Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. Qian Ge (2009). 汶川震后心理危机的早期干预:文献综述与评价 [Early mental crisis intervention to post-disaster in Wenchuan Earthquake: Literature review and evaluation]. 兰州学刊 2009年 第03期 [Lanzhou Academic Journal, 3].
Language: Chinese
Format: Journal
Abstract:
四）眼动脱敏再加工技术（Eye Movement Desensitizationand Reprocessing，EMDR）EMDR是一种可以在短短数次晤谈之后，便可在不用药物的情形下，有效减轻心理创伤程度及重建希望和信心的治疗方法。其治疗程序包括了八个阶段，具体见表4：表4眼动脱敏再加工技
(Fourthly, EMDR is a treatment which can effectively alleviate the psychological trauma and rebuild hope and confidence after a short period of time for treatment without medication. The treatment procedure includes eight stages, which are shown in details in the table.)
Keywords: Crisis Intervention Literature Review: Wenchuan Earthquake
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. 김 [Kim, D.] (2009). 직장 스트레스로 악화된 뚜렛 장애의 EMDR： 단일 증례 연구 [A single case study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with tourette’s disorder aggravated by stress at work]. Mental Health Research, 28, 14-20.
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
뚜렛 장애(Tourette’s disorder)는 다발성 운동 틱과 한
개 이상의 음성 틱이 1년 이상 나타나며 틱이 없는 기간이
3개월 이하일 때 진단된다.1) 이 장애는 만성적인 경과를 밟
으며, 많은 환자들이 성인기에 접어 들면 증상이 호전되지만
더 심해지는 경우도 있어 그 개인차가 크다.2) 또한 틱증상이
악화되었다가 호전되는 패턴이 삽화처럼 존재하기 때문에 약
물치료의 시작하는 시점이나 그 효과 판별에 주의를 요한다.
예를 들어, 악화기엔 어떠한 약물도 그 효과가 적기 때문에
이 시점에서 유용성을 판단하기 어렵다.3)
뚜렛 장애의 치료는 약물치료가 1차 선택 치료이지만 많
은 환자들이 원치 않는 부작용 때문에 약물복용을 거절하거
나 중단한다. 또한 일부는 약물의 효과가 없으며, 있다고 해
도 그 효과는 제한적이다.4) 한 연구에 의하면 평균적인 약물
반응은 틱 증상의 50% 전도 감소라고 한다.5) 따라서 약물
치료와 병용할 수 있는 효과적인 정신치료의 필요성이 요구
되고 있다.
뚜렛이나 틱 장애의 대표적인 정신치료는 습관 반전(habit
reversal) 이라는 행동치료이다.6) 그외에도 인식 훈련, 자기
주장 훈련, 인지치료, 이완치료 등이 있다.4) 현재까지 가장
효과의 준거가 강한 것은 습관반전이며7) 그 외 정신치료에
대한 연구 축적은 부족한 실정이다. 뚜렛장애에 대한 정신치
료는 증상의 완화 뿐 아니라 질환을 이해시키고, 자존감을
높이며 사회적 기능을 향상시키는 데 중요한 역할은 한다.8)
비교적 최근 심리적 외상 치료로 개발된 안구운동 민감소실
및 재처리 요법(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprecessing,
EMDR)이 여러 임상 영역에 활발하게 쓰이면서 그
관심을 받고 있다.9) 외상후 스트레스 장애 외의 불안장애에
부터 보다 최근에는 우울증과 정신분열병에 까지 시도되고
있는 실정이다.10,11) 이 증례는 직장 스트레스로 악화된 뚜렛
환자에게 EMDR을 사용하여 성공적으로 치료한 경험을 공
유하고자 작성되었다.
This single case report involves a 24 year-old woman with Tourette’s syndrome who experienced exacerbation of tic symptoms after
stressful events at work. After eight months of unsuccessful pharmacotherapy, the five sessions of EMDR was tried targeting the events,
which resulted in significant reduction in tic and stress symptoms to previous level. In fact, she felt so good that she discontinued her
medication after two sessions but maintained her improvement throughout treatment period. Two years after termination of treatment
she was reported to have been doing great at work although she continued to display her tics at usual, mild level.
Keywords: Tic Disorder Tourette’s Disorder Psychotherapy Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. 이선혜; 김석현; & 김대호 [Lee, Sun Hye, Kim, Seok Hyeon, & Kim, Daeho] (2007). 차 항우울제 치료에 반응 않는 외상후 스트레스 장애의 EMDR 병합 치료 증례 [ Add-on EMDR for posttraumatic stress disorder not responding to initial antidepressant therapy：Case report]. 생물치료정신의학 제13권 제2호, 46 [Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapy in Psychiatry, 13(2), 346-351].
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
외상후 스트레스 장애 (PTSD)의 치료 전략에 대한 문학의 성장 본문있다. 그리고 metaanalyses 및 임상 지침 등장으로 진행합니다. CBT 또는 EMDR이 인구에 대한 치료의 첫번째 라인에 대한 권장되었습니다 최근 외상 중심. 그러나, 아주 작은 문학은 약물과 PTSD의 심리 치료의 통합 치료를위한 존재합니다. 이 사건 보고서는 처음 약은 치료에 대응하는 데 실패하지만, EMDR이 추가된 후에 나중에 향상했다 PTSD 두 개인을 소개합니다. 또한 제어 연구는이 찾는 일반화하기 위해 필요합니다.
There is a growing body of literature on the treatment strategy of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). And metaanalyses and clinical guidelines continue to emerge. Recently, trauma-focused CBT or EMDR have been recommended for the 1st line of therapy for this population. However, very little literature exists for combined treatment of medication and psychotherapy in PTSD. This case report introduces two individuals with PTSD, who had initially failed to respond to antidepressant therapy, but later improved after EMDR was added. Further controlled studies are needed to generalize this finding.
Keywords: Antidepressants Combined Treatment Drug Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. 이선혜 (저자) ; 김석현 (저자) ; 김대호 (저자) [Yiseonhye; Seok; & Dae-Ho] (2007). 차 항우울제 치료에 반응 않는 외상후 스트레스 장애의 EMDR 병합 치료 증례 [EMDR for posttraumatic stress disorder not responding to initial antidepressant therapy：Case report]. 생물치료정신의학 제13권 제2호, 46 [Biological Treatment of Psychiatry, 13(2), 246].
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
외상후 스트레스 장애 (PTSD)의 치료 전략에 대한 문학의 성장 본문있다. 그리고 metaanalyses 및 임상 지침 등장으로 진행합니다. CBT 또는 EMDR이 인구에 대한 치료의 첫번째 라인에 대한 권장되었습니다 최근 외상 중심. 그러나, 아주 작은 문학은 약물과 PTSD의 심리 치료의 통합 치료를위한 존재합니다. 이 사건 보고서는 처음 약은 치료에 대응하는 데 실패하지만, EMDR이 추가된 후에 나중에 향상했다 PTSD 두 개인을 소개합니다. 또한 제어 연구는이 찾는 일반화하기 위해 필요합니다.
There is a growing body of literature on the treatment strategy of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). And metaanalyses and clinical guidelines continue to emerge. Recently, trauma-focused CBT or EMDR have been recommended for the 1st line of therapy for this population. However, very little literature exists for combined treatment of medication and psychotherapy in PTSD. This case report introduces two individuals with PTSD, who had initially failed to respond to antidepressant therapy, but later improved after EMDR was added. Further controlled studies are needed to generalize this finding.
Keywords: Antidepressants Combined Treatment Drug Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: No
5. Koshal, A. (2010, June). The 4-fields-technic in the traumatherapy of complex traumatized and drug-addicted people (in methadone-treatment). In Addictions. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Nowadays several international studies demonstrate
that the problem of drug-addiction is very often found in combination
with complex traumatization in early childhood and
youth. (Felitti. 2903; Kufner et al. 2000; Langeland et al. 2006;
Schmidt, 2000 etc.)
As we all know PTSD and the other trauma symptoms cause a
lot of psychophysical dysregulation. So the psychiatrist Khantrian
postulated already 1985 the "self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders". Janina Fisher, Trauma Center Boston, 2000, called
this assumed combination of trauma-consequences and drug-addiction,
"compensatory strategies aimed at self-regulation"
In many years of working with drug-addicted people it became
very obvious that a high percentage of this people are using drugs,
for example to calm down after being aggressive, may be caused by an argue: or to reduce strong inner tensions; to sleep without
nightmares, to alleviate the feeling of helplessness and fear etc.
Drugs and alcohol do reduce all the mentioned symptoms for
a while. To learn to cope in another, more adaptive way, the
addicted people need to learn alternatives strategies for a good
functioning self-regulation.
After stabilization, the trauma therapy can start, so the patient
can reduce some of the sources of psychophysiological dysregulation.
Even when the addicted people still get methadone psychotherapy
is possible. Practical experience over a long time.
started 1990, did show a lot of successful treatments and that
methadone does not interfere a traumatherapy.
The 4-Fields-Technic is a special method of EMDR that was
developed by Jarero et al. 1997 in Mexico after a hurricane
disaster. Dorothee Lansch modified the group method into a
therapy-setting for single persons.
For complex traumatized and drug-addicted people this technic
is very helpful. The focus is more easy to keep in mind, - in
front of the eyes. In the 4-Fields-Technic the patient focuses
on a self-painted picture, that represents the worst part of a
trauma experience.
The patient keeps his focus on this picture, combined with bilateral
stimulation, till he feels the picture should be changed.
And so the process is going on till finished.
The participant will be able to learn:
- about the correlation between complex trauma and drug-addiction
- that drug-addicted people who get methadone are able to do
trauma therapy
-the 4-Fieids-Technic as a method to create resources.
Psychotherapy and specially psychotraumatherapy with drug-addicted
people who are as well in a methadone-treatment is for
many therapists still controversial. This presentation will give you
an idea how good it can work, based on various case series.
Keywords: 4-Fields-Technic Complex Trauma Drug Addiciton Methodone Treatment Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Koshal, A. (2012, June). The 4-fields-technique in the trauma therapy of complex traumatized and addicted patients [La técnica de 4-‐Campos en la terapia de trauma complejo y pacientes adictos, incluso en tratamiento de metadona]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This
workshop
will
employ
lecture
and
demonstration
of
several
case
studies.
The
4-‐Field-‐Technique
is
a
special
method
of
EMDR
that
was
developed
by
Jarero
et
al.
1997
in
Mexico.
For
complex
traumatized
and
drug
addicted
people
this
method
is
very
helpful.
The
risk
to
trigger
other
trauma
clusters
is
quite
minor,
because
the
patient’s
concentration
is
focused
on
his
specific
picture
and
situation.
Several
international
studies
demonstrate
that
addicted
people
are
very
often
complex
traumatized.
(Felitti
et
al.,
2003;
Schmidt,
2000
etc.)
PTSD
and
other
trauma
symptoms
cause
a
lot
of
psychophysical
deregulation.
The
psychiatrist
Khantzian
realized
1985,
that
addicted
people
suffer
a
lot
from
different
symptoms
and
try
to
reduce
the
unbearable
inner
tension
in
using
drugs.
So
Khantzian
postulated
the
“self-‐medication
hypothesis
of
addictive
disorders”.
Janina
Fisher,
Trauma
Center
Boston,
2000,
interpreted
the
correlation
of
early
traumatization
and
drug-‐addiction
as
“compensatory
strategies
aimed
at
self-‐
regulation”.
20
years
of
psychotherapeutic
work
revealed,
a
high
percentage
of
addicted
patients
use
drugs
to
influence
their
emotional
states.
Drugs
and
alcohol
do
short
term
reduce
the
mentioned
symptoms.
Addicted
patients
need
to
learn
to
cope
in
another,
more
adaptive
way
to
get
a
better
functioning
self-‐regulation.
After
stabilization,
trauma-‐therapy
can
start.
So
the
patient
can
reduce
his
psycho-‐
physiological
deregulation.
Even
when
addicted
patients
are
still
in
a
methadone-‐
treatment
trauma-‐therapy
is
effective.
Practical
experiences
show
a
lot
of
successful
treatments.
Este
taller
empleará
la
presentación
y
demostración
de
muchos
estudios
de
caso.
La
técnica
de
4
campos
es
un
método
especial
de
EMDR
que
fue
desarrollado
por
Jarero
et
al.
1997
en
Méjico.
Para
gente
con
traumas
complejos
y
adictos
este
método
resulta
ser
muy
adecuado.
El
riesgo
de
disparar
grupos
de
traumas
es
menor,
debido
a
que
la
concentración
del
paciente
está
centrada
en
una
sola
imagen
y
situación.
Muchos
estudios
demuestran
que
los
adictos
son
muy
a
menudo
traumatizados
de
manera
compleja.
(Felitti
et
al.,
2003;
Schmidt,
2000
etc.)
El
TEPT
y
otros
síntomas
del
trauma
causan
muchas
desregulaciones
psicofisiológicas.
El
psiquiatra
Khantzian
se
dio
cuenta
en
1985,
que
la
gente
que
sufre
de
adicción
sufren
también
muchos
otros
síntomas
diferentes
e
intentan
reducir
su
tensión
interna
a
través
del
uso
de
sustancias.
Por
ello
Khantzian
postuló
“
La
hipótesis
de
la
automedicación
en
trastornos
adictivos”
Janina
Fisher,
Trauma
Center
Boston,
2000,
interpretó
la
correlación
de
la
traumatización
temprana
y
la
adicción
a
la
drogas
como
“
Estrategias
compensatorias
dirigidas
a
la
autorregulación”.
20
años
de
trabajo
psicoterapéutico
muestran
que
un
gran
porcentaje
de
pacientes
adictos
usan
drogas
para
modificar
sus
estados
emocionales.
Las
drogas
y
el
alcohol
reducen
a
corto
plazo
los
síntomas
mencionados.
Los
pacientes
adictos
necesitan
aprender
a
afrontar
de
manera
más
adaptativa
su
autorregulación.
Después
de
la
estabilización,
la
terapia
del
trauma
puede
empezar.
Por
ello
el
paciente
puede
reducir
su
desregulación
psicofisiológica.
Incluso
cuando
aún
están
sometidos
a
un
tratamiento
de
metadona
la
terapia
del
trauma
es
efectiva.
Las
experiencias
en
la
práctica
muestran
una
gran
cantidad
de
tratamientos
exitosos.
Keywords: 4-Fields-Technique Addiction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Broad, R. D. & Wheeler, K. (2006, May). An adult with childhood medical trauma treated with psychoanalytic psychotherapy and EMDR: A case study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(2), 95-105. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2006.00058.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Problem: Adverse childhood experiences have been found to be a strong predictor of emotional and physical problems in adulthood. However, the long-term sequelae for children who have suffered critical illness and exposure to invasive medical procedures are less well documented. Methods: This is a case study of an adult client who sought treatment for depression and attention deficit disorder. The psychotherapy treatment is discussed and the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is described targeting a memory of a medical trauma resulting from a tonsillectomy when the client was 8 years old. Conclusions: Significant healing outcomes were attained as a result of the therapy, i.e., decreased depression, less hypervigilance, and increased ability to concentrate, which resulted in the discontinuation of medication for depression and ADHD as well as significant improvement in overall functioning.
Keywords: Childhood Medical Trauma Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Adverse Childhood Experiences Depression Attention Deficit Disorder Early Experience Major Depression PTSD Psychoanalysis Childhood Development Clinical Case Study Empirical Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Lu, D. P., Lu, G. P., & Lu, W. I. (2007). Anxiety control of dental patients by clinical combination of acupuncture, bi-digital o-ring test, and eye movement desensitization with sedation via submucosal route. Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research, 32(1-2), 15-30 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The data presented in this article was collected after reviewing clinical findings gathered from using various anxiety control methods on apprehensive patients. We examined clinical applications of the eye movement (EM) component of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) on fearful dental patients who have histories of traumatic dental experiences. We also used Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT) to select the proper dosage of sedative to minimize the adverse side effects. For patients who did not respond well to EM, we used BDORT to select the proper sedative medication and its dosage. In certain difficult cases, we supplemented these techniques with acupuncture to augment the sedative effects. Findings were based on the clinical impressions and assessments of both the patients and the operating team. Results showed that EM, although effective in enabling patients to undergo non-invasive dental procedures such as clinical examination and simple prophylaxis, had only limited beneficial effect with invasive procedures such as extraction, drilling, and injections, etc. We also found that BDORT greatly reduced adverse side effects of sedatives such as hypertension, hypotension, hypoxia, tachycardia, bradycardia, nausea, and vomiting. For most apprehensive patients, we found that EMD and acupuncture combined with BDORT predetermined dosage for the submucosal sedation enabled these patients to undergo the complete dental treatment. The authors try to explain the mechanism of BDORT and EM in terms of visual awareness (or consciousness) and preferred patterns, where neurons in the brain respond to the actions and/or direction of movement. The authors believe that BDORT and EM could have better results if the persons performing BDORT have visual awareness and are focused on the task; whereas in EM, the patient's eye on the therapist's hand movements. A more focused approach via visual pathway will result in more favorable results in EM. Likewise, performing BDORT absentmindedly could lead to false results if visual awareness (or consciousness) is absent. "Preferred pattern" will arouse neurons in the brain to cause conscientiousness, and performing BDORT with 'open eyes' arouse the necessary visual awareness that is necessary for the successful performance of BDORT tasks
Keywords: Acupuncture Anxiety Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Dental Phobic Patients Pharmacological sedation Preferred Patterns Visual Pathway
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Forbes, D., Creamer, M., Phelps, A., Bryant, R., McFarlane, A., Devilly, G. J., Lynda Matthews, L., Raphael, B., Doran, C., Merlin, T., & Skye N. (2007, August). Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(8), 637-648. doi:10.1080/00048670701449161.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Over the past 2-3 years, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD) have been developed in the USA and UK. There remained a need, however, for the development of Australian CPGs for the treatment of ASD and PTSD tailored to the national health-care context. Therefore, the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health in collaboration with national trauma experts, has recently developed Australian CPGs for adults with ASD and PTSD, which have been endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In consultation with a multidisciplinary reference panel (MDP), research questions were determined and a systematic review of the evidence was then conducted to answer these questions (consistent with NHMRC procedures). On the basis of the evidence reviewed and in consultation with the MDP, a series of practice recommendations were developed. The practice recommendations that have been developed address a broad range of clinical questions. Key recommendations indicate the use of trauma-focused psychological therapy (cognitive behavioural therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in addition to in vivo exposure) as the most effective treatment for ASD and PTSD. Where medication is required for the treatment of PTSD in adults, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants should be the first choice. Medication should not be used in preference to trauma-focused psychological therapy. In the immediate aftermath of trauma, practitioners should adopt a position of watchful waiting and provide psychological first aid. Structured interventions such as psychological debriefing, with a focus on recounting the traumatic event and ventilation of feelings, should not be offered on a routine basis. [InformaWorld]
Keywords: ASD Guidelines Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (2007, February). Australian Guidelines for the treatment of Adults with Acute Stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Melbourne, Victoria: ACPMH.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health in collaboration with national trauma experts, has recently developed Australian CPGs for adults with ASD and PTSD, which have been endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In consultation with a multidisciplinary reference panel (MDP), research questions were determined and a systematic review of the evidence was then conducted to answer these questions (consistent with NHMRC procedures). On the basis of the evidence reviewed and in consultation with the MDP, a series of practice recommendations were developed. The practice recommendations that have been developed address a broad range of clinical questions. Key recommendations indicate the use of trauma-focused psychological therapy (cognitive behavioural therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in addition to in vivo exposure) as the most effective treatment for ASD and PTSD. Where medication is required for the treatment of PTSD in adults, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants should be the first choice. Medication should not be used in preference to trauma-focused psychological therapy. In the immediate aftermath of trauma, practitioners should adopt a position of watchful waiting and provide psychological first aid. Structured interventions such as psychological debriefing, with a focus on recounting the traumatic event and ventilation of feelings, should not be offered on a routine basis. [InformaWorld]
Keywords: Treatment Guidelines
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Gersons, B., & Schnyder, U. (2007, November). Beyond exposure alone: Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD. Presentation at the pre-meeting for Institute of the 23rd of the International Society for Traumatic Stress, Baltimore MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic
approaches in the treatment of PTSD can be regarded as empirically
demonstrated. Overall, effect sizes seem to be higher for psychotherapy
as compared with medication. Many well-controlled trials
with a mixed variety of trauma survivors have demonstrated that
CBT is particularly effective in treating PTSD. More specifically,
exposure therapy currently is seen as the treatment modality with
the strongest evidence for its efficacy. However dropout rates from
studies of CBT (including EMDR) usually are around 20 percent. Up
to 58 percent of patients who completed CBT are still diagnosed
with PTSD at posttreatment assessment. Furthermore, only 32-66
percent of patients included achieved good end-state functioning.
There is a need to have treatment protocols based on CBT which
meet more the expectations of traumatized clients. The 16-sessions
Brief Eclectic Protocol (BEP) originally developed for police officers
with PTSD proved to be effective in two randomized controlled trials
and has been accepted in the NICE-Guidelines (2005). The second
trial also showed effectivity on biological data. A trial in Zurich
is still running. BEP encompasses apart from a slightly different form
of exposure psychoeducation at the start (with the partner present),
the use of letter writing to express angry feelings, the use of memorabilia
and 12 sessions for the domain of meaning, how it changes
the view on the world and on the person his or herself. It is ended
with a farewell ritual. The dropout rate is lower compared to the traditional
CBT. In the workshop the protocol will be presented, discussed
and parts of it will be trained.
www.
Keywords: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Miller, P. W., McDougall, I., O'Rawe, B., & Kirk, R. T. (2007, June). A case series detailing phenomenology, EMDR protocol and clinical outcome of EMDR in severe depression with psychosis, delusional dysmorphobia and schizophrenia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The author will by means of oral presentation of clinical case material from patients seen as outpatients; didactic teaching and 'question and answer' explore the efficacy demonstrated by EMDR in a series of patients with disorders including ‘depression, severe with psychosis'; delusional dysmorphophobia and schizophrenia.
There will be detailed description and presentation of case studies. The author will present and discuss clinical cases seen by them and another colleague where EMDR has been used in patients preventing to their facility with ‘depression, severe with psychosis;' delusional dysmorphophobia and schizophrenia.
The author will explore the phenomenology of the case material and discuss how it potentially relates, diagnostically, to the utility of EMDR in such cases. Particular mention will be made of the role EMDR had within the overall treatment plan of these cases and discussion of potential indicators that will aid appropriate targeting of cases for EMDR will be made.
A detailed description of how to apply EMDR protocol in monosymptomatic delusional disorder, including delusional dysmorphophobia will be given. This will include discussion of the use of Floatback; explore the use of affect bridge and the possible role of the unconscious or repressed material in the development of psychotic phenomena.
As patient with psychotic phenomena are often on one if not several psychoactive medications, the author will discuss the impact of EMDR on drug therapy in this group of patients with: schizophrenia, depression, severe with psychosis and delusional dysmorphophobia, illustrating the points from the case material. They will also look at the possible effect of medication on the efficacy of EMDR in this client group.
Keywords: Delusional Dysmorphobia Depression Personality Disorders Phobias Psychosis Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Miller, P. (2005, April). A case study of complex PTSD exploring the use of EMDR and medication: The psychobiology of a traumatic incident. Presentation at 3rd Annual Conference of the EMDR Association of UK and Ireland, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Mediction Posttraumatic Stress Disoder PTSD: Psychobiology Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Ansorge, R. (1997, April 22). Certain emotional signs can point to post-traumatic stress disorder. Colorado Springs, CO: Gazette, Lifestyle, 2.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Are you or someone you know a candidate for EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing)?
You might be if you suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and have not responded to traditional talk therapy, medication or lifestyle changes.
Keywords: Colorado Springs Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Miller, P., McGowan, I., McLaughlin, D., & Paterson, M. (2010, April). Cessation of symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia following EMDR. Presentation at 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Background: Despite over a 100 years experience with schizophrenia it is still only a minority of individuals who make a full recovery. Schizophrenia is a severe enduring mental illness (SMI) and the weight of burden falls with regard to legal problems, stigma and life expectancy: life expectancy in this group of individuals is reduced by 10 years, mostly as a consequence of suicide.
Aim: The aim of the presentation is to highlight the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia. Using a case study approach we will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in relieving the symptoms of dissociative schizophrenia.
Case Study: In Patient ‘M’ using an EMDR paradigm integration was achieved using only outpatient therapy – 12 sessions, over the course of one year. Medication was used initially but made no impact on the psychotic phenomena; even when used within normally efficacious levels and duration. Naltrexone was used to help manage dissociation (Frewen & Lanius, 2006) and to facilitate Patient ‘M’ in engaging in EMDR. Patient ‘M’ is now nearly three years symptom free and medication free.
Conclusion: EMDR is effective in symptoms associated with dissociative symptoms.
Learning Outcomes By the end of the session participants will be able to; Gain an greater understanding of the clinical presentation of dissociative schizophrenia Discuss the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia
Keywords: Dissociative Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Grant, M. (2009). Change your brain, change your pain: Based on EMDR. Wyong, NSW: Wyong Medical Centre.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Chronic physical or emotional pain is one of the most overwhelming problems we ever have to face. It often fails to respond to normally effective treatments such as medication and counselling. Time doesn't heal some wounds, and sufferers are faced with a desperate need for solutions. One of the most exciting developments in treating pain is increased understanding of the brain's role in pain, based on new brain-scanning technology. Scientists have also discovered that the brain is malleable and capable of being changed throughout the lifespan. This enlightening and practical book explains how physical and emotional pain are stored in the brain, and what causes pain to persist after the injury or trauma that initially triggered it. The book describes five core sensory-emotional skills for reversing the brain activity that maintains pain. These are brought to life through over 20 brain-smart activities designed to neutralize the sensoryemotional reactions that maintain pain. Benefits include learning: how to understand and benefit from your emotions, even negative ones; how to cope with the effects of physical injury with less distress; how to reduce painful feelings and sensations without really trying; how to change negative emotional patterns; how to feel better about yourself; how to conquer stress; how to protect yourself against future episodes of pain; sleep better - naturally; and much more! Includes brain stimulation CD.
Keywords: Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Scarlata, B. (1995). Changing cognitions. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 8-9.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Linda (not her real name) is a 40-
year-old professional woman whose
avocation is healing and who is proficient
in several of the touch therapies.
She has a Dissociative Disorder with
well-defined "parts," but she has not
experienced time loss. She is not on
medication and although she is often
depressed, she is able bfunction fairly
well most of the time. As a child, she
was emotionally and sexually abused
by her father for approximately ten
years. He is bedridden now, but she is
still subject to his verbal abuse when
she visits him once a week. He has
never acknowledged his abuse, nor
has she confronted him about it (although
she has told her mother). She
said she will not feel totally safe until
he is dead. We have had ten sessions
together. EMDR was used in most of
our sessions during which she processed
specific incidents of abuse that
were very traumatic for her. She
believes that she has many dissociated
infant and child parts-each of
whom hold a memory of one of the
abusive incidents she experienced.
Keywords: Cognitions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Sharpless, B. A., & Barber, J. P. (2011). A clinician’s guide to PTSD treatments for returning veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 8–15. doi:10.1037/a0022351.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
What options are available to mental health providers helping clients with posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)? In this paper we review many of the current pharmacological and psychological interventions
available to help prevent and treat PTSD with an emphasis on combat-related traumas and veteran populations.
There is strong evidence supporting the use of several therapies including prolonged exposure (PE), eye
movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and cognitive processing therapies (CPT), with PE
possessing the most empirical evidence in favor of its efficacy. There have been relatively fewer studies of
nonexposure based modalities (e.g., psychodynamic, interpersonal, and dialectical behavior therapy perspectives),
but there is no evidence that these treatments are less effective. Pharmacotherapy is promising
(especially paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine), but more research comparing the relative merits of
medication vs. psychotherapy and the efficacy of combined treatments is needed. Given the recent influx of
combat-related traumas due to ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, there is clearly an urgent need to
conduct more randomized clinical trials research and effectiveness studies in military and Department of
Veterans Affairs PTSD samples. Finally, we provide references to a number of PTSD treatment manuals and
propose several recommendations to help guide clinicians’ treatment selections.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Psychopharmacology PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
There is increasing evidence to support the biological basis of mental disorders. Subsequently, understanding the neurobiological context from which mental distress arises can help counselors appropriately apply cognitive behavioral therapy and other well-researched cognitive interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the neurobiological context underlying the formation and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders, a mental disorder frequently encountered by counselors, from a cognitive therapy framework.
Recent changes to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) accreditation standards include the need for counselors-in-training to understand the neurobiological basis of behavior, which marks a new direction for the training of professional counselors who have historically reacted ambivalently toward medical models for understanding client concerns and treatments. Yet recent findings in neuroscience actually support the verbally based interventions that counselors typically use in treatment; therefore, there is much to be gained by counselors and counselor educators in understanding the basics of human neurobiology and how commonly used counseling interventions intervene on these biological systems. The National Institute of Mental Health (2010) stated in a recent strategic plan that “Important discoveries in areas such as genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science largely account for the substantial gains in knowledge that have helped us to understand the complexities of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders over the past 15 years” (“Introduction,” para. 4).
Given the increasingly biological focus of mental health research, the practicing counselor is faced with the task of understanding and using the emerging mental health treatments and explaining to clients, to reimbursing agencies, and to the broader public how counseling fits within the medically dominated mental health culture. Some counselors have long reacted ambivalently toward the pathologically oriented diagnostic categories of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system and the medication-dominated world of psychiatry. For example, the contrasting viewpoints on this issue were published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between Allen and Mary Ivey (1998, 1999) and Scott Hinkle (1999). Ivey and Ivey (1998) argued for a developmental interpretation to the DSM-IV, opposing what they called the “pathological view” (p. 334) of the manual. According to Ivey and Ivey, disorders could be viewed through a positive development tradition to lie not within the individual but within the contextual systems in which a person lives. Subsequently, disorders are viewed as a “logical response to a developmental history” (Ivey & Ivey, 1999, p. 484). By contrast, Hinkle (1999) argued that because anxiety and depressive disorders “are the most common clinical symptoms associated with presentation to counseling” (p. 475), the counseling profession is weakened if counselors shy away from direct participation in the DSM nomenclature and treatment parlance. As Hinkle indicated, “mental disorders according to the medical model describe disease processes, not people” (p. 475). Regardless of the reader's philosophical perspective, practicing counselors know participation in medical and psychiatric systems is necessary at times. Also, recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience are providing evidence that interventions often used by counselors have direct physiological impact on client neurobiology (Kennedy et al., 2007; Linden, 2006). For example, Felmingham et al. (2007) demonstrated significant differences in brain activity before and after 8 weeks of exposure therapy, which correlated with a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Similarly, Paquette et al. (2003) found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alters the activation and metabolism of specific brain regions following successful treatment of spider phobia. These findings, along with others (for a detailed review, see Beauregard, 2007; Frewen, Dozois, & Lanius, 2008), are significant because they support the techniques, interventions, and approaches used by counselors and provide a mechanism by which counseling positively affects brain physiology. Within the emerging physiologically based treatment milieu, counselors should be prepared to articulate how cognitive counseling interventions make measurable changes to the client. Although cognitive-behavioral-based approaches are effective in the treatment of a number of psychiatric illnesses, adult PTSD is arguably one of the best understood mental disorders from a neurological perspective. It thus presents a valuable model for exploring not only the basic tenets of neurobiology but also the mechanisms behind its successful treatment. Furthermore, PTSD is a disorder that counselors will likely encounter in practice.
PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization. Thus, it provides a clear example of how, even in adulthood, neurological adaptation (in this case maladaptive changes) can functionally “rewire” the brain in a short period of time, resulting in a sustained array of clinical symptoms. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD are a history of exposure to a traumatic event meeting two criteria and symptoms from each of three symptom clusters: intrusive recollections, avoidant/numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. A fifth criterion concerns duration of symptoms and a sixth assesses functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 (Kessler et al., 2005), determined that the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD among American adults is 6.8%, with women (9.7%) twice as likely as men (3.6%) to have the disorder at some point in their lives. These findings are very similar to those of the first National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the early 1990s (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), which was composed of interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans ages 15 to 54 years. In this earlier sample, the estimated prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 7.8% in the general population. As in the more recent survey, women (10.4%) were more than twice as likely as men (5%) to have PTSD at some point in their lives (Kessler et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 1995).
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Neurobiological Basis of Behavior Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Nazari, H., Momeni, N., Jariani, M., & Tarrahi, M. J. (2011, November). Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with citalopram in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 15(4), 270-274. doi:10.3109/13651501.2011.590210.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the chronic anxiety disorders that interfere with routine individual life, occupational and social functions. There is controversy about the first choice of treatment for OCD between medication and psychotherapy. Aim. the aim was to investigate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) compared with medication by citalopram in treatment of OCD. Methods. This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 90 OCD patients that randomly were assigned into two groups. They either received therapeutic sessions of EMDR or citalopram during 12 weeks. Both groups blindly were evaluated by the Yale-Brown scale before and after the trial period. Results. Pretreatment average Yale-Brown score of citalopram group was about 25.26 as well as 24.83 in EMDR group. The after treatment scores were 19.06 and 13.6, respectively. There was significant difference between the mean Yale-Brown scores of the two groups after treatment and EMDR was more effective than citalopram in improvement of OCD signs. Conclusion. It is concluded that although both therapeutic methods (EMDR and Citalopram) had significant effect in improving obsessive signs but it seems that in short term EMRD has better effect in improvement of final outcome of OCD.
Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Marcus, S., Marquis, P., & Sakai, C. (1997, Fall). Controlled study of treatment of PTSD using EMDR in an HMO setting. Psychotherapy, 34(3), 307-315. doi:10.1037/h0087791.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
67 individuals diagnosed with PTSD were randomly assigned to either Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or Standard Care (SC) treatment. Participants were assessed pretreatment, after 3 sessions, and at the completion of treatment using the Symptom Checklist-90, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Events Scale, Modified PTSD Scale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Subjective Units of Disturbance. In addition, an independent evaluator assessed participants using DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD including Global Assessment of Functioning at the 3 data points. The individuals in the EMDR treatment group showed significantly greater improvement with greater rapidity than those in the SC treatment group on measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and general symptoms. Participants who received EMDR treatment used fewer medication appointments for their psychological symptoms and needed fewer psychotherapy appointments. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Managed Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Hyer, L. A., Boudewyns, P. A., Peralme, L., Touze, J., & Kiel, A. (1995, June). Controlled treatment outcome study using EMDR on combat-related post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After the status of PTSD was established, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions; EMDR, exposure control (EC), and group (GT). Subjects in EMDR condition received at least five but no more than eight sessions of EMDR. EC condition subjects therapy procedure as the EMDR subjects but without the eye movements. Subjects in the GT condition received five to eight session of group therapy only.
Outcome measures were at intervals; prior to therapy, immediately following therapy and at two follow-up periods. These include: (1) self report or interview-related psychological measures (Combat Exposure scale, MMPI-2 PTSD, Veterans Adjustment Scale (VETS), Mississippi Scale, Hamilton (Depression and Anxiety); (2) behavioral outcome measures (employment, treatment seeking behavior medication therapy, and re hospitalization rate); and (3) psychophysiological response measures (skin conductance, frontalis EMG, heart rate and blood pressure). The last measures involved a change measure in psychological arousal during exposure to tape recorded scripts depicting the patients' most traumatic combat memory. In addition to these pre-, post-,
follow-up measures, measures (SUD, profile of mood scale (POMS), and impact of events scale (IOE) were taken at each therapy session.
Early results on selected outcomes show differences in positive outcome between conditions POMS EMDR>GT (p<.01); IOE Avoidance, EMDR>GT (p<.04); IOE Intrusion, EMDR>GT(p<.03); Heart Rate, EMDR>GT (p<.04). Presently, there were no other significant differences between EMDR or EC. Trends, however suggest that EMDR may be superior to EC on several of the measures.
These results indicate that EMDR may be producing greater reduction in the conditioned emotional response to traumatic memories in these patients, when compared to group therapy approach commonly used to treat these types of patients in a special VA treatment program.
Keywords: Combat Controlled Treatment Outcome Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Littel, M. (2013, April). De rol van emotionaliteit op de effectiviteit van EMDR [The role of emotionality in the effectiveness of EMDR]. In Onderzoek track 1 and 2. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Als tijdens het ophalen van een autobiografische herinnering een andere taak wordt uitgevoerd die het werkgeheugen belast, zoals het maken van oogbewegingen, wordt de herinnering waziger terug opgeslagen: de levendigheid en emotionaliteit van de herinnering neemt af. Dit fenomeen kan verklaren waarom EMDR zo goed werkt als behandeling voor PTSD. Al het onderzoek dat tot nu toe gedaan is naar de effecten van oogbewegingen op herinneringen maakte gebruik van emotionele (positieve/negatieve) herinneringen. In de huidige presentatie zal worden ingegaan op de rol van deze emotionaliteit op de effectiviteit van EMDR.
Uit onderzoek blijkt dat emotionele gebeurtenissen beter en gedetailleerder in het geheugen worden opgeslagen dan neutrale gebeurtenissen. Dit gebeurt als gevolg van verhoogde emotionele arousal, ofwel verhoogde afgifte van diverse stoffen in het brein, met als belangrijkste noradrenaline. Als noradrenaline wordt geblokkeerd met medicatie worden emotionele gebeurtenissen namelijk even slecht onthouden als neutrale.
Ook tijdens het ophalen van emotionele herinneringen ontstaat er emotionele arousal. En het blokkeren van noradrenaline na het ophalen van een emotionele herinnering zorgt ervoor dat deze minder intens wordt terug opgeslagen in het geheugen. Emotionaliteit zorgt dus voor betere geheugen (re)consolidatie.
De vraag is nu of het feit dat de in EMDR opgehaalde herinneringen emotioneel geladen zijn belangrijk is voor de effectiviteit van EMDR. En zo ja, zorgt de emotionele arousal die vrijkomt er dan voor dat de wazig-gemaakte herinneringen beter worden opgeslagen in het geheugen? Of werkt het op een andere manier?
In de huidige presentatie zullen de resultaten worden besproken van een studie waarin onderzocht is of ook levendige neutrale herinneringen, net als emotionele herinneringen, door oogbewegingen minder levendig kunnen worden. Voorts zullen plannen besproken worden voor een studie naar oogbewegingen waarin emotionele arousal gemanipuleerd wordt. Ook zullen wetenschappelijke en klinische implicaties worden besproken.
If during the retrieval of autobiographical memories another task that taxed working memory, such as making eye movements, the reminder is stored back blurred: the vividness and emotionality of the memory decreases. This phenomenon may explain why EMDR works so well as a treatment for PTSD. All the research done so far has been on the effects of eye movements made use of emotional memories (positive / negative) memories. In the current presentation will discuss the role of emotionality on the effectiveness of EMDR.
Studies show that emotional events better and more detailed in the memory than neutral events. This happens due to increased emotional arousal, or increased release of various substances in the brain, the main noradrenaline. If norepinephrine is blocked with medication emotional events are remembered because as bad as neutral.
During the retrieval of emotional memories creates emotional arousal. And blocking norepinephrine after getting an emotional memory makes it less intense back stored in memory. Emotionality thus provides better memory (re) consolidation.
The question now is whether the fact that the EMDR retrieved emotionally charged memories are important for the effectiveness of EMDR. And if so, will the emotional arousal released sure the blurry-made memories are better stored in memory? Whether it works in a different way?
In the current presentation, the results are discussed from a study which investigated is whether vivid memories neutral, like emotional memories, by eye movements may be less vivid. Further plans will be discussed for a study of eye movements in which emotional arousal is manipulated. Also, scientific and clinical implications are discussed.
Keywords: Emotionality
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Popky, A. J. (2005). DeTUR, an urge reduction protocol for addictions and dysfunctional behaviors. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 167-188). New York: W W Norton & Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing (DeTUR) model and the theories involved are based on experience from personal client observation and anecdotal reports received from other therapists using this same protocol. It is an eclectic model and combines many methodologies, including but not limited to cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused, Ericksonian hypnosis, narrative, object relations, and emotional freedom techniques (EFT), to name a few. The bilateral stimulation (BLS) in the accelerated information processing model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) seems to form the catalyst for rapid processing and change, the turbocharger that speeds the healing process.This protocol represents only a small part of a complete treatment model. The therapist's role is that of a case manager, orchestrating any resources necessary to aid the patient through recovery and relapse to a successful and healthy state of functioning and coping. The therapist has to assess the severity of the addiction and also determine any other diagnosis associated with the case. This overall treatment model includes outside help, such as referrals for medication, testing for physical or neurological problems, and, depending on the situation, inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, or detox. Other outside resources include support systems, such as 12-step groups, educational programs, skills training; couples, group, or family therapy; or acupuncture. Comorbidity issues, day-to-day stressors, and survival issues are addressed. An extremely high percentage of these populations are dually diagnosed and can therefore run the full dimensional spectrum of disorders and behaviors as described in the DSM-IV. [Text, pp. 167-168] [Pilots]
Keywords: Addiction Addictions Behavior Problems Behavior Therapy Bilateral Stimulation Compulsions Craving Desensitization of Triggers Dysfunctional Behaviors Information Processing Model Psychotherapeutic Techniques Urge Reduction Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Schmidt, S. J. (2004). Developmental needs meeting strategy: A new treatment approach applied to dissociative identity disorder. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 5(4), 55-78. doi:10.1300/J229v05n04_04.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article describes the use of the Developmental Needs Meeting Strategy (DNMS)
for the treatment of dissociative identity disorder (DID). The DNMS is an ego state
therapy which guides a client’s own internal resources to meet developmental
needs that were not met in childhood. After 17 months of DNMS treatment a client
with DID reported a near total elimination in frequency and severity of symptoms of
depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts, her Trauma Symptom Inventory scores
indicated no trauma symptoms, and her Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation
scores indicated she no longer meets the diagnostic criteria for DID. She was
functioning well without any medication. Further research is warranted.
Keywords: Developmental Needs Meeting Strategy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Patti, M. S (2010, April). Diagnosing and treating complex PTSD: An integrated approach model - Borderline personality disorder and comorbid DID: intervening with EMDR, relational and sensorymotor psychotherapies . Symposium at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The paper presents a clinical case of an initial diagnosis of BPD referred to ARP by local psychiatric services where she was treated for a suicide attempt. The client presented serious affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, dissociative symptoms and refused any medication. Clinical team opted for an integrated assessment which also stabilised the client. The assessment enabled to diagnose the client with structural dissociation isolating both ANP and EP aspects. Clinical intervention adopted an integrated approach using EMDR to treat specific dissociative traits, sensorymotor therapy to intervene on somatic symptoms, and relational therapy to develop therapeutic alliance. A preliminary stabilisation enabled the client to accept support from psychiatric services. This clinical case shed light on how the integration of assessment tools may detect better trauma disorders and challenged the importance of collaborative work between private practice and psychiatric services when intervening with seriously traumatized patients.
Keywords: Borderline Personalith Disorder Comorbid DID Complex Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. London, R. T. (2005, February). Dr. London replies. Clinical Psychiatry News, 33(2), 8.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Thank you kindly for your thoughtful letter. Even though so much of psychiatry has turned to medication management, it's wonderful to know that there are psychiatrists out there who realize the interrelatedness of scientific medicine, the wonderful value of talk therapy strategies, and the greatness of the human spirit in achieving changes in behaviors. I'd even like to think this can be done under the same psychotherapeutic roof.
Keywords: Letter
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Nakahara, T., Nakahara, K., Uehara, M., Koyama, K., Li, K., Harada, T., Yasuhara, D., Taguchi, H., Kojima, S., Sagiyama, K., & Inui, A. (2007, May). Effect of juggling therapy on anxiety disorders in female patients. doi:doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-10. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 1(10), 1-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juggling therapy for anxiety disorder
patients.
Design and Method: Subjects were 17 female outpatients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic
criteria for anxiety disorders. Subjects were treated with standard psychotherapy, medication and
counseling for 6 months. For the last 3 months of treatment, subjects were randomized into either
a non-juggling group (n = 9) or a juggling therapy group (juggling group: n = 8). The juggling group
gradually acquired juggling skills by practicing juggling beanbags (otedama in Japan) with both hands.
The therapeutic effect was evaluated using scores of psychological testing (STAI: State and Trate
Anxiety Inventry, POMS: Profile of Mood Status) and of ADL (FAI: Franchay Activity Index)
collected before treatment, 3 months after treatment (before juggling therapy), and at the end of
both treatments.
Results: After 6 months, an analysis of variance revealed that scores on the state anxiety, trait
anxiety subscales of STAI and tension-anxiety (T-A) score of POMS were significantly lower in the
juggling group than in the non-juggling group (p < 0.01). Depression, anger-hostility scores of POMS
were improved more than non-jugglers. In the juggling group, activity scores on the vigor subscale
of POMS and FAI score were significantly higher than those in the non juggling group (p < 0.01).
Other mood scores of POMS did not differ between the two groups.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that juggling therapy may be effective for the treatment of
anxiety disorders.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Females
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Colosetti, S. D. (1997). Effect of relaxation training alone and relaxation training paired with EMDR on incarcerated, battered women. University of Georgia, Athens, GA. AAT 9735499.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Every 15 seconds a woman is beaten in the U.S. Many of these women meet the criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. Some of them end up in prison. This study used a sample of 5 battered women, incarcerated in a Southern state prison, to test the efficacy of EMDR following relaxation training. A-B-C designs were used to compare baseline assessment (Phase A), relaxation training utilizing Miller and Halpern's audiotaped instructions (Phase B), and EMDR (Phase C). A script of the worst memory of abuse was dictated by each woman during assessment and read by the researcher at the beginning of each session. The Beck Anxiety Inventory and Impact of Events Scale, measuring avoidant behaviors and intrusive thoughts, were given weekly, following the script. Client logs and measures of SUDS and VOC were taken during the EMDR phase only. A one-month follow-up was used. ANOVAs with repeated measures comparing 2 groups, E1 (n = 2) that received 3 weeks of relaxation training prior to EMDR and E2 (n = 3) that received 6 weeks of relaxation training prior to EMDR, were not statistically significant. Avoidant Behaviors scores approached significance for the main effect of treatment (F = .06) and for the group by phase interaction (F = .08). Due to intrasubject variability, blocking was used to identify trends. A distinct improvement was noted in Subject 2 -- Anxiety dropped from 36.5 to 8.0, Intrusive Thoughts 27.5 to 11.0, and Avoidant Behaviors 27.0 to 24.0. Individually graphed data and calculated mean scores by phase permit further investigation. Implications for future research include appropriate screening for dissociation and development of coping skills prior to EMDR, decreasing avoidance by having the woman read her script aloud prior to completing outcome measures, monitoring medication during treatment, continuing treatment as needed, using additional outcome measures, and employing a multi-baseline design across subjects, matching women on several demographic variables. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 58(6-A), Dec 1997, pp. 2392.
Keywords: Adults Americans Battery Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prison Inmates PTSD Relaxation Therapy Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Konuk, E., Knipe, J., Eke, I., Yuksek, H., Yurtsever, A., & Ostep, S. (2006, August). The effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of the 1999 Maramara, Turkey, earthquake. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(3), 291-308. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.13.3.291.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
As part of a program of response to the 1999 Marmara, Turkey, earthquake, an estimated 1,500 trauma victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were treated in tent cities with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). A field study evaluating a representative group of 41 participants with diagnosed PTSD indicated that a mean of five 90-minute sessions was sufficient to eliminate symptoms in 92.7% of those treated, with reduction in symptoms in the remaining participants. Significant reductions occurred between the pre and posttreatment PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report version (PSS-SR) total scores and all subscales. These gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The same pattern of recovery was observed regardless of the use or nonuse of psychotropic medication at the time of intake.
Keywords: Clinical Trial Developing Countries Disaster Response Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Follow-up Study Field Study Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Recent Events Survivors Treatment Outcome
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. de Bont, P. (2011, August-September). Efficacy and safety of prolonged exposure or EMDR-treatment for PTSD with patients with a vulnerability for psychosis. A multiple baserate N=10 single case design. In Treating PTSD in patients with psychotic disorders. Symposium conducted at the 41st EABCT annual congress, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objectives: Untill now, only a small number of studies have
investigated the safety and effects of psychological treatment for
PTSD in psychotic patients. The main aim of this study was to
explore the effects of two psychological, highly manualized,
guideline PTSD treatments: EMDR and prolonged exposure.
Another important aim was to determine if negative side effects
would occur as a result of therapy. Among clinicians fear exists of
harming vulnerable patients with confronting therapeutic
procedures, thus risking psychotic exacerbation, suicidal behaviour
or other adverse events.
Methods: In a N=10 single case study design the effects of
psychological PTSD treatment were studied in psychiatric patients
who suffer from psychoses. Participants were randomly assigned
to either EMDR or Prolonged Exposure. Weekly measurements of
PTSD and psychotic symptoms prior to, during and after
treatment, gave a strong impression of how symptoms respond to
treatment. The treatment in both conditions consisted of 12
sessions of 90 minutes. Adverse events were monitored weekly.
Before, directly after and 3 months after treatment all subjects
were tested more extensively for the variables PTSD and
psychosis, and for three secondary outcome measures cognitive
style, social functioning and quality of life.
Results: The results show that PTSD-treatment can be quite
effective for both PTSD and even some of the psychotic symptoms.
PTSD symptoms dropped considerably, in a number of cases
below the point of still having a PTSD. In some cases treatment
helped diminish the occurence of harming voices. Not one patient
became psychotic as a result of therapy, not even patients that
went through the guided reliving of traumatic psychotic events
during Prolonged Exposure. No suicide attempts occured.
Occasional minor adverse events with medication occurred, but
results taken as a whole the treatments were obviously safe.
Conclusion: This study shows that PTSD-treatment in psychotic
patients is a serious option, next to medical treatment. It can be
done safely, effectively and in a manualized fashion. No
information can be derived from this study as to which of the two,
Prolonged Exposure or EMDR, can be best applied in specific
situations. Both seem to be equal in the limited number of cases.
Keywords: PE Prolonged Exposure Psychotic Disorders Single Case Design Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Kristjansdottir, H., Blondahl, M., Sigurosson, E., Sigurosson, J. F., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2011, August-September). Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in adults - Review. Presentation at the 41st EABCT annual conference, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Introduction: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) represents
the form of psychotherapy which has the most research data to
build on in the treatment of mental disorders for adults.
Method: In this review we will introduce CBT and present the
results of pertinent outcome research for mood and anxiety
disorders. Efficacy at the end of the treatment will be discussed,
as well as long term effectiveness and the efficacy of combined
treatment with medication and CBT
Results: The results of this review show that CBT is an effective
treatment for mood and anxiety disorders; depression,
dysthymnia, GAD, panic disorder, social phobia, OCD, PTSD and
specific phobia. Results of follow-up studies also show that the
efficacy of CBT lasts for a considerable time after the termination
of treatment. CBT is more effective than other forms of
psychotherapy except for behaviour activation and interpersonal
therapy in treatment for depression and EMDR in treatment for
PTSD. When CBT is compared with medication (SSRI) results
reveal that CBT is as effective or more effective than medication.
This is true except for the treatment of dysthymnia, especially
when the long-term effects are considered. Results are
contradictory regarding whether medication improves or reduces
the efficacy of CBT, e.g., there are indications that the medication
reduces the efficacy of CBT for some disorders, like panic disorder.
Discussion: It is clear that CBT is an effective treatment for most
common mental disorders. Side effects are almost never a
problem and long-term success is a good. Further research is
needed on combined treatment – CBT and medication.
Conclusion: Numerous studies support the efficacy of CBT for
common mood and anxiety disorders and its good long term effects.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Mood Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Millar, P. (2010, March). EMDR & psychosis. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Psychotic phenomena are one of the most
challenging clinical presentations to treat, the most severe form being schizophrenia and
poor outcome schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia is a severe enduring mental illness
(SMI) and is characterised by core disturbances of thinking, perceptions and the emotions.
It is accepted as having a heavy burden, with significant effects on the patient, their
families and carers and it is one of the most costly illnesses worldwide. The weight of
burden falls with regard to legal problems, stigma and life expectancy: life expectancy in
this group of individuals is reduced by 10 years, mostly as a consequence of suicide
(Rossler, Salize et al. 2005). Despite more than 100 years of experience of the disease it is
still only a minority of individuals who make a full recovery.
This workshop aims to give further insight into the role of EMDR in the treatment of
schizophrenia - as defined by the genetic epidemiological work by Professor K Kendler
(Kendler, Spitzer et al. 1989; Kendler, McGuire et al. 1993; Kendler, Maguire et al. 1993).
It follows up a series of three patients with psychosis treated with EMDR one of whom met
strict criteria for schizophrenia. All 3 are now over 2 years post-EMDR. Of specific note the
man who presented with schizophrenia remains free of medication and symptoms.
The workshop will discuss the role of EMDR in the treatment of psychosis, including
schizophrenia and discuss case selection and protocol development in this area of practice.
Keywords: Psychosis Schizoaffective Disorder Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Schneider, J., Hofmann, A., Rost, C., & Shapiro, F. (2007). EMDR and phantom limb pain: Theoretical implications, case study, and treatment guidelines. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 31-45. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.31.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reviews the literature on EMDR treatment of somatic complaints and describes the application of Shapiro's Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model in the treatment of phantom limb pain. The case study explores the use of EMDR with a 38-year-old man experiencing severe phantom limb pain 3 years after the loss of his leg and part of his pelvis in an accident. Despite treatment at several rehabilitation and pain centers during the 3 years, and the use of opiate medication, he continued to experience persistent pain. After 9 EMDR treatment sessions, the patient's phantom limb pain was completely ablated, and he was taken off medication. Effects were maintained at 18-month follow-up. The clinical implications of this application of EMDR are explored. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Adults AIP Amputation Case Report Depressive Disorders Males Motor Traffic Accidents Pain Phantom Limb Physical Pain Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Eimer, B. N. (1995, June). EMDR applications for pain management. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The focus of this 3-hour workshop will be on using EMDR to alleviate emotional distress attendant to coping with acute physical
pain and living with chronic pain. Participants in this workshop will learn:
(a) how to conduct a targeted assessment of the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain;
(b) a guided pain healing meditation;
(c) an EMDR protocol for installing pain relief imagery and self-care techniques;
(d) an EMDR protocol for reprocessing covert pain talk, pain behaviors and pain-related memories;
(e) how to apply A.J. Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing substance abuse (i.e., Overeating,
drinking) and dependence on pain medication in this population.
The presentation will first address how to conduct a structured assessment that identifies targets for EMDR treatment. The
dysfunctional information package associated with chronic pain (termed the "biogram")and "seven keys" to understanding chronic
pain will be discussed. Then, essential principles for designing an effective individual psychotherapy program for the pain sufferer
will be presented.
Next, use of the "seven keys for constructing a guided healing meditation (i.e., Self-care technique) for the pain patient that also
incorporates Francine Shapiro's "light stream" and "spiral" guided meditations will be demonstrated. A script for this, termed the
"C.O.M.P.I.S.S. Pain Healing Meditation," will be distributed.
The workshop will then address how to introduce EMDR to the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain. What EMDR can
do and probably cannot do for pain patients will then be discussed. Next, principles for choosing an initial tarqet for reprocessing
will be discussed.
The presentation will then cover (with clinical case examples):
(1) Red flags and cautions to consider before proceeding with EMDR-
(2) What to do and what not to do if the patient is dissociative;
(3) How to "mirror" and install with EMDR empathic responses to underlying beliefs associated with
"secondary gains" minus primary losses;
(4) Teaching the distinction between pain sensations and suffering;
(5) How to teach and install with EMDR self-care and pain coping techniques such as pain relief
imagery, mental distraction techniques, safe place imagery, and positive motivation for healthy
self-care behaviors;
(6) How to directly address with the patient the application of "cognitive psychology" and imagery
for pain reduction;
(7) EMDR reprocessing of memories around the pain's origins;
(8) EMDR reprocessing of pain-related conflicts, negative beliefs, negative past experiences,
internalized self-identifications, self-punitive tendencies and self-defeating behaviors;
(9) Eliciting core negative pain coping cognitions and suggesting preferable positive cognitions to the pain patient;
(10) EMDR reprocessing of negative cognitions associated with depression and anxiety.
(11) Use of EMDR to facilitate mental rehearsal of coping responses to pain triggers;
(12) Material that often comes up in using EMDR with pain patients;
(13) Strategically restructuring patient "resistance" with coanitive interweave;
(14) Managing narcotic and pain medication seeking behavior and substance abuse;
(15) Use of Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing medication dependence and substance abuse in
this population;
(16) Treating pain patients who also have PTSD.
Videotaped case excerpts will be shown that illustrate important points covered.
If time permits, participants may be able to briefly discuss EMDR applications to specific medical and pain patient populations.
Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Pain Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Tarquinio, C. (2007). EMDR et prise en charge du psychotraumatisme [EMDR and management of psychological trauma]. En L. Crocq, (Ed.), Traumatismes psychiques: Prise en charge psychologique des victimes (pp. 157-167). Issy-les-Moulineaux: Elsevier-Masson. doi:10.1016/B978-2-294-07144-7.50016-6.
Language: French
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
L’eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) est
une méthode thérapeutique inaugurée par Francine Shapiro
en 1989 et qui consiste à utiliser les mouvements oculaires
contrôlés pour décharger la conscience de ses affects pathologiques. En une dizaine d’années, l’EMDR a trouvé son indication privilégiée dans le traitement de l’état de stress posttraumatique (ESPT), donnant lieu à un grand nombre d’études. Aux États-Unis, il y a en effet aujourd’hui plus de publications d’études contrôlées sur le traitement de l’ESPT par la
thérapie EMDR que par tout autre type d’interventions cliniques, y compris les traitements médicamenteux. Les recommandations pour l’usage de cette approche thérapeutique ne
manquent pas, provenant des plus éminentes sociétés savantes reconnues sur le plan international pour leurs compétences
en ce qui concerne la question du syndrome de stress posttraumatique. L’objectif de ce chapitre sera de permettre une meilleure connaissance de la thérapie EMDR, en exposant d’abord l’historique de la méthode, puis son cadrage théorique, et ensuite le protocole de base de cette thérapie.
The eye movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic method inaugurated by Francine Shapiro
in 1989 and of using eye movements controlled to discharge the consciousness of his pathological condition. In ten years, EMDR has found its ideal indication for the treatment of the state of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resulting in a large number of studies. In the U.S., there is indeed now more publications of controlled studies on the treatment of PTSD by
EMDR than any other type of clinical interventions, including medication. Recommendations for the use of this therapeutic approach does abound, from the most eminent scientific societies recognized internationally for their expertise
regarding the issue of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The purpose of this chapter will enable a better understanding of EMDR, exposing
First, the history of the method and its theoretical framework, and then the basic protocol of this therapy.
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Kavakcı, Ö., Kaptanoğlu, E., Kuğu, N., & Doğan, O. (2010). EMDR fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek olabilir mi? Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme [EMDR: A new choice of treatment in fibromyalgia? A review and report of a case presentation]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(3), 143-151.
Language: Turkish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Fibromiyalji Sendromu (FMS) etyolojisi belli olmayan yaygın vücut ağrıları, belirli anatomik bölgelerde hassasiyet, azalmış ağrı eşiği, uyku bozuklukları, yorgunluk ve sıklıkla psikolojik sıkıntı ile karakterize eklem dışı romatizmal bir hastalıktır. FMS'de psikiyatrik komorbidite yüksektir ve son zamanlarda FMS ve psikolojik travma ilişkisini gösteren yayınlar artmaktadır. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı psikolojik travmaya yönelik bir tedavinin FMS'nin belirtilerini yatıştırıp yatıştırmayacağını değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon (FTR) kliniğinden ilaç tedavisine iyi yanıt vermemiş FMS tanısı konulan bir hastada önce travma yaşantısı olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiş, ardından saptanan travmalarına yönelik göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) uygulanmıştır. Hasta; Beş yıldır şikâyetleri olan 34 yaşında, evli, kadın, ilaç kullanmıyor. Visuel Ağrı Skalasında (VAS) ağrı düzeyi 9-10, hassas nokta sayısı 15/18 olarak belirlendi. Beck Depresyon Ölçeği puanı (BDÖ) 22 ve Foa Travma Değerlendirme Ölçeği (TDÖ) puanı 41 olarak saptandı. EMDR tedavisi sonrasında; VAS 3, hassas nokta sayısı 11/18, TDÖ 6, BDÖ puanı 2 olarak bulundu. Hastanın 3 ve 6 aylık takipte iyilik halinin sürdüğü tespit edildi.Bu olgunun travmalarına yönelik tedavi uygulanması sonrasında hem psikiyatrik hem de somatik yakınmalarında belirgin düzelme görülmüş ve bu iyileşmenin olası mekanizmaları tartışılmıştır. FMS'li olgularda travmatik deneyimlerin aranması ve EMDR veya başka travma yönelimli yaklaşımların uygulanması olumlu sonuçlar verebilir.
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic disease with unknown etiology and is characterized by widespread pain, increased tenderness in some anatomical regions, increased pain sensitivity, sleep disorders, fatigue and frequently by psychological distress. Psychiatric comorbidity is high in FMS and reports denoting to relationship of FMS and psychologial trauma have increased recently. We aimed to assess whether or not a treatment modality concerning trauma can alleviate symptoms of FMS. One of the FMS patients who was admitted to the outpatient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was randomly assigned to the present study. After that, assessed whether patients's traumatic experiences, and the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy was performed to the patient. A thirty-four year old female married patient, had symptoms of FMS for five years. She was not on any medication. Intensity of her pain was identfied as 10 by visuel analog scale (VAS), tender point count was 15 out of 18 and the scores of Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and The Post Traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) were 22 and 41, respectively. After the EMDR treatment VAS score was 3, tender point count was 11 and the scores of BDS and PDS were 2 and 6, respectively. The recovery was sustained at the 3rd and 6th months of follow up. In this case, we observed amelioration in both psychiatric and somatic symptoms of the patient after EMDR therapy and we discussed the possible mechanisms of this recovery. Searching for traumatic experiences and treating those traumas in FMS patients by EMDR or similar methods may result in favourable results.
Keywords: Fibromyalgia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Kim, D. (2010, July). EMDR for the treatment of schizophrenia. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Despite standard treatment with antipsychotic medication, many individuals with schizophrenia continue to suffer from
significant residual symptoms and functional disabilities. Thus, psychosocial treatment for this difficult-to-treat disorder
is warranted. Given the high prevalence of trauma in this population, role of life events, and stressful treatment-related
adversities, EMDR is suggested to have an important place in the treatment and management of schizophrenia. This presentation will first provide the background of using EMDR for this population, then, procedural considerations. Finally,
two case reports and results of a randomized clinical trial done with acute phase schizophrenia will be demonstrated.
Keywords: Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Garza, J. (1995). EMDR for through disorder clients. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 5-6.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
I have found that EMDR is a useful therapy in the treatment of persons with a major mental illness. The people with whom I have been work ing have been diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenia, Personality Disorder NOS, Bipolar Mixed, SchizoaEective Disorder, Borderline, Personality Disorder, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, and Dysthymic Disorder. All of these people have been der physically and/or sexually abused. Although we can treat thought and mood disorders with medication, the emotional memories of the trauma remain and can exacerbate the illness.
Keywords: Major Mental Illness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Schneider, J., Hofmann, A., Rost, C., & Shapiro, F. (2008, January-February). EMDR in the treatment of chronic phantom limb pain: Theoretical implications, case study, and treatment guidelines. Pain Medicine, 9(1), 76-82. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00299.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: Little research substantiates long-term gains in the treatment of phantom limb pain. This report describes and evaluates an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment with extensive follow-up. Design: A case series of phantom limb pain patients. Setting. In-patient hospitalization and out-patient private practice. Patients: Case series of five patients with phantom limb pain ranging from 1 to 16 years. All patents were on extensive medication regimens prior to EMDR. Interventions: Three to 15 sessions of EMDR were used to treat the pain and the psychological ramifications. Outcome Measures: Patients were measured for continued use of medications, pain intensity/frequency, psychological trauma, and depression. Results: EMDR resulted in a significant decrease or elimination of phantom pain, reduction in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to subclinical levels, and significant reduction or elimination of medications related to the phantom pain and nociceptive pain at long-term follow-up. Conclusions: The overview and long-term follow-up indicate that EMDR was successful in the treatment of both the phantom limb pain and the psychological consequences of amputation. The latter include issues of personal loss, grief, self-image, and social adjustment. These results suggest that (1) a significant aspect of phantom limb pain is the physiological memory storage of the nociceptive pain sensations experienced at the time of the event and (2) these memories can be successfully reprocessed. Further research is needed to explore the theoretical and treatment implications of this information-processing approach. [PubMed]
Keywords: Chronic Pain Empirical Study Follow-up Study Phantom Limb Pain Quantitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Saêta, L. B. (2012, Novembro). EMDR no tratamento da dor e das sensações fantasmas [EMDR in the treatment of pain and phantom sensations]. In EMDR e dor crônica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Sujeitos vítimas de amputação podem apresentar, imeditamente após a mesma, algum tipo de desconforto no membro ausente, descrito como formigamento, dormência, posição do membro, temperatura, latejamento, choque e apertamento que podem manifestar-se com a presença ou não de dor, tendo sua qualidade de vida reduzida. Observa-se que atualmente, as abordagens terapêuticas usadas no manejo da dor e das sensações fantasmas podem ser organizadas em três modalidades: medicamentosa, de apoio e cirúrgica, feitas em conjunto ou separadamente. Os tratamentos de apoio mais conhecidos incluem estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea, terapia vibratória, acupuntura, hipnose e biofeedback. A proposta desse estudo foi verificar a eficiência do EMDR na redução e/ou eliminação das sensações e da dor fantasmas aplicado a seis sujeitos com amputação de membro inferior, num período de um a três meses de duração (de 4 a 12 sessões de 60 a 90 minutos de duração), utilizando o protocolo EMDR padrão e o protocolo EMDR para a dor, e também exercícios corporais de respiração consciente, aliados, em casos de resistência dos sujeitos ao EMDR, à ativação da visão macular dos dois olhos e a exercícios rítmicos de espernear. Tais procedimentos proporcionaram uma melhor comunicação entre os hemisférios cerebrais, numa reorganização cortical que facilitou o aumento da consciência e aceitação da perda do membro amputado, sendo possível presenciar efeitos terapêuticos positivos e rápidos. Constatou-se que as sensações e as dores fantasmas diminuíram significativamente em três participantes e desapareceram por completo nos outros três, comprovando a eficácia e eficiência do EMDR no processo de inclusão e readaptação social em sujeitos vítimas de amputação.
Subjected victims of amputation may have, immediately after it, some kind of discomfort absent member, described as tingling, numbness, limb position, temperature, throbbing, clenching and shock that may occur with the presence or absence of pain, having a reduced quality of life. It is observed that currently, the therapeutic approaches used in the management of pain and phantom sensations can be organized into three types: medication, and surgical support, made jointly or separately. The most popular treatments include support transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, vibratory therapy, acupuncture, hypnosis and biofeedback. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of EMDR in the reduction and / or elimination of phantom sensations and pain applied to six subjects with lower limb amputation in a period of one to three months duration (4 to 12 sessions of 60 to 90 minutes), using the standard EMDR protocol and the protocol EMDR for pain, and also body conscious breathing exercises, combined, in cases of resistance to the subject of EMDR, the activation of macular vision in both eyes and rhythmic exercises kicking . These procedures allow for a better communication between the cerebral hemispheres, cortical reorganization in which facilitated the increased awareness and acceptance of the loss of the amputated limb, and you can witness the positive therapeutic effects and fast. It was found that the sensations and phantom pain significantly decreased in three participants and disappeared completely in the other three, proving the efficiency and effectiveness of EMDR in the process of inclusion and social rehabilitation of victims subject to amputation.
Keywords: Amputation Phantom Pain Phantom Sensation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. Ferrie, R. (2013, May). EMDR therapy and psychiatric medication. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many clients who present for EMDR are medicated with psychiatric drugs. The question arises whether these
medications are helpful in the context of EMDR therapy or not. We as psychotherapists, by definition, are involved
in a dialogue about mental health with our clients; therefore, on the important subject of psychoactive medication
we have a responsibility to be informed ourselves and to share this information with our clients. This presentation
is intended to provide tools especially for the non-medical therapist to learn how to navigate the territory of
psychiatric drugs-use in a way that helps clients. Included in the presentation will be a discussion of individual
case studies of traumatized clients, who had first been treated with psychiatric medication and then sought EMDR
therapy; an examination of how psychiatric drugs help or hinder and how they compare to the EMDR therapy
approach; and evidence from the current literature which calls into question the assumption of mental disorders
being due to a chemical imbalance requiring life-long medication. The robustness of the EMDR protocol and how
helpful it has proven to be to clients who have dealt with being heavily medicated and suffering from attendant
side effects will be illustrated. Learning objectives:
• Critique the evidence-based literature on psychiatric medication and the now insupportable information, given
to clients and doctors, which excludes the findings of long-term harm caused by all classes of psychiatric
medication. Participants will be able to assess the importance of the few reliable long-term outcome studies
and compare the effectiveness of psychotherapy/EMDR with psychiatric drugs.
• Evaluate a series of cases studies of clients, previously traumatized, who were medicated with psychoactive
drugs when first seeking EMDR Therapy.
• Gain knowledge of the different available protocols designed to help clients to be safely weaned off
psychiatric medication.
• In the process of discussion, participants will compare their own and other participants’ experiences with
such medicated clients.
Keywords: Medication
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Konuk, E., Epözdemir, H., Hacıömeroğlu Atçeken, S., Aydın, Y. E., & Yurtsever, A. (2011). EMDR treatment of migraine. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), 166-176. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.166.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This pilot study was conducted at Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, Istanbul, to investigate the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on migraine headache by specifically treating traumas related to headaches. The sample consisted of 11 Turkish participants with chronic daily headache: 9 women (mean age of 31.7 years) and 2 men (mean age of 30.5 years). Participants had a history of migraine ranging from 2 to 30 years (mean = 12 years). Variables included participant daily ratings of headache frequency, duration, and intensity; medication intake; hospital emergency room (ER) visits; and scores on the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire. The results showed a significant decrease in headache frequency and duration with no reduction in pain intensity. There was a significant decrease in the use of painkillers and ER visits. All results were maintained at 3-month follow-up, providing some preliminary evidence that EMDR may be effective and useful as an alternative treatment for migraine.
Keywords: Headache Protocol Migraine
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Konuk, E., & Epozdemir, H. (2011, June). EMDR treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The prevalence of chronic migraine headache in western societies ranges between 12-24% for women and 5-12% for men. In Turkey, about 21% of women and 11% of men suffer from migraine. It is one of the most disabling problems that a person can have.
Pharmacological treatment and behavioral interventions are the most widely used approaches for migraine. The term ‘chronic’ implies that the problem is not solvable. In this case it means that although pharmacological treatments and behavioral interventions meaningfully reduce the pain for some of the patients, there remains a population of headache sufferers who get large amounts of medicine, have to go to the emergency room frequently because of too much pain prolonged over many hours and at times days. Furthermore, some medications have moderate to severe adverse effects or contraindicate with clients’ existing conditions.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that was developed to reduce or eliminate the symptoms resulting from unresolved traumatic memories. Recently EMDR treatment has provided promising results in alleviating chronic pain and increasing sufferers’ psychological wellbeing. Research pointing out the neurobiological similarities found in patients who suffers PTSD and chronic pain, encouraged many clinician and researcher to explore the utilization of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain.
We developed the EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in order to obtain and maintain a high level of treatment fidelity and stick to scientific rigor and as a guide for future research. In collaboration with a public hospital in Turkey, we conducted a pilot study with chronic migraine patients diagnosed also as having chronic daily headache. The study continues with an enlarged sample and the present analyses revealed that there was a significant decrease in the frequency, the duration and the strength of the headaches of patients treated with the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol. Besides, the number of the Emergency Care visits and the amount of medication taken were also decreased significantly in patients treated with EMDR.
Learning objectives:
The major aim of this workshop, is to present to the participants, how to use The EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol in the treatment of patients diagnosed as having both Chronic Migraine and Chronic Daily Headache (CDH). Participants will gain detailed information about how to use EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in emergency cases too. There will be DVD recordings of sessions demonstrating how to intervene a migraine attack during a session and also how the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol is used for the treatment of chronic migraine headache.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Epozdemir, H., Haciomeroglu, S., & Konuk, E. (2012, October). EMDR treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Chronic migraine is one of the most disabling problems that a person can have. Pharmacological treatment and behavioral interventions are the most widely used approaches for migraine with no much meaningful effect. The EMDR Chronic Migraine Protocol was developed and tested in a pilot study in Turkey. There was a significant decrease in the frequency, duration and strength of the headaches. Besides, Emergency Care visits and medication were also decreased significantly. The major aim of this workshop, is to teach the participants, how to use EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol in the treatment of migraine patients.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Konuk, E., Epozdemir, H., & Haciomeroglu, S. (2012, June). EMDR treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache [Tratamiento de migrañas y cefalea diaria y crónica con EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The
prevalence
of
chronic
migraine
headache
in
western
societies
ranges
between
12-‐24%
for
women
and
5-‐12%
for
men.
In
Turkey,
about
21%
of
women
and
11%
of
men
suffer
from
migraine.
It
is
one
of
the
most
disabling
problems
that
a
person
can
have.
Pharmacological
treatment
and
behavioral
interventions
are
the
most
widely
used
approaches
for
migraine.
The
term
‘chronic’
implies
that
the
problem
is
not
solvable.
In
this
case
it
means
that
although
pharmacological
treatments
and
behavioral
interventions
meaningfully
reduce
the
pain
for
some
of
the
patients,
there
remains
a
population
of
headache
sufferers
who
get
large
amounts
of
medicine,
have
to
go
to
the
emergency
room
frequently
because
of
too
much
pain
prolonged
over
many
hours
and
at
times
days.
Furthermore,
some
medications
have
moderate
to
severe
adverse
effects
or
contraindicate
with
clients’
existing
conditions.
Eye
Movement
Desensitization
and
Reprocessing
(EMDR)
is
an
integrative
psychotherapy
approach
that
was
developed
to
reduce
or
eliminate
the
symptoms
resulting
from
unresolved
traumatic
memories.
Recently
EMDR
treatment
has
provided
promising
results
in
alleviating
chronic
pain
and
increasing
sufferers’
psychological
wellbeing.
Research
pointing
out
the
neurobiological
similarities
found
in
patients
who
suffers
PTSD
and
chronic
pain,
encouraged
many
clinician
and
researcher
to
explore
the
utilization
of
EMDR
in
the
treatment
of
chronic
pain.
We
developed
the
EMDR
Chronic
Migraine
Headache
Protocol
in
order
to
obtain
and
maintain
a
high
level
of
treatment
fidelity
and
stick
to
scientific
rigor
and
as
a
guide
for
future
research.
In
collaboration
with
a
public
hospital
in
Turkey,
we
conducted
a
pilot
study
with
chronic
migraine
patients
diagnosed
also
as
having
chronic
daily
headache.
The
study
continues
with
an
enlarged
sample
and
the
present
analyses
revealed
that
there
was
a
significant
decrease
in
the
frequency,
the
duration
and
the
strength
of
the
headaches
of
patients
treated
with
the
EMDR
Chronic
Headache
Protocol.
Besides,
the
number
of
the
Emergency
Care
visits
and
the
amount
of
medication
taken
were
also
decreased
significantly
in
patients
treated
with
EMDR.
The
major
aim
of
this
workshop,
is
to
present
to
the
participants,
how
to
use
The
EMDR
Chronic
Headache
Protocol
in
the
treatment
of
patients
diagnosed
as
having
both
Chronic
Migraine
and
Chronic
Daily
Headache
(CDH).
Participants
will
gain
detailed
information
about
how
to
use
EMDR
Chronic
Migraine
Headache
Protocol
in
emergency
cases
too.
There
will
be
DVD
recordings
of
sessions
demonstrating
how
to
intervene
a
migraine
attack
during
a
session
and
also
how
the
EMDR
Chronic
Headache
Protocol
is
used
for
the
treatment
of
chronic
migraine
headache.
The
assessment
tools
used
for
the
project
will
be
given
to
participants
as
hand
outs
La
prevalencia
de
migraña
crónica
en
las
sociedades
occidentales
oscila
entre
el
12-‐24%
entre
las
mujeres
y
el
5-‐12%
en
los
hombres.
En
Turquía,
alrededor
del
21%
de
las
mujeres
y
11%
de
los
hombres
sufren
jaquecas.
Es
una
de
las
dolencias
más
discapacitantes
que
se
pueda
tener.
Los
tratamientos
más
habituales
para
tratar
las
migrañas
son
de
tipo
farmacológico
e
intervenciones
conductuales.
El
término
‘crónico’
implica
que
el
problema
no
tiene
solución.
En
este
caso,
significa
que
aunque
los
tratamientos
farmacológicos
y
conductuales
reducen
el
dolor
significativamente
en
algunos
pacientes,
sigue
habiendo
una
población
de
individuos
que
sufren
cefaleas
y
que
reciben
grandes
cantidades
de
medicamentos,
que
tienen
que
acudir
a
urgencias
con
frecuencia
debido
a
que
sufren
demasiado
dolor
que
se
prolonga
durante
muchas
horas
y,
en
ocasiones,
días.
Es
más,
algunos
fármacos
tienen
efectos
secundarios
entre
moderados
y
graves
o
cuyas
contraindicaciones
incluyen
afecciones
que
padecen
los
clientes.
La
desensibilización
y
reprocesamiento
con
movimientos
oculares
(EMDR)
supone
un
planteamiento
psicoterapéutico
integral
desarrollado
para
reducir
o
eliminar
los
síntomas
que
son
consecuencia
de
recuerdos
traumáticos
sin
resolver.
Hace
poco,
se
ha
visto
que
el
tratamiento
con
EMDR
ha
logrado
resultados
prometedores
en
el
alivio
del
dolor
crónico
y
que
aumenta
el
bienestar
psicológico
de
las
personas
afectadas.
Las
investigaciones
que
señalan
las
similitudes
neurobiológicas
detectadas
entre
los
pacientes
que
sufren
TEPT
y
los
que
padecen
el
dolor
crónico
han
animado
a
muchos
clínicos
e
investigadores
a
explorar
el
empleo
de
EMDR
en
el
tratamiento
del
dolor
crónico.
Hemos
desarrollado
el
protocolo
de
EMDR
para
tratar
la
migraña
crónica
para
conseguir
y
mantener
un
alto
nivel
de
fidelidad
terapéutico
y
para
mantener
el
rigor
científico,
además
de
para
que
sirva
para
orientar
la
investigación
en
el
futuro.
En
colaboración
con
un
hospital
público
en
Turquía,
hemos
llevado
a
cabo
un
estudio
piloto
en
pacientes
con
un
diagnóstico
de
migraña
crónica
diaria.
El
estudio
sigue
en
curso
con
una
muestra
ampliada
y
los
análisis
actuales
han
mostrado
que
ha
habido
una
disminución
significativa
en
la
frecuencia,
duración
e
intensidad
de
las
cefaleas
de
los
pacientes
tratados
con
el
protocolo
de
EMDR
para
tratar
la
cefalea
crónica.
Es
más,
el
número
de
visitas
a
urgencias
y
la
cantidad
de
fármacos
administrados
también
se
redujo
de
forma
significativa
en
los
pacientes
tratados
con
EMDR.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Ridgeway, E. (2005). Experimental treatment brings migraine relief without medication. Los Altos, CA: Los Altos Town Crier.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Los Altos psychotherapist Steven Marcus has applied his knowledge of EMDR, on which he has
published several papers, to experimental treatment for migraines. It combines three fornns of
physical intervention to treat and prevent migraine pain without drugs.
Keywords: Los Altos Migraines Steven Marcus
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. Brown, S. H., Stowasser, J. E., & Shapiro, F. (2011). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR): Mental health-substance use. In D. B. Cooper (Ed.), Intervention in Mental Health-Substance Use (pp. 165-193) United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd .
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Substance use disorders remain a persistent social and medical problem. According to a
recent report,1 addiction is the number one health problem in the United States. The report
notes that when one considers the direct costs of drug-induced health problems, deaths due
to accidents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or drug-related acts of violent crime,
there are ‘more deaths, illnesses and disabilities from substance abuse than from any other
preventable health condition’.1
Most experts today agree that substance use disorders are a complex interaction
between genetics, environment, and experience. ‘Substance dependence is not a failure of
will or of strength of character, but a medical disorder that could affect any human being.
Dependence is a chronic and relapsing disorder, often co-occurring with other physical
and mental conditions’.2
The question remains - Why has it been that over the course of human history,
where people and cultures have had access to alcohol and potent mind-altering substances,
that only some become addicted while the rest are able to regulate their use?
The drugs that people experiencing substance use disorders select are not chosen
randomly, but are a result of an interaction between the psychopharmacologic action of the
drug and the dominant painful feelings with which they struggle. Edward Khantzian,
observed that opiates are often preferred because of their powerful numbing action on the
affects of rage and aggression. Cocaine has its appeal because of its ability to relieve
distress associated with depression. Although ill-fated, ‘addicts discover that the short-term
effects of their drugs of choice help them cope with distressful subjective states and an
external reality otherwise experienced as unmanageable or overwhelming’. Thus emerges a compelling hypothesis, which proposes that people use psychoactive substances in an
attempt to control painful symptoms resulting from psychological trauma. This is referred
to as ‘self-medication’.
Some studies in the United States show that more than 50% of people with mental
disorders also suffer from substance dependence compared to 6% of the general
population.2 It is from our interest in providing integrated treatment for the complex
interaction of genes, environment, trauma, and psychological pain as a driving force behind
mental health-substance use disorders, that this chapter is written.
Keywords: Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Kim, D., & Choi, J. (2004, November). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for disorder of extreme stress: A case report. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 43(6), 760-763.
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A chronic psychological disorder is often encountered in adult survivors of severe and repeated child abuse. We report a case of successful Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in a multiply traumatized survivor whose previous treatments with psychotropic medication and supportive psychotherapy were unsuccessful. A series of consecutive six weekly sessions of EMDR were given. The patient completed Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Dissociative Experiences Scale. State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Impact of Event Scale-Revised at four points; at two months and a week before EMDR, a week and six months after EMDR. After EMDR, the patient improved on all the measures of scales. These gains were maintained at six months after the termination of treatment. This case suggests a possible application of EMDR with for chronic difficult-to-treat post traumatic conditions.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. Schneider, G., Nabavi, D., & Heuft, G. (2005, December). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in a patient with comorbid epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 7(4), 715-718. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.08.020.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Whether eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes reactivation of epilepsy is as yet unclear. A 34-year-old woman was treated in an inpatient multimodal psychotherapeutic setting with EMDR for PTSD resulting from sexual harassment and for a moderate depressive episode. She had been diagnosed with idiopathic generalized absence epilepsy in childhood, but had experienced no seizures under lamotrigine medication since 1999. After the second EMDR session, clinical seizures in the form of absences occurred, and were validated by electroencephalography. The seizures ceased after medication with benzodiazepines and an increase in the lamotrigine level. She underwent four more sessions of EMDR treatment successfully without further seizures. Possible triggers are discussed, especially as to whether EMDR treatment played a role in reactivating epilepsy. Further research and publications on the application of EMDR in epilepsy patients are needed.
Keywords: Adults Amputation Case Report Clinical Case Study Depressive Disorders Males Motor Traffic Accident Physical Pain Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Traffic Accident
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Fowler, K. B. (2007, January). The first symptoms of psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(1), 16-18. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj025.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Episodes of significant depression have been a part of my life for as long as I can recall, but psychosis was unknown to me until I was in my mid-thirties, months after the birth of my second child. At first, all I recognized were the emerging symptoms of postpartum depression in the weeks after the birth: a familiar scenario, since it had also occurred with my first child. My doctor immediately prescribed 50mg of Prozac daily. I took the medication, felt much better, and continued to breastfeed my second daughter with no apparent problems. In fact, for about four months I felt better than I had in years. My therapist, an LCSW, was thrilled with my progress. She had been treating me with a technique called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The therapy worked. In this article I present essays. These essays are my recollections of some of the new, and very foreign, moments in the beginning of that process, as my mind gradually turned from sane to psychotic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: First Symptoms Psychosis Postpartum Depression Schizophrenia Symptoms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Cahill, S., & Frueh, C. (1997, September-October). Flooding versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy: Relative efficacy has yet to be investigated -- comment on Pitman et al (1996). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 38(5), 300-303. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(97)90064-X.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Pitman et al. recently published a pair of studies on the relationship between indicators of emotional processing and outcome in flooding therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Among their conclusions, they asserted EMDR was found to be at least as effective [as] flooding in the treatment of combat-related PTSD and produced fewer adverse consequences. Although this research constitutes an important contribution to the literature on psychosocial treatments for PTSD, their conclusions regarding the relative effectiveness of these two treatments are unwarranted. The bases of our objections are that (1) assignment of participants to treatment conditions was nonrandom, and (2) several significant procedural differences existed between the two studies in addition to the specific treatments under investigation. These include different inclusion and exclusion criteria, the confounding of psychological treatment with psychiatric medication status, and differences in assessment procedures. Since the two treatments were not compared in a single head-to-head controlled trial, we conclude that their relative efficacy has yet to be investigated. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Comment Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Strerss Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Reply Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. Marcus, S. (2008, Maart ). Het behandelen van hoofdpijn met geïntegreerde EMDR [Treating headaches with integrated EMDR]. Presentatie op het derde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Negentig procent van het Amerikaanse publiek krijgt af en toe hoofdpijn. Naar schatting vijfenveertig miljoen Amerikanen hebben ernstige terugkerende hoofdpijn. Tot dusver is het primaire behandeling voor hoofdpijn is farmaceutica. Deze workshop beoogt u vertrouwd te maken met een niet-veilige alternatieve medicatie voor de behandeling van hoofdpijnen die gebruik maakt van EMDR.
De bedoeling van dit seminar is om artsen te trainen in het gebruik van een geïntegreerde aanpak van EMDR bij de behandeling van spanning en migraine. Meer dan 50% van deze presentatie is de opleiding en "hands on" de praktijk van de geïntegreerde aanpak van EMDR. De twee primaire doelstellingen van dit seminar zijn aan a) een overzicht van de huidige professionele praktijken van de behandeling hoofdpijn en b) de deelnemers te trainen in het gebruik van geïntegreerde EMDR, Fase 1 (acute hoofdpijn reliëf) en fase 2 (multi-sessie behandeling van hoofdpijn ). Andere doelstellingen zijn onder andere inzicht hoofdpijn ontstaan, hoofdpijn trigger identificatie, hoofdpijn drempel theorie, overzicht van dr. Marcus 'Migraine Onderzoek, training in de geïntegreerde EMDR protocol dat ontwikkeld is voor de klinische praktijk, informed consent en inzicht in de rol van de provider bij de inzet van deze benadering in de klinische praktijk . Hoewel deze workshop is voor slechts EMDR getrainde clinicus, hoofdpijn eerdere ervaring in behandeling is niet vereist.
Dit seminar zal u helpen om:
1. Geef hoofdpijn opluchting voor uw patiënten.
2. Herkennen de verschillende soorten hoofdpijn.
3. Inzicht in de biologie van de hoofdpijn.
4. Combat rebound of verslavingsproblemen gemaakt door migraine medicatie door het gebruik van natuurlijke methoden voor hoofdpijn behandeling.
5. Hier 8 niet-hoofdpijn medicatie interventies.
6. Integratie van een nieuw specialisme in uw praktijk.
Ninety percent of the American public gets occasional headaches. An estimated forty five million Americans have severe reoccurring headaches. Up until now the primary treatment for headaches has been pharmaceuticals. This workshop seeks to familiarize you with a safe non-medication alternative for the treatment of headaches that utilizes EMDR.
The intent of this seminar is to train clinicians in the use of an integrated EMDR approach to treating tension and migraine headaches. Over 50% of this presentation is training and “hands on” practice of the Integrated EMDR approach. The two primary objectives of this seminar are to a) provide a professional overview of current practices of headache treatment and b) to train participants in the use of Integrated EMDR, Phase 1 (acute headache relief) and Phase 2 (multi-session headache treatment). Other objectives include understanding headache etiology, headache trigger identification, headache threshold theory, overview of Dr. Marcus’ Migraine Research, training in the Integrated EMDR protocol designed for clinical practice, informed consent and understanding the role of provider when deploying this approach in clinical practice. Although this workshop is for EMDR trained clinician’s only, previous experience in headache treatment is not required.
This seminar will help you to:
1. Provide headache relief for your patients.
2. Recognize the different headache types.
3. Understand the biology of headaches.
4. Combat rebound or addiction problems created by migraine medication by utilizing natural methods for headache treatment.
5. Learn 8 non-medication headache interventions.
6. Integrate a new specialty into your practice.
Keywords: Headaches
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Spierings, J. (2013, April). Hoezo therapeutische relatie, we hebben toch het protocol? [Why therapeutic relationship, we do have the protocol?]. Presentatie op het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
De therapeutische relatie in EMDR:
Lambert en Barley (2001) komen in hun review van tientallen onderzoeken naar de resultaten van psychotherapie tot de volgende conclusies: Toepassen van de methodiek (in dit geval EMDR) maakt 15% van het resultaat uit. Nog eens 15% is toe te schrijven aan het placebo effect, lees: hoop en verwachting (en daarmee ook inzet en commitment van de cliënt). Maar liefst 30% komt voor rekening van de zgn. non-specifieke variabelen zoals de kwaliteit van de relatie tussen hulpverlener en cliënt, de geloofwaardigheid van de therapeut, het vermogen van de therapeut om de cliënt aan het werk te krijgen en de aandacht van de cliënt op zijn eigen beleving gefocust te houden. Nog eens 40% wordt bepaald door buiten de therapie gelegen factoren (cliëntfactoren zoals het vermogen om te associëren, of een nieuwe relatie, of medicatie die goed aanslaat).
The therapeutic relationship in EMDR:
Lambert and Barley (2001) conclude in their review of dozens of studies on the results of psychotherapy to the following conclusions: Application of the method (in this case EMDR) is 15% of the result. Another 15% is due to the placebo effect, read: hope and expectation (and thus effort and commitment of the client). A whopping 30% is accounted for by the so-called non-specific variables such as the quality of the relationship between counselor and client, the credibility of the therapist, the ability of the therapist to the client to work and get the attention of the client on his own experience to keep focused. Another 40% is determined by factors located outside therapy (client factors such as the ability to associate, or a new relationship, or medication that is successful).
Keywords: Therapeutic Relationship
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Marcus, S. (2006, September). Integrated EMDR headache treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Forty-three individuals diagnosed with classic or
common migraine were randomly assigned to
either Integrated EMDR treatment or a medication
treatment. lntegrated EMDR combines
diaphragmatic breathing, cranial compression and
EMDR for abortive migraine treatment. Various
abortive medications were used in the comparison
group including Demerol, DHE, oral triptans,
Excedrin, Florinal, Percoset, Toradol and Vicodin.
Participants were treated during mid to late stage
acute migraine and assessed by an Independent
evaluator at pretreatment, post treatment, 24
hours, 48 hours and 7 days for migraine pain level. Both medication and Integrated EMDR treatment
groups demonstrated reduced migraine pain levels
at post treatment, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days.
Howevei lntegrated EMDR treatment showed
significantly greater improvement compared to
medication at post treatment. Also, lntegrated
EMDR reduced or eliminated migraine pain level
with greater rapdity than medications. This study
introduces lntegrated EMDR as a new abortive
behavioral treatment for acute migraine episodes.
Keywords: Headache
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. Marcus, S. (2005, September). Integrated EMDR headache treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Ninety percent of the American public gets occasional headaches. An estimated fifty million Americans have severe re-occurring headaches. Up until now, the primary treatment for headaches has been pharmaceuticals. This workshop
seeks to familiarize you with a non-medication natural alternative for the treatment of headaches that utilizes EMDR. This workshop will employ lecture, demonstration and actual practice of the Integrated EMDR approach. The purpose of this teaching strategy is to prepare you for clinical practice. Objectives include understanding headache etiology, headache trigger
identification, threshold theory, training in the integrated EMDR prorocol used in Dr. Marcus' headache research, discussion of protocol utilization in clinical practice, informed consent, transference issues, and discussion of the role of provider when deploying this approach. This workshop is for advanced
EMDR practitioners but previous experience in headache treatment is not required.
Keywords: Headache
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. Pereira, I. (2012, Novembro). Intervenção psicoterapêutica no tratamento de paciente com a síndrome de fibromialgia [Psychotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome]. In EMDR e fibromialgia. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivo: Compartilhar a remissão dos sintomas da Síndrome da Fibriomialgia, com a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR – Dessensibilização e Reprocessamento através de movimentos oculares. R.M.S. iniciou seu tratamento psicoterapêutico em Outubro de 2010, na Abordagem Cognitiva Comportamental. R.M.S. nasceu em 23/06/1957, estava com 53 anos, viúva, tem duas filhas, uma solteira a outra casada. Sofria um luto há mais de três anos porque não aceitava a morte do marido. Apresentava Depressão e Ansiedade, e outras comorbidades: Anorexia Nervosa, Lúpus, Síndrome de Fibriomialgia. De Outubro de 2010 a Dezembro de 2011, a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica em TCC foi associada à medicação psicotrópica com a qual conseguiu redução dos sintomas depressivos. Fazia uso de outros medicamentos para a Síndrome da Fibriomialgia, Lúpus, assim como recorrentes internações em hospital de Clinica Médica Geral para a realização de procedimentos para a redução da dor intensa no corpo (Síndrome da Fibriomialgia) e de intervenção aos sintomas da Anorexia. Após um período de férias, entraram em contato comigo informando que a paciente estava hospitalizada permanecendo duas semanas com a hipótese diagnóstica de câncer, o que na sequência não foi confirmado, tendo recebido alta hospitalar. A dor intensa no corpo, a dificuldade para respirar permaneciam iguais. Solicitou o retorno para a psicoterapia, quando foi sugerido sobre a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR. As sessões foram realizadas conforme protocolo do EMDR. Para o Planejamento das Sessões o foco incial era a Síndrome de Fibriomialgia. Foi pedido à paciente para definir onde ela sentia mais dor no corpo, e de imediato mencionou a dificuldade para respirar, com a queixa de dor no peito. Nesta primeira sessão, ocorreram dessensibilização e reprocessamento rapidamente, tendo a mesma solicitado para trabalhar os braços. As sessões foram realizadas duas a três vezes na semana, e ao longo deste processo podem ser ouvidas frases tais quais: “Como pode passei por tantos médicos e estou sendo curada com por uma psicóloga” (sic); “Gastei com tanto medicamento, aqui com você não tomo remédio e não estou sentindo mais dor no meu corpo” (sic). A terapia prossegue a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR.
Objective: Share remission Syndrome Fibriomialgia, Psychotherapeutic Intervention with EMDR - Desensitization and Reprocessing through eye movements. R.M.S. began her psychotherapeutic treatment in October 2010, Cognitive Behavioral Approach. R.M.S. born on 06.23.1957, he was 53 years old, a widow, has two daughters, one married another maiden. He suffered a bereavement for over three years because they did not accept her husband's death. Presented Depression and Anxiety, and other comorbidities: Anorexia Nervosa, Lupus, Fibriomialgia Syndrome. From October 2010 to December 2011, Psychotherapeutic Intervention in CBT was associated with psychotropic medication which could reduce depressive symptoms. Made use of other medications for Fibriomialgia Syndrome, Lupus, as well as recurrent hospital admissions in Medical Clinic General to carry out procedures for the reduction of pain in the body (Fibriomialgia Syndrome) and intervention for symptoms of Anorexia. After a vacation, contacted me stating that the patient was hospitalized two weeks remaining in the diagnosis of cancer, which as a result was not confirmed, having been discharged. Severe pain in the body, difficulty breathing remained the same. Requested the return for psychotherapy, when it was suggested on EMDR Psychotherapeutic Intervention. The sessions were performed according to the protocol of EMDR. Planning sessions for the initial focus was Fibriomialgia Syndrome. The patient was asked to define where she felt more pain in the body, and immediately mentioned the difficulty breathing, complaining of chest pain. In this first session, desensitization and reprocessing occurred rapidly, with the same request to work the arms. The sessions were held two to three times a week, and during this process can be heard phrases such as: "How can so many doctors and I'm being healed by a psychologist with" (sic), "I spent with both medicine here I do not take medication with you and I'm not feeling more pain in my body "(sic). The therapy continues Psychotherapeutic Intervention EMDR.
Keywords: Comorbidity Fibromyalgia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. Herceg-Eichler, S. (2007, Juin). L'emploi del la technique "butterfly" en cas de haute tension artérielle [The use of the "butterfly" technique in high blood pressure]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Le EMDR, avec sa technique “Butterfly,” est un instrument très valuable a etre untilisé par les patients aussi bien entre less séances-cabinet comme après avoir terminer les séances proprement dites.
La tension artielle trop élevée (outré 75/80 sur 140) cause des risques (crise cardiaque, serrement de Coeur, infarctus du myocarde, apoplexie…). Il y a un certain number of personnes qui tendent à voir une tension arterielle haute en raison de névroticismes et/ou de tress mal-ménagé. Ici la “butterfly” permet un très bon coping: la tension artielle élevée peut-etre diminuée sans médicant lorsqu ils agit “simplement” de stress (réactions névrotiqies en général ou à cause traumatisms).
Cet exposé a été dans mon travel de cabinet (illustré avec plusieurs examples) et je l'
ai déjà présenté en férvier 2006 lors de la reunion annuelle del al Société EMDR Autriche.
The EMDR, with its technical "Butterfly" is a very Valuable to be used as basis by both patients and between-sessions less firm as after completing the sessions themselves.
Tension artiele too high (over 140 outraged 75/80) because of the risks (heart attack, heart tightness, myocardial infarction, stroke ...). There are a number of people who tend to see a high blood pressure because of Nevrotic and / or ill-tress spared. Here the "butterfly" makes a very good coping: artiele high voltage may be reduced without medication when they act "simply" stress (névrotiqies reactions in general or because Traumatism).
The presentation was in my travel of staff (illustrated with several examples) and I
férvier have already presented in 2006 at the annual meeting al del Company EMDR Austria.
Keywords: Butterfly High Blood Pressure
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Staff. (2007, June). The latest, greatest treatments for PTSD. Carlat Psychiatry Report, 5(6). Retrieved from http://www.thecarlatreport.com/index.asp?page=wp530200711859 12/8/2007.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
At least in Britain, it’s official: psychotherapy works better than medication for PTSD. You shouldn’t be too surprised. The last time we covered PTSD (TCPR April 2004) we reviewed the SSRIs and found them to have evidence of only modest efficacy.
Now, according to the latest treatment guidelines from Britain's National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), antidepressants are no longer recommended as a first-line treatment, but cognitive therapy is. You can check out these guidelines for free at http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG26/guidance/pdf/English.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
60. Hingorany, S. (2010, July). Long-term treatment effect for pain disorder and eating disorder by using EMDR: A case report. Symposium (Samin Karim, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This case received an integrated approach treatment mainly composed of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR) and Resource Development. The patient did not respond to the previous treatment with psychotropic medications
and supportive psychotherapy.
Thirty sessions of EMDR treatment were done for the patient. Psychological assessments were conducted before starting
the treatment, after 5 months of treatment (mainly using EMDR ), the pain had disappeared completely. Binging Episodes
had reduced to nil. The antidepressant medication had been maintained through the treatment. After the treatment, the
patient improved on all the psychological scales and behavioural measures. This case suggests that the integrated approach
treatment using EMDR may be effective for complex Pain Disorders and Eating Disorders
Keywords: Case Report Eating Disorders Pain Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. Kim , N. H. (2010, July). Long-term treatment effect of complex PTSD by using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A case report. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
People who were exposed to chronic interpersonal traumas in their early life consistently demonstrate complex psychological
disturbances and many of them meet the criteria for proposed diagnosis of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (complex
PTSD). The author reports a case of the successful sequential integrative treatment mainly composed of eye movement
desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in a complex PTSD patient. The patient did not respond to the previous treatment
with psychotropic medications and supportive psychotherapy. Nineteen sessions of EMDR treatment were done for the
patient. Psychological assessments and behavioral measures were performed before starting the treatment, after 4 months of
treatment (mainly EMDR treatment), after 17 months of treatment (mainly supportive psychotherapy integrated with EMDR
treatment for 13 months) and after 32 months of treatment (supportive psychotherapy for 15 months). The antidepressant
medication had been maintained through the treatment. After the treatment, the patient improved on all the psychological
scales and behavioral measures. This case suggests that the sequential integrative treatment using EMDR may be effective
for complex PTSD patients.
Keywords: Case Report Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. MacDonald, H. (2011, October). Marbles in the elbow and other stories: Using EMDR in treatment resistant pain. Keynote presented at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Persistent pain is common in people who have experienced trauma; and persistent pain also leads to trauma responses, and between 10- 50% of those experiencing chronic pain meet criteria for PTSD. There are many people experiencing current, persistent pain in the general population, and many people referred for EMDR treatment will have pain, whether or not this is the primary reason for the referral.
Current approaches to treating persistent pain include medical and bio-psycho-social interventions. People with chronic pain have often tried multiple specialist treatments for their pain, including medication, surgery, physiotherapy and alternative treatments. The best available evidence suggests that a combination of medical, physiotherapy and psychological interventions is needed, with improved quality of life depending more on management of the emotional impact of pain than necessarily on pain reduction.
An increasing body of evidence suggests that using EMDR for pain can be effective in three main ways: for reducing the experience of pain; targeting pain memories and overcoming the impact of pain on the individual.
There will be a brief overview of research evidence and current clinical experience, and practical applications. This will include working with imagery in specific ways relevant to working with people in pain; and discussion of case examples. (Author abstract)
Keywords: Persistent Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. Bryant, R. A., & Friedman, M. J. (2001, March). Medication and non-medication treatments of post-traumatic stress disorder. doi:10.1097/00001504-200103000-00004. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 14(2), 119-123. doi:10.1097%2F00001504-200103000-00004.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Recent developments in the psychological and pharmacological management of post-traumatic stress disorder are reviewed. This review of controlled outcome studies indicates that: (i) cognitive behavior therapy is the psychological treatment of choice; (ii) different components of cognitive behavior therapy can be effective; (iii) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is not as effective as cognitive behavior therapy; (iv) selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are the pharmacological treatment of choice; and (v) there is increasing support for nefazadone but not for cyproheptadine in reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. The need for increased treatment effectiveness and the integration of recent findings into clinical practice is discussed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Atypical Antidepressants Cognitive Therapy Drug Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Treatment Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
64. Willemsen, H., Chowdhury, U., & Briscall, L. (2002, October). Needle phobia in children: A discussion of aetiology and treatment options. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(4), 609-619. doi:10.1177/1359104502007004012.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In this article we review the current literature surrounding needle phobia, concentrating
on clinical symptoms, aetiology and treatment options. Clinical symptoms
include sudden increase in heart rate and blood pressure on exposure to needles
followed by an immediate slowing of the heart and decrease in blood pressure
(vasovagal reflex). The various schools of thought surrounding aetiology of this
condition include biological, psychological and psychodynamic theories. Treatment
options vary from simple education and reassurance to medication and
specific behavioural approaches. Consideration should be given to past trauma
associated with the phobia and relevant family factors. Careful clinical assessment
will not only identify the problem but will also help to indicate appropriate treatment
options.
Keywords: Behavioural Therapy Needle Phobia Psychotherapy Trauma Vasovagal Reflex
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Oxlade, R. (2005, April). Neurophysiological observations on the impaired processor: Some things we can learn about PTSD and EMDR from sleep disorders medicine. Presentation at 3rd Annual Conference of the EMDR Association of UK and Ireland, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Medication Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sleep Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. Marcus, S. (2008, Maart). A non-medication natural alternative for the treatment of headaches utilising EMDR. Keynote gepresenteerd op het derde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Goes, D. A. B. (2012, Novembro). O poder da minha prática: Um caso clínico de enurese noturna [The power of my practice: A case study of nocturnal enuresis]. In EMDR na infância. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Júlia é uma menina de seis anos de idade. Sempre foi acompanhada por mim, como pediatra, desde o seu nascimento. Nasceu de parto cesáreo e é a primeira filha. Teve um desenvolvimento psicomotor e físico normal até o momento. Fruto de uma relação estável, os pais da Júlia são relativamente bem estruturados. A mãe tem 38 anos, é professora universitária. O pai tem 40 anos e é também professor universitário. Júlia apresentou enxaqueca infantil entre dois e três anos, que melhorou com medicação homeopática. Tem uma irmãzinha de um ano e meio. A queixa atual é de que não consegue controlar o xixi de noite, e acorda sempre molhada. Já foram feitas várias tentativas para melhorar isso. Diminuir a água da noite, por a Júlia no vaso antes de ir dormir, acordar com despertador, usar remédio homeopático, usar remédio alopático, mas nada dá resultado. Júlia acorda sempre molhada. Após quatro sessões, a partir de jogos, as cartas de bons e maus pensamentos, brincadeiras com as com as tabelas de Suds e de Voc, leitura do livro “Um dia Ruim”, os ajudantes de EMDR (Eva, Maravilha, Dudu e Requinho), entre outros recursos, Júliabv passou a semana inteira acordando sequinha, e nunca mais fez xix na cama.
English
Portuguese
Galician
Julia is a girl of six years old. Where was accompanied by me, as a pediatrician, since birth. He was born by cesarean section, and is the first child. Had a normal physical and psychomotor development so far. The result of a stable relationship, Julia's parents are relatively well structured. The mother is 38 years old, is a university professor. The father is 40 years old and is also a university professor. Julia had migraine child between two and three years, which improved with homeopathic medication. It has a little sister a year and a half. The current complaint is that you can not control the pee at night and always wake up wet. Various attempts have been made to improve this. Lowering the water at night, by Julia in the vase before going to sleep, waking up alarm, use homeopathic medicine, allopathic medicine use, but nothing has worked. Julia always wake up wet. After four sessions, from games, letters of good and bad thoughts, jokes with with tables and Suds You, reading the book "A Day Poor," the helpers of EMDR (Eva, Wonder, and Dudu Requinho ), among other features, Júliabv spent the whole week waking sequinha, and never did in bed xix
Keywords: Clinical Case Enuresis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Wilkinson, D. S. (2008, March). On PTSD. Monitor on Psychology, 39(3), 4, 8.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
It was disappointing that
the Institute of Medicine (IoM) panel
findings gave so links coverage to Eye
Movement Desensirizacion and
Reprocessing (EMDR). As a clinician
in private practice who has treated
active-duty military personnel, the clear
advantage that EMDR has over the other treatments for PTSD is how quickly it
works and that it is less painful for the
client. Exposure therapy can be excruciating
for the client and has a high drop-out
rate as a result. Medication for PTSD
only treats the symptoms.
Keywords: Letter
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Marcus, S. V. (2008). Phase 1 of integrated EMDR: An abortive treatment for migraine headaches. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 15-25. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.15.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Forty-three individuals diagnosed with classic or common migraine headache were randomly assigned
to either phase 1 of integrated eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or a
standard care medication treatment. Integrated EMDR combines diaphragmatic breathing, cranial
compression, and EMDR for abortive migraine treatment. The comparison standard care medication
group received various abortive medications, including Demerol, DHE, oral triptans, Excedrin, Fiorinal, Percocet, Toradol, and Vicodin. Participants were treated during mid- to late-stage acute migraine and assessed by an independent evaluator at pretreatment, posttreatment, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days for migraine pain level. Both standard care medication and integrated EMDR treatment groups
demonstrated reduced migraine pain levels immediately at posttreatment, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days. However, integrated EMDR treatment reduced or eliminated migraine pain with greater rapidity and showed signifi cantly greater improvement compared to standard care medication immediately posttreatment. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Headache Treatment Medication Migraine Headache
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. Kim, D., Choi, J., Kim, S. H., Oh, D. H., Park, S.C., Lee, S. H. (2010, May). A pilot study of brief eye movement desensitization and reprossessing (EMDR) for treatment of acute phase schizophrenia. Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 17(2), 94-102.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objectives: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing(EMDR) is a novel, time-limited psychotherapy originally developed for treatment of psychological trauma. The effectiveness of this therapy has been validated only for posttraumatic stress disorder; however, EMDR is often applied to other psychiatric illnesses, including other anxiety disorders and depression. This pilot study tested the efficacy of EMDR added to the routine treatment for individuals with acute stage schizophrenia. Methods: This study was conducted in the acute psychiatric care unit of a university-affiliated training hospital. Inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either three sessions of EMDR, three sessions of progressive muscle relaxation(PMR) therapy, or only treatment as usual(TAU). All the participants received concurrent typical treatments(TAU), including psychotropic medication, individual supportive psychotherapy and group activities in the psychiatric ward. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were administered by a clinical psychologist who was blinded to the patients' group assignment. Results: Forty-five patients enrolled and forty patients(89%) completed the post-treatment evaluation. There were no between-group differences in the withdrawal rates of patients during the treatment or at the three-month follow-up session. All three groups improved significantly across each of the symptomatic domains including schizophrenia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. However, a repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences among the groups over time. Effect size for change in total PANSS scores was also similar across treatment conditions, but effect size for negative symptoms was large for EMDR(0.60 for EMDR, 0.39 for PMR and 0.21 for TAU only). Conclusion: These findings supported the use of EMDR in treating the acute stage of schizophrenia but the results failed to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment over the two control conditions in three sessions. Further studies with longer courses of treatment, more focused target dimensions of treatment, and a sample of outpatients are necessary.
Keywords: Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Alley, A., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., & van der Kolk, B. A. (2005, November). Pretreatment attrition in a PTSD comparative treatment outcome study. Poster presented at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, ON.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment attrition represents a considerable problem for effective delivery
of care for PTSD. While treatment attrition during the course of treatment is
well researched, little is known about the factors that affect sample selection
before the beginning of a study. Previous research on other Axis I disorders
indicates that patients may refuse participation more often because of study
medication than because of psychosocial treatment. The present study
examines traits and predictors of pretreatment attrition from a study of PTSD
that compared treatment outcomes for fluoxetine versus EMDR. Potential
study participants were screened over the telephone for study eligibility.
During the telephone screen, a total of 394 people met study eligibility
requirements but declined participation (59% of total eligible participants).
While a variety of factors were cited for declining study participation, consistent
with previous research, refusal of study medication emerged as the pre-dominant reason for pretreatment attrition (49%). Results are discussed in
terms of how treatment preferences and other pretreatment attrition factors
may impact the external validity of comparative treatment outcome studies.
Clinical implications discussed include the potential for pretreatment attrition
factors to interfere with trauma survivors’ ability to seek and obtain effective
treatment
Keywords: Comparative Treatment Outcome Study Poster Pretreatment Attrition Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Monticelli, M. L. (2008, Novembre). Psicoterapia cognitivo costruttivista e EMDR integrati: verso un’evoluzione mente-corpo consapevole e collettiva [Cognitive constructivist EMDR integrated into development mind-body awareness and collective]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
I limiti mentali autoimposti acquisiti da copioni familiari reiterati in età evolutiva e da modelli operativi interiori acquisiti dalle autorità societarie attraverso mezzi di comunicazione di massa e regole educativo-lavorative, inducono percentuali sempre più rilevanti della popolazione europea alla vulnerabilità psicopatologica. L’esordio delle sintomatologie psichiche e somatiche di varia entità, avviene già in fasi precoci, nella primissima infanzia e spesso già nelle fasi prenatali, e il limite di età tende percentualmente a essere sempre più sensibile fin dal primo mese di vita. In età scolare si manifestano situazioni comportamentali quali il cosiddetto “bullismo” e fenomeni con campionature rilevanti di sindromi ipercinetiche con deficit attentivo e disturbi del-l’apprendimento. In adolescenza il contesto si complica e gli attacchi di panico, le sindromi depressive e i disturbi alimentari psicogeni dilagano, fino all’esordio di disturbi post-traumatici da stress che si incrementano in seguito alle difficili scelte di orientamento universitario o lavorativo. La vulnerabilità dell’età adulta si manifesta con disturbi somatoformi di diversa natura, disturbi psicocardiologici, sindromi ansioso-depressive, attacchi di panico, disturbi di coppia e relazionali, per citare i più frequenti e limitandomi solo ad accennare l’esistenza della molteplicità di disturbi iatrogeni. In tali soggetti, la consapevolezza di essere indotti in stati di shock che incrementano molteplici disturbi somatoformi e psicopatologici è praticamente assente. Essi, come pazienti, si rivolgono agli specialisti in ambito sanitario con la convinzione, spesso indotta da propagande dei mass-media, che tutto sia solo genetico, e vada "curato" con farmaci per lunghi periodi se non per tutta la vita. Anche da parte degli operatori sanitari vi sono ampie aree di inadeguatezza metodologica: ad esempio, la gravidanza viene gestita come fosse una malattia, riducendo la donna partoriente a una paziente alla quale troppo facilmente si “consiglia” il parto cesareo (statisticamente tra i più frequenti in Italia!) come metodo “veloce e sicuro” di parto, togliendo la competenza materna dell’imprinting alla nascita del bambino con le conseguenze psicologiche che ne derivano per la relazione madre-bambino e per la crescita serena di quest’ultimo, e, sempre a titolo esemplificativo, ignorano quasi del tutto gli aspetti di psicocardiologia, e il loro intervento si riduce a esami medici invasivi e a somministrazione di farmaci. Eppure, la psicoterapia cognitiva costruttivista, e specificamente modelli teorici e tecniche strategiche specialistiche note come EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), l’utilizzo di biofeedback, l’innovativo training emotivo-cognitivo-comportamentale da me ideato nelle due versioni per la psicoterapia e per i gruppi in formazione che incrementa il riconoscimento emotivo e l’implementazione di immagini mentali idonee a modificare cognizioni e comportamenti irrazionali, quando eticamente e competentemente applicati, fanno molto per questi pazienti, sia in quanto si incrementa sensibilmente il livello della loro consapevolezza e della loro capacità di farsi protagonisti nel-l'evoluzione positiva della loro “guarigione”, sia in quanto si può intervenire in modo mirato con sperimentati protocolli per la risoluzione dello stato di trauma psichico in tempi ragionevolmente rapidi e con risultati attendibili e verificabili. Passando dalla dimensione individuale a quella collettiva, ossia alla psicopatologia collettiva cagionata dall’esposizione (anche solo mediatica) ad eventi catastrofici o angoscianti (magari associati a senso di impotenza, insicurezza, precarietà) o a diversi tipi di stress e vulnerabilità, possiamo aggiungere che, analogamente, mediante un lavoro su sistemi di neuroni specchio e sull'attivazione di nuove connessioni di reti neurali con un modello operativo non invasivo, si potrebbe migliorare la condizione di intere popolazioni rispetto a disturbi che, oggettivamente, sono in continua diffusione.
Sarebbe opportuno iniziare una sensibilizzazione collettiva partendo dalla formazione per livelli differenziati degli operatori educativi e sanitari, per poi estenderla alla popolazione suddividendola
per fasce di età e per territori di appartenenza; purtroppo la consapevolezza non è tra le aspettative primarie di committenti rivolti solo al profitto economico.
In un contesto storico-culturale dove l’etica, le relazioni umane, la cooperazione sembrano utopiche fiabe, questa è la sfida di essere una perturbatrice emotivamente orientata ad amplificare la consapevolezza attraverso un nuovo modello psicoterapeutico e formativo integrato, al quale sto lavorando da alcuni anni con risultati incoraggianti e che sarà mia premura esporre dettagliatamente durante il Congresso EMDR 2008.
The self-imposed mental limitations acquired from family scripts repeated age and developmental models inner acquired by the company operating through means of mass communication and
educational and working rules, induce percentage increasing as the population of Europe vulnerability to psychopathology. The onset of symptoms of various psychological and somatic
entity, is already in the early stages, in early childhood and often known during prenatal and age limit percentage tends to be more sensitive since the first month of life. Age
school behavioral situations occur where the so-called "bullying" and phenomena samples relevant syndromes of attention-deficit and hyperactive disorder - learning. In adolescence the context is complicated and panic attacks, the syndromes psychogenic depression and eating disorders are rampant, until onset of post-traumatic disorders stress which increases as a result of difficult choices of university or business orientation. The vulnerability of adulthood is manifested by different types of somatoform disorders, disorders psycho, anxious-depressive syndrome, panic attacks, disorders of torque and relational to cite the most frequent is limited only to mention the existence of multiplicity of disorders iatrogenic. In these subjects, conscious of being led into a state of shock that increase multiple somatoform disorders and psychopathology is virtually absent. They, like patients, addressed to specialists in the health field with the belief, often driven by propaganda media, that everything is just genetic, and must be "cured" with drugs for long periods if not for life. Including by health workers there are large areas of inadequacy
methodological: for example, pregnancy is managed as if it were a disease, reducing the woman in labor to a patient which too easily "advise" Caesarean (statistically the most frequent in Italy!) as a method of "fast and safe childbirth, removing the competence of imprinting the birth mother of the child with the psychological consequences that entailed for the mother-child and to the peaceful growth of the latter, and, also example, know little about the aspects of psycho, and their intervention reduces to invasive medical examinations and medication. Yet, cognitive psychotherapy
constructivist theoretical models and specific strategic and technical specialists known as EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), the use of biofeedback, the innovative
emotional-cognitive-behavioral training which I designed in two versions for psychotherapy and groups in training that increases the emotional recognition and implementation of
mental images likely to change, knowledge and irrational behavior, when ethically and competently applied, do a lot for these patients, both because it increases
significantly the level of their awareness and their ability to get players in - the positive development of their "healing", both as it can intervene in a targeted manner with
tested protocols for the resolution of the state of psychic trauma in the reasonably rapid and reliable and verifiable results. Moving from individual dimension to that
collective, that is caused by exposure to psychopathology group (even the media) to distressing or catastrophic event (perhaps associated with the sense of powerlessness, insecurity, instability) or
different types of stress and vulnerability, we can add that, similarly, through a work on systems of mirror neurons and activation of new connections of neural networks with a model
operating non-invasive, it could improve the condition of entire populations than disorders that, objectively, are in constant circulation. It would be appropriate to start a collective awareness levels, starting from training differential operators' education and health, then extend it to the population divides
by age and territories belonging unfortunately the awareness is not between the expectations primary principals addressed only in profit or loss. In a historical-cultural context where ethics, human relations, cooperation seem utopian fairy tales, this is the challenge of being an emotionally disturbing oriented to amplify the awareness through a new model of psychotherapy and integrated training, which I working for several years with encouraging results and that will spell out my readiness EMDR 2008 during the Congress.
Keywords: Mind-Body Awareness Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Mevissen, L., & de Jongh, A. (2010). PTSD and its treatment in people with intellectual disabilities: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychological Review, 30(3), 308-316. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.12.005.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Although there is evidence to suggest that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are likely to suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), reviews of the evidence base, and the potential consequences of this contention are absent. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive account of the literature on prevalence, assessment, and treatment of PTSD in people with ID. Some support was found for the notion that people with ID have a predisposition to the development of PTSD. Differences in comparison with the general population may consist of the expression of symptoms, and the interpretation of distressing experiences, as the manifestation of possible PTSD seems to vary with the level of ID. Since reliable and valid instruments for assessing PTSD in this population are completely lacking, there are no prevalence data on PTSD among people with ID. Nine articles involve treatment of PTSD in people with ID. Interventions reported involve those aimed to establish environmental change, the use of medication and psychological treatments (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy, EMDR and psychodynamic based treatments). Case reports suggest positive treatment effects for various treatment methods. Development of diagnostic instruments for assessment of PTSD symptomatology in this population is required, as it could facilitate further research on its prevalence and treatment. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Assessment Intellectual disability (ID) Learning Disabilities Mental retardation (MR) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Prevalence Psychological trauma Trauma treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. St-André, E. (2007, June). PTSD secondary to Fournier's grangrene: 1-Comparison of two eye modalities, 2-Legal and ethical issues. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
G. G., a man in his mid 30s was brought to medico-legal service to assess fitness to stand trial, and criminal responsibility, after a brief appearance in court: He was charged with death threats.
G. G. was quite angry about his situation, and argumentative against health and justice systems. Physically, he was short stature, extremely lean, his body was leaning forward.
He was living alone, has a girl of thirteen, which he saw once in a while.
He was not working for few years, after two major events; he lost his garage after a huge fire (from which he escaped alive and safe), and was few months earlier, found almost dead by a neighbor. Brought to the hospital, he had more than ten surgeries in a few days, to lance many wound, as he as suffering of Fournier’s disease. He was left with his body leaning forward about 45 degrees, 4 cm thick scar around his abdomen, a severely deformed genitalia, and chronic pain. Another surgery was performed later which permitted the man to be less leaned forward.
Before those events, he wasn’t known from psychiatry. He had a life that he considered, “okay,” even though he was separated. He has his own garage, a social life. He admitted some alcohol and drugs use in the past. After the illness and the fire, he was seen more often in psychiatry. Specialists concluded from time to time to chronic adjustment disorder, and drug addiction, and oriented him to resources for his problem. No follow-up in psychiatry.
G. G. was so much in pain that he took cocaine repeatedly for few minutes’ relief.
With this story and symptoms description, severe PTSD diagnosis was made and treatment initiated accordingly, with introduction of ISRS, and later, seroquel, to decrease dissociative episode he was still experimenting. With informed consent, we had three sessions of EMI, which helped him in various ways; The nightmares decreased of 50%, after the first treatment, he was less angry and afraid of hospital and care, and was more in control of dissociative episodes. Sleep improved, so did his mood. He was eve able to go for correction of his deformed genitalia. Even though still on medication, he felt that the therapy helped him much to recover. After his discharge and end of court process, he was able to go back home. We were at the time unable to do more treatments, as he was involved in his physical rehabilitation. He had at least 2 other reconstructive surgeries.
This case allows discussion about similarities, pros and cons of EMI and EMDR, in their theories and practice. More importantly, this case raises important ethical and legal questions about adequate diagnosis and treatment of PTSF which include powerful tools as EMDR. This tool is yet relatively unknown from general population, and available mainly (in Quebec, Canada) through private facilities. From ethical standpoint, it should be more readily available – without fees – in public services.
Keywords: Case Report Ethical Issues Fournier's Gangrene Legal Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Taylor, R. J. (1998, December). Sharing Space I: Reduction of anxiety and pain in labor and delivery using an EMDR model: A single case study. Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health, 13(2), 149-153.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A single case study in the treatment of anxiety and pain associated with labor and childbirth using an Eye Movement Desensitization model in 5 sessions. The client ultimately delivered a baby via Cesarean Section with a spinal block, but reported that the therapeutic procedure aided in reduction of medication and anxiety during the experience. In the debriefing session, she reported that the process allowed her to maintain a sense of calm and control.
Keywords: Anxiety Management Birth Childbirth Childbirth Training Labor Labor (Childbirth) Pain Management Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation Treatment Efficacy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Marcus, S., Marquis, P., & Sakai, C. (2004, August). Three- and 6-month follow-up of EMDR treatment of PTSD in an HMO setting. International Journal of Stress Management, 11(3), 195-208. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.11.3.195 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment was found to maintain superiority to newly initiated standard Kaiser Care, which consisted of individual therapy plus variations of medication and group therapy. A 3- and 6-month follow-up of individuals randomly assigned to either EMDR treatment or standard care (SC) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicates that significantly greater improvements found with EMDR at posttreatment in an earlier article (S. Marcus, P. Marquis, & C. Sakai, 1997) were maintained on measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and general symptoms. Of the original 67 participants in this large HMO study, 44 were assessed at 3-month follow-up and 36 were assessed at 6-month follow-up by an independent assessor. The study indicates that a relatively small number of EMDR treatment sessions result in substantial benefits that are maintained over time.
Keywords: Empirical Study Follow-up Study HMO Managed Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Samardzic, D. (2010, August). Trauma and the body: The somatic experience in psychotherapy. John F. Kennedy University, Pleasant Hill, CA.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
According to recent neuroscience research, psychological trauma disrupts homeostasis
and can negatively affect various organs and biological systems (Solomon & Heide,
2005). Somatic therapy addresses the physiological elements of the trauma by focusing
on the body, which, in turn, helps individuals cognitively and emotionally process trauma
(Ogden & Minton, 2000; Levine, 1997). This qualitative study aimed to explore the
experience of 5 participants who underwent ongoing somatic therapy in the treatment of
symptoms associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The results revealed
twelve common essential elements among all the participants that illustrated their
experience prior to and during the somatic therapeutic process. Some of the elements
identified included: presence of severe trauma history of emotional, physical, and/or
sexual abuse; failure to treat PTSD symptoms prior to somatic therapy; manifestation of
PTSD in physical symptoms and/or illness; increasing awareness of body allowed access
to trauma; newfound knowledge and tools gained in helping to manage triggers; and
gaining a sense of physical and psychological freedom. Three additional essential
elements were found that were not shared by all or most of the participants, which included: EMDR as unsuccessful in treating PTSD symptoms; healing through artistic
expression; and ineffectiveness of psychotropic medication in the treatment of PTSD. A
process was identified in which a non-verbal bodily experience became a verbal,
intellectual, or cognitive experience. In addition, seven characteristics were identified
within the transformative process of improving PTSD symptoms occurring during the
somatic therapy. According to the participants’ reports, somatic therapy not only
decreased their PTSD symptoms, but the process had a significant positive impact on the
quality of their lives. This study’s findings highlight the potential of somatic therapy to
help those dealing with the effects of psychological trauma.
Keywords: Body Biological Systems Somatic Therapy Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. Urtz, A. (2010, June). Trauma treatment via EMDR after heart attack. A psychologist´s report from a rehabilitation hospital for heart and cardiovascular diseases. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Incidence of heart disease: 43 % of all death cases are
caused by heart disease. In total this means 32,294 persons a
year in Austria.
Stationary treatment receiving 314,010 patients, with an average
term of hospitalization of 8 days (Statistics Austria 2008). For Germany the total figures are around 10 times higher. This
is the largest single patient group.
11.25% of the heart disease patients get PTSD, adjustment
disorder or other reactions to severe stress (Titscher. 2008).
Only for Austria a minimum of 35.000 patients could benefit
from a trauma treatment like EMDR. For Germany the
figure rises up to 350,000 patients a year who could benefit
from EMDR. To physicians the problem is well known, but
the only treatment they can offer is medication or further diagnostics
like angiography which doesn't cure the problem.
Despite the high number of traumatized heart patients, there are
only publications about trauma as a risk factor for heart disease.
There are a few publications about heart disease causing trauma,
but there are nearly no publications about treating trauma
caused by heart disease.
Typical symptoms for trauma after heart attack: Feeling of
tightness or pressure on the chest, tightness in the throat, with
difficulties in breathing. Ascending feeling of heat from the
stomach, trembling, weeping, fear and panic. Flashbacks of the
heart attack, with symptoms looking similar to angina pectoris.
Reduced stress tolerance by getting easily angry or depressed.
Useful questions for differential diagnostics between organic
and mental symptoms: What are the symptoms? How long do
they last? Were there any symptoms prior to the heart disease?
Which symptoms were present during the heart attack? Is it
distressing to remember the heart attack? How distressing on a
SUD-scale 0 to 10.
What are the medical findings? Two specifics:
1. Mainly I use the butterfly hug or tapping on the chest for
processing. This form of tapping is easy applicable and the patients
like it.
2. Weaving in Positive Cognitions (PCs) during the processing,
makes the processing less stressful, I offer PCs during the
processing and look if they help to reduce the stress.
Useful PCs: I survived. I am still alive. I am through. It is a long
time ago. i have trust in my body and my heart. If that doesn't
work: Even when my trust in my heart is shattered, I love and accept
myself. I am grateful. I live as long as I may I am confident.
Usually I use them in that succession with some adoptions according
to the process.
What is special about my presentation.
1. Hear about a large group of patients who can benefit from
EMDR.
2. Mostly heart disease are to consider as mono-traumatic. With
some specific knowledge and experience they are not difficult
to treat.
3. Notice the advantage of bipolar tapping on the chest.
4. Understand the advantage of weaving in PCs during the
processing.
5. The big question is: How to install EMDR in the rehabilitation
system?
Keywords: Heart Attack Medical Issues Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. van den Berg, D. P. G., van der Vleugel, B., & Staring, A. (2010, December). Trauma, psychose, PTSS en de toepassing van EMDR [Trauma, psychosis, PTSD and the use of EMDR]. Directieve Therapie, 30(4), 303-328. doi:10.1007/s12433-010-0242-9.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In dit artikel beschrijven wij drie interacties tussen trauma, psychose en PTSS:
1. Veel patiënten met psychosen hebben in hun leven traumatiserende ervaringen
meegemaakt. Deze traumata spelen vaak een belangrijke rol in hun psychosen en in het
ontstaan hiervan.
2. Het meemaken van een psychose en de psychiatrische behandeling zijn voor veel
patiënten levensechte en traumatische ervaringen, die kunnen leiden tot posttraumatische
stressklachten.
3. Vaak komen psychosen en een posttraumatische stressstoornis gezamenlijk voor, waarbij
er sprake is van negatieve wederzijdse beïnvloeding en voortgaande traumatisering.
Deze drie interacties hebben een hoge klinische relevantie. Er is in de praktijk van de zorg voor
patiënten met psychosen echter weinig aandacht voor traumatisering en comorbide PTSS.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een behandelmethode die
effectief is bij de behandeling van traumata en PTSS. Wij beschrijven per genoemde interactie een
behandeling waarbij EMDR is ingezet. Daarna bespreken wij een aantal factoren die een EMDRbehandeling
bij patiënten met psychosen kunnen bemoeilijken, zoals doorlopende traumatisering
door psychotische klachten, cognitieve beperkingen, moeite met oogbewegingen, belemmeringen
door antipsychotische medicatie en verminderde affectieve expressie. Wij sluiten het artikel af met
het advies om in de zorg voor mensen met psychosen aandacht te hebben voor trauma en
comorbide PTSS, en patiënten hier ook voor te behandelen.
In this article we describe three interactions between trauma, psychosis and PTSD:
1. Many patients suffering from psychosis have been traumatized. This trauma often plays
an important role in their psychosis and the onset thereof.
2. Having a psychosis and being treated in a psychiatric hospital are traumatic experiences
for a lot of patients, and can lead to posttraumatic stress symptoms; and
3. Often psychoses and post-traumatic stress disorder occur jointly, reciprocally influencing
one another and leading to ongoing traumatization.
These interactions have a great clinical relevance. In the practice of care for patients with
psychosis however there is little attention for traumatization and co-morbid PTSD. EMDR is a
treatment approach that is effective in treating traumas and PTSD. Per interaction mentioned
above we describe a treatment in which EMDR was used. After this we discuss certain factors that
may complicate an EMDR treatment in patients with psychosis, such as ongoing traumatization by
psychotic symptoms, cognitive impairments, difficulty with eye movements, barriers due to antipsychotic
medication, and diminished emotional expression.
We end the article with the advise to be aware of the high prevalence of trauma and co-morbid
PTSD in the care for patients with psychosis and to treat patients for these complaints.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychosis PTSD Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Forbes, D., Creamer, M. C., Phelps, A. J., Couineau, A. L., Cooper, J. A., Bryant, R. A., McFarlane, A. C., Devilly, G. J., Matthews, L. R., & Raphael, B. (2007, July). Treating adults with acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in general practice: A clinical update. Medical Journal of Australia, 187(2), 120-123.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
General practitioners have an important role to play in helping patients after exposure to severe psychological trauma. In the immediate aftermath of trauma, GPs should offer "psychological first aid", which includes monitoring of the patient's mental state, providing general emotional support and information, and encouraging the active use of social support networks, and self-care strategies. Drug treatments should be avoided as a preventive intervention after traumatic exposure; they may be used cautiously in cases of extreme distress that persists. Adults with acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should be provided with trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) in addition to in-vivo exposure (confronting avoided situations, people or places in a graded and systematic manner) may also be provided for PTSD. Drug treatments should not normally replace trauma-focused psychological therapy as a first-line treatment for adults with PTSD. If medication is considered for treating PTSD in adults, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants are the first choice. Other new generation antidepressants and older tricyclic antidepressants should be considered as second-line pharmacological options. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors may be considered by mental health specialists for use in people with treatment-resistant symptoms.
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Anti-Depressants ASD MAO Inhibitors Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD SSRIs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Rijkes, A. (2012, June). Treating headaches / migraines with IEMDR - Integrated EMDR [Tratamiento de dolores de cabeza/migrañas con IEMDR-‐EMDR integrado]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Headaches
are
a
worldwide
problem.
Around
10-‐15%
of
all
human
beings
are
more
or
less
frequently
suffering
from
headaches.
And
women
are
suffering
from
migraine
almost
3
times
more
than
men.
In
the
long
run
the
majority
of
all
medication
doesn’t
provide
a
solution
for
headaches.
Besides
they
all
have
side
effects
which
include
inducing
(!)
headaches.
Headaches
not
only
cause
personal
suffering
they
also
have
big
consequences
for
society.
Due
to
headaches
there
is
an
enormous
loss
of
productivity.
In
2011
the
WHO
asked
attention
to
the
need
for
new
treatments.
Integrated
EMDR
(I-‐EMDR)
is
a
relatively
new
method
for
treating
headaches
and
migraine.
There
is
some
research
and
the
results
are
promising.
After
a
more
theoretical
introduction
in
headaches
you
are
introduced
to
basic
aspects
of
I-‐EMDR.
You
will
get
an
impression
of
the
method,
procedure
and
effectiveness
of
this
treatment.
This
will
be
illustrated
with
some
video
demonstrations.
In
The
Netherlands
employers,
reintegration
doctors
and
occupational
physicians
are
interested
in
this
form
of
treatment
for
headaches
of
their
employees.
I-‐EMDR
has
two
applications;
one
for
the
treatment
of
acute
headache,
and
one
that
focuses
on
preventing
headaches
in
the
future.
You
will
also
get
some
information
of
a
Special
Interest
Group
on
EMDR
and
Headaches.
Las
cefaleas
suponen
un
problema
a
nivel
mundial.
Alrededor
del
10-‐
15%
de
todas
las
personas
sufren
cefaleas
con
mayor
o
menor
frecuencia.
Las
mujeres
sufren
de
migrañas
casi
tres
veces
más
que
los
hombres.
A
largo
plazo,
la
mayoría
de
los
fármacos
dejan
sin
solucionar
el
problema
de
los
dolores
de
cabeza.
Es
más,
tienen
efectos
secundarios
que
incluyen
(!)
cefaleas.
Los
dolores
de
cabeza
no
solo
son
fuente
de
sufrimiento
personal,
sino
que
también
tienen
consecuencias
importantes
para
la
sociedad.
Las
cefaleas
conllevan
una
tremenda
pérdida
de
productividad.
En
el
año
2011,
la
OMS
pidió
que
se
prestara
atención
a
la
necesidad
de
nuevos
tratamientos.
EMDR
integral
(I-‐EMDR)
es
un
método
relativamente
nuevo
para
el
tratamiento
de
cefaleas
y
migrañas.
Hay
investigaciones
en
curso
y
los
resultados
son
prometedores.
Tras
una
introducción
más
teórica
a
las
cefaleas,
se
les
introduce
a
los
participantes
a
los
aspectos
básicos
de
I-‐EMDR.
Se
les
dará
una
impresión
del
método,
procedimiento
y
efectividad
de
este
tratamiento.
Esto
se
verá
ilustrado
con
grabaciones
en
vídeo.
En
los
Países
Bajos,
los
empleadores,
médicos
de
reintegración
y
clínicos
ocupacionales
tienen
interés
en
esta
forma
de
tratamiento
para
los
dolores
de
cabeza
de
sus
empleados.
I-‐EMDR
tiene
dos
aplicaciones.
Una
es
para
el
tratamiento
de
la
cefalea
aguda
y
una
que
se
centra
en
la
prevención
de
las
mismas
en
el
futuro.
También
se
dará
información
acerca
de
un
Grupo
de
interés
especial
en
EMDR
y
cefaleas.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. Marcus, S. (2007, June). Treating headaches with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Headaches are the most common pain-related complaint and the seventh leading ailment seen in medical practice. Yearly, over 35% of the population is affected by tension-type headaches. Migraine headaches are a common condition with one-year prevalence rates around 15%. Prevalence rates generally peak in the third and fourth decades but for many migraines become a chronic condition requiring a lifetime of treatment.
Migraine sufferers are frequently disabled during their acute attacks. A 2001 study found that 90% of migraineurs reported functional impairment. 53% required bed rest and nearly 30% missed 1 day of work or school within a 3-month period. Migraine in the USA results in 112 million bedridden days per year. The cost of the migraine to the total American work force is estimated at $13 billion per year in missed work days and lost productivity. Direct medical costs (i.e., MD office visits, prescription medication claims, and hospitalizations) for migraine care average $1 billion annually. Clouse & Osterhaus (1994) found that migraineurs generate twice the medical claims and two times the pharmacy claims in HMO’s when compared to patients without migraines.
Considering the sheet number of individuals afflicted with migraine and tension headaches, the societal impact with increased medical costs, lost work days, and reduced productivity represent a major public health concern.
The pharmacologic therapies have long been the most common and widely used method of treating headaches. Unfortunately, pharmacologic treatments are ineffective or inadequate for a sizeable number of patients. One third of patients participating in clinical trials with oral triptans fail to respond. Moreover, fewer than half become pain-free, which is the primary efficacy measure recommended by the International Headache Society. Reasons for considering an EMDR treatment for migraine and tension headaches are patient preferences for non-pharmacologic interventions, pregnancy, planned pregnancy or nursing, deficient stress coping skills, medication rebound, patient overuse of medications, medical contraindications, and poor medication tolerance.
In view of the state of the art of current headache treatment an EMDR approach that can eliminate severe headache pain in less time than an oral medication (20 to 30 min) and within 5 to 10 sessions may reduce frequency, duration and intensity of future headaches could result in a decrease in medication utilization, physician visits and overall medical costs, with an improvement in patient satisfaction. This would be a welcome addition to current headache treatments.
This workshop will employ lecture, demonstration and actual practice of an integrated EMDR approach. The purpose of this teaching strategy is to prepare you for clinical practice. Objectives include understanding headache etiology, headache trigger identification, threshold theory, training in the EMDR protocol used in Dr. Marcus’s migraine research, discussion of protocol utilization in clinical practice, informed consent, transference issues, and discussion of the role of provider when deploying this approach. This workshop is for advanced EMDR practitioners but previous experience in headache treatment is not required.
Keywords: Headaches Health Problems Illness Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. Marcus, S. (2011, August). Treating insomnia with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
An estimated 15% of Americans suffer from chronic insomnia and over 30% with occasional insomnia. Since many people with insomnia consult their MD, the preponderance of insomnia treatment has become a pharmaceutical approach. With the advent of direct consumer advertising from the pharmaceutical corporations commencing in 2000, sleeping pill sales have soared in the USA. Though some patient’s benefit from short-term use of sleep medication, research over the past 15-20 years suggests that behavioral interventions are superior for the long-term treatment of insomnia.
Keywords: Insomnia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Lawson, C. A. (2004). Treating the borderline mother: Integrating EMDR with a family systems perspective. In M. M. McFarlane (Ed.), Family treatment of personality disorders: Advances in clinical practice (pp. 305-334). New York: Haworth Clinical Practice Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Describes the features borderline personality disorders (BPD) in mothers and the impact it can have the family, then describes the treatment model, which combines Bowen's family systems theory with eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR). Following illustrative case material, the author discusses the treatment model's strengths and limitations, benefits for the family, indications and contraindications, management of transference issues, management of crises and acting-out behavior, integration with psychiatric services and the role of medication, and cultural and gender issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder Bowen's Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Mothers Treatment Model
Accuracy Verified: Yes
85. Klaff, F. R. (1995, June). Treatment of children's fears with EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Through case material, the usefullness of EMDR is illustrated for the treatment of children's fears and phobias. The issue of
integrating EMDR treatment with more traditional treatment is also addressed, especially with more complex contextual problems.
Three case histories are presented with emphasis on the most complicated case. Family therapy treatment espouses the notion that
psychopathology in the child results from dysfunctional family functioning, and as such the entire family system has to be treated.
This concept is broadened with the use of EMDR.
The first case illustrates a single trauma event in which a 6 year old boy was bitten by a rottweiler. Presenting symptoms were
nightmares, fear of sleeping alone, poor school performance, persistent thoughts and fear of dogs. The first session of EMDR was
successful in eliminating most of these fears. A second EMDR session focusing on a nightmare was also successful. Two follow
up sessions with the family dealt with other parenting issues and the possibility of attention deficit disorder. The targeted problem
was eliminated via EMDR.
The second case demonstrates a successful one session treatment of an otherwise healthy 6 year old girl who had fears of the dark
and had slept in her parent's bed for years.
In the third case, a complex symptomatology is presented of a nine year old girl (Lily) with a severe, life threatening heart condition
for which she has undergone 4 delicate aortal surgeries since age 2 and is on a medication maintenance regimen. Future surgery is
anticipated during adolescence. Family history is significant for mother's struggle to overcome alcohol addiction, depression and
past abuse. The family has financial pressures. Family system analysis reveals over involvement between mother and daughter,
peripheral father and sibling rivalry (daughter 11). Family treatment involved boundary and limit setting, hierarchical restructuring
and family communication skills. The illness as an organizing factor in the family system was repeatedly addressed.
Interspersed with this treatment approach were EMDR sessions for daughters and mother. Lily had fears of separation fiom mother,
fears of dying, choking, becoming ill, swimming, going to bed, and fears of the devil (as learned in their fundamentalist religion) as
well as several other fears. EMDR sessions targeted these fears, and sometimes several fears were intertwined, such as fear of
sleeping, the devil coming into her room and taking her away to die. Cognitive interweave was used when she appeared stuck.
Through the EMDR treatments, Lily was able to deeply examine her fears, based on the real life uncertainties she faced. Her
progress demonstrated a particularly poignant attempt to make sense of the meaning of life and cope with the threat of death.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
86. Brisch, K. H. (2005, June). Treatment with EMDR of a boy with generalized tic disorder. In EMDR and children. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The treatment with EMDR of a boy with generalized tic disorder is
demonstrated with video material. This boy who had heart surgery at age 4
developed a generalized acute tic disorder at age 11 after an episode of
reanimation as a result of an instrument error that occurred during ECG
monitoring. This incident was not known to the parents, and neither the boy
nor the hospital staff reported on this. Within a few weeks the boy was
completely disabled not able to walk and to speak properly anymore. He
could neither attend school nor participate in leisure amenities with his
friends. After comprehensive diagnostic procedures and unsuccessful
treatment with different types of medication, the tic disorder was diagnosed
as symptomatology of an acute PTSD after traumatic experience of
reanimation with fear of near death.
After EMDR treatment the boy had a complete recovery and could
participate in school and leisure-time activities without any tic symptoms.
The recovery proved to be stable over the follow-up period of one year.
Keywords: Children Symposium Tic Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. Demick, I. (2007, Juin). Utilisation du dispositif tac/audioscan (neurotek) dans la traitement des migraines [Use of the tac/audioscan machine (neurotek) in treatment of migraines]. Document présenté à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Ce qui suit est une procédure expérimentale proposée comme traitement préliminaire pour les patients souffrant de migraines chroniques qui nécessitent de repos total, le retrait de tous active sociale et professionnelle et qui doivent être traités par des médicaments. Cette procédure utilise l'EMDR, l'hypnose et la relaxation et est destiné aux patients souffrant de douleur chronique (symptômes connus et traités depuis cinq à 10 ans).
Les trois composantes de la migraine sont les suivants: MENTALE - expressions de l'impuissance, la solitude, le rejet, l'épuisement physique et psychique, perte de contrôle; émotionnel - la dépression, la colère, la peur, et physique - les sensations physiques, dans des séquences fluctuant évalué entre 6 et 10 sur le échelle de la douleur.
La durée moyenne de ce traitement est de 4 mois pour 6 consultations.
L'objectif du traitement est de rétablir la confiance du patient par l'amélioration physique et bien-être psychologique.
Le principe cliniques: Le patient
douloureux chronique alterne entre le désespoir, la peur de ne jamais trouver un remède (un état mental qui peut être provoquée par l'entourage familial et médical), de la colère contre une histoire personnelle qui peut être amené le syndrome douloureux ( maltraitance parentale ou de l'absence, accident, intervention chirurgicale), l'épuisement physique et l'espoir qu'il ya encore la possibilité d'une guérison. Il est donc important de transmettre un message d'espoir et de la vision d'un traitement qui implique les patients avec son physique, émotionnelle, les ressources psychiques. Explication de la souffrance comme une accumulation de facteurs de stress et le cerveau comme ayant la possibilité de solution, il est proposé au patient de se concentrer sur cette partie du corps qui «parle» dans le phénomène de la douleur. Le patient entend »ou« sent »le mouvement alternatif du Tac / machine Audioscan (Neurotek) tout en étant assuré de la physique et bien-être psychique au cours du traitement.
Le principe neuropsychologiques:
Le patient se concentrer sur la "douloureuse" zone associés sensorielle, psychique souvenirs conscients et inconscients; ces souvenirs traités progressivement par le mouvement de la Tac / machine Audioscan qui fonctionne comme un balayage interne pour éliminer les tensions et à intégrer mental, émotionnel, physique et informations par les chaînes successives.
The following is an experimental procedure proposed as preliminary treatment for patients suffering from chronic migraines which require total rest, withdrawal from all social and professional activates and which must be treated by medication. This procedure used the EMDR, hypnosis and relaxation and is intended for patients suffering from chronic pain (symptoms known and treated since five to 10 years).
The three components of the migraines are: MENTAL – expressions of impotence, loneliness, rejection, physical and psychic exhaustion, loss of control; EMOTIONAL – depression, anger, fear; and PHYSICAL – physical feelings in fluctuating sequences evaluated between 6 and 10 on the pain scale.
The average duration for this treatment is 4 months for 6 consultations.
The objective of the treatment is to restore the patient’s confidence by improving physical and psychological well-being.
The clinical principle:
The chronic painful patient alternates between despair, fear of never finding a cure (a mental state which may be provoked by the family and medical entourage), anger against a personal history which may have cause the painful syndrome (parental maltreatment or absence, accident, surgical operation), physical exhaustion and hope that there is still the possibility for a cure. It is therefore important to transmit a message of hope and the vision of a treatment which involves the patients with his physical, emotional, psychic resources. Explaining the suffering as an accumulation of stressful factors and the brain as having the possibility of solution, it is proposed to the patient to concentrate on that part of the body which 'speaks’ in the phenomenon of pain. The patient ‘hears’ or ‘feels’ the alternative movement of the Tac/Audioscan machine (Neurotek) while being assured of the physical and psychic well-being during the treatment.
The neuropsychological principle:
The patient’s concentration on the “painful zone” associates sensory, psychic conscious and unconscious memories; these memories treated progressively by the movement of the Tac/Audioscan machine which operates like an internal sweeping to eliminate tensions and to integrate mental, emotional, and physical information by successive channels.
Keywords: Medical Illness Migraines
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. Aftergood, D. (2005, February). The value of EMDR. Clinical Psychiatry News, 33(2), 8.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Value of EMDR It is always a pleasure to read about Dr. Robert T. London's approach to psychiatry, which combines not only medication and psychotherapy, but also philosophy and a broad array of psychotherapeutic techniques (“Strategies for Treating PTSD,” The Psychiatrist's Toolbox, December 2004, p. 20). [Elsevier]
Keywords: Letter
Accuracy Verified: Yes
89. Martinez, M. (2001, June 25). Waking from the nightmare. El Paso, TX: El Paso Times, Relationships, 03D.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Many therapies and treatments are used to treat PTSD. Cognitive behavioral therapy, or verbal counseling, combined with medication is the most common. But experts are also using eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing, or EMDR, which was developed in 1987. In it, the patient discuss the traumatic event while the therapist conducts the directional eye movement therapy.
Keywords: El Paso General Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
90. Grant, M. (2002). What is EMDR and how can it help control pain?. OvercomingPain.com.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Prior to EMDR treatment of pain, or any other psychological treatment, the therapist should ensure previous medical investigations and treatments have been completed to the satisfaction of the client. Or that the client is willing to proceed if they haven't, bearing in mind that the pain may be signaling some unknown pathology. Fortunately, EMDR cannot take away pain that is necessary, so there is no danger of the client feeling "too good" following treatment and then doing too much physically and injuring themselves. Medical mismanagement such as inappropriate use of medication, lack of adequate information etc should also be addressed prior to commencing EMDR treatment of pain. [Author]
Keywords: Chronic Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. van Minnen, A., Hendriks, L., & Olff, M. (2010, April). When do trauma experts choose exposure therapy for PTSD patients? A controlled study of therapist and patient factors. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(4), 312-320. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.003.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
To investigate when and why therapists opt for or rule out imaginal exposure (IE) for patients with
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 255 trauma experts were randomized to two conditions in which
they were presented with four cases in which the patients’ comorbidity and treatment preferences were
manipulated. The results confirmed IE to be an underutilized approach, with the majority of professionals
being undertrained in the technique. As predicted, the patient factors influenced the expert’s
choice of therapy: in case of a comorbid depression, IE was significantly less preferred than medication.
Also, IE was significantly more likely to be offered when patients expressed a preference for traumafocused
treatment. The therapist factors were also found to be importantly related to treatment preferences,
with high credibility in the technique being positively related to the therapists’ preference for IE.
Perceived barriers to IE, such as a fear of symptom exacerbation and dropout, were negatively related to
the perceived suitability of the treatment when patients had suffered multiple traumas in childhood. The
results are discussed in the light of clinical implications and the need of exposure training for trauma
professionals.
Keywords: Controlled Study: Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Schnyder, U. (2005, June). Why new psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder?. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 74(4), 199-201. doi:10.1159/000085142.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be regarded as empirically demonstrated. Overall, effect sizes seem to be higher for psychotherapy as compared with medication. Psychotherapy for PTSD includes the following approaches: cognitive-behavioral therapy; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR); psychodynamic therapy; and brief eclectic psychotherapy. Treatment for PTSD should not focus exclusively on specific symptoms such as flashbacks and avoidance, but on basic life changes and existential questions as well, since such issues are of relevance for patients who suffer from chronic PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavior Therapy Eclectic Psychotherapy Editorial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Therapy PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes