Francine Shapiro Library ~ EMDR Bibliography

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1. Tsuchimochi, S. (2010, July). The possibility of EMDR use with juvenile delinquents. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of EMDR use with juvenile delinquents, such as improvements of physical and mental mal-adjustment, emotion control, self-recognition and attitudes toward others. It also examined under which conditions in the judicial proceedings, it is possible to apply the EMDR therapy to juveniles. Methods: Three delinquents whose cases were in the Family Court process, were selected as participants in view of effectiveness, safety and validity. The measurement scales are as follows: (a)IES-R, (b)the Life Gram ( a wavy line drawn by the participant to describe one’s own life from the birth to present in the range of +10 and -10.), (c)SUDs, VOC, (d)self-reported impression by the participant, and (e)observation by the writer. Self-tapping on knees under the instruction by the writer was used as the bilateral stimulation. Each participant was interviewed four or five times during 4 weeks. Baseline measurements were done on 1st or 2nd interview, while post measurements were done on 4th or 5th interview after the EMDR session was held on 3rd or 4th time. Results: Results showed clear improvements by one EMDR intervention in two cases out of three. Insufficient care could be the reason for the absence of improvement with one participant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the EMDR is effective for the improvements of the various symptoms and problems of the juvenile delinquents, if being properly applied on the certain guidelines set for them.

Keywords: Juvenile Delinquents Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. 国秋汪永光王义强付素芬曹日芳 [Zhao Guo-Qiu, Wang Yong-Guang, Wang Yi-Qiang, Fu Shu-Fen, & Fang Tsao]. (2008, August). "4•28"胶济铁路交通事故伤员心理危机的干预 [Psychological intervention in the casualties of 4 · 28 train crash on the Jiao-Ji railway line]. 中華急診醫學雜誌 17卷8期 (2008/08), 800-803 [Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine], 17(8), 800-803 .

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
目的　分析淄博铁路交通事故伤员心理行为反应特点以寻找救治交通事故后患者的心理的有效方法。方法　采用心理危机结构式访谈问卷，对2008年4月28日发生的山东淄博胶济铁路重大交通事故中的226伤员进行心理状态评估，并对22名ASD患者进行眼动脱敏再加工(eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR)治疗，比较EMDR治疗前后的心理行为反应的差异。结果　有22名达到ASD（急性应激障碍）诊断标准，本次铁路交通事故中ASD的发生率为9.73%，伤员中主要以闯人、警觉性增高表现为主，并伴随着其他的负性情绪体验。女性组ASD的发生率(14.85%)高于男性组(5.60%)，P<0.05。女性组心理行为反应结果明显重于男性组(P<0.05)，EMDR能够显著改善ASD患者的闯入、警觉性增高症状(P<0.01)，但愤怒情绪没有显著改善((P=0.227))。结论　铁路交通事故后，女性比男性更容易发生ASD。EMDR可有效地解决ASD患者除愤怒以外的心理危机。

Objective: To investigate the psychological characteristics in the casualties of 4.28 train crash on the Jiao-Ji railway track and to find a effective way to relieve the psychological crisis induced by traffic accident. Method: A total of 226 casualties were assessed in respect of psychological crisis with interview questionnaire after 4.28 train track on Jiao-ji railwayine. Twenty-two casualties meeting acute stress disorder (ASD) criteria from DSM-IV were treated with EMDR. The therapeutic effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on ASD were assessed. Results: The incidence of ASD was 9.73% (22 casualties). The major psychological consequences in casualties were intrusive symptoms, symptoms of hyperarousal, and negative emotional symptoms. Significant differences on gender had been found in incidence rate of ASD female 14.85% and male 5.60%, P < 0.05. The women manifested more severe psychological consequences than men in this train crash accident. Significant treatment effect was found in EMDR on ASD. EMDR can significantly improve the intrusive symptoms and symptoms of hyperarousal (P < 0.05), but can not significantly improve negative emotional symptoms (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The women showed more severe psychological consequences than men after train crash accident. EMDR was effective treatment on ASD but negative emotional symptoms.

Keywords: Accident Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Crsis Intervention Psychological Crisis Intervention Traffic Accident Train Collision Train Crashes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. Ouellette, D. W. (2007, September-October). "Getting the war out:" New paradigms for healing post-traumatic stress. Natural Life News & Directory.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
EMDR is a psychotherapeutic approach developed by Francine Shapiro that uses dual attention stimulation, such as eye movements, bilateral sound, or bilateral tactile stimulation, to resolve symptoms resulting from exposure to a traumatic or distressing event. Clinical trials have demonstrated EMDR's efficacy in the treatment of PTSD. It has shown to be more effective than some alternative treatments and equivalent to cognitive behavioral and exposure therapies.Although some clinicians may use EMDR for various problems, its research support is primarily for disorders stemming from distressing life experiences.

Keywords: Combat Veterans War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Oz, S. (2005). The "wall of fear": The bridge between the traumatic event and trauma resolution therapy for childhood sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14(3), 23-47. doi:10.1300/J070v14n03_02.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A multitude of published books and papers on child sexual abuse (CSA) describe symptoms, long-term effects, and therapy for survivors of abuse. However, the parallels between the nature of the sexual trauma event(s) as originally experienced by the victim and the therapeutic process into which the survivor later becomes engaged have not been reported. This paper attempts to fill that gap and proposes that the concept of a "Wall of Fear" is the bridge connecting the two. In the first part of the paper, a model of the CSA experience based upon Furniss will be explained in order to point out the basis for the dissociation and other symptomology demonstrated by the CSA victim. Following that, the stages of therapy will be mapped out, with special attention to the concept of the Wall of Fear and traumatic memory resolution (abreactions) and with reference to the experience of the original traumatic events. Therapist fear of decompensation will be addressed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Child Abuse Rape Survivors Effects Psychotherapeutic Processes Adults Body Psychotherapy TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction

Accuracy Verified: No

5. Dibajnia, P., Reza Zahirodin, A., & Gheidar, Z. (2012). اثر حساسيت زدایي چشمي حرکتي بر اختلال استرس پس از سانحه [Eye-movement desensitization influence on post-traumatic stress disorder]. Pejouhandeh Journal, 16(7), 322-326.

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
چکيده سابقه و هدف: ا ختلال پس از سانحه ) Post traumatic stress disorder ( با شيوع 5 تاا 15 درصادي در واول زنادگي 3( ماي تواناد اثرات سوء و زيانباري بر فرد و جامعه وارد كند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي اثرحساسيت زداياي شایي حركتاي Eye movement desensitization reprocessing ( در كاهش نشانه هاي PTSD در اين دسته از بيیاران انجام شده است. مواد و روشها: تعداد 13 بيیار مبتلا به PTSD به وور تصادفي انتخاب و بوسيله روش EMDR تحت درماان رارار گرفتناد. اولاعاات جیعيت شناختي و نوع يادآوري حادثه به وسيله دو پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جیع آوري گرديد. هیچنين ميازان ضاربان رلاف، فشاار خون و تعداد تنفس اين بيیاران ربل و بعد از EMDR اندازه گيري گرديد. داده هاا باه وسايله نارم افازار SPSS.16 و روشاهاي آمااري توصيفي و مجذوركا مورد تجزيه و تحليل ررار گرفتند. یافته ها: 50 % گروه مورد مطالعه در رده سني 19 تا 19 سال ررار دارند و 10 % را زنان تشكيل ميدهند. EMDR به وور باارزي ناوع و گونگي يادآوري سانحه را تغيير داد. ميزان فشار خون، ضربان رلف و تعداد تنفس به وور معناداري هیراه با يادآوري ساانحه افازايش

Background: The 5% to 25% prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during life-time can cause irrefutable harms an individuals and society. This research carried out to examine; or not eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment can improve PTSD symptoms. Materials and methods: 71 patients (56 females and 15 males) have been selected randomly. Demographic and kind of trauma-reminding information were collected by two questionnaires. Blood pressure, Heart beating and Breathing numbers before and after EMDR were measured. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Q2 using SPSS software version 16. Results: 59% of patients were under 20-30 years old. 79% were females. According to the results, EMDR resulted to significant reduction of trauma reminding. Blood pressure, heart beating and breathing increased by trauma reminding significantly. ‍Conclusion: EMDR techniques promote improvement of negative symptoms of PTSD.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. محمد نريمانی * و سوران رجبی [Narimani, M., Ahari, S. S., & Rajabi, S.] (2010, Winter). مقايسه تاثير روش حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) با درمان شناختی ـ رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس [Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy therapeutic methods for reducing anxiety and depression of Iranian combatant afflicted by post traumatic stress disorder]. مجله علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، واحد پزشکی تهران، 19 (4), 236-245 [Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, 19(4(58)), 236-245].

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به ماهيت علامت محوربودن درمان دارويی، از روش های درمانی حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) و شناختی- رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس پس از ضربه (PTSD) استفاده می شود. هدف اين مطالعه بررسی تفاوت تاثير دو روش درمانی EMDR و CBT در اختلال استرس است. روش بررسی: در اين مطالعه مورد شاهدی 51 رزمنده مبتلا به PTSD بستری در بيمارستان ايثار اردبيل يا ساکن در شهر اردبيل به روش نمونه گيری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسيم شدند.روش مطالعه، آزمايشی گسترش يافته و طرح تحقيق از نوع پيش آزمون ـ پس آزمون چندگروهی بود. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل آزمون خاطره های آزاردهنده، مقياس براشفتگی ذهنی، مقياس شناخت واره های مثبت و مقياس اضطراب و افسردگی بيمارستانی بود. يافته ها: روش های درمانی EMDR و CBT باعث کاهش معنی داری در متغيرهای خاطره های آزاردهنده، اضطراب و افسردگی و برآشفتگی ذهنی شد و ميزان اعتماد به شناخت واره مثبت به طور معنی داری افزايش يافت. روش درمانی EMDR در مقايسه با CBT در کاهش علايم PTSD رزمندگان ايرانی موثرتر بود، با اين وجود هر دو روش در کاهش علايم اين اختلال موثر بودند. نتيجه گيری: با توجه به اثر درمانی EMDR و CBT در درمان PTSD، پيشنهاد می شود به منظور پيشگيری و کاهش علايم اختلال استرس پس از سانحه جنگ در رزمندگان ايرانی از روش های درمانی فوق در مراکز درمانی استفاده شود.

Background: According to symptom oriented of drug therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were increasingly used. The aim of this study was to compare effects of EMDR and CBT in acute stress. Materials and Methods : In this case-control study of 51 combat PTSD patients admitted to hospital or residing in the sacrifice of Ardabil Ardabil simple random sampling were selected randomly divided into three groups. Methods, expanded testing and research design type were tested before Chndgrvhy test. Test tools used included disturbing memories, anger scale, mental, cognitive scale Varh positive and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results : EMDR and CBT treatments significantly reduced the variables disturbing memories, anxiety and depression and mental frustration and level of confidence in recognizing the positive Varh significantly increased. EMDR therapy compared with CBT in reducing PTSD symptoms was more effective Iranian combatants, however, both methods were effective in reducing symptoms of this disorder. Conclusion : According to the therapeutic effect of EMDR and CBT in treating PTSD, is recommended to prevent and reduce symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder in war veterans of the Persian mentioned therapies used in treatment centers.

Keywords: Anxiety Anxiety Disorders CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Depressive Disorders Iranians Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. محمد نريماني ، سوران رجبي [Narimani, M., & Rajabi, S.] (2009). مقايسه ي تأثير روش حساسيت زدايي توأم با حركات چشم و پردازش مجدد در درمان اختلال استرس (CBT) با درمان شناختي رفتاري (EMDR) [Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy methods in the treatment of stress disorder]. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad University - Tehran Medical Branch, 19(4), 236-245.

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به ماهيت علامت محوربودن درمان دارويي، از روش هاي درماني حساسيت زدايي توأم با حركات چشم و استفاده مي شود. هدف اين (PTSD) در درمان اختلال استرس پس از ضربه (CBT) و شناختي- رفتاري (EMDR) پردازش مجدد در اختلال استرس است. CBT و EMDR مطالعه بررسي تفاوت تأثير دو روش درماني بستري در بيمارستان ايثار اردبيل يا ساكن در شهر اردبيل به PTSD روش بررسي:در اين مطالعه مورد شاهدي 51 رزمنده مبتلا به روش نمونه گيري تصادفي ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفي به سه گروه تقسيم شدند.روش مطالعه، آزمايشي گسترش يافته و طرح تحقيق از نوع پيش آزمون پس آزمون چندگروهي بود. ابزارهاي مورد استفاده شامل آزمون خاطره هاي آزاردهنده، مقياس برآشفتگي ذهني، مقياس شناخت واره هاي مثبت و مقياس اضطراب و افسردگي بيمارستاني بود. باعث كاهش معني داري در متغيرهاي خاطره هاي آزاردهنده، اضطراب و افسردگي و CBT و EMDR يافتهها: روش هاي درماني CBT در مقايسه با EMDR برآشفتگي ذهني شد و ميزان اعتماد به شناخت واره ي مثبت به طور معني داري افزايش يافت. روش درماني رزمندگان ايراني مؤثرتر بود، با اين وجود هر دو روش در كاهش علايم اين اختلال مؤثر بودند. PTSD در كاهش علايم پيشنهاد مي شود به منظور پيشگيري و كاهش علائم اختلال ،PTSD در درمان CBT و EMDR نتيجهگيري: با توجه به اثر درماني استرس پس از سانحه جنگ در رزمندگان ايراني از روش هاي درماني فوق در مراكز درماني استفاده شود.

Background: According to symptom oriented of drug therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were increasingly used. The aim of this study was to compare effects of EMDR and CBT in acute stress. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, 51 combatants with PTSD hospitalized in Isar Hospital of Ardabil province or were inhabited in Ardabil were randomly divided to three groups. The method was extended test method and study design was multi-group test-retest. Used tools included boring memories test, subjective units of distress or anxiety (SUD) scale, validity of cognitions (VOC) scale and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results: EMDR and CBT significantly decreased boring memories, mental distress, anxiety and depression, and also increased positive cognition. Although both EMDR and CBT caused significant reduction of anxiety and depression, EMDR was superior to CBT in reduction of PTSD symptoms of Iranian combatants. Conclusion: Regarding efficacy of EMDR and CBT in the treatment of PTSD , it is suggested to prevent and decrease symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Keywords: Anxiety Depression CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Subjective Units of Distress SUD Validity of Cognition VOC

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. محمد جواد احمدى زاده *، حسين اسکندری ، محمدرضا فلسفى نژاد و احمد برجعلی [Ahmadizadeh, M. J., Eskandari, H., Falsafinejad, M. R., & Borjali, A.] (2010, Fall). مقایسه اثر بخشی جنبش چشم "شناختی رفتاری" و " حساسیت زدایی بازفرآوری "مدل های درمان در بیماران مبتلا به جنگ پس از سانحه اختلال استرس [Comparison the effectiveness of “cognitive-behavioral” and “eye movement desensitization reprocessing” treatment models on patients with war posttraumatic stress disorder]. Iranian Journal of Military Medicine, 12(3), 173-178.

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Aims: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder which can develop after exposure to any event which results in psychological trauma. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most commonly used treatment for the disease and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a more rapid, relatively recent method. This study was designed with the aim of comparing the efficacy of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing method on reduction of specific symptoms and recovery in patients suffering from PTSD due to war. Methods: This experimental study was performed in year 2008. 45 veterans suffering from PTSD were divided randomly into three CBT, EMDR and control groups. Each of the mentioned groups contained 15 members. Two questionnaires including PTSD checklist-military version and symptom checklist 90 revised were applied in order to collect data. Data was analyzed using inferential statistical tests by SPSS 16. Results: Scores of CBT group and EMDR group had a significant difference from control group scores. Conclusion: Both models are effective on reduction of symptoms in PTSD.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. 杜鹃 [Du Juan] ( 发表时间). 创伤后应激反应的相关因素分析及眼动疗法干预研究 [The analysis of related factors of post-traumatic stress and the research on EMDR intervention]. 山东大学.

Language: Chinese

Format: Book

Abstract:
5EMDR未来的方向对EMDR治疗持不乐观的文献亦较多，如有人指出目前关于EMDR的对照研究没有严格遵照科学的原则，故其有效性有待进一步考证〔34j。另外，关于EMDR在处理创伤的生理学症状所起的作用和机制的探讨，还不是很清楚，缺乏更多的实证研究。...

[2.1.5. The future of EMDR. There are also many articles which hold negative attitudes on EMDR treatment. Some people pointed that the current control study of EMDR does not follow strictly the scientific rules. Thus, proofs of its effectiveness are needed. Moreover, the exploration of the function and mechanism of EMDR in the treatment of traumatic physiology symptoms is still unclear and yet to be proved…]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. 陈维樑 [Chen Wei-Liang]. (2008, 年10月[October]). 复杂哀伤,EMDR和“人格结构性解体”理论 [Complicated grief, EMDR and the "structural disintegration of personality" theory]. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress for Psychotherapy, Beijing, China.

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the "Structural Dissociation of the Personality" as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various aspects of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the "Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality". The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different aspects of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. (Presented in English)

Keywords: Complication Grief Personality Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. 市井雅哉, 熊野宏昭 [Ichii Masaya & Kumano Hiroaki]. (1996). 急性ストレス障害の阪神・淡路大震災被災者に対する眼球運動による脱感作法(EMD)の適用ブリーフサイコセラピー研究 [Eye movement desensitization by Kobe earthquake victims with acute stress disorder (EMD) application]. ブリーフサイコセラピー、5、53-70の日本人会 [Japanese Association of Brief Psychotherapy, 5, 53-70].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
著者らは、EMDを（眼球運動脱感作）阪神淡路大震災から受けたとのASD（急性ストレス障害）の生存者として1ヶ月と診断地震次の2つの女性に適用されます。セッションの中で、彼らの恐れが減少した。その結果、EMDには、ASDクライアントのPTSDを防ぐために使用できることを示した。 25歳焦がすの女性は当初、外傷に関連する画像（例えば、火）、8の初期SUDにレベルを訴えた。眼球運動（EM）の苦痛のレベルの4つの後に0に減少した。眼球運動の7番目のセット後、彼女はそれが終わると、"として完全に本当だった認知"を評価した。 5ヵ月後には、これらの治療の変更が症状のいずれか再発することなく維持された。関連は、この場合、二次的利得と自己使用で議論された。また、結婚28歳の女性、EMDの治療のセッション中に恐怖感の強いreexperienced地震に関連する症状。迅速SUDには0のレベルに減少したEMの11セットの後に恐れている。同時に、彼女は彼女が望ましい認知または"すべては疑いの余地なくすべての権利"は信じられないと報じた。方法はEMDを適用することで画像や正認知の治療に議論された。また、症状の適用範囲やEMDとEMDRの違いが議論された。

Authors applied EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization) to two women who suffered from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and diagnosed as ASD (Acute Stress Disorder) survivors one month following the earthquake. Within a session, their fears were diminished. The result showed that EMD can be used for ASD clients to prevent PTSD. A 25 year-old singe woman initially complained of trauma-related imagery (e.g., fire) with an initial SUD level of eight. After four sets of Eye Movement (EM) the level of distress decreased to 0. After the seventh set of eye movement, she rated the cognition "it was over," as completely true. Five months later, these therapeutic changes were maintained without any relapse of symptoms. Associated with this case, secondary gain and self use were discussed. In addition, a married 28-year-old woman, reexperienced earthquake-related symptoms with a strong sense of fear during the therapy session of EMD. The fear quickly decreased to a level of 0 on SUD after the eleventh set of EM. At the same time she reported that she could believe a desirable cognition or "everything is all right" without any doubt. The way to treat imagery and positive cognition in applying EMD was discussed. Furthermore, an applicable range of symptoms, and the differences between EMD and EMDR were discussed.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Earthquake Kobe

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. 市井雅哉 [Ichii Masaya]. (1997年12月). 眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法(EMDR)の急性ストレス障害(ASD)を示した阪神淡路大震災被災者への適用 : ストレス障害に対するストレスの少ない治療法 [Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to ASD survivors of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake: Treatment with less stress for stress disorder]. バイオフィードバック研究、（24）、38から44 [Japanese Journal of Biofeedback Research, (24), 38-44].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
市井雅哉眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法(EMDR)の急性ストレス障害(ASD)を示した阪神淡路大震災被災者への適用: ストレス障害に対するストレスの少ない治療法バイオフィードバック研究日本バイオフィードバック学会
阪神・淡路大震災の被災者で急性ストレス障害を呈した2名の女性に対して震災1ケ月後にEMDRを適用した.いずれも1セッションで地震への恐怖感は消失した.EMDRをPTSDやASDといったストレス障害の治療に用いることの有効性が示された.治療技法としてのEMDRの特徴として、即効性,クライエント・治療者双方に対してのストレスの少なさを指摘し,作用機序についてこれまで提唱されている仮説について紹介した.

The Author applied EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) to two women survivors, who suffered from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and diagnosed as ASD one month following the earthquake. Within a session, their fears of the earthquake were diminished. The results showed that EMDR is effective for stress disorders like ASD or PTSD. A 25-year-old single woman initially complained of trauma-related imagery (e.g. fire) with an initial SUD level of eight. After four sets of eye movement (EM) the level of distress decreased to zero. After the seventh set of EM, her rating of cognition as "it was over" went up to "completely true." Five months later, these therapeutic changes were maintained without any relapse of symptoms. A married 28-year-old woman, re-experienced earthquake-related symptoms with a strong sense of fear during a therapy session of EMDR. The fear quickly decreased to a level of zero on SUD after the eleventh set of EM. At the same time she reported that she could believe a desirable cognition or that "everything is all right" without any doubt. The author pointed out that the therapeutic characteristics of EMDR are rapid effectiveness and less stress for both clients and therapists. Also some hypotheses of working mechanisms of EMDR were introduced.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Clinical Case Study Earthquake Empirical Study Females Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. 張素凰、 [Chang Sue-Hwang]. (2008年3月). 眼球運動中的作用機制 EMDR的治療：證據為基礎的研究 [Role of eye movements in the therapeutic mechanisms of EMDR: Evidence-based research]. 論文發表於2008年TACP（台灣臨床心理學協會）年度會議（第三次大會），專題討論會以證據為基礎研究在台灣第1節心理障礙，3月8-9日，政治大學，台北，台灣。（國科會91 -2413 - H型009 -鹽度-;國科會92 -2413 - H型002 -024-;國科會93 -2413 - H型002 -002-） [Presentation at the 2008 TACP (Taiwan Association of Clinical Psychology) Annual Conference (Third General Meeting), Symposium on Evidence-Based Research in Taiwan; Section of Mental Disorders, March 8-9, Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. (NSC 91-2413-H-009-SSS-; NSC 92-2413-H-002-024-; NSC 93-2413-H-002-002-)].

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
研討會以證據為基礎的研究，在台灣，部分精神疾病。（國科會 91 - 2413 - H的009 -量表中文），國家安全委員會 92 - 2413 - H的- 002 - 024 -）;國家安全委員會 93 - 2413 - H的- 002 - 002 -）眼動脫敏和再加工（EMDR;夏皮羅，1989 ，1995，2001）最近聲稱要有效地紓緩創傷後應激障礙的症狀，恐怖疾病。眼運動（電磁）是一種治療的關鍵因素，其治療機制有待澄清。在這個談話的目的是要研究系列報告，從我們的實驗室就EM的作用，治療機制 EMDR。具體來說，在EMDR程序被簡單地描述，EM的功效及工藝相比，暴露了問題。此外，對影響電磁情緒變化和生動的圖像或自傳記憶，改變數量和強度的語義協會的報告。此外，關於如何EMDR問題可能的工作，無論是電磁沒有添加任何超出了純粹接觸機制和電磁相互作用，價的刺激，他們的陳述順序進行了討論。最後，在EM的作用方面提出的刺激價為了從理論的角度來看，其臨床意義，提出和未來研究的可能性進行了討論。

Symposium on Evidence-Based Research, in Taiwan; Section of Mental Disorders. (NSC 91-2413-H-009-SSS-); NSC 92-2413-H-002-024-); NSC 93-2413-H-002-002-) Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989, 1995, 2001) has recently been claimed to be effective in ameliorating the symptoms of PTSD and phobic disorders. Eye movement (EM) was one of the crucial treatment elements, of which the therapeutic mechanisms await elucidation. The aims of this talk were to report series of studies from our lab regarding the role of EM in the therapeutic mechanism of EMDR. Specifically, after EMDR procedure being briefly described, the efficacy of EM and its process compared to exposure were addressed. Further, the effects of EM on changes of emotionality and vividness of images or autobiographic memories, and changes of amount and strength of semantic associations were reported. Also, the issues regarding how EMDR might work, whether EM did add anything beyond the mechanisms of pure exposure, and the interplay of EM, valence of stimuli, and their presentation order were discussed. Finally, the role of EM in terms of stimulus valence presentation order from theoretical point of view and its clinical implications are proposed, and future research possibilities are discussed.

Keywords: Eye Movement Exposure Symposium Therapeutic Mechanism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. 김 [Kim, D.] (2009). 직장 스트레스로 악화된 뚜렛 장애의 EMDR： 단일 증례 연구 [A single case study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with tourette’s disorder aggravated by stress at work]. Mental Health Research, 28, 14-20.

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
뚜렛 장애(Tourette’s disorder)는 다발성 운동 틱과 한 개 이상의 음성 틱이 1년 이상 나타나며 틱이 없는 기간이 3개월 이하일 때 진단된다.1) 이 장애는 만성적인 경과를 밟 으며, 많은 환자들이 성인기에 접어 들면 증상이 호전되지만 더 심해지는 경우도 있어 그 개인차가 크다.2) 또한 틱증상이 악화되었다가 호전되는 패턴이 삽화처럼 존재하기 때문에 약 물치료의 시작하는 시점이나 그 효과 판별에 주의를 요한다. 예를 들어, 악화기엔 어떠한 약물도 그 효과가 적기 때문에 이 시점에서 유용성을 판단하기 어렵다.3) 뚜렛 장애의 치료는 약물치료가 1차 선택 치료이지만 많 은 환자들이 원치 않는 부작용 때문에 약물복용을 거절하거 나 중단한다. 또한 일부는 약물의 효과가 없으며, 있다고 해 도 그 효과는 제한적이다.4) 한 연구에 의하면 평균적인 약물 반응은 틱 증상의 50% 전도 감소라고 한다.5) 따라서 약물 치료와 병용할 수 있는 효과적인 정신치료의 필요성이 요구 되고 있다. 뚜렛이나 틱 장애의 대표적인 정신치료는 습관 반전(habit reversal) 이라는 행동치료이다.6) 그외에도 인식 훈련, 자기 주장 훈련, 인지치료, 이완치료 등이 있다.4) 현재까지 가장 효과의 준거가 강한 것은 습관반전이며7) 그 외 정신치료에 대한 연구 축적은 부족한 실정이다. 뚜렛장애에 대한 정신치 료는 증상의 완화 뿐 아니라 질환을 이해시키고, 자존감을 높이며 사회적 기능을 향상시키는 데 중요한 역할은 한다.8) 비교적 최근 심리적 외상 치료로 개발된 안구운동 민감소실 및 재처리 요법(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprecessing, EMDR)이 여러 임상 영역에 활발하게 쓰이면서 그 관심을 받고 있다.9) 외상후 스트레스 장애 외의 불안장애에 부터 보다 최근에는 우울증과 정신분열병에 까지 시도되고 있는 실정이다.10,11) 이 증례는 직장 스트레스로 악화된 뚜렛 환자에게 EMDR을 사용하여 성공적으로 치료한 경험을 공 유하고자 작성되었다.

This single case report involves a 24 year-old woman with Tourette’s syndrome who experienced exacerbation of tic symptoms after stressful events at work. After eight months of unsuccessful pharmacotherapy, the five sessions of EMDR was tried targeting the events, which resulted in significant reduction in tic and stress symptoms to previous level. In fact, she felt so good that she discontinued her medication after two sessions but maintained her improvement throughout treatment period. Two years after termination of treatment she was reported to have been doing great at work although she continued to display her tics at usual, mild level.

Keywords: Tic Disorder Tourette’s Disorder Psychotherapy Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. Βεντουράτου, Δ. [Ventouratos, D.]. (2009). Εισαγωγή στην ψυχοτραυματολογία και στην τραυματοθεραπεία. : Η μέθοδος - EMDR [Introduction to psychotraumatology and trauma treatment and EMDR]. Πεδίο εφαρμογής Εκδόσεων, Αθήνα, Ελλάδα [Field Publications, Athens, Greece] .

Language: Greek

Format: Book

Abstract:
Συχνά, όταν βρισκόμαστε αντιμέτωποι με μια αιφνίδια στρεσογόνο εμπειρία, νιώθουμε απειλή και ανημπόρια. Αν οι προσπάθειές μας να την ξεπεράσουμε ψυχικά δεν επαρκούν, δημιουργούνται μέσα μας εσωτερικά ρήγματα. Συνήθως παγώνουμε ή απωθούμε κάθε ανάμνηση και κάθε συναίσθημα που σχετίζονται με το τραυματικό βίωμα. Οι συνέπειες αυτής της απώθησης είναι διάφορα ψυχοσωματικά συμπτώματα, φοβίες ή κατάθλιψη.
Το βιβλίο εισάγει για πρώτη φορά τον αναγνώστη στα εξειδικευμένα πεδία της ψυχοτραυματολογίας και της τραυματοθεραπείας, που ασχολούνται με την αντιμετώπιση και εξάλειψη των τραυματικών βιωμάτων στους ανθρώπους: η ψυχοτραυματολογία συμμαχεί με το υγιές εγώ και χτίζει με προσοχή μια θεραπευτική σχέση εμπιστοσύνης με στόχο την επεξεργασία και αφομοίωση του τραυματικού βιώματος.
Στο βιβλίο εξετάζεται ειδικότερα η πρωτοποριακή μέθοδος ΕΜDR της Francine Shapiro, που αποτελεί ένα πολύ ισχυρό εργαλείο στα χέρια του έμπειρου κλινικού με θεαματικά αποτελέσματα. Με τη μέθοδο αυτή το τραυματικό βίωμα νοηματοδοτείται και παίρνει τη θέση του σαν ένα ακριβό μαργαριτάρι στον θησαυρό των εμπειριών του ατόμου.

Often, when faced with a sudden stressful experience, one feels threatened and helpless. If our efforts to overcome psychologically inadequate, created through our internal divides. Usually freeze or repelled every memory and every emotion associated with the traumatic experience. The effect of this repulsion is different psychosomatic symptoms, phobias or depression. The book introduces for the first time the reader to specific areas of psychotrafmatologias and trafmatotherapeias, dealing with the treatment and elimination of traumatic experiences in people: the psychotrafmatologia allies with a healthy ego and carefully builds a therapeutic relationship of trust with the aim of treatment and assimilation of traumatic experiences. In particular the book examines innovative method of EMDR Francine Shapiro, which is a very powerful tool in the hands of an experienced clinician with spectacular results. With this method, the traumatic experience and arises only takes its place as an expensive pearl in the treasure the experience of the individual.

Keywords: Psychotraumatology Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. Lanius, U. (2005, April). 'Dissociative processes' and EMDR - Staying connected. Presentation at 3rd Annual Conference of the EMDR Association of UK and Ireland, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: D
issociative processes, common in a wide variety of psychological disorders (e.g., PTSD, Anxiety Disorders, Personality Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, etc.) can interfere with effective EMDR treatment. The information processing system gets overwhelmed and shuts down, thereby barring the integration and resolution of traumatic experience. The workshop presents a model, based on recent developments in neuroscience and the neurobiology of dissociation, that guides therapeutic interventions in general and EMDR treatment in particular. Treatment planning, target selection, the use of both body-oriented (bottom-up processing) versus cognitive and ego-state (top-down processing), and other interventions are discussed. Participants will become familiar with specific interventions designed to minimize dissociative symptoms, as well as techniques that aid clients in becoming reconnected once dissociative processes have occurred. A comprehensive therapeutic approach is described that aids clients with dissociative symptoms to stay connected and thereby enhance the likelihood of efficient information processing during EMDR treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. Wilson, S., Becker, L., & Tinker, R. H. (1995, June). 15-Month follow up of EMDR treatment for traumatic memory. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
We previously reported on the outcomes of a controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) effectiveness in the treatment of traumatic memory (Wilson, Tinker, & Becker, 1994; Wilson, Becker, & tinker, in press). In that study we found that three, 90-minute sessions of EMDR (Shapiro, 1995) "normalized the psychological functioning of the previously traumatized participants (g = 80) on all dependent measures. The present study is a 15-month follow up of those participants. I Method: The research design is shown in Table 1. Participants were randomly assigned to EMDR or to Delayed EMDR conditions. Pretreatment measurement occurred at measurement time TI. Participants in the EMDR condition received EMDR between T1 and T2; those in the Delayed EMDR condition received EMDR between T2 and T3. All participants were tested immediately following treatment and at 3 months following treatment (at T4). The 15 month, long-term follow up occurred at measurement time T5. An independent assessor collected all of the following dependent measures: Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS; Wolpe, 1990), Impact of Events Scale (IES; Hmowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979), State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R, Derogatis, 1992). [Table 1. The Research Design, Treatment Condition, Measurement Time: T1 T2 T3 T4 T5; EMDR Treatment: 01 x 02 03 04; Delayed EMDR Treatment 01 02 x 03 04 05; Note: T = Time of measurement; 0 = Observation; X = Treatment administered.] II. Results: Two analyses were performed to assess the impact of EMDR treatment at the 15-month follow up. First, in order to assess the overall, long-term impact of EMDR, the 15-month follow-up scores were compared with the pretreatment scores. There was significant improvement on all nine measures at the 15-month follow up: The multivariate effect was significant (Wilk's Lambda =.11, p<.0005) as were all nine of the univariate effects (all p <.0005). Second, in order to assess whether the improvement shown immediately following EMDR treatment had been maintained over the following year the immediate posttreatment scores were compared with, the 15-month follow-up scores. The multivariate test was nonsignificant (Wilk's lambda=.74, p=.079), indicating the improvement shown immediately following EMDR was maintained 15 months later. The univariate analyses indicated additional improvement for the PTSD symptoms of intrusions (IES Intrusion: F(1,56)=7.71, p=307) and avoidance (IES avoidance: F_(1,56) -4.44, p=.040). None of the nine measures showed deterioration at the 15-month follow up. Prior to EMDR treatment 45% (g= 9) of the responders had been diagnosed as PTSD, at the 15-month follow up only 7% (g = 4) were diagnosed as PTSD (chi-squareo, N=61)= .72, p < .05). III. Responders Versus Nonresponders at the 15-Month Follow up.: At the time of writing this abstract, 75% of the participants (g=61) have responded to the 15-month follow up. In general, measures taken prior to treatment did not differentiate responders fiom nonresponders. Responding at the 15-month follow up was unrelated to age, gender, marital status or years of education, although the annual income of the responders (Mdn=21,500) was higher than that of the nonresponders (Mdn = 14,750, Mann-Whitney U=372.5, p=.017). Responding or not at 15 months was unrelated to the type of trauma experienced, whether or not the participants had been in therapy prior to EMDR treatment, or how long ago the trauma had occurred. It was also unrelated to the severity of the trauma as measured by the pretreatment scores on the nine dependent variables and to whether or not the participant met the PTSD diagnosis criteria prior to treatment. A multiple regression analysis used the immediate posttreatment and 90-day posttreatment scores to predict whether or not the participant responded at the 15-month follow up. Nonrespondents were more likely to be depressed at 90-days following treatment than were respondents (R square=.O8, B=-.16, Beta = -.28, F_L1,71)=5.99, p=.017). No other variables entered into the regression model. IV Discussiona and Conclusion, Tretement effects found immediately following EMDR treatment wer maintained or improved 15 months later and thee was a significant decrease in the number of participants diagnosed as PTSD at the 15 month follow up. The comparison of responders to nonresponders at the 15 month follow up showed that the nonresponders were more depressed than the responders, raising the possiblity that the present results may be favorably biased to some extent. The discussion will include the additional, subjective impressions of participants who did not respond to the follow up. Limitations of EMDR with this population will be discussed, including the influence of comorbidity, multiple traumas, retraumatization after treatment, and spontaneous recurrence of symptoms. V. References: 1) Derogatis, L. R. (1992). SCL-90: Administration Scoring and Procedures Manual II. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research. 2) Horowitz, M. J., Wilmer, N. & Alverez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Distress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209-218. 3) Shapiro, F. (1995), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures. 4) Speilberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. D., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. 5) Wilson, S. A., Tinker, R. A., & Becker, L. A. (1994, November). Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)Treatment for Trauma Victims. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL. 6) Wilson, S. A., Becker, L. A., & Tinker, R. A. (In press), EMDR, treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

Keywords: Follow-up Traumatic Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. Koshal, A. (2010, June). The 4-fields-technic in the traumatherapy of complex traumatized and drug-addicted people (in methadone-treatment). In Addictions. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nowadays several international studies demonstrate that the problem of drug-addiction is very often found in combination with complex traumatization in early childhood and youth. (Felitti. 2903; Kufner et al. 2000; Langeland et al. 2006; Schmidt, 2000 etc.) As we all know PTSD and the other trauma symptoms cause a lot of psychophysical dysregulation. So the psychiatrist Khantrian postulated already 1985 the "self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders". Janina Fisher, Trauma Center Boston, 2000, called this assumed combination of trauma-consequences and drug-addiction, "compensatory strategies aimed at self-regulation" In many years of working with drug-addicted people it became very obvious that a high percentage of this people are using drugs, for example to calm down after being aggressive, may be caused by an argue: or to reduce strong inner tensions; to sleep without nightmares, to alleviate the feeling of helplessness and fear etc. Drugs and alcohol do reduce all the mentioned symptoms for a while. To learn to cope in another, more adaptive way, the addicted people need to learn alternatives strategies for a good functioning self-regulation. After stabilization, the trauma therapy can start, so the patient can reduce some of the sources of psychophysiological dysregulation. Even when the addicted people still get methadone psychotherapy is possible. Practical experience over a long time. started 1990, did show a lot of successful treatments and that methadone does not interfere a traumatherapy. The 4-Fields-Technic is a special method of EMDR that was developed by Jarero et al. 1997 in Mexico after a hurricane disaster. Dorothee Lansch modified the group method into a therapy-setting for single persons. For complex traumatized and drug-addicted people this technic is very helpful. The focus is more easy to keep in mind, - in front of the eyes. In the 4-Fields-Technic the patient focuses on a self-painted picture, that represents the worst part of a trauma experience. The patient keeps his focus on this picture, combined with bilateral stimulation, till he feels the picture should be changed. And so the process is going on till finished. The participant will be able to learn: - about the correlation between complex trauma and drug-addiction - that drug-addicted people who get methadone are able to do trauma therapy -the 4-Fieids-Technic as a method to create resources. Psychotherapy and specially psychotraumatherapy with drug-addicted people who are as well in a methadone-treatment is for many therapists still controversial. This presentation will give you an idea how good it can work, based on various case series.

Keywords: 4-Fields-Technic Complex Trauma Drug Addiciton Methodone Treatment Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. Koshal, A. (2012, June). The 4-fields-technique in the trauma therapy of complex traumatized and addicted patients [La técnica de 4-‐Campos en la terapia de trauma complejo y pacientes adictos, incluso en tratamiento de metadona]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will employ lecture and demonstration of several case studies. The 4-‐Field-‐Technique is a special method of EMDR that was developed by Jarero et al. 1997 in Mexico. For complex traumatized and drug addicted people this method is very helpful. The risk to trigger other trauma clusters is quite minor, because the patient’s concentration is focused on his specific picture and situation. Several international studies demonstrate that addicted people are very often complex traumatized. (Felitti et al., 2003; Schmidt, 2000 etc.) PTSD and other trauma symptoms cause a lot of psychophysical deregulation. The psychiatrist Khantzian realized 1985, that addicted people suffer a lot from different symptoms and try to reduce the unbearable inner tension in using drugs. So Khantzian postulated the “self-‐medication hypothesis of addictive disorders”. Janina Fisher, Trauma Center Boston, 2000, interpreted the correlation of early traumatization and drug-‐addiction as “compensatory strategies aimed at self-‐ regulation”. 20 years of psychotherapeutic work revealed, a high percentage of addicted patients use drugs to influence their emotional states. Drugs and alcohol do short term reduce the mentioned symptoms. Addicted patients need to learn to cope in another, more adaptive way to get a better functioning self-‐regulation. After stabilization, trauma-‐therapy can start. So the patient can reduce his psycho-‐ physiological deregulation. Even when addicted patients are still in a methadone-‐ treatment trauma-‐therapy is effective. Practical experiences show a lot of successful treatments.

Este taller empleará la presentación y demostración de muchos estudios de caso. La técnica de 4 campos es un método especial de EMDR que fue desarrollado por Jarero et al. 1997 en Méjico. Para gente con traumas complejos y adictos este método resulta ser muy adecuado. El riesgo de disparar grupos de traumas es menor, debido a que la concentración del paciente está centrada en una sola imagen y situación. Muchos estudios demuestran que los adictos son muy a menudo traumatizados de manera compleja. (Felitti et al., 2003; Schmidt, 2000 etc.) El TEPT y otros síntomas del trauma causan muchas desregulaciones psicofisiológicas. El psiquiatra Khantzian se dio cuenta en 1985, que la gente que sufre de adicción sufren también muchos otros síntomas diferentes e intentan reducir su tensión interna a través del uso de sustancias. Por ello Khantzian postuló “ La hipótesis de la automedicación en trastornos adictivos” Janina Fisher, Trauma Center Boston, 2000, interpretó la correlación de la traumatización temprana y la adicción a la drogas como “ Estrategias compensatorias dirigidas a la autorregulación”. 20 años de trabajo psicoterapéutico muestran que un gran porcentaje de pacientes adictos usan drogas para modificar sus estados emocionales. Las drogas y el alcohol reducen a corto plazo los síntomas mencionados. Los pacientes adictos necesitan aprender a afrontar de manera más adaptativa su autorregulación. Después de la estabilización, la terapia del trauma puede empezar. Por ello el paciente puede reducir su desregulación psicofisiológica. Incluso cuando aún están sometidos a un tratamiento de metadona la terapia del trauma es efectiva. Las experiencias en la práctica muestran una gran cantidad de tratamientos exitosos.

Keywords: 4-Fields-Technique Addiction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. Opperman-Schmid, F. (2010, June). 5 years of EMDR in a general practioners practise. In Treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study describes the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in clients suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms after recent traumatic experience. Between November 2003 and July 2009, 45 clients of a general medicine practise with stress reactions and inability to work after a recent traumatic event were treated with EMDR. The number of active EMDR sessions varied from 1 to 5 sessions. After this short time of active treatment, everyone of these clients was free of symptoms and able to take up work again. After a three months period, those clients were reinvestigated. Up to this time, none of them had suffered from symptoms of distress or accumulation of trauma memories or inability to go to work. The study shows an interesting aspect in EMDR treatment: general practitioners are the first to be consulted by clients with recent trauma. EMDR is shown to be very effective in treatment of stress symptoms after recent trauma. Consequently, an early intervention with EMDR reduces stress symptoms and the period of inability. This is to promote interest and awareness specially among general practitioners with psychotherapy training.

Keywords: Acute Stress Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. Lucchese, D. (2000, Novembre). Aborto, EMDR e prevenzione della depressione post partum: un caso [Abortion, EMDR and prevention of postpartum depression: A case]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Viene descritto il caso di una giovane donna cui è stato diagnosticata una gravidanza a rischio per malformazione genetica del feto. Dopo un sofferto aborto terapeutico, la paziente ha subito un secondo aborto spontaneo, entrambi con caratteristiche traumatiche. Trattata con EMDR, comprese le complicanze e le sequele dal momento della diagnosi fino al future template, la paziente ha con successo riprocessato i vissuti di colpa e inadeguatezza, i pensieri irrazionali generati dal trauma, e soprattutto una serie di somatizzazioni e comportamenti rituali per lei finora inspiegabili. I target trattati sono stati sei, con cognizioni negative di inadeguatezza del suo ruolo materno e di colpa per le proprie decisioni. L’interesse del caso consiste nella elaborazione di vissuti corporei simbolici e di comportamenti disturbanti anche sul piano pratico e relazionale. Risulta evidente la funzionalità del EMDR nel trattamento dei ricordi delle vicende traumatiche vissute, sperimentate anche e soprattutto sul piano corporeo. L’utilizzo dell’EMDR ha permesso inoltre di evidenziare le possibilità di questo trattamento nella prevenzione della depressione post partum

Describes the case of a young woman whose pregnancy was diagnosed at risk for genetic malformation of the fetus. After suffering a therapeutic abortion, the patient underwent a second miscarriage, both with traumatic characteristics. Treated with EMDR, including complications and sequelae from the time of diagnosis until future templates, the patient with successfully reprocessed the feelings of guilt and inadequacy, irrational thoughts generated by the trauma, especially a series of somatization and conduct rituals for her so far unexplained. I six targets were treated with negative cognition of inadequacy of its role and the breast blame for their decisions. The interest in the case consists in the elaboration of bodily experience symbolic and disruptive behavior also at the practical and relational. The apparent functionality of EMDR in the treatment of memories of traumatic events experienced, tested also and especially on the body. Using EMDR experience has also highlighted the possibility of this treatment in the prevention of postpartum depression.

Keywords: Abortion Postpartum Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. Lee, C. W., Taylor, G., & Drummond, P. D. (2006, March-April). The active ingredient in EMDR: Is it traditional exposure or dual focus of attention?. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(2), 97-107. doi:10.1002/cpp.479.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This study tested whether the content of participants' responses during EMDR is similar to that thought to be effective for traditional exposure treatments (reliving), or is more consistent with distancing, which would be expected given Shapiro's proposal of dual process of attention. The responses made by 44 participants with PTSD were examined during their first EMDR treatment session. An independent rater coded these responses according to whether they were consistent with reliving, distancing, or focusing on material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement on a measure of PTSD symptoms occurred when the participant processed the trauma in a more detached manner. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggest that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that covaried with improvement. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Attention Australians Cognitive Processes Empirical Study Mechanism of Action Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Quantitative Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. Hogberg, G., & Hallstrom, T. (2008). Active multimodal psychotherapy in children and adolescents with suicidality: Description, evaluation and clinical profile. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13(3), 435-448. doi:10.1177/1359104507088348.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical pattern of 14 youths with presenting suicidality, to describe an integrative treatment approach, and to estimate therapy effectiveness. Fourteen patients aged 10 to 18 years from a child and adolescent outpatient clinic in Stockholm were followed in a case series. The patients were treated with active multimodal psychotherapy. This consisted of mood charting by mood-maps, psycho-education, wellbeing practice and trauma resolution. Active techniques were psychodrama and body-mind focused techniques including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. The patients were assessed before treatment, immediately after treatment and at 22 months post treatment with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. The clinical pattern of the group was observed. After treatment there was a significant change towards normality in the Global Assessment of Functioning scale both immediately post-treatment and at 22 months. A clinical pattern, post trauma suicidal reaction, was observed with a combination of suicidality, insomnia, bodily symptoms and disturbed mood regulation. We conclude that in the post trauma reaction suicidality might be a presenting symptom in young people. Despite the shortcomings of a case series the results of this study suggest that a mood-map-based multimodal treatment approach with active techniques might be of value in the treatment of children and youth with suicidality.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Suicide

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. Bergmann, U. (2011, August). Acute, chronic and complex PTSD: Exploring their neuroendocrinology and relationship to medically unexplained symptoms. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
What exactly happens on a neuroendocrine level in acute, chronic and complex PTSD? Is there a relationship between this unusual neuroendocrine profile and a number of medical disorders of unknown origin which, often, do not respond to traditional symptomatic medical treatment? This seminar will review and examine the results of extensive neuroendocrine research relative to these trauma-induced disorders. The data from these research bases will be integrated with neuroendocrine research findings regarding autoimmune compromises associated with chronic trauma. Anomalous conditions, such as Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Sjogren’s Syndrome, and Rheumatoid Arthritis will be examined. This presentation will illustrate the neuroendocrine and causal relationship between the various forms of PTSD and these medical disorders. Accordingly, the implications for treatment will be examined.

Keywords: Acute PTSD Chronic PTSD Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Medically-Unexplained Sysmptoms Neuroendocrinology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. Bergmann, U. (2012, October). Acute, chronic and complex PTSD: Exploring their neuroendocrinology and relationship to medically unexplained symptoms. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Acute PTSD Chronic PTSD Complex PTSD Medically Unexplained Symptoms Neuroendocrinology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. Barreda-Hanson, C. (2012, Septiember). Adaptación del EMDR y terapia breve centrada en el cliente para cambiar percepciones negativas y traumaticas [EMDR adaption of brief client-centered therapy to change negative and traumatic perceptions]. Presentación en la 70 Conferencia Anual del International Council of Psychologist(ICP), Sevilla, España.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
El estrés subsiguiente después de un traumatismo, representa un trastorno disfuncional – tanto interno como externo – que se manifiesta en alteraciones en el reconocimiento cognitivo y en los comportamientos, llevando además asociados síntomas somáticos, afloramiento de problemas inconscientes y ansiedades. Pues una de las características del estrés post-traumático, es precisamente la pérdida de equilibrio entre el mundo interno y externo de quien lo sufre. Por eso, ante la complejidad de las respuestas post-traumáticas, éstas se pueden catalogar en gran medida dentro de las perturbaciones psicopatológicas. El estrés psicológico surge por una situación estresante “real”, externa, tangible y la reacción ante esta difícil experiencia, evoca un conjunto bastante universal y coherente de síntomas y respuestas que provocan reacciones primitivas relacionadas con temores inconscientes ante las amenazas a la vida, que hacen aflorar incipientemente fantasías e impulsos abrumadores. Los resultados son los pensamientos disfuncionales que conducen a las respuestas y a los comportamientos desadaptativos. Objetivos: el taller está diseñado para proporcionar a estudiantes y profesionales de la Psicología – que trabajan o desean trabajar en esta área del trauma y el cambio de comportamientos -, la habilidad para utilizar eficaz y rápidamente intervenciones breves, que puedan poner en practicar incluso en casa. En el taller se estudiará la forma inicial de evaluar, tanto al trauma como a la clientela. Se trabajará la historia del trauma y se profundizará en sus consecuencias y en cómo diseñar las intervenciones breves para hacerles frente. También se centrará en averiguar qué cambios quieren los y las clientes a través de relatos y visualizaciones, utilizando una adaptación de las terapias EMDR y la Solución Enfocada tanto a crear el cambio deseado, como a mantenerlo. En consecuencia el taller es de particular interés para quienes trabajan con personas que han sufrido cualquier tipo de trauma, o quienes perciben acontecimientos de la vida, experiencias, etc. que les afectan de forma negativa en su día a día. También es útil para las personas que sufren de TOC, sobre todo trastornos del pensamiento. Los aspectos más útiles de las dos técnicas que se han adaptado junto con otras innovaciones de la autora, guardan relación con la creación de un ambiente seguro, no-traumático, que actúa rápidamente y que además, se puede realizar en casa sin peligro de consecuencias negativas. Objetivos específicos: 1. Ser capaz de describir e identificar las manifestaciones del trauma. 2. Aprender y describir dos técnicas terapéuticas breves en el tratamiento del trauma 3. Definir una técnica breve terapéutica que puede ser utilizada para fomentar el cambio 4. Destacar el rol del o de la terapeuta durante el tratamiento de los traumatismos 5. Ser capaz de describir, diseñar y establecer metas de la terapia y promover cambios mediante el uso de técnicas de terapia breve. Métodos: la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR), es un método complejo e integrador de la psicoterapia individual, mediante el que se guía al cliente utilizando un procedimiento para acceder a sus experiencias y resolver sus problemas conductuales y emocionales. El EMDR utiliza elementos de múltiples orientaciones psicoterapéuticas tanto psicodinámicas, como cognitivo- conductuales, enfoques centrados en el cliente, gestalt y bioenergéticos. La premisa subyacente de EMDR es que las experiencias de pánico y ansiedad se procesan de forma diferente por el cerebro que las experiencias habituales. La teoría subyacente es que durante el estrés, la memoria grava en una parte del cerebro responsable de las emociones de modulación (la amígdala) y se cierra temporalmente otra parte del cerebro (el hipocampo), responsable de procesamiento de la memoria normal. La experiencia traumática queda atrapada en el exterior y potencialmente no forma parte del procesamiento normal del cerebro, y el EMDR permite a la persona acceder a la experiencia y transformarla en memoria declarativa en el hipocampo. Con el método EMDR, el hipocampo se puede abrir a las emociones evocadas por la experiencia para que el/la cliente pueda soportarlas mientras se realiza el tratamiento. La distracción y la atención a la estimulación bilateral, desempeñan un importante papel que ayuda al cliente a experimentar las emociones como tolerables. Aunque cómo la distracción bilateral en concreto, facilita el procesamiento de las experiencias dolorosas, sea algo que todavía no se termina de entender. Por otra parte, las Intervenciones Breves de Terapias enfocadas al Cliente se centran en las excepciones del problema, pensando que a continuación se desarrollará un cambio natural en el comportamiento. Es una especie de visión orientada no en las formas tradicionales, sino hacia el futuro, sin profundizar demasiado en la “patología” sino más bien centrándose en lo que el sistema puede hacer para adaptarse a ella, puesto que ambos pueden decidir si esa “patología” es un problema o no lo es. Las Intervenciones de Terapia Breve enfocadas al Cliente se utilizan para resolver una variedad de problemas de comportamientos y actitudes, mediante el uso de los propios recursos de los y las clientes y las observaciones de las estrategias que utilizan para alcanzar los resultados deseados, en sus situaciones vitales habituales. Se trata de una buena técnica para establecer y mantener un contexto de cambio en el que los pequeños, pero útiles cambios, se anticipan y se buscan. En definitiva, la combinación de ambas técnicas con algunas variaciones desarrolladas por la Dra. Barreda-Hanson, han demostrado ser una herramienta poderosa para mejorar la respuesta al tratamiento en un período de tiempo más corto, teniendo también la ventaja de permitir practicar los ejercicios en casa. Aplicaciones: la aplicación habitual del EMDR ha sido el tratamiento de trastornos emocionales relacionados con eventos muy perturbadores o traumáticos. Pero también se usa para trabajar síntomas preocupantes como la ansiedad, la depresión, la culpa y la ira. E igualmente, se puede utilizar para mejorar recursos emocionales tales como la confianza y la autoestima. Procedimientos: - El taller se impartirá en español y el alumnado recibirá amplios folletos complementarios. - Se realizará en una única jornada, en sesión de mañana para teoría y de tarde para prácticas, trabajando cada modelo por separado. - Se espera que quienes asistan lleven una cuestión-problema sobre la que trabajar utilizando las diversas técnicas, pues aunque se utilizarán múltiples ej. de casos reales, se alentará a quienes participen a traer sus propias experiencias e ideas para debatir y trabajar sobre ellas.

The subsequent stress after trauma represents a dysfunctional disorder - internal and external - that is manifested in alterations in cognitive recognition and behavior, besides being associated somatic symptoms outcrop unconscious problems and anxieties. As one of the characteristics of post-traumatic stress, is the loss of balance between internal and external world of the sufferer. Therefore, given the complexity of post-traumatic responses, they can be categorized largely into psychopathological disturbances. Psychological stress arises from a stressful situation "real" external, tangible and reaction to this difficult experience, quite evokes a universal and consistent set of symptoms that cause reactions and responses primitive unconscious fears related to threats to life, which bring out fantasies and impulses incipiently overwhelming. The results are the thoughts that lead to dysfunctional responses and maladaptive behaviors. Objectives: The workshop is designed to provide students and psychology professionals - who work or want to work in this area of trauma and behavior change - the ability to quickly and efficiently use brief interventions, which may put in practice even in house. The workshop will explore how to evaluate initial both trauma as to clients. It will work history of trauma and its consequences will deepen and how design brief interventions to address them. It will also focus on finding out what changes customers want and through stories and views, using an adaptation of EMDR therapy and Solution Focused both to create the desired change, and to keep it. Thus the workshop is of particular interest to those working with people who have suffered any kind of trauma, or who perceive life events, experiences, etc.. that negatively affect them in their day to day. Also useful for persons suffering from OCD, especially disorders of thought. The most useful of the two techniques that have adapted along with other innovations of the author, are related to the creation of a safe, non-traumatic, acting quickly and also can be done at home without fear of consequences negative. Specific objectives: 1. Be able to describe and identify the manifestations of trauma. 2. Learn and describe two brief therapeutic techniques in the treatment of trauma 3. Define a short therapeutic technique that can be used to promote change 4. Outline the role of the therapist or during treatment of injuries 5. Be able to describe, design and establish goals of therapy and promote change through the use of brief therapy techniques. Methods: Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement (EMDR), is a complex and inclusive method of individual psychotherapy, which is guided by the client using a procedure to access their experiences and address their behavioral and emotional problems. The EMDR uses multiple elements of both psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approaches as cognitive-behavioral, client-centered approaches, gestalt and bioenergy. The underlying premise of EMDR is that experiences panic and anxiety are processed differently by the brain than normal experiences. The underlying theory is that during stress, gravel memory part of the brain responsible for emotions modulation (amygdala) and temporarily closes another part of the brain (hippocampus), responsible for normal memory processing. The trapped traumatic experience abroad and potentially not part of the normal brain processing, and EMDR allows people access to the experience and transform it into declarative memory in the hippocampus. With EMDR, the hippocampus can be opened to the emotions evoked by the experience that he / the client is able to bear while performing the treatment. Distraction and attention to bilateral stimulation, play an important role to help the client to experience emotions as tolerable. Although bilateral distraction how specifically facilitates the processing of painful experiences, is something that is not yet fully understood. Moreover, brief interventions focused Customer Therapies focus on the exceptions of the problem, thinking that then will develop a natural change in behavior. It is a kind of non-oriented view on traditional forms, but to the future, without going too deeply into the "pathology" but rather focus on what the system can do to adapt to it, since both can decide whether this "pathology "is a problem or not. Brief therapy interventions focused Customer are used to solve a variety of problem behaviors and attitudes, using their own resources and comments from customers and the strategies used to achieve the desired results in their situations normal life. This is a good technique to establish and maintain a context of change in that small but useful changes, anticipate and seek. In short, the combination of both techniques with some variations developed by Dr. Barreda Hanson, have proved a powerful tool for improving the response to therapy in a shorter period of time, having also the advantage of allowing in practice exercises house. Applications: the routine application of EMDR has been the treatment of emotional disorders associated with very disturbing or traumatic events. But also used to work worrying symptoms such as anxiety, depression, guilt and anger. And also, can be used to enhance emotional resources such as confidence and self-esteem. Procedures: - The workshop will be taught in Spanish and students will receive extensive additional brochures. - Will be held in a single day, in morning session and afternoon theory to practice, working each model separately. - Who are expected to attend with a question-problem on which to work using various techniques, for example, although multiple use. real cases, those involved are encouraged to bring their own experiences and ideas to discuss and work on them.

Keywords: Brief Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. Miller, R., & Tay, K. H. (2009, August). Adapting the standard EMDR protocol for clients with mild mental retardation: Some guidelines and implications. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR as a psychotherapeutic approach has been shown to be effective. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the efficacy of EMDR for clients diagnosed with mild mental retardation. The DSM-IV defines mild mental retardation as below average intelligence (IQ between 70 and 55) along with some deficiencies in adaptive functioning skills demonstrated before age 18. The purpose of our clinical project was to explore the applicability of EMDR for our adult clients (n = 12; mean age 22.5) diagnosed with mild mental retardation by adapting the standard protocol. Studies showed that individuals with mental retardation learn and retain information more effectively when materials are presented to them in a visual, concrete, and interactive manner while utilizing the principles of positive reinforcements.
The prevalence of mental health problems and the wide range of clinical symptoms among these individuals have been reported in several studies. Additionally, these adults are misunderstood as being overly limited in their ability to reap any therapeutic benefit from counseling interventions. Prout and Strohmer (1998), for instance, argued that adults with mental retardation do benefit from counseling interventions. However, they stressed the need for more sophisticated or modified use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Psychotherapeutic techniques and models should be modified, if feasible, in regards to language and cognitive levels commensurate with the clients’ background.
Based on our clinical observations, the following are some examples of proposed guidelines to assist the EMDR clinicians in thinking more creatively when adapting the standard protocol.
1) Considerable amount of preparation at the onset of EMDR is necessary, as it plays a pivotal role in ensuring a successful outcome.
2) Visual depiction of the SUDs and VOCs on a scale of 0 through 5, or 0 through 10, depending on the client’s cognitive abilities is beneficial. Use of “faces” to depict concretely various levels of distress should be made.
3) The concepts of PC and NC may be too abstract for some in this population. We assist clients by operationally defining those concepts with the list of commonly used PCs and NCs in simpler language.
4) Coping resources are sometimes limited for these adults. Clients will benefit from having multiple reinforcements of self-soothing skills thorough the installation of the “safe place” and “resources”.
5) Positive reinforcements (e.g., frequent verbal reminders) should be used regularly in sessions throughout treatment. However, be mindful of clients’ desire to please the clinician.
6) Role-playing should be used when feasible throughout treatment, e.g., during the installation of future templates, as it heightens more sensory, affective, and behavioral modes of learning rather than verbal modality alone.
Based on the treatment outcomes reported by our clients, EMDR is an effective treatment option, as evidenced by sustained reduction in their level of distress to traumatic memories. Findings from this clinical project have practice and research implications. First, the standard protocol should be adapted for use with adults with mild mental retardation to achieve optimal gain. Second, empirical research is needed to provide further evidence for the efficacy of EMDR for adults with mild mental retardation.

Keywords: Mental Retardation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2008, September). Advanced applications of EMDR in child psychotherapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation is for therapists who have learned the basic EMDR protocol and are interested in expanding their skills in using EMDR in individual treatment with children. The presentation is focused on teaching therapists to use EMDR with specific childhood diagnoses or presenting problems, including children who are gifted and children who present with symptoms consistent with ADHD, dissociation, anxiety, attachment disorders, and sexual reactivity. Therapists will also learn how to use EMDR with regulatory issues in children including sleep issues and toilet training, as well as with behavioral issues, such as school phobias within AIP Theory.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. Edgerson, L. D. (2012). Advanced trauma training: Integration of EMDR and clinical hypnosis for the effective resolution of post-traumatic stress disorder. The University of the Rockies, Colorado Spring, CO. 3539756.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Currently, the statistics associated with PTSD are staggering. Countless numbers of men, women, and children around the world are impacted every moment of every day by this extremely disruptive disorder. PTSD is very difficult to live with and can be even more challenging to resolve. A primary reason that the resolution of traumatic memories is such a challenge to treat is the fact that whenever any ounce of negative experience connected to the initial sensitizing event is sensed, the victim immediately reacts in a self-protective fashion by avoiding the experience any way he or she can. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) appears to be the treatment of choice for many mental health clinicians who attempt to help patients recover from their traumatic memories. This author believes that CBT offers some benefit with regard to an understanding of the mechanism behind post-traumatic stress, as well as offer numerous ways to manage stress related symptoms. However, it does poorly in terms of completely resolving multiple traumas or working with chronic complex cases. In addition, a CBT approach has the proclivity to make the disorder more challenging by further increasing insult on the already malfunctioning autonomic nervous system of the victim. Instead, this manual suggests the combined use of EMDR and hypnosis as a more healthy and effective therapeutic modality model that can assist most individuals who suffer from even the most severe post-traumatic stress. The combination of EMDR and hypnosis takes a holistic approach towards healing by working with the defensive systems and the complete neuroanatomical system of the human being, as opposed to against.

Keywords: Anxiety Clinical Hypnosis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Traumatic Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

30. Nielsen, T. (1991). Affect desensitization: A possible function of REMs in both waking and sleeping states. Sleep Research, 20, 10.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Recent evidence (1) that rapid eye movements (REMs) elicited systemically during psychotherapy (Eye Movement Desensitization/Reprocessing (EMD/R) produce immediate and lasting alleviation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms suggests that the REMs of REM sleep may serve a similiar affect desensitization function (1.2). Although little is known about how EMD/R works, preliminary, positive results from an independent replication (3) and several independent clinical case studies (4.5) have been reported. Exploration of the relationships between EMD/R and REM sleep may thus prove useful in understanding how both RE/R and REM sleep function to modify affect.

Keywords: Affect Rapid Eye Movements REM

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Colelli, G. (2003, September). After the World Trade Center disaster – Use of EMDR recent events protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Recent Events Protocol was used extensively in the treatment of World Trade Center survivors, first responders and recovery workers. In this workshop we will review the Recent Events Protocol and discuss the utilization in treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The workshop will describe when it is appropriate to modify the Recent Events Protocol. Clinical examples for civilian and non-civilian personnel will be presented. Specific techniques will be described on how to reprocess PTSD symptoms in 5 sessions or less even when the client has significant previous traumatic memories. The contrast in using the protocol for PTSD symptoms as compared to grief will be discussed.

Keywords: 9/11 Recent Events September 11th World Trade Center WTC

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. Edalatian-McCain, N. (2008, September). AIP model and treatment of clients with dissociative symptoms or disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Principles derived from Adaptive Information Processing, the theoretical basis of EMDR that are particularly relevant to working with clients with dissociation are discussed. These include principles that explain the development of dissociation, as well as those that inform treatment. Using case vignettes, these principles are applied to all phases of EMDR treatment, from case conceptualization to re-processing of traumas. It is shown how AIP informs the therapist of the prerequisites for successful trauma processing, needed resources, in-session tools, how to guide the client through reprocessing of the traumatic material in an adaptive way, and how to prevent re-traumatization.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Model Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Sack, M. (2006). Aktuelle befunde zu wirkfaktoren der EMDR-behandlung [Recent findings on effective factors of EMDR treatment]. Sack Website.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Das EMDR-Behandlungsverfahren (EMDR= eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) wurde von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro entwickelt und seit 1989 als manualisiertes Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung von Patienten mit Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen (PTSD) und anderen traumabezogenen Symptomen eingesetzt. Die Grundvorgehensweise besteht darin, dass der Patient in der Sicherheit einer haltgebenden therapeutischen Beziehung eine Konfrontation mit seinen traumatischen Erinnerungen erlebt. Ziel der Traumabearbeitung ist die Integration von kognitiven, emotionalen und körperlichen Reaktionen auf das Trauma indem die Erinnerungen wiederbelebt, wahrgenommen und verarbeitet werden. Anders formuliert, wird die durch das Trauma induzierte Dissoziation wieder aufgehoben. Die in der traumatischen Situation unterbrochene Verbindung zwischen Wahrnehmungen, Gedanken, Emotionen und Körperreaktionen wird wieder hergestellt. Danach erfolgt eine Bearbeitung von dysfunktionalen Kognitionen, wie z.B. von Schuldgefühlen, die auf unrealistischen Einschätzungen der traumatischen Situation beruhen (Shapiro 1998). Abweichend von der klassischen verhaltenstherapeutischen Traumaexposition werden im EMDR die Traumaexpositionsphasen nur relativ kurz (30 – 90 sec) durchgeführt und durch bilaterale Stimulierung in Form von Augenbewegungen (der Hand des Therapeuten mit den Augen folgen) oder durch alternative Berührungsreize auf die linke und rechte Hand (sog. Tapping) oder durch alternativ dargebotene Töne ausgelöst.

The EMDR treatment process (EMDR = eye movement desensitization and Reprocessing) was developed by psychologist Francine Shapiro of the American developed and since 1989 as a manualized therapies for the treatment of Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other traumabezogenen symptoms used. The basic approach is that the patient in the safety of a therapeutic relationship haltgebenden a confrontation with traumatic memories experienced. The aim of the Trauma treatment is the integration of cognitive, emotional and physical Reactions to the trauma memories revived by the perceived and processed. In other words, is induced by the trauma Dissociation rescinded. The interrupted in the traumatic situation Link between perceptions, thoughts, emotions and Reaction of the body is restored. This is followed by a treatment of dysfunctional cognitions, e.g. feelings of guilt, based on unrealistic Assessments of the traumatic situation are based (Shapiro 1998). Notwithstanding are from the classical behavioral trauma exposure in EMDR the phases of trauma exposure is relatively short (30-90 sec) and conducted by bilateral stimulation in the form of eye movements (the hand of the therapist follow with the eyes) or by alternative tactile stimuli on the left and right hand (so-called tapping) or alternatively Helping sounds triggered.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. Seidler, G. H. (2002). Aktuelle therapieansätze in der psychotraumatologie [Psychotraumatology: Recent therapy approaches]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, 48(1), 6-27.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Psychologische Behandlung von traumatischen Belastungsstörungen mit EMDR
Heutige Therapieansätze in der Psychotraumatologie Zentrum rund um das Problem der effektiven Zugang zu spezifischen Trauma-Symptome: Einbrüche; affektive Abstumpfung und Vermeidungsverhalten, Übererregung. Unter seinem Lager aus dem deutschen und amerikanischen Leitlinien PTSD-Therapie, skizziert der Artikel die wichtigsten Therapiemethoden und bewertet sie im Hinblick auf die relevanten Qualitätskriterien. EMDR, kognitiv-behavioralen Ansätzen, modifizierte psychodynamische Methoden und Trauma-adaptierten stationären Psychotherapie können so lange empfohlen werden, da sie in Verbindung mit stabilisierenden Elemente-Therapie eingesetzt werden. Normalerweise sind weitere therapeutische Interventionen auch notwendig, Zeichnung auf traditionelle Methoden für die Integration des Traumas in den Patienten-Biographie. [Abstract Autor]

Present-day therapy approaches in psychotraumatology center around the problem of effective access to specific trauma symptoms: intrusions; affective blunting and avoidance behaviors; hyperarousal. Taking its bearings from the German and American PTSD therapy guidelines, the article outlines the most important therapy methods and assesses them in terms of relevant quality criteria. EMDR, cognitive/behavioral approaches, modified psychodynamic methods, and trauma-adapted inpatient psychotherapy can be recommended as long as they are used in conjunction with stabilizing therapy elements. Normally, further therapeutic interventions are also necessary, drawing on traditional methods for integrating the trauma into the patient's biography. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Review Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

35. Sinici, F., Erden, H. G., & Yurttas, Y. (2009, October). Akut stres bozuklu¤unda bir müdahale tekni¤inin uygulanabilirli¤i: Göz hareketleri ile duyars›zlaflt›rma ve yeniden ‹flleme (EMDR) [Applicability of an intervention technique in acute stress disorder: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Yeni Symposium Journal, 47(4), 178-186.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Akut stres bozukluğu, Türkiye'de giderek artan ve kişinin hayat kalitesini oldukça bozabilen bir sorundur. Bu konuyla ilgili olarak yapılan çalışmalarda hangi tedavi şeklinin daha yararlı olduğu konusunda kesin bir karara varılamamıştır. Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: EMDR] tekniği, travmatik anıların birkaç uygulama oturumunda çözümlenebileceğini ifâde eden bir yaklaşımdır. EMDR oturumlarında hastadan yaşadığı bir travma sahnesi hayâl etmesini, olumsuz benlik imajı, travma ile ilgili olumsuz duyguları ve beden duyumlarını aklında tutması istenmektedir. Hastaya çift taraflı uyarı verilmektedir [gözün sağa sola hareketi, sağ ve sol kulağa verilen ses veya sağ ve sol ele verilen titreşim vb.]. Daha sonra danışana ortaya çıkan görüntü, duygu ve fiziksel duyumları anlatmaktadır. Bu tekrarlanan işlemler hastadaki olumsuz düşünce ve duygular duyarsızlaşıncaya kadar devam etmektedir. Olumsuz duygu ve düşüncelerin yerini olumlu duygu ve düşünceler almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı hastaların hayat kalitelerini bozan ve travma sonrasındaki ilk 4 hafta içinde aşırı korku, çaresizlik veya duygusal tepkisizlikle beraber, diğer belirtilerin de görülebildiği akut stres bozukluğunun tedavisinde yeni bir yöntem olan ve 2 yıldır aktif olarak uyguladığımız göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme [EMDR] tekniği konusunda yazılmış literatür bilgilerini gözden geçirerek bu konuda son yaklaşımların ortaya konulmasını sağlamaktır. Bununla birlikte EMDR tekniğinin yaygınlaştırılarak faâl olarak kullanılması hem hastalar hem de uygulayıcılar açısından büyük yararlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Acute stress disorder is a syndrome that significantly disturbs the quality of life and has been increasingly observed in Turkey. Although there are many studies on this subject, there is no consensus about the best treatment choice. Eye Movements Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR] technique is a novel approach that helps to resolve traumatic memories in a few sessions. In EMDR sessions, patients are asked to think about the trauma scene that has occurred and keep the negative self image and negative feelings about the trauma and bodily feelings in mind. Bilateral stimulation is presented to the patient [right and left movement of the eye, sound to right and left ear and vibration to right and left hand etc]. Later arising images express the feelings and physical sensations. This procedure is repeated until desensitization to negative thought and feelings are achieved. Negative thought and feelings are replaced by positive thought and feelings. Purpose of this study is to review the studies in literature and describe the up-to-date approaches about EMDR technique which is a novel method in treatment of acute stress disorder that disturbs patient quality of life and presents with excessive fear, desperation, emotional desensitization and other symptoms within 4 weeks following the trauma and we have been using this treatment method frequently for more then 2 years. Nevertheless widespread and effective use of EMDR will provide considerable benefit for both patients and the performers.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Behavior Therapy Emotional Disorder Eye Movement Fear Human Memory Disorder Psychologic Assessment Quality of Life Review Stimulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. Phillips, M. (2002, June). All for one and one for all: Integrating EMDR, ego-state therapy and energy psychology. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One of the most challenging barriers to healing from past trauma is the inner conflict triggered by dissociative fragmentation. This workshop presents several ways of synthesizing ego-state therapy, EMDR and energy psychology methods to resolve competing inner needs and reactions and promote more integrated functioning within a comprehensive four stage model. Specific protocols incorporating ego-state work, EMDR and meridian (energy) techniques will be demonstrated and practiced. Special emphasls will be given to the resolution of mind/body symptoms that interface with trauma.

Keywords: Ego State Therapy Energy Psychology Meridian Therapy Mind/Body

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. Formenti, L. (2008, Novembre). Alleanza terapeutica nel trattamento di bambini vittime di disastri collettivi [Therapeutic alliance in the treatment of child victims of mass disasters]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nel lavoro verrà trattata la centralità dell’alleanza terapeutica in un intervento sul trauma effettuato su bambini vittime di disastri collettivi. L’autore illustrerà come tale alleanza risulta essere propedeutica al trattamento con EMDR e quanto sia fondamentale, per una piene riuscita della terapia, la creazione di un’alleanza allargata, che raggiunga anche i genitori e più in generale tutte le figure di accudimento che ruotano attorno ai bambini. Offrire supporto psicologico e EMDR ai genitori, infatti, accresce l’efficacia del trattamento nei bambini in quanto: • L’accordo con i genitori sulle attività terapeutiche che verranno svolte e sugli obiettivi di tale intervento, facilita il lavoro del terapeuta nella fase di preparazione del bambino. • La psicoeducazione fatta al genitore permette a quest’ultimo di aiutare il proprio bambino nello sviluppo di risorse aggiuntive per il contenimento emotivo, utili sia in fase di preparazione che durante la vera e propria elaborazione del trauma. • Il benessere del genitore porta ad una risoluzione più rapida della sintomatologia del bambino, spesso determinata o aggravata proprio dall’intuizione del bambino circa il disagio del genitore e dal suo tentativo di porvi rimedio. Tutto ciò verrà esposto con l’ausilio di due casi clinici di bambini trattati a seguito dell’incidente avvenuto in data 8 maggio 2007 a Stroppiana (VC) nel quale un pullman contenente tutti i bambini della scuola elementare si è ribaltato. 39 bambini sono sopravvissuti, 2 hanno perso la vita.

The work will be treated the centrality of the therapeutic alliance in a speech carried on trauma on child victims of collective disaster. The author illustrates how this alliance appears to be preparatory treatment with EMDR and the fundamental for a full success of therapy, the creation of an enlarged alliance, which also reaches parents and more generally all caregivers that revolve around children. Offer psychological support and EMDR to Parents, in fact, increases the effectiveness of treatment in children because: • The agreement with parents about therapeutic activities to be carried out and the objectives of such intervention, the therapist facilitates the work in preparing the child • The parent psychoeducation made to allow him to help your child development of additional resources for emotional content, useful both during preparation and during the actual processing of the trauma • The welfare of the parent leads to a more rapid resolution of symptoms of child, often determining or increasing the child's own intuition about the inconvenience the parent and its attempt to remedy. This will be explained with the help of two clinical cases of children treated after incident occurred on 8 May 2007 Stroppiana (VC) in which a bus containing all primary school children was overturned. 39 children survivors, 2 have died.

Keywords: Children Mass Disaster Therapeutic Alliance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. Leeuwenkamp, J. (2005). Als tijd niet heelt [If time does not heal]. Beter, 5, 58-59,61.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Tijd heelt niet alle wonden. De moeder die haar eigen kidn zag voronglukken. Het kind dat meerdeere malen s misbruikt. Het moment dat de overvaller de een mes op de keel drukte. Herinneringen die zo anstaanjagend of verdrietig zijn, dat ze j eleven depalen. De radeloze angst, woede, paniek, het blokkeert je voledig. Geen therapie die helpt. Of toch wel? Over een methode waarbij het verdriet blijft, maar de klachten verdwijnen.

Time heals all wounds is not. The mother saw her own kidn voronglukken. The child s more deere times abused. When the robber of a knife pressed to the throat. Memories so anstaanjagend or sad, they j depalen Eleven. The desperate anxiety, anger, panic, it blocks your full dot LDC. No therapy helps. Or is it? A method whereby the grief remains, but the symptoms disappear.

Keywords: Anxiety Panic

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. de Roos, C., & Went, M. (2011, April). Als woorden tekort schieten: EMDR bij preverbaal trauma [When words fail: EMDR for pre-verbal trauma]. Presentatie op de 5e jaarlijkse conferentie van EMDR Vereniging, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Infants (0-4 jarigen) kunnen allerlei traumatische gebeurtenissen meemaken zoals intrusieve medische handelingen, een ongeluk, seksueel misbruik en andere vormen van mishandeling. Daarnaast zijn er negatieve ervaringen die niet duidelijk identificeerbaar zijn zoals chronische oorpijn- of buikpijn. Ook deze ervaringen beinvloeden de ouder-kind interactie/ hechtingsrelatie en hebben daarmee hun weerslag op het vermogen tot emotieregulatie en het gedrag. Herinneringen aan deze gebeurtenissen zijn preverbaal en dus niet op bewust nivo toegankelijk. Daardoor worden zij gemakkelijk over het hoofd gezien als mede-oorzaak of instandhoudende factor van emotionele of gedragsproblematiek in de basisschoolleeftijd. Na aanmelding bij de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg wordt behandeling daarom vaak gericht op de aanpak van de huidige gedragsproblematiek (symptoombestrijding). Onze ervaring is dat EMDR hier een goede aanvulling biedt. Deze methode richt zich immers op de ‘onderlaag’ van de problematiek door negatieve ervaringen die hieraan gerelateerd zijn te verwerken. Daarna kan een inhaalslag gemaakt worden met betrekking tot de emotieregulatie waardoor zowel gedrag als de ouder-kind interactie verbeteren. Aan de hand van casuïstiek van infants en schoolkinderen wordt de indicatiestelling en toepassing getoond van het EMDR protocol bij de behandeling van kinderen die in de eerste 4 levensjaren getraumatiseerd zijn. In de presentatie wordt geillustreerd hoe de ‘verhalenmethode’ geintegreerd kan worden in een breder behandelaanbod. Werkvorm In de presentatie worden theorie en praktijk gecombineerd. Videobeelden ondersteunen het verhaal.

Infants (0-4 years), all kinds of traumatic experience as intrusive medical procedures, accidents, sexual abuse and other forms ofof abuse . There are also negative experiences that are not clearly identifiable as chronic ear pain or abdominal pain. These experiences affect the parent-infant interaction / attachment relationship and thus have their impact on the capacity for emotion regulation and behavior. Memories of these events are preverbal and not accessible on a conscious level. Thus they are easily overlooked as a cause or co-maintaining factor of emotional or behavioral problems in primary school. After reporting to the Mental Health Treatment is therefore often aimed at addressing the current behavioral problems (symptoms). Our experience here is that EMDR provides a good addition. This method is focused on the 'layer' of the problem by negative experiences related to this process. Then caught up with regard to both behavior and emotion regulation allowing the parent-child interactions improve. Through case studies of infants and schoolchildren being shown the indication and application of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of children who are traumatized life on April 1. The presentation illustrated how the 'stories'method can be incorporated into a broader range of treatment. Form In the presentation combines theory and practice. Video images support the story.

Keywords: Infants Children Pre-Verbal Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Staff. (2002, November/December). Alternative treatments for anxiety disorders: EMDR. Triumph Newsletter.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: The alternative therapy addressed in this article is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) developed by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D. in 1987. One day, while walking in a park, Dr. Shapiro made a connection between her involuntary eye movements and the reduction of her negative thoughts. She decided to explore this link and began to study eye movements in relation to the symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by the development of symptoms after exposure to a traumatic event. Symptoms can include re-experiencing the event - either in flashbacks or nightmares - avoidance of reminders of the event, feeling jumpy, having difficulty sleeping, having an exaggerated startle response, and experiencing feelings of detachment.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Lovett, J. M. (1998). Am I real?: Mobilizing inner strength to develop a mature identity. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st ed.) (pp. 191-216). New York: Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Chris was a 44-year old woman who had extremely low self-esteem, depression, panic attacks, and symptoms of dissociation when she began EMDR-facilitated therapy. Eye movement was used initially to reinforce healthy beliefs, physical sensations, and feelings related to experiences of safety, competence, well-being, and success based on prior learning. EMDR was then employed to target painful memories of childhood scenes with her parents, as well as erroneous beliefs and feelings of intense anxiety. Although none of the memories targeted occurred before age 5, the "white empty feeling" that was targeted seemed to represent the earlier deprivation. The desired positive cognition "I am significant" became the "umbrella cognition" containing various "sub-cognitions" (such as "I am loveable," "I deserve respect," and "I can take care of my needs").As Chris reprocessed traumatic childhood memories with EMDR, more and more of these sub-cognitions were integrated. Progress was not linear, but reprocessing the client's issues as she presented them gradually led to a more stable, flexible, and resilient sense of self. Eventually, the negative self-assessments dissipated. After 18 sessions Chris felt strong and confident, fully present, and eager to be involved in intimate relationships that were based on mutual respect. [Text, pp. 215-216] [Pilots]

Keywords: Adults Americans Anxiety Disorders Case Report Child Abuse Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Females Life Experiences Neglect Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Esteem Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. Wartik, N. (1994, Aug 7). The amazingly simple, inexplicable therapy. Los Angeles Magazine, 9.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
I've just seen a demonstration taped during the course of a recent study, of what's probably the most controversial psychotherapy in use today. In 1989, the first articles about an improbable-sounding tech nique for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (F'ISD) appeared in the psychological literature. PTSD. an anxiety disorder with a multitude of mental and physical symptoms, strikes after an ordeal such as rape. combat. chid abuse or natural disaster and can permanently scar a psyche. But with little more than a wave of the hand, it seemed, Eye Movement Desensitizatior. and Reprocessing (EMDR) could undo trauma's tormenting effects in a remarkably short time, sometimes in a single session. The procedure, originated by psychologist Francine

Keywords: General Mary Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. Tibaldi, M. (1996, June). Analytical psychology and EMDR: “active imagination” and “eye movements” in Jungian practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this paper I shall be talking about the integration of eye movements in Jungian analysis. I am going to open my paper with a short historical premise, in order to frame Carl Gustav Jung's analytical psychology within the broader context of depth psychologies; then I shall be describing the most important concepts of Jungian model and the methodology of active imagination, explaining, to the end, through a short clinical example, the reasons why I have been induced to integrate 'eye movements' and 'active imagination' in the analytical setting, to process, in particular, 'opaque' somatic symptoms. The aim of this paper is to point out, on the one hand, the surprising affinity among some aspects of the Jungian model, EMDR and the results of contemporary neuro-scientific trauma researchs and to show, on the other hand, the synergic effect of eye movements and active imagination in enlightening and unconscious sufferings.

Keywords: Analytical Psychology Jung

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Selvig, A. L. (2004). Analyzing individual patterns of change in two treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. University of Georgia.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Two therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have received considerable support in the clinical literature: prolonged imaginal exposure (PE) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Although PE is empirically supported, its critics purport that it causes symptom exacerbation. In contrast, proponents of EMDR claim that its response pattern is characterized by rapid decline in symptoms. The current investigation aimed to study and compare the patterns of symptom change during PE and EMDR using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). HLM avoids many shortcomings inherent in traditional longitudinal analyses by focusing on trajectories of change rather than group means. 62 women with PTSD following rape were randomly assigned to 9 sessions of PE or EMDR. Results indicated that neither group experienced symptom exacerbation nor rapid symptom decline. The patterns of symptom change in the two groups were not significantly different. The strengths and limitations of HLM and the studys design were discussed.

Keywords: Patterns of Change PE Prolonged Exposure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. Darker-Smith, S. (2008, June). Anorexia nervosa: CBT versus EMDR (A preliminary study). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In treating clients with Anorexia Nervosa, what does appear to be consistent is the general view (e.g. Waller; Treasure; Brewer) that recovery will take on average between 1 to 2 years with many clients suffering from this disorder never making a full or complete recovery. 16 clients with a previous diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and under medical supervision with a BMI of between 16.5 ï¿½ 18 and still meeting criteria of Anorexia Nervosa (DSM IV) were offered either EMDR (N.10) or CBT (N. 6). No therapeutic emphasis was placed directly on food in either the CBT or the EMDR group (e.g. Fairburn). Those receiving EMDR recovered substantially quicker once the target memory precipitating the Anorexic Onset was identified. Interestingly, food intake and weight increased without needing to be targeted as a separate matter, once the ï¿½feeder-memoryï¿½ had been adapted in 8 out of the 10 EMDR clients. Whilst the CBT group did improve, they continued to fluctuate in terms of active anorexic patterns of behaviour and their weight or food intake did not appear to improve significantly. Although this is only a preliminary study, the EMDR group reached ï¿½recoveryï¿½ at around the 3 ï¿½ 4 month mark, compared to the CBT group, who still reported phobic reactions to both body-image and food at the 4 month mark. At the initial 1- month follow-up post-study, the CBT group were still exhibiting symptoms of mental pre-occupation with diet / weight compared to the EMDR group, who had reached normal BMI ranges (N. 9) and all reported little to no pre-occupation with diet / weight. It would appear, on the basis of this preliminary study that the precipitators to the development of Anorexia respond well to EMDR treatment targeting the precipitant memory. Furthermore, 6 of the EMDR group reported using the safe-space imagery to reduce their anxieties surrounding food and this may have been a contributory factor in their recovery.

Keywords: Anorexia Nervosa CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Lupo, W., Plans, B., & Seijo, N. (2010, Abril). Aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento del Trauma (PTSD) [EMDR in the application of trauma treatment (PSTD)]. In EMDR: Un abordaje integral de la personalidad traumatizada (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el Congreso Internacional sobre Avances en Tratamientos Psicológicos, Granada, Spain .

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR es un modelo de terapia, que se basa en el procesamiento adaptativo de la información (AIP). Además de desensibilizar, se trata de transformar la memoria afectada por el trauma, en la que las experiencias disfuncionales queden definitivamente en el pasado e integrarlas al presente de una forma adaptativa. En el trastorno de estrés postraumático y en el DESNOS, encontramos una memoria fragmentada, con un alto nivel de activación psicofisiológica, una dificultad en regular los afectos y con los síntomas intrusivos y evitativos vinculados a las experiencias. El procedimiento de EMDR, consta de 8 fases y mostraremos su aplicación en la presentación de un caso clínico de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático.

EMDR therapy is a model that is based on adaptive processing information (AIP). Desensitize addition, it is transformed memory affected by trauma, which experiences dysfunctional are definitely in the past to the present and integrate adaptive way. In posttraumatic stress disorder and in the DESNOS, found a fragmented memory, with a high level of activation psychophysiological a difficulty in regulating emotions and intrusive and avoidant symptoms linked to experiences. The EMDR procedure consists of eight phases and show its application in presenting a case of PTSD.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. Lupo, W., Plans, B., & Seijo, N. (2010, Abril). Aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento del Trauma (PTSD) [EMDR in the application of trauma treatment (PSTD)]. In EMDR: Un abordaje integral de la personalidad traumatizada (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el Congreso Internacional sobre Avances en Tratamientos Psicológicos, Granada, Spain .

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Grozdanko, G., & Simonovic, M. (2003, May). The application of EMDR in different stages of the evolution of the PSTD symptoms. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Srivastava, U., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2008, September). Application of EMDR in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A case study. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(2), 163-172.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article presents a case study applying Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in major depressive disorder. The study describes the application of Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model in the treatment of major depressive disorder and explores the use of EMDR with a 30 year old woman experiencing depressive symptoms with 3 suicidal attempts in 5 years. Due to strong negative reactions to psychiatric medicines, her treatment was discontinued several times and she was referred for psychotherapeutic intervention. After 9 EMDR treatment sessions, her depression was completely cured; her coping improved and other symptoms of anxiety and social withdrawal were completely controlled. Effects were checked and found maintained up to 6 months follow up. The clinical implications of application of EMDR have been explored.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Bilateral Stimulation BLS Case Study Depression EMs Eye Movements Major Depressive DIsorder Somatic Symptoms BHUJ experience.

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Application of mindfulness for impulse control and self harm. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Self harm presents a risk in using EMDR with emotionally vulnerable clients, due to the dangers of their immediate behaviours. However, often these behaviours are in response to deep-seated memories linked to traumas, which with the help of EMDR could safely be processed once the impulsive and risky behaviours are controlled. Mindfulness has been utilised by the Author as a stabilisation method of reducing dissociation in clients, prior to trauma processing (CEP conference – Darker-Smith, 2005). More recently, the author has discovered that the application of mindfulness and imagery techniques work more effectively for clients with tendencies for self-harm, compared to alternative behavioural techniques designed to distract from or substitute for impulsive desires to self-harm (e.g.., the use of ice cubes or elastic bans, to create a distraction from the impulse). Two groups were studied in the process of treating co-morbid symptoms for alternative conditions with EMDR, ranging from eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma, prior to EMDR processing. For clinical reasons, clients with depression, personality disorders and other Axis 2 disorders were not included in this study due to contraindications in current research relating to Mindfulness. Participants self-harming behaviours related to superficial cutting, punching, and burning. Group 1 consisted of six clients who were offered alternative behavioural techniques (e.g., elastic bands or ice cubes) to distract or substitute for the desire for self-harm. Group 2 consisted of eight clients who were offered mindfulness techniques, including imagery meditations to distract or substitute for the desire to self harm. The groups were distributed as evenly as possible and no major emphasis was placed on the treatment of self-harming behaviours, instead being placed on the major problems (anxiety, eating disorder or trauma).
The Group (1)[consisted of 6 persons:(3 with Anxiety, 3 with Eating Disorders, 1 with Trauma)] who were offered suitable behavioural techniques utilised them effectively when their distress levels were mild (between 1-4 on a 0-8 behavioural scale), however, reverted back t self harming behaviours (e.g., cutting, burning, pinching) when distress levels reached 5 or higher. The Group (2)[consisted of 8 persons: (3 with Anxiety, 4 with Eating Disorders, 1 with Trauma)] who were offered aspects of Mindfulness training to facilitate tolerance of distressing emotions and being aware of the active moment did not tend (on average) to revert back to self-harming behaviours, choosing instead to utilise mindfulness methods (such as 3-minute breathing space).
Conclusion: Mindfulness is more effective as impulse control for self-harming behaviours than behavioural alternative strategies and can be utilised as a form of stabilisation in combination with controlling impulsive behaviours, prior to EMDR.

Keywords: Impulse Control Mindfulness Poster Self Harm

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. De Divitiis, A. M. (2010, June). Application of resource development and installation (RDI) in delivery preparation in order to prevent post partum depression. In Female issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
According to the latest statistical evidence Post-Partum Depression develops in approximately 13% of women during the second -third month after childbirth with symptoms lasting between few weeks and a year and risks of relapse. Unlike the Baby Blues (affecting 70% of mothers, with onset in the 3'd - 6" day after delivery and spontaneous recovery within approximately two weeks), likely to be caused basically by hormone modifications in the immediate aftermath of childbirth. PPD development would seem to be solely determined by psychological factors: the experience of childbirth, the surfacing of unresolved problems in the relationships with attachment figures, the change in the woman's role both in the social sphere and within the couple relationship, the fear of being unable to adequately attend to the new responsibilities (both in terms of skills and of the ability to cope with the additional workioad), etc. Consequently, women experiencing childbirth as a traumatic experience are more destabilized by the event, and therefore. at a higher risk of developing PPD. Childbirth requires the deployment of many personal resources. A woman in labor must be able to bear the pain, while having to "push", 1.e. contrast the automatic antalgic reaction (which would close the delivery channel) and "meeting the pain", during the "expulsion" phase. Considering that "Peak Performances" require moving out of a person's comfort zone and stretching a person's boundaries, childbirth experience can be rightfully considered a "Peak Performance". This work describes RDI application times and modes during Delivery Preparation in order to strengthen the different personal resources needed by pregnant women to experience her childbirth as an ego syntonic experience. In this sense, RDI associated with EMDR can be considered an actual Primary Prevention intervention, capable of teaching women something positive about themselves, thus effectively offsetting the onset of PPD. Furthermore the results of the application of this technique collected during the Post-Partum phase on 48 women will be discussed. Learning objectives: 1 identification of the specific issues predisposing the development of PTSD due to Childbirth and of Post-Partum Depression. 2. Framing Childbirth as a Peak Performance. 3 Learning RDI (Resource Development and Installation) application through Bilateral Stimuli during Delivery Preparation Courses.

Keywords: Delivery Preparation Female Issues Resource Development and Installation RDI Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. De Divitiis, A. M. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dello sviluppo e installazione delle risorse (RDI) nella psicoprofilassi al parto finalizzata alla prevenzione delle depressione post partum (DPP) [Application of resource development and installation (RDI) in psychoprophylaxis geared to the prevention of postpartum depression(DPP)]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Dagli ultimi dati statistici risulta che la Depressione Post Partum viene sviluppata da circa il 13% delle puerpere nel corso del secondo – terzo mese successivi al parto e la durata dei sintomi varia da qualche settimana ad un anno, con rischi di recidiva. A differenza del Baby Blues (colpisce il 70% delle puerpere, insorge in III – VI giornata e si risolve spontaneamente nell’arco di un paio di settimane), imputabile essenzialmente alle fisiologiche modificazioni ormonali (calo degli estrogeni e progesterone) dell’im-mediato post partum, lo sviluppo della DPP sembrerebbe invece essere determinata da fattori di natura strettamente psicologica: l’esperienza del parto, il riemergere di problematiche irrisolte nelle relazioni con le figure di attaccamento, il cambiamento di ruolo della donna sia nell’ambito sociale che all’interno della coppia, il timore di non essere in grado di attendere adeguatamente alle nuove responsabilità (sia sul piano delle proprie capacità, che del nuovo carico di fatica fisica), ecc. Le donne che hanno vissuto il parto come esperienza traumatica risultano essere maggiormente destabilizzate da tale evento e quindi maggiormente esposte allo sviluppo della DPP. Il parto richiede alla donna il reclutamento di molteplici risorse personali. Nel corso del “travaglio” la donna deve riuscire a contenere il dolore, mentre nella fase dell’“espulsione” le viene richiesto inoltre di “spingere”, ossia di contrastare una reazione antalgica automatica (che chiuderebbe il canale da parto) per andare invece “incontro al dolore”. Se consideriamo che le “Prestazioni di Picco” si caratterizzano per essere “al di fuori” del proprio ambito di sicurezza, di agio e di conforto, nel tentativo di oltrepassare il limite estremo delle proprie capacità, l’esperienza del parto può essere inscritta a pieno titolo nelle “Prestazioni di Picco”. Nel presente lavoro vengono descritte le modalità e i tempi di applicazione del RDI nel corso della Preparazione al Parto, finalizzata al rafforzamento delle diverse risorse personali di cui ogni gestante ha bisogno per poter vivere il parto come esperienza egosintonica. In tal senso l’RDI, tramite EMDR, è da considerarsi un vero e proprio Intervento di Prevenzione Primaria, in grado di insegnare alle donne qualcosa di positivo riguardo sé stesse, contrastando efficacemente l’insorgere della DPP. Verranno esposti, inoltre, i risultati dell’applicazione di tale tecnica su 48 gestanti, raccolti nella fase del Post Partum.

The latest statistics show that postpartum depression is developed by about 13% of mothers during the second to third months after delivery and the duration of symptoms varies from few weeks to a year, with risks of recurrence. Unlike the Baby Blues (affects 70% of mothers, occurs in III - VI day and resolves spontaneously within a couple of weeks), largely because of the physiological hormonal changes (decline in estrogen and progesterone) of IM-mediated post-partum, the development of the DPP seems to be determined by factors strictly psychological: the experience of childbirth, the resurgence of unresolved issues in relations with attachment figures, the changing role of women both in social the couple, the fear of not being able to wait adequately to new responsibility (both in terms of its ability, that the new burden of physical labor, etc.). Women who have experienced childbirth as a traumatic experience become more undermined by this event and, therefore, at greater risk of developing the DPP. The birth of the woman requires the recruitment of many personal resources. During the "Labor" the woman must be able to contain the pain, while in phase the 'expulsion' is the also required to "push", i.e. a reaction to counter analgesic automatic (which close the channel by birth) to go instead "to meet the pain." If we consider that "Peak Performance" are characterized by being "outside" the extent of its security, ease and comfort, in an attempt to go beyond the bounds of their abilities, experience delivery can be fully inscribed in the "peak performance". The present paper describes the methods and timing of application of RDI during the preparation for childbirth, which aims to reinforce the various personal resources which each pregnant woman needs to live the experience of childbirth as ego syntonic. In this sense, the RDI, through EMDR is considered true primary prevention interventions that can teach women something positive about themselves to effectively counter the rise DPP. Will be exposed, in addition, the results of applying this technique on 48 pregnant women, collected at the stage of post-partum.

Keywords: Postpartum Depression RDI Resource Development and Installation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. Villa, M., & Sangiovanni, L. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dell’EMDR ad una nuova popolazione: I pazienti posturali con dolore cronico e con deficit percettivi [Applying EMDR to a new population: Patients postural with chronic pain and perceptual deficits]. Presentazione al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Lo studio riguarda l’applicazione dell’EMDR ai Pazienti affetti da “Sindrome da deficit posturale” (Da Cuña). Il problema coinvolge il 10% della popolazione, di cui il 15% è sintomatico. È di difficile inquadramento, dato che i sintomi somatici che presenta coinvolgono tutti e tre i versanti delle regolazioni automatiche: dolori muscolo-scheletrici migranti, derivanti da disordini posturali; pseudovertigini, da deficit di localizzazione spaziale; disturbi cognitivi (fino alla dislessia), da alterata integrazione percettiva. Le modalità compensatorie a tali deficit possono investire la sfera psicologica (senso profondo di inadeguatezza, ansia, depressione...), sviluppare atteggiamenti strategici di evitamento (agorafobia da deficit di orientamento spaziale), spingere a interpretare reazioni fisiche come se fossero psicologiche (attacchi di panico, enuresi notturna…). Proprio il sottile intreccio tra aspetti somatici e psicologici rende complessa la diagnosi; può capitare infatti che un paziente con problemi di questa natura si rivolga a un terapista somatico (posturologo, osteopata…), che non coglie il problema. Abbiamo così messo a punto un sistema diagnostico che riconosca se l’aspetto psichico sia conseguenza di un vero disturbo somatico o se invece sostenga una serie di somatizzazioni tendenzialmente derivanti da traumi. Nell’uno o nell’altro caso, l’utilizzo dell’EMDR può essere risolutivo: evidentemente sul versante traumatico, ma pure per la desensibilizzazione delle convinzioni negative derivate dalle strategie psicologiche reattive al deficit somatico. Metodi. La valutazione diagnostica e le variazioni sintomatologiche sono state effettuate con DSMIV, SWAP-200, SCL90-R, TAS 20, VAS, anamnesi posturologica, kinesiologia, posturodinamica, riflessi primitivi e sensoriali, valutazione osteopatica, Maddox, stabilometria basale e con challenges). Risultati. Gli interventi su misura hanno ridotto la sintomatologia, come è rappresentato dalle rilevazioni effettuate e dai feedback dei pazienti. La conoscenza integrata, sia che il primo approccio sia psicologico o posturale, consente una diagnosi accurata e dunque una strategia terapeutica sinergica efficace che permette di sbloccare terapie cronicizzate.

The study concerns the application of EMDR in patients with "postural deficiency syndrome" (Da Cuna). The problem affects 10% of the population, of which 15% are symptomatic. It is classification difficult, because the somatic symptoms presenting involving all three sides automatic adjustments: musculoskeletal pain migrants from postural disorders; pseudovertigini, spatial localization deficit, cognitive problems (up to dyslexia), from altered perceptual integration. The methods compensatory these deficits can invest the ball psychological (deep sense of inadequacy, anxiety, depression ...), develop attitudes strategic avoidance (agoraphobia deficit spatial orientation), push to interpret physical reactions as if they were psychological (panic attacks, nocturnal enuresis ...). Just the subtle interplay between somatic and psychological aspects makes it difficult to diagnose and can in fact happen that a patient with problems of this nature, please ask a somatic therapy (Posture, osteopath ...), who misses the problem. We have thus developed a diagnostic system that recognize if the appearance is the result of a true mental disorder or whether it supports somatic a series of somatization tendency resulting from trauma. In either case, use EMDR can be resolutely on the side obviously traumatic, but also for desensitization of the negative beliefs derived from psychological strategies responsive to deficit somatic. Methods. The diagnostic evaluation and symptom changes are were made with DSMIV, SWAP-200, SCL90-R, TAS 20, VAS, history Posture, kinesiology, posturodinamica, primitive reflexes and sensory evaluation osteopathic, Maddox, stabilometry baseline and challenges). Results. Tailored interventions have reduced symptomatology, as represented by the surveys conducted and feedback from patients. The integrated knowledge, whether the first approach is psychological or postural, allows a diagnosis accurate and therefore a therapeutic strategy that allows you to unlock synergistic effective therapies chronic.

Keywords: Chronic Pain Perceptual Deficits

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. De Sensi Fontera, A. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dell’EMDR i soggetto di 9 anni affetto da ADHD [Applying EMDR the subject of 9 years with ADHD]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
L’EMDR è stato applicato in un caso di una ragazza d’anni nove, Iris, affetta da ADHD (DSM – IV F90. 0). L’EMDR è stato integrato in un percorso di psicoterapia classica e con interventi sull’interazione dei sistemi Famiglia, Sanità, Scuola. L’EMDR è stato rivolto anche alle figure parentali per elaborare alcuni degli eventi traumatici che avevano contribuito allo sviluppo del disturbo nella bambina e, in particolare, per la madre sulla diagnosi. Il ruolo dell’EMDR è stato significativo nella risoluzione dei sintomi e ha contribuito all’efficacia dell’intervento complessivo. E’ stato particolarmente efficace per la risoluzione della “coazione a ripetere” e per l’integrazione intrapsichica della personalità d’Iris.

EMDR has been applied in a case of a girl of nine years, Iris, who suffers from ADHD (DSM -- IV F90. 0). EMDR has been integrated into a course of psychotherapy and classical interventions interaction of the family system, Health, School. EMDR has been addressed also to the figures parental to process some of the traumatic events that had contributed to the development of disorder in children and, in particular, for the mother on the diagnosis. The role of EMDR was significant in the resolution of symptoms and has contributed to the effectiveness of the intervention overall. It 'been particularly effective for the resolution of the "repetition compulsion" and Integration Intrapsychic personality of Iris.

Keywords: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. De Marco, A. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dell’EMDR nel lutto complicate-resoconto di un caso clinico [Application EMDR in complicated grief-reporting of clinical case]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
L’articolo si propone di evidenziare l’efficacia dell’EMDR nei casi di lutto, in particolare quando questo evento implica un trauma psicologico, che interferisce con il normale processo di elaborazione della perdita. Si delinea allora una situazione definita “lutto complicato o traumatico”, che determina una elaborazione complessa dell’evento luttuoso bloccandone la sua risoluzione. Una perdita traumatica sconvolge le capacità di coping della persona e pregiudica le sue facoltà di adattamento, aumentando il disagio e complicando l’elaborazione dell’evento. Laddove il lutto acuto è dominato dal trauma, l’impiego dell’EMDR facilita il passaggio il passaggio attraverso le varie fasi dell’elaborazione del lutto e favorisce l’assimilazione e l’adattamento alla perdita. Ad illustrare quanto enunciato dal punto di vista teorico viene presentato un caso clinico, nel quale un lutto complicato, strettamente connesso a sintomi depressivi, viene sbloccato e ricondotto ad un normale processo di elaborazione grazie all’applicazione dell’EMDR su un solo targhet specifico. La paziente, una giovane donna di 24 anni, presentava un disturbo distimico di gravità moderata, con spunti ansiosi. Non prendeva psicofarmaci. Qualche anno prima le era stato diagnosticato un disturbo di panico con agorafobia e aveva assunto Lexotan per un certo periodo. Sono stati somministrati appositi test psicologici, all’inizio e al termine della terapia finalizzata all’elaborazione del lutto. Un altro re-test è stato fatto a distanza di un anno circa.

The article aims to highlight the effectiveness of EMDR in cases of bereavement, particularly when this event involves a psychological trauma, which interferes with the normal process of elaboration of the loss. It then outlines a situation as "complicated grief or traumatic, determines a complex event processing mournful blocking its resolution. A traumatic loss upsets the coping skills of the person and impairs his ability to adaptation, increasing the discomfort and complicating the development of the event. where the mourning is dominated by acute trauma, the use EMDR facilitates the passage through the various stages of mourning and promotes assimilation and adaptation to loss. Illustrate what is stated by the theoretical point of view is presented a clinical case in which a complicated grief, which is closely linked to depressive symptoms, is unlocked and returned to a normal process by applying EMDR on one target specific. The patient, a young woman of 24 years, had a dysthymic disorder of moderate severity, with ideas anxious. Not taking psychotropic drugs. A few years earlier had been diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia and had taken Lexotan for a certain period. Appropriate psychological tests were administered at the beginning and end of therapy aimed elaboration of mourning. Another re-test was done at a distance of about one year.

Keywords: Complicated Grief Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Verzolatto, N. (2008, Novembre). Applicazioni patriche dell'EMDR in ambito ospedaliero [Applications practice EMDR in hospitals]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In ambito ospedaliero l’intervento psicologico presenta peculiarità che rispondono ad alcune caratteristiche come : - la velocità di intervento; - l’ esigenza di applicare protocolli rapidi ed efficaci. La necessità della rapidità è data dal fatto che il paziente allettato è generalmente in sofferenza fisica (spesso è presente dolore) oltre che psicologica e quindi non disponibile ad indagini ed interventi di tipo tradizionale (come assesment prolungati o studio approfondito della biografia); l’efficacia è intesa nel senso che gli strumenti devono centrare la domanda dell’inviante, che solitamente non è il paziente ma il reparto di degenza, e devono intervenire sul disagio del paziente che spesso esprime sintomi specifici. Generalmente i motivi per i quali vengono richieste le consulenze sono ascrivibili ad alcune precise categorie diagnostiche quali: -PTSD e PTSD sottosoglia. Riguardano generalmente: le comunicazioni di diagnosi gravi e/o prognosi infausta, sia nel paziente che nel familiare; eventi traumatici quali la violenza sessuale e domestica, traumi per incidenti, traumi per ricoveri in reparti particolari come le Stroke Unit o le Unità di Rianimazione). -disturbi d’ansia e DAP. Rientrano in questa categoria le consulenze per le fobie per sala operatoria, per l’anestesia, la paura del non risveglio e i timori per esiti del post-interveto (per es. nel caso di prostatectomie o laringectomie). Nei casi sopra citati l’uso dell’EMDR diventa spesso lo strumento d’elezione per le peculiarità proprie che rispondono perfettamente alle caratterizzazioni sopra citate. Nell’workshop si confronterà l’esperienza di tale attività e si discuterà di come l’uso dell’EMDR risponda per efficacia e velocità alle esigenze sopra esplicitate.

Psychological intervention in the hospital has special features that meet certain characteristics such as: - The speed of intervention; - 'S need to implement protocols for rapid and effective. The need for speed is the fact that the patient is usually bedridden physical suffering (pain is often present) as well as psychological and therefore not available to traditional investigations and interventions (such as prolonged or assesment study of the biography); effectiveness is understood that the instruments must hit dell'inviante demand, which is usually not the patient but the ward and must act on the discomfort of the patient often expresses specific symptoms. Usually the reasons for which are claimed are attributable to some specific advice diagnostic categories such as: -PTSD and subthreshold PTSD. Generally relate to: the Communications Diagnostic serious and / or poor prognosis, both in the patient in family trauma such as sexual and domestic violence, trauma caused by accidents, trauma admissions to particular departments as the Stroke Unit or the Intensive Care Unit) . -Anxiety disorders and CAD. This category includes advice for phobias to the operating room, anesthesia, fear of not waking up and fears of post-surgical outcomes (eg. In the case of prostatectomy or laryngectomy). In the above cases the use EMDR is often the tool of choice for the special features that perfectly meet the above characterizations. Nell'workshop you compare the experience of this activity and will explore how to use EMDR effectiveness and speed to meet the requirements spelled out above.

Keywords: Hospitals Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Lovett, J. M. (1996, June). Applying EMDR to physical illness, injury, and symptoms in adults and children: Applications of EMDR in treating medical conditions in children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Adults Children Injury Physical Illness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. Casadaban, A. (1996, June). Applying EMDR to physical illness, injury, and symptoms in adults and children: EMDR protocol for the assessment and treatment of physical phenomena with selected applications. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Level I. Targeting of Physical Symptoms or Triggers. Installing of Positive States Use this level when: client readiness and safety factors are met. the experience of the symptom(s) is distressing to the client. a limited number of therapy sessions is available. the client does not necessarily have an awareness of the causes or functions of the symptoms. the client is not aware of a trauma related to the symptom. w the assessment does not reveal trauma related to the symptom. w trauma or other complicating issues are identified but the client's stability or circumstances does not tolerate Level I1 or 111, and client and therapist can devise ways to contain upsetting issues which may come up. the client wants to try for symptom relief without deeper processing. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Injury Physical Illness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Klaus, P. (1996, June). Applying EMDR to physical illness, injury, and symptoms in adults and children: The use of EMDR to unlock the potential for healing. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Adults Children Injury Physical Illness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. Klaus, P., & Casadaban, A. (1996, June). Applying EMDR to physical illness, injury, and symptoms in adults and children: The use of EMDR with physically challenged individuals. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Injury Physically Challenged Individuals Physical Illness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. Greenwald, R. (1994, Winter). Applying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to the treatment of traumatized children: Five case studies. Anxiety Disorders Practice Journal, 1(2), 83-97.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed psychotherapy method that appears to increase efficiency in treating traumatized psychological disturbance. Applications to child treatment were explored in five case studies of children suffering from post-traumatic symptoms several months after Hurricane Andrew. Subjects were treated with one or two EMDR sessions, until Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUDS) went to 0. Follow-up parent interviews at one and four weeks post-treatment found all subjects returning to pre-trauma levels of functioning, with additional improvement in some cases. Further study is recommended. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Females Hurricane Andrew (1992) Hurricanes Males School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

62. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & Meijer, S. (2011). Approche des deux méthodes: Un modèle de conceptualisation de cas dans le contexte de l’EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(1), 12–21. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.1.E12.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cet article décrit un modèle complet qui permet d’identifier des souvenirs cibles essentiels pour le traitement EMDR. L’“Approche des deux méthodes” peut s’appliquer à la conceptualisation et à la réalisation du traitement pour une large gamme de symptômes et de problèmes autres que ceux qui sont directement en lien avec l’ESPT. Le modèle se compose de deux types de conceptualisation de cas. La Première méthode s’applique aux symptômes permettant de préciser de manière significative les événements étiologiques ou aggravants sur une ligne du temps. Elle est principalement destinée à la conceptualisation et au traitement de troubles de l’Axe I du DSM-IV-TR. La Seconde méthode est utilisée pour identifier les souvenirs qui sous-tendent les croyances fondamentales dysfonctionnelles. Cette méthode est principalement destinée à traiter les formes plus graves de psychopathologie, comme la phobie sociale sévère, l’ESPT complexe ou les troubles de la personnalité. Les deux méthodes de conceptualisation de cas sont expliquées point par point, en détail, et sont illustrées par des exemples de cas.

This article describes a comprehensive model that identifies key target of memories for the treatment EMDR. The "approach of the two methods " can be applied to the conceptualization and implementation treatment for a wide range of symptoms and problems other than those directly related PTSD. The model consists of two types of case conceptualization. First method applies to specific symptoms for significantly Events causative or aggravating on a timeline. It is mainly intended for the conceptualization and treatment of disorders of Axis I DSM-IV-TR. The second method is used to identify memories that underlie dysfunctional core beliefs. This method is primarily intended to address the more serious forms of psychopathology such as social phobia severe complex PTSD or personality disorders. Both methods of conceptualizing cases are explained point by point in detail and are illustrated by case examples.

Keywords: Case Conceptualization Model

Accuracy Verified: Yes

63. Weiner, M., & Mullaney, D. (2006). Are 'the basics' more important than innovation?. Addiction Professional, 4(2), 1-58.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Behavioral Health of the Palm Beaches (BHOPB) is a residential alcoholism and drug abuse treatment facility in Lake Worth, Florida. The desire to provide the best possible treatment for our patients has led us to seek innovative treatment interventions. Examples include Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for patients with symptoms of trauma and acupuncture for patients with chronic pain. Tailored interventions are also available for addicts with co-occurring chronic anxiety, unresolved anger, or grief issues. The desire to discover how well our patients have done led us to track a random sample of 90 patients for one year. Data were collected between August 2002 and December 2004. We were eager to determine an overall success rate, as well as the impact of our innovative interventions. Patients were contacted by telephone three months, six months, nine months, and one year from their date of discharge. We learned that 53% of the sample completed one year of continuous recovery. We believe these results understate patients' overall success. The essentials for treatment are discussed.

Keywords: Alcoholism Drug Abuse Drug Rehabilitation Health Care Services Residential Care Institutions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

64. Royle, L., & Kerr, C. (2010, March). Are EMDR therapists at greater risk of developing secondary traumatic stress disorders?. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Therapists who come into contact with traumatised individuals are at risk of absorbing their distress resulting in their own psychological injury. There is a variety of factors that increase the likelihood of this happening and it can be argued that the EMDR therapist is exposed to many more of these factors than the generic therapist or counsellor. The presenters hope to raise awareness of these risks as the first step in addressing them and reducing the stigma in admitting to secondary trauma. As well as being provided with a theoretical overview of secondary trauma, participants in this workshop will be encouraged to consider their own level of risk and practical steps they can take to reduce this. The workshop will provide an overview of psychological injury constructs including Compassion Fatigue, Vicarious Trauma and Burnout along with a description of signs and symptoms of secondary trauma. Current recommendations for treatment options are outlined and an example is given of how EMDR can be used to successfully treat secondary trauma in the therapist.

Keywords: Burnout Compassion Fatigue Vicarious Trauma Secondary Traumtic Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

65. Haycock, R. D. (2009). Arming commanders to combat PTSD: A time for change – Attacking the stressors vice the symptoms. School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Arming Commanders to Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by COL Robert D. Haycock, US Army, 53 pages. Just as war is not a new phenomenon, neither are the issues associated with the mental and emotional scars combat brings to those who fight a nation’s wars. Historically, the United States has assumed a reactive vice proactive posture as it relates to coping with the fiscal, and humanistic challenges that manifest within a nation at war, and those who experience the trauma of combat. The Army has proven slow to respond to the need to train and educate its leaders and instead has devoted vast capital on the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attacking the symptoms as they arise, vice attacking the stressors which cause the affliction. The invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan and the deployment of forces throughout the world to combat terror, however, have created conditions whereby PTSD is again in the lime-light. This monograph examines PTSD from a historical perspective reviewing the manner in which the Army viewed, assessed, and treated those afflicted with PTSD as well its methods for training and educating those honored with the opportunity to lead these warriors in battle. This monograph highlights existing shortfalls in assessment, training, doctrine, and education as it relates to those commanding at the battalion-level. The Army does not properly prepare battalion commanders for the complexities of coping with PTSD in their units nor arm them with the tactics, techniques, and procedures necessary to mitigate the effects of PTSD on the combat effectiveness of their units and the soldiers that fill the ranks. The Army should implement more rigorous assessment programs for units deployed to identify those at risk of PTSD or demonstrating stress-related symptoms before the mental well-being of the soldier is dramatically affected and treatment becomes more difficult. Further, the Army should review and update existing doctrine and training techniques (Battlemind training) to focus specifically on commanders at the battalion level. The Army must demonstrate a linkage between doctrine, training and education, enhance efforts to consolidate PTSD resources for ease of access, and revise strategic communications procedures to reduce stigmas associated with PTSD. The Army must arm its tactical commanders with the tools to address the stressors associated with PTSD in order to preserve the force and ensure its effectiveness in the ambiguous and complex environment which appears to best characterize the way ahead.

Keywords: Combat Military Monograph Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

66. Puliatti, M., Fiacchi, S., & Silipigni, F. (2007, July-September). Aspetti psicologici e psicoterapia delle donne con cistite interstiziale. Terapia cognitivo-comportamentale e EMDR: Un approccio integrate [Psychological aspects and psychotherapy of women affected by interstitial cystitis. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR: An integrated approach]. Medicina Psicosmatica, 52(3), 101-104.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La cistite interstiziale, malattia cronica e rara, si presenta con gli stessi sintomi della cistite “classica”: bruciore, dolori al basso ventre, necessità di urinare di frequente (fino a 60 volte tra giorno e notte), urgenza minzionale spesso associata ad incontinenza, algie vaginali tali da provocare un’impossibilità ad avere rapporti sessuali. Viene quindi coinvolto tutto l’apparato uro-genitale ed il pavimento pelvico, il dolore risponde difficilmente in modo soddisfacente ai più comuni antidolorifici. La cistite interstiziale è una sindrome multifattoriale, in cui convergono eventi stressanti, sintomi psicologici e disordini della funzione urinaria. L’approccio terapeutico dovrebbe quindi essere di tipo integrato urologico, ginecologico, fisico-riabilitativo e psico-sessuologico.In questo lavoro viene presentato un modello di trattamento che integra l’approccio cognitivo comportamentale e l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Questi due approcci se usati in sinergia garantiscono un trattamento ad ampio raggio dei fattori disfunzionali che favoriscono e mantengono tale sintomatologia.

Interstitial cystitis, chronic and rare disease, shows the same symptoms as cystitis "classic" burning, lower abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate (up to 60 times between day and night), urgency often associated with incontinence , vaginal pains which cause an inability to have sex. It then involved the entire apparatus urogenital and pelvic floor, the pain difficult to respond satisfactorily to the most common painkillers. Interstitial cystitis is a multifactorial syndrome, which converge in stressful events, psychological symptoms and disorders of the urinary function. The therapeutic approach should be integrated type of urology, gynecology, physical rehabilitation and psycho-sessuologico.In this paper we present a treatment model that integrates cognitive behavioral el'EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). These two approaches when used together provide a wide-ranging treatment of the factors that foster and maintain this dysfunctional symptoms.

Keywords: Interstitial Cystitis Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

67. Puliatti, M., Fiacchi, S., & Silipigni, F. (2007). Aspetti psicologici e psicoterapia delle donne con cistite interstiziale. Terapia cognitivo-comportamentale e EMDR: un approccio integrato [Psychological and psychotherapy for women with interstitial cystitis. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR: An integrated approach]. Medicina Psicosomatica, 52(3), 111-117. .

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La cistite interstiziale, malattia cronica e rara, si presenta con gli stessi sintomi della cistite “classica”: bruciore, dolori al basso ventre, necessità di urinare di frequente (fino a 60 volte tra giorno e notte), urgenza minzionale spesso associata ad incontinenza, algie vaginali tali da provocare un’impossibilità ad avere rapporti sessuali. Viene quindi coinvolto tutto l’apparato uro-genitale ed il pavimento pelvico, il dolore risponde difficilmente in modo soddisfacente ai più comuni antidolorifici. La cistite interstiziale è una sindrome multifattoriale, in cui convergono eventi stressanti, sintomi psicologici e disordini della funzione urinaria. L’approccio terapeutico dovrebbe quindi essere di tipo integrato urologico, ginecologico, fisico-riabilitativo e psico-sessuologico.In questo lavoro viene presentato un modello di trattamento che integra l’approccio cognitivo comportamentale e l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Questi due approcci se usati in sinergia garantiscono un trattamento ad ampio raggio dei fattori disfunzionali che favoriscono e mantengono tale sintomatologia.

Interstitial cystitis, chronic and rare disease, shows the same symptoms as cystitis "classic" burning, lower abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate (up to 60 times between day and night), urgency often associated with incontinence , vaginal pains which cause an inability to have sex. It then involved the entire apparatus urogenital and pelvic floor, the pain difficult to respond satisfactorily to the most common painkillers. Interstitial cystitis is a multifactorial syndrome, which converge in stressful events, psychological symptoms and disorders of the urinary function. The therapeutic approach should be integrated type of urology, gynecology, physical rehabilitation and psycho-sessuologico.In this paper we present a treatment model that integrates cognitive behavioral EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). These two approaches when used together provide a wide-ranging treatment of the factors that foster and maintain this dysfunctional symptoms.

Keywords: Interstitial Cystitis Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

68. Edmond, T., & Rubin, A. (2004). Assessing the long-term effects of EMDR: Results from an 18-month follow-up study with adult female survivors of CSA. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13(1), 69-86. doi:10.1300/J070v13n01_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This 18-month follow-up study builds on the findings of a randomized experimental evaluation that found qualified support for the short-term effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The current study provides preliminary evidence that the therapeutic benefits of EMDR for adult female survivors of CSA can be maintained over an 18-month period. Furthermore, there is some support for the suggestion that EMDR did so more efficiently and provided a greater sense of trauma resolution than did routine individual therapy. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

69. van der Kolk, B. A. (1999, November). Assessment and treatment of complex PTSD. Specialty training course presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
While most research on PTSD has studied subjects exposed to single trauma, in clinical practice the vast majority of treatment seeking patients have histories of multiple traumas, usually interpersonal, abuse. This gives rise to complex clinical pictures, of which PTSD is just one dimension. The Trauma Center in Boston is a large, multidisciplinary, developmentally focused Clinic which specializes in the treatment of traumatized children and adults. Our clinic uses a developmentally based assessment tool which helps in the staging of appropriate treatment interventions. Special emphasis is placed on providing patients with skills to deal with complex trauma-based symptoms, such as dissociation, by teaching stablization with DBT techniques, psychoeducational groups, resource installation, SIT, and body-oriented methods, in which patients are taught skills to increase their internal locus of control. We will review the rationale for various psychopharmacological interventions and the role of groups to enhance the capacity for mutual relationships. All treatment occurs on the foundation of continuity of care with one individual therapist who follows the patient’s progress,explores life issues, helps deal with re-enactment behaviors, and does trauma-specific treatment, such as EMDR or CBT for alleviation of trauma-specific symptoms. This conference will explore these issues in depth and discuss in detail the staging and applications of various treatment techniques in clinical practice.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

70. Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, W. (2007). Assessment of psychophysiological stress reactions during a traumatic reminder in patients treated with EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 15-23. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.15.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study investigates changes of stress-related psychophysiological reactions after treatment with EMDR. 16 patients with PTSD following type I trauma underwent psychometric and psychophysiological assessment during exposure to script-driven imagery before and after EMDR and at 6-month follow-up. Psychophysiological assessment included heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during a neutral task and during trauma script listening. PTSD symptoms as assessed by questionnaire decreased significantly after treatment and during follow-up in comparison to pretreatment. After EMDR, stress-related HR reactions during trauma script were significantly reduced, while HRV indicating parasympathetic tone increased both during neutral script and during trauma script. These results were maintained during the follow-up assessment. Successful EMDR treatment may be associated with reduced psychophysiological stress reactions and heightened parasympathetic tone. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Germans Manual-Based Treatments Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

71. Pham, T., & Willocq, L. (2005, June). Assessment of traumatic stress among incarcerated homicide perpetrators. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Homicide perpetrators present a high prevalence of major mental disorders, particularly major depression associated with a substance diagnostic, and schizophreny (Cote & Hodgins, 1992). Recently, it has been suggested that the homicide behaviour itself may be conceived as a traumatic event generating multiple symptoms (Gray, et a1., 2003; Pollock. 1999}. This study assesses the relations between homicide and traumatic stress in a Belgian prison population, on the basis of a self-report questionnaire (SASRQ). Therapeutic implications of the results and relevance of EMDR practice in homicide populations will be discussed.

Keywords: Homicide Incarceration Perpetrators Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

72. Cavazos, M. A. (2012, June). Atracción al mismo sexo no deseada como sintomatología de memorias traumáticas: presentación de tres casos tratados con EMDR [Not desire same sex attraction as traumatic memories symptomatology: Three cases treated with the EMDR approach]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The cases presented show three patients that searched for clinical help, since they lived their sexual attraction as something dysfunctional and ego dystonic. The therapist clinically conceptualized this symptomatology as a probable result of traumatic memories, conceptualization which was finally adequate. This presentation will show three not desired sexual attraction cases treated with the EMDR approach. Cases follow-up - two months to one year and a half after treatment completion- is presented in a testimonial video from each client. Treatment phases 1,3,5,7 and 8 will clearly show similarities in the three client’s symptoms as well as the process evolution through traumatic memories reprocessing.

Los casos que se presentan se refieren a tres pacientes que llegaron a consulta debido a que vivían su atracción sexual como algo disfuncional y ego-‐ distónico, de ahí que la terapeuta conceptualizó clínicamente que esa sintomatología se podría deber a memorias traumáticas, conceptualización que resultó ser acertada. Estos pacientes fueron tratados con el abordaje psicoterapéutico EMDR, con un seguimiento -‐que va desde los 2 meses al año y medio de haber terminado su proceso psicoterapéutico. Se presentará un video testimonial de cada uno de los pacientes y se hablará sobre las fases 1, 3,5,7, y 8 del tratamiento, en donde se podrán observar con claridad la similitud y coincidencia en la sintomatología de los tres pacientes, así como la evolución del proceso a través del reprocesamiento de las memorias traumáticas con EMDR.

Keywords: Same Sex Attraction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

73. Richman, S., & O'Connor, M. (2013, March). Attachment and trauma. Presentation at the annual workshops EMDR Association UK & Ireland and AGM, Newcastle.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Presents case studies of children and adults who have experienced early attachment disruptions that have adversely affected their development and relationships in childhood and later life. They will discuss the consequences of early attachment disruptions on relationships and learning and the ways in which the 8 phases of the EMDR protocol have to be adjusted to accommodate different attachment styles. They will discuss treatment strategies stemming from the eight-phase EMDR protocol for clients of all ages suffering from attachment disruptions, linking the effect of attachment trauma to dissociative symptoms and other developmental problems. They will also give attention to how the Adaptive Information Processing Theory addresses the impact of attachment trauma.

Keywords: Attachment Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

74. Liotti, G. (2012, June). Attachment, psychotherapy and EMDR [Apego, psicopatología y EMDR]. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The defense system (freezing-‐fight-‐flight-‐feigned death), that is set into motion in every individual by the exposure to any event that threatens life or bodily integrity in the self or in significant others, is terminated after the event is over by mental and interpersonal processes involving the soothing and security-‐ seeking system (attachment). If the functions of the attachment system are hindered by memories (internal working model, IWM) of early attachment interactions with neglecting or abusive caregivers, the defense system may remain active for long periods of time after the traumatic event is over. Insecure and especially disorganized IWMs of early attachments, together with the unavailability of social support after the trauma, are thus risk factors for developing the symptoms of post-‐traumatic stress disorders. This lecture dwells on the main features of attachment disorganization, on the negative interference of attachment disorganization in the therapeutic relationship, and on the reasons why the characteristic patient-‐therapist relationship in EMDR interventions can be instrumental in by-‐passing such negative interference.

El sistema de defensa (respuesta de inmovilización-‐lucha-‐huída-‐muerte fingida) que se pone en marcha en toda persona por la exposición a cualquier incidente que amenaza su vida o la integridad física o las de sus allegados llega a su fin tras el incidente mediante procesos mentales e interpersonales implicados en el sistema de tranquilizar y la búsqueda de seguridad (apego). Si las funciones del sistema de apego se ven impedidas por los recuerdos (el modelo del funcionamiento interno, IWM, por sus siglas en inglés) de interacciones precoces de apego con cuidadores negligentes o abusivos, es posible que el sistema de defensa permanezca activo durante períodos prolongados después de que el evento traumático haya terminado. Así, los IWM inseguros y especialmente desorganizados del apego temprano, junto con la falta de apoyo social tras el incidente traumático, se convierten en factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de síntomas de los trastornos postraumáticos. Esta conferencia se centra en los rasgos esenciales de la desorganización del apego, en la interferencia negativa de la desorganización del apego en la relación terapéutica y en los motivos por los cuales la relación característica entre paciente y terapeuta en las intervenciones con EMDR pueden ser instrumentales para puentear dicha interferencia negativa.

Keywords: Attachment Keynote

Accuracy Verified: Yes

75. El Khoury-Malhame, M., Lanteaume, L., Beetz, E. M., Roques, J., Reynaud, E., Samuelian, J. C., Blin, O., Garcia, R., & Khalfa, S. (2011, September). Attentional bias in post-traumatic stress disorder diminishes after symptom amelioration. Behavior Research and Therapy, 9(11), 796-801. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.08.006.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Avoidance and hypervigilance to reminders of a traumatic event are among the main characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Attentional bias toward aversive cues in PTSD has been hypothesized as being part of the dysfunction causing etiology and maintenance of PTSD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cognitive strategy underlying attentional bias in PTSD and whether normal cognitive processing is restored after a treatment suppressing core PTSD symptoms. Methods: Nineteen healthy controls were matched for age, sex and education to 19 PTSD patients. We used the emotional stroop and detection of target tasks, before and after an average of 4.1 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Results: We found that on both tasks, patients were slower than controls in responding in the presence of emotionally negative words compared to neutral ones. After symptoms removal, patients no longer had attentional bias, and responded similarly to controls. Conclusion: These results support the existence of an attentional bias in PTSD patients due to a disengagement difficulty. There was also preliminary evidence that the disengagement was linked to PTSD symptomatology. It should be further explored whether attentional bias and PTSD involve common brain mechanisms.

Keywords: Attentional Bias Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

76. Krause, R., & Kirsch, A. (2006, Oktober). Auf das verhältnis zwischen traumatisierung, amnesie und symptom stress - Eine empirische pilotstudie [On the relationship between traumatization, amnesia and symptom stress - An empirical pilot study]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, 52 (4), 392-405.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Ziele: In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir mimisches Verhalten bei akut traumatisierten Patienten, EMDR-Therapie. Darüber hinaus untersuchten wir, ob eine Abnahme der emotionalen Betäubung wurde aufgrund einer Verringerung der Symptome. Amnestische Tendenzen waren als Moderator-Variable benutzt. Methode: Das mimisch affektive Verhalten wurde kodiert mit dem Emotional Facial Coding System Acting, ein Instrument zur Erfassung von mimischen mit emotionaler Bedeutung. Die Gesichts-affektive Verhalten der Patienten das erste und letzte EMDR-Sitzung wurde verglichen. Ergebnisse: Ein signifikanter Anstieg in Mitten affektive Verhalten sowie eine Zunahme der psychischen Beschwerden gefunden. Darüber hinaus hat die Reduzierung der amnestischen Tendenzen nicht zu einer Verringerung der Symptome führen. Schlussfolgerungen: Unter dem Einfluss der Behandlung ist es möglich, den Zugang zu episodische affektive Gedächtnis zu verbessern. Dennoch kann einen positiven Einfluss nicht am Ende der Behandlung bezeichnet werden.

Objectives: In the present study we examined facial affective behavior in acutely traumatized patients undergoing EMDR therapy. Furthermore, we analyzed Whether a decrease in emotional numbing was due to a reduction of symptoms. Amnestic tendencies were used as a moderator variable. Methods: The facial affective behavior was coded using the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. The facial affective behavior of the patient's first and last EMDR session was compared. Results: A significant increase in facial affective behavior as well as an increase in mental complaints were found. Furthermore, the reduction in amnestic tendencies did not result in a reduction of symptoms. Conclusions: Under the influence of the treatment it is possible to improve access to episodic affective memory. Nevertheless, a positive influence can not be denoted at the end of the treatment.

Keywords: Amnesia Empirical Study Facial Affective Behavior Facial Expressions Memory Quantitative Study Trauma Traumatization Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

77. Kirsch, A., & Seidler, G. H. (2004). Ausdruck und erleben von emotionen bei der posttraumatischen belastungsstörung: Erste ergebnisse einer studie mit gewaltopfern [Expression and experience of emotion in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: First result of a study with victims]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, ZPPM 2(1), 45-60.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Emotionale Betäubung (EN) in PTSD ist ein Cluster von schwächenden Symptomen mit Problemen in der Erfahrung und dem Ausdruck von Emotionen. EN ist in drei separate diagnostischen Kriterien dargestellt: deutlich vermindertes Interesse an wichtigen Aktivitäten, Gefühle der Ablösung oder Entfremdung von anderen, und eingeschränkte Bandbreite des Affekts. Die funktionale Beziehung zwischen anderen Klassen von PTSD Symptome und EN ist nicht gut verstanden. In diesem Artikel werden verschiedene Studien diskutiert werden. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Patienten mit psychischen Erkrankungen eine spezifische Wechselwirkung Muster implementieren, die in der Gesichts-affektiven Ausdruck und äußerte sich vor allem in Gesichts-affektiven Mikro-Verhalten. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Pilot-Studie war die Analyse von Gesichts-affektive Verhalten von Patienten mit PTSD im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen. Erste Ergebnisse der ersten EMDR-Sitzungen auf Video aufgezeichnet von Patienten und psychodynamischen Interviews von gesunden Personen (keine psychische / psychiatrische Störungen nach ICD-10) wurden mit dem codierten Emotional Facial Coding System Acting, ein Instrument zur Erfassung von mimischen mit emotionaler Bedeutung. Danach wurden diese Analysen mit Blickverhalten verbunden. PTSD Patienten zeigten eine Verringerung der gesamten Mimik und eine verminderte Häufigkeit von Gesichts wirkt im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen. Unter dem Blickverhalten in Betracht, wurde es offensichtlich, dass PTSD Patienten zeigten Anteil sank gegenseitigen Blick im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen. Außerdem war der Gesichtsausdruck affektiven Ausdruck von vier Patienten (Eltern, die durch den gewaltsamen Tod ihrer Kinder beraubt) erste und letzte EMDR-Sitzung verglichen. Eine leichte Erhöhung des Gesichts affektiven Ausdruck gefunden wurde. [Autor Summary)

Emotional numbing (EN) in PTSD is a cluster of debilitating symptoms involving problems in the experience and expression of emotion. EN is represented in three separate diagnostic criteria: markedly diminished interest in significant activities, feelings of detachment or estrangement from others, and restricted range of affect. The functional relationship between other classes of PTSD symptoms and EN is not well understood. In this article different studies will be discussed. It is assumed that patients with mental diseases implement a specific interaction pattern, that is expressed in the facial affective expression and particularly in facial-affective micro-behaviours. The aim of the presented pilot-study was the analysis of facial-affective behaviour of patients with PTSD in comparison to healthy persons. First results of videotaped first EMDR sessions of patients and psychodynamic interviews of healthy persons (absence of mental/psychiatric disorder according to ICD-10) were coded using the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. Afterwards these analyses were connected with gazing behaviour. PTSD patients showed a reduction of overall facial expressions and a reduced frequency of facial affects in comparison to healthy persons. Taking the gazing behaviour into consideration, it became obvious that PTSD patients showed decreased portion of mutual gaze compared to healthy persons. Furthermore, the facial affective expression of four patients' (parents bereaved by the violent deaths of their children) first and last EMDR session was compared. A slight increasing of facial affective expression was found. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Crime Emotional Numbing Interpersonal Interaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

78. Leiner, A. S., Kearns, M. C., Jackson, J. L., Astin, M. C., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2012, January). Avoidant coping and treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,80(2), 317-321. doi: 10.1037/a0026814.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract: Objective: This study investigated the impact of avoidant coping on treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Adult women with rape-related PTSD (N = 62) received 9 sessions of prolonged exposure (PE) or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The mean age for the sample was 34.7 years, and race or ethnicity was reported as 67.7% Caucasian, 25.8% African American, 3.2% Latina, and 3.2% other. PTSD was assessed with the PTSD Symptom Scale–Self-Report (Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993), and avoidant coping was assessed using the Coping Strategies Inventory–Disengagement subscale (CSI-D; Tobin, Holroyd, Reynolds, & Wigal, 1989). Results: Pretreatment avoidant coping was negatively associated with posttreatment PTSD symptom severity even when controlling for initial severity of total PTSD symptoms and when removing PTSD avoidance symptoms from the analysis to account for potential overlap between avoidant coping and PTSD avoidance symptoms: ΔR2 = .08, b = −0.31, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.01], t(60) = −2.27, p = .028. The CSI-D pretreatment mean score of 100 predicted a 96% likelihood of experiencing clinically significant change (CSC) during treatment. A CSI-D pretreatment score of 61 was associated with a 40% likelihood of experiencing CSC. Conclusions: PE and EMDR appear to be beneficial for women who frequently engage in avoidant coping responses following rape. A small subset of women with initially low levels of avoidant coping are unlikely to experience a therapeutic response from PE or EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Rape Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

79. Sachsse, U., & Tumani, V. (1999, November). Be borderline! A successful inpatients’ treatment program for (type II) traumatized female patients with PTSD/DES/BPD and the symptom of self-mutilation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Using therapeutic experiences from the USA (Herman, Putnam, Ross) and the Netherlands (Olthuis, van der Hart) Luise Reddemann (Bielefeld) and Ulrich Sachsse(Goettingen) developed an inpatients’ program for female and some male patients with symptoms, that result from type II traumata, fulfill the phenomenological criteria of BPD and are understood as chron. PTSD/DES. The program utilizes the coping strategies of the patients for stabilisation: splitting (building up an only good world of safety, support and shelter against the only bad, demonized world of trauma); derealisation, dissociation(imagery); depersonalisation (Qi Gong, Feldenkrais). We tell and teach our patients: Be Borderlines- but inside, not in your outer social life or your therapeutic relationship! Trauma-synthesis is done after stabilisation by trauma-exposition every two weeks (EMDR, screen-technique). The patients stay for 3-5 month, sometimes twice, with very good results.

Keywords: BPD Borderline Personality Disorder DES Females Inpatient Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Self-Mutiliation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

80. Diehle, J., Beer, R., Boer, F., & Lindauer, R. J. L. (2011, April). Behandeleffecten van traumagerichte cognitieve gedragstherapie en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) [Treatment effects of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Symposia op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Achtergrond: Dagelijks raken veel kinderen betrokken bij ongelukken, brand, (seksueel) geweld, pesten, of andere ingrijpende gebeurtenissen. Het meemaken van dergelijke gebeurtenissen kan leiden tot een posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTSS). ptss gaat gepaard met hoge comorbiditeit, slechtere schoolprestaties en heeft een negatieve invloed op het lichamelijk herstel van kinderen (Winston 2003). In internationale richtlijnen wordt traumagerichte cognitieve gedragstherapie (TG-CGT) voor de behandeling bij kinderen aanbevolen en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is beoordeeld als veelbelovend (nice 2005). Onderzoeksresultaten naar de effecten van deze behandelingen bij kinderen zijn nog steeds schaars (Stallard 2006). Doel: Binnen een pilotonderzoek worden de behandeleffecten van TG-CGT en EMDR bij kinderen vastgesteld. Methoden: Op een poliklinische afdeling zijn gegevens verzameld van 20 kinderen tussen de 8 en 18 jaar met posttraumatische stressklachten en van hun ouders. Van deze kinderen hebben 10 een behandeling met TG-CGT ondergaan en 10 een behandeling met emdr. Bij kinderen en ouders zijn zowel voor als na de behandeling behandeling de klachten in kaart gebracht met behulp van een diagnostisch interview en verschillende vragenlijsten. Voor het stellen van de diagnose ptss en comorbide diagnosen is het Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for dsm-iv-Child Version (adis-c) afgenomen. Tevens werden de Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), de Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS) en de Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) afgenomen om angstklachten en gedragsproblemen te meten. Resultaten: Traumaklachten zijn zowel in de EMDR-groep alsook in de TF-CBTgroep afgenomen. Gedetailleerdere resultaten worden tijdens het congres besproken. Conclusie Zowel TG-CGT als emdr blijkt effectief te zijn bij het verhelpen van ptssklachten bij kinderen.

Background: Daily affects many children involved in accidents, fires, (sexual) violence, bullying, or other major events. The experience of such events can lead to a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is associated with high comorbidity, poorer school performance and has a negative impact on the physical recovery of children (Winston 2003). International guidelines is trauma-focused Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-TG) recommended for the treatment of children and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been rated as promising (Nice 2005). Research the effects of these treatments children are still scarce (Stallard 2006). Purpose: In a pilot investigation the treatment effects of TG-CBT and EMDR in children established. Methods: In an outpatient department Data were collected from 20 children between 8 and 18 years with post traumatic stress symptoms and their parents. Of these children have a treatment with 10 undergoing TG-CBT 10 and treatment with EMDR. In children and parents before and after treatment treatment complaints mapped using a diagnostic interview and several questionnaires. For the diagnosis of PTSD comorbid diagnoses and the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Child Version (ADIS-C) decreased. Also, the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and (SDQ) were administered to measure anxiety and behavioral problems. Results: Trauma Complaints are both in the EMDR group and the TF-CBT-groep decreased. More detailed results be discussed during the congress. Conclusion: Both TG-CBT and EMDR appear to be resolving the ptssklachten in children.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

81. Veenstra, S., & de Roos, C. (2005, November). Behandeling van chronische pijn met EMDR [Treating chronic pain with EMDR]. Presentatie aan de eerste congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In deze lezing staat de toepassing van EMDR bij de behandeling van chronische pijn centraal. Na een introductie over ‘pijn in het brein’ wordt aandacht besteed aan indicatiestelling: waarom en wanneer is EMDR geïndiceerd als behandeling voor chronische pijnpatiënten. Verder worden de resultaten van een pilot-studie (drs. C. de Roos, Rivierduinen, Leiden; drs. A.C. Veenstra, St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Tilburg; dr. Y.R. van Rood, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden) gepresenteerd. Deze studie werd uitgevoerd om het effect van Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing op chronische fantoompijn -na amputatie van een been- te onderzoeken. Tien patiënten werden behandeld tussen oktober 2003 en november 2004. Alle tien patiënten reageerden niet op eerdere pijnbehandelingen. Metingen vonden plaats voor en na de behandeling en bij een follow-up na 3 maanden. Het derde deel van deze lezing is toegespitst op de toepassing van het EMDR pijnprotocol. Casuïstiek van patiënten met fantoompijn of post-whiplash klachten wordt geïllustreerd met videofragmenten.

In this lecture, the application of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain center. After an introduction on "pain in the brain" focuses on needs assessment: why and when EMDR is indicated as a treatment for chronic pain patients. Furthermore, the results of a pilot study (Drs C. Roos, Rivierduinen, Leiden, Dr AC Veenstra, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, Dr YR van Rood, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden) presented. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing of chronic phantom pain after amputation of a leg to investigate. Ten patients were treated between October 2003 and November 2004. All ten patients did not respond to previous pain treatments. Measurements were performed before and after treatment and a follow-up after 3 months. The third part of this lecture focuses on the application of the EMDR protocol pain. Case histories of patients with phantom pain or post-whiplash symptoms is illustrated with video clips. Contribute a better translation Thank you for contributing your translation suggestion to Google Translate. Contribute a better translation: In this lecture, the application of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain center. After an introduction on "pain in the brain" focuses on needs assessment: why and when EMDR is indicated as a treatment for chronic pain patients. Furthermore, the results of a pilot study (Drs C. Roos, Rivierduinen, Leiden, Dr AC Veenstra, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, Dr YR van Rood, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden) presented. This study was conducted to investigate and evaluate the effect of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing of chronic phantom pain after amputation of a leg. Ten patients were treated between October 2003 and November 2004. All ten patients did not respond to previous pain treatments. Measurements were performed before and after treatment and a follow-up after 3 months.The third part of this lecture focuses on the application of the EMDR protocol pain. Case histories of patients with phantom pain or post-whiplash symptoms is illustrated with video clips.

Keywords: Chronic Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

82. Gorisse, E., de Jongh, A., & Hassan, B. (2010). Behandeling van idiopathische aangezichtspijn na plaatsing implantaat [Treatment of idiopathic facial pain following implant placement]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd, 117(2), 75-78.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Een 39-jarige vrouw had een chronische vorm van atypische aangezichtspijn en klachten behorende bij een posttraumatische stressstoornis. De pijn was ontstaan na chirurgische verwijdering van een wortelrest onder een implantaat en haar klachten waren daarvan een gevolg. Uiteindelijk had deze problematiek geleid tot ontslag door haar werkgever en problemen in het gezin. Een periodiek mondonderzoek door haar huistandarts was vanwege extreme angst onmogelijk. Medicamenteuze behandeling, accupunctuur, homeopathie en hypnotherapie hadden geen verbetering gegeven. Behandeling met een aanpak gericht op de verwerking van herinneringen aan tandheelkundige behandelingen door middel van ‘eye movement desensitization and reprocessing’ leidde uiteindelijk tot vermindering van klachten. Deze casus maakt duidelijk hoezeer dit type orale problematiek het dagelijks leven van patiënten kan ontwrichten en hoe psychotherapie een aanvulling op de orale of medicamenteuze behandeling kan zijn.

A 39-year-old woman suffered from chronic atypical facial pain and complaints associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The pain originated from the surgical removal of a residual tooth root under an oral implant and the stress symptoms were the consequences of the pain. Eventually, these problems had led to dismissal from work and family problems. She was unable to attend her dentist for a periodic oral survey due to extreme fear. Pharmacologic treatment, acupuncture, homeopathy and hypnotherapy had not improved her condition. Treatment aimed at coping with the memories of the oral treatment using 'eye movement desensitization and reprocessing' ultimately led to decline of complaints. This case report demonstrates that an oral problem may disrupt a patient's life and how psychotherapy can complete medical treatment.

Keywords: Oral Implant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Tooth Root

Accuracy Verified: Yes

83. von Knorring, L., Thelander, S., & Pettersson, A. (2005, November 21-27). Behandling av angestsyndrom. En systematisklitteraturaversikt. SBUs sammanfattning och slutsatser [Treatment of anxiety syndrome: A systematic literature review. Summary and conclusions by the SBU]. Lakartidningen , 102(47), 3561-3562, 3565-3566, 3569.

Language: Swedish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
En rapport från det svenska rådet för medicinsk utvärdering (SBU) har gått igenom, klassificeras och utvärderas den vetenskapliga litteraturen om behandling av panik-syndrom, specifika fobier, social fobi, tvångssyndrom syndrom (OCD), generaliserat ångestsyndrom (GAD) och posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD). Översynen ingår behandling av barn, ungdomar och vuxna. Rapportens slutsats är att det finns effektiv behandling tillgänglig för alla ångest syndrom. Men i allmänhet, är effekten ofta måttliga och symtomen återkommer när behandlingen perioden avbryts. För vuxna, stödjer vetenskapliga bevis användning av paroxetin och sertralin för alla syndrom utom specifika fobier. För övriga SSRI-preparat Det finns också bevis för användning av Fluoxetin i OCD och PTSD, för fluvoxamin i social fobi och tvångssyndrom och för escitalopram i social fobi. Andra antidepressiva läkemedel med ett starkt vetenskapligt stöd är venlafaxin i social fobi och GAD, imipramin i panik syndrom och chlomipramine i panik syndrom och tvångssyndrom. Bland de psykologiska behandlingar, det finns vetenskapliga bevis för kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) för behandling av panik-syndrom, specifika fobier, social fobi, PTSD och GAD. Exponering, med eller utan andra psykoterapeutiska interventioner har vetenskapligt stöd för effekt vid paniksyndrom (både i termer av antalet panikattacker och agorafobi för), specifika fobier, tvångssyndrom och PTSD. Användning av ögonrörelser desensibilisering och upparbetning (EMDR) har vetenskapligt stöd för behandling av PTSD.

A report by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) has reviewed, classified and evaluated the scientific literature on treatment of panic syndrome, specific phobias, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive syndrome (OCD), generalized anxiety syndrome (GAD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The review included treatment of children, adolescents and adults. The report concludes that there is effective treatment available for all anxiety syndromes. However in general, the effect is often moderate and symptoms reappear when the treatment period is discontinued. For adults, scientific evidence supports the use of paroxetine and sertraline for all syndromes except specific phobias. For the other SSRI's there is also evidence for the use of fluoxetin in OCD and PTSD, for fluvoxamine in social phobia and OCD and for escitalopram in social phobia. Other antidepressant drugs with a strong scientific support is venlafaxin in social phobia and GAD, imipramin in panic syndrome and chlomipramine in panic syndrome and OCD. Among psychological treatments, there is scientific evidence for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for treatment of panic syndrome, specific phobias, social phobia, PTSD and GAD. Exposure, with or without other psychotherapeutic interventions, has scientific support for efficacy in panic disorder (both in terms of number of panic attacks and for agoraphobia), specific phobias, OCD and PTSD. Use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has scientific support for treatment of PTSD.

Keywords: Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

84. Zengin, F. (2006). Behandlung von hörsturz und tinnitus mit EMDR-therapie [Treatment of acute hearing loss and tinnitus with EMDR therapy]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 7, 45-53.

Language: German

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Es wurden 17 an Tinnitus leidende PatientInnen mit EMDR behandelt. Behandlung und Nachuntersuchung fanden in der Zeit von Juni 2002 bis Juni 2005 in meiner psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Praxis in Solingen statt. Mit Ausnahme von zwei Patienten kamen alle Behandelten persönlich zur Kontrolluntersuchung im Folgejahr der Behandlung (88,2 %). 82,4 % aller Patienten (14) waren nach der 5-stündigen EMDR-Behandlung beschwerdefrei, 3 beklagten weiterhin (eher geringe) Beschwerden, die durch 2 weitere EMDR-Therapie- Sitzungen zum Abklingen gebracht werden konnten Ein Patient hatte nach Therapieabschluss einen Verkehrsunfall, der eine PTBS auslöste. Er wurde mit traumazentrierter Psychotherapie behandelt, die auch die Tinnitus-Symptome zum Abklingen brachte.

It treated 17 patients suffering from tinnitus with EMDR. Treatment and Follow-up found in the period from June 2002 to June 2005 in my psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice, held in Solingen. With the exception of two patients were all patients personally for a check in the following year of treatment (88.2%). 82.4% of all patients (14) were symptom-free after 5 hours of EMDR treatment, 3 defendant continued (rather small) complaints by two other EMDR Therapy Sessions could be brought to subside after a patient had completed therapy a traffic accident that caused PTSD. He was with trauma-centered psychotherapy treated, which also brought the tinnitus symptoms to subside.

Keywords: Hearing Loss Tinnitus

Accuracy Verified: Yes

85. Zengin, F. (2009). Behandlung von hörsturz und tinnitus mit EMDR-therapie [Treatment of hearing loss and tinnitus with EMDR therapy]. In R. Plassmann, (Hg.) Im eigenen rhythmus, die EMDR-behandlung von essstörungen, bindungsstörungen, allergien, schmerz, angststörungen, tinnitus und süchten, (pp. 155-164), Giessen, Psychosozial-Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Es wurden 17 an Tinnitus leidende Patienten mit der EMDR- Therapie behandelt. Behandlung und die Kontrolluntersuchungen fanden in der Zeit von Juni 2002 bis Juni 2005 in meiner psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Praxis in Solingen statt. Mit Ausnahme von zwei Patienten kamen alle Behandelten persönlich zur Kontrolluntersuchung im Folgejahr der Behandlung( 88,2 %). 82,4 % waren 14 Patienten nach der 5-stündigen EMDR-Behandlung beschwerdefrei, 3 beklagten weiterhin (eher geringe) Beschwerden, die durch 2 weitere EMDR-Therapie- Sitzungen zum Abklingen gebracht konnten. Ein Patient hatte nach Therapieabschluss einen Verkehrsunfall, der eine PTBS auslöste. Er wurde mit traumazentrierter Psychotherapie behandelt, die auch die Tinnitus-Symptome zum Abklingen brachte.

It treated 17 patients suffering from tinnitus with the EMDR therapy. Treatment and control tests were held in the period from June 2002 to June 2005 in my psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice in Solingen. With the exception of two patients, all patients were personally check-in the following year of treatment (88.2%). 82.4% were 14 patients after 5-hour EMDR treatment of symptoms, three defendants remain (rather small) complaints which could by 2 other EMDR therapy sessions brought to subside. One patient had completed therapy after an accident which triggered a PTSD. He was treated with traumazentrierter psychotherapy, which also brought the tinnitus symptoms to subside.

Keywords: Hearing Loss Tinnitus

Accuracy Verified: Yes

86. Jordan, J., Titscher, G., & Kirsch, H. (2011, September). Behandlungsmanual zur psychotherapie von akuten und posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen nach ICD-mehrfachschocks [Treatment manual for psychotherapy of acute and posttraumatic stress disorders after multiple ICD shocks]. Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie, 22(3), 189-201.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Angesichts der steigenden Zahl implantierter Defibrillatoren in allen Industrienationen wächst auch die Zahl derjenigen Menschen, die sog. Mehrfachschocks („electrical storm“, ES) erleiden. Häufige Beschwerden sind starke und ständig wiederkehrende massive Ängste, Panikattacken, Todesangst, Hilf- und Hoffnungslosigkeit, Depressionen, Nervosität und Gereiztheit, sowie Rückzugs- und ausuferndes Vermeidungsverhalten, Intrusionen, Albträume, Flashbacks, Schlaflosigkeit und die Unfähigkeit der Gefühlsempfindung sowie eine eingeschränkte Zukunftsperspektive. Da Menschen mit einem ICD häufig körperlich (sehr) krank und nach den ICD-Mehrfachschocks zusätzlich massiv verunsichert sind, scheint es wesentlich, dass die stationäre Behandlung in einer Einrichtung durchgeführt wird, die über eine enge Anbindung an und räumliche Nähe zu einer kardiologischen Abteilung verfügt. Basis der Diagnostik ist die klinische Anamnese und die systematische Exploration der traumatischen Situation und der resultierenden Beschwerden. Als zusätzliche diagnostische Elemente sollten testpsychologische Verfahren zur Erfassung der Kernsymptomatik zum Einsatz kommen (Angst, Depression, Traumasymptome). Zur Diagnostik sollte eine testpsychologische Untersuchung gehören, damit am Ende der Behandlung auch für den Patienten sichtbar wird, welche Veränderungen eingetreten sind. Im Mittelpunkt der stationären Behandlung steht die tägliche intensive Psychotherapie. In ihrem Rahmen finden Elemente tiefenpsychologisch fundierter Psychotherapie und verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierte Angsttherapie sowie kognitive Umstrukturierung und Elemente des EMDR ihren Platz. Eine Nachuntersuchung innerhalb von 4 Monaten nach den Mehrfachschocks ist angeraten, weil PTSD Symptome zuweilen erst mit großer Latenz auftreten.

In view of the inceasing number of implanted defibrillators in all industrial nations, the number of people who have suffered so-called multiple shocks (electrical storm, ES) also increases. Common complaints are severe and continuously recurrent massive anxiety, panic attacks, fear of death, helplessness and hopelessness, depression, nervosity and irritability as well as reclusive and uncontrollable avoidance behaviour, intrusions, nightmares, flashbacks, sleeplessness and the inability to show feelings and limitation of future perspectives. Because people with an ICD are often physically (very) ill and after multiple ICD shocks are additionally very insecure, it would seem logical if the inpatient treatment would be carried out in an institution which has close connections and is also spatially close to a cardiology department. The basis of the diagnostics is the clinical anamnesis and a systematic exploration of the trauma situation and the resulting complaints. As an additional diagnostic element psychological test procedures should be implemented to determine the core symptomatic (anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms). Psychological test procedures should be included in the diagnostics so that at the end of treatment it is obvious even to the patient which alterations have occurred. The core element of inpatient treatment is daily intensive psychotherapy and includes deep psychologically well-founded psychotherapy and behavioral therapeutic-oriented anxiety therapy as well as cognitive restructuring and elements of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). A follow-up examination within 4 months of the multiple shocks episode is recommended because symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder often occur after a long latent time period.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Anxiety ASD Cardiology Depression ICD Shocks Internal Medicine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Manual

Accuracy Verified: Yes

87. Flint, R. T. (1992, December). Behavioral validation of EMDR: Two PTSD cases. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(2), 5-6.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: Clinicians trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) often describe approaching the method with great skepticism that transforms into enthusiasm and a desire to proselytize. This enthusiasm is often mixed with the lament that more behavioral validation studieshave not been performed. This note records two cases in which people suffering from chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms demonstrated striking behavioral changes after a single brief EMDR treatment.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

88. Chen, L. (2008, June). Bereavement, EMDR & structural dissociation of the personality theory. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Poster Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the “Structural Dissociation of the Personality” as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, & Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various levels of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the “Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality”. The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different levels of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. [Note: Poster and Word Versions]

Keywords: Dissociation Personality Theory Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

89. Gomez, A. (2008, September). Beyond PTSD: Treating depression in children and adolescents using EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Traumatized children frequently exhibit symptoms of disorders other than PTSD. There is evidence of comorbidity between PTSD, depression and other behavioral disorders and a large overlap in symptom criteria between PTSD and depression in children and adolescents. The first part of this presentation explores what current research has identified as the key factors for the development of depression in children and adolescents. The evidence linking trauma, stress and PTSD to some forms of depression and the relationship between disorders of attachment, difficulties with affect regulation and the development of depression in children and adolescents will be explored. The second part of this presentation will introduce preliminary evidence that EMDR can be a potentially effective treatment for depression in children and adolescents through a series of case studies and anecdotal reports. The presentation will conclude with an overview of strategies for working with depressed children and adolescents across the eight phases of the EMDR protocol. Even though this presentation will focus on working with pediatric depression, it will provide a foundation for understanding and treating adult depression as well. Video clips of sessions will be shown to provide a concrete and tangible experience for clinicians.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

90. Giti, S. M. (2011, May). Beyond social phobia: A review of the background, manifestations and varied therapeutic approaches for performance anxiety. Alliant International University, Los Angeles, California. 3503418.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Performance anxiety is ubiquitous in our present culture and is considered one of the most prevalent forms of anxiety. The famous actor and comedian Jerry Seinfeld once joked, “ At a funeral, most people would rather be in the casket than giving the eulogy!” While nearly eighty percent of people experience some form of anxiety when they are the center of attention, individuals who experience performance anxiety are severely distressed and debilitated by their anxiety (Plaut, 1990). In most cases, performance anxiety threatens to restrain an individual’s profession, goals, education, relationships or daily life activities. While the phenomenon of acute anxiety is commonly labeled as stage fright in the world of the performing arts, in psychological literature it is rarely specified or considered a diagnosable mental health disorder. It is often clustered with specific phobias or social phobia. Indeed, performance anxiety is not an experience solely limited to actors, musicians, singers and dancers. It affects athletes, politicians, writers, students, professionals, leaders, and individuals in all walks of life. For this reason, it is essential that clinicians become educated in the etiology, symptoms, manifestations and therapeutic approaches of performance anxiety.

Keywords: Socia Phobia Performance Anxiety

Accuracy Verified: Yes

91. van Deusen, K. M. (2004, Summer). Bilateral stimulation in EMDR: A replicated single-subject component analysis. the Behavior Therapist, 27(4), 79-86.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This study attempted to determine whether the eye movement component of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was necessary to account for positive treatment effects in subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A single-subject alternating treatments design was replicated across four subjects to compare the effectiveness of EMDR with the effectiveness of a modified EMDR procedure in which the eyes remained in a natural state. The comparative procedure was chosen to eliminate the contribution of distraction and the addition of any other form of bilateral stimulation. The first hypothesis was supported. Subjects showed statistically significant pre- (baseline) to posttreatment improvement following EMDR and the modified EMDR procedure (without eye movements). The second hypothesis was not supported. While subjects significantly improved following both EMDR and the modified, without-eye-movements EMDR procedure, there were no statistically significant differences between treatments on within- or between-session measures. Instead, both treatments were found to be effective in reducing trauma and global symptoms in the four female subjects who participated in the study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Empirical Study Quantitative Study Single-Subject Componnent Analysis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

92. Sinici, E., Maden, O., Ak, M., Bozkurt, A., & Ozsahin, A. (2012, February). Bir cinsel tecavuz vak'asinda emdr uygulamasi: Vak'a sunumu [EMDR application on a sexual rape case: Case report]. Yeni Symposium Journal, 50(1), 58-60.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Travmatik bir deneyim oldu hemen herkes yoğun stres belirtileri gösterebilir. Bu tecavüz edildi, özellikle halk arasında post-travmatik stres belirtileri görmek mümkündür. Son zamanlarda, tecavüz insanlara danışmanlık sağlamak için çabalar yaygın hale gelmiştir.EMDR tedavisi bellek (duygusal, bilişsel ve fiziksel), rahatsız edici olaylara ulaşmak fonksiyonları hızlandırmak ve öğrenme sürecini iyileştirmek için kadar duyusal birimleri üzerinde duruluyor. Bu EMDR tedavisi tecavüz birinin travma sonrası stres belirtileri hafifletir düşünülmektedir. 90 dakikalık EMDR seansları uygulandı. Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri-I (STAI-I) ve Olaylar ScaleRevision (IES-R) Etkisi öncesi ve tedavi ve 1 ay sonra kontrol sonrası uygulanmıştır. Bu tecavüz kişinin stres belirtileri kısa bir süre sonra arasında, EMDR tedavisi öncesi azaltmak ve 1 ay sonra kontrol ettiği görülmektedir.Çalışmada bir olgu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir rağmen, sonucu cinsel travma hastalar için, EMDR uygulaması yararlı olabilir olmasıdır.

Almost anyone who had traumatic experience might show intense stress symptoms. It is possible to see post-traumatic stress symptoms among people especially who were raped. Recently, the efforts to provide counseling for raped people have become common. The EMDR treatment focuses on the sensorial units of the memory (emotional, cognitive and physical) to reach the disturbing events, accelerate functions and to improve the learning process. It is thought that EMDR treatment relieves the post traumatic stress symptoms for the raped one. 90 minute EMDR sessions were applied. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I) and Impact of Events ScaleRevision (IES-R) were applied before and after treatment and 1 month-later control. It is seen that the raped one's stress symptoms decrease before the EMDR treatment, among shortly after and 1 month later controls. Although the study was conducted with one phenomenon, the result is that for patients who had sexual trauma, EMDR application might be beneficial.

Keywords: Rape Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

93. Fisher, J. (2007, September 29). The body as a shared whole: Somatic interventions for working with trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the Quarterly Meeting Program of The New England Society for the Treatment of Trauma and Dissociation.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
To stabilize overwhelming symptoms, integrate memories, and overcome the terror of intimacy, traumatized clients must establish sufficient safety in the body that they do not continue to recreate the unsafe world of childhood. Otherwise, the “child in the nightmare” from decades ago remains lost in time, demoralized by internal critics and terrified by the threats of hypervigilant internal protectors. Because the body is the container for all past and present experience and for all parts of the self, somatically oriented approaches can address the intense and often baffling reactions of these patients in a way that is both simple and effective. This workshop will demonstrate bodyoriented interventions for working with traumatized and dissociative patients drawn from Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and easily integrated into EMDR, IFS, and traditional talking therapies. Through the use of lecture, videotape, and demonstration, participants will have the opportunity to observe somatically informed solutions to a number of common clinical challenges encountered in trauma treatment. Capitalizing on recent advances in the research on attachment and trauma, the workshop will also provide a context for understanding how to use the therapeutic relationship to provide a safe “container” for both patient and therapist in the challenging work of trauma treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation Somatic Interventions Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

94. Levine, P. A. (2003, September). The body bears the burden: Somatic expressions of traumatic stress. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Developed over the past thirty years, "Somatic Experiecing" (SE) has gained increasing recognition as a powerful body-based therapy that can awaken one's innate self-regulative response to overwhelm. Based on a naturalistic understanding of how animals in the wild "shake off" repeated exposure to life threatening events, SE has produced surprising results with a variety of difficult symptoms This model will be presented towards enhancing EMDR practice.

Keywords: SE Plenary Somatic Experiencing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

95. Brown, K. W., McGoldrick, T., & Buchanan, R. (1997). Body dysmorphic disorder: Seven cases treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25(2), 203-207. doi:/10.1017/S1352465800018403.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Body dynamic disorder is an illness of generally chronic course which can lead to significant impairment of social functioning, unnecessary plastic surgery and even suicide. It is little understood and treatment regimens have been of uncertain efficacy. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a newly developed psychotherapeutic procedure used in the treatment of PTSD, grief reactions and generalized anxiety. In this paper we describe its use in seven consecutive cases of body dysmorphic disorder. Improvements were obtained in six of the seven patients, five of whom had a complete resolution of their symptoms (Pilots).

Keywords: Adults Case Report Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Females Males Somatoform Disorders Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

96. Isermann M., & Diegelmann, C. (2000, September). Breast cancer: PTSD symptoms, EMDR and quality of life. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn about current research on psychological aspects of breast cancer; 2) learn about relevant dimensions of quality of life in breast cancer patients; 3) learn about the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of breast cancer patients; and 4) learn about adaptations of the standard protocol to criteria for using EMDR in the treatment of breast cancer patients.

Keywords: Breast Cancer Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

97. Watson, C., Davis, R., & Heimonen, T. (2010, September/October). Bridging the gap between clinical practice and research with EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a trauma treatment with origins date back to 1987 by its founder Francine Shapiro. EMDR is based on an information-processing model and is being used to treat traumatic symptoms. Clinicians in many types of clinical settings worldwide employ EMDR for a board range of treatment issues including grief, depression, anxiety, physical and sexual abuse. Although there is evidence that EMDR is effective in treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, more research needs to be done in clinical practice settings to contribute to the much needed research base about effective of EMDR with other issues.
Therapists working with trauma are often dealing with high caseloads and administrative requirements of the agencies that they work with. The clinicians involved in this research have observed that there have been some encouraging developments in their community which have served to build bridges for clinicians to increase their confidence in the world of research. In 2007, an intiative called Research Skills Development Program offering mentoring in research skills development was offered in association with Lakehead University and Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Ontario, Canada.
Completion of this 1-year program proved to be the first step in make the transition from clinician to researcher. From there, partnerships were formed within the agency and community. With the support of our agency, researchers were able to gain access to testing and computer software that made data collection and data anaylsis possible with least disruption to our clinical services.
The clinicians were encouraged by previous results from our first study in 2007 (n=6) to continue systematic data collection with more clients (n=6). Approval for this recent study was received by the Ethics Committee of St. Joseph's Care Group.

Keywords: Poster Practice Research Research Skills Development Program

Accuracy Verified: No

98. Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012, March). Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), 224-231. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099234.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) are efficacious treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies have directly compared them using well-powered designs and few have investigated response patterns. Aims: To compare the efficacy and response pattern of a traumafocused CBT modality, brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD, with EMDR (trial registration: ISRCTN64872147). Method: Out-patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to brief eclectic psychotherapy (n = 70) or EMDR (n = 70) and assessed at all sessions on self-reported PTSD (Impact of Event Scale – Revised). Other outcomes were clinician-rated PTSD, anxiety and depression. Results: Both treatments were equally effective in reducing PTSD symptom severity, but the response pattern indicated that EMDR led to a significantly sharper decline in PTSD symptoms than brief eclectic psychotherapy, with similar drop-out rates (EMDR: n = 20 (29%), brief eclectic psychotherapy: n = 25 (36%)). Other outcome measures confirmed this pattern of results. Conclusions: Although both treatments are effective, EMDR results in a faster recovery compared with the more gradual improvement with brief eclectic psychotherapy. Declaration of interest: A.d.J. teaches and supervises clinical psychologists and psychiatrists in psychological trauma and its treatment by means of seminars, workshops and conferences, for which the participants pay a fee. He is also director and shareholder of a trauma treatment unit. For both activities he has the formal permission of the executive board of the University of Amsterdam to which he is affiliated.

Keywords: BEP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Randomized Controlled Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

99. Rossello-Mir, J., Revert-Vidal, X., Obrador, P., & Cardell, E. (2007, June). Brief EMDR protocol versus bilateral stimulation in the treatment of spider phobia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR, that includes bilateral stimulation, causes the desensitization and reprocessing of traumatic memories, thus reducing anxiety, distress, fear, and other symptoms related with several anxiety disorders. Previous results show it is effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, panic disorder, public speaking anxiety, etc. Relying on some previous results we think that a brief EMDR protocol could be applied to relieve symptoms of specific phobias.
To investigate this issue, we study the efficacy of a new brief EMDR protocol in the treatment of spider phobia. Furthermore, our design tries to clarify the controversy about which components of the EMDR procedure are relevant for patient’s improvement. More specifically, we compare the effectiveness of our brief procedures with that of simple bilateral stimulation that is, without eye movements, which necessity to obtain therapeutic outcome has been questioned.
We randomly assign twenty volunteers, female university students with spider phobia to one of three groups. We applied the brief EMDR protocol to the first one and bilateral stimulation to the second one, being the third group the control one. To assess the effectiveness of both treatments, in addition to apply traditional questionnaires, we designed a specific emotional Stroop task in order to make use of this tool to evaluate, before and after each treatment, the selective attentional biases, that seem to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. We discuss the differences found in our results in reference to the controversy aforementioned and how they can help to understand the EMDR mechanism of action.

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Brief EMDR Spider Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

100. Hettiarachchi, M. (2007). Brief intervention for post traumatic stress disorder with combined use of cognitive behaviour therapy and eye movement desensitisation reprocessing. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 6(1), 1-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study is of a 23 year old female diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Sri Lanka, six months following the Asian Tsunami of December 2004. The intervention was conducted in a village clinic on the southern coast of the country. Treatment involved the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to monitor levels of anxiety. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to assess level of intrusion and avoidance (Horowitz, Wilner & Alvarez, 1979). Subjective Units of Distress Scores (SUDS) were obtained to assess level of distress and the Validity of Cognition Scale (VOC) used to assess accuracy of positive beliefs (Shapiro, 2001). A significant reduction in trauma symptoms, levels of distress, intrusion and avoidance were noted at post-treatment. Treatment gains were maintained at one month and nine month follow-up. The combined treatment protocol may be an effective brief intervention to use in situations that require rapid treatments to alleviate personal psychological distress in the aftermath of large scale disasters.

Keywords: Asian Tsunami Brief Intervention Clinical Case Study Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy Emotional Trauma Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

101. Chemtob, C., Nakashima, J., & Carlson, J. (2002, January). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A field study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 99-112. doi:10.1002/jclp.1131.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Effective psychological intervention is needed to help children recover from disaster-related PTSD. This controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief intervention for disaster-related PTSD. At one-year follow-up of a prior intervention for disaster-related symptoms, some previously treated children were still suffering significant trauma symptoms. Using a randomized lagged-groups design, we provided three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to 32 of these children who met clinical criteria for PTSD. The Children's Reaction Inventory (CRI) was the primary measure of the treatment's effect on PTSD symptoms. Associated symptoms were measured using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Treatment resulted in substantial reductions in both groups' CRI scores and in significant, though more modest, reductions in RCMAS and CDI scores. Gains were maintained at six-month follow-up. Health visits to the school nurse were significantly reduced following treatment. Psychosocial intervention appears useful for children suffering disaster-related PTSD. Conducting controlled studies of children's treatment in the postdisaster environment appears feasible. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Treatment Disasters Elementary School Students Empirical Study Follow-up Study Health Care Utilization Hurricanes Hurricane Iniki Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Victim Service

Accuracy Verified: Yes

102. Kip, K. E., Sullivan, K. L., Lengacher, C. A., Rosenzweig, L., Hernandez, D. F., Kadel, R., Kozel, F. A., Shuman, A., Girling, S. A., Hardwick, M. J., & Diamond, D. M. (2013). Brief treatment of co-occurring post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms by use of accelerated resolution therapy. Front Psychiatry, 4(11). doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00011.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This uncontrolled prospective cohort study evaluated the use of accelerated resolution therapy (ART) for treatment of comorbid symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder. Twenty-eight adult subjects, mean age of 41years (79% female, 36% Hispanic), received a mean of 3.7±1.1 ART treatment sessions (range 1–5). ART is a new exposure-based psychotherapy that makes use of eye movements. Subjects completed a range of self-report psychological measures before and after treatment with ART including the 17-item PCL-C checklist (symptoms of PTSD) and 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). For the PCL-C, the pre-ART mean (±standard deviation) was 62.5 (8.8) with mean reductions of −29.6 (12.5), −30.1 (13.1), and −31.4 (14.04) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p<0.0001 for comparisons to pre-ART score). Compared to pre-ART status, this corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 2.37, 2.30, and 3.01, respectively. For the CES-D, the pre-ART mean was 35.1 (8.8) with mean reductions of −20.6 (11.0), −18.1 (11.5), and −15.6 (14.4) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p≤0.0001 compared to Pre-ART score). This corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 1.88, 1.58, and 1.09, respectively. Strong correlations were observed at 2-month and 4-month follow-up for post-treatment changes in PTSD and depression symptom scores (r=0.79, r=0.76, respectively, p≤0.0002). No serious treatment-related adverse effects were reported. In summary, ART appears to be a promising brief, safe, and effective treatment for adults with clinically significant comorbid symptoms of PTSD and depression. Future controlled and mechanistic studies with this emerging therapy are warranted, particularly given its short treatment duration, and in light of current heightened emphasis on health care cost constraints.

Keywords: Accelerated Resolution Therapy ART Brief Treatment Depression Exposure Therapy Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Trauma PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

103. Zaghrout-Hodali, M., Alissa, F., & Dodgson, P. (2008). Building resilience and dismantling fear: EMDR group protocol with children in an area of ongoing trauma. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 106-113. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A number of studies indicate that EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) may be efficacious in treatment of children and young people with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. However, reports are limited in the use of the EMDR psychotherapy approach in situations of ongoing violence and trauma. This case study describes work with 7 children in an area of ongoing violence who were subject to repeat traumas during the course of an EMDR psychotherapy intervention, using a group protocol. Results indicate that the EMDR approach can be effective in a group setting, and in an acute situation, both in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic and peritraumatic stress and in "inoculation" or building resilience in a setting of ongoing conflict and trauma. Given the need for such applications, further research is recommended regarding EMDR's ability to increase personal resources in such settings. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Cognitive Processes Conflict Intifada Group Psychotherapy Multiple Traumatic Events Palestinians Psychotherapeutic Processes Recent Events Resilience Group Therapy Survivors School Age Children Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

104. Waters, F. S., Potgieter, R., & Yehuda, N. (2011, November). But they are too young to be traumatized!. Presentation at the 28th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Montreal, Quebec.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
All too often it is assumed that infants or young children are too young to remember frightening, painful, and confusing experiences, and therefore will not suffer harm because they are too young to be traumatized. Clinical experience; however, as well as research on neurobiology of trauma, child development, and attachment, tell a different story. While very often not verbalized, overwhelming early experiences are nonetheless remembered implicitly. As such they tend to find expression in a myriad of debilitating emotional and somatic symptoms across a persons life span; even into adulthood. Understanding how early trauma can affect the child developmentally, and how it might be expressed, is crucial not only to clinicians treating children but also to those working with adults. It is through understanding early traumatic markers and the subtle, often coded signs, sometimes rooted as far back as infancy, that one can begin the process of untangling these symptoms and freeing the individual from a lifetime of pain, suffering, and failed relationships. This workshop will examine the types of early traumamedical, severe neglect, all forms of abuse, disrupted attachmentand how these traumatic experiences impact the young child from birth to five years. The signs and symptoms of traumatized and dissociative children, as well as available research on the topic will be described, along with case examples. The need for careful interpretation of often convoluted and subtle symptoms will be explained. Accurate interpretation of a childs presentation relies on understanding the neurobiology of trauma and dissociation. That, as well as understanding the impact on child development and attachment is crucial for effective intervention. Strategies such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and involvement of caregivers in the therapy will be described. Videoed sessions and artwork describing the young traumatized child's inner world and recovery process will augment the presentation.

Keywords: Children Infants

Accuracy Verified: Yes

105. Feske, U., & Goldstein, A. J. (1998). Can EMDR be used to treat panic disorder?. Clinician's Research Digest, 16(5), 3.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: 43 outpatients with DSM-III-R panic disorder were randomly assigned to receive 6 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), the same treatment but omitting the eye movement, or to a waiting list. Posttest comparisons showed EMDR to be more effective in alleviating panic and panic-related symptoms than the waiting-list procedure. Compared with the same treatment without the eye movement, EMDR led to greater improvement on 2 of 5 primary outcome measures at posttest. However, EMDR's advantages had dissipated 3 months after treatment, thereby failing to firmly support the usefulness of the eye movement component in EMDR treatment for panic disorder. [Author Abstract].
Examined whether eye movement desensitization and reprocessing can be used to treat panic disorder. This research appeared in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1026-1035.

Keywords: Panic Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

106. Rodriguez, T. (2013, January/February). Can eye movements treat trauma?. Scientific American Mind, 23(6), 9-9.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
The article focuses on the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research supports the concept of using eye movements in reducing the symptoms of PTSD. Researchers note that eye movements strip the patients' troubling memories of vividness and its distress. They discover the outperformed tones of eye movements in mitigating memories' vividness and emotional intensity level.

Keywords: Eye Movements Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

107. Forgash, C., Leeds, A., Stramrood, C. A. I., & Robbins, A. (2013). Case consultation: Traumatized pregnant woman. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 45-49. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.45.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Case consultation is a new regular feature in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research in which a therapist requests assistance regarding a challenging case and responses are written by three experts. In this article, Amy Robbins, a certified eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapist from Atlanta, Georgia, briefly describes a challenging case in which a pregnant woman seeks treatment for trauma suffered in a tornado. The clinician asks if it is advisable to provide EMDR treatment and what concerns she should be aware of. The first expert, Carol Forgash, provides some general information about pregnancy and psychotherapy and outlines considerations, concerns, and contraindications for proceeding with EMDR. She recommends that if treatment is chosen, the therapist proceed with a recent trauma protocol to specifically target the traumatic memories of the recent tornado. The second expert, Andrew Leeds, comments on the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or other scientific reports exploring the safety of EMDR treatment of pregnant women. He states that pregnant women with symptoms of posttraumatic stress should understand that there is a high probability that EMDR will improve maternal quality of life and that the risks of adverse effects on stability of pregnancy are probably low, but that these remain unknown. The third expert, Claire Stramrood, explains that the few case studies that evaluated EMDR during pregnancy have found positive effects but pertained to women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth. She asserts that once obstetricians have been consulted, women have been informed about possible risks and benefits, and, given their informed consent, they should be able to choose to commence EMDR therapy during pregnancy.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Pregnancy PTSD Tornado

Accuracy Verified: Yes

108. Lovett, J. M. (1994). Case report: Treating a toddler with EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(3), 10.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
A 20-month-old Chinese boy was referred to me by his pediatrician because of symptoms which began immediately after an automobile accident. The accident occurred when a car spun out of control on the freeway and smashed into the side of a car driven by the child's uncle. All of the doors of the car were temporarily jammed, and the family panicked when they could not get out. The uncle sustained some physical injuries, but did not require hospitalization. The toddler was examined by his pediatrician and did not have any signs of a physical injury. However, for the month following the accident, the toddler awakened crying several times nightly. During the day he was irritable, cried easily, and was frequently angry.

Keywords: Children Toddler

Accuracy Verified: Yes

109. Bae, H., Kim, D., & Ahn, J. (2006, September). A case series of post-traumatic obsessive compulsive disorder: A six month follow-up evaluation. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 45(5), 476-480.

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A number of recent case reports and series indicate that obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) can develop after traumatic experience as a comorbid conditon to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These descriptive studies consistently addressed that those patients respond poorly to treatments and had an unfavorable outcome. However, this conclusion was not supported by prospective follow up with objective measurement of symptomatology. This report presents three single trauma-related PTSD patients who developed full-blown OCD concurrently with or after the initiation of PTSD. These patients represent 10% of new PTSD outpatients at a PTSD clinic during one year period and 25% of PTSD patients who had been admitted. In all three cases compulsion seemed to distract or serve as avoidance to intrusive symptoms of PTSD. Despite Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and/or exposure therapy for PTSD together with at least two antidepressant trials for PTSD and OCD, at six month follow-up PTSD partially improved and OCD remained unchanged. This finding is consistent with previous reports from western literature (KoreaMed).

Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

110. Lipke, H., & Botkin, A. (1992, Winter). Case studies of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 29(4), 591-595. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.29.4.591.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Five hospitalized Vietnam combat veterans with chronic PTSD were treated with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a new psychotherapeutic procedure. Changes in previously refractory symptoms of intrusiveness and arousal were noted for some subjects. The variability of effects was examined in terms of subject variables and therapist training with the procedure. REM sleep findings and studies of cognitive concomitant of waking eye movement were considered in efforts to understand EMDR effects. The overall results suggest that: (1) EMDR can be a powerful clinical tool in the treatment of PTSD, and (2) further research is strongly recommended. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults African Americans Empirical Study European Americans Males Middle Aged Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

111. Cartwright, L. (2000, September-October). Case Studies: Expanding our tool kit: A new technique that compliments TFT and EMDR. Family Therapy Networker, 24(5), 71-82.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In recent years, increasing numbers of therapists have discovered the effectiveness of neurologically based therapy techniques, such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Thought Field Therapy (TFT), not only for trauma, but for a wide range of problems, including anxiety, anger, grief and phobias. Like most therapeutic approaches, however, they provide remarkable results for one client and little or no results for another, no matter how skilled the therapist. Even more mysterious, they can significantly help a client with one problem, but not with a different problem. For instance, Sarah, age 40, had been suffering from depression for five years. The depression was triggered by the death of her father, loss of a good-paying job due to downsizing and her fiance's breaking off their engagement--all within a one-year period. After six months of increasing anxiety and worsening depression (accompanied by low energy, disinterest in life and withdrawal from social situations), Sarah entered therapy. Biweekly sessions for the next three years, which frequently included EMDR, significantly reduced her anxiety, but did not alleviate the depression. Nor did antidepressants. Years before, I had had a similar experience. EMDR had sharply reduced my obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but didn't help my depression. TFT eliminated recurring anger, but also didn't help my depression.

In the course of five years of research into neurologically based approaches, I happened upon a working hypothesis that explains such inconsistent results. The side-to-side eye movements of EMDR that activate the left and right hemispheres of the brain seem to help people resolve problems based on a lack of communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The tapping, or front/back stimulation of acupuncture points, in TFT is effective when there is a lack of communication between the front and back of the nervous system (controlled by the energy center, well known to acupuncturists and martial artists, that lies below the navel). And since we are three-dimensional creatures, I hypothesized that some problems stem from a lack of communication between the top and bottom of the nervous system as well, which I correlate with the brain and the enteric nervous system of the digestive tract (the source of gut feelings). Working from this hypothesis, I have also developed processes to reintegrate the top/bottom dimension.

I have found that although certain emotions tend to be based within a given neurological dimension (indecisiveness is often in left/right, anxiety in front/back and depression in top/bottom, for example), a client may experience any emotion as a block within any dimension or combination of dimensions. As a result, depending upon both the client and the specific problem being addressed, a therapist might need to use techniques that facilitate integration of the left/right, front/back and/or top/bottom dimensions of the nervous system. When a client is blocked within two or three dimensions of the nervous system, working within just one dimension will sometimes activate healing across the entire nervous system. If this does not happen, it is then necessary to work in the remaining dimensions.

From these hypotheses I developed a system called Shifting Consciousness through Dimensions (SCtD), which provides therapists ways to assess the dimension(s) the client is blocked in, processes to identify, if necessary, which dimension to start with and specific integrating techniques for each dimension.

Keywords: TFT Thought Field Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

112. Loris, M., & Johnson, D. R. (2001, December). Case study: Client treatment preference and imaginal exposure in three cognitive behavioral PTSD treatment. Poster presented at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This case discussion will examine the intervention of EMDR (Shapiro, 1989), Prolonged Exposure (Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs & Murdock, 1990), and the Counting Method (Ochberg, 1996) on three adult female patients with PTSD symptoms. A recent treatment outcome study of 40 female trauma victims (Johnson and Lubin, 2001 in press) comparing these three treatments finds that the efficacy of the three treatments is supported and that the element of imaginal exposure may be the critical therapeutic factor. The presentation of these three cases focuses on the issue of client’s treatment preference and client personality traits as factors which may interface with imaginal exposure in treatment efficacy.

Keywords: Counting Method Prolonged Exposure Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

113. Groenendijk, M. (2009). Casus 14 – Ik! Ben! Goed!: Een cliënte van 55 jaar met een dissociatieve identiteitsstoornis (DIS) [Case 14 - I! Am! Good!: A woman of 55 years with a dissociative identity disorder (DIS)]. In H. K. Hornsveld & S. Berendsen (Eds.), Casusboek EMDR, 25 voorbeelden uit de praktijk (1st Ed.), (pp. 205-222). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum. doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7358-1_21.

Language: Dutch

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Miranda is 55 jaar en getrouwd met Peter, garagehouder. Zij hebben twee volwassen kinderen (een zoon en een dochter) en twee kleinkinderen. Miranda woont in een klein dorp in het noorden van het land. Tot acht jaar geleden werkte ze als administratief medewerkster op een kantoor, maar zij kwam in de ziektewet wegens problemen op het werk en in haar huwelijk. Ze meldde zich aan voor behandeling en bij haar werd als diagnose gesteld: reactieve depressie en sociale fobie bij een persoonlijkheid met ontwijkende trekken. Na een ambulante start werd ze aangemeld voor klinische psychotherapie en gedurende deze opname kwam voor het eerst haar geschiedenis met ernstig seksueel misbruik ter sprake. Op de deeltijdbehandeling die daarop volgde, kreeg ze steeds meer last van dissociatieve klachten. Ook thuis namen deze klachten toe en kreeg ze woedeaanvallen. Ze ging's nachts geregeld zwerven. Ze werd heropgenomen en nu werd de diagnose DIS gesteld. In de kliniek werden in het kader van traumaverwerking enkele EMDR-sessies gedaan, maar dit had weinig resultaat. Miranda herinnert zich er nauwelijks iets van.

Miranda is 55 years and married to Peter, mechanic. They have two grown children (a son and a daughter) and two grandchildren. Miranda lives in a small village in the north of the country. Until eight years ago she worked as an administrative assistant at an office, but she was on sick leave due to problems at work and in her marriage. She signed up for treatment and was considered its diagnosis: reactive depression and social phobia with avoidant personality in a draw. After a patient start, she was signed up for clinical psychotherapy and during this recording first came her history with sexual abuse seriously discussed. On the day hospital treatment that followed, she was increasingly suffering from dissociative symptoms. Also took home these complaints, and she rages. She went regularly roam at night. She was re-recorded and now the diagnosis was made DIS. In the clinic under some EMDR trauma processing sessions done, but this had little effect. Miranda remembers hardly anything.

Keywords: DID Dissociative Identity Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

114. Verster, M (2009). Casus 22 – Vage kinderherinnering als sleutel naar herstel: Vaginismeklachten bij een jonge vrouw [Case 22 – A vague childhood memory as the key to recovery: Vaginismus symptoms in a young woman]. In H. K. Hornsveld & S. Berendsen (Eds.), Casusboek EMDR, 25 voorbeelden uit de praktijk (1st Ed.), (pp. 305-311). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum. doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7358-1_32.

Language: Dutch

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Eva wordt naar mij verwezen nadat verschillende behandelingen in verband met vaginisme geen resultaat hadden. Eva is 24 jaar en heeft zolang zij zich kan heugen problemen met vrijen. Vanaf haar eerste seksuele ervaring toen zij 16 jaar was heeft zij last van pijn bij het vrijen en lukt het haar niet om geslachtsgemeenschap te hebben. Eva heeft sinds viereneenhalf jaar een vaste relatie en woont sinds een jaar samen. Eva is tevreden over haar relatie, al is seksualiteit sluimerend altijd een beladen onderwerp tussen hen beiden gebleven.

Eve is referred to me after several treatments related to vaginismus had not produced. Eva is 24 years and as long as they can remember problems with sex. From her first sexual experience when she was 16 she in pain during sex and she managed not to have sexual intercourse. Eva has been four and a half years a steady relationship and has lived together one year. Eva is happy about her relationship, though dormant sexuality is always a charged issue between them remained.

Keywords: Vaginismus Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

115. Miller, P., McGowan, I., McLaughlin, D., & Paterson, M. (2010, April). Cessation of symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia following EMDR. Presentation at 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Background: Despite over a 100 years experience with schizophrenia it is still only a minority of individuals who make a full recovery. Schizophrenia is a severe enduring mental illness (SMI) and the weight of burden falls with regard to legal problems, stigma and life expectancy: life expectancy in this group of individuals is reduced by 10 years, mostly as a consequence of suicide.
Aim: The aim of the presentation is to highlight the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia. Using a case study approach we will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in relieving the symptoms of dissociative schizophrenia.
Case Study: In Patient ‘M’ using an EMDR paradigm integration was achieved using only outpatient therapy – 12 sessions, over the course of one year. Medication was used initially but made no impact on the psychotic phenomena; even when used within normally efficacious levels and duration. Naltrexone was used to help manage dissociation (Frewen & Lanius, 2006) and to facilitate Patient ‘M’ in engaging in EMDR. Patient ‘M’ is now nearly three years symptom free and medication free.
Conclusion: EMDR is effective in symptoms associated with dissociative symptoms.
Learning Outcomes By the end of the session participants will be able to; Gain an greater understanding of the clinical presentation of dissociative schizophrenia Discuss the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia

Keywords: Dissociative Schizophrenia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

116. Allen, J. G. (2003). Challenges in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and attachment trauma. Current Women’s Health Reports, 3, 213–220.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Treating women suffering from trauma poses significant challenges. The diagnostic prototype of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is based on single-event trauma, such as sexual assault in adulthood. Several effective cognitivebehavioral treatments for such traumas have been developed, although many treated patients continue to experience residual symptoms. Even more problematic is the complex developmental psychopathology stemming from a lifetime history of multiple traumas, often beginning with maltreatment in early attachment relationships. A history of attachment trauma undermines the development of capacities to regulate emotional distress and thereby complicates the treatment of acute trauma in adulthood. Such complex trauma requires a multifaceted treatment approach that must balance processing of traumatic memories with strategies to contain the intense emotions this processing evokes. Moreover, conducting such treatment places therapists at risk for secondary trauma such that trauma therapists also must process this stressful experience and implement strategies to regulate their own distress.

Keywords: Attachment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

117. Wesselmann, D., & Potter, A. E. (2009). Change in adult attachment status following treatment with EMDR: Three case dtudies. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3),178-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.178.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Three case studies illustrate pre- and post-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) adult attachment status as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Two adult males and one adult female presented for outpatient therapy; all of them were categorized with an insecure or disorganized attachment status at pretreatment. All presented with symptoms of depression and anxiety and complaints regarding problems in their current marital and family relationships. The three patients received 10 to 15 EMDR sessions over the course of approximately 1 year, interspersed with talk therapy sessions for the purpose of debriefing and psychoeducation. The EMDR approach utilized all eight phases of treatment within the three-pronged approach. Following EMDR therapy, all three patients made positive changes in attachment status as measured by the AAI, and all three reported positive changes in emotions and relationships. This article provides an overview of the literature related to adult attachment categories and summarizes the effect of adult attachment status on emotional and social functioning. The rationale and scoring procedures for the AAI are explained.

Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Outcome Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

118. Wesselman, D. (2009, June). Changes in attachment status in an adult survivor of abuse and neglect after six months of EMDR treatment. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Ms. Wessleman presented a preview of a single case report she has in press in the Journal of EMDR showing significant changes in attachment status in an adult survivor of abuse and neglect after six months of EMDR treatment as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview. She also described research she now has nearly completed on treat of adult survivors who had completed 1 year of DBT group treatment and then were randomly assigned to either individual DBT or to EMDR treatment. She noted the high drop out rate from the group DBT treatment and indicated that the EMDR treatment group was unique in showing changed in PTSD related symptoms.

Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Dropout Rates

Accuracy Verified: No

119. Inoue, N., Nawa, J., Katoh, T., & Shirakawa, M. (2010, July). Changes in personality functioning over the course of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing trauma therapy: Findings on the early changes. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: Although eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is said not only to reduce trauma-related symptoms but also to enhance ability to function in life, its effectiveness in other than reducing trauma-related symptoms has yet to be verified. The objective of this study was to explore the broad range of effectiveness of EMDR, especially changes in the personality functioning during the early phase of treatment. Methods: Using the non-randomized design, we assessed and compared the treatment changes in subjects treated with EMDR and subjects who participated in the psycho-education course of trauma. Eligible subjects were adult women who experienced human-caused trauma such as domestic violence, rape, or childhood abuse. The Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) was used as the first outcome measure to evaluate personality functioning, and self-report questionnaires and a clinical interview for trauma-related symptoms were used as the secondary outcome measures. Subjects of both groups were assessed at the time of enrollment in the study and 4 months after the enrollment. We completed the evaluation of 5 and 6 subjects in the EMDR and the control group, respectively. Results: The CS index for self-esteem and self-concern was improved in the EMDR sample compared with the controls. Women treated with EMDR showed increased openness to internal and external stimuli (assessed by CS F%), whereas some women in the control group even developed a tendency to avoid internal and external stimuli after 4 months. Conclusion: The differences of early changes in personality functioning between the EMDR group and the controls will be discussed in detail.

Keywords: Changes in Personality Functioning Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

120. Frustaci, A., Lanza, G. A., Fernandez, F., di Giannantonio, M., & Pozzi, G. (2010). Changes in psychological symptoms and heart rate variability during EMDR treatment: A case series of subthreshold PTSD. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(1), 3-11. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.1.3 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Elevated psychophysiological parameters and heightened physiological reactivity to trauma-related cues are acquired changes following trauma exposure. Measuring improvement in these variables is an appropriate evaluation of outcome in treatment studies. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a computerized measure of physiological responsivity derived from Holter ECG recording. Four female outpatients with persistent post-traumatic symptoms and personal impairment following “small t” trauma exposure underwent a course of EMDR treatment and were assessed at baseline, end of treatment, day 30 and day 90 of followup, using self-report symptom scales and 90-min Holter ECG recordings. Symptom scores decreased between baseline and end of treatment, with improvement maintained at follow-up. Several HRV measures changed favorably in different recording intervals. HRV is a feasible and sensitive method to measure physiological changes in the treatment of individuals distressed by “small t” trauma. Further investigation is advisable to expand these preliminary data.

Keywords: Case Series Heart Rate Variability HRV IES Small T Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

121. Oh, D., & Choi, J. (2004). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after EMDR: A SPECT study of two cases. Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry, 11(2), 173-180.

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Over the last decade, EMDR(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. Authors report SPECT findings of two patients of PTSD before and after EMDR.Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT was performed before and after EMDR treatment. To evaluate the significance of changes in the regional cerebral perfusion, t-test was conducted on the resulting images using SPM99 . In addition, clinical scales(CAPS, CGI, STAI) were employed to asses the changes in the clinical symptoms of the patients. After EMDR treatment, each showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms. The cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences in the cerebral perfusion between patients after treatment and normal controls decreased. These changes appeared mainly in the limbic area the and the prefrontal cortex.These results suggest that EMDR may show the therapeutic effect through 1) improvement in the emotional control by increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, 2) inhibited hyperstimuli on amygdala by deactivation of the association cortex, 3) inhibition on past trauma related memory, and 4) keeping the functional balance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. This case report needs further replication from studies with larger sample. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brain Imagining Adults Females Koreans Motor Vehicle Accidents Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD: Rape SPECT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

122. Omaha, J. (1998, July). Chemotion and EMDR: An EMDR treatment protocol based on a psychodynamic model chemical dependency. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chemical dependency is a pervasive and rapidly growing problem in western societies. Chemical dependencies means obsessive and compulsive use of legal and illegal substances that is not affected by adverse consequences resulting from their consumption and is further characterized by denial of the relationship between consequences and consumption, by tolerance for the chemical, and by symptoms of withdrawal when the substance is unavailable. For the purposes of this paper, legal and illegal substances discussed include alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, hallucinogens, and prescription medications.

Keywords: Chemical Dependency Chemotion Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

123. Adler-Tapia, R. L. (2012, June). Child psychotherapy: Integrating developmental theory into clinical practice. New York, NY: Spring Publishing.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Children are often diagnosed and medicated without the consideration that their symptoms may actually be a healthy response to stressful life events. This integrative guide for mental health practitioners who work with children underscores the importance of considering the etiology of a child's symptoms within a developmental framework before making a diagnosis. By providing advanced training and skills for working with children, the book guides the therapist, step-by-step, through assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment with a focus on the tenets of child development and a consideration of the impact of distressing life events. The book first addresses child development and the evolution of child psychotherapy from the perspectives of numerous disciplines, including recent findings in neurodevelopment trauma, attachment, and neurobiology. It discusses assessment measures, the impact of divorce and the forensic/legal environment on clinical practice, recommendations for HIPAA compliance, evidence-based best practices for treating children, and the requirements for an integrated treatment approach. Woven throughout are indications for case conceptualization including consideration of a child's complete environment. This book provides an integrative approach to child psychotherapy from the perspective of healthy development through the lens of EMDR.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

124. Greenwald, R. (1999, June). Child trauma measures for research and practice. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This is a practical guide to objectively scored measures of child/adolescent post-traumatic stress symptoms. It is geared to the field-based researcher and the practicing clinician, who must balance scientific value with the limitations inherent in clinical practice settings. This is not a comprehensive review, but rather a selective sampling of those instruments most likely to be usefbl in the above contexts. Additional information on child trauma assessment is available at www.childtrauma.com or by contacting the author.

Keywords: Children Poster Practice Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

125. Monahan, K., & Forgash, C. (2012, March). Childhood sexual abuse and adult physical and dental health outcomes. In E. A. Kalfoğlu & R. Faikoglu (Eds.), Sexual Abuse - Breaking the Silence (pp. 137-152). Intechopen.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Along the same lines, evidence-based assessment and interventions must be in line with the finding of how significant the subjective impressions of sexual assault are for incarcerated older adults in treatment. A promising intervention that is being piloted in the criminal justice system with younger age groups is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR specifically targets change in subjective units of distress among trauma survivors, particularly sexual abuse survivors, which in turn reduces post traumatic stress symptoms (Kitchiner, 2000). Moreover, previous research with incarcerated juvenile offenders shows that EMDR can work in reducing post traumatic stress reactivity resulting in less violent behavior and conduct problems among samples. Its utility for older adults, especially those with histories of sexual assault victimization and perpetration is perhaps a promising intervention. The use of evidence-based practices suggests that untreated trauma and grief are related to increased adult recidivism rates (Leach et al., 2008). Therefore, treating psychological distress and untreated symptoms effectively, which involves both screening and treatment that captures subjective experiences, may help to break the cycle of recidivism and in some case sexual offending. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Dental Health Physical Health

Accuracy Verified: Yes

126. Greenwald, R. (1997). Children's mental health care in the 21st century: Eliminating the trauma burden. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry On-Line.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Contemporary child mental health care is compared unfavorably to its medical counterpart, which offers prevention and early intervention in addition to treatment of symptoms. Child trauma, broadly defined., is characterized as a ubiquitous, under-treated, primary source of psychopathology. Traumatic experiences which remain unintegrated accumulate as a trauma burden, leading to reactivity and impairment. Two recently developed trauma-focused interventions atre described: critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Combined with screening and early identification of traumatized children, CISD and EMDR can be used economically for widespread elimination of the trauma burden.

Keywords: Children Mental Health Care Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

127. Greenwald, R. (1995, June). Children-case presentations. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One major limitation of EMDR is that it is an individual treatment modality. However, individual treatment of a child may be insuflicient, and broader interventions are often required. This is especially likely when environmental forces are unsupportive or in opposition to the healing process. This presentation will focus on the use of EMDR on several levels in child treatment, including individual treatment of traumatic memories, enhancing family support for healing, and addressing family obstacles to healing. Format will include lecture, vignettes, and a video case presentation of the EMDR treatment of a young girl who had been raped by a babysitter, along with the EMDR treatment of her older brother who bullied her. Assessment of child problems includes consideration of many factors. The focus here will be on the child's trauma history, and on the current family situation it pertains to treatment of the child's traumatic memories. Methods of assessment addressed here include interview of the child and the parent, observation of family interactions, and observation of the child's progress, both during and after EMDR treatment. A number of interventions are available to enhance or augment individual EMDR treatment of the child. Vignettes will be presented to illustrate the following interventions: referral to family therapy when successful EMDR highlighted the symptom's functional role; EMDR with a parent to reduce reactivity to the child; and prompting the parent(s) to produce statements and behaviors to be used later as content for installations. A challenging case will be presented in which a family, though motivated, demonstrated a number of behaviors which threatened to undermine the child's treatment. The family consisted of a single father in his late twenties, an eight year-old boy, and a seven-yearold girl. The presenting problem was the girl's ongoing post-traumatic symptoms, particularly nightmares and social withdrawal, some two years after having been raped by a babysitter. (the boy also had social and behavioral problems in school.) Unfortunately, the "lessons" of the girl's traumatic experience were frequently reinforced in the family context, through the brother's bullying of his younger sister, the father's complicity in the bullying, and the father's own tendency to be overly controlling and threatening. Treatment began with two family sessions and one with the father alone. The next three sessions were split to provide some individual time for each child as well as for the father. The seventh, final session included a family meeting and then some time for each individual. Work with the father was difficult and slow, as he was very defensive regarding his own possible contributions to his children's problems. Early interventions included delicate attempts to help the father understand the effect of his yelling and threatening - even though he was no longer in the habit of physically striking his children. Meanwhile, in part to enhance the therapeutic alliance, the primary focus was on direct treatment of the children. Some of this is shown on video. The girl was asked to draw a picture of her bad dream, and then to draw it "all better." She first drew a dark picture of a large man with fangs dripping blood. The next picture was of a nicer man on a sunny day. This activity was used as part of her introduction to the upcoming EMDR work. In the next session she agreed to do EMDR and completed processing in 25 minutes. The following session she indicated that the memory was no longer disturbing, and many of the symptoms had disappeared. She began to raise her next concern, by playing with a doll and a baby bottle, and complaining that she did not get to see her mother enough. Over the same three sessions the boy was also treated with EMDR for a number of relatively minor traumatic memories, including a car accident, the loss of two pets, and a vision of the devil. Despite apparently successfull processing, he was unable to conclude that he was a "good boy," due to evidence to the contrary: memories of his father's anger at him. Cognitive interweave was used to access a sense of inner goodness. The bullying behavior reportedly disappeared both at home and at school, and he also moved on, to express concerns about missing his mother. Treatment was interrupted due to a change in insurance coverage, so continued treatment and follow-up was not accomplished. This case illustrates some ways that EMDR can be enlisted to address aspects of the family context which may constitute obstacles to healing. The girl's brother was treated with EMDR to reduce his mistreatment of her; and the boy's sense of badness, largely gained by interaction with his father, was overcome by accessing internal resources in the absence of parental support. In conclusion, EMDR can play multiple roles in both the diagnosis and treatment of family obstacles to healing.

Keywords: Case Presentations Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

128. Yang, Y., & Wu, W. (2008, June). A Chinese way to use ‘safe place’ in grief work. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Every culture has its special way to deal with grief. In Chinese culture which is collectivism-oriented, people deal with grief not only in a society context, but also have a lot of connection with the bereaved ones. We found that it is hard to help the clients to be stabilized and work with EMDR on their grief before you help them to find a “Safe place” to settle their bereaved ones down. Hence, we use a modified “safe place” technique to help the clients to create a “heaven” for their loved ones, a “place” they can visit to say “hello” again to their bereaved ones. Our presentation will how we did that in a case series of adults and children by using imaginary ways and artistic ways. Using EMDR as standard protocol was effective to remove the symptoms and got the SUDs down.

Keywords: Chinese Grief Poster Safe Place

Accuracy Verified: Yes

129. van Hoof, E. (2005, June). Chronic fatigue syndrome and EMDR, a favourable combination. In EMDR in the extreme, chronic fatigue and peak performance. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex, sometimes controversial and often confusing condition characterized principally by persistent, unexplained physical and mental fatigue. Researchers and clinicians continue to debate many aspects of CFS. The influence of stress, in conjunction with infection, was introduced early on as a possible cause of chronic illnesses such as CFS.
Patients themselves often report that a virus combined with stress were the triggers of their illness. The etiology and pathophysiology of CFS will be clear to all attending the presentation as well as where and when EMDR should be applied in CFS.

Keywords: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CFS Peak Performance Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

130. CIGNA HealthCare (2008, June 15). Cigna Healthcare Coverage Position: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Revised June 15, 2008, .

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Systematic reviews: Van Etten et al. (1998) conducted a meta-analysis of the literature regarding treatments for PTSD. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of various treatments for PTSD. A total of 41 studies were included, that yielded sixty-one treatment outcome trials. Eleven studies were included that examined EMDR. The authors report that behavior therapy and EMDR were the most effective psychological therapies for PTSD, with the two being generally equally efficacious. The review noted that behavior therapy was significantly more effective than all treatments, on observer-rated total PTSD symptoms and no differences in comparative treatment efficacy were discernable between behavior therapy and EMDR across the specific symptom domains of PTSD. It was noted that effect sizes for these therapies were large relative to control conditions, indicating good treatment acceptance. It was also noted, however, that “despite its apparent efficacy, what works in EMDR and the mechanism for how it works remains unclear. That is, we know little about the active ingredients in EMDR and the mechanisms by which these ingredients result in decreased PTSD symptoms.” The literature is not conclusive regarding the role of eye-movement in this treatment.

Keywords: Practice Guidelines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

131. Munker-Kramer, E. (2007, June). CISD and EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Both EMDR and CISD have their positions in the treatment of PTSD and Acute Stress Disorders. They are parts of clear concepts of best practice in crisis and disaster and psychology (e.g., as one focused part CISD) in the immediate care and evaluated trauma therapy methods (with EMDR as a crucial example of well researched trauma therapy) for aftercare. It is very important for the best support of concerned persons and survivors to have good and vice versa supporting management of the interfaces on this continuum.
This lecture will emphasize the author’s opinion on the best possibilities to combine both parts and positions. This will be underlined by some actual research findings on the needs of concerned person and their perception on what they get.
The way of combining both specialized methods will be discussed out of a practitioner’s (in both methods) point of view and will be illustrated by some concrete cases. A senseful combination of EMDR and CISD and a precise consideration and screening for genuine and known risk factors and leading symptoms (e.g., hyperarousal) seem to be a good practice for those starting to suffer from stress disorders.

Keywords: CISD Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

132. Loris, M., & Johnson, D. R. (2001, December). Client treatment preference and imaginal exposure in three cognitive behavioral PTSD treatments. Presentation at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This case discussion will examine the intervention of EMDR (Shapiro, 1989), Prolonged Exposure (Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs & Murdock, 1990), and the Counting Method (Ochberg, 1996) on three adult female patients with PTSD symptoms. A recent treatment outcome study of 40 female trauma victims (Johnson and Lubin, 2001 in press) comparing these three treatments finds that the efficacy of the three treatments is supported and that the element of imaginal exposure may be the critical therapeutic factor. The presentation of these three cases focuses on the issue of client’s treatment preference and client personality traits as factors which may interface with imaginal exposure in treatment efficacy.

Keywords: Imaginal Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

133. Opdyke, D. C. (1995, May). Clinical efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Georgia State University. AAT 9608510.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has gained notoriety as a brief treatment for PTSD. In EMDR, clients repeatedly bring up traumatic events in memory and visually track stimuli moving back and forth in front of them. Previous group studies of EMDR have had methodological problems, however. The present study attempted to (1) assess EMDR's effectiveness compared to an Eye Focus treatment controlling for eye movement; (2) compare both treatments to a wait-list control; and (3) rate therapist characteristics to check experimenter bias.20 participants suffering from PTSD were randomly assigned to either EMDR or Eye Focus (EF) treatments, and immediate treatment or wait-list conditions. After two 90-minute treatment sessions, outcomes were assessed on subjective measures of anxiety (SUDs) and cognitive beliefs (VOCs). The mean SUDs pre-post differences on matched pairs t-tests indicated significant reduction of disturbance for both the EMDR group, p < .001, and the Eye Focus group, p < .001. VOC ratings showed similar treatment gains. Two-factor analyses assessed changes across groups (2 administrations x 2 treatment groups) on two standardized measures, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale (MPSS). The IES showed a main effect for treatment F (2, 18) = 16.45, p < .001, while wait-list remained unchanged F (2, 18) = 1.09, p > .05. A significant interaction F (2, 18) = 6.69, p < .05 supported treatment efficacy. EMDR and EF participants improved equally on the IES, i.e., no differences for type of treatment, F (2, 18) = 0.54, p > .05. The MPSS also showed a main effect for treatment, F (2, 18) = 6.46, p < .05, with wait-list unchanged, F (2, 18) = 0.27, p > .05. This interaction was not significant, p =.10. Further, both EMDR and EF groups demonstrated improvement on the MPSS. Results suggest that (1) EMDR and Eye Focus are both effective in reducing some self-reported PTSD symptoms; (2) EMDR and Eye Focus scores improved significantly compared to wait-list; and (3) ratings of experimenter bias suggested that the EMDR and Eye Focus participants were treated equally by the therapist. Future comparison studies should use larger samples, independent assessors, and equally-trained independent therapists. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(11-B), May 1996, pp. 6402

Keywords: Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

134. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Santed, A., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro, F., & Amann, B. (2012, June). Clinical remission and functional modulation of the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient after EMDR psychotherapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Purpose of the study: Some patients with bipolar disorder do not show complete remission between episodes, but continue to exhibit subsyndromal mood symptoms [1]. One factor related may be comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has been found to be present in 16% to 39% of patients with bipolar disorder [2]. We describe the first case of an unstable bipolar II patient with history of various traumas that received Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy and also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after the EMDR treatment to explore its effect on the brain’s neural networks.

Keywords: Bipolar Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

135. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There is increasing evidence to support the biological basis of mental disorders. Subsequently, understanding the neurobiological context from which mental distress arises can help counselors appropriately apply cognitive behavioral therapy and other well-researched cognitive interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the neurobiological context underlying the formation and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders, a mental disorder frequently encountered by counselors, from a cognitive therapy framework.
Recent changes to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) accreditation standards include the need for counselors-in-training to understand the neurobiological basis of behavior, which marks a new direction for the training of professional counselors who have historically reacted ambivalently toward medical models for understanding client concerns and treatments. Yet recent findings in neuroscience actually support the verbally based interventions that counselors typically use in treatment; therefore, there is much to be gained by counselors and counselor educators in understanding the basics of human neurobiology and how commonly used counseling interventions intervene on these biological systems. The National Institute of Mental Health (2010) stated in a recent strategic plan that “Important discoveries in areas such as genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science largely account for the substantial gains in knowledge that have helped us to understand the complexities of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders over the past 15 years” (“Introduction,” para. 4).
Given the increasingly biological focus of mental health research, the practicing counselor is faced with the task of understanding and using the emerging mental health treatments and explaining to clients, to reimbursing agencies, and to the broader public how counseling fits within the medically dominated mental health culture. Some counselors have long reacted ambivalently toward the pathologically oriented diagnostic categories of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system and the medication-dominated world of psychiatry. For example, the contrasting viewpoints on this issue were published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between Allen and Mary Ivey (1998, 1999) and Scott Hinkle (1999). Ivey and Ivey (1998) argued for a developmental interpretation to the DSM-IV, opposing what they called the “pathological view” (p. 334) of the manual. According to Ivey and Ivey, disorders could be viewed through a positive development tradition to lie not within the individual but within the contextual systems in which a person lives. Subsequently, disorders are viewed as a “logical response to a developmental history” (Ivey & Ivey, 1999, p. 484). By contrast, Hinkle (1999) argued that because anxiety and depressive disorders “are the most common clinical symptoms associated with presentation to counseling” (p. 475), the counseling profession is weakened if counselors shy away from direct participation in the DSM nomenclature and treatment parlance. As Hinkle indicated, “mental disorders according to the medical model describe disease processes, not people” (p. 475). Regardless of the reader's philosophical perspective, practicing counselors know participation in medical and psychiatric systems is necessary at times. Also, recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience are providing evidence that interventions often used by counselors have direct physiological impact on client neurobiology (Kennedy et al., 2007; Linden, 2006). For example, Felmingham et al. (2007) demonstrated significant differences in brain activity before and after 8 weeks of exposure therapy, which correlated with a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Similarly, Paquette et al. (2003) found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alters the activation and metabolism of specific brain regions following successful treatment of spider phobia. These findings, along with others (for a detailed review, see Beauregard, 2007; Frewen, Dozois, & Lanius, 2008), are significant because they support the techniques, interventions, and approaches used by counselors and provide a mechanism by which counseling positively affects brain physiology. Within the emerging physiologically based treatment milieu, counselors should be prepared to articulate how cognitive counseling interventions make measurable changes to the client. Although cognitive-behavioral-based approaches are effective in the treatment of a number of psychiatric illnesses, adult PTSD is arguably one of the best understood mental disorders from a neurological perspective. It thus presents a valuable model for exploring not only the basic tenets of neurobiology but also the mechanisms behind its successful treatment. Furthermore, PTSD is a disorder that counselors will likely encounter in practice.
PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization. Thus, it provides a clear example of how, even in adulthood, neurological adaptation (in this case maladaptive changes) can functionally “rewire” the brain in a short period of time, resulting in a sustained array of clinical symptoms. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD are a history of exposure to a traumatic event meeting two criteria and symptoms from each of three symptom clusters: intrusive recollections, avoidant/numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. A fifth criterion concerns duration of symptoms and a sixth assesses functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 (Kessler et al., 2005), determined that the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD among American adults is 6.8%, with women (9.7%) twice as likely as men (3.6%) to have the disorder at some point in their lives. These findings are very similar to those of the first National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the early 1990s (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), which was composed of interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans ages 15 to 54 years. In this earlier sample, the estimated prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 7.8% in the general population. As in the more recent survey, women (10.4%) were more than twice as likely as men (5%) to have PTSD at some point in their lives (Kessler et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 1995).

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Neurobiological Basis of Behavior Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

136. Ho, M. S. K., & Lee, C. W. (2012). Cognitive behaviour therapy versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for post-traumatic disorder: Is it all in the homework then?. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 253-260. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.08.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introduction: Treatment of choice for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is either eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) or trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (TFCBT). Objective: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to determine whether there are any differences between these two treatments with respect to efficacy and efficiency in treating PTSD. Method: We performed a comprehensive literature search using several electronic search engines as well as manual searches of other review papers. Eight original studies involving 227 participants were identified in this manner. Results: There were no differences between EMDR and TFCBT on measures of PTSD. However, there was a significant advantage for EMDR over TFCBT in reducing depression (Hedge's g = 0.63). The analysis also indicated a difference in the prescribed homework between the treatments. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between hours of homework and gains in depression and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: These findings are discussed in terms of efficacy and cost-effectiveness and the use of homework in therapy.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

137. Otto, M. W., Penava, S. J., Pollack, R. A., & Smoller, J. W. (1996). Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacologic perspectives on the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. In M. H. Pollack, M. W. Otto, & J. F. Rosenbaum (Eds.). Challenges in clinical practice: Pharmacologic and psychosocial strategies (pp. 219-260). New York: Guilford Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The following sections consider biologic and cognitive-behavioral perspectives on PTSD and strategies for its treatment. Pharmacologic strategies examined to date have included treatment with beta-adrenergic blockers and alpha-adrenergic agonists, benzodiazepines, antikindling agents, mood stabilizers, and various antidepressants. Exposure-based treatments have been included in a number of approaches to the disorder, but have received the most direct attention in cognitive-behavioral conceptualizations. Each of these interventions has the potential to change one aspect or a constellation of PTSD symptoms, and must be evaluated relative to the number of symptom domains that each affects. [Text, p. 222]

Keywords: Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy Drug Therapy Literature Review Neurobiology Psychopharmacology PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

138. Jayatunge, R. M. (2008). Combating tsunami disaster through EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 140-145. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.140.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
After the 2004 tsunami devastation in Sri Lanka, many citizens experienced severe psychological reactions. The effectiveness of EMDR is illustrated in the treatment of 7 of these individuals: 3 children and 2 adults with PTSD symptoms and 2 adults with depressive symptoms. After 3-8 sessions of EMDR the symptoms were eradicated and these clients were free from their depressive feelings, anxieties, intrusions, and nightmares, were able to function normally, and were able to lead productive lives. These outcomes replicate those in the research literature demonstrating that EMDR is an efficacious treatment for PTSD in general, with specific utility for disaster-related PTSD. It is recommended that future controlled studies be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EMDR in the immediate aftermath of disasters and to assess its effectiveness with major depressive disorder. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Children Disaster Recent Events South Asia Sri Lanka Tsunami

Accuracy Verified: Yes

139. Lovett, J. M. (1999, June). Combining EMDR with play therapy to treat a 3-year old with severe PTSD: A case study. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) to recognize a range of posttraumatic symptoms of young children who are neonatal intensive care nursery graduates; 2) to integrate EMDR into play therapy to address these posttraumatic symptoms; 3) to identify parental beliefs whic may interfere with resolution of the child's posttraumatic symptoms; and 4) brief intervention with EMDR that can be helpful to parents.

Keywords: Case Study Children Neonatal Intensive Care Play Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

140. Davis, N. (1998, July). Combining visual imagery and EMDR to treat traumatic symptoms of rape, child abuse, and sudden loss of a loved one. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) how to use visual imagery are a part of EMDR with rape victims who are terrified of their rapist; 2) how to use visual imagery as a part of EMDR with adults, adoelscents, and children who have been abused as a way of empowering them; and 3) how to implant a positive memory of a loved one who died suddenly once EMDR has eliminated the negative flashbacks or images associated wth death.

Keywords: Child Abuse Loss Rape Visual Imagery

Accuracy Verified: Yes

141. Cervera, M., & Acinas, P. (2012, June). Como puede la combinacion entre el EMDR y la imaginacion tartar casos con sept complejo, problemas de apego y disociacion? [How can EMDR and imagination combined, treat cases with complex PTSD, attachment and dissociative symptoms?]. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract: ABSTRACT: La integración del EMDR con el uso de la imaginación (See Far CBT, Lahad) como un abordaje para el tratamiento de SEPT Complejo. El uso de la imaginación con cartas terapéuticas dentro de la Realidad Fantástica es una estrategia poderosa para estos pacientes. El EMDR ha sido ampliamente investigado y aprobado como una de las terapias más efectivas en este campo.

ABSTRACT: Integrate EMDR with the use of Imagination (See Far CBT, Lahad) as an approach to treat Complex Trauma with PTSD. The use of Imagination with therapeutic cards within the world of Fantastic Reality is a new powerful coping strategy for these patients. EMDR has been widely researched in this area.

Keywords: Attachment Dissociation Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

142. Hogan, W. A. (2001, August). The comparative effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of depression. Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN. AAT 3004753.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a unique, short-term therapy shown to be effective in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Application of EMDR to the treatment of depression was considered based upon the relationship between negative life experience and symptom onset, a pattern common to both PTSD and depression. Evaluation of the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of depression was accomplished via a comparison with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Because EMDR has been shown to be effective in the treatment of PTSD, the impact of EMDR and CBT upon symptoms comorbid to depression was investigated. EMDR was also compared to CBT assessing the participants' satisfaction. The participants, 15 per treatment group, received either one session of EMDR or cognitive behavioral therapy within the first four sessions. Pre and posttreatment assessment utilized two standardized instruments evaluating self-report of depressive and global symptoms. Participant satisfaction was assessed using a rating scale at posttreatment. Both treatment groups reported significant reductions in depressive symptoms and global symptoms. There were no statistical differences between groups on the symptom measures at posttreatment. Four participants in the EMDR group reported near complete remission of depressive symptoms and large reductions in global symptoms. No participants in the CBT group exhibited this pattern of symptom reduction. Regarding participant satisfaction, participants perceived EMDR to be less negative than CBT primarily due to the increased awareness of negative thoughts common to cognitive behavioral therapy but not experienced in EMDR treatment. The similarity in symptom reduction reported for both groups suggested the undue influence of non-specific treatment effects. The marked remission of symptoms reported by the four participants in the EMDR group parallels the symptom reductions noted in EMDR studies of PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 62(2-B), Aug 2001, pp. 1082.

Keywords: Comorbidity CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Empirical Study Major Depression Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

143. Taylor, S., Thordarson, D., Maxfield, L., Fedoroff, I., Lovell, K., & Ogrodniczuk, J. (2003, April). Comparative efficacy, speed, and adverse effects of three PTSD treatments: Exposure therapy, EMDR, and relaxation training. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 330-338. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.2.330.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The authors examined the efficacy, speed, and incidence of symptom worsening for 3 treatments of PTSD: prolonged exposure, relaxation training, or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; N = 60). Treatments did not differ in attrition, in the incidence of symptom worsening, or in their effects on numbing and hyperarousal symptoms. Compared with EMDR and relaxation training, exposure therapy (a) produced significantly larger reductions in avoidance and reexperiencing symptoms, (b) tended to be faster at reducing avoidance, and (c) tended to yield a greater proportion of participants who no longer met criteria for PTSD after treatment. EMDR and relaxation did not differ from one another in speed or efficacy (Pilots).

Keywords: Adults Empirical Study Exposure Therapy Negative Therapeutic Reaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Relaxation Therapy Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Witnesses

Accuracy Verified: Yes

144. Williams, K. (2006, August). A comparative experimental treatment outcome study: Female survivors of sexual assault suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and trauma-related guilt – self-report and psychophysiological measures. Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, CAN.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Diverse psychotherapeutic approaches for treating trauma-related sequelae have emerged over the last several decades in response to the widespread prevalence of sexual assault and resultant posttraumatic stress disorder among women (PTSD). In a recent formal study (Grace, 2003), a newer treatment called one eye integration (OEI) has been shown to be effective for traumatized individuals. The purpose of this study was to build upon those findings by comparing the effectiveness of two treatments for reducing PTSD symptoms with a breathing, relaxation, autogenics, imagery, and grounding (BRAIN) control condition. Twenty-seven female rape or sexual assault survivors who met the criteria for PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Text-Revision, (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000) were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) a neurologically-based therapy called OEI, (b) an information processing model referred to as cognitive processing therapy-revised (CPT-R), or (c) a control condition (BRAIN), PTSD, depression, and trauma-related guilt symptoms were assessed pretreatment, posttreatment and at 3-month follow up, and qualitative electroencephalography (qEEG) brainwave patterns of two regions of the scalp (frontal and parietal) were measured pre and posttreatment. The following dependent measures were used: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and t he Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI). Though there were no significant differences in PTSD symptoms between groups from pretreatment to post treatment assessments, a significant difference occurred between pretreatment and 3-month follow up, with OEI manifesting greater reductions than CPT-R or BRAIN. There were no significant differences between groups in depression, but there was a reduction in BDI-II scores over time. Reduction in guilt-related symptoms occurred on several scales and subscales for all three groups over time from pretreatment of posttreatment assessments, though not significantly by group. A significant difference was found for the Global Guilt subscale at 3-month follow up, with greater improvement for the OEI group. Preliminary results from cortical brain activity assessments indicate typical qEEG asymmetry patterns for PTSD and depression, though there were no significant group differences apart from minor post hoc analyses. Implications of these findings for clinical work and directions for future research were discussed.

Keywords: Depression Female Guilt Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sexual Assault Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

145. Davidson, M. M., Potter, A. E., & Wesselmann, R. D. (2010, September/October). Comparing dialectical behavior therapy to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A phase-based trauma treatment pilot project. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Internation Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
• More effective methods to treat adults affected by childhood trauma, disturbed attachments, and adulthood intimate partner violence are critically needed. • Research utilizing Adult Attachment Interview (Hess, 1999) had found that when mothers hold unresolved memories of loss or childhood abuse, their children typically develop disorganized attachments and that when mothers are poorly or inconsistently responsive to their children’s cues, the children typically develop insecure attachments • A history of abuse by childhood attachment figures also increases the likelihood of becoming involved in domestic violence experiences in adulthood for both sexes (Gratz, 2009; Henderson et al, 2005) • Previous research has demonstrated that attachment experiences influence emotional functioning and vulnerability to emotion dysregulation (Critchheld et al, 2008). Numerous empirical works demonstrate the relationship between attachment style and aggression (e. g., Sockwaite et al, 2002; Henderson et al, 2005) • Emotion dysregulation and problems with impulse control and unstable relationships are common symptoms associated with childhood abuse by attachment figures (Fonagy, 1997; Bhipman et al, 2005) • Funding more effective treatment for problems in functioning related to childhood trauma and attachment issues is imperative. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are two approaches that have proven beneficial in treating individuals with borderline personality disorders and trauma, respectively, and thus, could prove beneficial as treatment modalities for childhood trauma and attachment problems • The current investigation is a pilot study aimed at evaluating a treatment protocol aimed at effectively assisting adults with a history of childhood abuse and/or intimate partner violence to regulate emotions, resolve childhood trauma, move toward a healthier and more secure attachment status, and reduce the risk of repeating the cycle of violence and child abuse. More specifically, this pilot project evaluated a phase-based trauma treatment program that included (a) a year-long, initial emotion regulation skills-training phases utilizing DBT and (b) a second phase of either 10 individual sessions of EMDR or 10 individual session focused on further DBT skills training

Keywords: DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

146. Abyar Hosseini, A., Vaziry, S., & Lofti, F (2010, July). Comparison between combine EMDR and drug with drug only in reduction symptoms and severity of obsessive compulsive disorder. Poster presented at the 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology, Melbourne, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This study was a comparison between the effects of combine eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and drug, with drug only, in the reduction of symptoms and severity obsessive compulsive disorder. Thirty patients that were assessed as suffering OCD by a psychiatrist were divided in two groups randomly (experimental and control groups). All subjects have been tested by Maudsley obsessive compulsive inventory (MOCI) and Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS). The experimental group learned EMDR and across 8 weeks, when they experienced disturb thought, used EMDR without compulsive behavior. During the 8 weeks, the control group just used drugs. Results showed a significant reduction of symptoms and severity of OCD in both groups but in the experimental group, the reduction was more effective and significant. Thus, to conclude, although EMDR has been used for PTSD symptom reduction, the present study revealed that this technique is also effective for the reduction of symptoms and the severity of OCD.

Keywords: Drug Treatment Obsessive Compilsive Disorder OCD Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

147. Simon, M. J. (2000, September). A comparison between EMDR and exposure for treating PTSD: A single-subject analysis. the Behavior Therapist, 23(8), 172-175.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The intent of this study is to use a single-subject analysis to compare the efficacy of EMDR to imaginal exposure for the treatment of PTSD. More specifically, this study compared exposure and EMDR for treating symptoms associated with the traumatic memories reported by two subjects diagnosed with PTSD. Standardized assessments were used to measure severity of trauma-related intrusive thoughts and sleep disturbances, whereas levels of symptoms were tracked throughout treatment and at 3-month follow-up. [Text, p. 173] [Pilots]

Keywords: Empirical Study Exposure Therapy Females Posttraumtic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

148. Jaberghaderi, N., Greenwald, R., Rubin, A., Zand, S. O., & Dolatabadim, S. (2004, September-October). A comparison of CBT and EMDR for sexually abused Iranian girls. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11(5), 358-368. doi:10.1002/cpp.395.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
14 randomly assigned Iranian girls ages 12-13 years who had been sexually abused received up to 12 sessions of CBT or EMDR treatment. Assessment of post-traumatic stress symptoms and problem behaviours was completed at pre-treatment and 2 weeks post-treatment. Both treatments showed large effect sizes on the post-traumatic symptom outcomes, and a medium effect size on the behaviour outcome, all statistically significant. A non-significant trend on self-reported post-traumatic stress symptoms favoured EMDR over CBT. Treatment efficiency was calculated by dividing change scores by number of sessions; EMDR was significantly more efficient, with large effect sizes on each outcome. Limitations include small N, single therapist for each treatment condition, no independent verification of treatment fidelity, and no long-term follow-up. These findings suggest that both CBT and EMDR can help girls to recover from the effects of sexual abuse, and that structured trauma treatments can be applied to children in Iran. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy CBT Child Abuse Cogntiive Behavorial Therapy Cognitive Therapy Elementary School Students Empirical Study Females Incest Iranians Manual-Based Treatments Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Quantitative Study Rape Random Clinical Trial RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

149. Jaberghaderi, N., Greenwald, R., Rubin, A., Dolatabadi, S., & Zand, S. O. (2002, November). A comparison of CBT and EMDR for sexually abused Iranian girls. Poster presented at the 18th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Fourteen randomly assigned Iranian girls ages 12-13 who had been sexually abused received up to 12 sessions of CBT or EMDR treatment.Assessment of post-traumatic stress symptoms and problem behaviors were completed at pre-treatment and 2 weeks post-treatment. Both treatments showed very large effect sizes on the post-traumatic symptom outcomes, and a modest effect size on the behavior outcome, all statistically significant. A non-significant trend on self-reported post-traumatic stress symptoms favored EMDR over CBT.Treatment efficiency was calculated by dividing effect size by number of sessions; EMDR was significantly more efficient. Limitations include small N, single therapist for each treatment condition, and lack of long-term followup. These findings suggest that both CBT and EMDR can help girls to recover from the effects of sexual abuse, and that structured trauma treatments can be applied to children in other cultures.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Girls Iran Poster Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

150. Oncley, P. R. (1992). A comparison of eye movement desensitization and implosion-like therapy with adult victims of sexual abuse. Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA. AAT 9302718.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a recently developed technique that has been reported in the literature to be effective in treating many of the symptoms associated with PTSD. This study investigated the role of saccadic eye movements in this technique by utilizing a multiple-baseline, across subjects design with 4 adult victims of childhood sexual abuse.Eye movement desensitization conditions (EMD) were compared to non saccadic eye movement conditions (NM) utilizing a Latin square design over one treatment session. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-R) and the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID) were used for initial diagnosis and screening. Treatment effectiveness between the intervention phase and 1 week follow-up was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the PTSD Symptom Checklist. Skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate, and subjective units of distress (SUDS) were assessed during pretreatment, treatment, posttreatment, and follow-up phases. Results showed no significant differences across subjects among SCR, heart rate, and SUDS between the EMD and NM conditions. IES and PTSD Symptom Checklist follow-up data showed symptom improvement for 3 of the 4 subjects. One subject's intrusive symptoms worsened. All subjects displayed less physiological reactivity to the traumatic imagery at follow-up. Mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of EMD and recommendations for future study were discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Arousal Child Abuse Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

151. Jaberghaderi, N., Dolatabadi, S., & Zand, S. O. (2002, Winter). A comparison of eye movement desensitzation and reprocessing and stress inoculation training (SIT) for sexually abused girls. Advances in Cognitive Science, 3(4), 16-26.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Fourteen sexually abused girls aged 12-13, were randomly assigned to receive either EMDR or SIT. Participants and their parents completed Child Report of Post Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), and Parent Report of Post Traumatic Symptoms (PROPS), pre and post treatment. Results indicated that there was significant influence only on the PROPS. But there was a significant impact on both these instrument (CROPS & PROPS), with EMDR. In evaluating CROPS and PROPS, factor analysis with SIT illustrated that, externalizing and internalizing symptoms in PROPS and avoidance thoughts and behaviors in CROPS were treated. Further the results gathered from factor analysis with EMDR, showed that internalizing and somatic symptoms in PROPS and self harm, depression feelings and also somatic symptoms in CROPS improved as well. Clinical findings also suggested that EMDR and SIT did not have any significant differences in treating posttraumatic symptoms. Factor analysis found that, EMDR was more effective than SIT in treating somatic symptoms of sexually abused girls.

Keywords: Iran Sexual Abuse SIT Stress Inocculation Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

152. Khosropour, F., Ebrahiminejad, G. H. Baniasadi, H., & Faryabi, M. (2012, Spring). Comparison of false memory among patients with post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) based on the received psychological treatment. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 17(2),154-160.

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background & Aims: False memory is more prevalent among PTSD patients. This memory can be affected by group and intensifies the symptoms of the disorder. Psychological Debriefing (PD) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are widely used for the treatment of PTSD patients. The efficacy of these treatments is controversial. Method: A total of 219 PTSD patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups based on the received treatment type (EMDR, PD, control group). All groups were evaluated and compared by using Rodiger & McDremott False Memory Scale. Results: The EMDR group in comparison to the PD and control groups and the control group in comparison to the PD group showed lower rates of false memory (PConclusion: Considering lower level of false memory in EMDR group compared with other groups and the negative effects of false memory in identification of PTSD, EMDR is better than PD in the treatment of PTSD patients.

Keywords: False Memory Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

153. Garsen, B. (2005). A comparison of post traumatic stress disorder treatment modalities for adolescents. California State University, Long Beach, CA. AAT 1426939.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore treatment modalities for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for adolescents. This study examined current research on the treatment of PTSD by analyzing the content of books and articles written within the past 10 years. The study was a descriptive content analysis of currently used treatment modalities for PTSD. Data analysis involved a recursive process in which themes were identified and developed over numerous readings. The findings of this study indicated that PTSD symptomology was significantly reduced when adolescents were treated with cognitive behavioral methods. Controlled studies were located only for cognitive behavioral interventions. Pharmacological interventions were widely used to treat PTSD symptoms. However, there have been neither controlled nor open-label drug studies conducted regarding this population. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a promising new form of treatment that has yet to be examined in a rigorous manner. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) sometimes exacerbated PTSD symptoms in this population. The results of the study indicated that more controlled research needs to be generated targeting adolescents with PTSD.

Keywords: Adolescents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

154. Ironson, G., Freund, B., Strauss, J., & Williams, J. (2002, January). Comparison of two treatments for traumatic stress: A community-based study of EMDR and prolonged exposure. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 113-128. doi:10.1002/jclp.1132.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This pilot study compared the efficacy of two treatments for PTSD: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Prolonged Exposure (PE). Data were analyzed for 22 patients from a university-based clinic serving the outside community (predominantly rape and crime victims) who completed at least one active session of treatment after three preparatory sessions. Results showed both approaches produced a significant reduction in PTSD and depression symptoms, which were maintained at three-month follow-up. Successful treatment was faster with EMDR as a larger number of people (7 of 10) had a 70% reduction in PTSD symptoms after three active sessions compared to 2 of 12 with PE. EMDR appeared to be better tolerated as the dropout rate was significantly lower in those randomized to EMDR versus PE (0 of 10 vs. 3 of 10). However all patients who remained in treatment with PE had a reduction in PTSD scores. Finally, Subjective Units of Distress (SUDS) ratings decreased significantly during the initial session of EMDR, but changed little during PE. Postsession SUDS were significantly lower for EMDR than for PE. Suggestions for future research are discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Empirical Study Meta Analysis Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

155. Herbert, C. (2012, October). Complex trauma: Road to psychiatric dysfunction or path toward posttrauma growth?. Keynote at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Healthcare service providers, as well as, mental health practitioners, frequently associate the suffering of complex trauma with pathology, mental illness, personality disorders and severe psychiatric dysfunction. Clients are perceived as difficult to treat, interventions are guided by the nature of the psychiatric diagnosis and therapy focuses on crisis management and on helping clients to achieve reductions of symptoms that account for the psychiatric diagnosis. Although symptom reduction can be of great value and importance to sufferers, sole focus on this misses the great potential to engage a person in a transformative process that can lead to considerable inner strengthening, alignment and positive growth, as a result and in spite of their early traumatic experiences. This keynote introduces a shift in perspective away from the traditional focus on psychiatric dysfunction toward a model of positive growth for clients suffering from Complex Trauma and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). It is proposed that development of empathic empowerment of the individual toward greater personal authenticity, honesty, accountability and compassion can open the path toward posttrauma growth. However, in order to achieve such development specific parameters must be fulfilled. These parameters, which include therapist factors, the nature of the therapeutic relationship, an underlying therapeutic framework for working with complex trauma and the guiding principles and ingredients that nurture growth rather than dysfunction, will be outlined and illustrated through the use of client vignettes.

Keywords: Complex Trauma Posttraumatic Growth

Accuracy Verified: Yes

156. de Keijser, J., Denderen, M., & Verster-Bosman, M. (2013, April). Complicated grief and PTSD after murder, etiology and treatment: Research into treatment with EMDR and CBT in relatives of murder [Complexe rouw en PTSS na moord, etiologie en behandeling: Onderzoek naar behandeling met EMDR en CGT bij nabestaanden van moord]. Presentatie op het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Directe nabestaanden van slachtoffers van moord krijgen vaak te maken met een PTSS en gecompliceerde rouw. De Rijksuniversiteit Groningen is, met medefinanciering door het Fonds Slachtofferhulp, een onderzoek gestart naar de vraag of professionele hulp effectief is. Het onderzoek kent twee doelstellingen: In hoeverre draagt een behandeling bestaande uit EMDR en CGT voor familieleden en partners van een vermoord persoon bij aan het verminderen van symptomen van gecompliceerde rouw. Daarnaast hoopt het onderzoek inzicht te krijgen in de mate waarin het effect van de behandeling met EMDR en CGT gemedieerd wordt door een afname van intrusies, vermijdingsgedrag, extreme woede en disfunctionele cognities. In de presentatie komen drie sprekers aan het woord: - Jos de Keijser, klinisch psycholoog/psychotherapeut en projectleider van het onderzoek, zal een theoretisch kader schetsen over gecompliceerde rouw en PTSS bij nabestaanden na moord, inclusief implicaties voor de praktijk. - Mariette van Denderen, criminologe en promovendus, zal de resultaten van de behandelingen met EMDR en CGT tot nu (dan) toe presenteren. - Moniek Verster, een van de behandelaren in het onderzoek, zal over de praktijk van het toepassen van EMDR en CGT bij nabestaanden van moord vertellen. Casuïstiek komt aan bod, indien mogelijk met gebruikmaking van videofragmenten.

Immediate relatives of murder victims often have to deal with PTSD and complicated grief. The University of Groningen, with co-financing by the Fund Victim, launched an investigation into whether professional help is effective. The study has two objectives: To what extent does a treatment consisting of EMDR and CBT for family members and partners of a murdered person to reducing symptoms of complicated grief. Additionally this study aims to understand the extent to which the effect of the treatment with EMDR and CBT is mediated by a decrease of intrusions, avoidance behavior, extreme anger and dysfunctional cognitions. During the presentation, three speakers to talk: - Jos de Keijser, clinical psychologist / psychotherapist and leader of the research, a theoretical framework sketches about complicated grief and PTSD in survivors after murder, including implications for practice. - Mariette of Denderen, criminologist and researcher, the results of the treatment with EMDR and CBT until now (then) to present. - Moniek Verster, one of the practitioners in the study, will the practice of using EMDR and CBT in relatives of murder tell. Casuistry is discussed, where possible using video clips.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Complicated Grief Murder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

157. Allen, J., & Lewis, L. (1996, Spring). A conceptual framework for treating traumatic memories and its application to EMDR. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 60(2), 238-263.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
With burgeoning interest in trauma has come a proliferation of interventions for the treatment of intrusive memories. At this stage of development, uniformity of clinical practice in the trauma field is neither possible nor desirable. The literature suggests that a wide range of treatment interventions are effective. But diversity in practice does not preclude coherence in conceptualization. This article presents a general theoretical framework to provide clinicians and patients with a rationale for treating intrusive symptoms of PTSD. To illustrate the applicability of the framework, the authors critique Shapiro's recent theoretical explanation of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an exemplary cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of trauma. EMDR merits careful theoretical reappraisal, because it has become a highly popular and seemingly effective technique that currently rests on an unsound neurobiological theoretical foundation. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Hallucinations Intrusive Thoughts Memory Impairment Neurophysiology Professional Criticism Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

158. de Roos, C. J. A. M., Noorthoorn, E. O., Greenwald, R., & de Jongh, A. (2004, June). A controlled comparison of EMDR and CBT for children and adolescents exposed to the Enschede fireworks disaster in the Netherlands. In children and EMDR (J. Morris-Smith). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In May 2000, a firework depot exploded in the city of Enschede (The Netherlands), leaving 22 people dead, 947 injured, more than 500 houses destroyed, and about 1500 houses significantly damaged. In total, 4, 163 people were affected, including many children and adolescents. Children with chronic posttraumatic stress reactions were referred for treatment to the Ambulant Mental Health Care team un Enschede.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the relative efficacy of EMDR versus a CBT approach for reducing children’s symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety and behavior problems, All participants treated from 2001 to 2003 were included. They received 4 sessions of EMDR and 4 sessions CVBT. Moreover, four sessions of parent guidance were included in both groups. The final N was 57 children (age 3-18).
Assessment took place prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention and at 3 month follow-up. The main outcome measures were: UCLA PTSD Index (parent, child, and adolescent version), Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the Parent Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (PROPCS), the Problem Rating Scale (PRS), the Birleson Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASQ, anxiety).
Also parent-reported psychosocial dysfunction and teacher-reported problems were assessed (Child Behavior Check List: parent form and teacher form and for children aged 11 and older; self-report form). For the youngest (0-6 years) the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) was included. The date was gathered but not yet analyzed is currently underway.

Keywords: Adolescents CBT Children Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Controlled Comparison Disaster Enschede Fireworks Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium The Netherlands

Accuracy Verified: Yes

159. Greenwald, R., McClintock, S. D., & Bailey, T. D. (In press). A controlled comparison of progressive counting and eye movement desensitization & reprocessing. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Ten therapists who were already trained and experienced in eye movement desensitization & reprocessing (EMDR) received training in progressive counting (PC), a newer trauma resolution method. Nineteen volunteers with single-incident trauma or loss were assigned to a therapist and then randomized to treatment condition; 15 completed treatment to termination criteria or until the fourth session. Participants in both conditions experienced significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, memory-related distress, and presenting problems at one week post-treatment, maintained at 12-week follow-up, with no significant differences in outcomes, treatment efficiency, or dropout rate. The preliminary findings of this pilot study suggest that PC is an efficient, well-tolerated, and effective trauma treatment that is relatively easy for therapists to master.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Exposure Loss Progressive Counting Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: No

160. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 6(1), 217-236. doi:10.1300/J146v06n01_11.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
We suggest that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only light improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. [Author summary]

Keywords: Adolescents Control Study Disruptive Behavior Disorders Empirical Study Males Preadolescents Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

161. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. In R. Greenwald (Ed). Trauma and juvenile delinquency: Theory, research, and interventions. (pp. 217-236). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Suggests that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only slight improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16 years, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Boys Conduct Problems Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

162. Marcus, S., Marquis, P., & Sakai, C. (1997, Fall). Controlled study of treatment of PTSD using EMDR in an HMO setting. Psychotherapy, 34(3), 307-315. doi:10.1037/h0087791.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
67 individuals diagnosed with PTSD were randomly assigned to either Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or Standard Care (SC) treatment. Participants were assessed pretreatment, after 3 sessions, and at the completion of treatment using the Symptom Checklist-90, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Events Scale, Modified PTSD Scale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Subjective Units of Disturbance. In addition, an independent evaluator assessed participants using DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD including Global Assessment of Functioning at the 3 data points. The individuals in the EMDR treatment group showed significantly greater improvement with greater rapidity than those in the SC treatment group on measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and general symptoms. Participants who received EMDR treatment used fewer medication appointments for their psychological symptoms and needed fewer psychotherapy appointments. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Managed Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

163. de Jongh, A. (2005, June). Could EMDR be a promising treatment in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic incident?. In "EMDR in action." Part 2. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Various studies have shown that the counselling routinely offered to people in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic incident seldom protects them from developing post-traumatic stress -and could even delay their recovery. On the other hand, clinical experience suggests that in many cases with the proper utilization of EMDR an almost spontaneous integration of perceptions of sensory input and the cognitive components of the experience takes place. Although controlled data about types of interventions. the optimal time to intervene or predictors of response and recovery are still lacking. within the organization D.O.E.N., providing critical incident stress management services in the Netherlands, there is broad experience in utilizing EMDR with clients who exhibit severe early symptoms following trauma and who need 'first-aid' treatment. EMDR treatment is generally started when there is no evidence of change or recovery within the course of 1 or 2 weeks. Since there is a tremendous unmet need, there is an important challenge to demonstrate in controlled research the advantages of EMDR for those who suffer from symptoms of acute stress, for example in emergency departments and/or the immediate aftermath of mass trauma. This presentation will focus on the rationale for early treatment with the use of EMDR. This approach is illustrated by segments of video taped treatment sessions of clients with symptoms of acute stress.

Keywords: Practice Symposium Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

164. Leeds, A. M. (2007, June). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development and installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories (Brown, Scheflin, & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999; Hart, Nijenhius, Steele, 2006). Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been described in a series of published case reports as an effective stabilizing intervention for adult survivors of adverse childhood experiences (Korn & Leeds, 2202; Leeds, 1997, 1998, 2001b; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000; Popky, 2005). These clinical case reports of RDI have been described observed decreases in intense shame, depersonalization, angry outbursts, self-injurious behaviors, compulsive eating, obsessive self-critical thoughts, persistent negative emotional states (misery), sexual acting out, and substance abuse. There are now several published procedural descriptions (Korn & Leeds, 2002; Leeds, 2001; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000) and a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR (Shapiro, 2001).
The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with post traumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been persistently offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. EMDR has been shown to produce stable, enduring treatment effects for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. RDI has not. Until recently (Korn et al, 2004; Leeds, 2005, 2006; Shapiro, 2004) little attention has been given to assuring appropriate use and avoiding misuse of RDI. This presentation will describe serious clinical and professional issues in continuing to offer RDI over repeated treatment sessions to patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet or achieve readiness criteria for standard EMDR reprocessing and in failing to offer or in excessively delaying EMDR reprocessing.
This presentation will clarify and review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients (1) and clinical situations (2) the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations (3) RDI should be offered cautiously, if at al, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients (4) RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR processing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented (5) to clarify its clinical application. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may b associated with misuse or excessive use of RDI. A series of ten clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD RDI Resource Development and Installation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

165. Feldner, M. T., Monson, C. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2007, January). A critical analysis of approaches to targeted PTSD prevention: Current status and theoretically derived future directions. Behavior Modification, 31(1), 80-116. doi:10.1177/0145445506295057.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Although efforts to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have met with relatively limited success, theoretically driven preventive approaches with promising efficacy are emerging. The current article critically reviews investigations of PTSD prevention programs that target persons at risk for being exposed to a traumatic event or who have been exposed to a traumatic event. This review uniquely extends prior reviews in this area by using theories of PTSD to suggest future directions in the area of PTSD prevention. The authors first discuss the primary mechanisms of action believed to account for the failure for PTSD symptoms to remit among a substantial minority of traumatic event–exposed individuals. Second, empirical progress in PTSD prevention efforts is reviewed. Third, the authors consider how existing prevention programs target these mechanisms of action. Finally, the authors consider directions for future research in the area of targeted PTSD prevention.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention PTSD Risk Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

166. Renner, W., Banninger-Huber, E., & Peltzer, K. (2011). Culture-sensitive and resource oriented peer (CROP) - Groups as a community based intervention for trauma survivors: A randomized controlled pilot study with refugees and asylum seekers from Chechnya. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 2011-1, 1-13.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Asylum seekers and refugees frequently suffer from post-traumatic stress and culturally sensitive methods towards reducing symptoms should be taken into account. The aim of the work reported here was to examine the effectiveness of Culture-Sensitive and Resource Oriented Peer (CROP) - Groups for Chechen asylum seekers and refugees towards reducing post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Some ninety-four participants were randomly assigned to 15 sessions of CROP - or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) - Groups, to 3 single sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), or to a Wait-List (WL). The results indicated that CROP was significantly superior to WL, and was equally effective as CBT in reducing post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Improvements still were present at three and six month follow-up occasions. EMDR yielded negative results. According to this pilot study, CROP-Groups pose a promising, culturally sensitive alternative to psychotherapy with Chechen migrants.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers Chechnya Community-Based Intervention CROP Culture-Sensitive and Resource Oriented Peer Pakistan Pilot Study Psychological Trauma Randomized Control Trial RCT Refugees Survivor Trauma Treatment Center Treatment Response Violent Situation in Pakistan

Accuracy Verified: Yes

167. Young, W., Puk, G., & Rouanzoin, C. C. (1995, June). Current trends using EMDR in dissociative disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop covers the screening, diagnosis, treatment and pitfalls encountered in using EMDR in Dissociative Disorders. The unexpected finding of dissociative disorders among trauma victims using EMDR requires therapists to be able to recogme and screen for dissociative conditions. Under special circumstances, these patients may have negative reactions which the EMDR therapist should be prepared to manage. Treatment requires a strong alliance, an awareness of dissociation and the management of patients' abreactions. Treatment guidelines have been established for using EMDR which can guide therapists as our expmence with dissociative disorders evolves. A careful informed consent should be obtained and an assessment of the patient's inner resources made so that ffagile patients with histories of chronic trauma are not inadvertently injured. Further, EMDR is not designed as a tool for "memory work" but for the reduction of distress for events or experiences already known. Lectures, discussions, handouts and video tape demonstrations show the application of EMDR in a variety of conditions. The results of a pilot study using EMDR in 15 patients with 33 target symptoms will be presented. In this limited sample, between 50% and 60% of patients achieved significant reduction of their distress levels on selected targets. A variety of responses occurred including fusions, generalization effects, and establishmg inner dialogue. In addition, a variety of problems arose resulting in treatment failures or cessation of EMDR. These include such reactions as flooding, escalation of anger, paranoia and resistance to the treatment. The implications of these findings suggest that cautious patient selection and use of EMDR has a potential use and that as research in this population continues, strategies for overcoming problem areas can be developed.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

168. Oppenheim, H.-J. (2010, June). The cutting must stop: A way out of the stabilisation versus reprocessing paradox with a DID-patient. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this workshop I will discuss and illustrate by video fragments, the steps of trauma reprocessing with a very instable DID patient. The patient was suffering from sudden severe self-cutting that took place outside the patient's own consciousness. It was clear that an Emotional part of the Personality (EP) was tormented by a severe trauma, and in response, acted very aggressively. Because of the great danger of self-harm, which man could become life-threatening, the cutting had to be stopped as soon as possible. Therapist and patient were trapped in the well known paradox: to reprocess the trauma there had to be enough stability, but to create enough stability the trauma had to be solved. It was clear that in this period of her life the patient couldn't bear any trauma reprocessing. This workshop offers a way out of this paradox. I will show how to establish enough safety for all the parts of the personality who are involved, increasing two of the Apparently Normal parts of the Personality (ANP's). For one of the ANP's, safety meant that she didn't have to witness the story about the trauma, she still didn't know. The workshop will demonstrate how to establish a working alliance with the aggressive part (EP) who is indirectly responsible for the severe cutting. Finally, after all these preparations, the trauma reprocessing by using EMDR on this EP can be started. The participants will learn: a. How to work from a Structural Dissociation view. The importance of an active attitude for the therapist, like a film director, in getting in contact and working together with the different parts of the personality, to reach the necessary goal; c. That trauma processing is at least partly possible in absence of the 'main part' of the personality which can contribute to stabilization in order to reprocess the trauma completely. been This workshop provides an opportunity to escape from the ]paradox: reprocessing a trauma requires stability but stability ]requires a reprocessed trauma. It is always thought that for reprocessing a trauma the ONP('s) must be involved, This workshop will show that if only parts of the personality, without the ANP, undergo the reprocessing, it can lead to a remarkable reduction of dangerous symptoms. The completing of the trauma reprocessing with the ANP can be postponed to the moment that the patient feels sufficiently stable.

Keywords: DID Dissociatve Identity Disorder Stabilization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

169. Mazorati, C., & Bonardi, A. (2008, Novembre). Dal DSM IV all’EMDR: Dalla diagnosi psichiatrica alla relazione di aiuto: riflessioni e ipotesi di integrazione [From DSM IV to EMDR: From diagnosis to report psychiatric help: Ideas and assumptions of integration]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Le autrici ,una psichiatra e una psicologa riflettono sulla loro esperienza con EMDR. Prendono lo spunto da due casi di abuso sessuale in famiglia vissute da bambine da due loro pazienti, anche se il motivo iniziale della richiesta di aiuto era stato un altro. Nel primo caso la paziente si era presentata su richiesta del suo medico curante per la presenza di una sintomatologia depressiva vissuta dalla stessa come “pesante”, “invalidante” e che la portava a voler uscire in fretta dalla situazione depressiva. Rispetto alla sintomatologia si è lavorato in termini di psicoeducazione della depressione come sindrome si è mantenuto un atteggiamento di ascolto e di attenzione ai vari disagi lamentati dalla paziente. Tale modalità nella relazione terapeutica ha permesso alla paziente di “prendere coraggio” e di raccontare il segrete che si portava dentro di un tentativo di abuso che in famiglia era stato negato. Si è quindi Utilizzato l’EMDR per aiutarla a liberarsi dai fantasmi del passato. Nel secondo caso, la richiesta era di aiuto psicologico per un disagio relazionale non ben identificato, ma che aveva prodotto nella paziente un graduale impoverimento delle risorse, un atteggiamento “depressivo” nei confronti della propria esistenza e nella coppia problematiche sessuali. E’ stata quindi presa in carico la coppia, associato ad un trattamento individuale alla paziente e utilizzando l’EMDR quale strumento atto a risolvere le angosce delle molestie subite. In entrambe le pazienti, dopo trattamento con EMDR, si è assistito ad cambiamento significativo del tono dell’umore, un aumento della stima si sé , un aumento della loro capacità difensiva e del rispetto verso se stesse, ma soprattutto si è notato una accettazione del passato che, proprio perché ormai le rendeva libere finalmente di vivere il presente con il proprio sé.

The authors, a psychiatrist and a psychologist reflect on their experience with EMDR. Taking the cue from two cases of sexual abuse in the family experienced as children by two of their patients, even if motive of the request for aid was another. In the first case the patient had presented at the request of his doctor to the presence of depressive symptoms experienced by herself as "heavy", "disability" and that led to want to exit quickly from depressive situation. Compared to the symptoms you have worked in psychoeducation for depression as a syndrome has maintained an attitude of listening and attention to the various inconveniences complained of by the patient. This mode in the therapeutic relationship has enabled the patient to "take courage" and to tell the secret that was within an attempt to abuse in the family had been denied. Was then used EMDR to help get rid of ghosts of the past. In the second case, the request was for a psychological relationship distress is not well identified, but the patient had produced a gradual depletion of resources, a attitude "depression" to its own existence and problems in the couple orientation. It 'was then taken over the couple, combined with individual treatment to patient and using EMDR as a tool to resolve the anxieties of the harassment. In both patients, after treatment with EMDR, there has been significant change mood, increased self-esteem is an increase in their defensive ability and respect for themselves, but mainly it was noted that an acceptance of the past, precisely because now finally made them free to live the present with the self.

Keywords: Practrice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

170. Capezzani, L. (2010, Novembre). Dati preliminari del progetto: Valutazione degli esiti medico- clinici e psicologici in seguito all’applicazione dell’EMDR in pazienti oncologici con disturbi dello spettro post traumatico da stress [Preliminary data of the project: Evaluation of medical-clinical and psychological outcomes following the application of EMDR in cancer patients with autism spectrum post-traumatic stress disorder]. Presentazione al "Convegno La psicotraumatologia Oncologica, Roma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
La ricerca ha lo scopo di indicare se l’intervento con EMDR produce significativi cambiamenti dei parametri medico-clinico, oltre che psicologici, in pazienti oncologici che abbiamo ricevuto una diagnosi di PTSD o di un disturbo dello spettro post-traumatico da stress durante ciascuna delle fasi dell’evoluzione della malattia. In particolare si vuole verificare se dopo trattamento con EMDR: - i valori baseline di cortisolo nel sangue cambiano e riproducono anche in pazienti oncologici l’andamento dimostrato in letteratura: in presenza di un PTSD acuto generalmente i livelli sono alti, quando invece il PTSD è cronico i livelli di cortisolo sono bassi ma in ambedue i casi un trattamento con EMDR produce una normalizzazione di suddetti valori. - si osserva una riduzione della quantità di citochine che rappresentano gli indicatori immunologici correlati a stati di depressione ed ansia sia sottosoglia che non, quasi sempre presenti tra i disturbi dello spettro PTSD e quindi anche nella malattia oncologica (Cantelmi, 2008 in preparazione). Lo studio consente inoltre di osservare - per quali delle fasi della malattia il trattamento con EMDR produce la migliore estinzione dei disturbi post-traumatici da stress, - se le modalità di coping, cioè le strategie di adattamento alla malattia e sua gestione migliorano dopo il trattamento con EMDR

The research is intended to indicate whether the intervention with EMDR produces significant changes in clinical parameters and medical as well as psychological, in cancer patients who have received a diagnosis of PTSD or a spectrum disorder post-traumatic stress disorder during each of the stages of the disease. In particular, we want to check if after treatment with EMDR: - The values of baseline cortisol in the blood change and reproduce even in cancer patients the trend shown in the literature: in the presence of an acute PTSD generally the levels are high, when instead the PTSD is chronic cortisol levels are low but in both cases treated with EMDR produces a normalization of these values. - There is a reduction in the amount of cytokines representing the immunological indicators related to states of depression and subthreshold anxiety is that, almost always present between the spectrum disorders PTSD and therefore also in the oncological disease (Cantelmi, 2008 in preparation). The study also allows you to observe - For which of the stages of the disease treatment with EMDR produces the best extinction of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress, - Whether the method of coping, ie the strategies of adaptation to the disease and its management to improve after treatment with EMDR.

Keywords: Autism Cancer Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

171. van der Vleugel, B. (2013, April). De behandeling van PTSS bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis [The treatment of PTSD in people with a psychotic disorder]. In Onderzoek track 1 and 2. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Trauma is een risicofactor voor het ontwikkelen van psychose. Het hebben van een ernstige psychiatrische aandoening verhoogt de kans op het ontwikkelen van een co-morbide posttraumatische stress stoornis. Desondanks wordt een co-morbide PTSS zelden gediagnostiseerd en wanneer dit wél gebeurt is behandeling van deze PTSS bepaald niet vanzelfsprekend. Behandelaren vrezen vaak dat het openlijk bespreken van traumatische levenservaringen zal leiden tot decompensatie, heropname, middelenmisbruik, zelfbeschadigend gedrag en / of suïcidaliteit. Ondertussen werken de PTSS klachten als olie op het vuur van de psychose. Omdat mensen met psychotische klachten over het algemeen werden uitgesloten van deelname aan onderzoek naar de effecten van PTSS behandeling was lang niet bekend of psychologische behandeling conform de Richtlijn Angststoornissen ook bij deze populatie veilig en effectief is. Hier begint verandering in te komen. In deze presentatie komen achtereenvolgens aan bod: - De resultaten van een pilot onderzoek naar de effecten van EMDR bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis en een co-morbide PTSS (Van den Berg & Van der Gaag, 2012). - De resultaten van een gecontroleerde multiple baseline study naar de effecten van EMDR en Prolonged Exposure bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis en een comorbide PTSS (De Bont, Van Minnen & De Jongh, submitted). - De opzet en eerste bevindingen van het onderzoeksproject Treating Trauma in Psychosis (T.TIP), een multicenter RCT naar de behandeling van PTSS bij mensen met een psychotische Trauma is a risk factor for the development of psychosis. Having a severe psychiatric condition increases the chance of the development of a co-morbid post-traumatic stress disorder. Nevertheless, a co-morbid PTSD rarely diagnosed and when this happens, treatment of these PTSD determined not obvious. Clinicians often fear that openly discussing traumatic life experiences will lead to decompensation, reuptake, substance abuse, self-injurious behavior and / or suicidality. Meanwhile, the PTSD symptoms as fuel to the fire of the psychosis. Because people with psychotic symptoms were generally excluded from research into the effects of PTSD treatment was long unknown or psychological treatment in accordance with Directive Anxiety disorders also in this population safely and effective. Here begins to be changing. This presentation will subsequently be discussed: - The results of a pilot study on the effects of EMDR in people with a psychotic disorder and comorbid PTSD (Van den Berg and Van der Gaag, 2012) . - The results of a controlled multiple baseline study on the effects of EMDR and Prolonged Exposure to people with a psychotic disorder and comorbid PTSD (De Bont, Van Minnen & De Jongh, submitted). - The design and initial findings of the research Treating Trauma in Psychosis (T.TIP), a multicenter RCT on the treatment of PTSD in people with a psychotic disorder (De Bont et al, submittedstoornis (De Bont et al., submitted).

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PSTD Psychotic Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

172. Leenarts, L. E. W., Doreleijers, Th. A. H., Lindauer, R. J. L., Lodewijks, H. P. B., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2011, April). De effectiviteit van een traumabehandeling bij getraumatiseerde meisjes in gesloten jeugdinstellingen [The effectiveness of trauma treatment in traumatized girls in closed juvenile institutions]. Symposia op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam .

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Achtergrond: Uit onderzoek blijkt dat in jeugdzorginstellingen geplaatste meisjes vaak getraumatiseerd zijn en mede hierdoor ernstige problemen vertonen in het verdere leven. Onderzoek (Hamerlynck 2008) toont aan dat 85% van de meisjes een of meer trauma’s heeft meegemaakt en dat dit gerelateerd is aan zowel openlijke als heimelijke agressie. Hieruit blijkt de noodzaak om meisjes in jeugdzorginstellingen bij opname te onderzoeken op trauma en agressie, ze te behandelen en om traumabehandelingen te onderzoeken op hun effectiviteit en op de gevolgen op lange termijn. Doel: Het doel van het huidige onderzoek is de effecten vast te stellen van een traumabehandeling bij meisjes die in een jeugdzorg-plusinstelling geplaatst zijn. De behandeling die geëvalueerd wordt, is een stabilisatiefase (met als doel het reduceren van traumagerelateerde klachten) aangevuld met eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr). Methoden: Gebruik wordt gemaakt van een quasi-experimenteel onderzoeksdesign. De experimentele groep bestaat uit meisjes die hebben deelgenomen aan de stabilisatiefase gevolgd door emdr. De controlegroep bestaat uit meisjes die treatment as usual (tau) ontvangen. Verschillende meetmomenten zullen plaatsvinden. De Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ( ctq) wordt gebruikt om traumageschiedenis te onderzoeken en de Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (tscc) wordt gebruikt om traumaklachten te bevragen. Resultaten: Tijdens het Voorjaarscongres zullen de eerste resultaten bekend zijn en gepresenteerd worden. Conclusie: Op basis van literatuur kan verondersteld worden dat een geprotocolleerde stabilisatiefase gevolgd door emdr effectiever is in de reductie van traumagerelateerde klachten dan tau bij meisjes in gesloten jeugdzorginstellingen.

Background: Research shows that girls are often placed in youth welfare institutions traumatized and because of this serious exhibit problems later in life. Research (Hamerlynck 2008) shows that 85% of the one or more girls experienced trauma and that this is related to both overt and covert aggression. This highlights the need to girls in child welfare institutions in recording research on trauma and aggression, treat them and trauma treatments to investigate their effectiveness and the long-term consequences. Purpose: The aim of the present study to determine the effects of trauma treatment girls in a youth-plus set placed. The treatment evaluated, a stabilization phase (with the aim of reducing trauma-related symptoms) supplemented with Eye Movement Desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Methods: Use is made of a quasi-experimental research design. The experimental group consists of girls who have participated in the stabilization phase followed by EMDR. The control group consists of girls that treatment as usual (TAU) received. Various measurement points will occur. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is used to examine trauma history and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) is used to search for trauma symptoms. Results: During the Spring Congress the first results are known and presented. Conclusion: Based on literature can believed that food allergies stabilization phase followed by EMDR is more effective in reducing trauma-related symptoms than tau girls in secure youth institutions.

Keywords: Girls Juvenile Insitutions Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

173. Staff. (2007). De nieuwe hamer van de psychologen [The new hammer of the psychologists]. Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde, 15(10), 469. doi:10.1007/BF03074666 .

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Enkele jaren geleden deed de EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) haar intrede in de behandeling van psychotrauma’s. Deze methode was hoewel niet geheel begrepen qua mechanisme ontegenzeggelijk spectaculair qua resultaat door de snelle vermindering van de klachten. In korte tijd was de klassieke langdurige PTSS-behandeling obsoleet geworden.

A few years ago, the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) entered the treatment psychotrauma's. This method was not fully understood in terms of mechanism, although unquestionably spectacular in terms of results due to the rapid reduction of symptoms. In a short time was the classic long-term PTSD treatment has become obsolete.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

174. van Eijk, M. & ter Braak, A. (2008, Maart). De noodkreet van het lijf: Het lichaam spreekt [The cry of the body: The body speaks]. Presentatie aan de derde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
De gevolgen van psychotrauma manifesteren zich in de meeste gevallen in de vorm van herbelevingen, vermijding, emotionele ontregeling, concentratiestoornissen en dergelijke. Lichamelijke klachten worden inmiddels ook steeds vaker herkend als een van de gevolgen van PTSS. In deze workshop wordt naast aandacht voor de theoretische achtergrond van psychofysiologische reacties, ingegaan op wat men als EMDR- therapeut in de praktijk kan tegenkomen: dit kan variëren van selectief mutisme tot stigmata en van verlammingsverschijnselen tot visus uitval. Een en ander wordt geïllustreerd aan de hand van voorbeelden en videomateriaal.

The effects of psychotrauma manifest themselves in most cases in the form of reexperiencing, avoidance, emotional disturbance, impaired concentration and the like. Physical symptoms are also now increasingly being recognized as one of the effects of PTSD. This workshop will next focus on the theoretical background of psycho-physiological responses, discuss what they like EMDR therapist in practice may encounter: this may range from selective mutism to stigmata and paralysis to vision loss. This is illustrated by examples and video material.

Keywords: Body Psychophysiological Responses Somatic

Accuracy Verified: Yes

175. Rassin, E., Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1996). De pijndempende werking van eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is beperkt [The pain attenuation of EMDR is limited]. Directieve Therapie, 16(3), 274-284. doi:10.1007/BF03060149 .

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) werd in 1989 door Shapiro geïntroduceerd als een therapeutische techniek voor Posttraumatische stress–stoornis (PTSS). Sindsdien hebben diverse EMDR–;therapeuten geopperd dat deze interventie ook toepasbaar is bij andere trauma–gerelateerde klachten. In een studie van Hekmat, Groth en Rogers (1994) is geclaimd dat EMDR effectief is bij de behandeling van pijn. In het onderhavige onderzoek is deze claim verder onderzocht. Daartoe werden 45 gezonde vrijwilligers onderworpen aan 8 elektrische prikkels. De proefpersonen werden verdeeld over 3 groepen: een groep die behandeld werd met EMDR, een groep die ter afleiding van de prikkels naar een cartoon keek, en een controlegroep waarbij geen verdere interventie werd uitgevoerd. Zowel fysiologische als subjectieve reacties op de pijnprikkels werden geregistreerd. Op geen enkele effectmaat werden verschillen tussen de drie groepen gevonden. In de discussie wordt dit resultaat in een breder perspectief geplaatst.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced by Shapiro in 1989 as a therapeutic technique for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since then several EMDR, therapists suggested that this intervention is also applicable to other trauma-related symptoms. In a study by Hekmat, Groth and Rogers (1994) has claimed that EMDR is effective in treating pain. In the present study further investigated this claim. For this purpose, 45 healthy volunteers subjected to 8 electrical stimuli. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: one group treated with EMDR, a group that as a distraction from the stimuli to a cartoon look, and a control group with no further intervention was performed. Both physiological and subjective responses to pain stimuli were recorded. In no effect size differences were found between the three groups. In the discussion, this results in a wider perspective.

Keywords: Pain Attenuation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

176. Knipscheer, J., van Middendorp, H., & Kleber, R. (2011, August). De rol van cultuur in het omgaan met psychotrauma [The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 125-131.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma In this paper, the theme of the special issue on Culture and Trauma is introduced. In both empirically oriented articles as well as theoretical and contemplative contributions, the role of culture and migration context in the development of psychological problems following trauma, culture-specific or generic coping with the consequences, help-seeking behavior, and the need for culturally sensitive treatment is explored. First, the influence of the migration context is considered with regard to the possible sickening role of the asylum procedure, the burden for immigrant women who have undergone female genital mutilation and now live in a society that seriously condemns it, and the dilemma of Islamic migrants who experience homosexual feelings while living in a secularized society. Following are some contributions on cultural diversity in the expression of trauma symptoms, like somatization among refugees and the articulation of rage and embitterment among labor migrants. The impact of trauma in combination with migration on families and how children can be affected by the traumatization of their parents is the topic of two contributions in which the role of the (extended) family is explored and a contextual approach to working with families with trauma-related symptoms (a mentalization based multifamily therapy) is described. The factors that impede therapyseeking behaviour and drop-out are discussed in a study on Moroccan or Turkish girls who were raped. Finally, the applicability and efficacy of evidence-based interventions for treating ethnic minority patients with posttraumatic stress disorder is illustrated by a study on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing with refugees and an article on specific elements of intercultural trauma therapy that appear to be culturally sensitive.

Keywords: Asylum Procedure Cultural Diversity Culture Ethnic Minority Patients Female Genital Homosexuality Islamic Migrants Mentalization-Based Multi-Family Therapy Mutilation Migration Context Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotrauma Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

177. Oppenheim, H.-J. (2005, November). De som der delen: EMDR bij de behandeling van een vrouw met DIS [The sum of its parts: EMDR to treat a woman with DIS]. Presentatie op het Eerste Congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Er zijn, zover bekend, zeven artikelen verschenen over de toepassing van EMDR bij DIS. Young (1994) beschrijft de toepassing van EMDR gericht op de fobische symptomen bij DIS. Paulsen (1995) komt met een theoretisch model gebaseerd op neuronale netwerken voor de dissociatieve stoornissen. Volgens Paulsen zorgt EMDR voor de her-associatie van het gedisscocieerde materiaal. Zij maant echter tot behoedzaam gebruik van EMDR, zeker bij de ernstige dissociatieve stoornissen. Anderen maken melding dat, vaak aangepaste versies van, EMDR zinvol kan zijn als een beperkte toegevoegde techniek in de behandeling van DIS (Lazrove & Fine, 1996; Chemtob, Tolin, Van Der Kolk, & Pitnam, 2000; Twombly, 2000; Fine & Berkowitz, 2001). Gelinas (2003) gaat nog verder en stelt een behandeling voor waarin een gemodificeerde vorm van van EMDR wordt gecombineerd met een ‘fase georiënteerde trauma behandeling’.
In deze presentatie staat de behandeling van een 44 jarige, zeer ernstig getraumatiseerde vrouw met DIS centraal. Zij volgt sinds eind 1997 een cognitief-gedragstherapeutische therapie. In september 2004 is er gestart met EMDR. Mede aan de hand van videofragmenten wordt het half jaar durende verwerkingsproces verteld, van één van de vele trauma’s die de cliënte heeft meegemaakt. Te zien valt onder meer hoe met behulp van EMDR specifieke informatie van de diverse alters zodanig geïntegreerd wordt, dat volledige verwerking mogelijk blijkt te zijn. Er zal aandacht besteed worden aan de specifieke wijze waarop bij deze behandeling met EMDR moest worden omgegaan.

There are known to be seven articles about the use of EMDR in DIS. Young (1994) describes the application of EMDR focused on phobic symptoms in DIS. Paulsen (1995) with a theoretical model based on neural networks for the dissociative disorders. According to Paulsen EMDR allows for the re-association of the gedisscocieerde material. It urges, however, to cautious use of EMDR, especially in severe dissociative disorders. Others have reported that, often modified versions of, EMDR can be useful as a limited added technique in the treatment of CIS (Lazrove & Fine, 1996; Chemtob, Tolin, Van Der Kolk, & Pitnam, 2000, Twombly, 2000, Fine & Berkowitz, 2001). Gelinas (2003) goes further and proposes a treatment for which a modified form of EMDR is combined with a phase-oriented trauma treatment.
In this presentation, the treatment of a 44 year old woman with very severely traumatized central CIS. It follows since the end of 1997 a cognitive-behavioral therapy. In September 2004 has started with EMDR. Partly on the basis of video clips, the half-year process told by one of the many traumas that the client has experienced. Is to see how including using EMDR specific information from the various alters so integrated that complete processing proves impossible. Attention will be paid to the specific manner in which this treatment with EMDR should be handled.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

178. Rijken, T. A. (2012). De werkzaamheid van eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Ondersteuning voor een afleidingstheorie [The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Support for a theoretical derivation]. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
De eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) interventie wordt veelvoudig gebruikt in de gezondheidszorg en is een van de meest onderzochte interventies voor posttraumatische stress-stoornis. De populariteit van deze interventie kan mede worden toegeschreven aan de aangetoonde werkzaamheid van EMDR voor het verminderen van traumasymptomen. EMDR is een behandeling die bedoeld is om de helderheid en aversiviteit van traumaherinneringen te verminderen. Tijdens de interventie staat het ophalen van traumatische herinneringen en tegelijkertijd het maken van oogbewegingen centraal. De laatste jaren zijn labstudies toegepast om te achterhalen hoe EMDR precies werkt. Uit deze studies blijkt dat de belasting van het werkgeheugen door een duale taak een belangrijk component van EMDR is. Het werkgeheugen heeft namelijk een beperkte capaciteit. Dit zorgt ervoor dat er minder capaciteit beschikbaar is voor de traumatische herinnering wanneer deze tijdens de behandeling wordt belast met een taak (bv. oogbewegingen). De werkgeheugentheorie is bruikbaar, maar er is wellicht een simpelere verklaring voor de werkzaamheid van EMDR: afleiding. Het is praktisch te weten hoe EMDR werkt zodat er meer duidelijkheid ontstaat over hoe EMDR precies moet worden toegepast. Daarnaast is het begrip van de werking van EMDR belangrijk voor het vaststellen van eventuele bruikbaarheid bij meerdere stoornissen. Het doel van huidig experiment is het kritisch onderzoeken of er een verschil is tussen het ophalen van een negatieve herinnering met een visuele afleidingstaak en het ophalen van een negatieve herinnering met het maken van oogbewegingen op de mate van levendigheid en emotionaliteit. Daarnaast dient het onderzoek als replicatie van Kavanagh et al. (2001) die hetzelfde beoogde te onderzoeken, maar geen rekening hield met de cognitieve belasting van de taken. Uit de resultaten van het huidige onderzoek blijkt dat de oogbewegingstaak en de visuele afleidingstaak verschillen in de mate van vertraging op de reactietijdtaak. De oogbewegingen leiden tot een grotere vertraging. Desondanks laten de resultaten van het experiment zien dat tijdens het toepassen van de interventies de visuele ruis tot grotere reductie van zowel levendigheid als emotionaliteit leidt in vergelijking met de oogbewegingen en het niets doen. Oogbewegingen laten intermediaire resultaten zien. Het lijkt er op dat de resultaten in strijd zijn met de gangbare werkgeheugentheorie en de ‘afleidingstheorie’ ondersteunen als verklaring voor de werkzaamheid van EMDR. Het is wellicht afleiding dat voldoende zou kunnen zijn om de werkzaamheid van EMDR te bewerkstelligen. Meer onderzoek is nodig om deze resultaten te ondersteunen.

The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) intervention is multiple used in health care and is one of the most studied treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. The popularity of this intervention may also be attributed to the demonstrated efficacy of EMDR for reducing trauma symptoms. EMDR is a treatment designed to reduce the brightness and aversiviteit memories of trauma reduction. During the intervention is retrieving traumatic memories while making eye movements centrally. In recent years labstudies used to determine how EMDR works. These studies show that the load on working memory by a dual task is an important component of EMDR. The memory has a limited capacity ie. This ensures that there is less capacity available for the traumatic memory during treatment when it is subjected to a task (eg eye movements). The working memory theory is useful, but there may be a simpler explanation for the efficacy of EMDR: distraction. It is practical to know how EMDR works so that more clarity about exactly how EMDR should be applied. In addition, the concept of the operation of EMDR important for determining the potential usefulness in multiple disorders. The purpose of the present experiment is to critically examine whether there is a difference between getting a negative memory with a visual distraction task and retrieval of a negative memory making eye movements on the degree of vividness and emotionality. Research must also as a replication of Kavanagh et al (2001) that the same was intended to investigate, but took no account of the cognitive load of the tasks. The results of the present study show that the oogbewegingstaak and visual distraction task differences in the extent of delayed response task. The eye movements lead to a longer delay. Nevertheless, the results of the experiment show that while applying the intervention visual noise to greater reduction in both vividness and emotionality results in comparison with the eye movements and do nothing. Eye movements show intermediate results. It seems that the results are contrary to the usual working memory theory and the "distraction theory 'support as an explanation for the efficacy of EMDR. It might distractions that may be sufficient to establish the efficacy of EMDR to achieve. More research is needed to support these results.

Keywords: Theory Derivation Working Memory Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

179. Rana, M. (2010, July). Dealing with psychotrauma in war against terror: East meets West through EMDR. Symposium (Samin Karim, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The ‘War on Terror’ on the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan has committed almost two hundred thousand troops on either side with more than five million civilians directly affected by terrorist acts, bombings, blasts, drone attacks, and air strife. Children, women, and men of all ages report to health facilities in hundreds with psycho trauma ranging from acute stress reactions, posttraumatic stress disorders, dissociation, depression, anxiety and Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS). The health professionals with hardly any training in handling of psycho trauma are clueless about how to deal with these cases. A handful of mental health professionals trained by EMDR UK and EMDR Europe experts, through a humanitarian assistance programme are the only trained human resource currently available to deal with these massive numbers of survivors. A strategic placement of this grossly limited number of trained EMDR human resource ( four females, six males), in the war zone has helped scores of soldiers to return to the battlefield, hundreds of children to return to their schools, dozens of families to return to normality and many adults to return to work. The elementary yet devoted and dedicated EMDR services in the war torn regions of Swat, Wazirastan, Kohat and tertiary care services at Rawalpindi are a result of a timely collaboration between EMDR trainers from West providing training in EMDR to psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses and social workers of Pakistan; indeed a fine example of ‘Building Bridges between East & West through EMDR’.

Keywords: Psychotrauma Symposium: Terror War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

180. Horton, H. (2011, June). Dealing with self-distress. Occupational Health, 63(6), 20-22.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The author, a nurse and victim of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for her service in Iraq, explains how to deal with the condition. She provides statistics on health practitioners who suffer from the condition, and describes a form of treatment for it called eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR). She explains how victims and their families are affected by PTSD, and describes the symptoms people should look out for in order to recognize the condition. She also provides an overview of its history and diagnosis.

Keywords: Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

181. Errebo, N. (2010, July). A decade of EMDR humanitarian trainings in Asia. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In 1999, EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) began its work in Asia in Bangladesh. Since then HAP teams have trained clinicians in India, Indonesia, China, Thailand, Sri Lanka. This presentation will summarize what has been learned from ten years of experience in Asia. The EMDR HAP training in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami will be presented in detail. Issues addressed will include needs assessment, organization, collaboration among organizations, ethics, cultural competence ,and program evaluation. Videotapes will show training and sessions of trainees with tsunami survivors. The presentation will show how to train participants to think, write, and speak about EMDR as well as how to competently and ethically utilize EMDR with clients. An EMDR training program was conducted as a joint project of three organizations: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP), International Relief Teams (IRT), and the Sri Lankan National Counselors Association (SRILNAC). Between March and December 2005, 30 Sri Lankan counselors were trained in EMDR. These counselors demonstrated competence in EMDR on several measures, treated more than 1,000 children and more than 350 adult tsunami victims with EMDR in 2005, provided narrative reports and outcome measures for most of their clients, and formed the Sri Lanka EMDR Association (SEA). The crucial steps in establishing and implementing this training program are explained, with a summary of the subjective impressions and learning experiences most valued by the training team, including an excerpt from a trainer’s journal. This information may be useful to future cross-cultural humanitarian efforts following large-scale disasters. This article summarizes the crucial steps in establishing and carrying out this training program as well. Previous HAP programs in Bangladesh and Turkey (Konuk et al., 2006) had led to the development of a model of therapist training and service delivery following large-scale natural disasters. Great need for mental health treatment in developing countries following a disaster and the even greater challenge of delivering effective, culturally competent mental health treatment in these situations. Silove and Bryant (2006) praised the rapid needs assessment after the tsunami as an important advancement in psychiatric epidemiology that demonstrated the value of such assessment in guiding mental health interventions after disasters.They pointed out that the controversy over whether to offer psychological treatment after disasters confuses funding agencies and those planning mental health programs after disasters. Their concerns were echoed in Raphael and Stevens’s (2006) delineation of the emerging consensus about good mental health practice after disasters in an article that was not a part of the Bangkok symposium. IRT directors, EMDR-HAP staff, and SRILNAC leaders discussed crucial political, ethical, economic, and logistical decisions in conference calls and e-mails. They outlined a program that would be responsive to the culture and needs of Sri Lanka, would provide world-class EMDR training and consultation, and would follow International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) guidelines for mental health programs in post disaster situations (Weine et al., 2002). Following the funding mandate of IRT, the HAP team took responsibility for ensuring that services would in fact be delivered to tsunami survivors and that those services would be clinically effective. Therefore, requirements for continuing participation were quite specific, and trainees were more thoroughly evaluated than in previous HAP projects. These 30 counselors treated more than 1,350 tsunami survivors with EMDR between March and December 2005 and submitted outcome reports on these sessions that show marked improvement in PTSD symptoms. We know from e-mail contact that a number of participants continue to use EMDR effectively. As mentioned Important elements of the HAP training program in Sri Lanka included (a) adequate funding, (b) selection of trainees, (c) negotiation of objectives among HAP,IRT, and SRILNAC, (d) the pre-EMDR training in traumatology, (e) the consultation between trainings,(f ) the requirements for ongoing participation in the training, (g) a variety of measures of competence in EMDR, (h) the continuing, ongoing consultation with trainees, and (i) dedication. A project like this is expensive. IRT received.

Keywords: Asia HAP Humanitarian Assistance Programs Trainings

Accuracy Verified: Yes

182. Forgash, C. A. (2005, June). Deepening EMDR treatment effects across the trauma spectrum: Integrating EMDR and ego state work. Föreningen EMDR Sverige, EMDR Tidningen, 7(2), 6-14.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The concepts, interventions, and techniques presented in this workshop are culled from theory and techniques of working with the range of the dissociative disorders). They have proved to be an effective addition to the preparation stage of the EMDR protocol. In other words, they can be used with clients who dissociate under certain conditions but do not have a dissociative disorder Most of the traumatized clients seen for EMDR treatment have a range of dissociative symptoms as well as symptoms of PTSD. This combination of PTSD and a dissociative disorder is often labeled DDNOS. However, people with a more complex variety of PTSD usually have experienced very early and enduring severe physical or sexual abuse (generally perpetrated by a family member), atrocities, war, or severe environmental disruption such as earthquakes. They are more accurately diagnosed with disorders of extreme stress (DESNOS). For these clients, the dissociated neural networks, or dissociative fragmentation, cause serious problems in adult life. The adaptive information processing system is on hold for these dissociated fragments or parts. They are easily triggered by internal or external cues to which they can have extreme reactions, (flashbacks, amnesia, losing time and place, and so forth.) Our goal as therapists is to use EMDR to help clients (and their internal dissociated neural networks or parts) find stability and resources to function adaptively in their present life, and then desensitize and reprocess the dissociated trauma memories and the PTSD symptoms. We aim to help our clients manage their symptoms. It is not our goal to eliminate dissociation, which has been a major survival strategy, but to help the client utilize it with conscious control. It is important to note that attachment issues are an aspect of development that are especially impacted by trauma. The attachment styles of the family pre trauma may have already affected the client in negative ways, impacting the client's resources and responses to trauma. One way to look at this set of problems is to utilize two approaches in the preparation phase of EMDR. These approaches combine the treatment of dissociative symptoms with ego state work and are an essential aspect of treating these clients with EMDR. This work may extend the preparation phase considerably, but will add safety and structure to the trauma processing experiences for these clients.

Keywords: Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

183. Torres, R. V. (2012, Novembro). Depressão por parto na adoção: A cura pelo EMDR [Partum depression after adoption: The EMDR cure]. In Casos Clínicos I. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um caso clínico, de uma paciente de 46 anos, no período de adaptação da adoção de uma criança de cinco anos. As dificuldades apresentadas inicialmente eram relacionadas: à vinculação afetiva materna, ao exercício dos cuidados físicos e afetivos com a criança, ao exercício e à percepção do papel materno, aliados a fortes sintomas somáticos. Com a existência de grande desejo de ser mãe, há 15 anos fazia tratamento para engravidar. A adoção não representava um tabu para a mesma. No entanto, a infância vinha à tona com frequência e representava grande parte de seu sofrimento: sua mãe estava com 46 anos quando de seu nascimento e, desde então, fora acometida de enfermidades por toda sua vida, impedindo a realização de cuidados físicos e afetivos para com ela. Foram realizadas 20 sessões de EMDR e as experiências traumáticas da relação mãe x filha, bem como os medos de repetir a história passada, foram processados a uma resolução adaptativa, que permitiram a assimilação de suas lembranças passadas e a incorporação de padrões para experiências positivas, possibilitando a oportunidade de ampliar conexões com redes positivas. As memórias armazenadas que serviam de base para percepção, atitudes e comportamentos foram reprocessadas e, com isso, os sintomas físicos foram extintos, de maneira a permitir que a paciente assumisse uma nova postura frente à maternidade. A percepção sobre sua mãe foi alterada e conseguiu trazer à tona bons momentos de sua infância com a mãe. Também foi reprocessada uma situação relacionada ao perdão mútuo. A paciente hoje vive o processo de maternidade forma saudável e feliz, e 04 meses após o encerramento das sessões, adotou um menino de 03 meses de vida, sem que os sintomas reaparecessem.

This paper aims to present a clinical case of a patient of 46 years in the adjustment period from the adoption of a child of five. Difficulties were initially related: the linking maternal affection, exercise and physical care of the child with affection, exercise and perception of the maternal role, coupled with strong somatic symptoms. With the existence of a great desire to be a mother 15 years ago was receiving treatment for getting pregnant. The adoption did not represent a taboo for the same. However, childhood came to the fore and often represented a large part of his suffering: his mother was 46 years old when his birth and has since been stricken with illness throughout his life, preventing the achievement of physical and emotional care to her. Were performed 20 sessions of EMDR and traumatic experiences of the mother x daughter, as well as fears of repeating past history, were processed to an adaptive resolution, which allowed the assimilation of their past memories and incorporation of standards for positive experiences, allowing the opportunity to expand connections with positive networks. The stored memories that served as the basis for perception, attitudes and behaviors were reprocessed and, therefore, the physical symptoms were abolished, so as to allow the patient to assume a new stance facing the motherhood. The perception has changed about his mother and managed to bring out good moments of his childhood with his mother. It was also reprocessed a situation related to mutual forgiveness. The patient now lives the process of motherhood healthy and happy, and 04 months after the close of the session, adopted a boy of 03 months, without symptoms reappeared.

Keywords: Adoption Motherhood Postpartum Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

184. Velozo, S. A. C. (2010, Noviembre). Desarrollo y procedimiento del método psicoterapéutico llamado E.M.D.R (Desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimiento ocular) con pacientes que sufren trastorno por estrés postraumático [Procedure development and method of psychotherapy called EMDR (eye movement desentization and reprocessing) with patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder]. Universidad Bolivariana, Escuela de Psicologia, Santiago, Chile.

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
El siguiente trabajo consta de una revision bibliografica sobre el modelo psicoterapeutico llamado E.M.D.R (Desensibilizacion y Reprocesamiento por Movimiento Ocular), utilizado en patalogias psiquicas que se originan por una vivencia traumatica, esta tecnica es vilidada cientificamente y enfatiza el Sistema de Procesaiento de Informacion intrinseco del cerebro y como son almacenadas las memorias. Se identifica el problema especifico que sera el foco del tratamiento. Mediante un protocol estructuado, la informacion que estaba atrapada y aislada en la neuro-red en la que habia sido almacenada en su forma originalmente perturbadora, es procesada y desensibilizada transformandose en algo util, functional y libre de conflict. Es un metodo psicopterapeutico innovador que accelera el tratamiento en un amplio rango de patalogias de origen psicologico, como le es el Trastorno por Estres Postraumatico. Parte por una breve resena historica del concepto de truma psiquico, descripcion del cuadro de sintomas del trastorno de ester postraumatico y una revision bibliografica sobre el modelo teorico en el que se inserta principios y procedimiento de la terapia EMDR. Por ello se presentan las fases del procedimiento, que son: 1. Historica clinica y plan de tratamiento, 2. Preparacion, 3 Evaluacion/D.I.C. E.S., 4. Desensibilizacion, 5. Instalacion de la creencia positive, 6. Chequeo corporal – Escaner corporal, 7. Cierre – Conclusion, and 8. Reevaluacion/Seguimiento. Finalmente se hara una docil comparacion con las terapias del modelo convencional en base a la triada do los sintomas del Trastorno por Estres Postraumatico, vale decir: rexpermentacion, evitacion e hiperactivacion.

The following work consists of a literature review on the psychotherapeutic model called EMDR (Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement), used in psychic patalogias that are caused by a traumatic experience, this technique is scientifically and emphasizes vilidada System Information Procesaiento intrinsic brain and how memories are stored. It identifies the specific problem will be the focus of treatment. Using a structured protocol, information that was trapped and isolated in the neuro-network that had been stored as originally disturbing is processed and transformed into something useful desensitized, functional and free of conflict. It is an innovative method accelerates psicopterapeutico treatment in a wide range of psychological origin patalogias, as he is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Party by a brief history of the concept of psychic Truma, description of box ester disorder symptoms and posttraumatic literature review on the theoretical model that is inserted in the principles and procedure of EMDR therapy. So are procedural steps which are: 1. Historical clinical and treatment plan, 2. Preparation, 3 Evaluation / D.I.C. E.S., 4. Desensitization, 5. Installation of positive belief, 6. Check body - body scanner, 7. Close - Conclusion, and 8. Reassessment / Follow-up. Finally there will be a docile compared to the conventional therapies based on the triad do the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, namely: rexpermentacion, avoidance and hyperarousal.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

185. Bae, H., & Daeho, K. (2012). Desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing for an adolescent with internet addiction disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 73-81. DOI: 10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.73.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study reports the successful treatment of Internet addiction in a 13- year-old male using four 45-minute sessions of the desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing (DeTUR) protocol—an addiction protocol of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; Popky, 2005). This protocol uses EMDR procedures to process current triggers and positive future templates, but it does not identify or directly address any past trauma. At baseline, the participant showed a moderate level of Internet addiction (scoring 75 on Young’s Internet Addiction Test [IAT]) and moderate depression (26 on the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]). During assessment, he identified 7 triggers for Internet gaming and rated the associated urge to engage in the activity with scores of 3–9 on the level of urge scale (0 5 lowest, 10 5 strongest). Using the DeTUR protocol, the level of urge for each trigger was reduced to 2, which the participants defined as “not being able to think about or crave for the game.” After treatment, his symptoms had declined to nonclinical levels (38 on IAT and 6 on BDI) and he was able to restrict his time on the Internet to an hour per day. These therapeutic gains were maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-up. The DeTUR may be a good treatment option for Internet addiction and further controlled studies are needed.

Keywords: Adolescents DeTUR Game Addiction Internet Addiction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

186. Softic, R, & Becirovic, E, (2009, Septembra). Desenzitizacija pokretima ociju i reprocesiranje (EMDR): Kada su rijeci nemocne [Desensitization of eye movements and reprocessing (EMDR): When words are disabled]. Prvi Psihoterapijski Simpozijum Bosne I Hercegovine Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Language: Serbian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Neki ljudi doţive traumatska stanja koja ne mogu u potpunosti opisati rijeĉima. Mnogi od njih nikada ni ne progovore o tome što su doţivjeli. Ali patnja se u njima nastavlja i organizam, a ĉesto i okolina plaćaju ogromnu cijenu. U takvim sluĉajevima psihoterapija koja koristi rijeĉi je nemoćna. Istraţivanja upućuju da jedna, relativno nova psihoterapijska metoda desenzitizacija pokretima oĉiju i reprocesiranje (EMDR), moţe pomoći i takvim osobama. Kada neko iskusi ozbiljnu psihološku traumu, ĉini se da dolazi do narušavanja ravnoteţe u nervnom sistemu. Ta ravnoteţa je, moguće, narušena i posredstvom razliĉitih medijatora poput adrenalina, serotonina, dopamina, kortizola itd. Zbog takve neravnoteţe onemogućeno je optimalno funkcioniranje sistema za procesiranje informacija, a informacije vezane uz traumatiĉan dogaĊaj poput slika, zvukova, afekata i fiziĉkih senzacija se zadrţavaju u disfunkcionalnom, uznemirujućem obliku. Danas izranja shvatanje da postoji неуролошки balans u razliĉitim fiziološkim sistemima što omogućuje da informacije budu procesirane na adaptivan naĉin. EMDR kod nekih traumatiziranih djeluje ĉak i kada osoba ne moţe govoriti o tome što je preţivjela. Ono što je bitno jeste da se fokusira na traumatski dogaĊaj i da suraĊuje sa terapeutom u procesu stimulisanja dualne paţnje što omogućava adaptivno procesiranje informacija. Adaptivno procesiranje znaĉi uspostavljanje adekvatnih asocijacija i pojavu da iskustvo biva konstruktivno ugraĊeno u pozitivne kognitivne i emocionalne sheme pojedinca. Odnosno, oslobaĊa od simptoma i omogućava da se nova iskustva doţive bez blokirajućeg uticaja traume.

Some people doţive traumatic conditions that can not fully describe in words. Many of them never to speak of it as doţivjeli. But the suffering in them continues and the body, and environment, and often pay a huge price. In such cases psychotherapy that uses words of the powerless. Research suggests that a relatively new psychotherapeutic methods desensitization and reprocessing eye movement (EMDR), and can help such people. When someone has experienced serious psychological trauma, it seems that there is a violation of equilibrium in the nervous system. This equilibrium is possible, and disrupted through a variety of mediators such as adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, cortisol, etc.. Because of such imbalance prevented the optimal functioning of the system for information processing and information related to traumatic an event such as images, sounds, physical sensations and affects it retains in the dysfunctional, disturbing form. It emerges that there is understanding of neurological balance in different physiological systems, which allows information to be processed on adaptive manner. EMDR works by some traumatized even when the person can not talk about what is preţivjela. What is important is to focus on the traumatic events and to co-operate with the therapist in the process of stimulating the attention of the dual provides adaptive information processing. Adaptive processing means getting the right associations and the emergence of the experience of being a built-in positive constructive cognitive and emotional schemas of the individual. That is, oslobaĊa of symptoms and allows for new experiences doţive without blocking effects of trauma.

Keywords: Doţ ivjeli Preţ ivjela

Accuracy Verified: Yes

187. Schmidt, S. J. (2004). Developmental needs meeting strategy: A new treatment approach applied to dissociative identity disorder. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 5(4), 55-78. doi:10.1300/J229v05n04_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article describes the use of the Developmental Needs Meeting Strategy (DNMS) for the treatment of dissociative identity disorder (DID). The DNMS is an ego state therapy which guides a client’s own internal resources to meet developmental needs that were not met in childhood. After 17 months of DNMS treatment a client with DID reported a near total elimination in frequency and severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts, her Trauma Symptom Inventory scores indicated no trauma symptoms, and her Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation scores indicated she no longer meets the diagnostic criteria for DID. She was functioning well without any medication. Further research is warranted.

Keywords: Developmental Needs Meeting Strategy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

188. Patti, M. S (2010, April). Diagnosing and treating complex PTSD: An integrated approach model - Borderline personality disorder and comorbid DID: intervening with EMDR, relational and sensorymotor psychotherapies . Symposium at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The paper presents a clinical case of an initial diagnosis of BPD referred to ARP by local psychiatric services where she was treated for a suicide attempt. The client presented serious affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, dissociative symptoms and refused any medication. Clinical team opted for an integrated assessment which also stabilised the client. The assessment enabled to diagnose the client with structural dissociation isolating both ANP and EP aspects. Clinical intervention adopted an integrated approach using EMDR to treat specific dissociative traits, sensorymotor therapy to intervene on somatic symptoms, and relational therapy to develop therapeutic alliance. A preliminary stabilisation enabled the client to accept support from psychiatric services. This clinical case shed light on how the integration of assessment tools may detect better trauma disorders and challenged the importance of collaborative work between private practice and psychiatric services when intervening with seriously traumatized patients.

Keywords: Borderline Personalith Disorder Comorbid DID Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

189. Erdmann, C. (2005). Die beeinflussung chronischer schmerzen durch psychologische, schmerztherapisverfahren und EMDR [The influence of psychological chronic pain, chronic pain procedures and EMDR]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Das in den 80er Jahren von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro veröffentlichte Verfahren EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) beinhaltet als zentrale Komponente, dass die Aufmerksamkeit des Patienten sich auf eine traumatische Erinnerung und die damit verbundenen Gedanken und Gefühle richtet, während gleichzeitig rhythmische Augenbewegungen induziert werden. (Shapiro 1998) EMDR eignet sich signifikant gut zur Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Störungssyndrom, meistens bestehend aus vegetativer Übererregtheit, Erstarrung, Schlaflosigkeit, Angst und Depression, das häufig auftritt nach sehr belastenden Ereignissen oder starken Bedrohungen, wie z.B. schweren Unfällen, Naturkatastrophen, Folter, sexuellem Missbrauch, Vergewaltigungen, usw. Das Störungsbild der PTBS zeigt große Ähnlichkeiten mit dem Chronischen Schmerzsyndrom. Chronischer Schmerz kann als eigenständiges Trauma gelten mit dem eigenen Körper als Opfer und Täter. Oft finden sich auch Traumata im Vorfeld oder begleitend. Chronischer Schmerz ist signifikant assoziiert mit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung, mit Angsterkrankungen, Depressionen und weiteren psychischen Störungen. EMDR wird inzwischen auch mit guten Erfolgen eingesetzt bei anderen Erkrankungen, z.B. Suchterkrankungen, Depressionen, Angst- und Zwangsstörungen. Überzeugende Erfolge stellen sich ein bei der Behandlung auch sehr kleiner Kinder mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Erkrankungen. (Tinker, Wilson 1999) Bislang gibt es aber noch relativ wenig Forschungen über die Wirksamkeit von EMDR bei Akutschmerz, bei Chronischem Schmerz und im Bereich der Psychosomatik. Es ist allerdings bekannt, dass EMDR sich bei Akutschmerz eignet zum Abbau der den Schmerz häufig begleitenden Angst und darüber hinaus bei Chronischem Schmerz zur Erhöhung der Schmerztoleranz, zu mehr Entspannung, zu positiven kognitiven Strategien, zu Desensibilisierung und zur Ablenkung. (Groth, Rogers 1994). EMDR führt zu nachweislichen neurologischen Veränderungen und damit einhergehenden vom Patienten berichteten positiven Veränderungen im Beschwerdebild. (van der Kolk 2000) EMDR lässt sich nach ersten Untersuchungen ebenfalls erfolgreich einsetzen zur Behandlung von Phantomschmerzen. (Wilson nach Tinker, Wilson 2000).

That in the 80s by the American psychologist Francine Shapiro published procedures EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) includes as a central component that the patient's attention on a traumatic memory and associated thoughts and feelings directed, while rhythmic eye movements be induced. (Shapiro 1998) EMDR is significantly well to the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is a disorder syndrome, consisting mostly of vegetative over-arousal, numbness, insomnia, anxiety and depression that occurs very often after stressful events or severe threats, such as serious accidents, natural disasters, torture, sexual abuse, rape, etc. The disorder of PTSD shows great similarities with the chronic pain syndrome. Chronic pain can be considered as a separate trauma of his own body as victims and perpetrators. Often also found in the run or incidental trauma. Chronic pain is significantly associated with post traumatic stress disorder, with anxiety disorders, depression and other mental disorders. EMDR is now used with good results in other diseases, such as Addiction, depression, anxiety and compulsive disorders. Convincing results are adapting to treat even very young children with different mental disorders. (Tinker, Wilson 1999) So far there is relatively little research on the effectiveness of EMDR in acute pain, Chronic pain and in the field of psychosomatic medicine. However, it is known that EMDR is suitable for acute pain to reduce the pain often associated with anxiety and also to increase the pain Chronic pain tolerance, more relaxation, positive cognitive strategies to desensitization and distraction. (Groth, Rogers 1994). EMDR leads to demonstrable neurological changes resulting from the patient and reported positive changes in symptoms. (Van der Kolk 2000), after initial investigations EMDR can also be used successfully to treat phantom pain. (Wilson to Tinker, Wilson 2000).

Keywords: Chronic Pain Chronic Pain Protocol Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

190. Schubbe, O. (2000). Die wirksamkeit von EMDR: Zur behandlung posttraumatischer störungen [The effectiveness of EMDR]. Institut für Traumatherapie.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Der steile Weg von EMDR zur wissenschaftlichen Anerkennung war von Anfang an von großer Begeisterung und heftigen wissenschaftlichen Kontroversen begleitet. Shapiros erste Berichte (1989a, 1989b) mit Darstellungen der Vorgehensschritte beschrieben bedeutsame Besserungen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) nach einer einzigen Sitzung "Eye Movement Desensitization" (EMD). Auf dem Hintergrund, dass PTBS bis dahin als schwer behandelbar und die Behandlungsmethoden als langwierig, anstrengend und begrenzt wirksam galten (Solomon, Gerrity, & Muff, 1992), stieß EMDR zunächst auf skeptische Zurückhaltung. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gab es nur noch eine weitere Wirksamkeitsstudie zur Therapie von PTBS, in der Peniston (1986) 45 Sitzungen Entspannung und Systematische Desensibilisierung plus Biofeedback mit einer Kontrollgruppe ohne Therapie verglichen und nur bei einzelnen Symptomen [Albträume, Muskelanspannung, Angst] von PTBS einen signifikanten Rückgang festgestellt hatte. Im Jahr der ersten Untersuchung von Francine Shapiro wurden noch drei weitere Untersuchungen zur Behandlung von PTBS veröffentlicht, von denen keine auch nur annähernd vergleichbare Behandlungserfolge berichten konnte.

The steep path of EMDR to the scientific recognition was accompanied by the beginning of great enthusiasm and fierce scientific controversies. Shapiro's first reports (1989a, 1989b) with descriptions of the action steps described significant improvement of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a single session "Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD). On the background of PTSD until then treated as serious and the treatment methods were considered to be lengthy, exhausting, and have limited effect (Solomon, Gerrity, & Muff, 1992), EMDR struck first on skeptical restraint. At this time there was only one additional efficacy study for the treatment of PTSD, in the Peniston (1986) 45 meetings, relaxation and systematic desensitization plus biofeedback with a control group compared with no therapy and only in individual symptoms [nightmares, muscle tension, fear] of PTSD a significant decrease was noted. In the first investigation by Francine Shapiro, three other studies have been published for the treatment of PTSD, which was able to report not even close to comparable treatment results.

Keywords: Effectiveness Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

191. Wagner, F. (2004). Die wirksamkeit von eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bei der posttraumatischen belastungsstorung im vergleich zu kontrollbedingungen und kognitiv-behavioralen therapien: Eine metaanalytische untersuchung [Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder compared with control conditions, and cognitive-behavioral therapies]. Zugl: Heidelberg. doi:volltextserver/volltexte/2005/5803 . --.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Metaanalyse war es, die Wirksamkeit von EMDR und kognitiv-behavioralen Therapieverfahren bei der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung mit dem aktuellen Stand an Publikationen metaanalytisch zu untersuchen. In einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche wurden hierfür sowohl publizierte Originalarbeiten als auch unpublizierte Manuskripte recherchiert. Insgesamt gingen 32 Originalstudien in die Metaanalyse ein. 13 der Studien waren reine EMDR-Studien; 7 untersuchten sowohl eine Gruppe mit EMDR als auch eine Gruppe mit kognitiv-behavioraler Therapie. 12 Studien waren reine kognitiv-behaviorale Therapiestudien. Darüber hinaus sollte die Wirksamkeit unter dem Gesichtspunkt der verschiedenen PTSD- und komorbiden Symptomatiken betrachtet werden. In einem weiteren Schritt wurde EMDR direkt mit kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlungsmethoden verglichen. Effektstärken wurden sowohl für die PTSD-Symptomkategorien Intrusionen, Vermeidung und erhöhtes Arousal als auch für die komorbiden Symptome Angst und Depression berechnet. Die Berechnung der Effektstärken erfolgte anhand von standardisierten Mittelwertsvergleichen. Neben dem direkten Vergleich von EMDR mit kognitiv-behavioralen Therapieansätzen bzw. von EMDR und kognitiv-behavioraler Therapie mit Kontrollgruppen (Post-/Post-Vergleich) wurden auch die Veränderungen innerhalb der Behandlungsgruppen berechnet (Prä-/Post-Vergleich). In den Post-/Post-Vergleich gingen nur kontrollierte und randomisierte Originalstudien ein. In den Prä-/Post-Vergleich hingegen wurden auch Ein-Gruppen-Studien aufgenommen. Als Effektmaß wurde Hedges´d verwendet. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass sowohl EMDR als auch die kognitiv-behaviorale Therapie wirksam in der Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung sind. Beide Verfahren reduzieren in klinisch bedeutsamem Umfang, sowohl unmittelbar als auch lang anhaltend, die PTSD-Symptomatiken Intrusionen, Vermeidung und erhöhtes Arousal. Darüber hinaus führen beide Behandlungsmethoden auch zu einer Reduktion der komorbiden Symptomatiken Angst und Depression. Die Effektivität beider Verfahren zeigt sich hierbei sowohl im Prä-/Post-Vergleich als auch im direkten Post-/Post-Vergleich mit einer Kontrollbedingung. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich eine ähnlich hohe Wirksamkeit von EMDR und kognitiv-behavioraler Therapie, sowohl im Vergleich der Prä-/Post-Effektstärken als auch im direkten Post-/Post-Vergleich. Dennoch scheint es unterschiedliche Einflussfaktoren zu geben, welche die Therapieeffektivität sowohl bei EMDR als auch bei kognitiv-behavioraler Therapie beeinflussen. Aufgrund der geringen Studienzahl lassen sich diese Faktoren jedoch nicht näher untersuchen. Des Weitern zeichnen sich Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Effizienz der beiden Therapieformen ab: So beträgt die durchschnittliche Behandlungsdauer bei EMDR 5 Sitzungen, bei der kognitiv-behavioralen Therapie hingegen 8 Sitzungen. Darüber hinaus ist die Expositionsdosis bei den kognitiv-behavioralen Therapien höher als bei EMDR.
Die Befunde zur Wirksamkeit der bilateralen Stimulation sind hingegen weniger eindeutig. Allerdings sind Studien, welche den Versuch unternehmen, die Augenbewegungen bei Personen mit PTSD isoliert zu betrachten, oftmals von erheblichen methodischen Mängeln gekennzeichnet. Einzelne Befunde und Modellvorstellungen zur Rolle der bilateralen Stimulation beim EMDR werden im Diskussionsteil erörtert.

The aim of this meta-analysis is to examine the efficacy of EMDR and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approaches in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on the basis of the publications relating to this issue up to the present. A large-scale search for pertinent literature came up with a total of 32 original studies. The results of these studies suggest that both the EMDR approach and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy methods are effective in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Both approaches bring about immediate and sustained reduction of the PTSD symptoms intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal to a clinically significant degree. In addition, both treatments lead to a reduction of the comorbid symptomatologies anxiety and depression. The comparison of pre/post effect sizes and direct post/post comparison indicate that EMDR and cognitive behavioral therapy are similar in their efficacy. In terms of efficiency the EMDR method appears to have a slight advantage. However, the present meta-analytic study makes no attempt to address the issue of whether this efficiency advantage should be interpreted as having a bearing on clinical practice.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

192. Hopper, J., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., Yehuda, R., van der Kolk, B. A., & Simpson, W. (2003, October-November). Differential biological outcomes of EMDR and fluoxetine for PTSD. In B. A. van der Kolk (Chair), Treatment outcome studies of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment Outcome Studies of PTSD: This symposium presents three large carefully controlled treatment outcome studies using four different treatment modalities (CBT, EMDR, psychopharmacology and Cognitive Processing) and presents data on comparative efficacy, treatment responsiveness and resistance, effects on comorbidity, quality of life, and biological changes that accompany symptom improvement.

Differential Biological Outcomes of EMDR and Fluoxetine for PTSD: Two major developments in PTSD research have been the development of effective treatments and the delineation of pathophysiology. While major gains have been made in both of these areas, they have occurred in parallel. There is a need for investigations of possible differential effects of different treatment modalities on biological aspects of PTSD. In this randomized controlled trial (N = 105), we compared the exposure treatment Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, the serotonergic reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, and pill placebo for their effects on both PTSD symptoms and biological parameters. The outcome measures were severity of reexperiencing, avoidant/numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms; psychophysiological reactivity to script-driven imagery; basal salivary cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test (DST). At pre-treatment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, saliva samples were acquired at 8 a.m., 11 p.m. (immediately followed by dexamethasone) and 8 a.m.. Participants also underwent a script-driven imagery protocol utilizing four 30s scripts, each followed by a 60s script imaging period and 2 minute recovery periods (fixed order: neutral, trauma, neutral, trauma). Preliminary analyses partially support hypothesizes concerning differential efficacies of pharmacological and psychological treatments on different symptom clusters and biological markers of the disorder, at post-treatment and 3- month follow-up. Potential implications for treatment and future research will be discussed.

Keywords: Fluoxetine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

193. Forgash, C. (2010, September/October). Dissociation in the dental chair: Implications for the EMDR treatment of health issues. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR treatment is effective in dealing with many health problems (exacerbated by dissociation)encountered by many complex trauma clients. The negative sequelae of abuse on the physical and mental health of these clients includes flashbacks and dissociative episodes. They are frequently avoidant of health care, which can lead to further consequences. This presentation will focus on expanding the EMDR Preparation Phase; presenting strategies to deal with dissociation, emotional issues, and PTSD symptoms. The Desensitization and Reprocessing Phase will deal with earlier traumatic events, health issues and current and past dissociative events which are frequently at the root of these problems.

Keywords: Dissociation Health Issues

Accuracy Verified: Yes

194. van der Hart, O. (2011, March). Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatisation and a guide to EMDR treatment. Preconference presentation at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There is currently consensus that the EMDR standard protocol needs to be modified for chronically traumatized clients, such as clients with complex dissociative disorders, as it may destabilize them. Therefore, therapists need to have a good understanding of the dissociative personality structure that exists in these clients. Dissociation is an undue division of the personality among two or more biopsychosocial systems or “dissociative parts” that comprise the survivor’s personality. One or more of them function in daily life; others are fixated in traumatic experiences, are living in trauma-time. The more severe the traumatisation, the more dissociative parts, involving more complex trauma-related disorders, can be expected to exist. Dissociative parts have psychobiological boundaries that are maintained, to a large degree, by different trauma-related phobias, which are systematically resolved in phase-oriented treatment. Indeed, participants will be able to describe structural dissociation of the personality as a specific form of integrative failure that needs to be overcome in phase-oriented treatment, identify ways of relating dissociative symptoms to the underlying dissociation of the personality, and identify targets such as the dissociation-maintaining phobias, for EMDR interventions in the respective treatment phases. The emphasis will be on the preparatory work, including how to work with dissociative parts living in trauma-time and those perceived as being malevolent, necessary before focusing on the integration of traumatic memories.

Keywords: Dissocation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

195. van der Hart, O. (2010, September/October). Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatization and its treatment. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR treatment of complex trauma-related disorders may benefit from a clear understanding of the dissociative nature of these disorders. Dissociation is an undue division of the personality among two or more psychobiological systems or “dissociative parts” that comprise the survivor’s personality. One or more of them function in daily life; others are fixated in traumatic experiences. The more severe the traumatization, the more dissociative parts, involving more complex trauma-related disorders, can be expected to exist. Dissociative parts have psychobiological boundaries that are maintained, to a large degree, by different trauma-related phobias, which should be systematically resolved in phase-oriented treatment. Participants will be able to describe structural dissociation of the personality as a specific form of integrative failure that needs to be overcome in phase-oriented treatment, identify ways of relating dissociative symptoms to the underlying dissociation of the personality, and identify targets for EMDR interventions in each of the three treatment phases in terms of overcoming specific phobias.

Keywords: Chronic Traumatization Plenary

Accuracy Verified: Yes

196. Lanius, U. F. (2001, June). Dissociation processes and EMDR: Staying connected. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn a model, based on recent developments in neuroscience and the neurobiology of dissociation, that guides therapeutic interventions in general and EMDR treatment in particular; 2) apply effective treatment planning, target selection, and the use of both body-oriented (bottom-up processing); 3) learn to utilize interventions intended to minimize dissociative symptoms; and 4) learn techniques that aid clients in becoming reconnected, once dissociative processes have occurred.

Keywords: Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

197. van der Hart, O. (2007). Dissociation: The key to understanding and treating traumitization. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A precise understanding of trauma-related dissociation is essential for clinical practice, including the use of EMDR with traumatized patients. The existence of many conflicting and vague definitions of dissociation that include a mixture of constructs has obscured understanding of the nature of dissociation. Thus, it is viewed alternately as a process, a structure, a defense mechanism, a deficit, and as various symptoms. Most contemporary clinicians and researchers working with traumatized people have lost a connection with the unifying and comprehensive theory of trauma-related dissociation already outlined over the course of the history of psychiatry. Thus, a return to the original major studies on trauma-related dissociation is essential in clarifying the concept of dissociation, in reconciling it with contemporary science, and in realizing its importance in treatment. The works of two Masters will be used to highlight this basic concept: Pierre Janet (1859-1947) and Charles Myers (1873-1947). The theory of structural dissociation of the personality integrates their original views on dissociation with modern findings from clinical practice and research and developments in the neurosciences. It emphasizes that the personality system of the trauma survivor becomes structurally divided into two or more self-conscious psychobiological subsystems. Some of these subsystems, which we have called “dissociative parts of the personality”, are engaged in daily living and avoidance of traumatic memories, other parts are fixated in traumatic experiences and essentially engaged in animal defensive actions toward perceived danger. More severe chronic traumatization leads to more complex structural dissociation, and thus to more complex trauma-related disorders. Although short-term, intensive treatments such as prolonged exposure and EMDR are appropriate for simple trauma-related disorders, a phase-oriented treatment is the standard of care formore complex disorders. Regardless of treatment modalities employed, be it EMDR or other approaches, therapists need to be skilled in the recognition of symptoms of dissociation and in special treatment approaches that support personality integration among dissociative parts, particularly in working with traumatic memories.

Keywords: Dissociation Keynote

Accuracy Verified: Yes

198. Lanius, U. F. (2004, September). Dissociative processes and EMDR – Staying connected. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A model is proposed, based on recent research in neuroscience and the neurobiology of dissociation and attachment, that guides therapeutic interventions in general and EMDR treatment in particular. Participants will become familiar with specific interventions intended to minimize dissociative symptoms, as well as techniques that aid clients in becoming reconnected, once dissociative processes have occurred. That is, a comprehensive therapeutic approach is described to aid clients with dissociative symptoms to stay connected, and in some cases reconnect with their healing process, thereby enhancing the likelihood of efficient information processing during EMDR treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

199. Zucker, M., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., & van der Kolk, B. A. (2006). Dissociative symptomatology in posttraumatic stress disorder and disorders of extreme stress. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 7(1), 19-32. doi:10.1300/J229v07n01_03.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The present study was designed to assess differences in dissociative symptoms in adults with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) vs. PTSD plus Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS). This study was done for two reasons: (1) to better understand the clinical profile of DESNOS clients in order to inform more effective treatment, and (2) to further empirical research on the validity of the DESNOS construct. To assess severity of dissociative symptoms, the authors administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) to 155 participants with PTSD. Using the Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress (SIDES), participants were divided into two groups: those who also met criteria for DESNOS and those who did not. DES means are provided for the two groups. Participants with PTSD plus DESNOS scored higher than participants with only PTSD on the measure of dissociative symptomatology, particularly on the DES scales that tap absorption/fantasy and depersonalization/derealization. The two groups did not differ on the amnesia subscale of the DES. Findings support the construct validity of the DESNOS concept and further delineate the clinical profiles of community-based PTSD with and without DESNOS, thus contributing to the knowledge base on the assessment of complex adaptations to trauma. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website: © 2006 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.]

Keywords: DES DESNOS Dissociation Dissociative Experiences Scale Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

200. Becker, L., Todd-Overman, A., Stoothoff, W., & Lawson, P. (1998, July). Do eye movements hinder the avoidance process leading to greater accessibility of traumatic memories?. In Ironic memory, PTSD, and EMDR. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn Wegner's ironic memory process model; 2) learn how the ironic memory process model is related to the DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD; 3) learn that eye movements at different speeds interfere with and interact with the speech process; and 4) learn that eye movements can inhibit the suppression process.

Keywords: Eye Movement Ironic Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium Wegner

Accuracy Verified: Yes

201. Hembree, E., Foa, E., Dorfan, N., Street, G., Kowalski, J., & Tu, X. (2003, December). Do patients drop out prematurely from exposure therapy for PTSD?. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(6), 555-562. doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000004078.93012.7d.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of exposure therapy in the treatment of chronic PTSD. Despite the convincing outcome literature, a concern that this treatment may exacerbate symptoms and lead to premature dropout has been voiced on the basis of a few reports. In this paper, we examined the hypothesis that treatments that include exposure will be associated with a higher dropout rate than treatments that do not include exposure. A literature search identified 25 controlled studies of cognitivebehavioral treatment for PTSD that included data on dropout. The results indicated no difference in dropout rates among exposure therapy, cognitive therapy, stress inoculation training, and EMDR. These findings are consistent with previous research about the tolerability of exposure therapy. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Dropouts

Accuracy Verified: Yes

202. Mevissen, L., Lievegoed, R., Seubert, A., & de Jongh, A. (2011, December). Do persons with intellectual disability and limited verbal capacities respond to trauma treatment?. Journal Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 36(4), 274-279.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background. There is not one case report of successful trauma treatment with the use of an evidence-based treatment method in people with substantially limited verbal capacities. This paper assessed the applicability of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) in two clients with moderate ID, serious behavioural problems, and histories of negative life events. Method. The 8-phase protocol of EMDR, a first-line treatment for psychological trauma, was applied. Results. In both cases, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms decreased in a total of only 6 and 5 sessions, respectively. Gains were maintained at 32 and 10 months' follow-up. Conclusions. EMDR seems to be an applicable psychological trauma treatment for persons with limited verbal capacities. Considering the importance of these findings, further and more rigorous research is required.

Keywords: Developmental Disabiities Intellectual Disabilities

Accuracy Verified: Yes

203. Lockhart, S. (2009, June 16). Do the eyes have it?. Psychology Today.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
A few years ago, my friend Ally, who had a somewhat unwarranted confidence in my knowledge of Things Psychological, asked if I knew anything about EMDR; she had suffered some severe childhood trauma, and was thinking of trying it. "EMDR?" I asked, "Is that a new street drug?" I guess that showed her what I knew. She explained that her therapist had suggested this relatively new technique, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, that had been shown to ease symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in soldiers and rape victims. From what she understood, the therapist would help her to focus on her devastating memories of childhood abuse while directing her eyes to twitch rapidly from side to side. This, according to her shrink, would help her to better "process" her memories. "Sounds like hypnotism," I expertly analyzed. "Who knows, maybe it will work." More recently, when I wrote here about the neurobiological advantages of emotionally "finding a safe place," several readers also wrote in to ask me about EMDR. Now I understand why people want an expert opinion (and I'm no expert, by the way): a heap of controversy surrounds this popular technique.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

204. Tym, R., Dyck, M., & McGrath, G. (2000, July-August). Does a visual perceptual disturbance characterize trauma-related anxiety syndromes?. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14(4), 377-394. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(00)00029-3.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The i-test was developed to assess the visual-perceptual disturbances (VPDs) frequently reported by anxious patients. Persons with the disturbance report a specific abnormal illusion of movement when they maintain a fixed gaze at the i-test stimulus. Base rates for positive responses to the i-test and for reports of a "recurrent specific memory" (RSM) of a fear experience were obtained in psychiatric outpatient (n = 301) and community (n = 128) samples. In each case, approximately one fifth of participants had a positive response to the i-test and one fifth of participants reported an RSM of fear. A positive response to the i-test is observed in women more frequently than in men. Among psychiatric patients, approximately 90% of patients who report one symptom also report the other symptom; among community members, the concordance rate is approximately 33%. When psychiatric patients with both an abnormal illusion of movement response and an RSM of trauma are treated with eye movement desensitization, both symptoms are removed in 70% of cases; when these patients undergo some other form of treatment, both symptoms are removed in 30% of cases. These results indicate that the i-test is an effective way of identifying VPDs associated with psychopathologic conditions; the association between the abnormal illusion of movement and reports of recurrent specific memories of fear experiences suggests that the VPD may be a marker of traumatic stress syndromes. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents Adults Assessment Children Depressive Disorders Females Males Injuries Memory Retrieval Techniques Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Somatic Symptoms Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Visual Hallucinations Witnesses

Accuracy Verified: Yes

205. Albright, D. L., & Thyer, B. (2010, February). Does EMDR reduce post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in combat veterans?. Behavioral Interventions, 25(1), 1-19. doi:10.1002/bin.295.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Prior meta-analyses have suggested that eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may be effective in alleviating the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR is now being recommended as a treatment for military combat veterans who suffer from PTSD. We provide a review of published outcome studies that appeared in print from 1987 - April, 2008 which examined the specific effects of EMDR on PTSD among military combat veterans. Studies were identified through electronic bibliographic databases, web sites, and manual searches of article reference lists. A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three quasi-experimental studies met our inclusionary criteria and are reviewed. The evidence supporting the use of EMDR to treat combat veterans suffering from PTSD is sparse and equivocal, and does not rise to the threshold of labeling the therapy as an empirically supported treatment. It is premature to incorporate EMDR into routine care for veterans to alleviate combat-related PTSD. EMDR needs a considerably stronger evidentiary foundation which includes large-scale RCTs involving credible placebo controlled treatment conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Keywords: Combat Veterans Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

206. Herbert, C. (2010, June). Do‘s and don‘ts in trauma therapy: Strategies for enhancing the work with trauma of different levels of complexity – a positive growth approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with traumatized clients can be overwhelming for the therapist, especially when the trauma is complex, involves dissociative symptoms or different personality states, fragmented memories or client affect is intense and poorly regulated. My experience as a supervisor of EMDR practitioners has shown that it is not uncommon for therapists, in an attempt to be helpful to the traumatized clients, to unintentionally use strategies, which are experienced as re-traumatizing or which lead to an increase in their clients’' survival based coping strategies, including the further strengthening of the ANP (Apparently Normal Personal- ~ t y- van der Hart, Nijenhuis and Steele. 2006). This workshop highlights different therapeutic challenges, which often arise for therapists when working with trauma and introduce strategies that EMDR practitioners can use in their work with such clients. This workshop embeds the principles of Positive Growth Therapy (PGT - Herbert, 20071, which encompasses combined knowledge from a variety of disciplines, including positive psychology, information-processing theory, neurobiology, somatic psychology, developmental psychology and attachment theory, mindfulness and others. These strategies, designed to nurture growth rather than dysfunction, are linked to specific therapeutic factors relevant to the work with trauma, such as different types of trauma, the nature of dissociation, the therapeutic pathway toward integration. the concept of safety, the importance of resource installation, individual pacing of therapy and the window of tolerance, different types of processing, and the integration of rational and experiential processing systems and others, which will be explored in the course of this workshop This workshop offers opportunities for both, EMDR therapists, who are fairly new to the trauma field and would like to enhance and deepen their knowledge base, and those already experienced in the trauma field who would like to use this workshop as an opportunity to re-view, further refine or validate their current ways of working. The specific learning objectives for this workshop are: 1. To find out about specific therapeutic factors that is relevant to the work with trauma. 2. To learn about strategies to avoid and strategies, which are helpful for trauma clients. 3. To increase therapist confidence in working with traumatized clients of varying levels of complexity. This workshop is unique in the way in which it transcends specific (and sometimes too narrowly defined) therapeutic modalities or psychiatric diagnoses and instead offers solutions to EMDR practitioners of all modalities by providing deeper understanding of specific therapeutic factors relevant to the work with trauma of different complexities.

Keywords: Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

207. Hembree, E., Foa, E., & Dorfan, N. (2002, November). Dropout rates across treatments for PTSD. In N. Feeney (Chair), Is exposure therapy for PTSD helpful or harmful? Symposium conducted at the 18th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Is Exposure Therapy For PTSD Helpful or Harmful?: Does exposure therapy cause severe symptom exacerbation or treatment dropout? We will examine clinical impressions and research in this area. First, clinical perspectives on the tolerability of exposure will be presented.Then, three empirical papers will explore: dropout rates for exposure, symptom exacerbation in women undergoing imaginal exposure, and factors that influence treatment choices.

Dropout rates across treatments for PTSD: Many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of exposure therapy in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the convincing outcome literature, a concern that this treatment may exacerbate symptoms and lead to premature dropout has been voiced on the basis of a few reports. In the present paper, we examined the hypothesis that treatments that include exposure will be associated with a higher dropout rate than treatments that do not include exposure. A literature search identified 17 controlled studies of cognitive behavioral treatment for PTSD that 67 Concurrent Sessions–Saturday,November 9 Saturday: 1:00 p.m.–2:15 p.m. included data on dropout. The results indicated no difference in dropout rates among exposure therapy, cognitive therapy, stress inoculation training, and EMDR.These findings are consistent with previous research about the tolerability of exposure therapy.

Keywords: Dropout Rate Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

208. Ravaglia, G. (2003). E.M.D.R. e percorso analitico [EMDR and path analysis]. Gianfranco Ravaglia.

Language: Italian

Format: Other

Abstract:
Le tesi sviluppate negli scritti di questo sito rinviano a vari indirizzi psicoterapeutici che convergono nel considerare i disturbi psicologici come esiti di atteggiamenti difensivi intenzionali, anziché come "effetti" di "cause" intrapsichiche o ambientali. Il cliente in analisi non è quindi considerato un malato da curare, ma un soggetto che ha costruito le sue difese e che per questo può anche cambiare. Il lavoro analitico verte sul chiarimento delle convinzioni irrazionali su cui si fonda la strategia difensiva della persona e sull'esplorazione dei vissuti profondi non integrati nell'infanzia perché sentiti in tale epoca come intollerabili. Il lavoro analitico si basa sull'idea che i sintomi, gli atteggiamenti difensivi ed anche molti atteggiamenti considerati normali costituiscano una risposta ragionevole nell'infanzia, ma irrazionale nella vita adulta, al dolore. Il bambino evita il dolore, mentre l'adulto può accettarlo perché dispone di risorse che nell'infanzia non aveva. Il lavoro analitico ha come obiettivo l’elaborazione delle esperienze dolorose attuali e dei vissuti dolorosi del passato. Non “cura” i disturbi psicologici, ma serve a renderli superflui; consente quindi alla persona in analisi non solo di "star meglio", ma di modificare l'atteggiamento complessivo nei confronti della sua esistenza. Dal 2000 ad oggi questo sito è cresciuto includendo ogni anno nuovi lavori. Per ogni saggio indico la data della prima pubblicazione; indico anche quella dell’ultima revisione solo nei casi in cui parti significative sono state aggiunte.

The arguments in the writings of this site refer to various addresses psychotherapy converge in considering the results of psychological disorders such as defensive intentional, rather than "effects" of "causes" intrapsychic or environmental. The customer analysis is therefore not considered a patient to be cured, but a person who has built his defenses and that this may also change. The analytical work focuses on clarifying the irrational beliefs underlying the defensive strategy of the person and the exploration of deep feelings are not integrated in childhood because at that time felt as intolerable. The analytical work is based on the symptoms, the defensive and many considered normal behavior in childhood constitute a reasonable response, but irrational in adult life, the pain. The child avoids the pain, while the adult can accept it because it has resources that childhood did not have. The analytical work has as objective the development of painful experiences of current and past painful experiences. Not cure psychological disorders, but serves to make them redundant; then allows the person in analysis not only of "getting better", but change the overall attitude towards its existence. Since 2000 this site has grown to include new works each year. For each test indicates the date of first publication, also indicates that the last review only in cases where significant parts have been added.

Keywords: Path Analysis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

209. Hollander, H. E., & Bender, S. S. (2001, January-April). ECEM (Eye Closure Eye Movements): Integrating aspects of EMDR with hypnosis for treatment of trauma. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(3-4), 187-202. doi:10.1080/00029157.2001.10404276.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The paper addresses distinctions between hypnotic interventions and Eye Movement Desensitizing and Reprocessing (EMDR) and discusses their effect on persons who have symptoms of PTSD. Eye movements in hypnosis and EMDR are considered in terms of the different ways they may affect responses in treatment. A treatment intervention within hypnosis called ECEM (Eye Closure, Eye Movements) is described. ECEM can be used for patients with histories of trauma who did not benefit adequately from either interventions in hypnosis or the EMDR treatment protocol used separately. In ECEM the eye movement variable of EMDR is integrated within a hypnosis protocol to enhance benefits of hypnosis and reduce certain risks of EMDR. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Hypnotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

210. Hollander, H. E. (2009, October). ECEM (eye closure, eye movements): Application to depersonalization disorder. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 52(2), 95-109. doi:10.1080/00029157.2009.10401701.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Closure, Eye Movements (ECEM) is a hypnotically-based approach to treatment that incorporates eye movements adapted from the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) protocol in conjunction with hypnosis for the treatment of depersonalization disorder. Depersonalization Disorder has been differentiated from post-traumatic stress disorders and has recently been conceptualized as a subtype of panic disorder (Baker et al., 2003; David, Phillips, Medford, & Sierra, 2004; Segui et. al., 2000). During ECEM, while remaining in a hypnotic state, clients self-generated six to seven trials of eye movements to reduce anticipatory anxiety associated with depersonalization disorder. Eye movements were also used to process triggers that elicited breath holding, often followed by episodes of depersonalization. Hypnotic suggestions were used to reverse core symptoms of depersonalization, subjectively described as "feeling unreal" (Simeon et al., 1997).

Keywords: ECEM Eye Closure Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

211. Maxfield, L. (2009). Editorial: Looking back, moving forward. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 210. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.210.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This issue is our second special issue in 2009, celebrating 20 years of EMDR. First introduced in 1989 with reports of an important clinical study by Francine Shapiro, EMDR has developed from a simple desensitization technique to a comprehensive psychotherapy approach. Although its research evidence is primarily related to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), some case studies and anecdotal reports indicate that EMDR may also be effective in reducing/eliminating symptoms related to other disorders, especially those with an emotionally disturbing etiology.

Keywords: History

Accuracy Verified: Yes

212. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (1993). Een nieuwe behandelingsmethode voor angst en trauma's: ‘Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing’ [A new treatment for anxiety and trauma: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. Directieve Therapie, 13(2), 78-83. doi:10.1007/BF03060028 .

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In deze bijdrage wordt een beschrijving gegeven van de achtergronden en principes van ‘Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing’ ( EMDR), een recente ontwikkeling op het gebied van de psychotherapie. Deze procedure wordt gepresenteerd als een snelle en effectieve behandelmethode voor aan angst gerelateerde klachten, waaronder posttraumatische stress-stoornissen. Een belangrijk onderdeel van EMDR is dat de therapeut bij de cliënt een aantal snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen uitlokt door hem te vragen zijn vinger te volgen, terwijl de cliënt een beeld van de traumatische herinnering in gedachten houdt. Dit zou resulteren in cognitieve veranderingen en een langdurige vermindering van angst, alsmede een verdwijnen van terugkerende herinneringen en indringende gedachten. Zoals naar voren komt uit onderzoek en twee gepresenteerde gevalsbeschrijvingen (een geval van extreme angst voor de tandheelkundige behandeling en een geval van seksueel misbruik), kan EMDR reeds effectief zijn in slechts één zitting. Het artikel sluit af met evaluatieve opmerkingen en aanbevelingen met betrekking tot het gebruik van deze behandelingsmethode in de praktijk.

In this article describes the background and principles of "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing "(EMDR), a recent development in the field of psychotherapy. This procedure is presented as a rapid and effective treatment for anxiety-related symptoms, including post-traumatic stress disorder. EMDR is an important part of the therapist to the client a number of rapid and rhythmic eye movements provokes him by asking his finger to follow, while a client image of the traumatic memory in mind. This would result in cognitive changes and a lasting reduction of anxiety and a loss of recurrent and intrusive recollections thoughts. As emerges from two studies and presented case studies (one case extreme fear of dental treatment and one case of sexual abuse), EMDR can already effectively in only one session. The article concludes with evaluative comments and recommendations regarding the using this treatment method in practice.

Keywords: Anxiety Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

213. Meneses, J. A. (2007, Novembro). Efectividad del EMDR, en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes académicos, en las alumnas de los sextos cursos del instituto tecnológico “Eloy Alfaro”, de la ciudad de Esmeraldas, Ecuador, durante el año 2.006 [Effectiveness of EMDR in reducing extreme anxiety, academic tests, students in the sixth high school courses technological "Eloy Alfaro" City Esmeraldas, Ecuador, during the year 2006]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objetivos de aprendizaje: • Demostrar que EMDR es efectivo también para reducir la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes académicos. • Informar que EMDR reduce además a niveles normales los sistemas de respuestas de ansiedad cognitiva, fisiológica, y motora y la ansiedad a la evaluación. • Concienciar que EMDR provoca también cambios cognitivos, emocionales y conductuales, como por ejemplo: el aumento de la autoestima y de la autoeficacia. • Comunicar que luego del estudio de seguimiento, se estableció que EMDR, es efectivo en la reducción de la ansiedad extrema a los exámenes, en forma estable, es decir, sin que se produzcan recaídas o sustitución de síntomas.

Learning Objectives: • Demonstrate that EMDR is effective also for reduce extreme anxiety tests academics. • Inform that EMDR also reduces levels normal response systems cognitive anxiety, physiological, and motor and evaluation anxiety. • Raise awareness that EMDR also results cognitive, emotional and behavioral such as: increased self-esteem and self-efficacy. • Communicate that after the follow-up study established that EMDR is effective in reducing the extreme anxiety examinations, in a stable, ie without relapses occur or replacement of symptoms.

Keywords: Ecuador Test Anxiety

Accuracy Verified: Yes

214. Kutz, I., Dekel, R., Schreiber, S., Resnick, V., Dolberg, O. T., Barkai, G., Leor, A., Rapoport, E., & Bloch, M. (2008, November). The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Early diagnosis and intervention in mass casualty events: Since September 2000, Israeli and Palestinian societies suffered great losses. on the Israeli side, civilians of all ages, and ethnic groups, have been exposed to various types of terrorist attacks. This symposium examines issues of diagnosis and interventions

The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes: Purpose: To examine the efficacy of a single session of a modified abridged EMDR protocol in reducing Acute Stress Syndromes (ASS) following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Methods: Treatment was provided, in a general hospital inpatient and out-patient setting to 86 patients with ASS. Friday: 11:00 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. Presenters are underlined and discussants are italicized. If serving in both roles, they are both underlined and italicized. Findings: Fifty percent reported immediate fading of their intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of their distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms, while 23% reported no improvement. Four week and six month follow-up, in the terror victims group only, showed that the immediate responders remained symptom free, while half of the non-responders, who also received subsequent additional interventions modalities, were still symptomatic. Conclusions: The difference in response may be attributed, in part, to the fact that immediate responders tended to have an uncomplicated ASS with fewer risk factors for PTSD, while the non-responders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention in uncomplicated cases and offer a psycho-physiological hypothesis for immediate response. While additional controlled studies are essential, this immediate symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Bombings Israel Palenstine Panel Symposium Terrorists

Accuracy Verified: Yes

215. Cole, F. J. (1996, November). The effect of alpha theta brainwave production on self-efficacy in the treatment of substance abuse. California School of Professional Psychology, Fresno, CA. AAT 9734483.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Two new brief treatments, Alpha Theta Brainwave Training (ATBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) were compared to Systematic Muscle Relaxation (SMR) training during the treatment of 45 hospitalized veterans in the Chemical Dependency Treatment Program of the Fresno Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center. Fifteen veterans were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, ATBT, EMDR, and SMR, to investigate whether these treatments affected self-efficacy, or confidence in the ability to resist the urge to drink. In behavioral change, self-efficacy levels are consistent predictors of short and long-term success. It was hypothesized that the greater the amount of time spent in theta brainwave frequency (4-8 Hz) during treatment, the greater the increase in self-efficacy. Brainwave activity, temperature, skin conductance and electromyographic levels were recorded during the treatment sessions. Measures of self-efficacy, self-efficacy expectancy, outcome expectancy, and level of overall physical and emotional symptoms were taken before and after treatment. Results indicated that all treatments increased self-efficacy and decreased overall physical and emotional symptoms in alcoholic subjects. Overall, there was no significant difference in the amount of time spent in theta brainwave frequency between groups, but results indicated that the treatments did produce a significant difference in the amount of time spent in theta brainwave frequency between the first and last treatment sessions in the groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(5-B), Nov 1997, pp. 2667.

Keywords: Brain Stimulation Drug Abuse Drug Rehabilitation Empirical Study Military Veterans Relaxation Therapy Self Efficacy Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

216. Kruse, M. J. (2011, June). The effect of energy psychology on rates of relapse and recidivism for substance abuse offenders in a community correction setting. The University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs, CO. AAI3460565.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This dissertation was a study of a community corrections program which incorporated adjunct Energy Psychology Therapies for Substance Abuse Offenders (SAOs), who were transitioning back into community. Rates of relapse and recidivism were compared, upon success/failure to complete drug and alcohol treatment. When Energy Psychology therapies were added, assisting offenders in resolving underlying trauma issues, there were significance differences between groups. The Choices Program used brief therapies including: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, Thought Field Therapy, Emotional Freedom Techniques, (EMDR, TFT, EFT) along with group and individual classes/sessions to relieve underlying trauma symptoms. The results indicated that people who chose to resolve underlying trauma achieved more successful treatment outcomes, thereby lowering rates of relapse and recidivism significantly.

Keywords: Community Corrections EFT motional Freedom Techniques Energy Psychology Offenders Eye Movement Social Sciences Substance Abuse Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

217. Sugimoto, K. (2010, October). The effect of PTSD treatments after stillbirth: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) combined with hypnotherapy. Presentation at the XVI International Congress of International Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venice, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: Despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care, many women will experience the birth of stillborn infant or the death of a newborn. Stillbirth is a devastating experience for women, sometimes leads to depression, anxiety, traumatic grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been very little research examining effective psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. This study explores the possibility the use of EMDR combined with hypnotherapy in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. Methods: the study consisted of a 'before and after' treatment design combined with follow-up measurements 1-3 years after EMDR treatment. Quantitative data from questionnaires (The impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were collected. In addition, qualitative data from individual interviews with the participants were collected as well. Participants: four out-patient women with post-traumatic stress after stillbirth (three of the four experienced fatal state and emergency caesarean section). Results: Three of the four participants reported reduction of post-traumatic stress after treatment (ranging from two to three sessions) and the beneficial effects remained after 1-3 years. One only took assessment session. Symptoms of intrusive thoughts seemed most sensitive for treatment. Nevertheless, all of the participants have not finished EMDR treatment completely. They were happy at the possibility at working through their stillbirth experience, but not prepared to work with other disturbing memories (feeder memories) in the past. All of the participants were afraid of the influence upon next pregnancy. Conclusion: EMDR combined with hypnotherapy might be a useful tool in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth, but we have to take great consideration about the timing of EMDR treatment. Further research is required.

Keywords: Hynotherapy Obstetrics Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Stillbirth

Accuracy Verified: Yes

218. Kimiko, S. (2010, October). The effect of PTSD treatments after stillbirth: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) combined with hypnotherapy. Presentation at the XVI International Congress of International Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venice, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Objective: Despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care, many women will experience the birth of stillborn infant or the death of a newborn. Stillbirth is a devastating experience for women, sometimes leads to depression, anxiety, traumatic grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been very little research examining effective psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. This study explores the possibility the use of EMDR combined with hypnotherapy in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. Methods: the study consisted of a ‘before and after’ treatment design combined with follow-up measurements 1-3 years after EMDR treatment. Quantitative data from questionnaires (The impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were collected. In addition, qualitative data from individual interviews with the participants were collected as well. Participants: four out-patient women with post-traumatic stress after stillbirth (three of the four experienced fatal state and emergency caesarean section). Results: Three of the four participants reported reduction of post-traumatic stress after treatment (ranging from two to three sessions) and the beneficial effects remained after 1-3 years. One only took assessment session. Symptoms of intrusive thoughts seemed most sensitive for treatment. Nevertheless, all of the participants have not finished EMDR treatment completely. They were happy at the possibility at working through their stillbirth experience, but not prepared to work with other disturbing memories (feeder memories) in the past. All of the participants were afraid of the influence upon next pregnancy. Conclusion: EMDR combined with hypnotherapy might be a useful tool in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth, but we have to take great consideration about the timing of EMDR treatment. Further research is required.

Keywords: Hynotherapy Obstetrics Stillbirth

Accuracy Verified: Yes

219. Kutz, I., Resnik, V., & Dekel, R. (2008). The effect of single-session modified EMDR on acute stress syndromes. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 190-200. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.190.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A single session of a modified, abridged EMDR protocol was provided in a general hospital inpatient and outpatient setting to 86 patients with acute stress (AS) syndrome suffering from intrusion distress following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Fifty percent reported immediate fading of intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms and distress, while 23% reported no improvement. Partial and nonresponders were provided with or referred for more comprehensive treatment. At 4-week and 6-month follow-up, the immediate responders in the terror victims group remained symptom free. The immediate responders tended to have uncomplicated AS symptoms with fewer risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while the nonresponders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention on intrusive symptoms in early uncomplicated posttraumatic cases. Although more controlled studies are essential, this immediate method for symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Intrusions Mass Casualty Event MCE Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

220. Edmond, T. E., Rubin, A., & Wambach, K. G. (1999, June). The effectiveness of EMDR with adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Social Work Research, 23(2), 103-116.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A randomized experimental evaluation found support for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. 59 women were assigned randomly to one of three groups: (1) individual EMDR treatment (six sessions); (2) routine individual treatment (six sessions); or (3) delayed treatment control group. A MANOVA was statistically significant at both posttest and follow-up. In univariate ANOVAs for each of four standardized outcome measures EMDR group members scored significantly better than controls at posttest. In a three-month follow-up, EMDR participants scored significantly better than routine individual treatment participants on two of the four measures, with large effect sizes suggestive of clinical significance. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Self Efficacy Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

221. Kannan, L., & Mehrotra, S. (2010, July). Effectiveness of EMDR with those undergoing traumatic divorce. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A contested divorce in an eastern cultural context qualifies to be classified as a traumatic event. Those experiencing this ongoing trauma often undergo PTSD and Depression. EMDR with its standard and current events protocol serves to mitigate both the anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly. This study looks at adapting EMDR for divorcing families in court, clinical and private settings. Participants will learn 1. Differences in cognition of marriage in different cultures such as western, Eastern and Middle Eastern and potential problems, which are culture specific. 2. What constitutes marital trauma and traumatic divorce in the Eastern context 3. The impact of marital trauma in terms of clinical presentation as well as non clinical parameters of well being such as self-esteem, general health, locus of control and quality of life among those undergoing EMDR. 4. How to use EMDR with those undergoing marital trauma with divorce proceedings and cultural implications. 5. Adaptations in the EMDR to the court environment as well as other setting where such clients may present themselves

Keywords: Divorce

Accuracy Verified: Yes

222. Dunn, T. M. (1995). Effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in a non-clinical population. University of Cincinnati, OH.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Panic disorder, worsening of depression and relapse of alcohol symptoms (Pitman, et al.). A relatively new technique for treating PTSD is reported to result in lasting reduction of anxiety, changes in the cognitive assessment of memory and cessation of flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, and sleep disturbances. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an experimental treatment for PTSD which is reported to have almost immediate, long lasting effects (Shapiro, 1989a). EMDR involves having the patient engage in a series of therapist-directed saccadic eye movements accompanied by cognitive exercises. The treatment may take less than an hour to administer and, it is claimed, may completely eliminate some of the more severe symptoms associated with PTSD and can have long lasting effects (one subject showed desensitization a year later [Shapiro, 1989a.1) Shapiro found the treatment to produce the best effect if performed while the patient is recalls a disturbing memory of the traumatic event.

Keywords: Non-clinical Population

Accuracy Verified: Yes

223. Fleming, J. (2012). The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of traumatized children and youth. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 16-26. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.16.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article provides a summary of all the studies that have investigated eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of traumatized children and adolescents. The effectiveness of the treatment is revealed in more than 15 studies. This article considers the differences between Type I and Type II traumas and specifically examines the effects of EMDR on traumatic stress experienced by children and youth following Type I and Type II traumas. There is a considerable body of research evaluating EMDR treatment of Type I traumas, showing strong evidence for its efficacy, but there are few studies that have specifically investigated EMDR treatment of Type II traumas. The effect of EMDR on various symptoms and problem areas is also examined. Recommendations are made for the clinical application of EMDR and for further research.

Keywords: Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

224. Farkas, L., Cyr, M., Lebeau, T. M., & Lemay, J. (2010, May). Effectiveness of MASTR/EMDR therapy for traumatized adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, (3)2, 125-142. doi:10.1080/19361521003761325 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study examined MASTR/EMDR, a trauma-focused treatment for traumatized youth taken in charge by youth protective services. Participants were 40 adolescents (ages 13-17) exhibiting conduct problems, internalizing and externalizing behaviors and who have been exposed to maltreatment. Participants were randomly assigned to MASTR/EMDR treatment or to a routine care condition. Self-report questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were administered to participants and one of their parents/caregivers at three points in time: pre-treatment, post-treatment (12 weeks) and follow-up (12 weeks). Repeated measures ANCOVAs showed that participants in the experimental group had significant improvements in their trauma symptoms and behavioral problems compared with the control group at the post-treatment evaluation. These effects were maintained at a 3-month follow-up. Results support the effectiveness of MASTR/EMDR.

Keywords: Adolescents Conduct Disorders MASTR

Accuracy Verified: Yes

225. Lamphear, M. H. (2011). Effectiveness of the post critical incident seminar in reducing critical incident stress among law enforcement officers. Walden University, Minnesota. 3454138.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Summative program evaluation was used to examine the effectiveness of the Post Critical Incident seminar (PCIS) in reducing traumatic stress symptoms of law enforcement officers (LEOs). Previous trauma theory research indicated when not addressed, the impact of such trauma leads to serious physical and mental health problems. The use of the PCIS with the study population had not been evaluated. This study was conducted, using archival data, to address this gap. The sample consisted of LEOs in the southeastern US. Officers participated in either PCIS-only or PCIS + EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) groups and were also categorized according to time since the incident. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) was administered at the start of each PCIS and again at 6 months. Dependent t tests were used to demonstrate significant pre/post decreases in IES-R scores for both groups. Of clinical concern at pretest, the IES-R scores for the PCIS + EMDR group were reduced to below the scale's threshold for clinical concern. Regression analyses were used to also document significant links connecting the time since the incident, type of incident, and gender with IES-R scores. These preliminary findings lend support for the PCIS, with implications for social change and further study: With continued research and recommendations, the PCIS can be enhanced to best help LEOs remain healthy and fit for duty, resulting in a safer society.

Keywords: Critical Incidents Law Enforcement Officers Peer Support Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder Psychology Stress PTSD Recent Events Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

226. Brennstuhl, M. J., & Tarquinio, C. (2012, June). Effects of an specific EMDR protocol for the treatment of chronic pain [Los efectos de un protocolo específico de EMDR para el tratamiento del dolor crónico]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment of chronic pain stays problematic. The complex part of cognitive, behavioral and emotional in chronic pain makes treatment complicated. Since few years, many authors have argued on a traumatic symptomatology, which is responsible of chronic pain (reactive symptom of PTSD) (Bioy & Fouques, 2002; Ferragut, 2007, 2010), or that chronic pain may induce a trauma (Burloux, 2004). This argumentation brought to us to envisage the EMDR therapy for the treatment of chronic pain. This research aims to test the effectiveness of treatment of chronic pain. We have elaborated a new protocol, which focuses on specificities on chronic pain problematic. This protocol focuses on pain and physical sensation. Inspiration on Mark Grant Protocol (Grant, 2009), R-‐Tep and Google research (Shapiro & Laub, 2009) isn’t unnoticed. Chronic pain can be approached like an elaborated trauma, because it’s always happening. So, as with recent event trauma, we can find the most difficult moment. It’s why we proposing a protocol based on focusing symptom: pain. Ten patients were treated with this new EMDR protocol, specific on chronic pain. After every session, and at the end of the treatment, the effects of this protocol on chronic pain and traumatic symptomatology were evaluated and show significant improvement. The objective is double: a significant improvement was made reducing chronic pain and associated symptoms (depression, anxiety...), and also use this protocol in a prevention move and stop chronicity of pain in the beginning.

El tratamiento del dolor crónico sigue siendo problemático. Los elementos cognitivos, conductuales y emocionales complejos dificultan su tratamiento. Desde hace algunos años, muchos autores han debatido sobre una sintomatología traumática que sería la responsable del dolor crónico (síntoma reactivo del TEPT) (Bioy & Fouques, 2002; Ferragut, 2007, 2010) o que el dolor crónico puede inducir trauma (Burloux, 2004). Esta controversia nos ha llevado a contemplar el empleo de EMDR para el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Esta investigación pretende comprobar la efectividad [de EMDR] del tratamiento del dolor crónico. Hemos elaborado un protocolo nuevo que se centra en las especificidades del dolor crónico problemático. Este protocolo se centra en el dolor y la sensación física. No pasa desapercibida la inspiración del protocolo de Mark Grant (Grant, 2009), R-‐Tep e investigación en Google (Shapiro & Laub, 2009). Se puede abordar el dolor crónico del mismo modo que el trauma elaborado, dado que es constante. Por lo tanto, al igual que un evento reciente, podemos identificar el momento más difícil. Por eso proponemos un protocolo que se basa en centrarnos en el síntoma: el dolor. Diez pacientes fueron tratados con este nuevo protocolo de EMDR, específico para el dolor crónico. Tras cada sesión y al finalizar el tratamiento, se evaluaron los efectos de este protocolo sobre el dolor crónico y la sintomatología traumática; los resultados han mostrado una mejoría significativa. El objetivo es doble: por un lado, lograr una mejora significativa y reducir el dolor crónico, así como los síntomas asociados (la depresión, ansiedad...), y por el otro lado, usar este protocolo como estrategia preventiva y poner fin a la cronificación del dolor desde un principio.

Keywords: Chronic Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

227. Khalfa, S. (2012, June). Effects of EMDR on cognition, psychophysiology and cerebral mechanisms in PTSD [Efectos del EMDR en cognición, psicofisiología y mecanismos cerebrales en TEPT]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Despite the emergence of many theories on biological EMDR mechanisms, research is still needed to understand the healing processes of EMDR. We conducted four experiments to explore the effects of EMDR on PTSD with 17 to 22 patients suffering from one unique trauma. The first experiment evidenced attentional bias in PTSD towards negative words that disappeared after successful EMDR Therapy. The second experiment has shown a less efficient control of emotion in PTSD as compared to healthy controls. This altered emotional suppressing measured through psychophysiological responses was restored after symptoms disappearance following EMDR. The third experiment also using psychophysiological measures confirmed the increased fear sensitization and delayed fear extinction in PTSD and again the restoration of a normal fear conditioning and extinction processes after EMDR. The last experiment explored the negative emotional cerebral mechanisms using functional magnetic resonance imagery in PTSD. Activities in prefrontal structures were modified in PTSD as compared to healthy controls. After the EMDR treatment accompanied by symptoms removal, the prefrontal responses were not different between PTSD patients and their controls. Theoretical issues of these results will be discussed in order to integrate cognitive, psychophysiological and cerebral mechanisms observations.

A pesar del emerger de muchas teorías sobre los mecanismos biológicos del EMDR, la investigación aún necesita entender el proceso de curación que se produce en EMDR. Hemos realizado 4 experimentos para explorar los efectos del EMDR en TEPT de 17 a 22 pacientes que sufrieron un único trauma. El primer experimento evidencia un sesgo atencional del TEPT ante las palabras negativas que desaparecen después de una terapia exitosa de EMDR. El Segundo experimento mostró una baja eficiencia del control de las emociones en los TEPT comparados con el control de individuos sanos. Esta alterada supresión emocional medida a través de respuestas psicofisiológicas fue restaurada después de una desaparición de los síntomas realizando EMDR. El tercer experimento también confirma mediante medidas psicofisiológicas el aumento de la sensación de miedo y un retraso en la extinción del mismo en el TEPT. De nuevo tras administrar una terapia EMDR se produjo una restauración a una condición normal de miedo y un proceso de extinción. El último experimento explica los mecanismos negativos emocionales cerebrales usando resonancia funcional magnética en TEPT. La actividad en las estructuras prefrontales fue modificada en el TEPT comparado con el control. Después del tratamiento de EMDR acompañado de una remisión de los síntomas, las respuestas prefrontales no fueron diferentes entre los pacientes con TEPT y los controles. Cuestiones teoréticas sobre estos resultados serán discutidas con el fin de integrar cognitivamente, psicofisiológicamente y observar los mecanismos cerebrales del EMDR.

Keywords: Cognition, Psychophysiology and Cerebral Mechanisms Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

228. Hampel, J. C. (1997, November). The effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on self-reported test anxiety in college students. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI. AAT 9732881.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Test anxiety is a common problem among students in western culture due to the importance of academic achievement and the consequences for failure. Many consider test anxiety to be primarily an issue of poor study habits and test readiness. However, some students who appear to possess excellent study habits also appear to experience severe anxiety during tests. A recent meta-analysis of test anxiety research substantiated these claims, finding that test anxiety appeared to be an emotionally-based as opposed to a cognitively-based problem. Despite these findings, the etiologies for test anxiety remain unknown. Similar to nearly all DSM-IV diagnostic categories, test anxiety is a syndrome with no known pathognomonic sign(s) which singularly diagnose the condition. Hence, treatments for test anxiety, as for nearly all other DSM-IV mental disorders are symptomatic as opposed to strategic. Unfortunately, there are few symptomatic treatments for test anxiety that are both efficient and effective.Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), which was developed for the symptomatic treatment of PTSD, was chosen to treat the symptoms of test anxiety for the following essential reasons: (a) the reported efficacy of EMDR with PTSD; (b) the similarities between test anxiety and PTSD that include intrusive thoughts, inability to concentrate, behavioral avoidance, and emotional symptomatology; and (c) the need for a brief, effective symptomatic treatment for test anxiety. Using a waiting control group against which to compare the treatment group and subsequently replicate treatment effects, the results found that EMDR was highly effective for the symptomatic reduction of self-reported test anxiety as measured by all test anxiety scales. Moreover, these results also suggest that measures of study habits and attitudes are also sensitive to enhancement as a result of treatment with EMD/R. Although the current results did not suggest specific mechanism(s) by which EMDR was effective, the pattern of highly effective results across widely different types of test anxiety presentations suggests the actions of an active placebo treatment. It is suggested that future research contrast EMD/R with known active placebo protocols. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(5-B), Nov 1997, pp. 2676.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders College Students Empirical Study Life Experiences Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

229. Konuk, E., Knipe, J., Eke, I., Yuksek, H., Yurtsever, A., & Ostep, S. (2006, August). The effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of the 1999 Maramara, Turkey, earthquake. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(3), 291-308. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.13.3.291.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As part of a program of response to the 1999 Marmara, Turkey, earthquake, an estimated 1,500 trauma victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were treated in tent cities with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). A field study evaluating a representative group of 41 participants with diagnosed PTSD indicated that a mean of five 90-minute sessions was sufficient to eliminate symptoms in 92.7% of those treated, with reduction in symptoms in the remaining participants. Significant reductions occurred between the pre and posttreatment PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report version (PSS-SR) total scores and all subscales. These gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The same pattern of recovery was observed regardless of the use or nonuse of psychotropic medication at the time of intake.

Keywords: Developing Countries Disaster Response Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Follow-up Study Field Study Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Recent Events Survivors Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

230. Nijdam, M., Olff, M., & Gersons, B. (2005, November). Effects of psychotherapy on neuropsychological performance in PTSD. Poster presented at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, ON.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Deficits in concentration and memory are some of the most persistent symptoms of PTSD. Although many studies have investigated neuropsychological deficits in different trauma populations with and without PTSD, no study to our knowledge has looked carefully at improvement of neuropsychological functioning after psychotherapy. In the present study, we randomly assigned individuals to either Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy (n=60) or Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy (BEP; n=60). Attention and memory were investigated before and after treatment using the following neuropsychological tests: Trail Making Test, STROOP task, Verbal Learning and Memory Test and Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. Different versions of the memory tests were administrated at pre- and postassessment in order to control for learning effects. Preliminary results of treatment completers are presented, and the clinical relevance of the findings is discussed.

Keywords: Neurobiological Performance Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

231. Taylor, J. E., & Harvey, S. T. (2009, September-October). Effects of psychotherapy with people who have been sexually assaulted: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(5), 273–285. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.03.006 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper presents the results of a meta-analysis of the treatment outcome studies of different types of psychotherapeutic approaches for sexual assault victims experiencing PTSD or rape trauma symptoms. There were 15 outcome studies identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis dating from 1988–2005, and these studies comprised 25 treatment conditions. Separate meta-analyses were conducted according to study design (independent samples and repeated measures), in keeping with meta-analytic conventions. The overall results for the two meta-analyses were highly consistent, and effect sizes were in the large range for independent samples (g=.91) and repeated measures treatments (g=.90). Effects were maintained at follow-up from 6–12 months after treatment. Studies represented diverse treatment approaches, and most treatments were effective in improving outcome according to symptom reduction. A number of moderating variables were examined. Better outcomes were achieved with individual therapy compared to group approaches. The use of semi-structured approaches and homework techniques were positively related to the magnitude of effect size. [Science Direct]

Keywords: Meta-analysis Outcome Rape Sexual assault Therapy Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

232. Hensel, T. (2005, September). Effektivität von EMDR bei psychisch traumatisierten kindern und jugendlichen [Effectiveness of EMDR with psychologically traumatized children and adolescents]. Jahrestagung der deutschsprachigen gesellschaft für psychotraumatologie DeGPT, Dresden .

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract: EMDR ist als ein effektives und ökonomisches Verfahren zur Behandlung von chronischer PTBS bei Erwachsenen anerkannt. Dieses Poster verdeutlicht die Effektivität von EMDR bei psychisch traumatisierten Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die kontrollierten Studien sind inhaltlich und in ihrer methodologischen Güte beschrieben und ausgewertet worden. Es sind sowohl singulär traumatisierte Kinder und Jugendliche nach einer Naturkatastrophe bzw. einer Explosion, wie auch sequentiell traumatisierte Kinder und Jugendliche mit sexuellem Missbrauch und Gewalterfahrungen behandelt worden. Alle Studien weisen EMDR als hoch effektiv aus. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für die Reduktion der PTB wie auch der komorbiden Symptome (Depression, Angst). Bemerkenswert ist, dass in den beiden Behandlungsvergleichen mit bewährten kognitiv-behavioralen Verfahren EMDR bei gleicher Effektivität signifikant effizienter war. Dies repliziert Ergebnisse aus dem Erwachsenenbereich (van Etten & Taylor, 1998). Obwohl die geringe Anzahl an Studien die Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse einschränkt, scheint EMDR über alle untersuchten Alterstufen hinweg ein einheitliches Wirkprofil vorzuweisen.[Author abstract]

EMDR is recognized as an effective and economical method for the treatment of chronic PTSD in adults. This poster illustrates the effectiveness of EMDR with psychologically traumatized children and adolescents. Controlled studies are described and evaluated in terms of content and its methodological quality and has been. They are both singular traumatized children and adolescents after a natural disaster or an explosion, as well as sequentially traumatized children and adolescents treated with sexual abuse and violence. All the studies point out EMDR to be highly effective. This applies equally to the reduction of the PTB as well as the comorbid symptoms (depression), anxiety. It is noteworthy that cognitively in the two treatment comparisons with best-behavioral procedures with the same effectiveness of EMDR was significantly more efficient. This replicates results from the adult participants (Van Etten & Taylor, 1998). Although the small number of studies limits the generalizability of the results, it seems EMDR track record across all age groups studied a single-action profile. [Author abstract].

Keywords: Adolescents Children Poster Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

233. Fleming, J. (2013). Efficacité de l’EMDR dans le traitement d’enfants et d’adolescents traumatisés [Effectiveness of EMDR in the treatment of traumatized children and adolescents]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 16–26. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.E12.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
On trouvera ici un résumé de tous les articles qui ont étudié le traitement par l’EMDR d’enfants et d’adolescents traumatisés. L’efficacité du traitement est établie par plus de quinze études. Le présent article examine les effets de l’EMDR sur le stress traumatique d’enfants et d’adolescents après des traumas de type I et II. Si un nombre considérable d’études évaluent le traitement des traumas de type I par l’EMDR, apportant des preuves solides de son efficacité, rares sont celles qui ont investigué spécifiquement le traitement EMDR des traumas de type II. L’auteur examine aussi l’effet de l’EMDR sur divers symptômes et difficultés. Elle donne enfin des recommandations pour l’application clinique de l’EMDR, et pour des recherches futures.

This paper provides a summary of all items that have studied the EMDR treatment of children and adolescents traumatized. The effectiveness of treatment is determined by more than fifteen studies. this article examines the effects of EMDR on traumatic stress in children and adolescents after trauma Type I and II. If a considerable number of studies evaluating the treatment of type I trauma EMDR, providing strong evidence of its effectiveness, few have specifically investigated EMDR trauma treatment of type II. The author also examines the effect of EMDR on various symptoms and difficulties. She finally gives recommendations for the clinical application of EMDR and for future research.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Treatment Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

234. Lee, C. (2006, May). Efficacy and mechanisms of action of EMDR as a treatment for PTSD. Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The first aim of this thesis was to describe the characteristics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to elucidate its place as a symptom disorder that sometimes develops when people are exposed to a traumatic event. The current major theoretical approaches to account for why some people who are exposed to trauma develop PTSD and the mechanisms by which this occurs were described. Three classes of theories were reviewed: conditioning/learning approach; information processing theories with a particular focus on the meaning of the trauma event; and biological models with an emphasis on recent neurocircuitry and neurochemistry models. Successful treatment approaches were then reviewed which indicated two major contenders for the most efficacious treatment for PTSD: traditional cognitive behaviour therapies (CBT) using either stress inoculation or prolonged exposure; and eye movement desensitisation and processing (EMDR). Prior to the first study (Lee, Gavriel, Drummond, Richards, and Greenwald, 2002), a review of the literature indicated equivalent effects for EMDR and CBT. There had been very few direct comparison studies and each had serious methodological flaws, particularly with respect to random assignment and treatment fidelity. Therefore, the first study ensured adequate attention to these areas and involved a direct comparison between the two procedures using a sample of 24 participants diagnosed with PTSD. EMDR and stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure were found to lead to similar symptom improvement at the end of treatment, apart from a slight advantage for EMDR on intrusion symptoms. Both treatments led to significantly greater symptom reduction than a wait list control condition. At follow-up, EMDR led to greater gains on both self-report and observer rated measures of PTSD and self-report measures of depression. Overall, the findings were similar to those described in previously published studies, with a suggestion that EMDR was slightly more efficient than the standard CBT approach. Given that the evidence suggested that EMDR was a more efficient treatment, it became critical to understand the underlying processes. A process study was undertaken that examined the responses of people with PTSD receiving EMDR treatment (Lee, Taylor, and Drummond, 2006). Guided by process studies of other treatments and theories that might account for why EMDR is effective, participants' responses were examined to see which models better accounted for symptom improvement. The main analysis tested whether or not the responses were consistent with processes that occurred during traditional CBT treatment, which prior research had identified as reliving, or whether they were more consistent with Shapiro's proposal that enhanced information processing occurs because there is a dual focus of attention (that is, the person simultaneously focuses on an external stimulus and on the traumatic memory) (Shapiro, 1995). The responses made by 44 participants were coded by an independent rater according to whether they were primarily reliving, distancing, affect or material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement occurred when the participant processed in a more detached or distant manner, whereas reliving responses were not associated with improvement. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggested that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that co-varied with improvement. The findings underscored a difference in the processes that underlie EMDR and traditional CBT. The major question left unanswered from this second study was what causes this distancing process? Competing views were that it was facilitated by eye movement; alternatively, the therapist's instructions to participants might have precipitated this distancing phenomenon. The third study tested these ideas by randomly assigning 48 participants to either an eye movement or a no eye movement condition under two types of therapist instructions (reliving or distancing). Participants recalled personal distressing memories, and measures of distress and vividness were taken after treatment and at follow up. Only the eye movements made a significant difference to people's level of distress. This conclusion appeared at odds with some of the previous literature that had tested the effects of eye movement on levels of distress. A meta-analysis of some of this research had suggested that there was no significant advantage of including eye movement in EMDR treatment unless the person had been diagnosed with PTSD. However, a close examination of this meta-analysis indicated some major methodological flaws in the computation; therefore, this was recalculated. The conclusion from this fourth study was consistent with study three in that EMDR with eye movement was found to lead to significantly greater improvement that EMDR without eye movement. The results of these four studies were then discussed in terms of their implications for the theoretical models presented in Chapter 1. Aspects of learning theory that might account for EMDR efficiency were discussed as well as the failure of this model to account for treatment gains following EMDR. Information processing models were seen to better account for some of the phenomena observed in EMDR and for the findings from the four studies. Some suggestions of how eye movements might facilitate improved information processing were presented. Finally, the relative merits of EMDR and CBT treatments were discussed and suggestions made for when to combine approaches. The conclusions highlight the point that EMDR appears to be the most promising treatment for PTSD.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

235. Taylor, S. (2004). Efficacy and outcome predictors for three PTSD treatments: exposure therapy, EMDR, and relaxation training. In S. Taylor (Ed.), Advances in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Cognitive-behavioral perspectives (1st ed.) (pp. 13-37). NewYork: Springer Publishing.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
In a study that directly compared exposure therapy, EMDR, and relaxation training in patients with PTSD, we simply provided patients with a verbal description of PTSD and its treatment, then assessed the patient's treatment goals, and discussed how the treatment was relevant to the goals. For patients who do not drop out of treatment, our findings suggest that the most consistent predictor of good outcome is whether or not the patient receives exposure therapy, and that the severity of reexperiencing symptoms is an important predictor of treatment outcome, largely because relaxation training has a poorer outcome when these symptoms are severe. The efficacy of exposure and EMDR does not appear to be affected by the severity of reexperiencing. These findings provide further support for the efficacy of exposure and, to a limited extent, support the use of EMDR. Our findings, however, suggest that exposure is a first-line psychosocial treatment for PTSD. [Adapted from Text, pp. 16, 34] [Pilots]

Keywords: Adults Exposure Therapy Manual-Based Treatments Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Relaxation Therapy Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

236. de Bont, P. (2011, August-September). Efficacy and safety of prolonged exposure or EMDR-treatment for PTSD with patients with a vulnerability for psychosis. A multiple baserate N=10 single case design. In Treating PTSD in patients with psychotic disorders. Symposium conducted at the 41st EABCT annual congress, Reykjavík, Iceland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objectives: Untill now, only a small number of studies have investigated the safety and effects of psychological treatment for PTSD in psychotic patients. The main aim of this study was to explore the effects of two psychological, highly manualized, guideline PTSD treatments: EMDR and prolonged exposure. Another important aim was to determine if negative side effects would occur as a result of therapy. Among clinicians fear exists of harming vulnerable patients with confronting therapeutic procedures, thus risking psychotic exacerbation, suicidal behaviour or other adverse events. Methods: In a N=10 single case study design the effects of psychological PTSD treatment were studied in psychiatric patients who suffer from psychoses. Participants were randomly assigned to either EMDR or Prolonged Exposure. Weekly measurements of PTSD and psychotic symptoms prior to, during and after treatment, gave a strong impression of how symptoms respond to treatment. The treatment in both conditions consisted of 12 sessions of 90 minutes. Adverse events were monitored weekly. Before, directly after and 3 months after treatment all subjects were tested more extensively for the variables PTSD and psychosis, and for three secondary outcome measures cognitive style, social functioning and quality of life. Results: The results show that PTSD-treatment can be quite effective for both PTSD and even some of the psychotic symptoms. PTSD symptoms dropped considerably, in a number of cases below the point of still having a PTSD. In some cases treatment helped diminish the occurence of harming voices. Not one patient became psychotic as a result of therapy, not even patients that went through the guided reliving of traumatic psychotic events during Prolonged Exposure. No suicide attempts occured. Occasional minor adverse events with medication occurred, but results taken as a whole the treatments were obviously safe. Conclusion: This study shows that PTSD-treatment in psychotic patients is a serious option, next to medical treatment. It can be done safely, effectively and in a manualized fashion. No information can be derived from this study as to which of the two, Prolonged Exposure or EMDR, can be best applied in specific situations. Both seem to be equal in the limited number of cases.

Keywords: PE Prolonged Exposure Psychotic Disorders Single Case Design Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

237. Swiney, U. M. (2004). The efficacy of EMDR for survivors of a natural disaster: Intervention after Hurricane Floyd. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. AAT 3129821.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered effective for civilian PTSD, but no controlled evaluation of EMDR, or any other treatment for PTSD, has been conducted with adults in a natural disaster context. Following Hurricane Floyd, 8 individuals from disaster-torn North Carolina communities were randomly assigned to 6 sessions of EMDR or a 1-month waiting list followed by treatment. All of the predominantly Caucasian, female participants met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and half reported moderate to severe levels of depression. Participants completed standardized self-report measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety before and after the waiting period, or before, during (Session 4), and after the 6-week intervention. The principal investigator (PI) and blind assistants conducted a PTSD symptom interview before and after treatment and waiting period. Weekly progress was monitored with additional PTSD and depression self-report measures. The PI, a Level II-trained EMDR therapist, provided treatment. Treatment integrity, assessed by undergraduate assistants following an established checklist, was good.Compared to the untreated control condition, EMDR produced significantly larger decreases in self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms, and tended to promote greater improvement in observer-rated PTSD. However, random effects regression analyses of the secondary PTSD measure failed to detect a significant difference between the two groups. In contrast, random regression analyses confirmed a significant decrease in depression during treatment compared to the control condition. Controlled effect sizes for PTSD symptoms were large and compared favorably to research with other trauma populations. Nevertheless, despite sizeable reductions in symptoms, many clients continued to report elevated levels of PTSD even after treatment. In addition, despite random assignment, the average age of the two groups differed, and age was non-significantly but negatively associated with change in PTSD symptoms. This association, and the small size of this sample, limit the interpretation and generalizability of these findings. Thus, while results tentatively support extending EMDR to disaster survivors with depression and PTSD, this work is best considered as preliminary data. Research with a larger sample remains necessary to better evaluate both the impact of treatment and the potentially more complex treatment needs of this population. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(4-B), 2004, pp. 2116.

Keywords: Adults Americans Depressive Disorders Females Hurricane Floyd Hurricanes Posttraumatic Stress Disorders PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Recent Events Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

238. Rodenburg, R., Benjamin, A., de Roos, C., Meijer, A. M., & Stams, G. J. (2009, November). Efficacy of EMDR in children: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(7), 599-606. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.008.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in children with posttraumatic stress symptoms was meta-analytically examined from the perspective of incremental efficacy. Overall post-treatment effect size for EMDR was medium and significant (d = .56). Results indicate efficacy of EMDR when effect sizes are based on comparisons between EMDR and non-established trauma treatment or no-treatment control groups, and incremental efficacy when effect sizes are based on comparisons between EMDR and established (CBT) trauma treatment. The discussion focuses on future replication of EMDR findings and further research on posttraumatic stress in children.

Keywords: Children Incremental Efficacy Meta-Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

239. Jeffres, M. J. (2003). The efficacy of EMDR with traumatized children. Fielding Graduate Institute, Santa Barbara, CA. AAT 3100543.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of up to five 60-minute sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for children (ages 8-12) who had suffered one or more traumas. Participants (N = 48) were randomly assigned to either an EMDR experimental group or a waiting list control. They were provided treatment by one of five therapists, all of whom were experienced, independent clinicians having received Level 2 training in the EMDR technique. The therapists followed Shapiro's protocol for children and were in 90% compliance with the protocol. The participants were carefully screened according to Shapiro criteria. This study was unique in that it included an integrated outcome measure (UCLA PTSD Index), consisting of an assessment of PTSD criteria and a rating of symptoms, reported by both parent and child. Analysis of pre-post changes consisted of two 2 x 3 ANCOVAs, one each for the child and adult report. The analysis of covariance revealed a main effect for the covariate (the pretest total PTSD Score), a main effect for group, and a significant group x time interaction effect, for both the child and adult report. Post hoc (Scheffe) analysis revealed that participants maintained the benefits of treatment at 1-month follow-up. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 64(8-B), 2004, pp. 4042.

Keywords: Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Eye Movements Quantitative Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

240. Wilson, S. A. (1995). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals. Union Institute and University, Cincinnati, OH. AAT 9524675.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The effects of three, 1.5-hour Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment sessions on traumatic memories and psychological symptoms of 80 subjects were studied. The treatment sessions were administered within a two week period. 40 and 40 men ranging in age from 21-67 were interviewed and selected from a pool of 117. Subjects reported continuous difficulty and suffering (mean 13 years) in some area of their life since the occurrence of the traumatic event. Approximately 1/3 of subjects had no prior therapy experience. Subjects were randomly assigned to either EMDR treatment or delayed EMDR treatment condition, and to one of five EMDR trained therapists. Treatment therapists (licensed psychologists and counselors) consisted of 2 women and 2 men, each working with 5 men and 5 women in each group (gender study issues). The therapists had been trained in EMDR by Francine Shapiro. Each had various levels of EMDR experience and training, ranging from facilitator training with two to three years EMDR clinical experience, to Level I and minimal EMDR clinical experience. Treatment fidelity was consistent throughout the study. Subjects receiving EMDR showed decreases in anxiety and presenting complaints, and increases in positive self-evaluations. The six standardized tests and subjective reports were administered by an objective independent assessor (licensed psychologist) pre and post treatment, and at a 90-day follow-up. Subjects in the delayed EMDR treatment group showed no improvement on any of these measures during the 30 days before treatment. After treatment, the delayed EMDR treatment group showed decreases in anxiety and presenting complaints and increases in positive self-evaluations. All ANOVA interactions for both groups were significant at p < .001. These effects were maintained or improved at the 90-day follow-up. The main effect sizes in the present study range from 0.50 to 2.3, with an overall average of 0.93. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(4-B), Oct 1995, pp. 2347

Keywords: Adults Empirical Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

241. Jensen, J. A. (1992). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a treatment for PTSD symptoms of Vietnam combat veterans. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. AAT 9221917.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMD/R) was compared with that of a control (no treatment) condition in the treatment of Vietnam combat veterans with postraumatic stress disorder. 27 volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to the EMD/R and control conditions, with 13 EMD/R and 12 control subjects completing the entire study. Two therapists trained in EMD/R, and three trained interviewer/testers contributed in running the study.Prior to random assignment, subjects indicated one PTSD-related goal for the study. They were also assessed on a measure of present PTSD symptoms, a measure of subjective anxiety, and a measure of belief in a positive cognition related to war trauma. They were then randomly assigned to conditions, with EMD/R subjects receiving three treatment sessions within a week. Approximately 17 days after the initial assessment, each subject was retested on the measures of PTSD symptoms, subjective anxiety, and of the desired positive cognition. At this time, goal attainment was also assessed, and another general PTSD instrument was given. Statistical analysis of both test-retest and posttest only measures indicated a general lack of effectiveness of EMD/R with the subjects in this study. While EMD/R was effective and statistically superior to the control condition in reducing in-session subjective anxiety, neither condition was effective in improving scores on the two PTSD symptom measures, in contributing to goal attainment, or in increasing subjects' beliefs in their stated desired positive cognition regarding war trauma. This study's lackluster results are in sharp contrast to the considerable success reported in Shapiro'soriginal EMD/R study incorporating few combat veterans. With certain procedural diversions acknowledged, this study's findings provide little support for widespread use of EMD/R as an intervention for Vietnam combat veterans' PTSD symptoms. Implications are that combat veterans with PTSD may comprise a population with distinctly chronic and disturbing symptomotology, and that the brief and novel EMD/R procedure may not be successful with such a population. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Males Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

242. Daroff, L. H. (1996). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories: A replication study. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. AAT 9632020.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this replication study was either to support or refute the original Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing research conducted by Shapiro. The present study was amended with two additional indices to assess anxiety and social functioning.14 subjects suffering long standing (one or more years) traumatic memory symptomatology, concerning rape, physical abuse, incest, and childhood sexual molestation, were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions. Traumatic memories were pivotal to presenting symptoms, which included panic attacks, self-blaming/guilt, intrusive thoughts, anxiety, nightmares, insomnia and avoidant thinking/behavior. All subjects were diagnosed with PTSD, by an independent licensed clinical psychologist. There were 13 females and 1 male. The male subject was in the Control Group. Age range was from 25 to 49 years with a Mean age of 38.64 years. Range for age of traumatic event was five to 19 years of age, with a Mean age of 10.14 years. Range for duration of the subjects' symptoms since traumatic event was 18 to 44 years with a Mean age of 28.5 years. Dependent variables were (1) anxiety level, (2) validity of a positive self-statement/assessment of the traumatic incident, (3) primary presenting symptom and (4) social adjustment. Measures utilized were the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS), the Validity of Cognition (VoC) self evaluation, primary presenting symptom self report, the Impact of Event Scale (IES), and the Social Adjustment-Self Report (SAS-SR). Initial measures demonstrated that all subjects were essentially the same prior to any treatment. Measures were obtained at the initial session and at 1- and 3-month follow-up sessions. Where applicable the analyses conducted paralleled those used in the original research. The results of the study indicated that a single session of EMDR successfully desensitized the subjects' traumatic memory, significantly mediated their cognitive assessment of the situation, as well as their social adjustment. Treatment effects were maintained over the period of the study for all subjects. These findings support the original conclusions in Shapiro's seminal study of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing procedure. The exact neurological mechanisms involved in the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing procedure remain unknown. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Anxiety Child Abuse Empirical Study Experimental Replication Incest Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Self-Evaluation Social Adjustment Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

243. Renfrey, G. (1993). The efficacy of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of trauma related imagery and cognitions: A partial dismantling procedure. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI. AAT 9412220.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study investigated the effects of eye movement desensitization (EMD) on post-traumatic sequelae, and attempted a partial dismantling of the procedure to determine the necessity of EMD's characteristic eye movements. 23 persons participated in three groups: (1) those receiving standard EMD, (2) those receiving a variant of EMD in which eye movements were engendered through a light tracking task, and (3) those receiving a variant of EMD in which fixed visual attention replaced eye movements. All participants had experienced traumata as defined by the DSM-III-R and were having intrusive symptoms of PTSD at pre-treatment. All but two met full DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD. Each received two to six treatment sessions.Dependent variables included heart rate changes, subjective units of distress ratings, validity of both initial and targeted trauma-related cognitions during trauma-related imagery, overall frequency and intensity scores on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, anxiety and depression T-scores on the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and scores on the Impact of Events Scale. Assessments were conducted at pre- and post-treatment and at a one- to three-month follow-up. All three interventions produced significant, positive changes in all dependant measures between pre- and post-treatments. Further, these changes were maintained at follow-up. No significant differences between groups were observed. These changes were of comparable magnitude to those reported elsewhere, but were brought about through a greater number of treatment sessions. It was concluded that EMD does bring about fairly rapid therapeutic changes in those post-traumatic sequelae measured, though not as efficiently as most previous reports have suggested. Further, it was concluded that the eye movements peculiar to EMD are not a necessary component of the procedure. The similarities and differences between the present findings and previous reports are discussed, as are the limitations and implications of the present study. Recommendations for future work are made. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Trial Partial Dismantling Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

244. Shapiro, F. (1989, April). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(2), 199-223. doi:10.1007/BF00974159.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the recently developed Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure on traumatic memory symptomatology. 22 subjects suffering from symptoms related to traumatic memories were used in the study. All had been victims of traumatic incidents concerning the Vietnam War, childhood sexual molestation, sexual or physical assault, or emotional abuse. Memories of the traumatic incident were pivotal to the presenting complaints which included intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, sleep disturbances, low self-esteem, and relationship problems. Dependent variables were (1) anxiety level, (2) validity of a positive self-statement/assessment of the traumatic incident, and (3) presenting complaints. These measures were obtained at the initial session and at 1- and 3-month follow-up sessions. The results of the study indicated that a single session of the EMD procedure successfully desensitized the subjects' traumatic memories and dramatically altered their cognitive assessments of the situation, effects that were maintained through the 3-month follow-up check. This therapeutic benefit was accompanied by behavioral shifts which included the alleviation of the subjects' primary presenting complaints. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Anxiety Combat Incest Memories Molestation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Survivors Trauma Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

245. Penarreta, L. (2011, Mayo). Eficiencia del EMDR en la psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica para disminución de los síntomas emocionales adversos, y mejoramiento del proceso de recuperación en niños de 5 a 12 anos del servicio de cirugía del hospital de niños Baca Ortiz de Quito-Ecuador [Efficiency of EMDR in the psycho surgical reduction of adverse emotional symptoms, and improvement of the recovery process for children 5 to 12 years of service children's hospital surgery Baca Ortiz in Quito, Ecuador]. Universidad Central Del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Psicologicas, Instituto Superior de Postgrado, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Las ideas que las personas tienen de una cirugía están impregnadas de fantasías con una excesiva carga de ansiedad que impiden un adecuado control emocional y proceso de recuperación. Una intervención quirúrgica implica un desequilibrio biológico y psicológico que requiere que la persona vuelva a lograr su estabilidad. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo verificar que el método del EMDR (Desensibilización y reprocesamiento a través de movimientos oculares) es eficiente en la psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica logrando reducir estas ansiedades y temores en los niños de 5 a12 años del Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital de Niños Baca Ortiz que tendrán que enfrentar un acto quirúrgico. A través de la identificación de los recursos necesarios para hacer frente a cada una de estas situaciones, con el EMDR se procede a instalarlos usando estimulación bilateral y acoplándolos con la correspondiente creencia positiva permitiendo que el infante consiga una exitosa evolución pre y post-quirúrgica. Se trata de una investigación correlacional cuasi-experimental en la que se seleccionó una muestra infantil con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, que son infantes de 5 a 12 años que requieren ser operados, y que cumplan los criterios para el tratamiento con EMDR; donde se demuestra que el 100% de los niños estudiados presentan un alto nivel de ansiedad antes de la cirugía y que luego de aplicarse este método psicoterapéutico esta sintomatología disminuye llegando a niveles bajos, observándose una evolución favorable en su recuperación. Se considera por lo tanto que el EMDR es un método eficiente en la psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica infantil.

ABSTRACT. The ideas that people have about a surgery are impregnated with fantasies and an excessive burden of anxiety that impede an adequate emotional control and recovery process. Surgery involves biological and psychological imbalance that requires a person to be able to achieve stability again. The present work aims to verify that the method of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is efficient in reducing these pre surgical anxieties and fears in children patients from 5 to12 years old at Children's Hospital Baca Ortiz who will face a surgical procedure. Through the identification of resources needed to address each of these situations, EMDR is appropriate to install them using bilateral stimulation and coupling them with the corresponding positive belief allowing the child to get a successful development of pre-and post-surgical procedure. This is a quasi-experimental correlational research in which a sample was selected according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, infants that are 5 to 12 years who require surgery, and who meet the criteria for treatment with EMDR; which shows that 100% of the children studied, had a high level of anxiety before surgery and then applying this psychotherapeutic method these symptoms decreased to low levels, showing a favorable trend in his recovery. It is considered therefore that the EMDR is an effective method in child surgery preparation.

Keywords: Adverse Emotions, Hospital Baca Ortiz Surgery Preparation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

246. Fátima Panangeiro, M. F., Torres, A. F. S., Fernandez, R. M., & Trajano, S. R. (2012, Novembro). Eicácia do EMDR na prevenção e cura do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em vítimas de terremoto [Efficacy of EMDR in the prevention and treatment of PTSD with victims of an earthquake]. In comunicações de pesquisa. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introdução: Sabemos que quando uma pessoa vivencia um incidente crítico, essa exposição tem impacto considerável sobre seu funcionamento global. Assim, para assegurar a recuperação dos militares brasileiros que estavam no Haiti, escolhemos a técnica EMDR criada pela Dra.Francine Shapiro, que encontra respaldo teórico em descobertas recentes no campo neuropsicológico para realizar as intervenções. Justificativa: O EMDR é uma técnica eficaz, que permite que o trauma armazenado na memória de curto prazo passe para a memória de longo prazo, uma vez que com os estímulos criam-se novas conexões neurais que trazem alívio, paz e aceitação. Atualmente existem mais de 20 estudos randomizados que apoiam sua eficácia. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da técnica EMDR na recuperação de vítimas de terremoto no Haiti, que apresentavam Transtorno Estresse Pós-Traumático e/ou Transtorno Estresse Agudo. Método: O estudo foi realizado com 14 militares sobreviventes do terremoto ocorrido no Haiti em janeiro de 2010, divididos em dois grupos: A (soterrados) e B (não soterrados). Foram utilizados para avaliação: entrevista inicial entrevista inicial e final, os testes IES- Escala de Impacto de Eventos e ISSL - Inventário de Sintomas de estresse de Lipp (antes e após a intervenção), EMDR, e reencontro (follow-up) seis meses após o último atendimento. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados obtidos no IES, os sujeitos que tinham o nível de estresse entre grave, moderado e leve, passaram após a intervenção para o nível leve e recomendado. Em relação aos sintomas físicos e emocionais (flashbacks, insônia, pesadelos, agressividade, instabilidade de humor e aumento no consumo de álcool), os sujeitos não apresentavam mais a queixa ao término das intervenções. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados apresentados podemos afirmar que o EMDR é uma técnica eficaz para resolução do transtorno estresse pós-traumático, assim como na sua prevenção, em vítimas de terremoto.

Introduction: We know that when a person experiences a critical incident, such exposure has considerable impact on their overall functioning. Thus, to ensure the recovery of the Brazilian military who were in Haiti, we choose the EMDR technique created by Dra.Francine Shapiro, who finds theoretical support in recent discoveries in the field to perform neuropsychological interventions. Rationale: The EMDR is an effective technique that allows the trauma stored in short-term memory to pass the long-term memory, since with the stimuli it creates new neural connections that bring relief, peace and acceptance. Currently there are more than 20 randomized trials that support its effectiveness. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of EMDR technique in the recovery of victims of the earthquake in Haiti, which had Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and / or Acute Stress Disorder. Method: The study was conducted with 14 military survivors of the earthquake in Haiti in January 2010, divided into two groups: A (buried) and B (not buried). All patients were evaluated: initial initial interview and final interview, tests IES-Impact of Events Scale and ISSL - Symptom Inventory stress Lipp (before and after the intervention), EMDR, and reunion (follow-up) six months after the last treatment. Results: According to the results of the IES, the subjects who had the stress level between severe, moderate and mild, passed after the intervention to the level recommended lightweight. Regarding the physical and emotional symptoms (flashbacks, insomnia, nightmares, aggression, mood instability and increased consumption of alcohol), subjects no longer had the complaint at the end of the interventions. Conclusions: Based on the presented results we can state that EMDR is an effective technique for resolution of post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as its prevention, earthquake victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Brazil Earthquake Haiti Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention PTSD Treatment Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

247. Grbesa, G., Stankovic, D., & Simonovic, M. (2008, June). Electrophysiological changes during EMDR treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Efficiency of the EMDR procedure is based on a presumption of neuropsychological changes in therapeutically process. The aim of the investigation is scanning and gives evidence of electroactivity changes, during the process and after finishing it. Method: We have recorded a continual polygraph EEG, before, in time and after EMDR therapy, in patient who had PTSD. Results: The EEG before treatment showed background activity low voltage 20-30 μV, 12-13 Hz frequency, bioccipital, without pathological activity. Patient had prominent vegetative symptoms (anxiety, heart rate 100/min). Background activity after treatment showed voltage about 50 μV, frequency dominant 12 Hz which showed reduction of anxiety, and reduction of vegetative disturbance.

Keywords: Electrophysiological Changes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

248. Grbesa, G., Simonovic, M., & Jankovic, D. (2010, April). Electrophysiological changes during EMDR treatment in patients with combat-related PTSD. Annals of General Psychiatry, 9(Supplement 1), S209. doi:10.1186/1744-859X-9-S1-S209.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
1st International Congress on Neurobiology and Clinical Psychopharmacology and European Psychiatric Association Conference on Treatment Guidance
Background Efficiency of the EMDR procedure is based on a presumption of neuropsychological changes in therapeutic process.The aim of the investigation is to scann and give evidence of electroactivity changes, during the process of EMDR procedure and after finishing it. Materials and methods We have recorded a continual polygraph EEG, before, during and after EMDR therapy, in patient with combat-related PTSD. Results Before the treatment, EEG recorded basic activity of low voltage (attenuation) of 20 μV, frequency of beta range (17-26 Hz), bioccipital, with no pathologic activity. Patient had prominent vegetative symptoms (anxiety, heart rate 100/min). Background activity immediately after the treatment records the amplitude values of around 50 μV, frequency of around 11-12 Hz. After the end of the treatment background activity possesses the amplitude value of about 37 μV, holding the persistence in frequency. Conclusions If the EMDR treatment is successful, sudden increase of amplityde activity is noted imensly. This sharp border line, which signifies normal activity, appears in 2-3 seconds affter the desensitize phase. The investigation suggest that from neurophysiological point of view, cortex (in EMDR procedure), works according to the principle "all or nothing". If there is processing of traumatic memory, the activity gets completly normal. If the therapy is not successful, there are numerous artefacts, because of increased muscle activity. This kind of activity, in our investigation is marked as "Artefact therapy". The results, indicate maintaining low level of amplitude values of electrocortical activities during the treatment, as well as increase after successful treatment. The increase of amlitude is corelated to decrease of anxiety after the successful treatment. Acknowledgements The results, indicate maintaining low level of amplitude values of electrocortical activities during the treatment, as well as increase after successful treatment. The increase of amlitude is corelated to decrease of anxiety after the successful treatment. References EEG Asymmetry and its Clinical Correlates in PTSD, Steven Silverstein, Stewart Shankman Lea Williams, Patrick Hopkinson, Richard Bryant

Keywords: Combat Electrophysiological Change Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

249. Tripolt, R. (2012, June). EMDR in Motion. Using movement and body oriented therapeutic interweaves for complex trauma and dissociative symptoms [EMDR en movimiento. Usar el movimiento y la terapia orientada al cuerpo para traumas complejos y síntomas disociativos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
"The Body Keeps the Score" (B. v.d. Kolk, 1996) Clients who suffer from traumatic stress are often afraid about disturbing and painful somatic symptoms. Structural dissociation alienates from body reactions. Nevertheless it is the body that "holds" the discomfort and painful memory of neglect and violence. Trauma Survivors tend to perceive their body as hostile. They suffer from Alexithymia deficiency of interpreting the meaning of body reactions and muscle activation. Trauma Survivors are easily irritated and tend to react with rage on very slight provocations and freeze when they are frustrated. Even minor problems cause fear and helplessness. The Polyvagal Theory (S. Porges 2010) proves the neurological aspect of behavioral patterns. Neurozeption describes how we perceive others in a neurological way. Certain behavioral patterns are established through life experiences. This research underlines Francine Shapiros AIP model and confirms the importance of a body orientated approach. We know that experiencing the effect of eye movement -‐ and other bilateral stimulation, is a gentle and powerful way to bring the voice of the body into the therapeutic space. EMDR helps to integrate cognitive, emotional and body sensations. Using movement and body orientated skills in difficult processes f.e. with severely and/or early traumatised clients, even enhances the effect of EMDR. Content of the Workshop: Short theoretical implications: Polyvagal Theory and AIP Model. Stabilisation and Movement -‐ creating a „Moving Container“: How to create a safe place of relationship and attachment between the client and the therapist by using movement and bodywork? The body is the most powerful resource: How to use movement to access this power. How to recognize and dissolve dissociation by body and movement awareness. EMDR Process and Movement : How to widen the „window of tolerance“ by using movement and deeper levels of body consciousness. Adding a fourth level of attention to the EMDR process: cognition -‐ emotion -‐ body scan -‐ movement. Movement and reflex feedback as interweave technique in difficult processes. Methods used in the Workshop: Lecture and Video Presentation. Practical demonstration of some movement orientated techniques. Discussion.

“El cuerpo lleva la cuenta” (B. v.d. Kolk, 1996), los clientes que sufren de estrés traumático tienen a menudo miedo sobre sus síntomas somáticos preocupantes y dolorosos. La disociación estructural aliena las reacciones del cuerpo, sin embargo es el cuerpo el que “mantiene” el disconfort y el recuerdo doloroso de negligencia y violencia. Los supervivientes a un trauma suelen tender a percibir su propio cuerpo como hostil. Sufren de Alexitimia, deficiencias para interpretar las señales corporales y la activación muscular. Son fácilmente irritables y tienden a reaccionar con ira, con leves provocaciones y se “congelan” cuando están frustrados. Incluso problemas de fuerza menor causan miedo y desesperanza. La teoría polivagal (S. Porges 2010) prueba el aspecto neurológico de los patrones de comportamiento. La neurocepción describe cómo percibimos a los otros desde un punto de vista neurológico. Ciertos patrones de comportamiento están establecidos a través de las experiencias vitales. Esta investigación se basa en el modelo SPIA de Francine Shapiro y confirma la importancia del enfoque orientado al cuerpo. Sabemos que al experimentar el efecto de la estimulación ocular, y otras estimulaciones bilaterales, es un camino poderoso y suave para traer la voz del cuerpo dentro del espacio terapéutico. EMDR facilita la integración cognitiva emocional y corporal. Usar el movimiento y las habilidades orientadas al cuerpo en los procesos difíciles con clientes traumatizados, severamente o tempranamente, incluso amplifica el efecto terapéutico del EMDR Contenido del taller: Implicaciones teóricas: Teoría Polivagal y modelo SPIA Estabilización y movimiento – Crear un “recipiente de movimiento” Cómo crear un lugar seguro en relación al apego entre el cliente y el terapeuta usando movimiento y trabajo corporal. El cuerpo es el recurso más poderoso: Cómo usar el movimiento para acceder a este poder. Cómo reconocer y disolver la disociación en el cuerpo y la atención al movimiento. Procesamiento EMDR y movimiento: Cómo ampliar la "ventana de tolerancia" mediante el uso de movimientos y niveles más profundos de la conciencia del cuerpo. Añadir un 4 nivel de atención al procesamiento de EMDR: Cognición-‐Emoción-‐ Escáner corporal-‐movimiento.

Keywords: Body Oriented Therapeutic Interweaves

Accuracy Verified: Yes

250. Oren, U. (2002, November). EMDR. פסיכואקטואליה(Psychoactualia).

Language: Hebrew

Format: Journal

Abstract:
היא שיטת טיפול אינטגרטיביתEMDR ( Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) היא שיטת טיפול אינטגרטיבית שהוכיחה את יעילותה בטיפול במגוון של תלונות נפשיות הקשורות בין היתר לטראומה ולחרדה. מחקרים רבים מראים ששיטת EMDR מסוגלת להביא לעיבוד מהיר של זכרונות טראומטיים, המביאים לשינויים קוגניטיביים ורגשיים יציבים, ולהקלה ניכרת בסימפטומים התנהגותיים-גופניים. השיטה פותחה בסוף שנות ה-80 על ידי הפסיכולוגית האמריקנית ד"ר פרנסין שפירו ומאז עברו את ההכשרה עשרות אלפי מטפלים בכל העולם, ומתוכם למעלה מ- 750 מטפלים בישראל.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a method of handling the tremendous attested the effectiveness in treating a variety of complaints related psychological trauma, among others. Many studies show that EMDR able to bring quick processing of traumatic memories, leading to changes in a stable, and emotional and behavioral-physical symptoms significantly.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

251. Schubbe, O. (2006). EMDR. Institut fur Traumatherapie.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Eine Ärztin gewinnt einen verlorenen Teil ihrer Biografie zurück; ein Mann kann nach einer Geiselnahme wieder Sicherheit erleben; eine Bäckersfrau drückt den stummen Schrecken über den KZ-Tod ihrer Großeltern zum ersten Mal mit Pinsel und Farbe aus. Solche Momente geben mir das Gefühl, von meinen Klienten ganz viel zurückzubekommen. Sie rücken die Perspektive zurecht und geben den Blick auf das Wesentliche frei. Seit ich EMDR einsetze, sind sie viel häufiger. Unter Fachleuten steht EMDR für "Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing", unter Klienten auch für "einmal musst du ran", in jedem Fall aber für eine psychotherapeutische Zusatzmethode zur geschützten Verarbeitung traumatischer Erfahrungen. EMDR besteht aus den acht Phasen nach Francine Shapiro. Die beiden ersten und letzten entsprechen dem in der Traumatherapie üblichen Vorgehen, während die Schritte drei bis sechs eine typische EMDR-Sitzung ausmachen. Am Anfang stehen wie üblich Anamnese und Behandlungsplanung (erste Phase). Nach den Leitlinien zur Behandlung posttraumatischer Störungen (Flatten u.a. 2001) gehört an den Anfang außerdem eine Phase der inneren und äußeren Stabilisierung (zweite Phase). Erst danach folgen die EMDR-Sitzungen im engeren Sinne, bestehend aus der Anfangseinschätzung der Symptomatik (dritte Phase), der zentralen (vierten) Phase der Neuverarbeitung, der Verankerung des erreichten Zustandes (fünfte Phase) und der Prüfung der Restbelastung auf Körperebene - kurz: Körpertest (sechste Phase). Wie in jeder traumatherapeutischen Arbeit wird bei EMDR besonderer Wert auf einen guten Abschluss der Sitzung gelegt (siebte Phase). Und ob die mit EMDR erreichte Veränderung stabil geblieben ist, wird zu Beginn der Folgesitzung überprüft (achte Phase). Es wird nun die Arbeit mit drei Klienten beschrieben, einer Augenärztin, einem Top-Manager und einer Bäckereiangestellten. Die unterschiedlichen Fälle illustrieren in verschiedenen Facetten, wie ich die Phasen von EMDR in therapeutisches Handeln umsetze. Namen und Details habe ich zum Schutz der Klienten geändert.

A doctor will recover a lost part of her biography, a man can experience after a hostage-taking back security, a baker's wife pressed the silent alarm at the concentration camp deaths of their grandparents for the first time with a brush and color. Such moments make me feel to get back from my clients very much. You adjust the perspective and give a view of the essentials. Since I use EMDR, they are much more common. Among experts EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, "among clients for" once you have ran, and in any case for a psychotherapeutic method for secure additional processing of traumatic experiences. EMDR consists of eight phases by Francine Shapiro. The two first and last correspond to the normal practice in trauma therapy, while accounting for three to six steps a typical EMDR session. In the beginning, as usual, are medical history and treatment plan (first phase). According to the guidelines for the treatment of post traumatic disorders (Flatten et al 2001) belongs also to the beginning of a phase of internal and external stability (second phase). Only after the EMDR sessions follow in the strict sense, consisting of the initial assessment of symptoms (third phase), the central (fourth) phase of the reprocessing, anchoring the achieved state (fifth phase) and the testing of residual stress on the body level - in short: Body Test (sixth phase). As in any trauma therapy work is placed in EMDR special importance to a successful conclusion of the meeting (seventh phase). And whether the change reached EMDR has remained stable, is checked at the beginning of the next meeting (sixth phase). It is now working with three clients described, an eye doctor, a top manager and a bakery employee. The different cases illustrate different facets of how I transpose the phases of EMDR in therapeutic action. I have changed names and details to protect the client.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

252. Holmshaw, M. (2008, June). EMDR & CBT work equally well for psychological trauma – Why?. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The use of EMDR, CBT or a combination of the two, in managing psychological ill health following road Traffic Accidents (RTA): The Results and analysis of 1100 consecutive referrals. This paper determines the role of trauma-focused psychological treatment in the management of psychological ill health following road traffic accidents in the UK. RTA’s are the biggest cause of PTSD in this country. All consecutively referred patients with possible psychological ill-health following a RTA were offered a comprehensive psychological assessment by an established provider of trauma services in the UK. Those with significant psychological ill health were offered trauma-focused psychological treatment, EMDR and/or CBT, in line with NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) guidelines. During the psychological assessment a clinical diagnosis was made and a number of psychometric scores were used. These comprised 1 DSM IV criteria for PTSD and illness severity, 2 General Health Questionnaire, 3 Impact of Event Scale, 4 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Similar subjective and objective measurements were made after every fourth session of therapy and on discharge. The results offer a breakdown of diagnoses, the number of patients who proceeded to treatment and the type of treatment and outcome of such treatment. Of the 658 patients who proceeded to Trauma-focused psychological treatment, patients had either EMDR by itself (31%), CBT by itself (36%) or a Combination of EMDR and CBT (33%). Subjectively and objectively three out of four patients were completely relieved of their symptoms or were much better. There was no significant difference between CBT and EMDR in terms of treatment results. Closer analysis of the three subgroups revealed a number of variables which seemed to be associated with failure of EMDR treatment and failure of CBT treatment. These variables will be discussed against the background of the trauma focused CBT model of Clarke, D and Ehlers A, 2002. Recommendations will be made of ways to improve the outcome of EMDR Therapy and improving EMDR training.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

253. Heiman, M., Packwood, S., Becker-Fritz, T., Carson, S., Donovan, L., Froning, M., & Peterson, G. (2003, June). EMDR & children: A guide for parents, professionals, and others who care about children. EMDR International Association.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is a treatment method that is effective for resolving emotional difficulties caused by disturbing, difficult, or frightening life experiences. EMDR has been used to help children overcome traumatic events and other childhood problems and symptoms.

Keywords: Brochure Children Guide

Accuracy Verified: Yes

254. Albers, J. (2008, June). EMDR & cue exposure – How cue exposure catalyses the effectiveness of the EMDR protocol to diminish craving. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A structured six-session group therapy has been developed for overcoming craving. Treatment is based upon a standard EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure techniques. The EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure catalyses the recovery process as follows: In the very beginning the participants are taught a set of three ideodynamic resources for coping with the urge to drink. Then they are exposed to alcohol until the urge to drink reaches it´s peak. At this moment they are taught to initialize the standard EMDR protocol - with continued exposure to alcohol. Subsequently, the power of desensitisation and reprocessing followed by one ideodynamic strategy influences the intensity of craving significantly. Craving symptoms diminish and finally disappear. In addition to that new experience the clients acquire greater and deeper knowledge about their personal drinking triggers. They also find out which strategy is the most effective one for each specific trigger. A strategy, which works well with one trigger, may not work with a different one. Workshop participants will learn the system of using cue exposure as a powerful cognitive interweave. This program is designed to improve the treatment of various types of addiction, such as gambling, etc. and can easily be integrated into existing EMDR treatment strategies.

Keywords: Cue Exposure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

255. Herbert, C. (2008, June). EMDR & positive psychology. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There has been increasing academic interest and growth in the field of Positive Psychology in recent years. Despite this, applied Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry and much of therapeutic practice and academic research in Europe remains focused on the diagnosis and treatment of pathology and dysfunction and the reduction in symptoms frequently used as the sole outcome measure. Most of EMDR research and practice also follows this pattern. While, achievement of symptom relief is clearly of great importance, often especially situations, which confront individuals with great inner pain, such as a life crisis or present or past trauma, have the potential to move a person into a process of enormous inner growth and positive life development. People can become more authentic, accepting and loving of themselves. This, in turn, frequently, has a very positive effect on people’s functioning in life, including improvements in their interpersonal relationships, feelings of inner happiness and greater contentment and fulfilment. This workshop introduces concepts and findings from the field of Positive Psychology and explores how these can be incorporated into the practice of EMDR to facilitate positive inner growth, the development of a more authentic Self and help individuals attain greater, personal meaning in their lives.

Keywords: Positve Psychology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

256. Millar, P. (2010, March). EMDR & psychosis. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Psychotic phenomena are one of the most challenging clinical presentations to treat, the most severe form being schizophrenia and poor outcome schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia is a severe enduring mental illness (SMI) and is characterised by core disturbances of thinking, perceptions and the emotions. It is accepted as having a heavy burden, with significant effects on the patient, their families and carers and it is one of the most costly illnesses worldwide. The weight of burden falls with regard to legal problems, stigma and life expectancy: life expectancy in this group of individuals is reduced by 10 years, mostly as a consequence of suicide (Rossler, Salize et al. 2005). Despite more than 100 years of experience of the disease it is still only a minority of individuals who make a full recovery. This workshop aims to give further insight into the role of EMDR in the treatment of schizophrenia - as defined by the genetic epidemiological work by Professor K Kendler (Kendler, Spitzer et al. 1989; Kendler, McGuire et al. 1993; Kendler, Maguire et al. 1993). It follows up a series of three patients with psychosis treated with EMDR one of whom met strict criteria for schizophrenia. All 3 are now over 2 years post-EMDR. Of specific note the man who presented with schizophrenia remains free of medication and symptoms. The workshop will discuss the role of EMDR in the treatment of psychosis, including schizophrenia and discuss case selection and protocol development in this area of practice.

Keywords: Psychosis Schizoaffective Disorder Schizophrenia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

257. Gilman, S., & Marshall, J. (2011, August). EMDR & the first responder: Bringing hope and healing to those suffering in silence with hidden symptoms. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
First Responders” (Police Officers, Firefighters, Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT), Paramedics, Dispatchers), live with cumulative stress while intervening in traumatic human experiences. While most of us believe they are psychologically ‘tough’ and resilient, enabling them to tolerate repeat exposure, many suffer in silence. This presentation will expose the hidden stress-filled world of First Responders, the ongoing stigmas which block appropriate interventions, how psycho-education and EMDR treatment can result in healthier, more productive first response teams. EMDR Case examples will enlighten and inspire those who attend.

Keywords: First Responders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

258. Hansen, H. S. (2009, Sommeren). EMDR - Et valg til behandling af PTSD?. Aalborg Universitet, Institut for Kommunikation, Aalborg, Denmark.

Language: Danish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Denne afhandling har til formål at afdække, om behandling af Eye Movement Desensibilisering og oparbejdning (EMDR) er en effektiv behandling af Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). EMDR er blevet kaldt The Breakthrough behandling og Helbredelse af PTSD. Worldwide flere nationale sundhedsorganisationer anbefaler EMDR da behandlingen for klienter, der lider af PTSD, og denne anbefaling er understøttet af flere internationalt anerkendte forskere. Derudover en betydelig stort antal forskere er blevet offentliggjort, viser, at EMDR er en effektiv måde at behandle PTSD. I første omgang bør det præjudicielle spørgsmål være let at besvare, hvis det ikke havde været på grund af opskæring kontrast findes i flere andre offentliggjorte forsker og artikler påstår at EMDR ikke er effektiv, og ligger ved siden af at være en svindler. Denne kritik viser akademiske fejl og mangler i metoder til forskning og objektivitet. Som EMDR synes at opdele den akademiske samfund i "Hvem er for og hvem imod", det foreløbige Spørgsmålet er ikke ansvarlig i første omgang. I nærmer et svar på spørgsmålet, to teoretiske dele vil være repræsenteret. I første hoveddel, diagnose af PTSD vil blive taget igennem. Diagnosen er forholdsvis ny og indeholder en kompleksitet, som er nødvendig for at afdække, før den fremlægger det teoretiske fundament for EMDR. Delvis kompleksitet PTSD skyldes det faktum, at mere eller mindre, PTSD har erstattet begrebet krise i praksis, mens den tidligere adskilte diagnoser er inkluderet i PTSD i dag. Som et eksempel det har ført til, mentalt stabile personer, der har været traumatiseret, er diagnosticeret med samme diagnose som traumatiseret personer, der lider af en alvorlig personlighedsforstyrrelser. For eksempel denne konstellation gør det vanskeligt at forske i effektiviteten af de behandlinger, som den samme behandling kan resultere forskelligt, alt efter hvilken gruppe af personer i spørgsmålet. Efter at have gjort diagnosen PTSD igennem, den anden teoretisk vigtigste del, som er på EMDR, vil blive præsenteret. Ved første, i denne del, vil det teoretiske grundlag for EMDR være fremvises for at opnå et bedre perspektiv af følgende kritik. Afhandlingen rundes af med en bred debat og en efterfølgende konklusion. Blandt andet konkluderer afhandlingen, at EMDR virker effektivt på isolerede symptomer på PTSD til en hel del længde. EMDR virker effektivt på flashbacks negative og invaderende tanker og derfor EMDR kan anbefales som en mulig valg af behandling, og bekvemt som et supplement. At den teoretiske fundament af effektiviteten af EMDR bør ikke kun være en variant af kognitiv eksponering terapi er imidlertid meget svage og mangler en uafhængig evidensbaseret forskning.

This dissertation seeks to uncover whether the therapy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). EMDR has been termed as The Breakthrough Therapy and The Cure of PTSD. Worldwide several national health organizations recommend EMDR as the treatment for clients suffering from PTSD, and this recommendation is supported by several internationally recognized academics. Additionally a considerable large number of researches have been published, showing that EMDR is an effective way of treating PTSD. At first, the preliminary question should be easy to answer, had it not been due to the cutting contrast found in several other published researches and articles claiming that EMDR is not effective and is next to being a fraud. This criticism indicates academic errors and deficiencies in methods of research and objectiveness. As EMDR seems to divide the academic societies into “who´s for and who´s against”, the preliminary question is not answerable at first. In approaching an answer to the question, two theoretical parts will be represented. In the first main part, the diagnosis of PTSD will be taken through. The diagnosis is rather new and contains a complexity, which is necessary to uncover, before presenting the theoretical foundation of EMDR. Partly the complexity of PTSD is due to the fact that, more or less, PTSD has replaced the concept of crisis in practice, whereas former separated diagnoses are included in PTSD today. As an example it has led to, mentally stable persons, who have been traumatized, are diagnosed with the same diagnosis as traumatized persons suffering from severe personality disorders. For example this constellation makes it difficult to research the efficiency of the therapies, as the same therapies can result differently according to which group of persons in question. Having taken the diagnosis of PTSD through, the second theoretical main part which is on EMDR, will be presented. At first, in this part, the theoretical foundation of EMDR will be presented to obtain a better perspective of the following criticism. The dissertation closes with a broad discussion and a subsequent conclusion. Among others, the dissertation concludes that EMDR works effectively on isolated symptoms of PTSD to quite some length. EMDR works effectively on flashbacks, negative and invading thoughts and therefore EMDR is recommendable as a possible choice of therapy, conveniently as a supplement. That the theoretical foundation of the effectiveness of EMDR should not be only a variant of cognitive exposure therapy is, however, very frail and lacks an independent evidence-based research.

Keywords: Literature Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

259. Wejdsten, G. (2007, October). EMDR - Metoden [EMDR - method]. Goteborgs Universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, Sweden.

Language: Swedish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Den här uppsatsen handlar om EMDR- metoden. En psykoterapeutisk metod som syftar till att bearbeta minnen från traumatiska händelser och mildra de psykologiska konsekvenserna. Francine Shapiro utvecklade denna metod 1989 för behandling av trauma. Det påstås att 84- 100 % av dem som behandlas mot Post traumatisk stress syndrom med denna metod blir fria från symptom på endast 1-3 behandlingar. Shapiro påstår att metoden är effektivare än någon annan terapeutisk behandlingsmetod. Huvudsyftet med att välja att skriva om detta, var att införskaffa kunskap om EMDR- metoden i sin helhet. Om dess uppkomst och utveckling. Vem den tillämpas på samt hur den tillämpas och mål med metoden. Jag ville veta vad forskningen säger om metoden. Uppsatsen är främst en litteraturstudie. EMDR- metoden behandlas främst i kapitel 3. Nyckelord behandlas under stycket definitioner. I Teori- delen jämför jag EMDR- metoden med; Kognitiv terapi, Kognitiv beteende terapi och Psykodynamisk terapi. Jag gör det för att jag funnit likheter och skillnader dem emellan. Jag skriver också lite om studier och forskning om metoden. Jag har lärt mig och redovisar metodens uppkomst, utveckling, mål. Hur den tillämpas och på vad. EMDR har viss effekt i behandlingen av PTSD och detta är styrkt vetenskapligt. Det är inte styrkt vetenskapligt att EMDR skulle vara effektivare än andra psykoterapeutiska metoder. Många utövare har positiv upplevelse av EMDR- utbildning och utövande. De flesta anser det är av stor vikt att man har terapi erfarenhet som exempelvis psykolog innan man utövar EMDR- metoden. Detta är också ett krav om man vill gå utbildningen. Det är ej vetenskapligt klarlagt vilken del i behandlingen som är verksam. Det är inte bevisat vad ögonrörelserna eller alternativa stimuleringar har för effekt. EMDR sammanfogar komponenter från flera psykologiska inriktningar. PTSD är den huvudsakliga målgruppen. Man behandlar både barn och vuxna. Det saknas hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar av EMDR- metoden och mer forskning behövs om metoden. Främst för att kunna bevisa effektiviteten på andra symptom än PTSD, kostnadseffektiviteten och för att se om effekten av minskade symptom kvarstår på sikt, en lång tid efter behandlingen. En socionom får gå en EMDR- utbildning om man först läser till psykoterapeut.[Science Direct]

This essay is about EMDR method. A psychotherapeutic approach designed to process the memories of traumatic events and mitigate the psychological consequences. Francine Shapiro developed this method in 1989 for the treatment of trauma. It is claimed that 84 - 100% of those under treatment for post traumatic stress syndrome with this method is free of symptoms of only 1-3 treatments. Shapiro claims that the method is more effective than any other therapeutic treatment. The main purpose of choosing to write about this, was to acquire knowledge of the EMDR method as a whole. If its origin and development. Who it applies to and how it is applied and the objectives of the method. I wanted to know what research says about the method. The essay is primarily a literature review. EMDR method is mainly addressed in Chapter 3. Keywords treated under paragraph definitions. In theory, part I compare EMDR method, Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy. I do it because I found the similarities and differences between them. I also write a bit of study and research methodology. I have learned and identify ways the origin, development, goals. How it is applied and on what. EMDR has some effect in the treatment of PTSD and this is proven scientifically. It is not proved scientifically that EMDR is more effective than other psychotherapeutic methods. Many practitioners have positive experience of EMDR training and exercise. Most believe it is essential that you have other therapies, such as a psychologist before practicing EMDR method. This is also a requirement if you want to attend the program. It is not scientifically clear what part of the treatment that works. It is not proven what the eye movements or alternative stimuli has for effect. EMDR merges components from several psychological approaches. PTSD is the main target group. It treats both children and adults. The lack of health economic evaluations of EMDR method and more research is needed on the method. Mainly in order to prove the effectiveness of other symptoms than PTSD, cost effectiveness and to see if the effect of decreased symptoms persist over time, a long time after treatment. A social worker may go one EMDR training on first reading to the psychotherapist. [Science Direct]

Keywords: Behavioral Theory CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Cognitive Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

260. Zaro, S. (2013, March 12). EMDR - PEP in the sports arena. Examiner.com. Retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/article/emdr-pep-the-sports-arena 3/21/2013.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
JL: Over the past twenty years Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) has progressed from a technique that could be used within existing psychotherapy modalities such as psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive behavioral, integrative approaches to address symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR has evolved into a distinct integrative approach based upon Francine Shapiro’s, Ph.D., Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) which suggests that EMDR address dysfunctionally stored memory networks. Essentially this means that everything we learn whether it enters our sensory receptors through vision, hearing, taste, touch or smell becomes stored in our brains in a way it can be retrieved when needed and it adapts according to other information coming in through the environment. Learning occurs when new associations are created with material already stored in a persons memory. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Interview Jennifer Lendl Performance Enhancement Sports

Accuracy Verified: Yes

261. 黃翔 [Huang Xiang]. (2002). EMDR -─眼動心身重建法簡介 [EMDR - Eye tempted body reconstruction technique introduction]. 加州心理研究所臨床心理學 [California Psychological Institute of Clinical Psychology].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
EMDR─眼誘惑身體重建法“的英文全名是眼動脫敏和再加工。採訪，這是一個多次在很短的一段時間後，藥物可在任何情況下，有效地降低程度心理創傷，重建希望和在治療的信心。可減少心理創傷症狀包括“長期累積的創傷痛苦的回憶”，“因創傷引起高度的焦慮和消極情緒”，以及“身體不適造成的創傷反應”等等。一個結果接受EMDR治療可以建立一個積極的影響，包括“健康積極的思想”和“健康行為的一代”等。

"EMDR ─ eye tempted Body Renewal Law" in English is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. This is an interview several times in a short period after the drug can be in no circumstances, effectively reducing the degree of psychological trauma, and rebuild hope and confidence in treatment. Can be to reduce the psychological trauma symptoms include "long-term cumulative trauma of painful memories," "due to trauma caused by a high degree of anxiety and negative emotions", and "the physical discomfort caused by trauma response" and so on. A result of receiving EMDR treatment can establish a positive effect, including "a healthy and positive thoughts" and "health behavior generation" and so on.

Keywords: Body Renewal Law

Accuracy Verified: Yes

262. Fernandez, I. (2008). EMDR after a critical incident: Treatment of a tsunami survivor with acute posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 156-159. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.156.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Research indicates that EMDR is effective for the treatment of PTSD, with numerous studies showing a high percentage of symptom remission after 3 sessions. The case of a tsunami survivor with acute PTSD is presented. Treatment for overt trauma symptoms was completed within 3 sessions, including all 8 phases and the 3-pronged protocol (i.e., past, present, future targets). One EMDR session was sufficient to process the trauma and alleviate the related symptoms, while another session was necessary for re-evaluation and processing present triggers and future templates. Resource installation was particularly helpful to prepare him for those future situations that had been generating anxiety as a result of his traumatization. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Brief Psychotherapy Case Report Disaster Disaster-Response Indian Ocean Tsunami Italians Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Recent Events Survivors Trauma Tsunamis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

263. Foster, S. (1999). EMDR and assisting athletes in coping with a critical incident. Symposium conducted at the annual conference of the Association of the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This symposium presentation focuses on Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) as an intervention to assist an athlete in recovering from the distressing effects of a critical incident and the adverse impact that such an event can have on the athlete's performance. Two cases will be presented; that of a major league baseball player and a male pair skater and national competitor. Each experienced a life threatening critical incident which triggered symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. The EMDR methodology was first used as a treatment for trauma, its original utilization. However, the extension of the EMDR protocol for performance enhancement was also employed, to help restore the athlete's desire for engaging in his sport and to provide mental rehearsal for future participation. The presenter will also discuss the current EMDR neurophysiological research, and the relevance of this method of enhancing athlete performance.

Keywords: Athletes Critical Incident Recent Events Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

264. Rivas, C. (2012, April). EMDR and chronic illnesses. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chronc diseases represent a complex area on the health-illness continuum. When a chronic disease is diagnosed, clients may require ongoing support to cope with life changes and management of their health. During this workshop, participants will be introduced to the general aspects of chronic diseases and how clients’psychological symptoms can be understood from the Adaptive Information Processing(AIP) model. Also, EMDR clinicians will learn how to structure an intervention for different types of chronic diseases, using the 8 steps of the Basic Protocol, identifying the key issues for each condition, according to a past-present-future timeline. Examples will be based on cancer, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS cases.
Learning objectives: 1.Identify the challenges associated with chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and HIV/AIDS 2. Utilize the Adaptative Information Processing (AIP) model to understand the psychological dimension of chronic diseases (e.g. anxiety, depression, guilt, shame, self-image issues, etcetera) 3. Use the EMDR basic protocol to structure interventions suitable for people living with human health conditions.

Keywords: Chronic Illnesses

Accuracy Verified: Yes

265. Shapiro, E. (2012). EMDR and early psychological intervention following trauma. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 241-251. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.09.003.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introduction: This article evaluates developments in the field of early psychological intervention (EPI) after trauma in general and the place of early eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention (EEI) in particular. The issues and dilemmas involved with EPI and EEI will be outlined; related research presented and the current status evaluated. Literature and clinical findings: Reviewing the literature and drawing on findings from initial research and case studies, the rationale and contribution that EMDR therapy has to offer is discussed relative to current evidence and theory regarding post-traumatic stress syndromes and trauma memories. The relative advantages of EEI will be elaborated. Discussion and conclusion: It is proposed that EEI, while trauma memories have not yet been integrated, may be used not only to treat acute distress but may also provide a window of opportunity in which a brief intervention, possibly on successive days, could prevent complications and strengthen resilience. Through the rapid reduction of intrusive symptoms and de-arousal response as well as by identifying potential obstructions to adaptive information processing (AIP), EMDR therapy may reduce the sensitisation and accumulation of trauma memories.

Keywords: Early Psychological Intervention EPI Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

266. Curran, L. A. (2009, January). EMDR and EMDR related techniques for effective trauma treatment. Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Center for Social Work Practice Policy and Research, Fort Washington, PA.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Beginning in the 1990s, Francine Shapiro had discovered and began researching a new neurophysiological technique for treating traumatic material. This technique, alternating bilateral stimulation, was quickly subsumed by Shapiro’s psychotherapeutic orientation known as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). After many years of rigorous empirical studies demonstrating its uses and effectiveness in trauma treatment, EMDR has become one of only three approved treatments recommended by the veteran’s administration for the treatment of PTSD. Through didactic illustration and explanation; videotaped demonstrations; and experiential exercises, this seminar provides clinicians the basic principles of EMDR and EMDR- related techniques and how each would be incorporated into their personal therapeutic orientation and practice. Goals 1. Participants will gain understanding of neuroscience’s trauma paradigm · Biological nature of trauma · Specific trauma symptoms and their order of appearance · Primary treatment issues in trauma therapy. 2. Participants will gain understanding of trauma’s cognitive and somatic impact and how to effectively treat its sequelae including: · Hyperarousal · Affect dysregulation · Dissociation · Body memories and “flashbacks” 3. Participants will learn the theory of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and EMDR-related techniques for initial resourcing of clients, followed by desensitizing and cognitive reprocessing of traumatic material. Objectives 1. Participants will identify the biological nature of trauma; how trauma is stored in the body and limbic system, creating physical and psychological symptoms. 2. Participants learn to identify the symptoms of trauma- hyperarousal; affect dysregulation; dissociation, body memories and “flashbacks”. 3. Participants will learn the Adaptive Information Processing Model and clinical research associated with EMDR 4. Participants will learn how EMDR and EMDR-related techniques are used as an adjunct to psychotherapy. 5. Participants will identify and demonstrate the eight 8 Phases of EMDR protocol. 6. Participants will describe the differences between eye movement, auditory and tactile stimulation. 7. Describe the process for resourcing a client prior to actual processing traumatic material. 8. Describe the process of employing tactile alternating bilateral stimulation for the processing traumatic memories.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: No

267. Errebo, N., & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2007). EMDR and emotionally focused couple therapy for war veteran couples. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 202-222). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
To help veteran couples, therapists need to understand the effect of war on the warrior, the impact of the warrior's experience on intimate relationships, and effective individual and couple treatments. These considerations are discussed in this chapter. Topic include war trauma and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); effects of PTSD symptoms on veterans and their intimate relationships; problems in veterans' marital relationships; and treatment considerations. The therapy process described here is an integration of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). In case conceptualization and treatment planning, EMDR and EFT can be woven together harmoniously; many of their theoretical concepts and procedural steps are compatible with or parallel to one another. EFT and EMDR are first described separately. Next, the parallels between the two treatments are discussed. Then a plan is presented for combining EMDR and EFT in comprehensive treatment for couples affected by war trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Couples Therapy EFT Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy Emotion Focused Therapy Emotional Freedom Technique Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Veterans War Trauma War Veteran Couples

Accuracy Verified: Yes

268. Robredo, J. (2011, June). EMDR and gender violence. Brief and intensive treatment for children exposed to gender violence. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Instituto de Psicotrauma de Alicante and the Social Services of San Juan use, since 2008, a brief intervention protocol for minors exposed to gender violence. This protocol is based on the therapeutic paradigm of EMDR©. First results on a sample of 28 children from 4 to 12 years old were the disappearance of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, the remission of concomitant behavior disorders (disobedience, aggression), and the improvement of the affective link with their mother. In our last study, the sample was bigger and the treatment protocol evolved to be an intensive one, lasting three weeks. Learning objectives: This workshop’s aim is to show such protocol and our last study. We will present to the participants: 1.Characteristics of gender violence in mothers and symptoms in their children. 2.Relevance of the EMDR paradigm and the Structural Dissociation of Personality Theory by Onno van der Hart. 3.Assessment instruments. 4.Evidences of the structural dissociation in the children. 5.Treatment protocol. 6.Handling of sessions with mother and child. 7.Work with the dysfunctional beliefs of mothers. 8.Techniques to work with the cognitive interweaves of the child. 9.Techniques to identify and work the dissociation in the child. 10.Data and conclusions of the study

Keywords: Children Gender Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

269. Ostacoli:, L., Bertino, G., & Faretta, E. (2013, June). EMDR and health: EMDR brief treatment in medical conditions with a high emotional charge: A possible challenge. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Stress and high emotional situations such as complex traumas have a negative influence on the psycho – physiologic adaptive process to illness. If these experiences are not elaborated, they could be stored as dysfunctional memories causing psychophysical vulnerability. EMDR treatment requires a proper detection and reprocessing of stressing memories in present and past events and in future templates, handling worries and fears.
Treatment protocol for serious medical diseases will be presented, focusing in the domains of Multiple Sclerosis and Oncology. Starting from the person and his system (biopsychosocial model), the main interest will be placed on case conceptualization and preparation of the project with EMDR, and then the identification of targets for further processing. From here, through the exposure of specific cases treated, we will work on bodily symptoms (the feeling perceived) through floatback to promote the connection of memories. The presentation of the research project and the first data obtained will follow.
The design helps the person to relate themselves to the traumatic material as something that they can see, represent, touch, by sharing and by exploring their resonances with the therapist; the design provides an emotional containment that allows the processing of intense emotions, reduces significantly the risk of dissociations, and allows the recovery of creative resources.
The fundamental aim of the model is to facilitate the building of a constructive relationship with themselves and with the “sick body”, by elaborating the traumatic events that have led to a dysfunctional self-image and explored, strengthened their resources with the aim of building the “navigation tools” and an effective “first-aid kit” for times of crisis. It will be presented the model of the intervention and the strategies proposed and used, through the presentation of clinical cases.
The analysis of the success factors and of the difficulties encountered will allow us to define a possible direction for future brief interventions with patients affected by complex organic diseases.
Learning objectives: To learn EMDR protocols adapted to deal with serious medical illnesses such as Cancer and Multiple Sclerosis; To analyse the therapeutic process by narrative and graphic material; and To learn specific features to deal with fears of loss and impairment

Keywords: Disease Medical Illness Multiple Sclerosis Oncology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

270. Whalen, J. E. (1999, September). EMDR and hypnosis: A theoretical and clinical investigation. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. AAT 9923344.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a controversial new treatment for anxiety disorders that is proported to evince rapid and lasting treatment gains. EMDR theorists argue that humans have an innate biological drive to process events and their memories into adaptive and useful forms. Traumatic memories become "stuck" and unprocessed, resulting in a host of psychopathological symptoms. EMDR's curative power rests primarily in the eye movements. Shapiro argues that the eye movements directly access and alter traumatic memories at a neurophysiological level. Memories are then processed down into adaptive forms, with a concomitant abatement of symptoms. Research supports the clinical efficacy of EMDR. However, there is much debate as to the actual mutative element in the EMDR protocol. Support for eye movements playing a curative role is meager and equivocal. This study examines the proposition that the primary mutative component of EMDR is response to suggestion. Specifically, this study proposes that the EMDR treatment protocol is laced with suggestion for improvement. Highly hypnotizable individuals will respond to these suggestions even though EMDR is an explicitly nonhypnotic treatment. That is, subjects will improve to the extent they respond to suggestion. Further, this study tests the viability of Shapiro's eye movement theory. An eye movement condition is compared to an eye fixation condition in terms of treatment outcome. Results indicate a positive correlation between subjects' hypnotizability and treatment outcome. In addition, eye movement conditions were as efficacious as eye fixation conditions where treatment outcome is concerned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(3-B), Sep 1999, pp. 1319.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorder Anxiety Disorders Effectiveness Empirical Study Hypnotic Susceptibility Hypnotizability Treatment Outcomes Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

271. van Rood, Y., & de Roos, C. (2012, June). EMDR and medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS): Case conceptualisation and treatment [EMDR y los síntomas somáticos inexplicables por la medicina (MUPS): Conceptualización del caso y tratamiento]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are symptoms for which adequate examination did not reveal sufficiently explanatory structural or other specified pathology. This includes patients with somatoform disorders such as conversion disorder, hypochondriasis, and pain disorder. But also patients with functional syndromes such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome and patients with specific physical symptoms such as pain, nausea, itch for which no medical cause has been detected. Empirical evidence suggests that traumatic experiences can play a role in the aetiology of MUPS and somatoform disorders (Roelofs & Spinhoven, 2007). Furthermore, unprocessed traumatic memories can play a role in the maintenance of MUPS (de Roos & van Rood, in press). Indeed,the results of a systematic review suggest that EMDR might be an effective treatment for MUPS and somatoform disorders, particularly when the somatic complaints are trauma related (van Rood & de Roos, 2009). Clinicians need to establish if the specific complaint of their patient is trauma related, whether the unprocessed trauma memory maintains the somatic symptom, and if so in what way. In this presentation the different ways are discussed in which trauma memories can be related to MUPS and how this may maintain the complaint; i.e. hinder recovery. The presentation will be illustrated with video fragments of the EMDR process in several patients with diverse somatic complaints.

Los síntomas somáticos médicamente inexplicables (MUPS), son síntomas para los cuales un adecuado examen no muestra una explicación estructural suficiente ni otra patología específica. Esto incluye pacientes con trastornos somatomorfos como el trastorno de conversión, hipocondría y trastorno por dolor. Pero también los pacientes con síndromes funcionales como la fibromialgia, síndrome de fatiga crónica, síndrome del colon irritable y pacientes con síntomas físicos específicos como dolor, náuseas, picores sin causa médica, fueron detectados. La evidencia empírica sugiere que las experiencias traumáticas pueden jugar un papel en la etiología del MUPS y los trastornos somatomorfos (Roelofs & Spinhoven, 2007). Es más, los recuerdos traumáticos sin procesar pueden jugar un papel en el mantenimiento del MUPS (de Roos & van Rood, in press). De hecho, los resultados de revisiones sistemáticas sugieren que el EMDR puede ser un tratamiento efectivo para MUPS y los trastornos somatomorfos, de manera específica cuando las quejas somáticas de los pacientes están relacionadas con un trauma. Los clínicos necesitan establecer si existen quejas específicas de sus pacientes relacionadas con el trauma o no. Si el trauma sin procesar mantiene los síntomas somáticos o no. En esta presentación diferentes caminos serán discutidos, en donde el trauma puede estar relacionado con el MUPS y cómo éste puede mantener la queja. La presentación será acompañada de fragmentos de vídeo para el procesamiento de EMDR en numerosos pacientes con diversas quejas somáticas.

Keywords: Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms MUPS

Accuracy Verified: Yes

272. McGoldrick, T., Begum, M., & Brown, K. W. (2008). EMDR and olfactory feference syndrome: A case series. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 63-68. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.63.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is an illness currently considered a delusional disorder under the DSM-IV criteria. Patients believe that they emit a foul odor, causing them great emotional distress and negative social consequences. Its etiology is inadequately understood, and there is generally a poor response to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. This article describes the treatment of four consecutive cases of ORS whose pathological symptoms had endured for 8-48 years. The administration of EMDR consisted of processing the various life experiences that appeared to cause and/or trigger the pathology. The EMDR sessions resulted in a complete resolution of symptoms in all four cases, which was maintained at follow-up. Given the rapid and sustained results, we offer a hypothesis based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model to explain the etiopathology and remission. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adults AIP Case Report Delusional Disorder Females Olfactory Reference Symptoms ORS Shame Stressors Survivors Trauma Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

273. Cane, P. (1991, August). EMDR and Project CAPACITAR in Central America. EMDR Network Newsletter, 1(1), 2.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
CAPACITAR is a project of healing and enablement connecting North American and Third World Women. In the past two years we have traveled to very poor regions in Nicaragua and Guatemala to work with women suffering from the effects of war, violence, and grinding poverty. We have offered group workshops in stress management, body movement, simple acupressure and massage to help alleviate the physical symptoms of stress and trauma--headaches, insomnia, stomach disorders, neck and shoulder pain.

Keywords: Project CAPACITSAR

Accuracy Verified: Yes

274. Carvalho, E. R. (2013, May). EMDR and role therapy: Healing the folks who live inside. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The integration of EMDR with Role Therapy will be presented as a comprehensive approach to the treatment of a wide spectrum of clients. Role therapy is presented as a “normalizing” approach to trauma and dissociation, treating clients’ inner roles as EMDR targets. Central to this approach is the conceptualization of self and one’s inner roles and counter-roles. Discussion will include how to use a developmental approach to assessment, and will review the identification, mapping and accessing of roles, as well as how to promote the use of role-specific EMDR targets, facilitating the enhancement of EMDR processing. Learning Objectives: • Participants will be able to discuss and implement the applications of Role Theory concepts and techniques to all phases of the EMDR protocol in order to facilitate the treatment of clients. • Participants will be able to discuss and describe how to developmentally assess, identify, map and access client roles and how to treat roles with traditional EMDR protocols. • Participants will be prepared to utilize EMDR targeting clients’ inner roles to enhance the processing of clients’ issues and resolution of symptoms.

Keywords: Role Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

275. McGuinness, D. P., & Charest, L. (2003, September). EMDR and the integrated diagnostic treatment of somatic complaints. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is designed to prepare clinicians to utilize EMDR in an integrated diagnostic approach with medical professionals for clients with somatic complaints. Participants will learn to explain the principles of emotional pain manifesting itself in physical symptoms and the use of EMDR to facilitate a breakthrough in the patient's overall treatment. Participants will practice a working protocol for treating somatic complaints with EMDR. Participants will also learn cognitive interweave strategies to facilitate the movement of somatic complaints. Participants will have the opponunity to practice these skills in small groups.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Somatic Complaints

Accuracy Verified: Yes

276. Gaudiano, B. A. (2002, Fall/Winter). EMDR and the media - Is change in the wind?. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 1(2), 201-203.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Comments on the article "The finger-wagging cure. Saturday Night," (2001) by C. Milstone. The article began with the presentation of the harrowing story of a coal miner who developed symptoms of posttraumatic stress after being badly injured and nearly killed in a construction equipment accident. The man reported dramatic positive changes after only a few sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and testifies that the treatment "released the pain" of the trauma. This is usually the point at which many previous articles on EMDR would have presented one or two token skeptics and provided additional anecdotal evidence to counter any of the criticisms. However, Milstone's article did not follow this common formula. Instead, she chose to delve more deeply into the claims of EMDR proponents to contrast these claims with the research evidence. The article will likely be criticized by many EMDR proponents. Nevertheless, this article appears to be representative of a subtle shift hi the media coverage of EMDR that has been evident in recent years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

277. Zimmerman, E. (2010, June). EMDR and the phase two treatment of the migraine and headache-protocol. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
After the presentation of Dr. Steven Marcus PhD on different EMDR-conferences of treating migraine and headaches in a two-phase protocol, the authors of this presentation decided to develop a study on the phase two treatment of the headache protocol. The phase one treatment of the headache protocol I-EMDR (integrated EMDR) of Dr. Marcus is for the relief of acute headache pain and related symptoms (nausea, vomiting, light or sound sensitivity etc.). A research study of Dr. Marcus showed very strong effects of the treatment of migraines in this acute phase. (Steven V. Marcus: Phase 1 of integrated EMDR: An Abortive Treatment for Migraine Headaches. JEMDR, Vol. 2, Number 1, 2008, pg. 15ff). The phase two treatment is a multi-session EMDR headache treatment utilizing the Standard EMDR Protocol to prevent or reduce future headache frequency, duration and severity. The phase one has to be included in the second phase. Thus, this phase two protocol has not yet been the subject of a scientific research. The authors present their study design and some cases with video presentations as well as first results on the research of this phase two treatment.

Keywords: Headache Medical Issues Migraine Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

278. Hofmann, A. (2009, June). EMDR and the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patients with complex PTSD and dissociative symptoms are a challenging patient population . Concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et al.) and the the research on memory networks and especially structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) helps to understand this patients better. In the treatment of this patients EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also enclose other EMDR modalities besides the EMDR standard protocol. New developments in EMDR and an decission help when to apply them can help pacing the therapy of these patients and making it successful.

Keywords: Adults Childhood Sexual Abuse Keynote Neglect Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

279. Adler-Tapia, R. (2009, January). EMDR and the treatment of childhood depression: Findings from a pilot study. Presentation at the 23rd Annual San Diego International Conference on Child & Family Maltreatment.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This article describes a study initially designed to assess the ability of therapists to adhere to the Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) protocol with children two to ten years of age. Child subjects in the study were administered pre and post test measures to assess for trauma, as well as, emotional and behavioral symptoms. Initial results indicate a reduction in depressive symptoms following the child subject’s participation in the EMDR research protocol. Even though the children in this study were identified victims of crime, the children did not demonstrate symptoms of post-traumatic stress based on standardized measures; however, the children did demonstrate symptoms consistent with depression. After participating in the research protocol, the children’s depressive symptoms were no longer exhibited at post-treatment assessment. This study is limited by the small number of children included in the study; however, the unanticipated treatment outcomes identified in this study suggest that future research needs to assess the efficacy of EMDR treatment for children displaying symptoms of childhood depression.

Keywords: Children Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

280. Rogers, S. M. (2008, June). EMDR and the treatment of combat trauma. Keynote at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
From the first days of its development, EMDR was applied to those suffering from the trauma of war. As EMDR pioneers worked with this population, the unique features of resolving combat-related PTSD rapidly became clear. These features included not only the complexity of the symptoms, issues, and the involvement of other life experiences but included also the particular skills, knowledge, and attitudes needed of the clinician. In the area of research, while the population of survivors with warrelated PTSD steadily and unfortunately has grown, research has not kept pace. This has resulted not only in deficits of the scientific support for EMDR but has contributed to challenges to the use of EMDR with combat veterans.

Keywords: Combat Keynote

Accuracy Verified: Yes

281. Greenwald, R. (2002). EMDR and trauma-focused treatment for conduct problems. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper No. 19 (pp. 15-21) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct problems, in conjunction with other contributing factors. Preliminary research on child/adolescent trauma treatment indicates that such treatment can successfully reduce post-traumatic symptoms as well as conduct problem symptoms. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has shown particular promise. However, it can be difficult to secure treatment compliance for trauma-focused work with this challenging population. A more comprehensive treatment approach is suggested which addresses trauma-related issues of motivation, safety, and self-efficacy as a foundation form which to introduce EMDR. Reductions in post-traumatic stress, related symptoms, and problem behaviours along with improved school performance, indicate the value of further study of this type of treatment approach.

Keywords: Children Conduct Disorders Occasional Paper

Accuracy Verified: Yes

282. Rodrigues, S. R. C. (2012, Novembro). EMDR aplicado a tratamento com idosos [EMDR and the elderly]. In EMDR e dor crônica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Os idosos com dor crônica têm vivências dolorosas distintas, acompanhada na sua maioria de depressão e um alto nível de ansiedade. Os resultados seriam a redução dos sintomas através do reprocessamento, a diminuição da dor crônica ou seu desaparecimento. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a intervenção com EMDR em idosos com diagnósticos de dor crônica e depressão e a redução dos sintomas na medida em que a ansiedade é reprocessada através da dessensibilização dos eventos traumáticos revelados pelos pacientes. A proposta é seguir por um tempo de seis meses a evolução de tratamento com uma amostra de idosos encaminhados pela Geriatra usando os materiais e recursos da abordagem EMDR. Para este congresso será apresentado o resultado de dez sessões, de uma paciente encaminhada por sua geriatra, diagnosticada com Parkinson e depressão profunda, sem alimentar-se corretamente há seis meses, com o peso de 32 quilos, sem conseguir caminhar em função de sua perna esquerda completamente “travada”, embora não apresentasse perdas musculares. Com poucas sessões obteve-se excelentes resultados. A paciente voltou para sua cidade, em outro estado, com um aumento significativo de peso, e será acompanhada mensalmente para averiguação de sua evolução.

Older people with chronic pain have different experiences painful, accompanied mostly depression and a high level of anxiety. The results would be a reduction of symptoms through reprocessing, decrease chronic pain or their disappearance. The objective of the study is to evaluate the intervention with EMDR in elderly patients with diagnoses of chronic pain and depression and reduction of symptoms in that anxiety is reprocessed through the desensitization of traumatic events revealed by the patients. The proposal is for a time following six months the evolution of treatment with a sample of elderly people referred by geriatricians using the materials and resources of the EMDR approach. To this congress will present the result of ten sessions, a patient referred by a geriatrician, diagnosed with Parkinson's and depression, not eating properly for six months, with the weight of 32 pounds, unable to walk because of his leg left completely "locked", though not present muscle loss. With few sessions yielded excellent results. The patient returned to his hometown in another state, with a significant increase in weight, and will be monitored monthly to investigate its evolution.

Keywords: Anxiety Chronic Pain Depression Elderly Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

283. Mitchell, J. T., & Solomon, R. M. (1995, June). EMDR applications to critical incident stress management. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A critical incident is any situation that causes unusually strong emotional reactions that have the potential to interfere with a person's ability to function immediately after the incident or later. These are situations that overwhelm a person's sense of vulnerability and/or control. A critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is a psychoeducational group meeting or discussion about a traumatic incident which ideally takes place within 72 hours of the event. The goals of a CISD are to mitigate the psychological impact of a traumatic event, prevent subsequent development of a post-traumatic syndrome, accelerate recovery, and serve as an early identification mechanism for people who need further follow-up, including EMDR. The steps of a CISD include: 1) introduction - to introduce the intervention team, explain the process, and set expectations. 2) fact - to describe the event from each participant's perspective on a cognitive level. 3) thought - to allow participants to describe cognitive reactions and to transition to emotional reactions. 4) reaction - to identify the most traumatic aspect of the event for participants. 5) symptom - to identify personal symptoms of distress and transition back to the cognitive level. 6) teaching - to educate as to normal reactions and adaptive coping strategies 7) reentry - to clarefy ambiguities and prepare for termination; access for follow-up. In the opinion of the authors, the CISD facilitates the processing of the traumatic information before it becomes crystallized in dysfunctional form. EMDR can be very effective shortly following a CISD, and is particularly usehl for participants who are experiencing distress or intrusive symptoms after the CISD. The CISD structure helps the participant understand the traumatic impact of the incident and provides support and guidance toward adaptive resolution. The EMDR process begins where the CISD leaves off. The CISD helps to delineate the traumatic image, negative cognition, and emotions associated with the event, making the subsequent EMDR process more efficient. EMDR appears to have a very powerful and rapid effect after the CISD, perhaps, because of the initial processing. In other words, the CISD initiates an adaptive processing of the traumatic information; EMDR completes it. EMDR can be implemented individually immediately following the CISD, or the next day. While the CISD is a group process, EMDR is an individual method. EMDR can be explained during the teaching phase of the CISD or after the CISD to the whole group, but EMDR treatment is done individually and privately. EMDR can go beyond a CISD in targeting previous traumas that may underlie the current incident, delve deeper into the meaning of the incident for the person, and target specific stimuli that are relevant to the individual (e.g. Smells, tastes, etc.). The workshop will discuss the application of EMDR to critical incidents. The protocol for recent events will be reviewed. Guidelines for negative and positive cognitions will be discussed. For example, a critical incident usually involves issues of responsibility ("Is it my fault?"), Safety ("Am I safe?"), And/or control ("Do I have choices in life?). It is important that such dynamics are understood when formulating the negative cognition. The dynamics of fear, a framework for understanding a critical incident and resolving issues of vulnerability and powerlessness, will be presented. The model discusses the importance of going beyond defining the moment of peak stress to elucidating subsequent thoughts, actions, and decisions. The implications for cognitive interweaves will be discussed.

Keywords: CISM Critical Incidence Stress Management Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

284. Royle, L. (2008). EMDR as a therapeutic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 226-232. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.226.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a condition characterized by a new and persistent fatigue unexplained by other conditions and resulting in a substantial reduction in the individual's activity levels. Current treatment includes psychotherapeutic procedures such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, pharmacological interventions, and graded exercise therapy. This article considers the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for the condition of CFS. The case study describes the use of EMDR with a 49-year-old male client who had suffered debilitating CFS for nearly 5 years despite accessing other treatment methods. After 9 sessions, the client indicated that his energy levels were significantly higher, his need for sleep had reduced (from 15-20 hours to 9.5 hours in a 24-hour period), and he was able to resume employment. Results suggest that EMDR may be useful in treating CFS within a personalized treatment plan.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Case Study CFS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Treatment Efficacy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

285. Royle, E. (2008, June). EMDR as a therapeutic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): A case study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a condition that is characterized by a new and persistent fatigue, unexplained by other conditions, and resulting in a substantial reduction in the individual’s activity levels. Current treatment includes psychotherapeutic procedures such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy), pharmacological interventions and Graded Exercise Therapy. This paper considers the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) for the condition of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). The anonymised case study describes the use of EMDR with a client who had suffered debilitating CFS for nearly 5 years despite accessing other treatment methods. Results would suggest that EMDR may be of use in treating CFS within a personalized treatment plan.

Keywords: CFS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

286. Forester, D. (2012, October). EMDR as a treatment for bulimia nervosa in a clinical practice setting. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study examined the possibility of treating the underlying complex trauma symptoms associated with Bulimia Nervosa using EMDR in a private practice setting.

Keywords: Bulimia Nervosa Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

287. Wesselmann, D., Davidson, M., Armstrong, S., Schweitzer, C., Bruckner, D., & Potter, A. E. (2012). EMDR as a treatment for improving attachment status in adults and children. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 223-230. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.08.008.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introduction: The purpose of the article is to examine the current literature regarding evidence for positive change in attachment status following Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and to describe how an integrative EMDR and family therapy team model was implemented to improve attachment and symptoms in a child with a history of relational loss and trauma. Literature: The EMDR method is briefly described along with the theoretical model that guides the EMDR approach. As well, an overview of attachment theory is provided and its implication for conceptualizing symptoms related to a history of relational trauma. Finally, a literature review is provided regarding current preliminary evidence that EMDR can improve attachment status in children and adults. Clinical findings: A case study is described in which an EMDR and family therapy integrative model improved attachment status and symptoms in a child with a history attachment trauma. Conclusion: The case study and literature review provide preliminary evidence that EMDR may be a promising therapy in the treatment of disorders related to attachment trauma.

Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Disorder Family Therapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

288. Fernandez, I. (2007). EMDR as a treatment of post-traumatic reactions: A field study on child victims of an earthquake. Educational and Child Psychology, 24(1), 65-72.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This field study explores the effectiveness of EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) for the post-traumatic reactions of child victims in the post-emergency context of an earthquake that occurred in 2002 in Molise, a region of Central Italy. EMDR was chosen as the treatment for the children of the San Giuliano Primary School in Molise. Twenty-two of the children who experienced the traumatic event, being suddenly buried under the debris of their collapsed school and in contact with the bodies of their dead classmates for hours, received three cycles of EMDR treatment over one year, with a total average of 6.5 sessions of EMDR each. The results show that EMDR contributed to the reduction or remission of PTSD symptoms and facilitated the processing of the traumatic experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Child Victims Elementary Schools Emotional Trauma Field Study Natural Disasters Post-Emergency Context Molise Earthquake Post-Traumatic Reactions PTSD PTSD Symptoms Remission Traumatic Experiences

Accuracy Verified: Yes

289. Rougemont-Bucking, A. (2010, June). EMDR based treatment of psychotraumatic antecedents in illicit drug abusers: A report of two cases. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Background: EMDR has been recognized to be an efficacious treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Other, more recent indications comprise anxiety disorders and substance use disorders (SUD). With regard to SUD, the application of EMDR iS very challenging as patients frequently suffer from many comorbidities. Another concern is the fact that the dissociative experiencing during EMDR-sessions can potentially weaken the patients' coping strategies and provoke relapse through activation of intense drug craving. General procedure. Sessions were proposed once a week. Specific techniques like 'Safe Place', the technique of absorption, heart coherence training and ClPOS were applied prior to proposition of the standard EMDR-protocol. Drug consumption and craving was regularly monitored by means of the patents' self-reports and drug craving scores. The therapist was regularly supervised on the basis of video recordings. Patient 1: A 49 year old man being diagnosed for PTSD and dependency of opiates and benzodiazepines asked to benefit form EMDR with regard to his PTSD symptoms. Patient was abstinent from heroine consumption but consumed midazolam 3 times per week when entering the therapy. Initial evaluation showed an Impact of Event Scale (IES) score of 60, a Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) score of 39.6 and a midazolam craving score of 14. Patient 2 :A 37 old man was diagnosed for borderline personality disorder and for dependency of opiates. Heroine consumption occurred 1 to 3 times per month when starting the therapy EMDR based therapy was proposed as he complained about pertinacious insomnia due to trauma-like events during his childhood. Initial evaluation showed a DES score of 7.8 and a heroine craving score of 17. Global impression: EMDR based treatment of severely affected SUD patients appears to be a difficult and challenging endeavor However, some beneficial effects on general comfort and on drug consumption can be observed. A long stabilisation phase seems to be mandatory and the standard EMDR protocol needs to be conducted with much flexibility as patients were not able to handle intensive emotional stress for a long time period. There was no provocation of a prolonged psychological crisis or of relapse. Experiencing of emotional stress could be limited to the sessions and dissociation could be absorbed with specific techniques without increasing permanently drug craving. Learning objectives: 1. EMDR-based treatment is feasible in severely affected drug abusers 2. Extensive stabilisation of the patient using flexible adaptation of EMDR-related techniques is mandatory 3. Dissociation occurring during treatment has to be addressed carefully as it can easily bridge into drug craving and relapse What is unique: EMDR-based treatment may be a suitable way to treat patients who are still abusing drugs as these interventions focus on maladaptive associations that arise from both trauma and substance related cues.

Keywords: Drug Abusers Heroine Psychotraumatic Antecedents

Accuracy Verified: Yes

290. Lendl, J. (2007, September). EMDR basics part I: The touchstone event. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One of the reasons EMDR is such a powerful treatment is the Adaptive Information Processing Model with its eight phase, three- prong protocol. The robustness of the treatment is not achieved if any part of the protocol is dismissed. Dr. Shapiro’s recent trainings have emphasized the need to work beyond present-day symptoms and triggers (prong #2) to find the underlying touchstone events (prong #1). Part I will review the AIP Model, suggest channels of association most likely linked to a touchstone event/node, review the eight phases, place the touchstone event into the context of the eight phases, show video simulations of the touchstone event including the affect scan and floatback techniques, and have a supervised practicum.

Keywords: Adaptive Processing Model Channels of Association Touchstone Event

Accuracy Verified: Yes

291. Meijer, S. (2013, April). EMDR bij borderline problematiek: Hoe om te gaan met automutilatie en andere vormen van zelfdestructief gedrag [EMDR in borderline issues: How to deal with self-mutilation and other forms of self-destructive behavior]. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Ernstig zelfdestructief gedrag wordt doorgaans gezien als een belemmering voor een behandeling gericht op het verwerken van trauma. Vaak is dit gedrag echter gerelateerd aan ptts symptomatologie en kan het behandelen daarvan met EMDR ook vermindering te weeg brengen in dit gedrag. Uiteraard is het dan wel van belang om goed inzicht te hebben hoe dit gedrag verband houdt met het trauma om te kunnen weten welke targets gekozen moeten worden. Deze lezing geeft inzicht hoe zelfdestructief gedrag begrepen kan worden, hoe het verband kan houden met trauma en hoe dit vervolgens behandeld kan worden. Ook wordt besproken hoe patiënten met ernstige vormen van dit gedrag voorbereid kunnen worden op de EMDR behandeling zonder verder te ontregelen.

Serious self-destructive behavior is usually seen as a barrier to treatment aimed at traumas. Often this behavior is related to pTTS symptomatology and can treat them with EMDR also bring about reduction in this behavior. Of course is it important to have good insight how this behavior is related to the trauma in order to know which targets should be chosen. This lecture gives an insight into how self-destructive behavior can be understood, how it may be related to trauma and how it then can be treated. It also discusses how patients with severe forms of this behavior can be prepared on the EMDR treatment without further disrupt.

Keywords: Borderline Symptoms Self-Destructive Behaviors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

292. Hofmann, A. (2006, November). EMDR bij de behandeling van complexe PTSS patiënten [EMDR in the treatment of complex PTSD patients]. Keynote gepresenteerd aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patiënten met complexe PTSS en dissociatieve symptomen zijn een uitdagende patiëntenpopulatie. Concepten zoals de stoornis van extreme stress (Herman et al..) En het geheugen van het onderzoek naar netwerken en vooral structurele dissociatie (Nijenhuis et al..) Helpt om dit te begrijpen patiënten beter. Bij de behandeling van deze patiënten EMDR kan een van de belangrijkste benaderingen in de behandeling een therapie instelling die gewoonlijk moet ook bijvoegen andere modaliteiten naast de EMDR EMDR standaardprotocol. Nieuwe ontwikkelingen in EMDR en een decission helpen wanneer ze toe te passen kan pacing de therapie van deze patiënten te helpen en maakt het succesvol.

Patients with complex PTSD and dissociative symptoms are a challenging patient population . Concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et al.) and the the research on memory networks and especially structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) help to understand these patients better. In the treatment of this patients EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also enclose other EMDR modalities besides the EMDR standard protocol. New developments in EMDR and an decission help when to apply them can help pacing the therapy of these patients and making it successful.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder C-PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

293. Sanders, D., & ten Broeke, E. (2011, Juni). EMDR bij de behandeling van een negatief zelfbeeld [EMDR in the treatment of low self-esteem]. Psychopraktijk, 3(3), 19-22. doi:10.1007/s13170-011-0039-z.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Sinds de introductie in 1989 van Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is de methode verder ontwikkeld en verfijnd. Het toepassingsgebied is daardoor aanzienlijk uitgebreid. Zo werd een specifieke benadering voor het conceptualiseren van klachten gepresenteerd die voorafgaat aan de toepassing van EMDR bij een flink scala van andere klachten dan Posttraumatische Stress Stoornis (PTSS). Zo is er nu een behandeling met EMDR voor mensen met een negatief zelfbeeld. Na een korte schets van de achtergronden en toepassing van het EMDR-basisprotocol, wordt deze laatste aanpak hieronder aan de hand van een casus geïllustreerd.

Since its introduction in 1989 of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), the method developed and refined. The scope is thus greatly expanded. Thus, a specific approach to conceptualizing problems presented prior to the application of EMDR in a large variety of other symptoms than Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There is now an EMDR treatment for people with low self-esteem. After a brief outline of the background and application of the basic EMDR protocol, the latter approach below, using an illustrated case.

Keywords: Self-Esteem: Self-Image

Accuracy Verified: Yes

294. ten Broeke, A., & de Jongh, A. (1997). EMDR bij debehandeling van Type II psychotrauma: Een casus [EMDR in the treatment of Type II psychotrauma: A case-study]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 39(3), 249-255.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Deze casus beschrijft de toepassing van EMDR bij de behandeling van ernstige en herhaalde seksueel misbruik. Tijdens een patiënt in de psychiatrische behandeling EMDR werd gebruikt om ongevoelig en "opwerken" de traumatische herinneringen. Zoals blijkt uit eigenbelang van de cliënt-verslag en gestandaardiseerde psychologische vragenlijsten, EMDR was succesvol in het verlichten van diverse ptss-symptomen en daarmee samenhangende klachten. De resultaten werden gehandhaafd op negen maanden follow-up. Zaak verslagen als deze kunnen stimuleren gecontroleerde outcome research over de toepassing van EMDR bij complexe (Type II) vormen van PTSS.

This case history describes the application of EMDR in the treatment of severe and repeated sexual abuse. During an in-patient psychiatric treatment EMDR was used to desensitize and 'reprocess' the traumatic memories. As is evident from the client's selfreport and standardized psychological questionnaires, EMDR was successful in alleviating various PTSD symptoms and associated complaints. The results were maintained at nine months follow-up. Case-reports like these may stimulate controlled outcomeresearch on the applications of EMDR with complex (Type II) forms of PTSD.

Keywords: Case Report Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Young Adults

Accuracy Verified: Yes

295. van Nijnatten, A. (2012). EMDR bij getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen: Verschil in effectiviteit tussen visuele en auditieve stimulatie [EMDR with traumatized asylum seekers and refugees: difference in effectiveness between visual and auditory stimulation]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Objective: Recent studies suggest that eye movements are the most effective form of stimulation in EMDR, but this assertion is based primarily on studies using the general population. This study evaluated whether tones and eye movements in EMDR are equally effective in reducing symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression among asylum seekers and refugees, who are diagnosed with PTSD. As a control the entire EMDR condition was compared with a waiting list condition, who received no treatment. Method: In the present study 43 asylum seekers and refugees in the age of 20 to 73 years, who were indicated for treatment at Stichting Centrum ’45, participated. They were assigned to three different conditions: EMDR with eye movements, EMDR with tones or no treatment. The patients were not randomly assigned to the three conditions. Trauma symptoms were measured with the CAPS and HTQ and anxiety and depression symptoms with the HSCL-25. Results: Both tones and eye movements in EMDR lead to a reduction in symptoms of trauma, according to the HTQ. When trauma symptoms are reported according to the CAPS both conditions do not lead to a significant reduction in complaints. Concerning symptoms of anxiety and depression both conditions lead to a reduction in symptoms. Again there is no difference between tones and eye movements. It appears that EMDR is not significantly better in reducing symptoms of trauma, compared to the waiting list condition. Both EMDR and no treatment do not lead to a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression and there is no distinction between the conditions. Conclusion: Eye movements and tones lead to a significant reduction in symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression, but this reduction is insufficient compared to the control condition. This is probably due to the small sample size of the present study. The present study implies that the theory that eye movements are more effective than tones in EMDR may not be generalizable to a complex group of patients, namely asylum seekers and refugees diagnosed with PTSD.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers Auditory Stimulation Refugees Visual Stimulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

296. Withers, D. (2000, December). EMDR bilateral movement groups for children with ADHD. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(Special Edition), 11-13.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Using EMDR to treat children diagnosed with ADHD is challenging on many levels. Differentiating the effects of trauma versus pure ADHD or other diagnoses such as OCD, learning disabilities, and even autism is difficult at best because these symptoms could be present as the result of early trauma (Tinker, 1999). These experiences include birth trauma, illness, medical procedures and surgery as well as abuse or neglect (Becker, 2000). These children may be unintentionally further traumatized on a daily basis by parents, teachers, coaches and peers for missing social cues, being impulsive and disruptive and no paying attention or cooperating. They may not easily engage in therapy and tend to avoid new situations due to past failures and harbor negative views of themselves because of their belief that they somehow need to be “fixed.” These response could also be due to attachment disorders or to a “poor match” between temperament of parent and child (Bowlby, 1973).

Keywords: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

297. Staff. (2012, March 11). EMDR can help heal effects of trauma. Charlotte Sun, Port Charlotte, FL and Englewood Sun, FL.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
...her practice, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, or EMDR -- a psychotherapy for patients who need to resolve symptoms....

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: No

298. Francke, B. (2008, August). EMDR case studies. Presentation at the USMC Combat Operational Stress Control Conference, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is one of the most effective short term treatment approaches for trauma. The use of EMDR in the treatment of combat stress improves Marines’ and Sailors’ adaptive functioning, thus improving Mission Readiness. Research has shown a rapid decline in self reported distress after only one session of EMDR (Rogers, et al 1999). Additionally, 77.7% of combat veterans treated with EMDR no longer met criteria for PTSD (Carlson et al, 1998). Now more than ever effective short term treatment is available. This presentation will include several case studies highlighting the use of EMDR in treating combat stress symptoms.

Keywords: Case Studies Combat Stress Marines Mission Readiness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

299. Post, L. L. (2000, September). EMDR case study: Micronesia. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(3), 4-5.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
As a physician board-certified in Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine, Addiction Psychiatry, Sexology, Traumatology, and with credentials in Massage Therapy, EMDR, and as a Forensic Examiner, I have worked in almost every practice setting imaginable and with a broad variety of patients. Having been based from a hospital, community clinic, halfway-house residence, private office, Veterans Administration Medical Center, training institution, and doing outreach on the streets, I am clinically familiar with the behavioral challenges of children, adolescents, young adults, old adults, couples, families, and groups manifesting acute symptoms and exacerbations of chronic disorders, with and without chemical dependency, physical problems, and sociological impairments. I like to teach trainees, do interactive lectures, travel and experience ‘difference.’ It is thus that I have found myself a settled homeowner on Saipan, a Manhattan-sized island that, as part of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (U.S.), is the farthest-flung American overseas possession. Always the outsider; here among the various tan tones of complexion found among the indigenous of the western Pacific, I have experimented with several interventional strategies, both to establish rapport and some trust and also to start creating that unique and culturally competent treatment modality that will foster growth among my patients. Cognitive-behavioral approaches generally work better than insight-oriented ones because of the ‘here-and-now’ mindset of Chamorros, Carolinians, Yapese, Chukese, Pohnpeians, Kosraeans, and Filipinos who comprise the population base here. Let me briefly discuss one fascinating case. Twenty two year old Chamolinian woman, married and with three young children was involved in a minor motor vehicle accident. This accident was a spinoff of a more serious one primarily involving two other vehicles. In a large truck (Toyota T100), she was not hurt, and the two children riding with her were also unharmed.

Keywords: Case Study Micronesia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

300. Shapiro, F. (2007, November). EMDR clinical parameters and research findings: “What’s new and useful”. Master clinician series at the 23rd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress, Baltimore MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Numerous controlled studies have indicated that EMDR´s effects on PTSD symptoms are comparable to those of trauma-focused CBT. However, EMDR does not require homework, sustained arousal, detailed verbalization of the index trauma, or prolonged exposure to the event. In this invited presentation, videotapes of an incest survivor and a disaster victim will demonstrate the EMDR treatment, and the de-arousal effects of the eye movements, which have been documented in numerous controlled laboratory studies. In addition, the clinical procedures of an EMDR group-protocol used subsequent to disasters and terrorist attacks will be illustrated. The presentation will review research findings, with long-term follow up, indicating that the resolution of etiological events can result in the successful treatment of conditions that have often been considered intractable. A recent study will be used to explore the clinical parameters of the EMDR treatment of child molesters, which has resulted in the sustained reduction of deviant arousal. Likewise, representative case examples from studies documenting the elimination/ reduction of phantom limb pain subsequent to EMDR processing will be presented to explore both the clinical and theoretical implications.

Keywords: De-arousal Effects of Eye Movement Group Protocol Master Series

Accuracy Verified: Yes

301. St. André, É. (2010, Avril/Mai). EMDR dans le traitement d’un trouble obsessif compulsif: Une étude de cas [EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: A case study]. Atelier présenté à la réunion annuelle de l'EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Le trouble obsessif compulsif (TOC) est un trouble anxieux généralement chronique se présentant avec des obsessions récurrentes tel des idées persistantes, des images mentales et des compulsions (suivant les obsessions) tel des actes physiques ou mentaux répétitifs. Dans cet atelier, le médecin fournira des indications cliniques sur son utilisation de l’EMDR dans le traitement d’un patient souffrant de TOC, et donnera quelques exemples tirés de la pratique d’autres cliniciens, en sus d’une révision des notions de base utiles à la compréhension du TOC (théorie neurobiologiques, épidémiologie, etc.). La présentatrice tentera de souligner ce qu’il y a d’unique dans l’utilisation de l’EMDR dans le traitement de l’OCD, les difficultés rencontrées et les solutions utilisées dans ce cas précis. Elle décrira l’utilisation de la méthode de traitement standard en 8 étapes dans un cas spécifique, et dans les modalités de temps (passé, présent, futur), Nous verrons l’identification des cibles de traitement, et la gestion des symptômes de TOC qui entravent le fonctionnement quotidien des patients affectés. Nous verrons aussi les défis proposés par cette population, en clinique. Les participants pourront utiliser certaines stratégies dans un exercice pratique. (Tous les niveaux)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder typically presenting with chronic recurrent obsessions such persistent ideas, images and mental compulsions (as obsessions) as acts of physical or mental patterns. In this workshop, the doctor will provide information on clinical use of EMDR in treating a patient suffering from OCD, and provide some examples from the practice of other clinicians, in addition to a review of concepts useful background for understanding the TOC (theory neurobiology, epidemiology, etc..). The presenter will attempt to highlight what is unique in the use of EMDR in the treatment of OCD, the difficulties encountered and solutions used in this case. She will describe the use of the method of standard treatment in 8 steps in a specific case and in terms of time (past, present, future), we see the identification of treatment targets, and management of symptoms of OCD which hinder the daily operation of affected patients. We will also see the challenges offered by this population in clinical practice. Participants may use certain strategies in a practical exercise.

Keywords: Case Study Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

302. Pajusco, E. (2004, Ottobre). EMDR e CBT come terapia della rettocolite cronica ovvero di sintomi prettamente corporei. Un single-case report [EMDR and CBT as a treatment of chronic ulcerative or purely bodily symptoms. A single-case report] . Presentazione al XII Congresso Nazionale SITCC (Congresso Nazionale Società Italiana di Terapia Comportamentale e Cognitiva), Verona, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Keywords: Body Symptoms Ulcerations

Accuracy Verified: Yes

303. Terreri, L. (2005). EMDR e crisi d'astinenza [EMDR and withdrawal symptoms]. Bollettino per le Farmacodipendenze e l'Alcolismo del Ministero della Salute, 28(3/4), 25.

Language: Italian

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
L’EMDR (acronimo di Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) è un metodo clinico ben strutturato che può integrare i programmi terapeutici aumentandone l’efficacia. Francine Shapiro ha scoperto che alcuni tipi di stimolazione esterna possono aiutare molto efficacemente una persona a superare un evento traumatico o emotivamente disturbante. Il metodo utilizza principalmente i movimenti oculari prodotti in un paziente invitandolo a seguire il movimento della mano del terapeuta (ma anche altre forme di stimolazione destro/sinistra come, ad esempio, il tapping sulle mani). L’EMDR si basa sull’ipotesi che l’evento traumatico “congeli” l’informazione nella sua forma ansiogena originale, nello stesso modo in cui è stato vissuto. L’informazione bloccata, “congelata” nelle reti neurali, continua a provocare vari disturbi psicologici. Pensare ad un evento traumatico mentre contemporaneamente il paziente esegue determinati movimenti oculari, invece, genera l’effetto di riprendere o accelerare l’elaborazione dell’informazione. L’EMDR provoca una migliore comunicazione tra gli emisferi cerebrali ristabilendo l’equilibrio eccitatorio/inibitorio e permette il raggiungimento di una risoluzione adattiva, integrata in uno schema cognitivo ed emotivo positivo, dell’esperienza del paziente. Il metodo, quindi, permette una desensibilizzazione rapida dei ricordi traumatici e una ristrutturazione cognitiva che porta a una riduzione significativa dei sintomi del paziente.

EMDR (which stands for Eye Movement desensitization and Reprocessing) is a well-structured clinical method that can integrate treatment programs increasing effectiveness. Francine Shapiro discovered that certain of external stimulation can help most effectively a person to overcome a traumatic event or emotionally disturbing. The method mainly uses eye movements produced in a patient requesting to follow the movement of the hand therapist (But also other forms of stimulation right / left as, For example, tapping on your hands). EMDR is based on the assumption that the traumatic event "freeze" information anxiety in its original form, the same way it was lived. Information blocked "Frozen" in neural networks, continues to cause various psychological disorders. Think of a traumatic event simultaneously while the patient performs certain eye movements, however, creates the effect of return or accelerate the processing. EMDR leads to better communication between the hemispheres restoring brain balance excitatory / inhibitory and allows the achievement of adaptive resolution, embedded in a positive emotional and cognitive schema, experience of the patient. The method, therefore, allows a rapid desensitization of traumatic memories and a cognitive restructuring that leads to a reduction significant symptoms of the patient.

Keywords: Withdrawal Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

304. Gomes, G. F. B. (2012, Novembro). EMDR e cura sistêmica: A gestação de uma nova história de vida [EMDR and systemic cure: The gestation of a new life story]. In EMDR e visão sistêmica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objetivo: narrar a trajetória de uma cliente em relação a um trauma em específico, os desdobramentos deste, bem como os resultados do reprocessamento e sua abrangência no equilíbrio da ecologia de um sujeito tratado em duas sessões de EMDR. Pode-se afirmar que os sintomas são, em sua essência, um caminho que nos permite retornar ao evento chave, reprocessar a base traumática e a partir daí reescrever uma história saudável e, certamente, geradora de frutos em muitos níveis. O trabalho em questão apresentará a história de uma cliente que buscou a terapia com EMDR para reprocessar sua dificuldade de relacionamento com a irmã caçula. Fazia parte deste contexto, o acometimento da cliente em questão pela Doença de Crohn e Endometriose, além do desejo intenso de engravidar. Tendo-se definido o alvo, o trabalho com EMDR iniciou-se. Após duas sessões de reprocessamento, a cliente não só havia conseguido resolver a questão fraterna que lhe afligiu por 16 anos como, por meio de avaliação médica, constatou estar assintomática para o Crohn e com o processo de Endometriose sob controle. Ainda como possível desdobramento deste processo, o sujeito desta história pôde realizar um desejo muito especial: a gestação com a qual vinha sonhando. Após a compilação dos dados deste caso clínico, conclui-se que o EMDR é, em sua natureza, um tratamento orientado para o corpo, sendo a cura de um trauma efetivado somente quando se atinge o sistema como um todo em seus níveis fisiológico, neurológico e psicológico.

Objective: To narrate the story of a client in relation to a specific trauma, the ramifications of this, and the results of reprocessing and its coverage in the ecological balance of a subject treated in two sessions of EMDR. It can be said that the symptoms are, in essence, a way that allows us to return to the key event, reprocess the traumatic basis and from there to rewrite a story healthy and certainly generating fruit on many levels. The work in question will present the story of a client who sought therapy with EMDR to reprocess its difficult relationship with her younger sister. It was part of this context, the involvement of the client in question by Crohn's disease and endometriosis, besides the intense desire to become pregnant. Having set up the target work with EMDR started. After two sessions of reprocessing, the client had not only managed to solve the issue fraternal afflicted him for 16 years as a through medical evaluation, found to be asymptomatic for Crohn's and with the process of endometriosis under control. Yet as possible unfolding of this process, the subject of this story could make a very special wish: pregnancy with which had been dreaming. After compiling the data in this case study, it is concluded that EMDR is, in its nature, a treatment-oriented body, and the healing of trauma effected only when it reaches the system as a whole in their physiological levels, neurologic and psychological.

Keywords: Crohn's Disease Endometriosis Standard Protocol Systemic Cure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

305. Hartung, J. (2007, Novembero). EMDR e Psicologia de la Energía [EMDR and the psychology of energy]. Pós-Conferência presentación en el Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasilia, Brasil.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
John Hartung, Psy.D. tem trabalhado há mais de dez anos em 25 países como clínico e treinador de EMDR. Defende o uso do EMDR para eliminação de sintomas assim como para o aprimoramento do pensamento, emoções e comportamentos positivos. John tem observado que a aplicação do EMDR pode avançar se outras estratégias forem utilizadas em conjunto com EMDR, tais como aquelas idealizadas para a contenção de emoções intensas (“ab-reações”), que ocorrem freqüentemente no EMDR. Com o aumento da contenção emocional, certos riscos vinculados ao emprego do EMDR por profissionais também são reduzidos: 1) EMDR pode ser utilizado com populações mais vulneráveis e que tradicionalmente tem sido excluídas do tratamento com esta abordagem, e 2) os terapeutas têm menor relutância em expandir o seu alcance. Entre as estratégias e táticas a serem discutidas e apresentadas neste workshop estão: respiração terapêutica e parassimpática, treinamento em coerência cardíaca da tradição Heartmath, métodos baseados na medicina chinesa, e métodos especiais para o uso de estimulação bilateral do EMDR de forma mais lenta e menos intensa.

John Hartung, Psy.D. has worked for more ten years in 25 countries as an EMDR clinician and trainer. Advocates the use of EMDR for disposal of symptoms as well as for the improvement of thought, emotions and behaviors positive. John has observed that the application EMDR can move forward if other strategies are used in conjunction with EMDR, such as those envisioned for the containment of emotions intense ("ab-reactions") that occur frequently in EMDR. With increasing emotional restraint, certain risks linked to use of EMDR professionals are also reduced: 1) EMDR can be used with vulnerable populations and has traditionally been excluded from treatment with this approach, and 2) the therapists are less reluctant to expand their reach. Among the strategies and tactics to be discussed and presented in this workshop are: breathing therapy and parasympathetic training in cardiac coherence of tradition HeartMath, methods based in medicine Chinese, and special methods for the use of bilateral stimulation of EMDR more slow and less intense.

Keywords: Energy Psychology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

306. Hartung, J. (2007, Novembro). EMDR e psicologia positiva: Treinamento em resiliência, aprimoramento de desempenho e outros assuntos que nunca ouvimos na universidade [Positive psychology and EMDR: Training resilience, performance enhancement and other matters that we have never heard in the university]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
No treinamento profissional de um psicoterapeuta, tende-se a focalizar aquilo que está “errado” com clientes: psicopatologia, transtornos de ajustamento, categorias diagnósticas, mesmo abordagens de tratamento baseiam-se na premissa de que nossos clientes vêm nos ver apenas quando algo está errado com eles. O terapeuta, por sua vez, pode finalizar o trabalho depois que os sintomas foram corrigidos, ou ao menos reduzidos. Nos últimos anos, muitos terapeutas (e seus clientes) têm prestando atenção ao que está certo conosco; como podemos incrementar nossos recursos pessoais e nossas emoções positivas, com a finalidade de obter maiores benefícios para nós mesmos e os outros com quem convivemos.

In the professional training of an psychotherapist, tends to focus on what is "wrong" with customers: psychopathology, adjustment disorders, categories diagnostic, treatment approaches that based on the premise that our customers come see us only when something is wrong with them. The therapist, in turn, may end work after the symptoms have been corrected, or at least reduced. In recent years, many therapists (and their customers) are paying attention to what is right with us, as we increase our resources and our personal positive emotions, in order to obtain greater benefits for ourselves and others with whom we live.

Keywords: Positive Psychology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

307. Arnone, R., Orrico, A., D'Aquino, G., & Di Munzio, W. (2012, March-April). EMDR e terapia psicofarmacologica nel trattamento del disturbo da stress post-traumatico [EMDR and psychopharmacological therapy in the treatment of the post-traumatic stress disorder]. Rivista di Psichiatria, 47(2), 8-11. doi:10.1708/1071.11732 .

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Questo studio si propone di valutare l’efficacia di due diversi trattamenti nella cura del disturbo da stress post-traumatico (PTSD): la terapia psicofarmacologica, attraverso l’utilizzo di serotoninergici, e l’EMDR. Metodo. Sono stati utilizzati due gruppi indipendenti ai quali venivano somministrati due trattamenti differenti: il trattamento con sertralina per il gruppo assegnato alla terapia psicofarmacologica; il trattamento con sedute monosettimanali di EMDR per l’altro gruppo. Per la valutazione dei sintomi del PTSD è stata utilizzata la Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). L’assegnazione dei soggetti ai due gruppi è stata randomizzata. Risultati. I risultati confermano precedenti studi riportati in letteratura, evidenziando l’efficacia sia dell’EMDR sia della sertralina nel migliorare la sintomatologia post-traumatica e i livelli di sofferenza soggettiva. Tuttavia il numero di soggetti che al termine della condizione sperimentale non rientrava più nei criteri diagnostici del PTSD è risultato nettamente superiore nel gruppo trattato con EMDR. Conclusioni. Data la differenza nei due gruppi, a favore di quello trattato con EMDR, del numero di soggetti che possono essere considerati responder e che, come tali, non soddisfano più i criteri del PTSD al termine della condizione sperimentale, possiamo affermare che l’ipotesi per cui l’EMDR è un trattamento più efficace rispetto al trattamento psicofarmacologico è stata confermata. Questo dato potrebbe stimolare ricerche future con campioni più numerosi che indaghino anche l’efficacia a lungo termine.

This study evaluates the efficacy of two different treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the psychopharmacological therapy, with a SSRI drug, and EMDR. Method. Two indipendent groups have been administered two different treatments: the treatment with sertraline to the group for psychopharmacological therapy; the treatment with one-week sessions of EMDR to the other group. For the evaluation of the symptoms of PTSD has been used the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). The inclusion of the subjects in the two groups has been absolutely random. Results. The results confirm previous studies available in literature, pointing out the efficacy of EMDR and of sertraline in improving the post-traumatic symptomatology and the levels of subjective sufference. But the number of subjects which at the end of the study didn't satisfy any more the criteria for PTSD has been absolutely greater in the group treated with EMDR. Conclusions. The study confirms the hypothesis of EMDR as a more efficacious treatment for PTSD compared to psychopharmacological therapy. This result could be a stimolous for further research with greater groups to investigate also the long term efficacy.

Keywords: CAPS Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale Efficiacy PTSD, Sertraline

Accuracy Verified: Yes

308. Faretta, E. (2008, Novembre). EMDR e trattamento del disturbo di panico: Un protocollo specifico integrato [EMDR and the treatment of panic disorder: a specific protocol integrated]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nell’ambito degli studi sulle possibilità terapeutiche offerte dall’impiego dell’EMDR in diverse patologie si sono evidenziate delle prospettive interessanti in relazione agli interventi sui disturbi di panico, in grado di fornire una possibilità di lavoro terapeutico globale e completo focalizzato non solo sulla condizione presente e quindi sulla gestione degli attacchi di panico, ma anche sulla comprensione dinamica di tale disturbo. Facendo riferimento alla letteratura e ai resoconti che hanno supportato l’efficacia del-l’EMDR per il trattamento del Disturbo d’Attacchi di Panico (Feske & Goldstein, 1997; Goldstein & Feske, 1994; Nadler, 1996; Shapiro & Forrest, 1997) e dalla analisi ed applicazione del protocollo Whisman, è stato messo a punto, attraverso la personale pratica clinica, un preciso protocollo integrato per il trattamento del disturbo di panico secondo l’approccio EMDR. Facendo riferimento a questi studi, l’ipotesi di intervento dalla quale sono partita è quella che si basa sulla considerazione che l’attacco di panico può rappresentare un evento traumatico di per sé e che quindi il lavoro clinico proposto, seguendo l’approccio EMDR, risulta efficace per desensibilizzare e rielaborare convinzioni, comportamenti, emozioni e sensazioni corporee legate alla paura fino a farle rientrare all’interno di un sistema di convinzioni più gestibile, in modo da permettere al paziente di affrontare le situazioni precedentemente temute e quindi evitate. In questo workshop vengono presentate le modalità di applicazione nel disturbo panico in relazione alle 8 fasi di lavoro dell’approccio EMDR, facendo riferimento ai casi clinici e quindi ad esperienze pratiche derivanti dal personale lavoro terapeutico. Da qui vengono fornite le linee per la strutturazione dello specifico piano di trattamento, secondo un protocollo di lavoro, appositamente elaborato, che conduce, passo dopo passo, all’applicazione del progetto terapeutico Il protocollo di lavoro presentato si focalizza sulla rielaborazione degli attacchi di panico e quindi sulla gestione della sintomatologia caratteristica di questo disturbo. Fornisce, inoltre, indicazioni per effettuare un’attenta anamnesi, che permetta al terapeuta di predisporre un adeguato piano di individuazione e di rielaborazione dei fattori precipitanti e delle esperienze traumatiche pregresse della storia personale del paziente sin dall’infanzia, che possono costituire la base emotiva sulla quale può instaurarsi, in particolari circostanze, la sintomatologia del DAP. Si tratta di eventi stressanti o traumatici del passato sui quali risulta indispensabile un lavoro di rielaborazione al fine di far emergere possibili capacità e comportamenti adattivi per realizzare azioni future adeguate.

As part of studies into the therapeutic possibilities offered by EMDR in various diseases appear to be any interesting perspectives in relation to work on problems panic, unable to provide an opportunity for therapeutic work focused global and comprehensive not only on the present condition and therefore on the management of panic attacks, but also on dynamic understanding of the disorder. Referring to the literature and the reports that have supported the efficacy of on-l'EMDR the treatment of Panic Disorder (FESK & Goldstein, 1997; FESK & Goldstein, 1994; Nadler, 1996, Shapiro & Forrest, 1997) and the analysis and application of the protocol Whisman, was developed through personal clinical practice, a precise protocol integrated treatment of panic disorder according to the EMDR approach. Referring to these studies, the possibility of intervention from which game is the one based on the consideration that the panic attack can be a traumatic event in itself and therefore the clinical work proposed, following the approach EMDR, is effective for desensitize and reprocess beliefs, behaviors, emotions and body sensations associated fear until they fall within a belief system more manageable, so allow the patient to deal with situations previously feared and avoided. In this workshop presents the detailed rules in panic disorder report at 8 phases of EMDR work of the approach, referring to clinical cases and then practical experiences arising from personal therapeutic work. From here, we provide the guidelines for the structuring of a specific treatment, according a working protocol, specially developed, which leads, step by step, application therapeutic project the protocol of work presented focuses on the recasting of panic attacks and then the management of symptoms characteristic of this disorder. Also provides instructions for making a careful medical history, which allows the therapist to prepare an adequate plan for the identification and revision of precipitating factors and past traumatic experiences of the patient's personal history from childhood, which may form the emotional basis on which it can establish, in certain circumstances, symptoms of CAD. It is stressful or traumatic events of the past on which it is essential work of reworking in order to identify possible skills and adaptive behaviors to achieve appropriate future action.

Keywords: Panic Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

309. Tonetti, F. (2008, Novembre). EMDR e trauma complesso in adolescente [EMDR and trauma in adolescents complex]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
N. è stata portata in Italia a 14 anni con l’illusione di lavorare come baby sitter, finisce invece vittima dello sfruttamento sessuale organizzato e per circa un anno subisce violenze sessuali, fisiche e psicologiche. Con forza e coraggio notevoli, riesce a fuggire, nuda, da un’auto dove stava subendo l’ennesima violenza. Ha gravi lesioni sul corpo, viene soccorsa e portata in ospedale, dove decide di denunciare i suoi vittimizzatori. Il caso finisce alla Procura del Tribunale per i Minorenni e N. viene collocata, sotto falso nome, in una comunità. Il mio primo contatto con la ragazza avviene quando ha 16 anni ed è in comunità da cinque mesi. Presenta ancora i sintomi invadenti del PTSD: flashback, incubi, panico, pensieri ossessivi, isolamento, distacco emotivo che a volte la fa apparire molto calma, sovreccitazione. Non sa controllare gli impulsi e regolare le emozioni: passa dalla rabbia, che sfoga picchiando pugni contro il muro fino a ferirsi o spaccando tutto ciò che le capita sotto mano, alla eccitazione, alla depressione con sentimenti di inutilità a vivere, di colpa e di vergogna (sintomi di PTSD Complesso). Propongo e spiego da subito l’EMDR ritenendo che sia l’unico approccio terapeutico utile; stabiliamo piano terapeutico e N. esprime il suo consenso al trattamento. Particolare attenzione, data la problematicità, alla fase di preparazione e stabilizzazione. Nell’anamnesi emerge primo trauma a 10 anni, prima ricorda di essersi sentita amata e protetta. Rafforzo queste esperienze positive che diventano risorse in suo possesso. Fondamentale si rivela la psicoeducazione sui disturbi: N. accoglie con sollievo l’idea che non è “pazza” o “indemoniata” ma solo traumatizzata. Immaginiamo comportamenti alternativi per esprimere le emozioni e strategie di coping. Posto al Sicuro: servono due sedute per stabilizzare e installare il posto al sicuro. Il protocollo EMDR sarà applicato fedelmente nelle sue fasi; i target del passato affrontati in ordine cronologico. N. è sempre partita da 1 nella scala VoC e da 10 nella SUD; ha concluso tutte le sedute con SUD: 0 e VoC: 6 /7. Ha avuto abreazioni e una volta ha chiesto di fermarsi: la NC era”sto per morire”. Sono stati raggiunti, dopo 10 mesi di terapia, gli obiettivi del piano terapeutico: la sintomatologia post-traumatica si è risolta dopo otto sedute.

No was taken to Italy 14 years with the illusion of working as a babysitter, instead ends up a victim of sexual exploitation and organized for about a year suffer sexual violence, physical and psychological. With remarkable courage and strength, manages to escape, naked, from where a car was undergoing yet another violence. He has serious injuries on the body, is rescued and taken to hospital, where he decides to denounce his victimization. The event ends at the General Prosecutor of the Juvenile Court and N. is placed under a false name, in a community. My first contact with the girl when she is 16 years and is shared by five months. Still has the intrusive symptoms of PTSD: flashbacks, nightmares, panic, obsessive thoughts, isolation, emotional detachment that sometimes makes it appear very calm, excitement. Can not control impulses and regulate emotions: anger passes, which unleashed banging his fists against the wall until injury or cracking everything that happens at hand, the excitement, depression with feelings of futility in life, guilt and shame (symptoms of complex PTSD). Propose and explain EMDR now believing it is the only therapeutic approach useful, we establish a treatment plan and N. expresses its consent to treatment. Particular attention, given the problematic, the preparation and stabilization. Nell'anamnesi apparent trauma to the first 10 years, first recalls that she felt loved and protected. Reinforces these positive experiences that become resources in their possession. Reveals the basic psychoeducation about the disorder: No welcomes with relief the idea that is not "mad" or "possessed" but traumatized. Imagine alternative behaviors to express emotions and coping strategies. Safe place: it takes two sessions to stabilize and secure way to install. The EMDR protocol is applied faithfully in its early stages, the targets of the past dealt with in chronological order. No always started from a ladder in VOC and 10 in South, has completed all the sessions with SUD: 0 and VOC: 6 / 7. Abreactions and had once asked to stop: the NC was "I am going to die." Were achieved after 10 months of therapy, the goals of treatment plan: post-traumatic symptoms resolved after eight sessions.

Keywords: Adolescents Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

310. Dautovic, E., Aldenkamp, E., & Rodenburg, R. (2012, June). EMDR effectiveness in adults with PTSD and an intellectual disability: A case series [La efectividad del EMDR en adultos con una discapacidad intelectual y TEPT: Series de casos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Background People with an intellectual disability (ID) have an increased vulnerability for abuse and assault, and subsequently an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The prevalence of PTSD is found to be significantly higher in people with intellectual disabilities than in people without disabilities. Eye movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has proved to be an effective PTSD treatment in people without ID. EMDR is widely used in treating people with ID, while research into the effectiveness of EMDR in individuals with an ID is very scarce. Therefore more research is necessary to speak of EMDR being an evidence-based trauma treatment for this specific population. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treating PTSD in adults with an ID. The effects of the treatment on anxiety, symptoms of depression, and quality of life were also investigated. Methods From September 2010 till december 2012, adults with an ID, diagnosed with PTSD and treated with EMDR, were included in the study. Before and after treatment questionnaires were completed by the participants. Normative deviation scores (NDS) were calculated to estimate the condition of the participant before and after treatment compared to the non-disabled population. The Reliable Change Index (RCI) was used to establish statistically significant change due to treatment. Preliminary results Primarily, a significant change in PTSD symptoms, from clinical to non-clinical levels, is found. Secondarily, co-morbid anxiety and depression complaints are detected, which decline after treatment with EMDR. In addition, an increase in wellbeing in the participants is found. Conclusion From the preliminary results EMDR seems an effective treatment for PTSD in adults with an ID. However, for calculations are still being conducted, the final results and conclusions will be presented at the conference

La población con una discapacidad intelectual, tiene un riesgo mayor de vulnerabilidad para el abuso y el asalto, y por tanto un aumento en el riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno de estrés post-‐traumático (TEPT). La prevalencia del TEPT es significativamente mayor en personas con retraso mental que en personas sin este tipo de discapacidad. El EMDR ha sido mostrado como efectivo en el tratamiento del TEPT en personas sin discapacidad intelectual. EDMR es ampliamente usado en el tratamiento de personas con discapacidad intelectual, mientras tanto la investigación en la efectividad del EMDR en personas con discapacidad intelectual es muy escasa. Consecuentemente mas investigaciones son necesarias para hablar de EMDR siendo un tratamiento valido para el trauma en esta población especifica. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la eficacia del reprocesamiento por movimiento oculares (EMDR) en el tratamiento del TEPT en adultos con una deficiencia mental. Los efectos de este tratamiento en ansiedad, síntomas de depresión y calidad de vida fueron también investigados. Desde Septiembre de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2012, los adultos con una deficiencia mental, fueron diagnosticados de TEPT y tratados con EMDR, fueron incluidos en este estudio. Se pasaron cuestionarios pre y post tratamiento a los participantes. Las puntuaciones de desviación típica fueron calculadas para estimar la condición del participante antes y después del tratamiento comparada con la población sin discapacidad. El índice de cambio real (RCI) fue utilizado para establecer de manera estadísticamente significativa el cambio debido al tratamiento. Los resultados preliminares, muestran un cambio significativo en el los síntomas del TEPT, en niveles clínicos y no clínicos. De manera secundaria, quejas de comorbilidad con ansiedad y depresión fueron detectadas que disminuyeron tras el tratamiento con EMDR. Además, un incremento en el bienestar de los participantes fue encontrado. La conclusión de estos datos preliminares es que el EMDR parece ser un tratamiento efectivo para el TEPT en adultos con una discapacidad intelectual. Sin embargo, los cálculos aún están siendo analizados, los resultados finales y las conclusiones serán presentadas en la conferencia.

Keywords: Adults Intellectual Disability Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

311. Huson, N., & van Wijk, K. (2001). EMDR en non-specifieke motivering: Een casuistisch verhaal [EMDR and non-specific reasons: A casuistic story]. Directieve Therapie, 21(3), 102-106. doi:10.1007/BF03060259.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Dit artikel beschrijft het bewust gebruikmaken van non-specifieke factoren en suggesties bij de behandeling met Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing van een vrouw met hardnekkige somatoforme klachten.

This article describes the deliberate use of non-specific factors and suggestions in dealing with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing of a woman with persistent somatoform symptoms.

Keywords: Non-specific Factors Somatoform Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

312. Rijnders, H. (2006, November). EMDR en schemagerichte therapie: Casusconceptualisate en traumatische kernervaringen [EMDR and schema-focused therapy: Heart and traumatic experiences case conceptilization]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In deze presentatie zal een conceptueel model gepresenteerd worden voor het vinden van de kerntraumatische ervaringen( targets) die aan de basis liggen van de schema’s van Young. Er zal kort worden ingegaan op de theorie van de schemagerichte therapie van Jeffrey Young. De belangrijkste schema’s in zijn model zullen worden besproken die in veel gevallen verantwoordelijk zijn voor de persoonlijkheidsproblematiek en complexe ptss klachten waar wij als behandelaars mee kunnen worden geconfronteerd. Daarnaast hoe met behulp van het emdr standaard protocol de targets worden opgespoord die ten grondslag kunnen liggen aan de eerdergenoemde schema’s of valkuilen.Het zijn deze traumatische ervaringen die later in de behandeling zullen moeten worden gedesensitiseerd. De integratieve psychotherapeutische behandeling van persoonlijkheidsproblematiek en complexe ptss klachten gaat uit van een fasengericht traumamodel. Het thema tijdens deze presentatie omvat een belangrijk onderdeel van deze behandelingswijze. Het biedt de behandelaar zowel als de cliënt(e) inzicht in de ontwikkelingspsychologische aspecten van de klachten en kan extra motiverend werken voor langer durende behandelingen. Interessant is hoe de voorgestelde cognitieve domeinen van Eric ten Broeke en Ad de Jongh een belangrijk hulpmiddel zijn bij het vinden van de correcte NC’s en PC’s bij bovengenoemde problematiek. De schemagerichte therapie van Young heeft op basis van recent wetenschappelijk onderzoek bewezen een van de meest effectieve behandelvormen te zijn bij ingrijpende persoonlijkheidsproblematiek. De emdr therapie van Shapiro wordt door onderzoek voortdurend genoemd als een van de meest effektieve behandelvormen bij acuut trauma. Experimenteel wordt emdr nu ook aangewend bij complex trauma. Samen vormen zij een gouden duo. Deze presentatie lijkt geschikt voor beginnende emdr therapeuten die zich meer willen gaan bezighouden met complex trauma en persoonlijkheidsproblematiek. Voor gevorderde therapeuten is de presentatie een platform voor discussie aangezien vele wegen naar Rome leiden. Een en ander zal worden toegelicht met casuïstiek en mogelijk met videobeelden.

This presentation will be presented a conceptual model for Finding the key traumatic experiences (targets) that form the basis of the diagrams of Young. It will briefly examine the theory of schema-focused therapy by Jeffrey Young. The main schemes in his model will be discussed in many cases responsible for PTSD complex personality problems and complaints that we clinicians may be faced with. In addition, how to use the EMDR standard protocol targets are identified that may underlie the aforementioned schedules or valkuilen. These traumatic experiences will be desensitized later in treatment. The integrative psychotherapy of personality problems and complex PTSD symptoms is based on a phase oriented trauma model. The theme of this presentation includes an important component of this treatment method. It provides both the therapist and client (e) understanding of the developmental aspects of the complaint and may provide additional motivation to work for longer term treatments. It is interesting how the proposed cognitive domains of Eric ten Broeke and Ad de Jongh an important tool in finding the correct NCs and PCs to the abovementioned issues. The schema-focused therapy for Young, based on recent scientific study proved one of the most effective forms of treatment to be for major personality problems. The EMDR therapy research by Shapiro constantly mentioned as one of the most effective forms of treatment in acute trauma. EMDR is now used experimentally to complex trauma. Together they form a golden combination. This presentation appears to be suitable for beginning EMDR therapists who want to deal with complex trauma and personality problems. For experienced therapists, presenting a platform for discussion, since many roads lead to Rome. This will be illustrated by case studies and possibly video.

Keywords: Schema Focused Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

313. van Rood, Y., & de Roos, C. (2012, March). EMDR en somatisch onvoldoende verklaarde lichamelijke klachten (SOLK)[EMDR and Somatic insufficiently explained physical complaints (SOLK)]. Presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Somatisch onvoldoende verklaarde lichamelijke klachten (SOLK) zijn lichamelijke klachten die niet - of niet geheel - verklaard worden door een bekende ziekte bijvoorbeeld chronische pijn, tinnitus, chronische vermoeidheid, conversie- of prikkelbare darm klachten. Wanneer de beperkingen als gevolg van de lichamelijke klachten aanzienlijk zijn en/of er sprake is van aanzienlijk lijden dan is er sprake van een somatoforme stoornis volgens de DSM-IV. Er zijn aanwijzingen dat traumatische ervaringen een rol kunnen spelen bij het ontstaan van SOLK en somatoforme stoornissen. Onverwerkte traumatische herinneringen kunnen daarnaast ook een rol spelen bij het in stand houden van SOLK (van Rood en de Roos, in druk). Uit een systematische review van de beschikbare studies blijkt dat EMDR een effectieve behandeling kan zijn voor SOLK als de lichamelijke klachten trauma gerelateerd zijn (van Rood en de Roos 2009). In deze workshop wordt aan de hand van een diagnostisch model voor SOLK (het gevolgenmodel) geïllustreerd welke rol traumatische herinneringen kunnen spelen bij het in stand houden van een SOLK en hoe dit zich verhoudt tot de rol van de andere in stand houdende gevolgen. Aansluitend zullen er drie tot vijf casussen van workshopdeelnemers centraal worden besproken. Hiervoor vragen we u om voor 1 maart 2012 een e-mail te sturen met een korte casus beschrijving en uw vragen naar yrvanrood@lumc.nl of cderoos@ggzkinderenenjeugd.nl o.v.v. VEN congres 2012 Uit de inzendingen zal een selectie worden gemaakt voor de workshop eventueel met videofragmenten wanneer de vraag betrekking heeft op toepassing van het EMDR protocol.

Somatic insufficiently explained physical complaints (SOLK) are physical symptoms that are not - or not entirely - be explained by a disease known as chronic pain, tinnitus, chronic fatigue, conversion or irritable bowel symptoms. When the limitations due to physical problems are significant and / or there is considerable suffering than there is a somatoform disorder according to DSM-IV. There is evidence that traumatic experiences may play a role in causing SOLK and somatoform disorders. Unprocessed traumatic memories can also play a role in the maintenance of SOLK (of Red and the Rose, in press). A systematic review of the available studies show that EMDR is an effective treatment for SOLK as physical trauma related symptoms (of the Red and Rose 2009). This workshop is based on a diagnostic model for SOLK (the consequence model) illustrated the role that traumatic memories can play in maintaining a SOLK and how this relates to the role of the other sustaining effects. Afterwards there will be three to five cases of central workshop participants are discussed. For this we ask you to 1 March 2012 e-mail with a brief case study and your questions or yrvanrood@lumc.nl cderoos@ggzkinderenenjeugd.nl stating VEN 2012 congress will be a selection from the submissions made for the workshop, possibly with video clips when the question relates to application of the EMDR.

Keywords: SOLK Somatic Insufficiently Explained Physical Complaints

Accuracy Verified: Yes

314. Maiberger, B. (2009). EMDR essentials: A guide for clients and therapists. New York: W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
1)In easy-to-understand terms, Barb Maiberger explains EMDR to clients and, in turn, equips clinicians with a shorthand way of explaining it to their own patients. Topics include understanding trauma and its symptoms, how and why EMDR works (and when it won't), how to find the right therapist, and sample relaxation exercises. 2)This book discusses eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Part I explains EMDR, the phases involved in treatment, the nature of trauma and its effect on memory. Theories about why EMDR works, how it can work for children, and safety issues are addressed. Part II provides illustrations from the author's experiences as an EMDR therapist, presenting client issues and how EMDR helped them. The author notes that the purpose of this book is to inform potential EMDR clients what to expect from EMDR therapy and how it may help in trauma healing. (PsycINFO Database)

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

315. Kavakcı, Ö, Kaptanoğlu, E., Kuğu, N., & Doğan, ). (2010). EMDR fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek olabilir mi? Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme [EMDR: A new choice of treatment in fibromyalgia? A review and report of a case presentation]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(3), 143-151.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Fibromiyalji Sendromu (FMS) etyolojisi belli olmayan yaygın vücut ağrıları, belirli anatomik bölgelerde hassasiyet, azalmış ağrı eşiği, uyku bozuklukları, yorgunluk ve sıklıkla psikolojik sıkıntı ile karakterize eklem dışı romatizmal bir hastalıktır. FMS'de psikiyatrik komorbidite yüksektir ve son zamanlarda FMS ve psikolojik travma ilişkisini gösteren yayınlar artmaktadır. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı psikolojik travmaya yönelik bir tedavinin FMS'nin belirtilerini yatıştırıp yatıştırmayacağını değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon (FTR) kliniğinden ilaç tedavisine iyi yanıt vermemiş FMS tanısı konulan bir hastada önce travma yaşantısı olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiş, ardından saptanan travmalarına yönelik göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) uygulanmıştır. Hasta; Beş yıldır şikâyetleri olan 34 yaşında, evli, kadın, ilaç kullanmıyor. Visuel Ağrı Skalasında (VAS) ağrı düzeyi 9-10, hassas nokta sayısı 15/18 olarak belirlendi. Beck Depresyon Ölçeği puanı (BDÖ) 22 ve Foa Travma Değerlendirme Ölçeği (TDÖ) puanı 41 olarak saptandı. EMDR tedavisi sonrasında; VAS 3, hassas nokta sayısı 11/18, TDÖ 6, BDÖ puanı 2 olarak bulundu. Hastanın 3 ve 6 aylık takipte iyilik halinin sürdüğü tespit edildi.Bu olgunun travmalarına yönelik tedavi uygulanması sonrasında hem psikiyatrik hem de somatik yakınmalarında belirgin düzelme görülmüş ve bu iyileşmenin olası mekanizmaları tartışılmıştır. FMS'li olgularda travmatik deneyimlerin aranması ve EMDR veya başka travma yönelimli yaklaşımların uygulanması olumlu sonuçlar verebilir.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic disease with unknown etiology and is characterized by widespread pain, increased tenderness in some anatomical regions, increased pain sensitivity, sleep disorders, fatigue and frequently by psychological distress. Psychiatric comorbidity is high in FMS and reports denoting to relationship of FMS and psychologial trauma have increased recently. We aimed to assess whether or not a treatment modality concerning trauma can alleviate symptoms of FMS. One of the FMS patients who was admitted to the outpatient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was randomly assigned to the present study. After that, assessed whether patients's traumatic experiences, and the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy was performed to the patient. A thirty-four year old female married patient, had symptoms of FMS for five years. She was not on any medication. Intensity of her pain was identfied as 10 by visuel analog scale (VAS), tender point count was 15 out of 18 and the scores of Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and The Post Traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) were 22 and 41, respectively. After the EMDR treatment VAS score was 3, tender point count was 11 and the scores of BDS and PDS were 2 and 6, respectively. The recovery was sustained at the 3rd and 6th months of follow up. In this case, we observed amelioration in both psychiatric and somatic symptoms of the patient after EMDR therapy and we discussed the possible mechanisms of this recovery. Searching for traumatic experiences and treating those traumas in FMS patients by EMDR or similar methods may result in favourable results.

Keywords: Fibromyalgia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

316. Kavakcı, O., Kaptanoğlu, E., Kugu, N., & Dogan, O. (2010). EMDR fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek olabilir mi? Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme [EMDR: A new choice of treatment in fibromyalgia? A review and report of a case presentation]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(3), 143-151.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Fibromiyalji Sendromu (FMS) etyolojisi belli olmayan yaygýn vücut aðrýlarý, belirli anatomik bölgelerde hassasiyet, azalmýþ aðrý eþiði, uyku bozukluklarý, yorgunluk ve sýklýkla psikolojik sýkýntý ile karakterize eklem dýþý romatizmal bir hastalýktýr. FMS'de psikiyatrik komorbidite yüksektir ve son zamanlarda FMS ve psikolojik travma iliþkisini gösteren yayýnlar artmaktadýr. Bu olgu sunumunun amacý psikolojik travmaya yönelik bir tedavinin FMS'nin belirtilerini yatýþtýrýp yatýþtýrmayacaðýný deðerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doðrultusunda Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon (FTR) kliniðinden ilaç tedavisine iyi yanýt vermemiþ FMS tanýsý konulan bir hastada önce travma yaþantýsý olup olmadýðý deðerlendirilmiþ, ardýndan saptanan travmalarýna yönelik göz hareketleriyle duyarsýzlaþtýrma ve yeniden iþleme (EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) uygulanmýþtýr. Hasta; Beþ yýldýr þikâyetleri olan 34 yaþýnda, evli, kadýn, ilaç kullanmýyor. Visuel Aðrý Skalasýnda (VAS) aðrý düzeyi 9-10, hassas nokta sayýsý 15/18 olarak belirlendi. Beck Depresyon Ölçeði puaný (BDÖ) 22 ve Foa Travma Deðerlendirme Ölçeði (TDÖ) puaný 41 olarak saptandý. EMDR tedavisi sonrasýnda; VAS 3, hassas nokta sayýsý 11/18, TDÖ 6, BDÖ puaný 2 olarak bulundu. Hastanýn 3 ve 6 aylýk takipte iyilik halinin sürdüðü tespit edildi.Bu olgunun travmalarýna yönelik tedavi uygulanmasý sonrasýnda hem psikiyatrik hem de somatik yakýnmalarýnda belirgin düzelme görülmüþ ve bu iyileþmenin olasý mekanizmalarý tartýþýlmýþtýr. FMS'li olgularda travmatik deneyimlerin aranmasý ve EMDR veya baþka travma yönelimli yaklaþýmlarýn uygulanmasý olumlu sonuçlar verebilir.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic disease with unknown etiology and is characterized by widespread pain, increased tenderness in some anatomical regions, increased pain sensitivity, sleep disorders, fatigue and frequently by psychological distress. Psychiatric comorbidity is high in FMS and reports denoting to relationship of FMS and psychologial trauma have increased recently. We aimed to assess whether or not a treatment modality concerning trauma can alleviate symptoms of FMS. One of the FMS patients who was admitted to the outpatient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was randomly assigned to the present study. After that, assessed whether patients's traumatic experiences, and the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy was performed to the patient. A thirty-four year old female married patient, had symptoms of FMS for five years. She was not on any medication. Intensity of her pain was identfied as 10 by visuel analog scale (VAS), tender point count was 15 out of 18 and the scores of Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and The Post Traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) were 22 and 41, respectively. After the EMDR treatment VAS score was 3, tender point count was 11 and the scores of BDS and PDS were 2 and 6, respectively. The recovery was sustained at the 3rd and 6th months of follow up. In this case, we observed amelioration in both psychiatric and somatic symptoms of the patient after EMDR therapy and we discussed the possible mechanisms of this recovery. Searching for traumatic experiences and treating those traumas in FMS patients by EMDR or similar methods may result in favourable results.

Keywords: Fibromyalgia Psychotherapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

317. Kavakci, O., Kaptanoğlu, E., Kugu, N., & Dogan, O. (2010). EMDR fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek olabilir mi? Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme [EMDR: A new choice of treatment in fibromyalgia? A review and report of a case presentation]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi [The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry], 13(3), 2010. pp. 143-151.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Keywords: Fibromyalgia Psychotherapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

318. Meignant, M. (2012, April). EMDR for a child (EMDR training on the River Kwai). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
During the EMDR training session, organized in Thailand by Trauma-Aid, HAP Germany and «Terre des Hommes» Germany , psychologist, Dagmar Eckers treated a young Indonesian boy called Ooz, who suffered from the Tsunami. His symptoms showed nightmares and a lack of concentration. This documentary film presents two sessions of EMDR on the 10 year-old child. It also shows the efforts of the EMDR trainers who, with the help of charitable organizations, trained the Burmese, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and Thai therapists to become autonomous in practicing and teaching EMDR.
Learning objectives: 1. How to use EMDR to relieve the traumatic consequences of a disaster 2.The use of EMDR with a child in a different social and cultural setting. (the 8 phases of EMDR in this context)

Keywords: Children River Kwai Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

319. Waters, F. S., & Adler-Tapia, R. (2009, November). EMDR for children with trauma and dissociation: Case conceptualization from stabilization to integration. Presentation at the 26th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Washington, DC .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This workshop initially will review the 8 phase EMDR protocol for implementation with severely traumatized and dissociative children and provide advanced skills utilizing the EMDR protocol with this population. The 8 phase EMDR protocol will be described. Therapeutic challenges for therapists in implementing this protocol with young children with complex trauma will be explored with recommendations for clinicians on how to provide efficacious treatment to children. Each phase of the protocol will be discussed identifying specific goals and specialized interventions presented with linguistic sensitivity to maintain adherence to the EMDR protocol with young children. Client History and Treatment Planning Phase, and the Preparation Phase of the EMDR Protocol will be detailed. The assessment of dissociation in young children will include recommendations for specific assessment tools. Stabilization skills for helping children address the phobic response to reprocessing traumatic events with mastery and resourcing while learning self-soothing and calming techniques will be demonstrated. Innovative and creative interventions integrating play and art therapy will be presented with child friendly language using the protocol sequence for effective treatment with children. In addition, adjustments to the EMDR protocol through the trauma processing phases, including integration, will be described and demonstrated with case presentations and videos. Creatively maneuvering these phases with children who display dissociative symptoms will be explored with recommendations for the successful implementation of the protocol throughout the healing process

Keywords: Case Conceptualization Children Dissociation Stabilization Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

320. Arabia, E., Manca, M. L., & Solomon, R. M. (2011). EMDR for survivors of life-threatening cardiac events: Results of a pilot study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(1), 2-13. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.1.2.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and concomitant depressive and anxiety symptoms in survivors of life-threatening cardiac events. Forty-two patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation who (a) qualified for the PTSD criterion “A” in relation to a cardiac event and (b) presented clinically significant PTSD symptoms were randomized to a 4-week treatment of EMDR or imaginal exposure (IE). Data were gathered on PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up. EMDR was effective in reducing PTSD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms and performed significantly better than IE for all variables. These findings provide preliminary support for EMDR as an effective treatment for the symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety that can follow a life-threatening cardiac event.

Keywords: Anxiety Cardiovascular Disease Depression Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rehabilitation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

321. Kim, D. (2010, July). EMDR for the treatment of schizophrenia. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Despite standard treatment with antipsychotic medication, many individuals with schizophrenia continue to suffer from significant residual symptoms and functional disabilities. Thus, psychosocial treatment for this difficult-to-treat disorder is warranted. Given the high prevalence of trauma in this population, role of life events, and stressful treatment-related adversities, EMDR is suggested to have an important place in the treatment and management of schizophrenia. This presentation will first provide the background of using EMDR for this population, then, procedural considerations. Finally, two case reports and results of a randomized clinical trial done with acute phase schizophrenia will be demonstrated.

Keywords: Schizophrenia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

322. Shapiro, F., & Broderson, G. (1997). EMDR for trauma: Eye movement desenitization and reprocessing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a complex treatment approach that combines salient elements of the major therapeutic schools (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and interactional). Although the eye movement stimulation (and other forms of dual stimulation used in the approach) have garnered the most attention professionally and publicly, EMDR actually involves a much broader spectrum of interventions, which are organized into eight phases of therapy. Currently, 13 completed controlled studies of EMDR make it one of the most researched methods of psychotherapy used in the treatment of trauma. Its efficacy has been supported by these studies: the four most recent studies of victims who have suffered single traumas have demonstrated that after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions, 84% to 90% of patients no longer have symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Rothbaum, 1997; Wilson, Becker, & Tinker, 1995).
EMDR is based on the assumption that specific experiences from the past continue to guide the client`s responses in the present. These experiences can be the "big T" traumas that result in PTSD or the "small t" traumas that are the ubiquitous experiences known to have a less dramatic but still negative impact on personality and behavior.
To influence such experiences from the past, EMDR draws on an information processing model of behavior. Conceptually, disturbing trauma-related information is believed to be held in the patient`s nervous system in state-dependent form (e.g., the perceptions and sensations experienced at the time of the trauma are encoded in the nervous system). EMDR allows the processing of this information in an adaptive fashion so that what is useful from the experience can be learned; stored appropriately, cognitively, and affectively; and made available for behavioral guidance in the future. What is useless to adaptation, such as excess negative emotions, irrational self-assessments, and disturbing physical sensations, can be discarded.
Assessment is focused not on global diagnoses but rather on specific delineations of problematic behaviors, attitudes, and affects that need to be transmuted to allow for adaptive resolution of trauma or conflict. Specifically, the EMDR clinician asks, what is the patient being influenced by past experiences to do in the present that is dysfunctional and what is he or she prevented from doing that would be adaptive?
Although originally applied to PTSD, EMDR shows promise in a variety of clinical complaints that are based on earlier life experiences that underlie the pathology and current experiences and that restimulate the disturbance. EMDR allows clients to access and reprocess these experiences as well as to learn new skills and behaviors for managing future life events. In all cases, the goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while helping the client to remain reasonably stable.
EMDR as an eight-phase intervention approach can be considered a complete treatment in some clinical cases, or it may be part of a more complex treatment plan that includes other more traditional approaches to treating a specific pathology (e.g., borderline personality disorder). Within this latter integrative context, EMDR appears to be useful for a broad range of clinical complaints and seems to provide more rapid achievement of positive treatment effects than do these more traditional approaches alone.
Dr. Shapiro identifies her approach as "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing." What does this imply to you? More specifically, what do you expect of her? Will Dr. Shapiro be active or passive? Will the session be structured or unstructured? Directive or nondirective? Will it focus on the past or on the present? Will the session focus on behaviors, on thoughts, or on feelings? What do you expect to be the relative balance between attention to technique versus the interpersonal interaction?

Keywords: Client Francine Shapiro Male

Accuracy Verified: Yes

323. Amann, B. (2012, June). EMDR in bipolar disorder: Results of a randomized, controlled pilot study [EMDR en el Trastorno Bipolar: Resultados de una muestra aleatoria, estudio piloto controlado]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There is increasing evidence about bipolar patients are more exposed than general population to negative life events and PTSD. This has consequences on the illness course being associated with more relapses and subsyndromal symptoms within affective episodes. We conducted the first controlled, randomized study of EMDR versus treatment as usual in 20 bipolar, subsyndromal traumatized bipolar patients. 11 Patients received between 15 and 20 sessions of EMDR, the follow-up was up to 6 months in both groups. Our hypothesis was that patients in the EMDR group would be more stable in their mood, would show less affective relapses, improvement in cognition/functioning, and quality of life, when compared with the control group. We present the first data of the evaluation after three months of intervention.

Existe una creciente evidencia acerca de que los pacientes bipolares están más expuestos que la población general a eventos vitales negativos y TEPT. Esto tiene consecuencias en el curso de la enfermedad con más recaídas y síntomas subsindrómicos dentro de los episodios afectivos. Hemos realizado el primer estudio con aleatorización controlada de EMDR versus el tratamiento estándar en 20 bipolares subsindrómicos, con traumatización. 11 pacientes recibieron entre 15 y 20 sesiones de EMDR, el seguimiento fue durante 6 meses en ambos grupos. Nuestra hipótesis fue que los pacientes en el grupo EMDR tendrían una mejor estabilización de su ánimo, menos propensos a las recaídas, y mejorarían su funcionamiento cognitivo, y calidad de vida, cuando los comprásemos con el grupo control.

Keywords: Bipolar Disorder Pilot Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

324. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., & Muroaka, M. Y. (1995, June). EMDR in combat-related PTSD: A controlled study. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In view of potential, but largely undocumented benefits of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an intervention for PTSD in combat veterans, in our laboratory a study of EMDR treatment included (1) randomized patient assignment, (2) clinically appropriate comparison (treatment and control) groups, (3) a 12-session EMDR protocol administered by experienced, EMDR trained clinicians, and (4) extensive clinical assessment, including physiological evaluation at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Thirty-five veterans who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD completed an extensive multimodal assessment protocol. Assessment instruments included: The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, the Impact of Events Scale (IES), the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), a self-rating of overall severity of "PTSD symptoms," the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI). In addition, each subject completed a Stressful Scene Construction Questionnaire (SSCQ) in which scripts of specific traumatic combat incidents were prepared for presentation during psychophysiological assessment. Following pre-assessment, a subset of the subjects constituted a waiting list control (CON, N = 12). Routine clinical care for these subjects was available at the VA Medical Center. Seven of these subjects also participated in group sessions for discussion of PTSD designed as an attentional control. There were no differences between the two control subgroups and their data was combined for all subsequent analyses. For the treatment groups, subjects assigned to the EMDR (EMD, N = 10) and relaxation (RXT, N = 13) groups were seated in a semi-reclined chair and continuous measures were taken of muscle tension levels (four sites), hand temperature, skin conductance levels, heart rate, and blood pressure. For all subjects, there were 20 minutes in each of the baseline sessions with no additional stimuli presented. At the end of session 2 of baseline, the patients remained in the experimental room and were assessed for an additional 20 minutes (pre-treatment) during which the SSCQ scripts also were presented. There were two sessions per week with a minimum of one day between sessions. Each subsequent treatment session for the EMD and RXT subjects was approximately 60 minutes in duration, allowing for set-up time and briefing. In the EMD group, a standard protocol for the EMDR interventions was administered, including periodic SUDS ratings and VoC scaling of combat and related images and cognitions (cf Shapiro, 1995). In the RXT group, home relaxation tapes and biofeedback on four sites (face, neck, arm, and back) to assist lowered muscle tension were provided. Following 12 treatment sessions (post-treatment), and again after three months (follow-up) the psychometric instruments and psychophysiological assessment were readministered using the format outlined above. Relative to the other conditions, the EMDR treatment produced substantially more positive clinical effects at post-treatment and follow-up. Comparing the EMD group to the CON group, significant effects (p<.05 or better) were obtained on measures of PTSD including the Mississippi and PTSD symptoms self-rating, and on the Beck and STAI-Trait. Comparing the EMD group to the RXT subjects, significant differences were found on the Mississippi, the IES-Intrusion scale, the CAPS, PTSD symptoms ratings, and the STAI-Trait scale. No differences were obtained on any of the physiological measures. Therefore, the present results support the effectiveness of EMDR with combat veterans with chronic PTSD. The data strongly suggest that some previous negative results obtained when EMDR was applied to chronic and severe combat PTSD may have resulted from methodological artifacts, such as inadequate amount of treatment and therapist inexperience. While the failure to find physiological effects is consistent with results of other controlled treatment exposure trials in PTSD, this finding raises clinical and conceptual questions with respect to the arousal component of the disorder.

Keywords: Combat Controlled Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

325. Poon, Wai-Ling, M. (2012). EMDR in competition with fate: A case study in a Chinese woman with multiple traumas. Case Reports in Psychiatry, 2012, 1-4. doi:10.1155/2012/827187.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper described the application of eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) for addressing the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a Chinese woman who had experienced multiple traumas in her childhood. EMDR is an integrative therapeutic intervention that uses a standardized eight-phase approach to treatment. It is also a proven, effective, and efficient treatment for trauma. In this client with multiple traumas, the etiological event that lay the foundation of her dysfunctional responses was reprocessed first. The successful resolution of this event allowed the positive treatment effects to transfer to other traumatic events of a similar theme. This case also illustrates the importance of identifying a culturally appropriate positive cognition (PC) in contributing to the success of the treatment.

Keywords: Case Study China Trauma Woman

Accuracy Verified: Yes

326. Gonzalez, A., Seijo, N., & Mosquera, D. (2009, August). EMDR in complex trauma and dissociative disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR can be safely used during the stabilization phase in a group of severely traumatized patients, not only to install positive elements, but to process dysfunctional elements (not necessarily traumatic memories, but patient-therapist relationship problems, defenses, symptoms, dissociative phobias, etc.). To postpone standard protocol until the patient has been prepared to do it in the standard way implies that the patient must resolve many of their problems without the help of EMDR processing. We will try to “think in EMDR” about severe dissociation, rather than directly apply foreign theories to EMDR work. Protocol modifications include progression, fractionation, synthesis and direction.

Keywords: Complex Trauma Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

327. Hofmann, A., & Solomon, R. (2009). EMDR in der behandlung akut traumatisierter [EMDR in the treatment of acutely traumatized]. In A. Hofmann, N. Galley, & R. A. Solomon, EMDR – Therapie psychotraumatischer Belastungssyndrome, 2 Tabellen, (4., unveränd. Aufl.) (pp 107-114 ) Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag KG.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Mit den zunehmenden Erfahrungen und Forschungsergebnissen im Bereich psychotraumatischer Reaktionen gelangte in den Jahren nach der Entwicklung der Konzepte über die chronischen traumatischen Störungen auch der Bereich der akuten Traumatisierungen in das Blickfeld systematischer Studien und Interventionsversuche. So wurden zunehmend diagnostische und therapeutische Konzepte entwickelt, in denen versucht wird, Opfern von z. B. krimineller Gewalt, schweren Unfällen oder kritischen Zwischenfällen im polizeilich/militärischen Bereich bereits kurz nach den traumatischen Ereignissen hilfreich zur Seite zu stehen und – wenn möglich – sogar die Entwicklung schwerer Störungen zu verhindern. Als günstig erwies sich dabei, dass sich die Mehrzahl der Opfer akuter Traumatisierungen innerhalb einer Zeit von mehreren Wochen bis Monaten ohne äußeres therapeutisches Eingreifen spontan erholen und das Ereignis seelisch bewältigen können (Rothbaum u. Foa 1993). Als problematisch zeigte sich aber einerseits die Vielfalt möglicher Symptome direkt nach einem traumatischen Ereignis, andererseits der zunehmende Übergang in eine posttraumatische Symptomatik (aber auch andere) bei einer meist kleineren Gruppe der Traumatisierten (Orner u. Schnyder 2003). Forscherische und therapeutische Bemühungen versuchen derzeit, die Gruppe der Traumaopfer, die ein erhöhtes Risiko haben könnten, später eine posttraumatische Störung zu entwickeln, zu identifizieren und ihnen – wenn möglich – schon frühzeitig gezielt Hilfe zukommen zu lassen. Auf der anderen Seite wird so versucht, die Traumaopfer, bei denen eine Bewältigung des traumatischen Ereignisses ohne spezifische therapeutische Hilfe erwartet werden kann, nicht unnötig zu pathologisieren, ihnen aber ausreichend Unterstützung und Hilfe zu gewähren, sodass sie den Verarbeitungsvorgang ohne äußere Irritationen abschließen können (Fischer et al. 1998). Diese diagnostischen und therapeutischen Forschungen sind derzeit noch in vollem Gange, gesicherte Forschungsergebnisse liegen bisher nur in wenigen Bereichen der Behandlung akuter Traumatisierungen vor (Barre u. Biesold 2002, Orner u. Schnyder 2003, Yehuda 1998). Dennoch liegen bereits Modellrechnungen der Kostenträger vor, die belegen, dass frühe, fundierte Interventionsansätze bei akut Traumatisierten (z. B. Überfallopfern) erhebliche Kosteneinsparungen der Kostenträger bewirken (Wiessmann 2002). Angesichts der großen Zahl der täglich bei schweren Unfällen oder Verbrechen akut traumatisierten Menschen, die derzeit mit einer Vielzahl empirisch wenig validierter Konzepte behandelt werden müssen, wird der hohe Handlungsdruck einerseits, die Einschränkung vieler der folgenden Anhaltspunkte für therapeutische Intervention andererseits, deutlich. Auch Hinweise und Empfehlungen bezüglich eines Einsatzes der EMDR-Methode bei diesen Patienten sollten mit diesen Einschränkungen verstanden werden. Auch wenn es einige erste Hinweise auf einen erfolgversprechenden Einsatz der EMDR-Methode bei akut Traumatisierten gibt, so sollte eine Therapie mittels EMDR in einen umfassenden, z. B. dynamisch-behavioralen, Behandlungsplan dieser Patienten eingebettet werden (Bisson 2003, McNally u. Solomon 1999). Weiterhin sollte der systematische Einsatz der EMDR-Methode derzeit – wenn irgend möglich – an hohen Qualitätsstandards orientiert und forschungsmäßig evaluiert werden, um die Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung bezüglich bestimmter Patientengruppen sowie den optimalen Einsatzzeitpunkt konfrontierender Verfahren systematisch verbessern zu können.

With increasing experience and research results in the field of psycho-traumatic Responses came in the years after the development of concepts about the chronic traumatic disorders, the area of acute trauma in the field of view systematic studies and intervention trials. Thus, more diagnostic and therapeutic concepts developed in which attempts are is, for example, victims of criminal violence, serious accidents or critical incidents the police / military shortly after the traumatic events to help Page is available and - if possible - even the to prevent development of severe disorders. Proved to be favorable, that the Most of the victims of acute trauma in a period of several weeks to months without an external therapeutic intervention spontaneously recover and cope with the emotional event can (Rothbaum and Foa 1993). One problem was but one part of the Variety of possible symptoms immediately after a traumatic event, on the other hand, the increasing Transition to a post-traumatic symptoms (And others) usually at a smaller group of traumatized (and Orner Schnyder 2003). Research and therapeutic efforts currently trying the group of trauma victims, an increased risk could later to develop post-traumatic disorder to identify them and - if possible - early to be targeted to come help. On the other hand, will attempt to Trauma victims, where a managing traumatic event without specific therapeutic Assistance can be expected not unnecessarily pathologization them but enough to provide support and assistance so that they the processing operation without external irritation can conclude (Fischer et al. 1998). These diagnostic and therapeutic research are still in full swing, secured Research results are presently available in few areas of acute trauma and before (Barre and Biesold 2002, Orner Schnyder 2003, Yehuda 1998). Nevertheless, there are already Model calculations of the cost modes, in the Demonstrating that early, in-depth intervention approaches in acute trauma (such as assault victims) significant cost savings for payers cause (Wiesmann 2002). Given the high volume of daily at serious accidents or crimes acutely traumatized People currently with a variety empirically validated concepts treated less must be the high pressure to act one hand, the restriction of many of the following Indications for therapeutic intervention on the other, significantly. Also advice and recommendations regarding of using the EMDR method in these patients should understand these limitations be. Although there are some initial indications a promising application of EMDR method in acutely traumatized people are so should be a therapy using EMDR in a comprehensive, such as dynamically-behavioral, treatment plan these patients are embedded (Bisson 2003, McNally and Solomon 1999). Furthermore, should be the systematic use of the EMDR method now - if possible - to high Quality standards and research-oriented terms is assessed to the benefit / risk ratio with respect to specific patient groups and the optimal use time of confrontational Method to improve systematically.

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

328. Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, F. (2003). EMDR in der behandlung dissoziativer störungen [EMDR in the treatment of dissociative disorders]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, 1 (3), 25-33.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Psychologische Behandlung von traumatischen Belastungsstörungen mit EMDR. Die EMDR-Behandlung ist nach unserer Erfahrung eine sehr effektive Technik zur Behandlung von traumatischen Erinnerungen bei Patienten mit dissoziativen Störungen. Das Ziel der Traumabehandlung bei dissoziativen Patienten zusätzlich zu der Verringerung der Belastung von posttraumatischen Symptomen, Aussetzen der zuvor abgespaltenen Erinnerungen im Sinne einer Integration von dissoziierten Erfahrung liegt. Die EMDR-Behandlung dissoziativer Patienten brauchen, wenn nötig. durch Ändern der Standard-Protokoll auf den einzelnen Elastizität eingestellt werden. Da dissoziative Speicher Barrieren durch eine EMDRBehandlung sehr schnell untergraben werden kann, kombiniert mit dem Risiko der Übererflutung durch aversive Reize, sollte dies nur von entsprechend erfahrenen Therapeuten und mit Sorgfalt im Rahmen einer umfassenden Traumatherapie eingesetzt werden.

Psychological treatment of traumatic stress disorders with EMDR. The EMDR treatment is, in our experience a very effective technique for the treatment of traumatic memories in patients with dissociative disorders. The aim of trauma treatment in dissociative patients in addition to reducing the burden of post-traumatic symptoms, exposing the previously split-off memories in the sense of an integration of dissociated experience content. The EMDR treatment of dissociative patients need, if necessary. be adjusted by modifying the standard protocol on the individual resilience. Since dissociative memory barriers through a EMDRBehandlung may be undermined very quickly, combined with the risk of Übererflutung by aversive stimuli, this should only be used by suitably experienced therapists and with care in the context of a comprehensive trauma therapy.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders, Psychotherapeutic Processes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

329. Rost, C. (2003). EMDR in der behandlung von chronischen schmerzen [EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, 1 (3), 7-15.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Psychologische Behandlung von traumatischen Belastungsstörungen mit EMDR
Chronische Schmerzen sind in unserer Gesellschaft weit verbreitet und machen das medizinische System immer noch große Probleme. Auffallend ist das häufige gemeinsame Auftreten von psychischen Störungen. Die Bedeutung von Emotionen in Schmerzwahrnehmung und-verarbeitung hat nur in den letzten Jahren untersucht worden. Bisher gibt es nur wenige Studien über die Rolle des Traumas in die Geschichte und das gleichzeitige Auftreten von chronischen Schmerzen und posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen. Diese Kombination hat Versuche Behandlung von chronischen Schmerzen mit EMDR geführt. Die ersten Ergebnisse der Pilotstudien mit chronischen Schmerzen und Phantomschmerzen Mut zu tun, um diese Anwendung von EMDR am erkunden. Die persönlichen Erfahrungen von Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen und begleitende PTSD positiv auf die Behandlung von EMDR mit einer Reduktion der Symptome und Schmerzen in Zusammenhang stehen.

Psychological treatment of traumatic stress disorders with EMDR
Chronic pain is widespread in our society and make the medical system still major problems. Striking is the frequent co-occurrence of mental disorders. The importance of emotion in pain perception and processing has been examined only in recent years. So far there are only few studies on the role of trauma in the history and the simultaneous occurrence of chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder. This combination has led to attempts at treatment of chronic pain with EMDR. The first results of pilot studies to do with chronic pain and phantom pain courage to explore this application of EMDR on. The personal experiences of patients with chronic pain and concomitant PTSD are positively related to the treatment of EMDR with a reduction of symptoms and pain.

Keywords: Comorbidity, Physical Pain, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

330. Bohm, K., & Voderholzer, U. (2010, September). EMDR in der behandlung von zwangsstörungen: Eine fallserie [Use of EMDR in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders: A case series]. Verhaltenstherapie [Behavior Therapy], 20(3), 175–181. doi:10.1159/000319439 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract: (The above link is to the English version of the German article.)
Hintergrund: Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie mit Exposition und Reaktionsverhinderung ist die am besten untersuchte und derzeit wirksamste Therapie bei Zwängen. 15–40% der Patienten können jedoch nicht von diesem Verfahren profitieren. Sie berichten Motivationsprobleme, brechen die Behandlung vorzeitig ab oder zeigen anhaltende Probleme in der Emotionsregulation. Der zusätzliche Einsatz der Therapiemethode «Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing» (EMDR) zur Reduktion dieser Schwierigkeiten wird vorgestellt und beschrieben. Methode: Es werden drei Kasuistiken vorgestellt, die mittels deskriptiver Analysen ausgewertet werden. Hierbei wird auf das inhaltliche Vorgehen sowie die Therapiemotivation und Emotionsregulation im Therapieverlauf eingegangen. Ein Patient mit Kontrollzwängen erhielt zunächst EMDR-Sitzungen und anschließend Expositionsübungen. Eine andere Patientin mit vorwiegend Zwangsgedanken wurde zuerst mit Expositionen und danach mit EMDR behandelt. Im dritten Fall wurden Expositionen und EMDR-Sitzungen abwechselnd durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Die drei behandelten Patienten berichteten eine Reduktion der Zwänge um etwa 60%. EMDR wurde von allen drei Patienten als motivierend und hilfreich beschrieben. Die Arbeit an den Emotionen konnte durch EMDR angeregt und verstärkt werden. Eine deutliche Reduktion der Zwänge durch die Expositionen zeigte sich bei 2 Patienten, während diese im Zuge der EMDR-Sitzungen nur leicht abnahmen. Diskussion: EMDR könnte eine vielversprechende Augmentationsoption bei der Behandlung von Zwängen darstellen. Für eine bessere Beurteilung sind kontrollierte und randomisierte Studien erforderlich.

Introduction: Various studies have demonstrated that cognitive behavioural therapy with exposure response prevention is the most effective method to treat obsessive- compulsive disorders. However, 15–40% of patients do not respond to it; they cannot be motivated to undergo treatment, drop out, or experience persisting difficulties in regulating their emotions. In this article, EMDR is presented as an additional method for these specific problems. Method: Three case studies are reported and descriptively analysed. Special focus is placed on the patients’ motivation and on how they regulate their emotions. Different ways of applying EMDR in the course of psychological treatment are described as well. EMDR before confrontation therapy was applied in the first patient (checking behaviour); the second patient (compulsive thoughts) was first treated with confrontation therapy and then with EMDR; in the third patient, EMDR and confrontation therapy were applied alternately. Results: All three patients showed a reduction of symptoms by about 60%. They experienced EMDR as a useful and motivating method. Furthermore, they felt encouraged to deal with their emotions in additional psychological treatments. Confrontation therapy markedly reduced OCD symptoms in two of the patients. Discussion: EMDR could be a useful augmentation method in treating patients with OCD, but further controlled and randomised studies are required to validate this conclusion.

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Psychotherapeutic Method Psychotherapy Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

331. Schubbe, O. (2000). EMDR in der therapie mit psychisch traumatisierten jugendlichen [EMDR in the treatment of the mentally traumatized young people]. Institut für Traumatherapie.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Der erste Teil des Beitrags fasst den Stand der Forschung zu EMDR zusammen. Der zweite Teil beschreibt ein paar allgemeine Aspekte der Traumatherapie mit Jugendlichen und der dritte die Anwendung von EMDR bei Jugendlichen in Verbindung mit einer manualisierten Vorgehensweise nach Dr. Ricky Greenwald. EMDR ist keine neue Therapierichtung, sondern ein schulenergänzendes Zusatzverfahren; und so ist die hier vorgestellte Möglichkeit, EMDR bei Jugendlichen anzuwenden, nur eine von vielen, die sich allerdings bewährt hat.
Der steile Weg von EMDR zur wissenschaftlichen Anerkennung war von Anfang an von großer Begeisterung und heftigen wissenschaftlichen Kontroversen begleitet. Shapiros erste Berichte (1989a, 1989b) mit Darstellungen der Vorgehensschritte beschrieben bedeutsame Besserungen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) nach einer einzigen Sitzung "Eye Movement Desensitization" (EMD). Auf dem Hintergrund, dass PTBS bis dahin als schwer behandelbar und die Behandlungsmethoden als langwierig, anstrengend und begrenzt wirksam galten (Solomon, Gerrity, & Muff, 1992), stieß EMDR zunächst auf skeptische Zurückhaltung. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gab es nur noch eine weitere Wirksamkeitsstudie zur Therapie von PTBS, in der Peniston (1986) 45 Sitzungen Entspannung und Systematische Desensibilisierung plus Biofeedback mit einer Kontrollgruppe ohne Therapie verglichen und nur bei einzelnen Symptomen [Albträume, Muskelanspannung, Angst] von PTBS einen signifikanten Rückgang festgestellt hatte. Im Jahr der ersten Untersuchung von Francine Shapiro wurden noch drei weitere Untersuchungen zur Behandlung von PTBS veröffentlicht, von denen keine auch nur annähernd vergleichbare Behandlungserfolge berichten konnte.

The first part of the paper summarizes the state of research on EMDR. The second part describes some general aspects of trauma therapy with adolescents and the third is the use of EMDR among young people in conjunction with a manualized approach to Dr. Ricky Greenwald. EMDR therapy is not a new direction, but a schulenergänzendes additional procedures, and so is the opportunity presented here, EMDR applicable to young people, only one of many that has proven, however. The steep path of EMDR to the scientific recognition was accompanied by the beginning of great enthusiasm and fierce scientific controversies. Shapiro's first reports (1989a, 1989b) with descriptions of the action steps described significant improvement of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a single session "Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD). On the background of PTSD until then treated as serious and the treatment methods were considered to be lengthy, exhausting, and have limited effect (Solomon, Gerrity, & Muff, 1992), EMDR struck first on skeptical restraint. At this time there was only one additional efficacy study for the treatment of PTSD, in the Peniston (1986) 45 meetings, relaxation and systematic desensitization plus biofeedback with a control group compared with no therapy and only in individual symptoms [nightmares, muscle tension, fear] of PTSD a significant decrease was noted. In the first investigation by Francine Shapiro, three other studies have been published for the treatment of PTSD, which was able to report not even close to comparable treatment results.

Keywords: Children Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

332. Mehrotra, S., & Wei Geng (2011, February). EMDR in India. Journal of Xihua University (Philosophy & Social Sciences). doi:CNKI:SUN:CDSF.0.2011-02-000.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
After the earthquake in January 2001 in India,40 trained EMDR Therapists participated in helping more than 1600 people.The symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) were observed both in children and adults;no gross disintegration of personality was noted.Through analyzing children's drawings,the study finds the relationship between individual emotions and traumatic impact on their psychological health.Although people who had suffered greater destruction and severe loss demonstrated greater emotional upheaval,people in the large residential areas mostly intact from the earthquake felt more insecure than those in severely destructed areas,due to the threat of further destruction.

Keywords: Drawings India Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

333. Tumani, V. (2011, June). EMDR in interkulturellen therapien [EMDR in intercultural therapies]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Derzeit Migration verfügt über umfangreiche Ausmaße angenommen. Weltweit gehen wir von einer 1 bis 200 Migranten (WHO). Durch Bürgerkriege, Naturkatastrophen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Umständen die wahre Zahl dürfte noch höher. So ist es zunehmend vor, dass Psychiater und Psychotherapeuten bei der Behandlung Einzelpersonen aus anderen Kulturen begegnen, präsentiert mit verschiedenen psychiatrischen Symptome. Die Behandlung dieser Menschen werden manchmal große Schwierigkeiten. Nicht nur wegen der Sprache, sondern auch wegen der relativen Bedeutung bestimmter Symptome in einem kulturellen Kontext, ist es wichtig, Kultur Hintergrund arbeiten Milieu und Unordnung bestimmten psychiatrischen / psychotherapeutischen betrachten. Aber was bedeutet Kultur-und Milieu sensiblen Psychiatrie oder Psychotherapie bedeuten? Basierend auf den vorhandenen Studien über Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und die Untersuchungen des Sozio-Vision-Institute, und unsere eigenen Erfahrungen, die wir klären, wie eine interkulturelle Begegnung und ein Milieu sensiblen Psychotherapie erfolgreich angewandt werden.

Currently migration has reached extensive proportions. Globally, we assume a hundred to two hundred million migrants (WHO). Due to civil wars, natural disasters, political and economic circumstances the true figure is likely even higher. So it increasingly occurs that psychiatrists and psychotherapists encounter in their treatment individuals from other cultures, presenting with various psychiatric symptoms. The treatment of these people will sometimes face major difficulties. Not only because of language but also because of the relative importance of certain symptoms in a cultural context, it is essential to consider culture background, working milieu and disorder specific psychiatric/psychotherapy. But what does cultural and milieu sensitive psychiatry or psychotherapy mean? Based on the existing studies about people with immigrant backgrounds and the investigations of the Socio-Vision-Institute, and our own experiences we will elucidate how an intercultural meeting and a milieu sensitive psychotherapy can be successfully applied.

Keywords: Intercultural Therapies

Accuracy Verified: Yes

334. Tripolt, R. (2010, June). EMDR in motion: Enhancing the effect of EMDR by using elements of movement therapy, dance and body orientated therapeutic interweave techniques. In Experimental use of EMDR. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
'The Body Keeps the Score' (Bessel van der. Kolk 1996). Clients who suffer from traumatic stress are often afraid of disturbing and painful symptoms. Structural Dissociation alienates from the body reactions. Clients tend to perceive the body as hostile. As we know from eye movement and other bilateral stimulations, using movement is a gentle and powerful way, to bring the voice of the body into the therapeutic space. To expand the movement and body orientated skills either in difficult processes for example in the therapeutic work with complex traumatised clients enhances the effect of EMDR. Content of the Workshop: How to install the body as resource where the EMDR process can 'take place'. How to dissolve dissociation by associating body and movement awareness. How to accelerate the desensitization process by leading into deeper levels of body consciousness. How to help the client to stay within the "window of tolerance" of vegetative arousal by using elements of movement and dance therapy.

Keywords: Body Dance Therapy Experimental Use Movement Therapy Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

335. van den Berg, D. P. G. (2011, August-September). EMDR in patients with psychotic disorders and PTSD: A pilot study. In PTSD in patients with psychotic disorders. Symposium conducted at the 41st EABCT Annual Congress, Reykjavík, Iceland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introduction: Mueser at al. (2008) showed that a treatment program that was predominantly based on cognitive restructuring was effective and safe in treating PTSD in patients with Serious Mental Illness. However, only 15.7% of the participants in this study had a psychotic disorder. Frueh et al. (2009) conducted a pilot study into PTSD treatment in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (n=20). At three month follow-up twelve out of thirteen completers no longer met criteria for PTSD. Treatment caused no adverse events. Unfortunately psychosis measures were not included in this study. A third therapy with strong empirical support for its efficacy in treating PTSD is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR, Bisson et al., 2007; Bradley, Greene, Russ, Dutra, & Westen, 2005; Seidler & Wagner, 2006). In this presentation the results of a feasibility trial (n=27) of EMDR in patients with psychosis and comorbid PTSD will be presented. Method: An open pilot trial of EMDR in treating PTSD symptoms in participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or an other psychotic disorder. Participants were all outpatients from community mental health centres in the Netherlands. After referral to the study patients were screened for PTSD with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS, Blake et al., 1990). If PTSD was diagnosed baseline measurements were performed after which an informed consent was obtained. Treatment consisted of a maximum of six weekly EMDR sessions, after which post measurements were taken. Results: EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD symptoms. Out of the 25 completers, only 7 still met criteria for PTSD at post measurement. Treatment did not result in adverse events. In fact, other symptoms, such as delusions, auditory verbal hallucinations, anxiety and depression decreased significantly, e.g. only four out of the nine participants that reported voices at baseline still reported voices at end of treatment. Conclusions: The preliminary conclusion is that treating PTSD in patients suffering from psychosis with EMDR is feasible, is safe and has a positive influence on other symptoms.

Keywords: Pilot Study Postraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotic Disorders Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

336. Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Moskowitz, A. (2012, June). EMDR in psychosis and severe mental disorders [EMDR en psicosis y trastorno mental severo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Interactions between trauma and biology, dissociation and psychosis are complex. Some cases could be more biologically based, and traumatic events may trigger a psychotic episode or contribute to the low-response to usual interventions. But traumatic experiences could also influence neurodevelopment and brain structure. In some cases past adverse events may be a main factor in the development of psychotic psychopathology. The treatment of psychotic disorders with a specifically trauma-oriented therapy as EMDR, can help us to evaluate the relative contribution of these different factors from clinical results. The empirical research about the application of EMDR will be also reviewed. A relevant point for EMDR therapy in psychotic disorders is the complex relationship between dissociation and psychosis. Patients presenting with the belief of being controlled by an external force, intrusive thoughts and hallucinatory voices that comment on one's thoughts or actions or that have a conversation with other hallucinated voices, are easily diagnosed as schizophrenic or psychotic but can often be best understood and approached as dissociative symptoms. These patients can be treated with EMDR, but the procedures present relevant modifications in relation with the standard EMDR procedure for PTSD. In this workshop we will briefly describe how EMDR can be applied in different examples of psychotic patients, and based on these clinical examples (presented a case-descriptions or videos, we will reflect on the previously described aspects.

Las interacciones entre trauma y biología, disociación y psicosis son complejas. Algunos casos pueden estar más basados en el ámbito biológico, y los eventos traumáticos pueden ser disparadores de un episodio psicótico o contribuir a la baja respuesta ante las intervenciones usuales. Pero las experiencias traumáticas pueden también influenciar el neurodesarrollo y la estructura cerebral. En Algunos casos eventos adversos del pasado pueden ser el principal factor para desarrollar psicosis o una psicopatología. El tratamiento de los trastornos psicóticos con un terapia orientada al trauma como el EMDR nos ayudan a evaluar la contribución relativa de distintos factores a los resultados clínicos. La investigación empírica acerca de la aplicación del EMDR también será revisada. Un punto relevante de la Terapia EMDR en trastornos psicóticos es el resultado complejo de la relación entre disociación y psicosis. Los pacientes que presentan creencias de control por fuerzas externas, pensamientos intrusivos y voces alucinatorias que comentan las acciones o pensamientos o tienen una conversación con otras voces alucinatorias, normalmente son diagnosticadas como esquizofrenia y psicosis pero en algunas ocasiones estarían mejor entendidas desde un enfoque que las considerara síntomas disociativos. Estos pacientes pueden ser tratados con EMDR, pero los procedimientos presentan modificaciones referentes al procedimiento estándar de EMDR para el TEPT.

Keywords: Psychosis Severe Mental Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

337. Sugimoto, K. (2010, July). EMDR in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth: How can we help grieving mothers?. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: Despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care, many parents will experience the stillborn birth or death of a infant. Stillbirth is a devastating experience for women, and sometimes leads to depression, anxiety, traumatic grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been very little research examining effective psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress after stillbirth. This pilot study explores the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. Methods: The pilot study consisted of a ‘before and after’ treatment design combined with follow-up measurements 0.5-3 years after EMDR treatment. Quantitative data was collected using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) questionnaires. In addition, qualitative data from individual interviews with the participants was collected. Participants in the study were four out-patient women with post-traumatic stress after stillbirth (three of the four experienced fatal state and emergency caesarean section) in an urban area in Japan. Results: Three of the four participants reported reduction of post-traumatic stress symptoms after treatment (ranging from two to three sessions) and the beneficial effects remained after 0.5-3 years. One participant only had the assessment session. Symptoms of intrusive thoughts seemed most sensitive for treatment. None of the participants completed the full EMDR treatment protocol. The participants were not prepared to work with other disturbing memories. They also hesitated to lose some of memories about the stillborn infant. All of the participants were afraid of how they might be influenced in the next pregnancy. Conclusion: EMDR might be a useful tool in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth, but we have to take great consideration about the timing of EMDR treatment. Further research is required.

Keywords: Grief Mothers Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stillbirth

Accuracy Verified: Yes

338. Hase, M. (2010, June). EMDR in the treatment of addiction - Reprocessing of the addiction memory. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The comorbidity of PTSD and substance abuse provides sufficient reason for treating patients, who are addicted, with EMDR while focusing on the PTSD diagnosis. However, there are several pathways leading to addiction, and PTSD is only one of them. Thirty years of addiction research have provided sufficient evidence for the crucial role of memory in drug dependency.
The Addiction Memory (AM) serves as a useful concept for "obsessive-compulsive craving" to be seen in drug addicted patients. The concept of an AM, and its importance in relapse occurrence and maintenance of learned addictive behaviour, has gained growing acceptance in the field of addiction research and treatment. The AM is interpreted as an individual-acquired memory following drug consumption in some individuals. The addiction memory is based on normal memory systems and systems of central nervous information processing. This is in accordance with the experience that the addiction memory can be activated at any time by relapse-endangering complexes as well as internal and/or external situations, which are experienced as cravings by the person in question. The implicit nature of the addiction memory seems to qualify it as a target for EMDR treatment.
Without adequate therapeutic interventions, it is hardly extinguishable, as shown in the animal model where a re-imprinting of the AM facilitated by steroids extinguished craving in opiate addicted rats. Thus, altering or extinguishing the AM in human addicts could add an important component to well-established treatment modalities. The reprocessing of the AM with EMDR should, thus, lead to measurable changes in addiction symptoms, if the AM qualifies for maladaptive memory within the AIP model. As the AM includes the urge to consume the drug being abused, more aptly named craving, reprocessing of the AM should lead to a reduction in craving.
Preliminary data demonstrates the efficacy to reduce craving in alcohol-addicted patients. Anecdotal reports from clinicians seem to indicate an effect of the reprocessing of the addiction memory in patients addicted to heroin or psycho-stimulants. According to research in the animal model, the same principles should apply.
There are, however, other aspects to addiction. Is there a difference between chemical dependency and other addictive behaviour? How much do we know already? What have we yet to discover? These questions lead to the direction of developing a comprehensive EMDR approach in the treatment of addictions.

Keywords: Addiction Keynote

Accuracy Verified: Yes

339. van Rood,Y., & de Roos, C. (2010, June). EMDR in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) as a disorder characterised by a preoccupation with an imagined defect in one's appearance (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1994). BDD can be treated effectively with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRls) or cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) (Williams et al.. 2006). CBT interventions which are most often described in the literature are exposure and response prevention (ERP) and cognitive techniques. These interventions successfully weaken the catastrophic expectations of the patients. However, they do not affect the negative valence of patients' appearance. This negative meaning is not inborn but acquired during life through association with distressful or even traumatic events. Patients with BDD often report stressful events as the starting point of their complaints (Buhlmann et al., 2007) as well as PTSS like symptoms. i.e. intrusions (Osman et al.. 2004). Processing of these unprocessed memories might free the way to the development of a more positive meaning of their appearance. Indeed, case series have been described in which EMDR has been successfully applied in the treatment of BDD (Brown et al , 1997). In the first part of this workshop background information will be presented which might help identifying BDD patients who might profit from EMDR and planning subsequent EMDR treatment. In the second part of the workshop we share our experiences treating BDD patients with EMDR. Clinical issues will be analysed using videotaped cases of patients for illustration. The goal of this workshop is to increase knowledge and understanding of the use of EMDR in the treatment for BDD. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed.) Washington DC. American Psychiatric Association. Brown, K. W., McGoldrick, T., & Buchanan, R. (1997). Body dysmorphic disorder: Seven cases treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 25(2), 203-207 Buhlmann, U., Cook, L. M., Fama, 1. M., & Wilhelm, 5. (2007). Perceived teasing experiences in body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image. 4, 381-385. Osman. S., Cooper, M., Hackmann, A,, & Veale, D. (2004). Spontaneously occurring images and early memories in people with body dysmorphic disorder Memory, 12, 428-436. Williams, J., Hadjistavropoulos, T., & Sharpe, D. (2006). A meta- analysis of psychological and pharmacological treatments for Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 44, 99-111.

Keywords: Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

340. Schneider, J., Hofmann, A., Rost, C., & Shapiro, F. (2008, January-February). EMDR in the treatment of chronic phantom limb pain: Theoretical implications, case study, and treatment guidelines. Pain Medicine, 9(1), 76-82. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00299.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: Little research substantiates long-term gains in the treatment of phantom limb pain. This report describes and evaluates an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment with extensive follow-up. Design: A case series of phantom limb pain patients. Setting. In-patient hospitalization and out-patient private practice. Patients: Case series of five patients with phantom limb pain ranging from 1 to 16 years. All patents were on extensive medication regimens prior to EMDR. Interventions: Three to 15 sessions of EMDR were used to treat the pain and the psychological ramifications. Outcome Measures: Patients were measured for continued use of medications, pain intensity/frequency, psychological trauma, and depression. Results: EMDR resulted in a significant decrease or elimination of phantom pain, reduction in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to subclinical levels, and significant reduction or elimination of medications related to the phantom pain and nociceptive pain at long-term follow-up. Conclusions: The overview and long-term follow-up indicate that EMDR was successful in the treatment of both the phantom limb pain and the psychological consequences of amputation. The latter include issues of personal loss, grief, self-image, and social adjustment. These results suggest that (1) a significant aspect of phantom limb pain is the physiological memory storage of the nociceptive pain sensations experienced at the time of the event and (2) these memories can be successfully reprocessed. Further research is needed to explore the theoretical and treatment implications of this information-processing approach. [PubMed]

Keywords: Chronic Pain Empirical Study Follow-up Study Phantom Limb Pain Quantitative Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

341. van Rood, Y. R., & de Roos, C. (2009). EMDR in the treatment of medically unexplained symptoms: A systematic review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 248-263. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.248.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This systematic review presents evidence for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of a diverse range of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Theoretical underpinning, variations in interventions, methodological issues, and outcomes are discussed, and implications for future research and clinical practice are presented. Considering the limited number of reported case series and the lack of controlled studies, it might be concluded that EMDR for MUS is only in its infancy. The preliminary results suggest that EMDR might be an effective treatment for MUS and somatoform disorders, particularly when they are related to trauma. To date, the results for phantom limb pain are the most promising.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Medically Unexplained Symptoms MUS Somatoform Disorders Systematic Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

342. Aytun, O. A. (2010, June). The EMDR integrated group treatment with child victims of a terrorist. In treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The present study is carried out within a psychological counseling project which is governed by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The study was designed to assess the effects of EMDR Integrated Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-ICTP: on the child victims of a terrorist bombing in Gun Goren, Istanbul. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 60 children who are in 5th, 3rd and 4th grade and effected by the event (exposed, witnessed or their relatives harmed, etc.) with high scores on the Turkish version of 'Impact of Event Scale' (IES). Before the group session. Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) and a survey asking 5 stress-related symptoms of their lives after the bomb attack were applied. The group sessions consist of: meeting with children. explaining trauma, psychological debriefing, EMDR (Installing the safe place, assessment, drawing the first picture, drawing the second and the third picture, tapping, relaxation), healing story and art therapy. Participants completed another survey about what they have realized during and after their group experience. The study is completed with a re-evaluation of one and three months follow-up. Analyses of the data collected from the participants will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in group setting with children for reducing traumatic symptoms and developing new resources to handle problems. In this study the effectiveness of EMDR is examined according to the difference between the ages of children, and the level of exposure (witnessing, watching on TV etc.) to the traumatic event.

Keywords: Acute Stress Children Group Therapy Symposium Terrorism Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

343. Sautai, G. (2011, June). EMDR intensive therapy (EMDRIT). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Therapeutic Process seems to be blocked for some patients with strong Developmental Disorders or exposed to Disturbing Early Life Experiences (Bessel A. van der Kolk). A specific approach during EMDR Intensive Therapy (EMDRIT) using the Case Conceptualisation (Andrew Leeds), based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model (Francine Shapiro), the Attachment Theory (John Bowlby) and the Useful and Necessary Renouncement Principe (Judith Viorst) allow those patients to progress. As a pilot experience, we have been able to use this EMDRIT framework with 64 clients. Their complex disorders included, for each of them, at least 3 of the following symptoms: Anxiety, depression, primary structural dissociation, alcohol addiction, eating behaviour disorders, travel phobia, emotional numbing, affective isolation, hypochondria, phantom limb syndrome, fibromyalgia, cancer, psychological or physical abuse survivor, perpetrator of violent aggressions. For the 25 first clients, we have used the PCL-S (pathology threshold > 44) test. Their pre-treatment average score was 70. It dropped to 28 after EMDRIT treatment, down to 26 after 3 months and stabilised at 29 after 1 year. These first results allowed us to define a target population and an adapted protocol that provides client safety, efficiency and result sustainability. For the 39 next clients, we measured a decrease of the SCL-90-R (pathology threshold > 1,5) test score from 3 before treatment down to 1,4 after treatment, 1,2 after 3 months and 1,3 after 1 year. We measure efficiency on 87% of the clients and a suppression of 80% of the symptoms after 1 year. At the same time, a control cohort of 20 people with identical pathologies saw their score drop from 3 to 2,3 with the same treatment time, using the standard EMDR protocol. From this preliminary result, we are developing some research hypothesis: •Selection criteria for EMDRIT, based on the patient ability accessing Adaptive Memory Networks (AMN). •The Targeting Sequence Plan, seen as an expression of the Dysfunctional Memory Networks (DMN). •The importance of the client emotional Window Of Tolerance (WOT) for the efficiency of the Adaptive Information Processing system. •Epigenetic show possible structural brain modifications by rehabilitation of fluid links across the 3 levels of the brain (reptilian, limbic and neo-cortical). These changes are immediate and permanent. •Need to standardize appropriate scale for database, in order to foster international research and results sharing. We sea AIP model as an opportunity to move from an analytic and sequential approach to a systemic and integrative approach based on Complex System for a global understanding.

Keywords: EMDR Intensive Therapy EMDRIT

Accuracy Verified: Yes

344. Artigas, L., Jarero, I., Alcala, N., & Cano, T. L. (2009). The EMDR intregrative group treatment protocol (IGTP). In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 279-288). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The effectiveness of EMDR with trauma survivors has been widely reported. Studies support the use of EMDR in the treatment of symptoms caused by trauma in children and adolescents, and they have evaluated the usefulness of EMDR following disaster events Group therapy is a well-proven form of treatment for traumatized children and adolescents. The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (IGTP) combines the Standard EMDR treatment Phases 1 through 8 with a Group Therapy model. Designed initially for work with children, the EMDR-IGTP has also been found suitable for group work with adults. The EMDR Integrative Treatment Protocol Script is provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adolescents Children Disaster EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol Group Therapy Trauma Trauma Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

345. Purandare, M., Bhagwagar, H., & Tank, P. (2010, July). EMDR on children affected by the earthquake. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Efficacy of EMDR on Children Affected by Earthquake: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of EMDR as an intervention technique for trauma victims. A sample of 50 students, studying in 10th grade, age ranging from 14 to 16 years were selected. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to measure the intensity of trauma experienced. A pre-post test research design was used in the study. The results were in the predicted direction. EMDR was found to be effective in reducing avoidance, intrusion and hyper arousal as well as overall impact of trauma. “Group EMDR With Earthquake Survivors” The current study is an attempt to understand the impact of a specific traumatic events and its expression in children i.e. the earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, Western India in January 2001. This study was a part of the therapy work conducted with the survivors of the earthquake by the group of 40 practitioners from Mumbai and was over 4 months. The paper will present the following aspects: 1. The symptoms seen among the children depicting PTSD as per DSM IV criteria. Signs of Hyper-arousal, Avoidance and Intrusion were clearly seen especially in children 2. The process used. This was a modified version of the standard 8 phase protocol appropriate for use with group work. Butterfly hugs were used as BLS. Stages of EMDR for this group: 3. Observations and a few unique experiences These include blocking of trauma image, difficulty in safe place visualizing, difficulty in distancing and using creative techniques for soothing and relaxation. 4. Impact of the EMDR intervention with this group More than 16000 children from about 30 schools were seen. based on observations and reports by teachers during the follow up showed reduction in anxiety, reports of life resembling pre-earthquake, improved attention and concentration, better sleeping patterns and lowering of somatic complaints. Impact and expression of trauma in children exposed to the earthquake: The current study is an attempt to understand the impact of a specific traumatic event and its expression in children i.e. the earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, western India in January 2001. The Butterfly hug technique for bilateral stimulation was used following 8 steps of EMDR. Drawings of children were used as their expressions during different phases of EMDR. Drawings during “ Assessment phase” depicted feelings of insecurity, a sense of vacuum and emptiness, low energy levels, a desire for contact and help, feelings of guilt, poor body image, hypersensitivity was noticed almost universally and even during therapy. Drawings, following the processing and installation phases indicated the facial expression changed to a smile. Tears which were present in almost all drawings were not noted Positive cognitions were reflected in terms of the growth and freshness e.g. the newly growing grass. In spite of the various symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder, no gross disintegration of personality had been noted.

Keywords: Children Earthquake

Accuracy Verified: Yes

346. Hacker-Hughes, J., & Wesson, M. (2008, June). EMDR on the frontline: Early interventions during military operations. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Some of the earliest applications of EMDR were with military veterans (Shapiro 1995, Shapiro & Forrest 1997). EMDR is now widely used to treat UK military personnel suffering from combat related PTSD. This presentation will consider extending the use of EMDR as an early intervention during frontline operations. Research suggests the importance of early detection in PTSD (Lee et al 2005) and the benefits of early intervention (North 2001). Current practice is that UK personnel who are having significant difficulties in functioning after exposure to trauma are sent back to the UK for treatment after a brief period of watchful waiting. This is can be detrimental, both to the unit and individual (Shepard 2000, Solomon et al 2005). EMDR offers a potential solution to this problem. A case study will be presented of a soldier who was suffering significant post trauma symptoms whilst serving in Afghanistan. Through the successful use of EMDR in theatre just 2 weeks after the trigger event, he was able to resume his normal duties and hence avoid the negative effects of being returned to the UK for treatment. The use of EMDR as a frontline treatment has far reaching implications but currently there is little evidence for its use as an early intervention with military personnel (Russell 2006). Future research to evaluate this novel application of EMDR is planned. This presentation will introduce participants to the challenges of providing psychological treatment during military operations and the potential value of EMDR in this setting.

Keywords: Early Interventions Military

Accuracy Verified: Yes

347. Lanius, U. F. (2005). EMDR processing with dissociative clients: Adjunctive use of opioid antagonists. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 121-146). New York: W W Norton & Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Dissociative symptoms are common in traumatic stress syndromes (e.g., complex PTSD, disorder of extreme stress not otherwise specified [DESNOS], borderline personality disorder, and dissociative disorders). They commonly interfere with psychotherapy including EMDR treatment. It appears that the adaptive information processing system gets overwhelmed and shuts down, thereby barring the integration and resolution of traumatic experience and thus precluding positive treatment outcomes. A series of case studies by Ferrie and Lanius found that the administration of an opioid antagonist prior to EMDR treatment significantly reduced dissociative symptoms, somatization, and numbing, as well as aiding trauma processing. The present chapter describes the relevant scientific research, as well as a theoretical rationale and a protocol, for the use of opioid antagonists in trauma processing with EMDR. [Text, p. 121]

Keywords: Analgesic Drugs Dissociative Symptoms Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

348. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Luber, M. (2011). The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Application in a disaster mental health continuum of care context. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 82-94. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.82.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This randomized, controlled group field study was conducted subsequent to a 7.2 earthquake in North Baja California, Mexico. Treatment was provided according to continuum of care principles. Crisis management debriefing was provided to 53 individuals. After this, the 18 individuals who had high scores on the Impact of Event Scale (IES) were then provided with the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents (EMDR-PRECI), a single-session modified EMDR protocol for the treatment of recent trauma. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: immediate treatment group and waitlist/delayed treatment group. There was no improvement in the waitlist/ delayed treatment group, and scores of the immediate treatment group participants were significantly improved, compared with waitlist/delayed treatment group paticipants. One session of EMDR-PRECI produced significant improvement on symptoms of posttraumatic stress for both the immediate-treatment and waitlist/delayed treatment groups, with results maintained at 12-week follow-up, even though frightening aftershocks continued to occur frequently. This study provides preliminary evidence in support of the protocol's efficacy in a disaster mental health continuum of care context. More controlled research is recommended to evaluate further the efficacy of this intervention.

Keywords: Critical Incidents Disaster Mental Health Early EMDR Intervention Natural Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

349. Jarero, I., & Uribe, S. (2011). The EMDR Protocol for recent critical incidents: Brief report of an application in a human massacre situation. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), 156-165. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.156.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This ongoing field study was conducted subsequent to the discovery of clandestine graves with 218 bodies recovered in the Mexican state of Durango in April 2011. A preliminary psychometric assessment was conducted with the 60 State Attorney General employees who were working with the corpses to establish a triage criterion and provide baseline measures. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the short posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rating interview were administered, and the 32 individuals whose scores indicated moderate-to-severe posttraumatic stress and PTSD symptoms were treated with the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents (EMDR-PRECI). Participants were assigned to two groups: immediate treatment (severe scores) and waitlist/delayed treatment (moderate scores). Each individual client session lasted between 90 and 120 minutes. Results showed that one session of EMDR-PRECI produced significant improvement on self-report measures of posttraumatic stress and PTSD symptoms for both the immediate treatment and waitlist/delayed treatment groups. This study provides preliminary evidence in support of the protocol's efficacy in a natural setting of a human massacre situation to a group of traumatized adults working under extreme stressors. More controlled research is recommended to evaluate further the protocol's efficacy.

Keywords: Human Massacre PRECI Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents PTSD Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

350. Jarero, I., & Uribe, S. (2012). The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Follow-up report of an application in a human massacre situation. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 50-61. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.50.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article reports the follow-up results of our field study (Jarero & Uribe, 2011) that investigated the application of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents (EMDR-PRECI) in a human massacre situation. A single individual session was provided to 32 forensic personnel of the State Attorney General in the Mexican state of Durango who were working with 258 bodies recovered from clandestine graves. Pre-post results showed significant improvement for both immediate treatment and waitlist/delayed treatment groups on the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and Short PTSD Rating Interview (SPRINT). In this study, we report the follow-up assessment, which was conducted, at 3 and 5 months posttreatment. Follow-up scores showed that the original treatment results were maintained, with a further significant reduction of self-reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress and PTSD between posttreatment and follow-up. During the follow-up period, the employees continued to work with the recovered corpses and were continually exposed to horrific emotional stressors, with ongoing threats to their own safety. This suggests that EMDR-PRECI was an effective early intervention, reducing traumatic stress for a group of traumatized adults continuing to work under extreme stressors in a human massacre situation. It appears that the treatment may have helped to prevent the development of chronic PTSD and to increase psychological and emotional resilience.

Keywords: Human Massacre PRECI Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents PTSD Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

351. Saarinen, P. (2011). EMDR psyykkisten traumojen hoidossa [EMDR treatment of psychological trauma]. European Society for Trauma and Dissociation. Retrieved from http://www.estd.org/fi/ARTICLES/EMDR_psyykkisten_traumojen_hoidossa.pdf on 8/17/2012.

Language: Finnish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR ( Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing ) on integroiva, monivaiheinen ja erittäin asiakaskeskeinen hoitotapa, jota käytetään yhä laajemmin myös Suomessa psyykkisten traumojen hoitamisessa. Menetelmässä yhdistyy useiden erilaisten terapiasuuntausten puolia. EMDR -menetelmän perusperiaatteita selventää nopeutetun informaation prosessointimalli, jossa lähtökohtana on traumatapahtuman aikana lukkiutuneiden ja prosessoitumattomien, dysfunktionaalisten havaintojen prosessoiminen ja yhteen liittäminen. Näitä tilariippuvaisia, lukkiutuneita havaintoja pidetään traumaperäisten stressioireiden ensisijaisina syinä. (Shapiro, 1995, 1998).

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an integrative, multi-step and a very customer-oriented management style, which is becoming more widely used in Finland dealing with psychological trauma. The method combines many different aspects of terapiasuuntausten. EMDR method to clarify the basic principles of accelerated information processing model, which is based on the trauma of the event during the frozen and prosessoitumattomien, dysfunktionaalisten observations, processing and interconnection. These state-dependent observations are frozen traumaperäisten stress symptoms in primary reasons. (Shapiro, 1995, 1998).

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

352. Hase, M., Schallmayer, S., & Sack, M. (2008). EMDR reprocessing of the addiction memory: Pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 170-179. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.170.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This randomized controlled study investigated the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of alcohol dependency. EMDR was applied to reprocess the addiction memory (AM) in chronically dependent patients. The AM includes memories of preparatory behavior, drug effects (drug use), and loss of control (Wolffgramm, 2002). It is understood to involve extensive brain circuitry, drive part of conscious and unconscious craving, change environmental response at an organic level, and modify circuits that link to feelings of satisfaction, future planning, and hope. Thirty-four patients with chronic alcohol dependency were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus two sessions of EMDR (TAU+EMDR). The craving for alcohol was measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) pre-, post-, and 1 month after treatment. The TAU+EMDR group showed a significant reduction in craving posttreatment and 1 month after treatment, whereas TAU did not. Results indicate that EMDR might be a useful approach for the treatment of addiction memory and associated symptoms of craving.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Addiction Memory Craving Treatment TAU Treatment As Usual

Accuracy Verified: Yes

353. Shapiro, R. (2009). EMDR Solutions II: For depression, eating disorders, performance, and more. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
A clear and comprehensive guide to using EMDR in clinical practice. This edited collection—a follow-up to Shapiro’s successful EMDR Solutions—presents step-by-step instructions for implementing EMDR approaches to treat a range of issues, written by leading EMDR practitioners. The how-to approach, mixed with ample clinical wisdom, will help clinicians excel when using EMDR to treat their clients. The units include: A comprehensive compendium of EMDR interventions for Depression, it begins with Robin Shapiro’s Assessment, Trauma-Based and Endogenous Depression chapters, continues with Jim Knipe’s Shame-Based Depression chapter, and ends with Shapiro’s Attachment-Based chapter. The eight chapters of the Eating Disorder unit cover all the bases. From etiology to neurology through Preparation phases and treatment strategies, you’ll learn how to work with Bulimia, Anorexia, Body Dysmorphia, Binge Eating Disorder, disorders of Desire and more. Andrew Seubert is the ring leader. The other writers are Janie Scholom, Linda Cooke, Celia Grand, DaLene Forester, Janet McGee, Catherine Lidov, and Judy Lightstone. Performance, Coaching, and Positive Psychology unit emphasizes strengths, skills, focus, and whatever gets in the way of reaching the goal. David Grand shares his foundational 15 Strategies for Performance enhancement. Ann Marie McKelvey integrates EMDR with Coaching and Positive Psychology. The Complex Trauma unit includes Katie O’Shea’s useful and user-friendly Preparation Methods and Early Trauma Protocol, Sandra Paulsen and Ulrich Lanius’s brilliant collaboration Integrating EMDR with Somatic and Ego State Interventions, Liz Massiah’s hair-raising Intrusive Images chapter, and Shapiro’s treatment strategies for OCPD. Robin Shapiro gives an overview of Medically-Based Trauma and her strategies for successful treatment of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities. Katherine Davis shows us how Post-Partum “Depression” is often treatable Post-Partum PTSD. Ronald Ricci and Cheryl Clayton tell us how to use EMDR in our work with Sex Offenders and their complete therapeutic milieu. Martha S. Jacobi develops our “third ear” for using EMDR with Religious and Spiritually-Attuned clients.

Keywords: Depression, Eating Disorders, Performance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

354. Lombardo, M. (2012). EMDR target timeline. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 37-46. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.37.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This Clinical Q&A section responds to a question about organizing a client's historical information into a targeting sequence within a treatment plan that is consistent with Shapiro's (2001) three-pronged protocol. The procedures for identifying and prioritizing treatment eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) targets are reviewed in the context of Shapiro's theoretical model, and various time line models are summarized. The author then presents her EMDR Target Time Line, which provides a practical simple visual tool for documenting past, present, and future aspects of the presenting problem. It allows the therapist to note if disturbing past experiences present around a core theme, such as negative cognitions, physical symptoms, or situations/persons/circumstances. Three clinical cases are used to illustrate the form's application with various types of treatment targets.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP: Clinical Application Core Theme Time Line Treatment Target

Accuracy Verified: Yes

355. Yordy, J. (2012, April). EMDR techniques to help children and teens tame the worry monster. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The number of children and teens struggling with symptoms of stress and anxiety disorders is increasing at an alarming rate. This workshop will discuss some causes for the increase in stress and anxiety disorders among children and teens. An introduction to the Triune Brain Theory and brief explanation of the implications of the changes on the anxious child or teenage brain will be highlighted. Next, effective exercises to calm the body and rewire the brain will be introduced. Creating new neural pathways, through the use of Positive Resource Building utilizing EMDR, will also be taught. Looking specifically at anxiety and how to target it when using EMDR, will also be explored. The workshop will conclude by introducing how to shrink the “Worry Monster” using an EMDR protocol.
Learning objectives: 1.Describe the Triune Brain Theory and how trauma rewires the brain to create heightened levels of anxiety and stress. 2.Demonstrate 5 exercises which help calm the stress response within the body. 3.List 5 “Positive Resources ”which when combined with EMDR anchor calm feelings in the brain/body and rewire the brain. 4.Discuss how to chose appropriate targets for EMDR processing with anxious kids. 5.Describe how to create a “Worry Monster” for processing anxiety with EMDR.

Keywords: Adolescents Anxiety Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

356. Matthes, H., & Hofmann, A. (2012, June). EMDR therapy in different psychiatric diagnosis: A review of the scientific evidence [Terapia con EMDR en varias enfermedades psiquiátricas: Una revisión de la evidencia científica]. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Abstract: Scientific studies of EMDR have shown that it is one of the most effective tools to treat posttraumatic stress disorder. One of the lesser known properties of EMDR is that it also seems to be an effective psychotherapy method in a number of disorders that have part of their origins in dysfunctional implicit memory structures. Some of these disorders are complex trauma based disorders like dissociative disorders and some patients with symptoms of borderline disorder others are traumatized offenders, some forms of substance dependencies and depressive disorders. Many of these patients are challenging populations and some of the direct EMDR approaches may only be partly successful. In this workshop an overview of the new areas for the application of EMDR will be given and participants will hear where and how EMDR can be used in a treatment plan. Also the research status of these new approaches will be reported. If time permits cases can be discussed too.

Los estudios científicos de EMDR han comprobado que es una de las herramientas más efectivas en el tratamiento del trastorno por estrés postraumático. Una de las propiedades menos conocidas de EMDR es que también parece suponer un método de psicoterapia efectivo en varios trastornos que se originan parcialmente en estructuras disfuncionales de la memoria implícita. Algunos de estos trastornos son trastornos basados en el trauma complejo, como los trastornos disociativos y algunos casos de trastorno límite de la personalidad; también se pueden incluir agresores traumatizados, algunas formas de dependencias de sustancias y trastornos depresivos. Muchos de estos pacientes suponen poblaciones de especial dificultad y algunos de los abordajes directos con EMDR pueden tener un éxito únicamente parcial. Este taller ofrecerá una perspectiva global de las nuevas áreas de aplicación de EMDR y se les explicará a los participantes en qué casos y cómo se puede utilizar EMDR en un plan terapéutico. También se informará respecto al estado de la investigación de estos nuevos planteamientos. Si hay tiempo, también se podrán presentar algunos casos.

Keywords: Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

357. Withers, D. (2001). EMDR therapy in the group setting. The Children’s Group Association Newsletter.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
I had been doing EMDR with children for a number of years for trauma and resultant anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, nightmares, hair pulling and a variety of symptoms, with excellent results. EMDR, or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, is a powerful tool that seems to have a direct on the way the brain functions, reducing the disturbance of traumatic events and allowing the client to see them in a new and less distressing way. Researchers worldwide publishing in prestigious journals have shown its efficacy. Having a background in dance and movement therapy, I had previously developed an innovation, EMDR Bilateral Movement Therapy groups, for women with body image issues who are in 3rd stage trauma recovery. (Presented at the 1999 EMDRIA Conference). It was during a conversation with an EMDR trained child psychiatrist about these groups that I realized what a natural application they would have with ADHD children.

Keywords: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

358. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Santed, A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro. F., & Amann, B. L. (2013, March). EMDR therapy modulates the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient. Neuropsychobiology, 67(3), 181-184. doi:10.1159/000346654.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Some functional imaging abnormalities found in bipolar disorder are state related, whereas others persist into euthymia. It is uncertain to what extent these latter changes may reflect continuing subsyndromal affective fluctuations and whether those can be modulated by therapeutic interventions. Method: We report functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings during performance of the n-back working memory task in a bipolar patient who showed a marked improvement in subsyndromal affective symptoms after receiving eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the context of a clinical trial. Results: The patient's clinical improvement was accompanied by marked changes in functional imaging, as compared to 30 healthy subjects. fMRI changes were noted particularly in deactivation, with failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex partially normalizing after treatment. Conclusions: This case supports the potential therapeutic overall benefit of EMDR in traumatized bipolar patients and suggests a possible neurobiological mechanism of action: normalization of default mode network dysfunction. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Keywords: Bipolar Disorder Subsyndromal Affective Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

359. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Santed, A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro. F., & Amann, B. L. (2013, March). EMDR therapy modulates the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient. Neuropsychobiology, 67(3), 181-184. doi:10.1159/000346654.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Keywords: Bipolar Disorder Subsyndromal Affective Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

360. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Santed, A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro. F., & Amann, B. L. (2013, March). EMDR therapy modulates the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient. Neuropsychobiology, 67(3), 181-184. doi:10.1159/000346654.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Keywords: Bipolar Disorder Subsyndromal Affective Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

361. Murray, K. (2010, September/October). EMDR to reduce fears of recurrence of breast cancer. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
How can we support women with breast cancer (BC) in their bio-psycho-social healing? Are fearsof recurrence inevitable or a re-experiencing of unresolved BC diagnosis and treatment experiences? Participants will identify traumatic stress symptoms in women with BC, and the impacton treatment, quality of life, and fears of recurrence; review the seven cancer treatment stages, and potential traumas, triggers, and EMDR interventions of each; describe phase two interventions to manage worry, develop healing imagery and promote coping and positive health behaviors; and explain how past-present-future targeting can address fears of recurrence. Expanded from 2008, this workshop draws on psycho-oncology literature, clinical observations, and one client’s EMDR journey from “coping” to “living”.

Keywords: Breast Cancer

Accuracy Verified: Yes

362. Murray, K. (2008, September). EMDR to reduce fears of recurrence of breast cancer - Including phantom breast pain. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Distress and fears of recurrence following breast cancer treatment are viewed through the lens AIP. Through review of research and case presentation of one stage III client, participants will be able identify traumatic stress symptoms in women with breast cancer and the factors that predict distress; describe how intrusion, hyperarousal and avoidance can impact cancer treatment and quality of life, including fears of recurrence; apply research on the use of EMDR with phantom limb pain to the phantom sensations experienced by many women following mastectomy; and identify treatment considerations in the use of the eight phases of EMDR to improve quality of life and decrease fears of recurrence.

Keywords: Breast Cancer Phantom Breast Pain Phantom Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

363. Vogelmann-Sine, S., Sine, L., & Smyth, N. (1999, October). EMDR to reduce stress and trauma-related symptoms during recovery from chemical dependency. International Journal of Stress Management, 6(4), 285-290. doi:10.1023/A:1021996406108.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The following letter from S. Vogelmann-Sine, L. Sine, and N. Smyth discusses a unique application of a therapeutic method termed "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)" to chemical dependency, suggesting effects of EMDR additional to its impact on symptoms of current and prior stress/trauma in a patient's life. The method of EMDR ordinarily consists of a number of brief "desensitization" periods during a treatment session in which a patient focuses on imaginal material in relation to movements. These desensitization periods are interrupted by the therapist who will probe for associations and redirect the images for the next period. In addition, the EMDR involves "processing" of negative self-cognitions in relation to the stressor(s) and "installation" of positive self-statements in the course of therapy. Other components of the method are detailed by F. Shapiro(see record 1995-98132-000) in the reference cited by Vogelmann-Sine et al in their letter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Drug Dependency Emotional Trauma Human Patients Letter Stress Symptoms Trauma-Related Symptoms During Chemical Recovery

Accuracy Verified: Yes

364. Hase, M. (2010, June). EMDR to treat substance abuse and addiction. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The comorbidity of PTSD and substance abuse provides sufficient reason for treating patients, who are addicted, with EMDR while focusing on the PTSD diagnosis. However, there are several pathways leading to addiction, and PTSD is only one of them. Thirty years of addiction research have provided sufficient evidence for the crucial role of memory in drug dependency. The Addiction Memory (AM) serves as a useful concept for "obsessive-compulsive craving" to be seen in drug addicted patients. The concept of an AM, and its importance in relapse occurrence and maintenance of learned addictive behaviour, has gained growing acceptance in the field of addiction research and treatment. The AM is interpreted as an individual-acquired memory following drug consumption in some individuals. The addiction memory is based on normal memory systems and systems of central nervous information processing. This neurobiological-based, imprinted, addictive behaviour seems to resist change under normal circumstances. The implicit nature of the addiction memory seems to qualify it as a target for EMDR treatment.
In a pilot-study group, 34 patients with chronic alcohol dependency in in-patient treatment for detoxification were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU+EMDR. In the TAU+EMDR group, patients received two sessions of EMDR focussing on memories of intense craving or relapse in order to activate and reprocess the addiction memory. The craving for alcohol was measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive-Drinking-Scale (OCDS) pre, post, and 1 month after treatment. The TAU+EMDR group showed a significant reduction in craving post-treatment and 1 month after treatment whereas TAU did not. The TAU+EMDR group showed lower relapse rates at the six-month follow-up. The results indicate that EMDR might be a useful approach for the treatment of addiction memory and associated symptoms of craving (Hase et al. 2008). Anecdotal reports show results with opiate and stimulant addicted patients.
This Workshop will address the EMDR treatment of comorbid PTSD and focuses on the application of EMDR as an adjunct in addiction treatment. Targets for a comprehensive EMDR treatment plan will be explained. A video demonstration, self-experience and discussion of cases shall contribute to learning.
REFERENCES Boening, J. A. (2001). Neurobiology of an addiction memory. J Neural Transm 108(6): 755-65.
Hase, M., Schallmayer, S. and Sack, M (2008). "EMDR reprocessing of the addiction memory: Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up" J EMDR 2 (3), 170-179.

Keywords: Addiction Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Substance Abuse TAU Treatment As Usual

Accuracy Verified: Yes

365. Knipe, J. (2012, June). EMDR toolbox [La Caja de herramientas en EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR has had a profound positive impact on the lives of many clients and has been shown in more than seventeen published trials to be effective in the treatment of PTSD (Maxfield & Hyer, 2002). However, the DSM IV definition of PTSD is focused on the single traumatic incident, and many clients seeking relief in therapy have a damaging traumatic history that extended over repeated events or over long periods of time. The term, Complex PTSD (Herman, 1992, van der Kolk, 2005) has been proposed to describe a pattern of negative effects of prolonged and extreme stress, particularly during childhood. The focus of this workshop is to describe a theoretical framework, and specific therapy “tools” which may be useful in providing effective therapy, within the EMDR Adaptive Information Processing Model, to individuals suffering with Complex PTSD. Important concepts and particular interventions will be illustrated through video examples and transcripts from therapy sessions. Dr. Knipe will present methods for identifying and treating specific dissociative symptoms with accompanying evidence from available research or case studies. He will offer EMDR “tools” that can be used to make the healing power of EMDR more available to clients who are avoidant, and/or highly vulnerable to dissociative abreaction, chronic shame, and unrealistic idealization of self or of others. He will discuss the primary characteristics of clients with Complex PTSD, including problems with disrupted attachment and inappropriate psychological defenses. He will illustrate how to identify various Ego-‐States and work with these within the Adaptive Information Processing Therapy Approach. Time will be available for participants to discuss difficult EMDR cases.

EMDR ha tenido un profundo efecto sobre la vida de muchos clientes y ha demostrado en más de diecisiete ensayos publicados, ser eficaz para el tratamiento del TEPT (Maxfield & Hyer, 2002). Sin embargo, la definición del DSM IV del TEPT está centrada en el incidente traumático único, mientras que en muchos de los clientes que buscan el alivio a través de la terapia su historial traumático incluye episodios traumáticos repetidos o que se extienden a lo largo de períodos prolongados de tiempo. Se ha propuesto el término TEPT complejo (Herman, 1992, van der Kolk, 2005) para describir un patrón de efectos negativos derivados una situación de estrés prolongado e intenso que ha aparecido principalmente en la infancia. Este taller estará centrado en describir el marco teórico y las “herramientas” terapéuticas específicas que pueden ser necesarias para proporcionar , dentro del modelo de procesamiento adaptativo de la información de EMDR, una terapia eficaz a los individuos que sufran de un cuadro de TEPT complejo. Los conceptos importantes y las intervenciones concretas que se realizan serán ejemplificadas mediante ejemplos en vídeo y mediante transcripciones de sesiones de terapia. El Dr. Knipe presentará diversos métodos que permitan identificar y tratar los síntomas disociativos específicos, los cuales irán acompañado de la evidencia de que se dispone procedente de la investigación existente o de los estudios de casos. Ofrecerá, además, aquellas “herramientas”de EMDR que pueden ser empleadas para que el poder sanador del EMDR esté más disponible para aquellos clientes con comportamientos evitativos y/o que son extremadamente sensibles a experimentar abreacciones disociativas, vergüenza crónica o conceptos idealizados de sí mismos o de los demás no realistas. Comentará también cuales son las características principales de los pacientes que padecen de TEPT complejo, entre los que se incluyen los vínculos afectivos perturbados y los mecanismos de defensa psicológica inadecuados. Ilustrará, igualmente, cómo poder identificar los diversos estados del ego que se producen y cómo trabajar con ellos en el marco del procesamiento adaptativo de la información. Se dispondrá de un tiempo adicional para comentar con los participantes los casos difíciles que se presenten con EMDR.

Keywords: EMDR Toolbox

Accuracy Verified: Yes

366. Forgash, C. (2009, August). An EMDR treatment approach to addressing health problems of complex trauma survivors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: In this workshop, the EMDR clinician will learn how to deal with the effects of trauma, PTSD, illness, and chronic pain often suffered by complex trauma clients. Participants will understand how these issues interfere with access to healthcare and successful treatment. This workshop will demonstrate how to help the client avoid retraumatization in healthcare settings, by teaching interventions within the preparation phase for management of dissociation and affective problems, as well as PTSD symptoms. Clinicians will learn how to develop connections between present health problems (chronic illness, pain) and earlier trauma, to develop specific EMDR targets for reprocessing. This workshop will emphasize skills development and future template work.

Keywords: Health Problems Trauma Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

367. Ahmad, A., Larsson, B., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2007). EMDR treatment for children with PTSD: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61(5), 349-354. doi:10.1080/08039480701643464.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The objective of the study was to examine the efficacy of EMDR treatment for children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with untreated children in a waiting list control group (WLC) participating in a randomized controlled superiority trial (RCT). Thirty-three 6-16-year-old children with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD were randomly assigned to eight weekly EMDR sessions or the WLC group. The Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Scale for Children (PTSS-C scale) was used in interviews with children to evaluate their symptoms and outcome. Post-treatment scores of the EMDR group were significantly lower than the WLC indicating improvement in total PTSS-C scores, PTSD-related symptom scale, and the subscales re-experiencing and avoidance among subjects in the EMDR group, while untreated children improved in PTSD-non-related symptom scale. The improvement in re-experiencing symptoms proved to be the most significant between-group difference over time. The results of the present exploratory study including a limited number of children with PTSD are encouraging and warrant further controlled studies of larger samples of children suffering from PTSD. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Children Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Random Control Trial RCT Trauma Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

368. Bossini, L., Tavanti, M., Calossi, S., Polizzotto, N. R., Vatti, G., Marino, D., & Castrogiovanni, P. (2011, Spring). EMDR treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder, with focus on hippocampal volumes: A pilot study. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 23(2), E1-E2. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.23.2.E1.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Recent studies have suggested that hippocampal neurogenesis may be stimulated by successful treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), either by drugs1–4 or by behavioral interventions. 5 Three investigations have evaluated the effects of pharmacotherapies and have suggested that antidepressant treatments may increase hippocampal volume.1–3 Lindauer and colleagues. 6 examined the effects of a psychotherapy intervention, the Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy, on hippocampal volumes and observed no changes on hippocampal volumes upon amelioration of PTSD symptoms. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Hippocamal Volumes Letter Pilot Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

369. Bossini, L., Tavanti, M., & Costrogiovanni, P. (2008, June). EMDR treatment for PTSD: Effect on hippocampal volume. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Animal and human subjects studies have shown that psychotropic drugs promote hippocampus neurogenesis and block or modulate the effects of stress on the hippocampus. However, the only study that has investigated the effects of psychotherapy on hippocampus volume failed to show any volumetric increase (1). Purpose of the Study: Aim of the study is to assess the effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment on hippocampal volume and on PTSD symptoms in ten drug-free patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Methods Used: First, we have compared hippocampal volumes of 10 drug-free patients with chronic PTSD to 10 case-matched non-PTSD comparison subjects. PTSD diagnosis and severity were established by the administration the Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (CAPS) (Phase 1). Second, we have assessed the effect of three months of EMDR treatment on hippocampal volumes and on PTSD symptoms of 10 outpatients with PTSD (Phase 2). Results: Phase 1 -A p less than .05 was chosen to indicate statistical significance. The results showed that patients had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes at baseline compared to the control subjects. Phase 2 - EMDR treatment resulted in a significant increase of right and left hippocampal volumes and in a significantly decrease of CAPS total score. Conclusions: The first part of this study confirmed that PTSD patients have smaller hippocampal volumes if compared to comparison subjects. The second part suggests that EMDR treatment is associated with a significant improvement of PTSD symptoms and an increase in hippocampal volumes.

Keywords: Hippocampal Volume Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

370. Mevissen, L., Lievegoed, R., & de Jongh, A. (2010, March). EMDR treatment in people with mild ID and PTSD: 4 cases. Psychiatric Quarterly, 82(1), 43-57. doi:10.1007/s11126-010-9147-x.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Although there is evidence to suggest that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are likely to be more susceptible to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than persons in the general population, until now only eight case reports on the treatment of people with ID suffering from PTSD symptoms have been published. In an effort to enrich the literature on this subject, the aim was to investigate the applicability of an evidence-based treatment for PTSD (i.e., EMDR) in four people with mild ID, suffering from PTSD following various kinds of trauma. In all cases PTSD symptoms decreased and the gains were maintained at 3 months to 2.5 year follow-up. In addition, depressive symptoms and physical complaints subsided, and social and adaptive skills improved. It is concluded that clients' improvements converge to suggest the applicability of EMDR in people with mild ID. Difficulties involved in arriving at an accurate PTSD diagnosis in ID clients are discussed.

Keywords: ID Intellectual Disabilities Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

371. de Roos, C., & de Jongh, A. (2008). EMDR treatment of children and adolescents with a choking phobia. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 201-211. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.201.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Given the limited number of reported cases in literature, it might be concluded that it is rare to develop a choking phobia in childhood. However, it appears as though confusion in terminology and the time lapse between the onset of the disorder and treatment often results in the diagnosis being missed. In this article, we discuss a review of the clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, etiology, and treatment options for choking phobia. We present a case series, describing the successful EMDR treatment of choking phobia for 4 children and adolescents, with positive outcomes achieved in 1 or 2 sessions. In addition, a detailed transcript is presented of a 15-year-old girl with a choking phobia related to an incident that occurred 5 years previously. The rapid elimination of symptoms in all 4 cases indicates that EMDR can be an effective treatment for choking phobias resulting from previous disturbing events. Randomized research on this promising intervention is strongly suggested.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Choking Phobia Specific Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

372. Manon, M. (2007). EMDR Treatment of family abuse: Eye movement to "I" movement. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 95-110). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter presents an inside view of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) narrated by a client who was requested to tell her story to educate clinicians and clients so that others might be healed. The client's vivid account of her emotional history, along with the description of various memories targeted in treatment and the results of her processing sessions, provide an illustration of the therapy. Her emotional upheaval and adult relationships are a reflection of the cauldron of abuse, deceit, and chaos intrinsic to her family of origin. As indicated by the Adaptive Information Processing model, her symptoms were largely the result of the earlier negative experiences from childhood that were dysfunctionally stored in her brain. These memories had inherent within them the emotions and perspectives that generated her negative sense of self and inability to function happily in the world. The processing of the memories of these early events resulted in accelerated learning and a concomitant transmutation of her personal identity and self-efficacy. An addendum to the case by Kaslow elucidates the family systems perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Child Abuse Cognitive Processes Early Memories Family Abuse Family Systems Perspective Memories

Accuracy Verified: Yes

373. Konuk, E., & Epozdemir, H. (2011, June). EMDR treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The prevalence of chronic migraine headache in western societies ranges between 12-24% for women and 5-12% for men. In Turkey, about 21% of women and 11% of men suffer from migraine. It is one of the most disabling problems that a person can have. Pharmacological treatment and behavioral interventions are the most widely used approaches for migraine. The term ‘chronic’ implies that the problem is not solvable. In this case it means that although pharmacological treatments and behavioral interventions meaningfully reduce the pain for some of the patients, there remains a population of headache sufferers who get large amounts of medicine, have to go to the emergency room frequently because of too much pain prolonged over many hours and at times days. Furthermore, some medications have moderate to severe adverse effects or contraindicate with clients’ existing conditions. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that was developed to reduce or eliminate the symptoms resulting from unresolved traumatic memories. Recently EMDR treatment has provided promising results in alleviating chronic pain and increasing sufferers’ psychological wellbeing. Research pointing out the neurobiological similarities found in patients who suffers PTSD and chronic pain, encouraged many clinician and researcher to explore the utilization of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. We developed the EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in order to obtain and maintain a high level of treatment fidelity and stick to scientific rigor and as a guide for future research. In collaboration with a public hospital in Turkey, we conducted a pilot study with chronic migraine patients diagnosed also as having chronic daily headache. The study continues with an enlarged sample and the present analyses revealed that there was a significant decrease in the frequency, the duration and the strength of the headaches of patients treated with the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol. Besides, the number of the Emergency Care visits and the amount of medication taken were also decreased significantly in patients treated with EMDR. Learning objectives: The major aim of this workshop, is to present to the participants, how to use The EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol in the treatment of patients diagnosed as having both Chronic Migraine and Chronic Daily Headache (CDH). Participants will gain detailed information about how to use EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in emergency cases too. There will be DVD recordings of sessions demonstrating how to intervene a migraine attack during a session and also how the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol is used for the treatment of chronic migraine headache.

Keywords: Headache Migraine

Accuracy Verified: Yes

374. Konuk, E., Epozdemir, H., & Haciomeroglu, S. (2012, June). EMDR treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache [Tratamiento de migrañas y cefalea diaria y crónica con EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The prevalence of chronic migraine headache in western societies ranges between 12-‐24% for women and 5-‐12% for men. In Turkey, about 21% of women and 11% of men suffer from migraine. It is one of the most disabling problems that a person can have. Pharmacological treatment and behavioral interventions are the most widely used approaches for migraine. The term ‘chronic’ implies that the problem is not solvable. In this case it means that although pharmacological treatments and behavioral interventions meaningfully reduce the pain for some of the patients, there remains a population of headache sufferers who get large amounts of medicine, have to go to the emergency room frequently because of too much pain prolonged over many hours and at times days. Furthermore, some medications have moderate to severe adverse effects or contraindicate with clients’ existing conditions. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that was developed to reduce or eliminate the symptoms resulting from unresolved traumatic memories. Recently EMDR treatment has provided promising results in alleviating chronic pain and increasing sufferers’ psychological wellbeing. Research pointing out the neurobiological similarities found in patients who suffers PTSD and chronic pain, encouraged many clinician and researcher to explore the utilization of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. We developed the EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in order to obtain and maintain a high level of treatment fidelity and stick to scientific rigor and as a guide for future research. In collaboration with a public hospital in Turkey, we conducted a pilot study with chronic migraine patients diagnosed also as having chronic daily headache. The study continues with an enlarged sample and the present analyses revealed that there was a significant decrease in the frequency, the duration and the strength of the headaches of patients treated with the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol. Besides, the number of the Emergency Care visits and the amount of medication taken were also decreased significantly in patients treated with EMDR. The major aim of this workshop, is to present to the participants, how to use The EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol in the treatment of patients diagnosed as having both Chronic Migraine and Chronic Daily Headache (CDH). Participants will gain detailed information about how to use EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in emergency cases too. There will be DVD recordings of sessions demonstrating how to intervene a migraine attack during a session and also how the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol is used for the treatment of chronic migraine headache. The assessment tools used for the project will be given to participants as hand outs

La prevalencia de migraña crónica en las sociedades occidentales oscila entre el 12-‐24% entre las mujeres y el 5-‐12% en los hombres. En Turquía, alrededor del 21% de las mujeres y 11% de los hombres sufren jaquecas. Es una de las dolencias más discapacitantes que se pueda tener. Los tratamientos más habituales para tratar las migrañas son de tipo farmacológico e intervenciones conductuales. El término ‘crónico’ implica que el problema no tiene solución. En este caso, significa que aunque los tratamientos farmacológicos y conductuales reducen el dolor significativamente en algunos pacientes, sigue habiendo una población de individuos que sufren cefaleas y que reciben grandes cantidades de medicamentos, que tienen que acudir a urgencias con frecuencia debido a que sufren demasiado dolor que se prolonga durante muchas horas y, en ocasiones, días. Es más, algunos fármacos tienen efectos secundarios entre moderados y graves o cuyas contraindicaciones incluyen afecciones que padecen los clientes. La desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares (EMDR) supone un planteamiento psicoterapéutico integral desarrollado para reducir o eliminar los síntomas que son consecuencia de recuerdos traumáticos sin resolver. Hace poco, se ha visto que el tratamiento con EMDR ha logrado resultados prometedores en el alivio del dolor crónico y que aumenta el bienestar psicológico de las personas afectadas. Las investigaciones que señalan las similitudes neurobiológicas detectadas entre los pacientes que sufren TEPT y los que padecen el dolor crónico han animado a muchos clínicos e investigadores a explorar el empleo de EMDR en el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Hemos desarrollado el protocolo de EMDR para tratar la migraña crónica para conseguir y mantener un alto nivel de fidelidad terapéutico y para mantener el rigor científico, además de para que sirva para orientar la investigación en el futuro. En colaboración con un hospital público en Turquía, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio piloto en pacientes con un diagnóstico de migraña crónica diaria. El estudio sigue en curso con una muestra ampliada y los análisis actuales han mostrado que ha habido una disminución significativa en la frecuencia, duración e intensidad de las cefaleas de los pacientes tratados con el protocolo de EMDR para tratar la cefalea crónica. Es más, el número de visitas a urgencias y la cantidad de fármacos administrados también se redujo de forma significativa en los pacientes tratados con EMDR.

Keywords: Headaches Migraines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

375. Phillips, K. M., Freund, B., Fordiani, J., Kuhn, R., & Ironson, G. (2009). EMDR treatment of past domestic violence: A clinical vignette. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 192-197. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.192.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study describes the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for a woman who met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to past domestic violence. Outcome measures were used to assess the client's symptoms at intake, after the third and sixth active EMDR sessions, and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. In addition to the use of outcome measures, at 3-month follow-up the client was evaluated by a therapist who was blind to the type of treatment the client had received. Results indicated that after nine active sessions of EMDR, the client no longer met criteria for PTSD and no longer endorsed symptoms of depression or intrusive thoughts. Thus, EMDR was successful in treating PTSD symptoms associated with past domestic violence, and effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up.

Keywords: Domestic Violence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Outcome

Accuracy Verified: Yes

376. Young, W. (1994, June). EMDR treatment of phobic symptoms in multiple personality disorder. Dissociation, 7(2), 129-133.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Two multiple personality disorder patients with severe, persistent phobias were treated using Eye Movement Desensitization/Reprocessing (EMDR). Both patients achieved significantly beneficial results with a single session in one patient and two sessions in another. Each patient confronted the previously phobic object successfully showing an objective measure of success and results were maintained at six months follow-up. Caution should be exercised from generalizing the use of EMDR for specific target symptoms to using it as a total treatment technique. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of EMDR as a treatment procedure in general and its role in the overall treatment of dissociative conditions. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Child Abuse DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Incest Phobia Rape Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

377. Haour, F., Meignant, I., & De Beaurepaire, C. (2012, June). EMDR treatment of sexual traumas in a child offender [Tratamiento EMDR de traumas sexuales en un pedófilo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Child offenders have been abused 3 to 6 time more than controls during childhood and these figures are probably grossly underestimated. Most of them exhibit all or many symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) in association with anxiety-‐depression-‐addiction. TCC treatments are useful but with limited efficacy (Brooks-‐ Gordon B et al, Journal of forensic Psychiatry and Pathology, 2006; 17:442-‐466). The treatment by the EMDR approach of the traumatic memories should be beneficial to these patients. Previous work (Ricci RJ et al, Journal of forensic Psychiatry and Pathology, 2006; 17:538-‐562) has provided preliminary results in child molesters. Clinical Case: A 40 years old male convicted and jailed for sexual abuse (pedophilia) at 33 years of age. He lives with a wife and a son (9 year old) and has a regular job. His medications are: antipsychotic, antidepressor, antiepileptic, anxiolytic and anti androgens. He sees regularly a psychologist but is submitted to anxious attacks and pedophilic desires. He usually needs to be hospitalized several weeks twice a year. Following assessment and psychological evaluation (DSM IV, PCLS, SOS, BECK 21, DES) and case conceptualisation, the traumatic events were desensitized and reprocessed through EMDR treatment: rape and sexual abuse by an older brother from 5 to 12, familial humiliations, rape under threat, at 11 year of age by an adult, accusation by a 13 years old partner at 33 years of age, prison, trial, etc. The themes of the first 8 EMDR sessions (first 3 months) were: helplessness/control, danger/ security, and will be exposed in details. The changes in the patient appreciation of himself and his symptoms were followed during this period. A sharp decline in the anxiety scores (Beck 21) and a rapid increase in the SOS (Schwartz outcome scale: quality of life) were observed. At the same time the pedophilic desires were disappearing. This allowed the psychiatrist to reduce the antiandrogenic treatments as well as antipsychotic, antiepileptic and antidepressor. Nine month after the beginning of therapy the patient was without antiandrogens. The SOS scores remained high but episodes of anxiety and depression were still present (9 to 12 months after beginning of EMDR treatment). In conclusion, desensitization of traumatic memories lied to a dramatic improvement of anxiety and changes in sexual desire in a man convicted for pedophilia.

Los abusadores sexuales han sido, durante la infancia, víctimas de abusos sexuales de 3 a 6 veces más que los controles y estos datos están lejos de aproximarse a un dato real. Muchos de ellos exhiben todos o muchos, síntomas del Trastorno de Estrés Post-‐traumático (TEPT) en asociación con ansiedad, depresión o adicciones. Los tratamiento TCC son útiles pero de limitada eficacia. (Brooks-‐ Gordon B et al, Journal of forensic Psychiatry and Pathology, 2006; 17:442-‐466). El tratamiento a través de EMDR de los recuerdos traumáticos debería ser beneficioso para el paciente. En trabajos previos (Ricci RJ et al, Journal of forensic Psychiatry and Pathology, 2006; 17:538-‐562) han mostrado resultados preliminares en pedófilos. Caso Clínico: Un convicto varón, 40 años, entró en la cárcel por abusos sexuales (Pedofilia) a la edad de 33 años. Vive con su mujer y su hijo (9 años de edad) y posee un trabajo estable. Su tratamiento farmacológico es: Antipsicóticos, antidepresivos, antiepilépticos, ansiolíticos y anti-‐andrógenos. Muestra un patrón psicológico regular pero está supeditado a ataques de ansiedad y deseos pedófilos. Normalmente necesita ser hospitalizado durante varias semanas 2 veces al año. Siguiendo las tareas y la evaluación psicológica (DSM IV, PCLS, SOS, BECK 21, DES), conceptualización del caso, los eventos traumáticos donde se ha aplicado el tratamiento EMDR: Violación y abuso sexual por su hermano mayor desde los 5 hasta los 12 años, humillaciones familiares, violación bajo amenaza por un adulto a la edad de 11 años., acusación por un niño de 13 años, ingreso en prisión, juicio… Las temáticas en las primeras 8 sesiones de EMDR (los primeros 3 meses) fueron: Desesperanza/Control, peligro/ Seguridad, y serán expuestas en detalle. Se hizo un seguimiento de los cambios apreciados por el paciente y sus síntomas. Una fuerte bajada de las puntuaciones en ansiedad (Beck21) y un rápido aumento de la SOS (Schwartz outcome scale: quality of life) fueron observadas. Al mismo tiempo que los deseos pedófilos iban desapareciendo. Esto permitía al psiquiatra reducir los tratamiento antiandrogénicos, antiepilépticos, antidepresores y antipsicóticos. Nueve meses más tarde del comienzo del tratamiento el paciente abandonó los antiandrógenos. Las puntaciones del SOS seguían altas pero los episodios de ansiedad y depresión seguían presentes (de 9 a 12 meses después del tratamiento EMDR) En conclusión, desensibilizar recuerdos dramáticos ligados a una espectacular mejora de la ansiedad y cambios en el deseo sexual del convicto por pedofilia.

Keywords: Child Offenders Sexual Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

378. Rost, C., Hofmann, A., & Wheeler, K. (2009). EMDR treatment of workplace trauma: A case series. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 80-90. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.80.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Violence and aggression in the workplace is an increasing international concern. No studies have yet determined the most efficacious psychotherapeutic strategies to alleviate the consequences of workplace violence, and none have identified interventions that might fortify workers who are repeatedly exposed to danger. This case series describes the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of seven bank employees and one transportation worker who suffered repeated acute traumatization. The Impact of Events Scale, the Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome 10-Questions Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to measure changes in symptom severity. Results showed that EMDR effectively reduced symptoms and may provide a possible protective buffer in situations of ongoing workplace violence.

Keywords: Bank Robbery Trauma Resilience Workplace Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

379. Gimm, E. (2010, June). EMDR treatment with very young children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The use of EMDR is extremely helpful especially in the treatment of very young children. The presentation will demonstrate the work with both an acute and a complex traumatized child of the age under 4 years. The acute traumatized child (6 month old) was traumatized by medical treatment that was vitally necessary. After the stay in the clinic the child expressed symptoms of PTSD. The child was treated in 4 sessions: in 2 of these sessions the baby got EMDR treatment with trauma narratives. The complex traumatized child is a boy now 4 years old. The EMDR treatment started when he was 2,7 years. As a baby he was physically extremely abused and showed strong symptoms. The participants will see that even in such a young child affect bridges turn up during the EMDR-Treatment. Memories which were dissociated till that moment came back and could be processed. Work with a continuous trauma narrative that is illustrated by the therapist will be presented and later work with the child adapted EMDR standard protocol. 8y these two cases participants will learn more about trauma focused diagnostics, treatment possibilities and treatment course in very young children and babies; the presentation will be illustrated by video clips.

Keywords: Children Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

380. Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011, April). EMDR Treatment: Less Than Meets the Eye? - Update. Quackwatch. Retrieved from http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/emdr.html 0n November 3, 2011..

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The most reasonabIe conclusion to be drawn from the extant literature is that EMDR is no more effective than standard treatments that rely on exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli and is almost certainly effective because it happens to incorporate such exposure. In the words of Harvard psychologist Richard McNally, "What is effective in EMDR is not new, and what is new is not effective." Importantly, controlled data do not support the use of EMDR for anxiety disorders other than PTSD (e.g., phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder), mood disorders, sexual disorders, eating disorders, or psychotic disorders, although it is commonly used to treat the symptoms of these and other conditions. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Skepticism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

381. Kennert, G. (2008). EMDR und biofeedback in der behandlung von posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen [EMDR and biofeedback in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder]. Forum Psychotherapeutische Praxis, 8(1), 45-46. doi:10.1026/1860-7357.8.1.45b.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract: rezensiert von Gabriele Kennert, In dem von Stefan Jacobs und Anna de Jong vorgestellten Behandlungskonzept werden die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie, das EMDR-Verfahren sowie Biofeedback miteinander kombiniert, um die Angstreaktion im Rahmen traumatisierender Erinnerungen zu verringern bzw. zu hemmen und somit auch die Symptomatik der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung abzubauen. Im ersten Teil des Buches gehen die Autoren eingehend auf den theoretischen Hintergrund (Neurophysiologie, Hirnfunktionen) ein, die mit der neuronalen Bahnung von traumatisierenden Erinnerungen einhergehen. Hierbei vertreten sie die These, dass sich die neuronalen Bahnungen der Traumata nicht löschen lassen, dass sozusagen die Angstreaktion in der Amygdalaregion im Gehirn löschungsresistent ist und es somit in der Konsequenz im Therapieziel nur um die Verringerung der Angstreaktion, bzw. Hemmung der Angstreaktion gehen könne. Konkret modifizieren die Autoren innerhalb des kognitiv, verhaltenstherapeutischen Vorgehens das Modell von Ehlers und Clark, ebenso das EMDR-Verfahren von Shapiro. Das Biofeedbackverfahren nutzen die Autoren als diagnostisches Instrument, um die subjektiven Bewertungen seitens der Patienten und Patientinnen auch objektiv überprüfbar zu machen mit Hilfe der Messung der elektrodermalen Aktivität (EDA). Im zweiten Teil des Buches beschreiben sie detailliert eine wissenschaftliche Studie an 16 Patienten und Patientinnen, die an dem Behandlungsprogramm an der Universität Göttingen teilgenommen haben. Hierbei sei bei allen Patienten und Patientinnen eine signifikante positive Symptomveränderung der PTB nachzuweisen gewesen. Im weiteren Teil des Buches stellen sie ihr ausführliches Therapiekonzept und Behandlungsprotokoll vor. Es wird eingehend auf die Diagnostik (psychologische Testverfahren sowie Biofeedback eingegangen, ein wichtiger Teil ist die Informationsvermittlung sowie Stabilisierung für die Patienten und Patientinnen. Danach erfolgt die Traumabehandlung mit Konfrontation und Integration. Wert wird hierbei in Abgrenzung zu Shapiro auf die frühzeitige Verbindung zur positiven Kognition gelegt in Verbindung mit Hausaufgaben, die die Patienten zwischen den Sitzungen bekommen mit eingehenden Verhaltensübungen. Die Autoren grenzen ein, dass ihre Methode nicht für alle Patienten und Patie tinnen geeignet ist, sondern dissoziative Störungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen sowie Suchtproblematik explizit ausgeschlossen seien. Die Stabilisierungsübungen werden praktisch beschrieben (Sicherer Ort, Tresor), ebenso die praktische Anwendung des Biofeedbackverfahrens sowie das Behandlungsprotokoll für EMDR. Gegen Ende des Bandes schließen sich Fallstudien aus der Arbeit der Autoren an, um die Praxis zu verdeutlichen. Im Anhang gibt es Adressenverzeichnisse über den Bezug von Tests, Biofeedbackgeräten oder Lehrfilmen. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass der Band kurzgefasst, sehr übersichtlich und konkret sowie praxisnah das neuropsychotherapeutische Behandlungsprogramm darstellt, so dass dies hilfreich für die psychotherapeutische Praxis in Bezug auf Traumabehandlungen erscheint. Das Buch richtet sich an Fachleute und ist für Laien eher weniger geeignet.

In the presented text by Stefan Jacobs and Anna de Jong, the treatments approached are the cognitive-behavioral therapy, the EMDR method and biofeedback combined to the fear reaction Framework to reduce traumatic memories or to inhibit and thus the symptoms of reduce post-traumatic stress disorder. In the first part of the book, the authors detail to the theoretical background (neurophysiology, Brain functions, a), the facilitation of the neuronal accompanied by traumatic memories. Here, they argued that the neuronal Facilitations of trauma can not be cleared, so to speak, that the fear response in the Amygdalaregion Brain is resistant to extinction and thus in consequence the goal of therapy just to reduce the fear response, and inhibiting the fear response could. Specifically, the authors modify within the cognitive, behavioral approach, the model by Ehlers and Clark, as well as the method of EMDR Shapiro. The biofeedback method, the authors use as a diagnostic tool for the subjective evaluation on the part of the patients also making objectively verifiable by measuring electrodermal activity (EDA). In the second part of the book they describe in detail a scientific study of 16 male and female patients, where the treatment program at the University Göttingen participated. Here is at all patients, and patients had a significant positive Detect symptom change the PTB hav