Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. Gannon, J. P. (2011, April). A brain-based peak performance model using meditation, EMDR and cardio imagery and rehearsal. Peak Performance Systems, San Francisco.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a new model of peak performance training based on applications of brain research to stimulate mental skill acquisition leading to enhanced performance capabilities. Brain-based techniques such as Mindfulness Meditation (MM), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cardio Imagery and Rehearsal (CIR) appear to stimulate various neurological processes including alpha and theta brain waves, higher interhemispheric coherence and reduced sympathetic nervous system arousal. Clinical application of these techniques in a preliminary pilot study with a variety of performers was shown in follow-up self-assessments to have enhanced performance outcomes on seven measures including reduced performance anxiety and self-consciousness, enhanced concentration and focus, improved memorization of performance routines and enhanced overall performance goals. The idea that specific performance routines can be installed using these brain-based techniques that enhance peak performance functioning on demand was supported by these findings.. However, the results of this pilot study are preliminary and further studies using a larger subject sample, empirically validated test measurements and independent control groups are necessary before these findings can be corroborated.
Keywords: Brain-Based Peak Performance Brainscripting Cardio Imagery and Rehearsal Flow Interhemispheric Coherence Mindfulness Meditation Neurofeedback Neuroplasticity Performance Anxiety Pilot Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Bodian, S. (1995). A case of past-life interweave. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(2), 3-4.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Although I spent 10 years as a Buddhist monk and meditation teacher before becoming a therapist, I have always considered myself an agnostic on the issue of reincarnation. So it was much to my surprise, and without any prompting on my Part, that one of my clients recently had a past-life experience during an EMDR session and
then spontaneously wove the experience into the reprocessing of a childhood memory.
Keywords: Past Life Interweave
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Allen, W. (2002). Coaching amateur athletes: From frozen to fearless. In L. Grodzki (Ed.), The new private practice: Therapist-coaches share stories, strategies, and advice (pp. 178-191). New York: W. W. Norton.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter presents a case study in which the coach, who works with amateur athletes, addresses the fear of an amateur horseback rider who broke her arm horseback riding but wanted to continue the sport. The author describes how she set the goals of addressing and diffusing the upsetting mindset; installing a cognitive-behavioral link to support new skill integration and application; and looking at the client's riding through the lens of an amateur but competitive athlete to see how she could best make certain training decisions. She discusses her tools and techniques, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), neurolinguistic programming, shamanic healing, and Buddhist meditation, and presents an extract from her first EMDR session with her silent thinking about the process as it unfolded. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
Keywords: Athletic Performance Buddhism Buddhist Meditation Coaches Coaching Amateur Athletes Emotional Trauma Fear Goals Horses Neurolinguistic Programming NLP Professional Development Shamanic Healing Shamanism Therapists
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Zangwill, W. (2001, June). Combining EMDR and meditation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This experiential workshop combines EMDR with meditation to teach EMDR clinicians how better to enhance client safety during and between sessions and to address issues of their own. Participants will practice specific meditative techniques for use with themselves and their clients.
Keywords: Meditation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Wagstaff, G. F., Cole, J., Wheatcroft, J., Marshall, M., & Barsby, I. (2007). A componential approach to hypnotic memory facilitation: Focused meditation, context reinstatement and eye movements. Contemporary Hypnosis, 24(3), 97-108. doi:10.1002/ch.334.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Although hypnosis is now less popular as an interviewing technique in forensic investigations than it used to be, recent evidence suggests that some of the components of hypnotic interviewing might still be useful in the development of brief memory facilitation procedures. Two experiments are described which continue this componential approach to hypnotic interviewing. In the first experiment, the effects on episodic memory of a brief context reinstatement (revivication) procedure were examined together with a focused breathing meditation technique which shares similarities with traditional hypnotic induction. A second experiment investigated the effects of horizontal eye movements which some have also associated with hypnotic responding. Results indicated that a combined context reinstatement and focused meditation procedure was more effective than context reinstatement alone in facilitating memory for an emotional event without the increase in false positive errors familiar to more traditional hypnosis techniques. In contrast, an instruction to perform horizontal eye movements was not effective in facilitating memory and, when combined with a suggestion for improved recall, produced higher confidence in incorrect responses. Implications are discussed. [Abstract from author]
Keywords: Accuracy Confidence Context Reinstatement Eye Movements Forensic Hypnosis Hypnotism Interviewing Meditation Memory Memory Facilitation Testing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Arnold, C. (2002). David Lister's 1999 paper. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
"I concur with David Lister's model of utilising EMDR in Medical Practice. My own
personal trauma has been around radical surgery when I was 24, which was life saving
but nonetheless changed the course of my life. The possibilities for healing are endless if
EMDR could be incorporated into complementary care units of hospitals that are becoming popular here in the USA. (Complementary care units are quite unlike British
health centres, complementary care units offer yoga, meditation, message, visualization,
relaxation techniques, hypnosis and biofeedback to patients suffering from a broad range
of medical problems, including those with catastrophic illness. Some include homeopathy
and herbal medicine as part of the treatment plan. These units have not been without
controversy, and administrators have waged a long and hard battle against the medical
establishment.)
Keywords: David Lister Letter
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Jaspers, J. (2011, May). De relatie tussen wetenschap en klinische praktijk [The relationship between science and clinical practice]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 32(2), 59-60. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0016-6.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
De discussie over mindfulness die in het vorige nummer van Psychologie & Gezondheid is gevoerd, wordt in dit nummer voortgezet. Frank Vernooij reageert op de eerdere bijdragen vanuit zijn klinische ervaring metmindfulnessmeditatietraining (MTT). Hij relativeert de bijdrage die vanuit de wetenschap kan worden geleverd aan de klinische praktijk in het algemeen en aan het vaststellen van de waarde en effectiviteit van mindfulness in het bijzonder. Ook in het vorige nummer werd door Maya Schroevers en haar collega’s en door Ivan Nyklíček het effectonderzoek naar MTT al positiever ingeschat dan door Remco Havermans, maar Vernooij gaat nog een stapje verder. Hij lijkt de mogelijkheden van de wetenschap om uitspraken te doen over de klinische praktijk niet hoog in te schatten. Havermans vermoedt zelfs dat Vernooij hem beschuldigt van sciëntisme, de overtuiging dat wetenschap superieur is aan alle andere interpretaties van het leven. Havermans maakt glashelder waarom hij vindt dat wetenschap een cruciale rol vervult voor een op evidentie gebaseerde klinische praktijk. Tevens stelt hij nogmaals vast dat de evidentie voor MMT te wensen overlaat en dat ook het meest recente onderzoek, gepubliceerd in 2010 en 2011, dezelfde methodologische tekorten kent als eerder effectonderzoek naar MMT. De zoekterm ‘mindfulnesss’ leverde voor 2010 en 2011 weliswaar bijna 400 citaties op, maar hieronder vond hij slechts vijf relevante MMT-trials. Bij zijn beschrijving van deze trials stelt Havermans terloops vast dat hoge impactfactoren van tijdschriften niet garant staan voor kwalitatief het best mogelijke onderzoek. Dit laatste is mogelijk een troost voor Sandra Mulkens en andere Nederlandse onderzoekers die, geheel in de huidige academische traditie, zo hoog mogelijk proberen te scoren in Engelstalige wetenschappelijke tijdschriften, lees haar column in dit nummer.
Naast effectonderzoek is onderzoek in de traditie van de experimentele psychopathologie (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) een beproefde manier om wetenschappelijke kennis te vergaren die van groot belang kan zijn voor de klinische praktijk. Het openingsartikel van dit nummer is hiervan een voorbeeld bij uitstek. Over de werkzame factoren van EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is veel gespeculeerd, maar nauwelijks iets bekend. Het onderzoek van Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard en collega’s heeft hierover een aannemelijk theoretisch model opgeleverd. De theorie dat belasting van het werkgeheugen een cruciale rol speelt bij het vervagen van negatieve en positieve herinneringen is door hen in een serie experimenten overtuigend aangetoond. Een van die experimenten wordt in het openingsartikel beschreven. De publicaties hierover (zowel Engelstalig als in het Nederlands) en de klinische implicaties die door de onderzoekers zijn geformuleerd, hebben tot veel reacties geleid. Gelet op de geschiedenis van EMDR in Nederland, met uitgesproken pleitbezorgers en criticasters, wekt dat wellicht weinig verbazing. In nummer 1 van Dth (Directieve therapie) van dit jaar reagerenWillen van der Does en Hellen Hornsveld op het model van Van den Hout en Engelhard en de consequenties ervan voor de klinische praktijk. Een opmerkelijke overeenkomst met de discussie over mindfulness is de verschillende interpretatie van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek, in dit geval de evidentie voor EMDR in vergelijking met cognitieve gedragstherapie (CGT): Van der Does (2011) meent dat EMDR net iets minder effectief is dan CGT, terwijl Hornsveld (2011) de conclusie trekt dat CGT, in het bijzonder imaginaire exposure, het aflegt tegen EMDR. Ook al waarschuwen beiden tegen al te snelle gevolgtrekkingen van dit experimenteel onderzoek bij niet-patiënten voor de klinische praktijk, nieuwe wetenschappelijke informatie lijkt vooral geïnterpreteerd te worden vanuit reeds eerder bestaande opvattingen en oordelen over EMDR en CGT. De suggestie van Van den Hout en Engelhard (2011) dat EMDR een gewone CGT-techniek kan worden, zal hen door de snel groeiende Vereniging EMDR Nederland niet in dank worden afgenomen, al hoopt Van der Does (2011) op decimering van het ledental.
Al met al blijkt uit deze recente discussies het spanningsveld tussen wetenschap en klinische praktijk. De ontwikkelingen in de (klinische) psychologie, waarbij de kloof tussen wetenschappers en clinici alleen maar lijkt toe te nemen, onder andere omdat het door de toenemende specialisaties steeds moeilijker wordt voor psychologen om beide beroepsrollen te combineren, doen daar geen goed aan.
The discussion about mindfulness in the previous issue of Psychology & Health are hereby continued in this issue. Frank Vernooij responding to previous contributions from his clinical experience mindfulness and meditation training (MTT). He puts the contribution that science can be delivered to the clinical practice in general and to determine the value and effectiveness of mindfulness in particular. In the previous issue was Schroevers Maya and her colleagues and by Ivan Nyklicek impact study MTT been more positive assessments than by Remco Havermans, Vernooij but goes one step further. He seems the ability of science to make statements about the clinical practice to estimate high. Havermans even suspects that he Vernooij accused of scientism, the belief that science is superior to all other interpretations of life. Havermans makes clear why he thinks science is a crucial role for an evidence-based clinical practice. Also, he once again that the evidence of MMT is inadequate and that the latest research, published in 2010 and 2011, has the same methodological shortcomings as earlier research on effects MMT. The search term 'mindfulnesss "delivered in 2010 and 2011, while nearly 400 citations, but below, he found only five relevant trials MMT. In his description of these trials suggests that high Havermans casually impact factors of journals does not guarantee the best quality research. The latter may be a comfort to Sandra Mulkens and Dutch researchers, all in the current academic tradition, try to score as high as possible in English scientific journals, read her column in this issue.
Besides effects research, research in the tradition of experimental psychopathology (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) a proven way to scientific knowledge is produced that may be important for clinical practice. The opening article of this issue is an example par excellence. On the effective factors of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has been much speculation but very little known. The study by Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard and colleagues has made a plausible theoretical model yielded. The theory that taxes working memory plays a crucial role in the blurring of negative and positive memories by them in a series of experiments convincingly demonstrated. One of those experiments in the opening article. The publications on this subject (both English and Dutch) and the clinical implications have been formulated by the investigators, have led to many responses. Given the history of EMDR in the Netherlands, with strong advocates and critics, suggests that perhaps little surprise. In a number of Dth (directive therapy) this year to respond to van der Does and Helen Horn Field on the model of van den Hout and Engelhard and its consequences for clinical practice. A remarkable agreement with the discussion of mindfulness is the different interpretations of scientific research, in this case the evidence for EMDR compared to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Van der Does (2011) believes that EMDR is slightly less effective than CBT, while Horn Field (2011) concludes that CBT, in particular imaginal exposure, it looses against EMDR. Although both warn against too rapid conclusions from this experimental study in non-patients for clinical practice, new scientific information seems to be interpreted from pre-existing beliefs and judgments about EMDR and CBT. The suggestion of Van den Hout and Engelhard (2011) that EMDR is a simple CBT techniques may be, will bring them through the fast-growing Netherlands Association EMDR not be appreciated, though hopes Van der Does (2011) on the decimation of the membership.
All in all, of these recent discussions the tension between science and clinical practice. Developments in the (clinical) psychology, where the gap between scientists and clinicians only seems to be increasing, partly because it is the increasing specialization is becoming increasingly difficult for psychologists to both professional roles to combine, do not do well.
Keywords: Mindfulness and Meditation Training, MTT
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Kilgarriff, N. G. (2000). Effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and mindfulness meditation in the treatment of dysthymic disorder. Argosy University, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Keywords: Dysthymic Disorders Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Eimer, B. N. (1995, June). EMDR applications for pain management. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The focus of this 3-hour workshop will be on using EMDR to alleviate emotional distress attendant to coping with acute physical
pain and living with chronic pain. Participants in this workshop will learn:
(a) how to conduct a targeted assessment of the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain;
(b) a guided pain healing meditation;
(c) an EMDR protocol for installing pain relief imagery and self-care techniques;
(d) an EMDR protocol for reprocessing covert pain talk, pain behaviors and pain-related memories;
(e) how to apply A.J. Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing substance abuse (i.e., Overeating,
drinking) and dependence on pain medication in this population.
The presentation will first address how to conduct a structured assessment that identifies targets for EMDR treatment. The
dysfunctional information package associated with chronic pain (termed the "biogram")and "seven keys" to understanding chronic
pain will be discussed. Then, essential principles for designing an effective individual psychotherapy program for the pain sufferer
will be presented.
Next, use of the "seven keys for constructing a guided healing meditation (i.e., Self-care technique) for the pain patient that also
incorporates Francine Shapiro's "light stream" and "spiral" guided meditations will be demonstrated. A script for this, termed the
"C.O.M.P.I.S.S. Pain Healing Meditation," will be distributed.
The workshop will then address how to introduce EMDR to the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain. What EMDR can
do and probably cannot do for pain patients will then be discussed. Next, principles for choosing an initial tarqet for reprocessing
will be discussed.
The presentation will then cover (with clinical case examples):
(1) Red flags and cautions to consider before proceeding with EMDR-
(2) What to do and what not to do if the patient is dissociative;
(3) How to "mirror" and install with EMDR empathic responses to underlying beliefs associated with
"secondary gains" minus primary losses;
(4) Teaching the distinction between pain sensations and suffering;
(5) How to teach and install with EMDR self-care and pain coping techniques such as pain relief
imagery, mental distraction techniques, safe place imagery, and positive motivation for healthy
self-care behaviors;
(6) How to directly address with the patient the application of "cognitive psychology" and imagery
for pain reduction;
(7) EMDR reprocessing of memories around the pain's origins;
(8) EMDR reprocessing of pain-related conflicts, negative beliefs, negative past experiences,
internalized self-identifications, self-punitive tendencies and self-defeating behaviors;
(9) Eliciting core negative pain coping cognitions and suggesting preferable positive cognitions to the pain patient;
(10) EMDR reprocessing of negative cognitions associated with depression and anxiety.
(11) Use of EMDR to facilitate mental rehearsal of coping responses to pain triggers;
(12) Material that often comes up in using EMDR with pain patients;
(13) Strategically restructuring patient "resistance" with coanitive interweave;
(14) Managing narcotic and pain medication seeking behavior and substance abuse;
(15) Use of Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing medication dependence and substance abuse in
this population;
(16) Treating pain patients who also have PTSD.
Videotaped case excerpts will be shown that illustrate important points covered.
If time permits, participants may be able to briefly discuss EMDR applications to specific medical and pain patient populations.
Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Pain Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Parnell, L. A. (2007, September). EMDR as a transpersonal psychotherapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is a powerful and effective psychotherapeutic method for healing trauma-based problems. In addition to its therapeutic effectiveness, it also leads in many cases to clients opening to transpersonal experiences. In this presentation, information on EMDR’s Adaptive Information Processing model and EMDR procedure are reviewed. Description and discussion of the spiritual unfoldment in EMDR clients is given, along with new research highlighting the following areas: the development of wisdom, compassion, trust in life, forgiveness, insights, epiphanies, experiences of spiritual freedom, and openings into the psychic realm (Turpin, 1999). Also included will be discussion of how to use EMDR to access and strengthen spiritual experiences, using EMDR with clients who have experienced near death experiences, and EMDR and after death communication to heal grief, including research using a new protocol, (Botkin, 1995, 2005). Suggestions on ways to enhance client’s spiritual experiences will be provided, as well as meditation practices.
Keywords: Transpersonal Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Monaco, M. V. (2000). EMDR, meditation and hypnosis: a model for brief psychotherapy. Argosy University, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Keywords: Hypnosis Meditation Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Henry-Schneider, P. (2007, September). Enhancing the flow toward mental health: Integrating EMDR and ai chi. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Ai Chi is a moving meditation in warm water that can be understood within the context of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. It can be utilized as part of the overall EMDR-oriented treatment plan, both to prepare for desensitization and as a way to close down incomplete sessions. It can also be part of performance enhancement EMDR. As a multimodal experience, Ai Chi helps to develop the body as a resource and parallels the interpersonal neurobiology definition of mental health. Unique qualities that Ai Chi offers will be explored. Participants will be given the opportunity to experience the process firsthand. Please Note: In order to fully participate, please bring a swimsuit or other suitable attire for use in a swimming pool.
Keywords: Ai Chi Meditation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Ranck, C., & Nutter, C. L. (2009, August). Ignite the genius within; Discover your full potential. Dutton Books.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This small (5.5x8") inspirational guide is based on principles of the therapy technique known as eye movement and desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The book's color photos, brief essays, and questions for reflection and meditation, when combined with a podcast soundtrack (available for download), are designed to stimulate both sides of the brain simultaneously to awaken creativity and break out of destructive mindsets. The images on every page come from diverse sources such as NASA, stock agencies, news services, nature photographers, and contemporary and classic artists; however, the reflections are original to the authors. Readers are advised to use headphones rather than speakers for the performance enhancement for artists and performers. She has appeared on national talk soundtrack. Ranck is an EMDR therapist and psychoanalyst, specializing in creativity and shows. Nutter is a freelance writer and photographer.
Keywords: Meditation Reflection
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Henry-Schneider, P. (2013, May). The importance of working with the mind/body system. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Ai Chi is a moving meditation in warm water. It is a powerful way to reinforce the body as a positive resource,
because it is a multimodal experience. Ai Chi involves being aware of the body in a warm, supportive, nurturing
environment. As Bessel van der Kolk points out, “Our brains will continue to take in new information and
construct new realities as long as our bodies feel safe.” (2003) Ai Chi reinforces feelings of safety, allowing clients
to build upon positive memories and to release negative ones. Ai Chi can be integrated into various stages of the
EMDR model. Given an increased awareness of the significance of somatic interventions, an introduction to a
little-known modality is important. Utilizing concepts of interpersonal neurobiology developed by Daniel Siegel,
levels of integration that constitute mental health will be explored. It will become clear that the characteristics
that represent integration are paralleled and reinforced by the Ai Chi process. This puts both EMDR and Ai
Chi within a broader context and demonstrates how Ai Chi can reinforce and expand the effects of EMDR. The
experience of incorporating a sense of well-being becomes both literal and metaphorical. Participants will
learn some of the movements on land and also watch a video of the process. Not only is Ai Chi suitable for most
populations, it is particularly helpful for people with chronic pain issues as well as an older population.
Learning Objectives:
• Come to a basic understanding of mental health from an interpersonal neurobiological point of view
• Learn about the practice of Ai Chi
• Explore how combining EMDR and Ai Chi can promote the 9 levels of integration described by Daniel Siegel
MD
• Hear about specific cases and how combining EMDR and Ai Chi has contributed to the resolution of a variety
of mental health issues
• Experience Ai Chi and/or watch video demonstrating Ai Chi.
Keywords: Ai Chi Mind/Body Connection
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Kannan, L. (2008, September). Meditation integrated EMDR as an effective technique for post trauma stress: An empirical study. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is essential to adapt EMDR to the culture specific complex demands of family trauma among Asian Indians. This presentation highlights empirical data on the effectiveness of an innovative technique i.e. Meditation Integrated EMDR (MIE) (Vipassana Mindfulness meditation + pranayama + EMDR) with those undergoing post trauma disorders after a family trauma. It introduces the participants to the theoretical basis and techniques of both MIE and EMDR, its adaptations and trains participants to apply to clients. The impact of therapy on SE, LOC, coping styles and overall QOL and their role as predictors of recovery is emphasized. Thus, participants gain a powerful strategy for the holistic treatment of familial trauma like divorce, infidelity, grief, domestic violence.
Keywords: Meditation Post Traumatic Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Kannan, L. (2010, July). Meditation integrated EMDR: An amalgamation of EMDR with traditional healing methods. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Ancient healing practices like meditation, yoga and pranayama have been found effective with a range of anxiety disorders
but also have their limitations. EMDR integrated with such techniques is well adapted to Eastern cultures and is effective
and more easily accepted with a range of traumatic events. This workshop will familiarize participants with various cultural
adaptations as well as ways to integrate traditional effective methods in dealing with traumatized events.
Participants will learn:
1. An overview of techniques derived from ancient Indian scriptures and healing methods like yoga, pranayama (breathing
techniques) and Vippasana meditation and their applications in modern psychotherapy.
2. More about research on how this works.
3. Similarities and parallels with EMDR and points of integration
4. How to integrate these strategies into the EMDR protocol
5. Pilot study on the effectiveness of this integrated technique in traumatized individual.
Keywords: Meditation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Bohart, A. (2001). A meditation on the nature of self-healing and personality change in psychotherapy based on Gendlin's theory of experiencing. Humanistic Psychologist, 29(1-3), 249-279. doi:10.1080/08873267.2001.9977016.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Keywords: Meditation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Glang, C. (1997, June). Meditation/Relaxation exercise. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(4), 5-7.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
For twenty years, I have been guiding most of my clients through a particular meditation/relaxation exercise. It seems widely applicable, and to be well received by most people. Recently, I have use eye movements to enhance the effect. For several clients, it has served as a positive introduction to EMDR, and an effective way to establish a very safe place, often with a spiritual feel to it.
Keywords: Meditation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Mindfulness meditation to enable attenuation on imagined exposure in PTSD - A single case study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Mindfulness mediation (based on Buddhist meditative techniques) has previously been advocated for depression relapse prevention and chronic pain reduction in former research trials (Teasdale; Kabat-zinn, etc.). Because the practice of mindfulness relates to body scans and focusing attention upon the body, it has been advised that it may cause problems in using such a method for sexual abuse and rape survivors, although no research appears to have been carried out in this area. In a single case study of child-sexual-abuse adult survivor who frequently dissociated and experienced “flashbacks” during clinical sessions, the methods of Mindfulness Mediation were introduced to her, in an attempt to keep an awareness of her surroundings whilst doing imagined exposure in for PDSD (post duress stress disorder). From dissociative phases, flashbacks and cognitive avoidance of stimuli, the client became able to focus on the traumatic information being presented and to emotionally relate and process trauma memories, which previously she had been unable to do. Her ability to attenuate upon traumatic information was increased, habituation was easier from a clinical perspective, her anxiety levels decreased (BAI) and her depression levels eased (BDI). (N.B. The client’s improved anxiety and depression scores may have been due to Mindfulness Mediation practices or to the processing of highly emotive information).
Conclusion: Mindfulness Meditation can be a useful adjunct to trauma processing when imagined exposure is being implemented for PTSD/PDSD for processing of un-integrated traumatic information, where dissociation, cognitive avoidance or flashbacks occur within the context of treatment, creating a barrier to habituation from traumatic information. [Two statistical charts which accompanied this abstract in the Conference Program entry have not been included here.]
Keywords: Attenuation Case Study Imagined Exposure Mindfulness Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Sun, T.-F.; Wu, C.-K.; Chiu, N.-M. (2004年，6月). Mindfulness meditation training combined with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in psychotherapy of an elderly patient. Chang Gung Medical Journal, 27(6), 464-469.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
We present our experiences with an elderly patient with depression that was attributed
to a surge of physical ailments who also had trauma-derived fear of having to undergo a tracheotomy.
He refused pharmacotherapy and was offered intensive training in Mindfulness
Meditation (MM) plus Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy
during the 2 weeks of hospitalization. This treatment combination had not been used previously.
We suggest that EMDR eliminated his fear of surgery, whereas MM relieved his
depression and attendant anxiety. However, the two techniques appeared to work synergistically.
Following his discharge, he continued to practice MM, which prevented the recurrence
of emotional distress, and even helped to reduce its causative physical symptoms. We offer
an explanation for the success of our combined treatments and discuss the potential usefulness
in specific psychotherapeutic situations. We also propose a place for MM within general
geriatric care, and point out the reluctance to consider the therapeutic value of meditation.
(Chang Gung Med J 2004;27:464-9)
Key words:
Keywords: Case Report Depression Geriatrics Meditation Mindfulness Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Zangwill, W. M., & Kosminsky, P. (2002, December). The need to strengthen the mindfulness component of EMDR. EMDRIA Newsletter, 7(4), 4-5.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Since we began using it in our work (12 and 5 years ago, respectively) we have
found EMDR to be the most powerful and effective form of therapy we have ever
used. Most of our EMDR work has ir~volvedh ealing the wounds caused by past
traumas and hurts, and helping to weaken clients' underlying maladaptive
schemas. For the past few years, however, we have become increasingly aware
of the need to put greater emphasis on another aspect of EMDR -that of
Mindfulness.
Keywords: Meditation Mindfulness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Lewis, B. (2009, July 4). New PTSD program answers need for comprehensive treatment. U.S. Department of Defense News Release.
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract: The first few weeks focus on learning basic coping skills such as how to reduce anxiety and fight fear, as well as yoga and meditation for relaxation. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, an evidence-based practice for treating PTSD, is also conducted during the early phases of the treatment program.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Jaspers, J. (2011, March). Over behandeleffectiviteit en verandermechanismen [About treatment effectiveness and change mechanisms]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(1), 3-4. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0001-0.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract: In het vorige nummer van Psychologie & Gezondheid schreef Remco Havermans een kritische forumbijdrage over mindfulness. Zijn stelling, dat de werkzaamheid van mindfulnessmeditatie nog onvoldoende is aangetoond om de toepassing ervan in de gezondheidszorg te rechtvaardigen, wordt in dit nummer beargumenteerd tegengesproken door Maya Schroevers en haar collega’s en door Ivan Nyklíček. Zijmenen dat het effectonderzoek naar mindfulness weliswaar nog uitgebreider en beter kan, maar dat het onderzoek tot nu toe voldoende evidentie heeft opgeleverd om toepassing te rechtvaardigen. Nyklíčekmerkt hierbij op dat in de psychologie een nieuwe therapie meestal eerst in de klinische praktijk jarenlang wordt toegepast voordat wetenschappelijk deugdelijk wordt onderzocht of de therapie wel werkt. Havermans blijkt verre van overtuigd en fileert de aangedragen evidentie genadeloos. Deze interessante discussie roept de vraag op wanneer we een behandeling evidence based mogen noemen. Het standpunt dat hiervan pas sprake kan zijn als gecontroleerd onderzoek de effectiviteit van de behandeling heeft aangetoond, zal door de meeste vakgenoten worden onderschreven. Maar wat is ‘gecontroleerd onderzoek’? Volstaat een wachtlijstcontrolegroep of moet de (nieuwe) behandeling worden vergeleken met andere actieve interventies, waarvan al eerder de effectiviteit is aangetoond?
Ook de relatie tussen praktijk en theorie is interessant. Afgezien van de vraag of de opmerking van Nyklíček nog steeds hout snijdt in deze tijd van evidence based interventies, is het wel verantwoord om op grote schaal een nieuwe psychologische interventie toe te passen als de effectiviteit of specifieke werkzaamheid nog niet is aangetoond? Havermans meent dat men een nieuwe gedragstherapeutische interventie ontwikkelt op basis van veelbelovende klinische observaties en gedragswetenschap, met andere woorden er moet ook een theoretische onderbouwing van de interventie zijn. Voor dit laatste is inderdaad veel te zeggen, maar de geschiedenis leert dat de theorieën die aanvankelijk als verklaring voor de werkzaamheid van de interventie werden geformuleerd, meestal bij nader inzien de toets van de wetenschappelijke kritiek niet konden doorstaan. Onderzoek in de traditie van de experimentele psychopathologie (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) heeft al heel wat reinigend werk verricht op theoretisch gebied.
Op de keper beschouwd is van heel wat evidence based interventies aangetoond dat deze effectief zijn, maar hoe deze werken is veelal nog onduidelijk of voor de theoretische onderbouwing ervan is nog onvoldoende steun gevonden. Het laatste Najaarscongres van de Vereniging voor Gedragstherapie en Cognitieve Therapie (VGCT) had als thema ‘Change. Verandermechanismen en cognitieve gedragstherapie’. Tijdens het congres werd duidelijk dat over de verandermechanismen van evidence based interventies nog veel onduidelijkheid bestaat en dat het onderzoek hiernaar soms verrassende resultaten laat zien (Jaspers, 2011). Het is bepaald niet alleen EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), waarover de theoretische inzichten zijn veranderd, ook al bestaat over de werkzaamheid van de interventie geen twijfel. In het volgend nummer van Psychologie & Gezondheid leest u hier meer over.
In dit nummer vindt u nog een forumbijdrage, waarin de spreekwoordelijke knuppel in het hoenderhok wordt gegooid. De prikkelende titel ‘Huidige behandeling depressie is weggegooid geld’ nodigt op zijn minst uit tot lezing. Hoezo weggegooid geld? Als er een probleem is waarvoor evidence based behandelingen bestaan, is het immers depressie. Kok en collega’s laten echter zien dat ondanks de enorme bedragen die jaarlijks in Nederland worden uitgegeven aan de behandeling van depressie, in de huidige financiering van de gezondheidszorg nog onvoldoende rekening wordt gehouden met het hoge risico op terugval bij depressie. Het door velen, om uiteenlopende redenen verfoeide DBC-systeem (Diagnose Behandel Combinatie) ontmoedigt om langdurig met behandelingen door te gaan. Bestaande effectieve interventies om het risico op terugval te verminderen worden nauwelijks toegepast, terwijl deze bij de behandeling van een vaak chronische aandoening als depressie uitdrukkelijk zijn aangewezen. Hiermee wijzen de auteurs impliciet op een belangrijke tekortkoming van het bestaande effectonderzoek: het gebrek aan evaluatie van de langetermijneffecten van de onderzochte interventie. Ook voor psychologische interventies bij depressie is duidelijk dat deze werkzaam zijn. En al geldt ook voor depressie dat we nog lang niet weten wat de specifieke werkingsmechanismen zijn (hoe deze werken), de noodzaak van implementatie van evidence based interventies om terugval te vermijden of uit te stellen kan niet genoeg worden benadrukt. Het recidiverend karakter maakt depressie immers tot een aandoening met zowel hoge maatschappelijke kosten als een zeer hoge ziektelast, lijdensdruk en risico op suïcide.
In the previous issue of Psychology & Health Havermans Jim wrote a critical forum posting about mindfulness. His thesis, that the efficacy of mindfulness meditation is insufficient evidence to its application in health care to justify, this issue argued contradicted by Schroevers Maya and her colleagues and by Ivan Nyklicek. Zijmenen mindful that the impact study, while still more extensive and better, but that the investigation so far has yielded enough evidence to justify the application. Nyklíčekmerkt in psychology here that a new therapy in clinical practice usually first applied for years before being properly scientifically investigated whether the therapy works. Havermans appears far from convinced the fillets and put forward evidence mercilessly. This interesting discussion raises the question if we may call evidence-based treatment. The view that this only if there can be controlled study the efficacy of treatment has shown, most colleagues will be endorsed. But what is 'controlled study'? Is a waiting list control group or to the (new) treatment are compared with other active interventions whose effectiveness has already been demonstrated?
The relationship between practice and theory is interesting. Apart from the question whether the remark Nyklicek still holds water in this era of evidence-based interventions, it is widely recognized for a new psychological intervention should be as specific activity or effectiveness is not proven? Havermans believes that a new behavioral intervention developed on the basis of promising clinical observations and behavioral science, in other words, there is also a theoretical justification for the intervention. For the latter is indeed much to say, but history shows that the theories initially as an explanation for the efficacy of the intervention were formulated, mostly on closer inspection the test of scientific criticism could not stand. Research in the tradition of experimental psychopathology (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) has a lot of work cleaning the theoretical field.
On closer examination of many evidence-based interventions shown to be effective, but how they work is often unclear whether the theoretical substantiation is found insufficient support. The last Autumn Congress of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy (VGCt)'s theme was "Change. Change mechanisms and cognitive behavioral therapy. During the conference it became clear that the change mechanisms of evidence-based interventions much uncertainty and that the research on this surprising results show (Jaspers, 2011). It provides not only EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), which the theoretical views have changed, even as to the efficacy of the intervention no doubt. In the next issue of Psychology & Health You can read more about.
In this issue you will find a forum posting where the proverbial cat among the pigeons thrown. The provocative title "Current treatment depression is a waste of money 'invites at least into reading. Why wasted? If there is a problem for which evidence-based treatments exist, it is indeed depression. Cook and colleagues reveal that despite the enormous sums spent each year in the Netherlands for the treatment of depression in the current financing of health care is still insufficiently taken into account the high risk of relapse in depression. By many, for various reasons detested system DBC (Diagnosis Treatment Combination) discourages long-term treatments to continue. Existing effective interventions to reduce the risk of relapse are rarely used, while in the treatment of a chronic condition such as depression often explicitly designated. This, the authors implied a major weakness in the current outcome research: the lack of evaluation of the long-term effects of the tested intervention. For psychological interventions for depression is clear that this work. And already includes a long depression that we do not know the specific mechanisms of action (how they work), the necessity of implementation of evidence-based interventions to prevent relapse or delay can not be overstated. The recurrent nature makes depression after a disease with both high social cost as a very high disease burden, distress and risk of suicide.
Keywords: Change Mechanisms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Lehrer, P. M., Woolfolk, R. L., & Sime, W. E. (2007). Principles and practice of stress management. (3rd. ed.) New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Recent years have seen significant advances in understanding psychosocial stress and its clinical management. Now in a thoroughly revised and expanded third edition, this comprehensive work reviews effective stress management techniques and their applications for treating psychological problems and enhancing physical health and performance. Bringing together recognized leaders in the field to present their respective approaches and demonstrate the nuts and bolts of intervention, the volume is structured for optimal use as a clinical reference and text. All chapters retained from the prior edition have been extensively rewritten, and many new chapters have been added. Part I examines conceptual foundations and describes basic mechanisms of stress and relaxation. Part II, the largest section, covers the full range of methods, including progressive relaxation, hypnosis, biofeedback, meditation, cognitive methods, and other therapies. Each tightly edited chapter: (1) Details the method's history, theoretical underpinnings, and evidence base; (2) Spells out assessment procedures and techniques; (3) Provides step-by-step implementation guidelines; (4) Considers common treatment obstacles and how to overcome them; (5) Discusses strategies for increasing patient motivation and adherence; and (6) Illustrates the method with an in-depth case example. New to the third edition are chapters on mindfulness meditation, neurofeedback, EMDR, breathing retraining, heart rate variability biofeedback, exercise therapy, and Qigong. Finally, Part III explores applications in mental health, behavioral medicine, and sport psychophysiology (another new topic in this edition), shedding light on which approaches are most suitable for particular problems. The concluding chapter reviews the clinical research literature and offers clear recommendations for improving outcomes. This timely, authoritative book is an indispensable resource for clinical and health psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, nurses, and other professionals interested in learning and using stress management techniques. It will serve as a text in graduate-level courses in stress management, behavioral medicine, social work in health care, and related areas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Stress Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Gery, L. (2001, January 28). Reason to hope. Boston, MA: The Boston Globe, Magazine, 4.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Body Institute, practiced meditation, and attended two different support groups. Although these methods certainly had their benefits, after five years I still felt as if I could slingshot into my deepest grief with the slightest trigger. I debated whether to try taking Prozac or find a therapist who could use EMDR. I chose the non-pharmaceutical route. I had no specific hopes for EMDR, especially since none of my previous treatments had succeeded in helping me move out of my depression. After only four EMDR sessions, I have noticed a significant shift in my attitude about the same triggers that would have otherwise caused me deep emotional pain. I have come to have hope again that, someday, I will be able to fully enjoy my life - a belief that I had long ago given up.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Simonson, E. L. (2009). School-based intervention programs for symptoms of traumatic stress. Universitetet i Stavenger, Stavenger, Norway.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This thesis attempts to provide an up-to-date overview of school-based intervention programs for symptoms of traumatic stress. The objectives were: 1) to identify school-based intervention programs for preventing or reducing symptoms of traumatic stress, 2) to examine the effectiveness of the intervention programs, and 3) to identify the accordance of the intervention programs with three current theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The three main academic databases used to locate the studies for this thesis were ERIC, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. Inclusionary/exclusionary criteria included: 1) use of a control group, 2) use of randomized/quasi-experimental design, 3) school setting, 4) participant exposure to a traumatic event, 5) targeted at the prevention/ reduction of symptoms of traumatic stress, 6) use of standardized instruments, and 7) not targeted Type II trauma. Using these criteria, 19 studies conducted in 11 different countries were selected. Unfortunately, school-based studies conducted in Norway were not located. The selected studies dealt with various types of trauma exposure such as natural disasters, community violence, and war. Fourteen of the studies used cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) methods as the main treatment approach. Other treatment approaches used included Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), mind-body techniques (e.g., guided imagery, relaxation techniques, and meditation), play therapy, art therapy, and drama. The findings of this thesis suggest that intervention provided within the school setting can be effective in helping children and adolescents following a variety of traumatic events. The majority of the studies had good results in relation to reducing symptoms of PTSD. Of the 19 studies, 14 had effect sizes in the medium to large range. Most of the intervention programs were found to be in accordance with the treatment recommendations of the three theories presented; however, none appeared to be explicitly based on the theories.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD School Intervention Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Krystal, S. (1994, March). Seizures, epilepsy and meditation. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Epilepsy Meditation Seizures
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Krystal, S. (1993, March). Seizures, epilepsy and meditation. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Epilepsy Meditation Seizures
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Tzan-Fu, S., & Nien-Mu, C. (2006, September). Synergism between mindfulness meditation training, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in psychotherapy of social phobia. Chang Gung Medical Journal, 29(4), 1-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
We report on the successful treatment of a psychiatric outpatient with long-term Social
Phobia (SP), at best only marginally responsive to pharmacotherapy. He was treated by Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) because we suspected that his phobia
derived from emotional trauma. He also received brief training in Mindfulness Meditation
(MM), which enhanced his initially poor response to EMDR. The patient practiced meditation
intensively during the treatment period and thereafter, and used it to relieve the distress
that he experienced during both real and deliberately-imagined phobic situations. He recognized
this distress pattern as identical to the one he reported to his EMDR therapist while
processing traumatic images. The patient’s condition was much improved at discharge and
he continued to practice meditation during 31/2 years of follow-up to sustain his relief. The
two therapeutic approaches appear to be synergistic and useful in treating SP. We also comment
on the usefulness of providing brief MM training, especially to highly-motivated
patients. (Chang Gung Med J 2006;29(4 Suppl):1-5)
Keywords: Case Report Mindfulness Meditation Social Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Parnell, L. A., & Cohn, L. (1998, July). Transforming sexual abuse trauma with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) how to best integrate EMDR into their work with sexual abuse survivors; 2) how to use imagery techniques throughout EMDR treatment of sexual abuse survivors and in the beginning, middle, and end of individual ongoing EMDR sessions; 3) how to use art throughout EMDR treatment with sexual abuse survivors; 4) how to use cognitive and imaginal interweaves when clients are looping or stuck in the processing of a traumatic event; and 5) several techniques for closing down EMDR sessions, including use of imagery, art, and meditation.
Keywords: Art Closing A Session Cognitive Interweave Imagery Techniques Imaginal Interweave Meditation Sexual Abuse Survivors Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Krystal, D. S., Berbower, S., Katz, I., Pregerson, S., Slyman, S., & Wager, J. (1995, June). Transpersonal psychotherapy panel: EMDR & transpersonal approaches to psychotherapy. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
1) In the Transpersonal approach to psychotherapy, the existence is acknowledged and the presence is invoked of a higher
order of Consciousness, the already healthy and perfect organizing principle that Jung called the Self. After using EMDR
to process and integrate the personal history, it is possible to transcend the personal self and its strong beliefs and attitudes,
and to rest in a state of no-mind or Self, which is beyond or before the experience of duality, and is often recognized as
emptiness, peace, contentment, wisdom and love. It is from this state that the therapist can best use EMDR, fully listening
to the Oneness of himself and the client. This listening is often called intuition. In addition to introducing the
Transpersonal approach in general, Sheila Krystal will present psychotherapy as Satsang and describe the use of EMDR to
facilitate movement from self to Self. She will discuss the state of mind most effective for the therapist to enter while using
EMDR and will lead a meditation to help create this no-mind state.
2) Joan Wager will present the basic premises of body-based psychology within a Transpersonal content and its relationship to
EMDR, illustrating through discussion and case presentation how embodied consciousness, wisdom, compassion, concern
for all sentient beings, is the path of body-based transpersonal psychology. She will show how, as we broaden., our concept
of who we are, and as body, emotions and mind become integrated, we experience transformation of our being with a new
sense of Self in relation to others and the universe.
3) Suzanne Slyman will demonstrate, through theoretical discussion and case presentations, how she combines Gestalt, Self-
Acceptance-Training, Transpersonal approaches to psychotherapy, and EMDR She will emphasize several interesting
commonalties in these approaches to psychotherapy, including the following; each relies on the belief that there is, in every
individual, an inner organizing principle that moves towards wholeness, each assumes that we are self-regulating
organisms, each understands and values the power of being witness to the present moment, and each makes room for the
client to discover a heretofore "unimaginable outcome" to his or her work.
The Enneagram is an ancient psychological typology that describes nine personality types and their interrelationships.
Each type is defined by a chief mental and emotional preoccupation to which attention habitually returns. The types
correlate well with the diagnostic categories of current psychological practice, but can open us to the fact that the repeating
preoccupation of heart and mind that we in the West tend to dismiss as merely neurotic can also be used as potential access
points to higher states of consciousness.
5) During their presentation, Sharon Berbower and Suzanne Pregerson will explore their use of the Enneagram and EMDR
especially examining how EMDR can access the core personality strategies and defense mechanisms of each of the nine
types. With the deconstruction of the habitual responses of the personality, the possibility exists for the emergence of 'True
Self. EMDR may be a key to the profound transformation of personality types.
6) Irv Katz will then make a concluding presentation including tying the earlier presentations together and facilitating a
question and answer period between the audience and the panel members.
Keywords: Guided Imagery Hypnosis Panel Transpersonal Transpersonal Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. van der Kolk, B. (2011, November). Treating trauma: Helping the entire organism feel safe and live in the present. Presentation at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trauma affects the entire human organism, which gets stuck in neruobiological, immunological and relational survival modes. Neuroscience research shows that the brain regions most affected by trauma are involved in attention and perception, biasing the organism into preceiving threat and annihilation. The subcortical process are independent from conscious appraisal and conscious control. This presentation will focus on evidence based treatments that address basic issues of safety, threat appraisal and embodied awareness, illustrated by EMDR, meditation, yoga, theater, martial arts and sensory integration.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Parnell, L. (1995, June). The use of imaginal and cognitive interweaves with sexual abuse survivors. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This hour and a half presentation addresses the use of cognitive and imaginal interweaves in the treatment of adult survivors of
sexual abuse. The overall course of treatment with EMDR is briefly outlined including a variety of interweave interventions for use
in the beginning, middle and end of EMDR sessions.
In working with sexual abuse survivors with EMDR it is important to understand the issues commonly encountered in their
treatment. These include issues of safety, trust, responsibility, choice/control, interpersonal relationships, body awareness and
image, sexuality and self esteem. A sexual abuse assessment can be taken which includes information on the perpetrator(s), severity
and frequency of abuse, type of abuse, age of onset of abuse, duration of abuse, disclosure and family response.
Sexual abuse survivors present themselves in treatment in different ways. Some clients come to treatment remembering abuse and
want to clear it with EMDR. Other clients come to treatment with no clear memories of incidents but have a "feeling" something
happened to them and have symptoms of abuse. There are clients who have no clear memories but something has triggered
flashbacks and nightmares of sexual abuse. Finally, there are clients who have no memory of abuse and come to therapy for another
reason but uncover what they believe to be sexual abuse memories with EMDR.
There are three phases of treatment in sexual abuse cases. In the beginning phase, a history is taken and there is the establishment
of a trusting relationship. The client is prepared for EMDR. In the middle phase, there is the reprocessing and working through of
traumatic memories and transference work. In the end phase of treatment there is integration of the information which has been
uncovered and preparation for life outside of therapy.
Interweaves can be utilized in the beginning, middle and end of EMDR sessions.
In the beginning of individual EMDR sessions there is a check-in with clients to see how they have been doing during the week.
What has come up for them in their dreams or daily life since the last session? Next there is the selection and development of targets
for EMDR (body sensation, memory, flashback, symptom, dream, feeling, vague sense, negative cognition or drawing).
A safe place is then established where the client can go at the beginning, middle or end of the session as needed. Along with the
safe place an inner advisor or other inner resources can be contacted and developed for use in sessions. A connection with the
client's inner child is important which can be done through the use of guided imagery, photographs and/or artwork.
Instructions on how EMDR will be used are given with attention paid to issues of safety and control (they are in control, they can
stop at any time, they can return to the safe place, they know the signal for stop). Negative and positive cognitions are established
along with the EMDR protocol.
In the middle of individual EMDR sessions there are commonly problems with looping or being "stuck." This seems to occur
frequently with sexual abuse survivors because of the intensity of the trauma and because the child self is often frozen in time
lacking access to the adult self's information. Ways to work with this include looking for the blocking beliefs (i.e., The perpetrator
can hurt me), look for blocking images, and talking to the child part (what does he/she need?).
Imaginal and cognitive interweaves can be used in a variety of different ways in the middle of EMDR sessions. Some of these
include: imagining the adult self helping the child self in the traumatic scene, bringing in inner and outer resources for help (i.e., a
powdl imaginary being, a strong loving fiend, the therapist, etc.), and reality check interweave where is the perpetrator now?, can
helshe hurt you now?) It is also important to educate the child part that his or her feelings are normal, sexual feelings are normal etc.
It can be helpful to ask the adult self to talk to the child self explaining things to the child. Another useful interweave is to have the
adult self hold the perpetrator and allow the child to beat him or her up or have the adult self beat up the perpetrator allowing anger
to be expressed safely. Asking clients if they would like to return to the safe place for a break can also be helpful if they are feeling
too overwhelmed.
There are a number of ways to end or close incomplete EMDR sessions. Often it will not be possible to completely clear a traumatic
memory in a session or the memory worked on is completed but connected to a whole network of other traumatic events. For these
cases there are a number of interweaves that can be used. Clients can be requested to have the adult self comfort the child self in the .
safe place. The client can imagine putting the scary unfinished disturbance that has been uncovered in a file folder, box, safe, leave
it in the therapist's office, etc. The client can return to the safe place where the child and adult selves can play together. The adult
can comfort the child or do whatever is needed to create safety and containment. Clients can imagine their child self being held by
protector figures repeating cognitions related to safety, responsibility and choice. They can also be asked what they learned from the
session, installing their response with eye movements.
It is helpful to give homework to clients such as journaling, artwork, walks in nature, meditation, stress reduction, group work,
exercise, nutritious diet, and restriction of drugs and alcohol. Loving Kindness or Metta Meditation is another very helpful tool for
teaching self soothihg to adult survivors of sexual abuse.
Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Imaginal Interweave Sexual Abuse Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Zilbergeld, B. (1995, June). Using EMDR in the treatment of sexual problems. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation is based entirely on my own clinical work and discussions with a few other sex therapists who use it in their work.
I am well aware of the lack of solid research to back up my claims and to provide evidence of their generalizability to other clients,
therapists, and situations.
1. Why EMDR is used so little in treating common sexual dysfunctions and dissatisfactions.
2. Why EMDR is relevant and appropriate in treating these problems. Everything depends on how we define trauma. If
we use a broad definition - one that includes humiliations, embarrassments, anxiety, as well as hurts and wounds -the
relevance of EMDR becomes obvious.
3. The kinds of causative and maintaining issues in sex cases that EMDR can be helpful for. These include anticipatory
anxiety, unresolved early learnings about intimacy and sexuality, and current and past relationship fears and hurts.
4. Case examples of EMDR in the treatment of dysfunctions and dissatisfactions: orgasm and erection difficulties, rapid
ejaculation, and desire/frequency complaints.
5. EMDR and meditation. I have found that for some clients meditation is a valuable adjunct to EMDR. It serves as a
safe place for them and has also been helpful in bringing up issues that need work as well as a place to process and
integrate material that comes up in EMDR. No special instructions are required; the very act of meditation does the
bringing up of issues and processing on its own.
6. Litations of EMDR in dealing with cases of sexual problems. As far as I know, EMDR by itself has not resulted in
complete resolution of a presenting sexual problem While extremely helphful in many cases, EMDR has to be viewed
as one tool in a comprehensive treatment package. This means that those who use it need to have knowledge of and
experience with the tools of sex therapy and marital therapy. EMDR is also limited, as are all therapy methods, by the
dynamics of the relationship in which the sexual difficulty exists. While it can help resolve past wounds inflicted by
the partner, it will not be effective in the long run if the relationship continues to feel unsafe.
7. There is a critical need for good research to back up claims of EMDR's benefits with sexual cases and to determine
exactly how and when to use the method to maximum effect.
Keywords: Sexual Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes