissociatieve stoornis zijn tegen gekomen. Een van de oorzaken is dat psychiatrisch epidemiologisch en klinisch onderzoek nog al te vaak de screening van dissociatieve stoornissen achterwege laat en dat het gezegde “onbekend maakt onbemind” zeker ook op de psychiatrie van toepassing is. Aan de andere kant maken de specialisten op dit terrein niet-ingewijde collega’s niet gemakkelijk. Over de vraag wat onder dissociatie moet worden bestaan, bijvoorbeeld, bestaan enorme meningsverschillen. En waaraan dissociatieve problematiek kan worden afgelezen, wordt evenmin erg duidelijk gemaakt. De doelen van deze presentatie zijn: (1) helderheid verschaffen over dissociatie; (2) het onderscheid laten zien tussen dissociatie van de persoonlijkheid en de manifestaties hiervan; (3) uitleg van de essentie van de theorie van structurele dissociatie; (4) wetenschappelijke evidentie voor dissociatie van de persoonlijkheid weergeven; en (5) laten zien hoe in EMDR-behandelingen van mensen met complexe traumagerelateerde dissociatie van hun persoonlijkheid betrokken moet worden.
Sooner or EMDR therapists should let people with trauma-related dissociative disorder treatment. The prevalence of DSM-IV dissociative disorders among psychiatric patients is approximately 10%, half of which relates to the dissociative identity disorder (DID), ie, the most complex dissociative disorder. The prevalence of ICD-10 dissociative disorders of motor function and sensation are not counted them, or other disorders that are characterized by their cleavage. The question arises how it is possible that even experienced therapists can observe that they never patients with dissociative disorder have encountered. One reason is that psychiatric epidemiological and clinical studies all too often the screening of dissociative disorders is neglected and that the saying "unknown, unloved 'certainly applies to psychiatry. On the other hand, the specialists in this field uninitiated colleagues is not easy. About what should be under dissociation exist, for example, there are enormous differences of opinion. And dissociative problems which can be read, is not very clear. The goals of this presentation are: (1) clarity about dissociation, (2) show the distinction between dissociation of the personality and manifestations, (3) explanation of the essence of the theory of structural dissociation, (4) scientific evidence for dissociation of personality show, and (5) show how EMDR treatments for people with complex trauma-related dissociation of personality should be involved.
The present study investigated the efficacy of four EMDR sessions in comparison to a six-week wait-list control condition in the treatment of 27 children (aged 6 to 12 years) suffering from persistent PTSD symptoms after a motor vehicle accident. An effect for EMDR was identified on primary outcome and process measures including the Child Post-Traumatic Stress - Reaction Index, clinician rated diagnostic criteria for PTSD, Subjective Units of Disturbance and Validity of Cognition scales. All participants initially met two or more PTSD criteria. After EMDR treatment, this decreased to 25% in the EMDR group but remained at 100% in the wait-list group. Parent ratings of their child's PTSD symptoms showed no improvement, nor did a range of non-trauma child self-report and parent-reported symptoms. Treatment gains were maintained at three and 12 month follow-up. These findings support the use of EMDR for treating symptoms of PTSD in children, although further replication and comparison studies are required.
The whiplash syndrome is a complex, poorly understood and controversial cluster of symptoms including spinal pain, cognitive dysfunction, neurologic symptoms and emotional complaints consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder. Perhaps its most perplexing feature is the fact that symptoms frequently are far out of proportion to the severity of the accident itself. The frequency of emotional symptoms has led many physicians to attribute symptoms of whiplash to somatization. The typical syndrome of whiplash includes chronic headaches, spinal and jaw pain, usually classified as myofascial pain. Neurologic symptoms include cognitive dysfunction, positional vertigo, balance disturbance, blurring of vision, photophobia and phonophobia, all of which are attributed to minor traumatic brain injury. Emotional complaints include driving phobias, irritability, hypervigilence, exaggerated startle, flashbacks, depression, nightmares and sleep disturbance. DSM IV compatible or subsyndromal forms of PTSD occur in up to 60% of patients.
I began to question the traumatic basis for whiplash when I discovered that most of my patients with delayed recovery had remarkable past histories of trauma, especially child abuse. I discovered that early and rigorous use of somatically based trauma therapies, especially EMDR and Somatic Experiencing resulted in clearing not only of emotional symptoms, but also neurologic and pain-related complaints in many cases. I have concluded that the neurophysiological basis for traumatization includes not only kindled arousal, explicit and procedural memory circuits, but also automatic patterns of neuromuscular bracing, stored in procedural memory analogous to motor skill memory. Bracing patterns of involved muscles represent protective motor reflexes from the moment of injury. Linked to memory and arousal, this kindled circuit leads to perpetuation of regional myofascial pain. Dissociation plays a major role in perpetuation of this phenomenon, and accounts for many of the unusual neurologic symptoms of whiplash.
This model conforms to current theories of PTSD as a model of kindling, but includes the somatic element that I believe is a universal part of the syndrome of traumatization. The pervasive neurohormonal effects of trauma account for the remarkable amount of somatic complaints in this syndrome, and may be the basis for many poorly understood chronic idiopathic disease processes. Incorporation of the neuromuscular system in the process of traumatization pleads for the study of somatically-based therapies for PTSD.