Francine Shapiro Library ~ EMDR Bibliography

Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links

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1. Everly, G. S. Jr., & Lating, J. M. (2002). A clinical guide to the treatment of the human stress response, 2nd ed. Springer Publishing Company.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This updated edition of A Clinical Guide to the Treatment of the Human Stress Response reflects the dramatic changes in this field over the past decade. This edition covers a range of new topics, including stress and the immune system, post-traumatic stress and crisis intervention, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), Crisis Management Briefings in response to mass disasters and terrorism, Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM), spirituality and religion as stress management tools, dietary factors and stress, and updated information on psychopharmacologic intervention in the human stress response. As with the previous edition, this volume is designed as a comprehensive and accessible guide to both the clinically relevant physiology and treatment of the human stress response. Discussion of treatment protocols, using selected behavioral treatment strategies, is purposefully brief and clinically targeted. Supplemental information for practitioners includes a flow chart on the nature of stress physiology, a relaxation report form, specific protocols for teaching the relaxation response, a self-report checklist designed for health education purposes, and over 700 references. [Springer] Springer Series on Stress and Coping

Keywords: Human Stress Response

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. Robertson, J. M., & Williams, B. W. (2010). "Gender aware therapy" for professional men in a day treatment center. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(3), 316–326. doi:10.1037/a0021163.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
High accountability men in the medical, legal, corporate, and mental health professions sometimes engage in behavior that violates their fiduciary responsibilities. These highly skilled men may engage in disruptive or explosive behavior, cross sexual boundaries with clients or patients, abuse substances, or have other psychiatric problems that compromise their workplace performance. When this occurs, licensing boards, professional societies, or supervising executives often require the dysregulated man to seek assistance. This article reports on ways the Professional Renewal Center incorporates recommendations from “Gender Aware Therapy” in developing a male-friendly approach to conducting comprehensive multidisciplinary psychological assessments, and to providing intensive, multimodal, weeks-long treatment services.

Keywords: Assessment Masculinity Professionals Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. 本多正道 [Honda Masamichi]. (2008年6月). 災害被災者への支援本多正道 [Supporting disaster victims]. こころのりんしょう第27巻02号 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 27(2), 305-310] .

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Disasters Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. 市井雅哉 [Ichii Masaya]. (1997年12月). 眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法(EMDR)の急性ストレス障害(ASD)を示した阪神淡路大震災被災者への適用 : ストレス障害に対するストレスの少ない治療法 [Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to ASD survivors of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake: Treatment with less stress for stress disorder]. バイオフィードバック研究、（24）、38から44 [Japanese Journal of Biofeedback Research, (24), 38-44].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
市井雅哉眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法(EMDR)の急性ストレス障害(ASD)を示した阪神淡路大震災被災者への適用: ストレス障害に対するストレスの少ない治療法バイオフィードバック研究日本バイオフィードバック学会
阪神・淡路大震災の被災者で急性ストレス障害を呈した2名の女性に対して震災1ケ月後にEMDRを適用した.いずれも1セッションで地震への恐怖感は消失した.EMDRをPTSDやASDといったストレス障害の治療に用いることの有効性が示された.治療技法としてのEMDRの特徴として、即効性,クライエント・治療者双方に対してのストレスの少なさを指摘し,作用機序についてこれまで提唱されている仮説について紹介した.

The Author applied EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) to two women survivors, who suffered from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and diagnosed as ASD one month following the earthquake. Within a session, their fears of the earthquake were diminished. The results showed that EMDR is effective for stress disorders like ASD or PTSD. A 25-year-old single woman initially complained of trauma-related imagery (e.g. fire) with an initial SUD level of eight. After four sets of eye movement (EM) the level of distress decreased to zero. After the seventh set of EM, her rating of cognition as "it was over" went up to "completely true." Five months later, these therapeutic changes were maintained without any relapse of symptoms. A married 28-year-old woman, re-experienced earthquake-related symptoms with a strong sense of fear during a therapy session of EMDR. The fear quickly decreased to a level of zero on SUD after the eleventh set of EM. At the same time she reported that she could believe a desirable cognition or that "everything is all right" without any doubt. The author pointed out that the therapeutic characteristics of EMDR are rapid effectiveness and less stress for both clients and therapists. Also some hypotheses of working mechanisms of EMDR were introduced.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Clinical Case Study Earthquake Empirical Study Females Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Lee, C. W., Taylor, G., & Drummond, P. D. (2006, March-April). The active ingredient in EMDR: Is it traditional exposure or dual focus of attention?. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(2), 97-107. doi:10.1002/cpp.479.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This study tested whether the content of participants' responses during EMDR is similar to that thought to be effective for traditional exposure treatments (reliving), or is more consistent with distancing, which would be expected given Shapiro's proposal of dual process of attention. The responses made by 44 participants with PTSD were examined during their first EMDR treatment session. An independent rater coded these responses according to whether they were consistent with reliving, distancing, or focusing on material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement on a measure of PTSD symptoms occurred when the participant processed the trauma in a more detached manner. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggest that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that covaried with improvement. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Attention Australians Cognitive Processes Empirical Study Mechanism of Action Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Quantitative Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Miller, R., & Tay, K. H. (2009, August). Adapting the standard EMDR protocol for clients with mild mental retardation: Some guidelines and implications. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR as a psychotherapeutic approach has been shown to be effective. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the efficacy of EMDR for clients diagnosed with mild mental retardation. The DSM-IV defines mild mental retardation as below average intelligence (IQ between 70 and 55) along with some deficiencies in adaptive functioning skills demonstrated before age 18. The purpose of our clinical project was to explore the applicability of EMDR for our adult clients (n = 12; mean age 22.5) diagnosed with mild mental retardation by adapting the standard protocol. Studies showed that individuals with mental retardation learn and retain information more effectively when materials are presented to them in a visual, concrete, and interactive manner while utilizing the principles of positive reinforcements.
The prevalence of mental health problems and the wide range of clinical symptoms among these individuals have been reported in several studies. Additionally, these adults are misunderstood as being overly limited in their ability to reap any therapeutic benefit from counseling interventions. Prout and Strohmer (1998), for instance, argued that adults with mental retardation do benefit from counseling interventions. However, they stressed the need for more sophisticated or modified use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Psychotherapeutic techniques and models should be modified, if feasible, in regards to language and cognitive levels commensurate with the clients’ background.
Based on our clinical observations, the following are some examples of proposed guidelines to assist the EMDR clinicians in thinking more creatively when adapting the standard protocol.
1) Considerable amount of preparation at the onset of EMDR is necessary, as it plays a pivotal role in ensuring a successful outcome.
2) Visual depiction of the SUDs and VOCs on a scale of 0 through 5, or 0 through 10, depending on the client’s cognitive abilities is beneficial. Use of “faces” to depict concretely various levels of distress should be made.
3) The concepts of PC and NC may be too abstract for some in this population. We assist clients by operationally defining those concepts with the list of commonly used PCs and NCs in simpler language.
4) Coping resources are sometimes limited for these adults. Clients will benefit from having multiple reinforcements of self-soothing skills thorough the installation of the “safe place” and “resources”.
5) Positive reinforcements (e.g., frequent verbal reminders) should be used regularly in sessions throughout treatment. However, be mindful of clients’ desire to please the clinician.
6) Role-playing should be used when feasible throughout treatment, e.g., during the installation of future templates, as it heightens more sensory, affective, and behavioral modes of learning rather than verbal modality alone.
Based on the treatment outcomes reported by our clients, EMDR is an effective treatment option, as evidenced by sustained reduction in their level of distress to traumatic memories. Findings from this clinical project have practice and research implications. First, the standard protocol should be adapted for use with adults with mild mental retardation to achieve optimal gain. Second, empirical research is needed to provide further evidence for the efficacy of EMDR for adults with mild mental retardation.

Keywords: Mental Retardation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Follette, W. C., & Beitz, K. (2003, July). Adding a more rigorous scientific agenda to the empirically supported treatment movement. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 369-386. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003006.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As the empirically supported treatment (EST) effort has expanded, there are efforts to make the study of ESTs a more integral part of training programs. In its present form, the EST list provides a poor model of how to evaluate treatment and scientific issues related to our field. This article offers several suggestions regarding how to establish a more relevant scientific agenda for the committee’swork if the study of ESTs is to usefully influence training programs. Recommendations are made to encourage programs and the CSP to study mechanisms of change, important contextual variables for therapy delivery, the distinction between statistical significance and clinical meaningfulness, dissemination, cost-effectiveness, and iatrogenic effects. It is argued that any program that created a curriculum educating students to thoughtfully address these issues when evaluating therapies would be producing sound clinical scientists regardless of the quality of the EST list itself.

Keywords: Critique Training Committee on Science and Practice CSP Empirically Supported Treatments EST

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. Forgash, C., & Knipe, J. (2007, April). Advanced treatment of dissociation, personality disorders, couple and disaster survivors. Presentation at the annual meeting of Japan EMDR Association, Kyoto, Japan.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Couples Disasters Dissociation Personality Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. Sinici, F., Erden, H. G., & Yurttas, Y. (2009, October). Akut stres bozuklu¤unda bir müdahale tekni¤inin uygulanabilirli¤i: Göz hareketleri ile duyars›zlaflt›rma ve yeniden ‹flleme (EMDR) [Applicability of an intervention technique in acute stress disorder: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Yeni Symposium Journal, 47(4), 178-186.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Akut stres bozukluğu, Türkiye'de giderek artan ve kişinin hayat kalitesini oldukça bozabilen bir sorundur. Bu konuyla ilgili olarak yapılan çalışmalarda hangi tedavi şeklinin daha yararlı olduğu konusunda kesin bir karara varılamamıştır. Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: EMDR] tekniği, travmatik anıların birkaç uygulama oturumunda çözümlenebileceğini ifâde eden bir yaklaşımdır. EMDR oturumlarında hastadan yaşadığı bir travma sahnesi hayâl etmesini, olumsuz benlik imajı, travma ile ilgili olumsuz duyguları ve beden duyumlarını aklında tutması istenmektedir. Hastaya çift taraflı uyarı verilmektedir [gözün sağa sola hareketi, sağ ve sol kulağa verilen ses veya sağ ve sol ele verilen titreşim vb.]. Daha sonra danışana ortaya çıkan görüntü, duygu ve fiziksel duyumları anlatmaktadır. Bu tekrarlanan işlemler hastadaki olumsuz düşünce ve duygular duyarsızlaşıncaya kadar devam etmektedir. Olumsuz duygu ve düşüncelerin yerini olumlu duygu ve düşünceler almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı hastaların hayat kalitelerini bozan ve travma sonrasındaki ilk 4 hafta içinde aşırı korku, çaresizlik veya duygusal tepkisizlikle beraber, diğer belirtilerin de görülebildiği akut stres bozukluğunun tedavisinde yeni bir yöntem olan ve 2 yıldır aktif olarak uyguladığımız göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme [EMDR] tekniği konusunda yazılmış literatür bilgilerini gözden geçirerek bu konuda son yaklaşımların ortaya konulmasını sağlamaktır. Bununla birlikte EMDR tekniğinin yaygınlaştırılarak faâl olarak kullanılması hem hastalar hem de uygulayıcılar açısından büyük yararlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Acute stress disorder is a syndrome that significantly disturbs the quality of life and has been increasingly observed in Turkey. Although there are many studies on this subject, there is no consensus about the best treatment choice. Eye Movements Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR] technique is a novel approach that helps to resolve traumatic memories in a few sessions. In EMDR sessions, patients are asked to think about the trauma scene that has occurred and keep the negative self image and negative feelings about the trauma and bodily feelings in mind. Bilateral stimulation is presented to the patient [right and left movement of the eye, sound to right and left ear and vibration to right and left hand etc]. Later arising images express the feelings and physical sensations. This procedure is repeated until desensitization to negative thought and feelings are achieved. Negative thought and feelings are replaced by positive thought and feelings. Purpose of this study is to review the studies in literature and describe the up-to-date approaches about EMDR technique which is a novel method in treatment of acute stress disorder that disturbs patient quality of life and presents with excessive fear, desperation, emotional desensitization and other symptoms within 4 weeks following the trauma and we have been using this treatment method frequently for more then 2 years. Nevertheless widespread and effective use of EMDR will provide considerable benefit for both patients and the performers.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Behavior Therapy Emotional Disorder Eye Movement Fear Human Memory Disorder Psychologic Assessment Quality of Life Review Stimulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. Formenti, L. (2008, Novembre). Alleanza terapeutica nel trattamento di bambini vittime di disastri collettivi [Therapeutic alliance in the treatment of child victims of mass disasters]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nel lavoro verrà trattata la centralità dell’alleanza terapeutica in un intervento sul trauma effettuato su bambini vittime di disastri collettivi. L’autore illustrerà come tale alleanza risulta essere propedeutica al trattamento con EMDR e quanto sia fondamentale, per una piene riuscita della terapia, la creazione di un’alleanza allargata, che raggiunga anche i genitori e più in generale tutte le figure di accudimento che ruotano attorno ai bambini. Offrire supporto psicologico e EMDR ai genitori, infatti, accresce l’efficacia del trattamento nei bambini in quanto: • L’accordo con i genitori sulle attività terapeutiche che verranno svolte e sugli obiettivi di tale intervento, facilita il lavoro del terapeuta nella fase di preparazione del bambino. • La psicoeducazione fatta al genitore permette a quest’ultimo di aiutare il proprio bambino nello sviluppo di risorse aggiuntive per il contenimento emotivo, utili sia in fase di preparazione che durante la vera e propria elaborazione del trauma. • Il benessere del genitore porta ad una risoluzione più rapida della sintomatologia del bambino, spesso determinata o aggravata proprio dall’intuizione del bambino circa il disagio del genitore e dal suo tentativo di porvi rimedio. Tutto ciò verrà esposto con l’ausilio di due casi clinici di bambini trattati a seguito dell’incidente avvenuto in data 8 maggio 2007 a Stroppiana (VC) nel quale un pullman contenente tutti i bambini della scuola elementare si è ribaltato. 39 bambini sono sopravvissuti, 2 hanno perso la vita.

The work will be treated the centrality of the therapeutic alliance in a speech carried on trauma on child victims of collective disaster. The author illustrates how this alliance appears to be preparatory treatment with EMDR and the fundamental for a full success of therapy, the creation of an enlarged alliance, which also reaches parents and more generally all caregivers that revolve around children. Offer psychological support and EMDR to Parents, in fact, increases the effectiveness of treatment in children because: • The agreement with parents about therapeutic activities to be carried out and the objectives of such intervention, the therapist facilitates the work in preparing the child • The parent psychoeducation made to allow him to help your child development of additional resources for emotional content, useful both during preparation and during the actual processing of the trauma • The welfare of the parent leads to a more rapid resolution of symptoms of child, often determining or increasing the child's own intuition about the inconvenience the parent and its attempt to remedy. This will be explained with the help of two clinical cases of children treated after incident occurred on 8 May 2007 Stroppiana (VC) in which a bus containing all primary school children was overturned. 39 children survivors, 2 have died.

Keywords: Children Mass Disaster Therapeutic Alliance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. Yule, W. (2002). Alleviating the effects of war and displacement on children. Traumatology, 8(3), 160-180. doi:10.1177/153476560200800304.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The mental health of children is severely compromised by war and consequent displacement. Nations have a duty under various UN agreements to alleviate the effects of war on children’s mental health. This paper argues that fostering mental health in communities starts with re-establishing safety, basic health needs, education and recreation. School and other community leaders need education in recognising stress reactions and in providing basic first aid. Large-scale programmes need to be developed and validated for delivery following wars and disasters. Once such validated programme is described. Small group and individual work is also needed. As long as wars and disasters happen, so the international mental health community needs to prepare positively to meet the predictable, but usually unexpected needs.

Keywords: Displaced Children Large Scale Intervention Refugee Children Traumatic Events Traumatization UNICEF War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. Staff. (2002, November/December). Alternative treatments for anxiety disorders: EMDR. Triumph Newsletter.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: The alternative therapy addressed in this article is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) developed by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D. in 1987. One day, while walking in a park, Dr. Shapiro made a connection between her involuntary eye movements and the reduction of her negative thoughts. She decided to explore this link and began to study eye movements in relation to the symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by the development of symptoms after exposure to a traumatic event. Symptoms can include re-experiencing the event - either in flashbacks or nightmares - avoidance of reminders of the event, feeling jumpy, having difficulty sleeping, having an exaggerated startle response, and experiencing feelings of detachment.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. Lee, C. (2005, September). An analysis of critical processes and components in EMDR treatment of trauma memories. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the effectiveness of EMDR. Participants will be presented with information to facilitate their understanding of two competing hypotheses to account for EMDR effectiveness. Namely, because it uses similar processes found effective in traditional exposure treatments (reliving). Alternaitvely according to Shapiro's proposal of dual process of attention, the procedure may be successful because it elicits distancing responses. Participants will be able to describe how these competing hypotheses were investigated. The responses made by 44 participants with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were examined during their first EMDR treatment session. Participants will be able to describe the key process variable found to be effective in EMDR treatment of trauma memories and the extent to which this process is determined by eye movement or by therapist instructions.

Keywords: Dual Attention Mechanism of Action Reliving

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. Villa, M., & Sangiovanni, L. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dell’EMDR ad una nuova popolazione: I pazienti posturali con dolore cronico e con deficit percettivi [Applying EMDR to a new population: Patients postural with chronic pain and perceptual deficits]. Presentazione al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Lo studio riguarda l’applicazione dell’EMDR ai Pazienti affetti da “Sindrome da deficit posturale” (Da Cuña). Il problema coinvolge il 10% della popolazione, di cui il 15% è sintomatico. È di difficile inquadramento, dato che i sintomi somatici che presenta coinvolgono tutti e tre i versanti delle regolazioni automatiche: dolori muscolo-scheletrici migranti, derivanti da disordini posturali; pseudovertigini, da deficit di localizzazione spaziale; disturbi cognitivi (fino alla dislessia), da alterata integrazione percettiva. Le modalità compensatorie a tali deficit possono investire la sfera psicologica (senso profondo di inadeguatezza, ansia, depressione...), sviluppare atteggiamenti strategici di evitamento (agorafobia da deficit di orientamento spaziale), spingere a interpretare reazioni fisiche come se fossero psicologiche (attacchi di panico, enuresi notturna…). Proprio il sottile intreccio tra aspetti somatici e psicologici rende complessa la diagnosi; può capitare infatti che un paziente con problemi di questa natura si rivolga a un terapista somatico (posturologo, osteopata…), che non coglie il problema. Abbiamo così messo a punto un sistema diagnostico che riconosca se l’aspetto psichico sia conseguenza di un vero disturbo somatico o se invece sostenga una serie di somatizzazioni tendenzialmente derivanti da traumi. Nell’uno o nell’altro caso, l’utilizzo dell’EMDR può essere risolutivo: evidentemente sul versante traumatico, ma pure per la desensibilizzazione delle convinzioni negative derivate dalle strategie psicologiche reattive al deficit somatico. Metodi. La valutazione diagnostica e le variazioni sintomatologiche sono state effettuate con DSMIV, SWAP-200, SCL90-R, TAS 20, VAS, anamnesi posturologica, kinesiologia, posturodinamica, riflessi primitivi e sensoriali, valutazione osteopatica, Maddox, stabilometria basale e con challenges). Risultati. Gli interventi su misura hanno ridotto la sintomatologia, come è rappresentato dalle rilevazioni effettuate e dai feedback dei pazienti. La conoscenza integrata, sia che il primo approccio sia psicologico o posturale, consente una diagnosi accurata e dunque una strategia terapeutica sinergica efficace che permette di sbloccare terapie cronicizzate.

The study concerns the application of EMDR in patients with "postural deficiency syndrome" (Da Cuna). The problem affects 10% of the population, of which 15% are symptomatic. It is classification difficult, because the somatic symptoms presenting involving all three sides automatic adjustments: musculoskeletal pain migrants from postural disorders; pseudovertigini, spatial localization deficit, cognitive problems (up to dyslexia), from altered perceptual integration. The methods compensatory these deficits can invest the ball psychological (deep sense of inadequacy, anxiety, depression ...), develop attitudes strategic avoidance (agoraphobia deficit spatial orientation), push to interpret physical reactions as if they were psychological (panic attacks, nocturnal enuresis ...). Just the subtle interplay between somatic and psychological aspects makes it difficult to diagnose and can in fact happen that a patient with problems of this nature, please ask a somatic therapy (Posture, osteopath ...), who misses the problem. We have thus developed a diagnostic system that recognize if the appearance is the result of a true mental disorder or whether it supports somatic a series of somatization tendency resulting from trauma. In either case, use EMDR can be resolutely on the side obviously traumatic, but also for desensitization of the negative beliefs derived from psychological strategies responsive to deficit somatic. Methods. The diagnostic evaluation and symptom changes are were made with DSMIV, SWAP-200, SCL90-R, TAS 20, VAS, history Posture, kinesiology, posturodinamica, primitive reflexes and sensory evaluation osteopathic, Maddox, stabilometry baseline and challenges). Results. Tailored interventions have reduced symptomatology, as represented by the surveys conducted and feedback from patients. The integrated knowledge, whether the first approach is psychological or postural, allows a diagnosis accurate and therefore a therapeutic strategy that allows you to unlock synergistic effective therapies chronic.

Keywords: Chronic Pain Perceptual Deficits

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. Lecoq, J. C. (2007, June). Applied EMDR in sport in the World Equestrian Games of Aachen. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
I had only three weeks to work. Only 15 days to restore self-confidence, serenity, and determination for a woman rider. One week during the competition.
The woman rider had a bad experience during the Olympic Games of Athens. She had the best and the worst during the Olympic Games, The best was a bronze model and 0 mistakes during the jump.
The worst, she made several mistakes and fell down with her horse.
I felt during the first meeting a big atmosphere of fragility (no self confidence, no serenity, big stress) because there were difficulties with her ex-husband and family (her boys).
We had a short time and I decided to use an arrangement with mental imagery and specific EMDR exercise, like butterfly exercise, to install peak performance.
I used Sam Foster’s protocol for the sport and butterfly technique. We began with a SUD=8 and VOC=6 and the SUD finished at 2. This combination gave an amazing result because she rode well and she had a good result in these world equestrian games of AAchen (semi final: 23 place).
The specific exercise in EMDR (butterfly exercise) permits a peal performance in a few times. I gave you an example about the power of EMDR in sport.

Keywords: Aachen Horses Poster Sports World Equestrian Games

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. Oren, U., & Konuk, E. (2010, July). Applied EMDR research: EMDR in the treatment of headache. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The need for research in the EMDR field has been clear since its beginning. EMDR therapists, like most other therapists, have been reluctant to combine clinical work and research despite offers of support from the EMDR community. One of the reasons for such an approach has to do with the sense that EMDR research has little to do with the “real” work of clinicians. A team of Turkish therapists have decided to develop a protocol for treating chronic migraine headaches. Their work is based on the original work of Grant (1999) and Marcus (2008). The presentation will describe the study they have conducted, the protocol they have developed, and the future possible applications of their work. The ways in which this project can be used as a prototype for further applied research in the EMDR field will be described. A call for more applied research and ways to support it will be made.

Keywords: Headache Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. Sukirna, S., Sadatun, T. I., & Direzkia, Y. (2008, June). Applying EMDR for tsunami survivors with severe PTSD in a disaster region with minimum mental health facilities. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Tsunami that hit Aceh on the 26th of December 2004 taken approximately 150,000 lives has changed the region into a devastated area. Although health services and facilities had been re-established and some NGOs started delivering psychosocial and mental health services, only a few of them focussed on effective trauma therapy while the number of survivors who need the treatment are enormous. Tsunami survivors in this region are more likely to suffer from complex PTSD because of years of armed-conflict had been going on in this region. A survey conducted by Crisis Centre of the Faculty of Psychology University of Indonesia in collaboration with Terre des Hommes Germany showed high incidents of various psychological disorders amongst child survivors.. The program of trauma therapy and EMDR organized by Indonesian Psychological Association and TdH Germany funded by BMZ Germany since 2006 has treated a good number of tsunami survivors with severe PTSD. Hyperarousal, flashbacks and bad dreams, avoidance, and somatisation are common. There has been no indication whether there has been a natural process of recovery among those who were not treated. Starting in February 2008 a controlled study on the effectiveness of EMDR is conducted with 30 tsunami survivors with PTSD that will be randomized into two groups of 15. The treatment group will be given EMDR therapy until April 2008 and waitlist group will be given EMDR in May 2008. The effectiveness of EMDR will be measured using IES, HTQ, DES pre and post treatment with EMDR. First follow up will be collected until June 2008.

Keywords: Disasters Poster Tsumani

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. Ahmad, A., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2007, September). Applying EMDR on children with PTSD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17(3), 127-132. doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0646-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: To find out child-adjusted protocol for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Methods: Child-adjusted modification were made in the original adult-based protocol, and within-session measurements, when EMDR was used in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on thirty-three 6–16-year-old children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results: EMDR was applicable after certain modifications adjusted to the age and developmental level of the child. The average treatment effect size was largest on re-experiencing, and smallest on hyperarousal scale. The age of the child yielded no significant effects on the dependent variables in the study. Conclusions: A child-adjusted protocol for EMDR is suggested after being applied in a RCT for PTSD among traumatized and psychosocially exposed children (Springer).

Keywords: Case Studies Children Child Psychiatry Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Quantitative Study Randomize Control Trial RCT Trauma Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. Piffaut, A. M. (2007, Juin). Apport de l'EMDR dans le traitement de l'hyperacousie, des vertiges et des acouphenes, ORL psychosomatique [EMDR in the treatment of hypercousy, vertigo, and acouphens. Psychosomatic ORL]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Je voudrais partager avec vous mon bonheur de pratiquer l'EMDR et de la communication des résultats dans ma spécialité (ORL Ear Nose Throat) associée à une compétence dans phoniatrique. Je n'ai jamais réussi à guérir des patients présentant une hyperacousie douloureuse à l'aide de l'analyse transactionnelle et de la thérapie comportementale et cognitive. Ces personnes ont tendance à s'isoler, cesser de travailler, devenir ou sont socialement phobique. J'ai reçu des patients dans l'incapacité de travail. Ils sont obligés de porter un casque pour se protéger des bruits extérieurs. Leur situation est aggravée par l'acouphène, car si elles s'isoler pour se protéger contre le bruit qu'ils perçoivent encore plus leurs acouphènes.
Depuis que j'utilise l'EMDR, ces personnes ne guérir. L'autre jour, une personne qui avait souffert de l'hyperacousie pendant douze ans et même dû arrêter de travailler à cause d'elle, m'a fait écrire un document dans lequel je l'ai noté sous sa dictée qu'elle se trouva guérie. Ce certificat a été destiné à son médecin de l'entreprise afin d'éviter l'incapacité, un processus qui était en cours. Depuis, elle a pu circuler dans un train dans la zone entre deux voitures (pas loin de 100 dB) et n'a pas souffert. Un enfant, même crié à côté d'elle et elle n'a pas non plus se sentir quelque chose de désagréable. Elle est étonnée et je le suis aussi
L'objectif était de supporter le bruit intense d'une formation en passant sur un pont alors qu'elle était sous le pont. Il a été la pire situation pour elle parce que la plus intense en termes de décibels. Elle étudie plusieurs canaux dans sa mémoire jusqu'à ce qu'elle se souvenait d'un avortement horrible. Les bruits, les mots de l'équipe médicale, tous les souvenirs audience ont été poignées. C'est seulement avec l'EMDR que j'ai réussi à traiter les hyperacousie jusqu'à disparition. J'ai reçu cette personne 7 fois ¾ d'heure. Avant l'EMDR, j'ai parfois reçu jusqu'à deux ans, ces patients à la vitesse d'une session tous les deux pue et il a eu, au mieux, une amélioration de leur confort. Le bonheur de ce dernier patient était telle que j'ai eu à le partager. Depuis, elle va sur les forums de discussion pour encourager les personnes qui souffrent de ce trouble.

I would like to share with you my happiness to practice EMDR and to notice it results in my specialty ENT (Ear Nose Throat) associated to a competence in Phoniatric. I never managed to cure patients presenting a painful hyperacusis by using the transactional analysis and the behavioral and cognitive therapy. These persons tend to isolate themselves, stop working, become or are socially phobic. I received some patients in incapacity to work. They are obliged to wear a helmet to protect themselves from outside noises. Their situation is aggravated by tinnitus because if they isolate themselves to protect themselves from the noise they perceive even more their tinnitus.
Since I use EMDR, these persons do cure. The other day, one person that had been suffering of hyperacusis for twelve years and even had to stop working because of it, made me write a document where I noted under her dictation that she found herself cured. This certificate was intended for her company doctor to avoid the incapacity, a process that was in progress. Since then, she was able to circulate in a train in the zone between two cars (not far from 100 DB) and did not suffer. A child even screamed next to her and she also didn’t feel anything unpleasant. She is astonished and so am I.
The target was to bear the intense noise of a training passing on a bridge while she was under the bridge. It was the worst situation for her because the most intense in terms of decibels. She investigates several canals in her memory until she remembered a horrible abortion. The noises, the words of the medical team, all the hearing recollections were handles. It is only with EMDR that I managed to treat the hyperacusis until it disappearance. I received this person 7 times ¾ of an hour. Before the EMDR, I sometimes received up to two years these patients at the rate of a session every two reeks and it led to at best an improvement of their comfort. The happiness of this last patient was such that I had to share it. Ever since, she goes on forums of discussion to encourage the persons who suffer from this disorder.

Keywords: Hyperacusis Vertigo

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. O’Rawe, B. (2005, June). Assessing dissociation in the visually impaired. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This case discussion focuses on a traumatically blinded man. Treatment involved stabilisation using ego-state work with bilateral stimulation, followed by trauma processing work using EMDR. The aim of this paper is to assess his response to this approach, and to review the suitability of standard diagnostic tools used in screening: in porticular the applicability of Dissociation Scales -The Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) and The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS], in people suffering from blindness

Keywords: Dissociation Poster Visual Impairment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. O'Rawe, B. (2005, June). Assessing dissociation in the visually impaired. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This case discussion focuses on a traumatically blinded man. Treatment involved stabilisation using ego-state work with bilateral stimulation, followed by trauma precessing using EMDR. The aim of this paper is to assess his response to this approach, and to review the stability of standard diagnostic tools used in screening; in particluar the applicability of Dissociation Scales - The Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS), in people suffering from blindness.

Keywords: Dissociation Visually Impaired

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. Greenfield, R. (2010, October). The assessment and psychotherapy of a dissociateve adult man with complex PTSD. Presentation at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper presents the assessment and four year psychotherapy of a Hispanic man with Complex PTSD and Dissociative Disorder NOS. The patient’s history of childhood sexual abuse caused significant disruptions in normative developmental processes causing what van der Kolk (2005) posits as a Developmental Trauma Disorder. Based on Shapiro’s (2001) adaptive information processing paradigm, the patient’s memories of extensive childhood sexual victimization became blocked from resolution from adaptive memory networks, becoming embedded in the emotional brain and activated by the 9/11 tragedy. This stimulated an array of PTSD and Dissociative symptomatology. In treatment he verbalized and chronicled his experiences of 9/11 and memories of severe childhood sexual abuse, establishing a narrative of victimization, helplessness, and confusion about his sexual orientation (Gardner, 1999). Furthermore, there were episodes of dissociation revealing the possibility of alters. Attempts to access adaptive networks using EMDR protocols were thwarted by intractable defenses. The patient’s desire to return to work was offset by his entitlement to Social Security Disability that was initially denied. Working through my concordant countertransference (Racker, 1968), I ultimately accepted his wish for SSD, which he obtained on appeal based upon my symptom-specific evaluation. The patient transferred to a clinic that accepted SSD.
Participants will be able to : ♦♦ identify the developmental derailing effects of childhood sexual abuse on normative developmental processes. ♦♦ assess how childhood trauma(s) that are repressed or dissociated are invoked by trauma(s) in adulthood through associative memory networks causing Complex PTSD. ♦♦ apply methods of working with patients dissociative defenses in psychotherapy.

Keywords: Case Study Developmental Trauma Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. van den Hout, M., Muris, P., Salemink, E., & Kindt, M. (2001). Autobiographical memories become less vivid and emotional after eye movements. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(2), 121-130. doi:10.1348/014466501163535.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objectives: To test (1) whether eye movements during retrieval of emotional memories are followed by less vividness and less emotionality of future recollections, (2) whether this effect, if present, is stronger than the effects of a control activity (finger tapping), (3) whether the alleged effects of tapping and eye movements are stronger than a no-movement, control condition (mere imagery), (4) whether reductions in vividness and emotionality after eye movements (and finger tapping) are specific to negative memories or also occur in the case of positive memories. Method: 60 healthy volunteers recalled either positive or negative memories and scored the vividness and emotionality of the recollections. Next, memories were recalled whilst the participant was performing rapid eye movements, finger tapping, or not performing a dual task. Then participants were asked to recall the event again and to rate its vividness and emotionality. Results: Compared to finger tapping and the no-dual-task condition, recollections after eye movements made future recollections less vivid. After eye movements, but not after the other interventions, negative memories became less negative, and positive memories became less positive. Conclusion: The findings show that eye movements not only reduce vividness and emotionality of memories during the eye moving, but also affect future recollections, during which no eye movements are made. Some theoretical explanations are discussed. As to clinical implications, it is suggested that if there is a role for eye-movement-based treatments, it is very limited. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents Cognitive Processes College Students Dutch Exposure Therapy Memory Impairment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. Stofsel, M., & Mooren, T. (2012, March). Behandeling van complex trauma: EMDR en meer hoe geef je zo’n behandeling vorm, welke valkuilen kunnen er zijn, welke plek heeft EMDR en hoe bewaak je de rode lijn bij deze vaak langdurige behandelingen? [Treatment of complex trauma: EMDR and more how do you form such a treatment, what pitfalls may exist, which place has EMDR and how do you monitor the red line in these often long-term treatments?]. Presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Behandeling van ‘Complex trauma’ is lastig, omdat er vaak op veel verschillende levensgebieden problemen zijn. Daarbij is er sprake van een opeenstapeling van traumatische ervaringen. Dit kan leiden tot een soort schrik of terughoudendheid bij behandelaren, om complex trauma adequaat aan te pakken. In deze workshop willen wij duidelijk maken dat complex trauma goed te behandelen is, mits men de ruimte heeft om een langere behandeling aan te gaan, een therapeutische relatie (met tegenoverdrachtelijke valkuilen) aan kan gaan met cliënten met een geschokt wantrouwen in hun medemens en men niet te snel terugschrikt en mits men goed overzicht houdt over het verloop van de behandeling. Wij presenteren een model dat richting geeft aan de behandeling van complex trauma. We gaan uit van het drie-fasen model (Herman, 1992) met stabilisatie, verwerking en integratie en vullen dit aan met handvatten voor praktisch gebruik. Dit model gebruiken we om op systematische wijze de verandermogelijkheden te kunnen bepalen bij complexe traumaproblematiek. We zullen uit elke fase een of meerdere technieken demonstreren en op een rijtje zetten hoe EMDR toegepast wordt bij de behandeling van j complexe traumaproblematiek.

Treatment of 'Complex trauma is difficult, because there are often many different areas of life problems. In addition, there is an accumulation of traumatic experiences. This can lead to a kind of fear or reluctance of clinicians to adequately handle complex trauma. In this workshop we want to make clear that complex trauma can be treated well, provided they have the space for a longer treatment to enter a therapeutic relationship (with counter-transference traps) to can deal with clients with a shaken confidence in their fellow man and one not afraid to quickly and if one does good overview over the course of treatment. We present a model that gives direction to the treatment of complex trauma. We assume the three-phase model (Herman, 1992) with stabilization, processing and integration and supplement this with handles for practical use. The model we use to systematically change the options to determine in complex trauma problems. We will phase out any one or more techniques and demonstrate how this straight EMDR is used in the treatment of complex trauma problems j.

Keywords: Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. Flik, C. E., & de Roos, C. (2010). Behandeling van fantoompijn met eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) [Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for phantom limb pain]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 52(8), 589-593.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Een 68-jarige man, die had fantoompijn had in zijn been en voet voor 27 jaar, werd verwezen voor EMDR. Deze case studie laat zien dat na 10 sessies, de intensiteit van de pijn was gedaald 10-1 (op een schaal van 10). Verdere sessies, voornamelijk bestaande uit gesprekken, gericht op consolidatie van het resultaat, namelijk op het vinden van een nieuwe fysieke en mentale evenwicht en op het versterken van zelfvertrouwen in de nieuwe situatie.

A 68-year-old man, who had had phantom limb pain in his leg and foot for 27 years, was referred for EMDR. This case study shows that after 10 sessions, the pain intensity had diminished from 10 to 1 (on a scale of 10). Further sessions, consisting mainly of discussions, focused on consolidation of the result, namely on finding a new physical and mental balance and on strengthening self-confidence in the new situation.

Keywords: Phantom Limb Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. Aurora, R. N., Zak, R. S., Auerbach, S. H., Casey, K. R., Chowdhuri, S., Karippot, A., Maganti, R. K., Ramar, K., Kristo, D. A., Bista, S. R., Lamm, C. I., & Morgenthaler, T. I. (2010, August). Best practice guide for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 6(4), 389-401.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Prazosin is recommended for treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-associated nightmares. Level A. Image Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) is recommended for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level A. Systematic Desensitization and Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation training are suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B. Venlafaxine is not suggested for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level B. Clonidine may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C. The following medications may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares, but the data are low grade and sparse: trazodone, atypical antipsychotic medications, topiramate, low dose cortisol, fluvoxamine, triazolam and nitrazepam, phenelzine, gabapentin, cyproheptadine, and tricyclic antidepressants. Nefazodone is not recommended as first line therapy for nightmare disorder because of the increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Level C. The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares based on low-grade evidence: Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT); Sleep Dynamic Therapy; Hypnosis; Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR); and the Testimony Method. Level C. The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder based on low-grade evidence: Lucid Dreaming Therapy and Self-Exposure Therapy. Level C No recommendation is made regarding clonazepam and individual psychotherapy because of sparse data.

Keywords: Nightmares Posttruamatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Body memory - A single case study of recovered memories through treatment of EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This case is presented with the client’s full knowledge and consent. Personal details have been changed to protect the client’s identity.
This case involved an adult male client with an over-riding sense of low self esteem and self-sabotaging behaviours, including binge eating disorder, gambling and drinking.
The client had no clear target memories relating to any of his behaviours or beliefs about himself – but reported a deep-seated sense of self-disgust – with no clear idea of where this feeling originated from or the thought behind it.
With nothing else to work with, we focused on the target body sensation of self-disgust, orientating in the heart area. Upon this point, the client reported having a circumcision operation as a child of around 7 or 8 years of age. Although this did not initially appear relevant, the client was asked to stay with the body sensation in the groin area, upon which the client reported “seeing” the surgeon’s face with a look of disgust on it. The surgeon removed the client’s foreskin and threw it in a plastic basin, looking at the client with a look of utter disgust, which the client interpreted and internalised as “You disgust me.”
Following on this unusual revelation, with the client’s involvement, collaborative evidence was sought on the memory. The surgical procedure was confirmed to be true by the client’s mother, although it was also confirmed by medical staff and the client’s mother that the client has remained under anaesthetic throughout the entire procedure. This may explain the lack of initial memory and why the memory was only accessible through body sensation.
Upon further inquiry, the client stated: “I didn’t see the surgeon with my eyes – I saw his disgust in my heart.”
The client’s mother further confirmed that the surgeon had indeed been disgusted and possibly expressed his disgust – however, not at the client, but rather at the previous inferior surgical attempt at a circumcision which had been botched during the client’s infancy, hence the client’s need for the second operation. The client somehow had “felt” the surgeon’s disgust – but being of such a young age, interpreted it as being disgust at his boy, rather than the previous operation.
What is interesting to note is that the client made a full recovery with a normal attribution of self-esteem and a complete absence of self-sabotaging behaviours with two treatment sessions, following his initial body memory. At 6-month follow up there continues to be no return of any previous self-sabotaging behaviours (e.g., drinking, gambling, binge eating) and the client expresses a healthy self-esteem.

Keywords: Body Memory Case Study Recovered Memory Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. Watson, C., Davis, R., & Heimonen, T. (2010, September/October). Bridging the gap between clinical practice and research with EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a trauma treatment with origins date back to 1987 by its founder Francine Shapiro. EMDR is based on an information-processing model and is being used to treat traumatic symptoms. Clinicians in many types of clinical settings worldwide employ EMDR for a board range of treatment issues including grief, depression, anxiety, physical and sexual abuse. Although there is evidence that EMDR is effective in treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, more research needs to be done in clinical practice settings to contribute to the much needed research base about effective of EMDR with other issues.
Therapists working with trauma are often dealing with high caseloads and administrative requirements of the agencies that they work with. The clinicians involved in this research have observed that there have been some encouraging developments in their community which have served to build bridges for clinicians to increase their confidence in the world of research. In 2007, an intiative called Research Skills Development Program offering mentoring in research skills development was offered in association with Lakehead University and Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Ontario, Canada.
Completion of this 1-year program proved to be the first step in make the transition from clinician to researcher. From there, partnerships were formed within the agency and community. With the support of our agency, researchers were able to gain access to testing and computer software that made data collection and data anaylsis possible with least disruption to our clinical services.
The clinicians were encouraged by previous results from our first study in 2007 (n=6) to continue systematic data collection with more clients (n=6). Approval for this recent study was received by the Ethics Committee of St. Joseph's Care Group.

Keywords: Poster Practice Research Research Skills Development Program

Accuracy Verified: No

29. Hettiarachchi, M. (2007). Brief intervention for post traumatic stress disorder with combined use of cognitive behaviour therapy and eye movement desensitisation reprocessing. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 6(1), 1-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study is of a 23 year old female diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Sri Lanka, six months following the Asian Tsunami of December 2004. The intervention was conducted in a village clinic on the southern coast of the country. Treatment involved the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to monitor levels of anxiety. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to assess level of intrusion and avoidance (Horowitz, Wilner & Alvarez, 1979). Subjective Units of Distress Scores (SUDS) were obtained to assess level of distress and the Validity of Cognition Scale (VOC) used to assess accuracy of positive beliefs (Shapiro, 2001). A significant reduction in trauma symptoms, levels of distress, intrusion and avoidance were noted at post-treatment. Treatment gains were maintained at one month and nine month follow-up. The combined treatment protocol may be an effective brief intervention to use in situations that require rapid treatments to alleviate personal psychological distress in the aftermath of large scale disasters.

Keywords: Asian Tsunami Brief Intervention Clinical Case Study Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy Emotional Trauma Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

30. Chemtob, C., Nakashima, J., & Carlson, J. (2002, January). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A field study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 99-112. doi:10.1002/jclp.1131.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Effective psychological intervention is needed to help children recover from disaster-related PTSD. This controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief intervention for disaster-related PTSD. At one-year follow-up of a prior intervention for disaster-related symptoms, some previously treated children were still suffering significant trauma symptoms. Using a randomized lagged-groups design, we provided three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to 32 of these children who met clinical criteria for PTSD. The Children's Reaction Inventory (CRI) was the primary measure of the treatment's effect on PTSD symptoms. Associated symptoms were measured using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Treatment resulted in substantial reductions in both groups' CRI scores and in significant, though more modest, reductions in RCMAS and CDI scores. Gains were maintained at six-month follow-up. Health visits to the school nurse were significantly reduced following treatment. Psychosocial intervention appears useful for children suffering disaster-related PTSD. Conducting controlled studies of children's treatment in the postdisaster environment appears feasible. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Treatment Disasters Elementary School Students Empirical Study Follow-up Study Health Care Utilization Hurricanes Hurricane Iniki Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Victim Service

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Meignant, I., & Meignant, C. (2008, May). Buddy the dog's E.M.D.R. EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
The Buddy's Extroadinary Momentum for Discovery and Reconciliation is made to help kids from 0 to 99 deal with the abreaction through the story of a traumatized dog. It allows us to understand the internal process which takes place during the acceptance creation of a trauma, a process caused by eye movements, as during the therapy EMDR.
It's also a magnificent tool for understanding the neuro emotional integration processing which takes place during the bilateral stimulation, for all those suffering traumatism in the broad sense of the term: simple or complex, unique or multiple, the traumatic disorders of development and generally the memories of the past staying emotionally in the present. These events of the past of which we say "it's as if, it was yesterday" which do not become memories which we consult and which do not hurt any more. This book shows an example of the internal process of EMDR which will allow Buddy the dog to become reconciled with himself and to be able to live WITH the memories and not IN the memories.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. Shapiro, F. (2012, November). Building sustainable mental health services in war-torn and disaster-affected areas. Presentation at the 28th Annual Meeting of the ISTSS, Los Angeles, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The after effects of trauma can be transmitted across generations, resulting in ongoing cycles of violence and pain that affect individuals, families and societies. For those people and organizations working in countries in need of significant conflict prevention, mediation, reconstruction and reconciliation, these unprocessed memories can present a grave challenge. EMDR therapy is an empirically supported treatment for trauma. Since it does not demand a description of the event, it has proved successful in those cultures where self-disclosure is problematic. Since it does not need homework, it can also be implemented on consecutive days, making it amenable to the use of field teams after both natural and manmade disasters. Program evaluations have documented positive and rapid treatment effects using both individual and group protocols. The EMDR-Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) is a global network of volunteer educator/clinicians working to prevent and/or remediate the psychological aftereffects of trauma. HAP projects worldwide have provided education about trauma and stabilization techniques, and taught local clinicians how to provide both individual and group treatment in war-torn and disaster-affected areas. The primary goal is to train clinicians to build sustainable mental health services that will meet not only immediate crisis needs, but also comprehensively serve future generations.

Keywords: Disasters War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Williams, M. E. (2010, July 23). Can anything cure the trauma of my mugging?. Salon. Retrieved from http://www.salon.com/life/life_stories/?story=/mwt/feature/2010/07/23/emdr_after_a_mugging 7/23/2010.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
I knew about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy from one of my best friends, Lily Burana. I had watched it do wonders for her and her combat-veteran husband, and I'd read her enthusiastic account of the experience in her memoir "I Love a Man in Uniform." As she explains, "In the course of a year, I got married, my husband went to war, we moved to a new post and my father died. To say everything hit the fan was an understatement. I'd been sitting in the therapist's chair for a year and not getting better; I was just getting better at telling my story. With EMDR, it started to work right away."

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. Burne, J. (2006, November 27). Can this man cure your depression?. London, England: The Independent, Features, 10-11.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Pills and therapy can't heal the blues, says David Servan- Schreiber. But the leading French psychiatrist thinks he knows what can.

Keywords: David Servan-Schreiber Depression London

Accuracy Verified: Yes

35. Shapiro, R., Hofmann, A., & Grey, E. (2013). Case consultation: Unremitting depression. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 39-44. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.39.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Case Consultation is a new regular feature in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. In this article, an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinician briefly describes a challenging case in which a man, “George,” was referred for EMDR for treatment of a depression that began more than 2 years previously. After all his reported traumatic memories were completely processed with EMDR, George remains severely depressed and the therapist asks how to proceed effectively with treatment. Responses are written by three experts. The first expert, Robin Shapiro, describes a comprehensive list of possible etiologies, including attachment, early trauma, genetic, and other biological causes and their appropriate EMDR, ego state, or medical treatments. The second expert, Arne Hofmann, reviews the treatment that was provided and makes suggestions for alternate treatment targets, suggesting that the therapist could address the client’s belief that “nothing will change” and try the EMDR inverted protocol. The third expert, Earl Grey, recommends that the clinician focus on addressing small “t” traumas, even if the client indicates that he or she has little to no disturbance and explains how to develop and implement a “restorative life span target sequence.”

Keywords: Consultation Depression Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. Dale, S. (2009, May). The case of the phantom foreskin: Using EMDR for pain after adult circumcision. Presentation at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A 39-year-old man three years prior had had a circumcision due to his tight foreskin causing pain during intercourse. After the surgery, the pain remained, though the foreskin was gone. EMDR successfully treated the pain. This presentation reviews the role of EMDR in treatment of chronic pain. The impact of adult male circumcision is discussed. Phantom limb pain in amputees and the use of EMDR in its treatment is presented. The application to phantom foreskin pain is explored. The case study of the client’s EMDR is presented. Implications and possible applications for EMDR for medical personnel and therapists are discussed.

Keywords: Circumcision Foreskin

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. Fang, L. (2005, June). Case presentation: “Relative mild negative situations” - 2 single session cases using the standard EMDR protocol. In "EMDR in action." Part 2. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
It has proven that EMDR is successful in helping people who have experienced psychological difficulties that originate from some kind of traumatic experience. I used standard EMDR protocol successfully in single session for two persons who experience short negative moments. One client was a young man who had intrusive recalls of the male acquaintance telling him about oral sex intercourse between men that happened 38 hours before he asked for psychological help. The other client was a young nurse, one of my colleagues, who was scolded and threatened by the husband of a patient less than 2 hours ago before I did EMDR for her. They both had moment of trauma was very precise and very short: the moment the words were spoken. The recent events don't have several hot spots (difficult affect laden moments in the experience), but just one clearly shocking moment. So I used standard protocol and it helped stabilizing them very quickly, they both retouched their resources quickly. Two months later, I followed up my colleague. She was still stable and had the same positive cognition about the negative moment.

Keywords: China Psychotrauma Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. Miller, P. W., McDougall, I., O'Rawe, B., & Kirk, R. T. (2007, June). A case series detailing phenomenology, EMDR protocol and clinical outcome of EMDR in severe depression with psychosis, delusional dysmorphobia and schizophrenia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The author will by means of oral presentation of clinical case material from patients seen as outpatients; didactic teaching and 'question and answer' explore the efficacy demonstrated by EMDR in a series of patients with disorders including ‘depression, severe with psychosis'; delusional dysmorphophobia and schizophrenia.
There will be detailed description and presentation of case studies. The author will present and discuss clinical cases seen by them and another colleague where EMDR has been used in patients preventing to their facility with ‘depression, severe with psychosis;' delusional dysmorphophobia and schizophrenia.
The author will explore the phenomenology of the case material and discuss how it potentially relates, diagnostically, to the utility of EMDR in such cases. Particular mention will be made of the role EMDR had within the overall treatment plan of these cases and discussion of potential indicators that will aid appropriate targeting of cases for EMDR will be made.
A detailed description of how to apply EMDR protocol in monosymptomatic delusional disorder, including delusional dysmorphophobia will be given. This will include discussion of the use of Floatback; explore the use of affect bridge and the possible role of the unconscious or repressed material in the development of psychotic phenomena.
As patient with psychotic phenomena are often on one if not several psychoactive medications, the author will discuss the impact of EMDR on drug therapy in this group of patients with: schizophrenia, depression, severe with psychosis and delusional dysmorphophobia, illustrating the points from the case material. They will also look at the possible effect of medication on the efficacy of EMDR in this client group.

Keywords: Delusional Dysmorphobia Depression Personality Disorders Phobias Psychosis Schizophrenia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. Cohen, A. (1997, October). Case study: EMDR in hospital intervention. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(5), 7, 13-16.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The therapeutic effectiveness of EMDR has bee well document since 1989, but the technique is far from reaching optimal utilization in the clinical and psychological world. The following is a case in which the improvement of the patient was rapid, possibly even astounding to those who are unfamiliar with EMDR. The implications of this treatment for me, however, were much further reaching. Many of the points outlined in the theoretical training sessions were brought home most strongly and many more priceless pieces of advice for those who wish to be of assistance to someone involved in a traumatic incident were made clearly apparent.

Keywords: Hospital Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Schultz, E. A. (1993, Spring). A case study: Paradox and EMDR with paranoid schizophrenia. EMDR Network Newsletter, 3(1), 11-13.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The client, a 34 year-old woman diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia was first hospitalized at age 19. She took hard drugs for about one year at age 24, with the result that she became more paranoid. I started to treat her in June of 1993 and saw her for a total of 13 sessions during the next six months. In January of 1993, I began EMDR, using weekly one-and-one-half-hour sessions. After two sessions, the therapy was temporarily interrupted by a severe paranoid episode which made her feel hopeless. I have not used EMDR with her six times, and two more sessions remain.

Keywords: Paranoid Schizophrenia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Groenendijk, M. (2009). Casus 14 – Ik! Ben! Goed!: Een cliënte van 55 jaar met een dissociatieve identiteitsstoornis (DIS) [Case 14 - I! Am! Good!: A woman of 55 years with a dissociative identity disorder (DIS)]. In H. K. Hornsveld & S. Berendsen (Eds.), Casusboek EMDR, 25 voorbeelden uit de praktijk (1st Ed.), (pp. 205-222). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum. doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7358-1_21.

Language: Dutch

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Miranda is 55 jaar en getrouwd met Peter, garagehouder. Zij hebben twee volwassen kinderen (een zoon en een dochter) en twee kleinkinderen. Miranda woont in een klein dorp in het noorden van het land. Tot acht jaar geleden werkte ze als administratief medewerkster op een kantoor, maar zij kwam in de ziektewet wegens problemen op het werk en in haar huwelijk. Ze meldde zich aan voor behandeling en bij haar werd als diagnose gesteld: reactieve depressie en sociale fobie bij een persoonlijkheid met ontwijkende trekken. Na een ambulante start werd ze aangemeld voor klinische psychotherapie en gedurende deze opname kwam voor het eerst haar geschiedenis met ernstig seksueel misbruik ter sprake. Op de deeltijdbehandeling die daarop volgde, kreeg ze steeds meer last van dissociatieve klachten. Ook thuis namen deze klachten toe en kreeg ze woedeaanvallen. Ze ging's nachts geregeld zwerven. Ze werd heropgenomen en nu werd de diagnose DIS gesteld. In de kliniek werden in het kader van traumaverwerking enkele EMDR-sessies gedaan, maar dit had weinig resultaat. Miranda herinnert zich er nauwelijks iets van.

Miranda is 55 years and married to Peter, mechanic. They have two grown children (a son and a daughter) and two grandchildren. Miranda lives in a small village in the north of the country. Until eight years ago she worked as an administrative assistant at an office, but she was on sick leave due to problems at work and in her marriage. She signed up for treatment and was considered its diagnosis: reactive depression and social phobia with avoidant personality in a draw. After a patient start, she was signed up for clinical psychotherapy and during this recording first came her history with sexual abuse seriously discussed. On the day hospital treatment that followed, she was increasingly suffering from dissociative symptoms. Also took home these complaints, and she rages. She went regularly roam at night. She was re-recorded and now the diagnosis was made DIS. In the clinic under some EMDR trauma processing sessions done, but this had little effect. Miranda remembers hardly anything.

Keywords: DID Dissociative Identity Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. Miller, P., McGowan, I., McLaughlin, D., & Paterson, M. (2010, April). Cessation of symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia following EMDR. Presentation at 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Background: Despite over a 100 years experience with schizophrenia it is still only a minority of individuals who make a full recovery. Schizophrenia is a severe enduring mental illness (SMI) and the weight of burden falls with regard to legal problems, stigma and life expectancy: life expectancy in this group of individuals is reduced by 10 years, mostly as a consequence of suicide.
Aim: The aim of the presentation is to highlight the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia. Using a case study approach we will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in relieving the symptoms of dissociative schizophrenia.
Case Study: In Patient ‘M’ using an EMDR paradigm integration was achieved using only outpatient therapy – 12 sessions, over the course of one year. Medication was used initially but made no impact on the psychotic phenomena; even when used within normally efficacious levels and duration. Naltrexone was used to help manage dissociation (Frewen & Lanius, 2006) and to facilitate Patient ‘M’ in engaging in EMDR. Patient ‘M’ is now nearly three years symptom free and medication free.
Conclusion: EMDR is effective in symptoms associated with dissociative symptoms.
Learning Outcomes By the end of the session participants will be able to; Gain an greater understanding of the clinical presentation of dissociative schizophrenia Discuss the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia

Keywords: Dissociative Schizophrenia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. Wesselmann, D., & Potter, A. E. (2009). Change in adult attachment status following treatment with EMDR: Three case dtudies. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3),178-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.178.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Three case studies illustrate pre- and post-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) adult attachment status as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Two adult males and one adult female presented for outpatient therapy; all of them were categorized with an insecure or disorganized attachment status at pretreatment. All presented with symptoms of depression and anxiety and complaints regarding problems in their current marital and family relationships. The three patients received 10 to 15 EMDR sessions over the course of approximately 1 year, interspersed with talk therapy sessions for the purpose of debriefing and psychoeducation. The EMDR approach utilized all eight phases of treatment within the three-pronged approach. Following EMDR therapy, all three patients made positive changes in attachment status as measured by the AAI, and all three reported positive changes in emotions and relationships. This article provides an overview of the literature related to adult attachment categories and summarizes the effect of adult attachment status on emotional and social functioning. The rationale and scoring procedures for the AAI are explained.

Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Outcome Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Oh, D. H., & Choi, J. (2007). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A SPECT study of two cases. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 24-30. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.24.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. This study reports changes in the resting regional cerebral blood flow after successful EMDR treatment in 2 patients with PTSD. Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT (Technetium 99m-ethyl cysteinate dimmer-single photon emission computerized tomography) was performed before and after EMDR, and, in addition, a pre- and posttreatment comparison was made with 10 non-PTSD participants as a control group. After EMDR, cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences between participants and normal controls also decreased. Changes appeared mainly in the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. These results are in line with current understanding of neurobiology of PTSD. EMDR treatment appears to reverse the functional imbalance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Brain Imaging Females Koreans Motor Traffic Accidents Neuroimaging Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD Rape RCBF Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. Paterson, M. C. (2008). Changing cognitive schemas through EMDR and ego state therapy. In C. Forgash and M. Copeley, (Eds.) Healing the heart of trauma and dissociation with EMDR and ego state therapy (pp. 121-139). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Often clients require extensive preparatory work to ensure that they have the ego strength to allow them to experience EMDR. Failure to do this may result in harm to the client and litigation against the therapist. Ego strengthening is required where the client's personality is less than totally integrated, usually indicated by the presence of enduring irrational beliefs and behavior. Such beliefs exist despite extensive evidence to the contrary; for example, a man may believe he is worthless and a failure despite being in a stable marriage and also holding a college degree. Similarly, irrational beliefs often prevent clients from progressing in therapy due to the blocking action they exert on cognitive processing. This chapter examines maintenance fo irrational beliefs and behaviors and a case study that looks at a former police officer in Northern Ireland. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Cognitive Schemas Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Greenwald, R. (1995, June). Children-case presentations. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One major limitation of EMDR is that it is an individual treatment modality. However, individual treatment of a child may be insuflicient, and broader interventions are often required. This is especially likely when environmental forces are unsupportive or in opposition to the healing process. This presentation will focus on the use of EMDR on several levels in child treatment, including individual treatment of traumatic memories, enhancing family support for healing, and addressing family obstacles to healing. Format will include lecture, vignettes, and a video case presentation of the EMDR treatment of a young girl who had been raped by a babysitter, along with the EMDR treatment of her older brother who bullied her. Assessment of child problems includes consideration of many factors. The focus here will be on the child's trauma history, and on the current family situation it pertains to treatment of the child's traumatic memories. Methods of assessment addressed here include interview of the child and the parent, observation of family interactions, and observation of the child's progress, both during and after EMDR treatment. A number of interventions are available to enhance or augment individual EMDR treatment of the child. Vignettes will be presented to illustrate the following interventions: referral to family therapy when successful EMDR highlighted the symptom's functional role; EMDR with a parent to reduce reactivity to the child; and prompting the parent(s) to produce statements and behaviors to be used later as content for installations. A challenging case will be presented in which a family, though motivated, demonstrated a number of behaviors which threatened to undermine the child's treatment. The family consisted of a single father in his late twenties, an eight year-old boy, and a seven-yearold girl. The presenting problem was the girl's ongoing post-traumatic symptoms, particularly nightmares and social withdrawal, some two years after having been raped by a babysitter. (the boy also had social and behavioral problems in school.) Unfortunately, the "lessons" of the girl's traumatic experience were frequently reinforced in the family context, through the brother's bullying of his younger sister, the father's complicity in the bullying, and the father's own tendency to be overly controlling and threatening. Treatment began with two family sessions and one with the father alone. The next three sessions were split to provide some individual time for each child as well as for the father. The seventh, final session included a family meeting and then some time for each individual. Work with the father was difficult and slow, as he was very defensive regarding his own possible contributions to his children's problems. Early interventions included delicate attempts to help the father understand the effect of his yelling and threatening - even though he was no longer in the habit of physically striking his children. Meanwhile, in part to enhance the therapeutic alliance, the primary focus was on direct treatment of the children. Some of this is shown on video. The girl was asked to draw a picture of her bad dream, and then to draw it "all better." She first drew a dark picture of a large man with fangs dripping blood. The next picture was of a nicer man on a sunny day. This activity was used as part of her introduction to the upcoming EMDR work. In the next session she agreed to do EMDR and completed processing in 25 minutes. The following session she indicated that the memory was no longer disturbing, and many of the symptoms had disappeared. She began to raise her next concern, by playing with a doll and a baby bottle, and complaining that she did not get to see her mother enough. Over the same three sessions the boy was also treated with EMDR for a number of relatively minor traumatic memories, including a car accident, the loss of two pets, and a vision of the devil. Despite apparently successfull processing, he was unable to conclude that he was a "good boy," due to evidence to the contrary: memories of his father's anger at him. Cognitive interweave was used to access a sense of inner goodness. The bullying behavior reportedly disappeared both at home and at school, and he also moved on, to express concerns about missing his mother. Treatment was interrupted due to a change in insurance coverage, so continued treatment and follow-up was not accomplished. This case illustrates some ways that EMDR can be enlisted to address aspects of the family context which may constitute obstacles to healing. The girl's brother was treated with EMDR to reduce his mistreatment of her; and the boy's sense of badness, largely gained by interaction with his father, was overcome by accessing internal resources in the absence of parental support. In conclusion, EMDR can play multiple roles in both the diagnosis and treatment of family obstacles to healing.

Keywords: Case Presentations Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. Miller, P. (2006, June). A clinical case example of EMDR in the management of psychosis in a young man with psychotic depression. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Case Study Psychosis Psychotic Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Maxfield, L. (2003). Clinical implications and recommendations arising from EMDR research findings. Journal of Trauma Practice, 2(1), 61-81. doi:10.1300/J189v02n01_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment approach found to be efficacious for trauma-related disorders. This article provides an overview of the EMDR treatment process and briefly describes treatment components. It reviews the current research investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD and research investigating the role of eye movements. The practical clinical implications arising from the findings are discussed. These include factors related to treatment provision, such as treatment fidelity, length of treatment, homework, and the use of eye movements. Also highlighted are client-related factors such as population, type of trauma, multiple traumas, symptom severity, comorbid disorders, and complex PTSD. Where possible, recommendations are made for clinical practice and comparisons are made with other types of treatments. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Implications Compelx Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Stressors Survivors Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Grygo, M. (2008). A clinical trial of motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) therapy with conduct disordered adolescent boys. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada. AAT NR35998.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Conduct disorder and other disruptive behaviours represent the most common form of child and adolescent psychopathology referred for treatment by parents and teachers. A number of studies conducted in university research centers have demonstrated meaningful treatment gains especially with preadolescents with conduct disorder. However, studies conducted with older adolescents, especially those with comorbid disorders, as well as studies conducted in community-based clinic settings have been mostly unsuccessful. With a few exceptions, the extant treatments have not made any special effort to address effects of traumatic experiences that research has demonstrated to be very prevalent among conduct disordered children and adolescents. Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) therapy developed by Ricky Greenwald (2002a) has shown promising results in his open trial study. MASTR is a complex treatment approach which addresses several key areas crucial in treating adolescents with conduct disorder: development/enhancement of motivation for treatment, development/enhancement of anger management and problem solving skills, and treatment of past trauma effects. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of MASTR therapy with 10 adolescent boys with conduct disorder placed in a residential treatment facility. This study combined single subject and qualitative research methodologies to offer a detailed look into the implementation and evaluation of MASTR therapy in a residential treatment centre. Foremost, this study demonstrates the formidable problems of conducting treatment research with this population in this kind of setting. Results suggested that, when it can be sufficiently implemented, MASTR therapy may be an effective treatment method producing some meaningful changes in behaviour for some severely disturbed adolescents with conduct problem. The study also demonstrated that EMDR may be an effective treatment for reducing emotional distress associated with past trauma in adolescents with conduct disorder. Factors associated with the limited success of this treatment study are identified and discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 69(1-A), 2008, pp. 109.

Keywords: Adolescent Boys Clinical Trial Conduct Disorder Empirical Study MASTR Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution Therapy Quantitative Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. Jayatunge, R. M. (2008). Combating tsunami disaster through EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 140-145. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.140.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
After the 2004 tsunami devastation in Sri Lanka, many citizens experienced severe psychological reactions. The effectiveness of EMDR is illustrated in the treatment of 7 of these individuals: 3 children and 2 adults with PTSD symptoms and 2 adults with depressive symptoms. After 3-8 sessions of EMDR the symptoms were eradicated and these clients were free from their depressive feelings, anxieties, intrusions, and nightmares, were able to function normally, and were able to lead productive lives. These outcomes replicate those in the research literature demonstrating that EMDR is an efficacious treatment for PTSD in general, with specific utility for disaster-related PTSD. It is recommended that future controlled studies be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EMDR in the immediate aftermath of disasters and to assess its effectiveness with major depressive disorder. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Children Disaster Recent Events South Asia Sri Lanka Tsunami

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. Simon, M. J. (1997, November). A comparison study of EMDR and exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder: A single-subject design. Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI. AAT 9734215.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Exposure has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. Recent claims have been made regarding the comparative and perhaps even superior efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD.The comparative effectiveness was tested using two subjects, a multiple baseline design, targeting two distinct trauma-related images per subject. Standardized and objective assessment measures of diagnostic criteria were administered at baseline, post-treatment, and at follow-up. Order of treatment was reversed for the second subject. Results of the study showed that EMDR and Exposure were comparable treatments of PTSD. EMDR demonstrated more rapid overall symptom reduction than Exposure. Both Exposure and EMDR generalized across traumas. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(5-B), Nov 1997, pp. 2700.

Keywords: Adults Clinical Trial Empirical Study Exposure Therapy Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. Merkies, Y. (2012, March). Complexe PTSS: Evaluatie van een behandeling door cliënt en therapeut - "Je moet niet typen tijdens de EMDR" [Complex PTSD: Evaluation of treatment by patient and therapist - "You need not type during EMDR."]. Presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Inhoud Presentatie: Het behandelen van complexe PTSS gaat met ups en downs. Tevreden zijn over een behaald succes kan afgewisseld worden met een periode van wanhoop. Het is voor de behandeling van belang dat de therapeut steeds een helikopterview houdt. Vragen die de therapeut daarbij zichzelf onder andere stelt zijn: waar zitten we in het proces, ben ik als therapeut te voortvarend of neem ik te weinig risico. De patiënt kan indien mogelijk gestimuleerd worden van een afstand naar zijn eigen behandeling te kijken en te leren analyseren: waardoor krijg ik nu een terugval of hoe gaat het nu met me? De verantwoordelijkheid en de regie liggen uiteraard bij de therapeut. Hoe kijkt de patiënt achteraf terug op zijn behandeling en de verschillende fasen hierin? Wat heeft hem in moeilijke periodes geholpen? Welk gedrag van de therapeut heeft hem echt geholpen en wat was juist storend (zie titel)? In hoeverre was humor helpend? Hoe kijkt de patiënt terug op de mate van inspraak. In deze presentatie wordt aan de hand van videobeelden en een interview met een patiënt teruggekeken op het therapieproces. De patiënt is een ernstig getraumatiseerde man, die na een periode van stabilisatie zijn traumatische ervaringen op papier tekende. De tekeningen zijn in het begin gebruikt bij de ordening en bij bepaling van de werkvolgorde van de EMDR- behandeling. Tijdens de behandeling kon hij zelf goed aangeven wat hem hielp en wat niet. Na een forse terugval was hij in staat om te analyseren waardoor dit kwam en wat er voor nodig was om hier weer uit te komen. Deelnemers krijgen mee wat de do’s en don’ts zijn vanuit patiënt perspectief. Het belang van het nadenken over de therapeutische houding wordt gestimuleerd. De mogelijke angst om blunders te maken is hierna verminderd.

"You need not type during the EMDR" Content Presentation: The treatment of complex PTSD goes with ups and downs. Satisfied with a success achieved can be varied with a period of despair. It is important that the treatment the therapist still keeps a helicopter view. Questions that the therapist himself, among other states are: where we are in the process, I as a therapist to energetically or I take too little risk. The patient may be encouraged where possible from a distance to his own treatment to look and learn to analyze: how do I get a relapse or how is it going with me? The responsibility and control are of course with the therapist. How does the patient subsequently returned to his treatment and the different phases in this? What has helped him in difficult times? What behavior of the therapist has really helped him and what was just annoying (see title)? To what extent humor was helpful? How does the patient back on the degree of involvement. In this presentation, using video footage and an interview with a patient look back on the therapy process. The patient is a severely traumatized man, who after a period of stabilization are traumatic experiences on paper signed. The drawings are in the beginning when used in the arrangement, and determining the operating sequence of the EMDR-treatment. During treatment, he could well indicate what helped him and what not. After a sharp decline, he was able to analyze and so this was what it took to come here again. Participants will take what the do's and don'ts are from patient perspective. The importance of thinking about the therapeutic attitude is encouraged. The possible fear of making mistakes is reduced below.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder C-PTSD Complex PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. Fernandez, I. (2010, June). The contribution of EMDR with children survivors of mass trauma. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper describes the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked incidents).
EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment of the population and was the elective treatment for children of those elementary schools, which were most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one month, three months and one year after the critical event. Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and siblings.
Psychological support and EMDR treatment was provided to parents and school personnel, and this aspect has been considered fundamental in enhancing treatment results in children during the last interventions.
Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess posttraumatic symptomatology before and after treatment will be shown along with follow up data. Treatment groups show a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Results and statistical data regarding EMDR treatment with heavily traumatized children will be presented.
The author will discuss clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent traumas of great magnitude. Analysis and evaluation of children's reactions and needs have highlighted significant epidemiological aspects.
The posttraumatic stress reactions of this group in developmental age will be discussed. EMDR treatment for parents and other adults involved in the disaster has proven critical when dealing with children's symptomatology. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions with all parties involved (parents, school personnel, community) from our field studies will be presented.

Keywords: Children Keynote Mass Trauma Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. Lister, D. (2003, March). Correcting the cognitive map with EMDR: A possible neurobiological mechanism. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The experience of life is commonly likened to a journey through a landscape. This cannot be an accident; it must be based on neurobiological activity in the brain. If one is fortunate the journey is made through a pleasant landscape, with occasional mild adventures to vary the monotony. Travelling is an ancient evolutionary feature of all animals, and all animal brains have developed fairly uniform methods of recording the body's motion through the environment, in different degrees of complexity (O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978; Stickgold, 2002). Occasionally, a traumatic disaster upsets an otherwise placid journey.

Keywords: Neurological

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. Spierings, J. (2012, April). A creative new look at interweaves / Un regard nouveau et créatif sur le tissage (Interweaves). Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with severely damaged clients, ‘just staying out of the way’ is not enough to help these clients process their traumatic material. A more active approach is called for to bring trauma resolution. In EMDR, this type of intervening is called '(cognitive) interweaving’. In this presentation, a distinction will be made between process and content interweaves. The process interweaves are designed to keep the client within their window of affect tolerance. Or, the therapist may intervene on the content level, when the client gets stuck in a specific problem they are unable to solve with the available information. Content interweaves may be either cognitive or non-cognitive, e.g. sensory, physical, humorous, symbolic and spiritual interweaves. The presentation includes metaphors for all kinds of blocks, bits and pieces of psycho-education for specific stuck points, unorthodox, creative or hilarious interweaves to get round resistance, and interweaves to bring reconciliation and forgiveness.
Learning objectives: 1.To understand the concept of interweaves and when they are used 2.To understand the difference between process and content interweaves 3.To learn to use process interweaves to modulate the arousal level of the client 4.To develop a toolkit of useful content interweaves including both cognitive and non-cognitive examples, e.g. sensory, physical, humorous , symbolic and spiritual interweaves.

Keywords: Interweaves

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Greenwald, R. (1999, Fall). A crisis response approach for suicidal teens. EMDRIA Newsletter, Child and Adolescent Issue, Special Edition, 4(4), 23-25.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Child & adolescent issue: A closer look
In my current position as a clinical psychologist based on a high school campus, I often have occasion to meet with adolescents who are suicidal, some having recently made suicidal gestures. Despite the complexity and variety of presenting issues, there is a set of more or less standardized steps to follow to ensure safety as well as appropriate follow-up.

Keywords: Children Suicide Teens

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Greenwald, R. (1999, June). A crisis response approach for suicidal teens. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In my current position as a clinical psychologist based on a hlgh school campus, I often have occasion to meet with adolescents who are suicidal, some having recently made suicidal gestures. Despite the complexity and variety of presenting issues, there is a set of more or less standardized steps to follow to ensure safety as well as appropriate follow-up. In this paper I present a case to illustrate how I have integrated EMDR. This approach to teen suicidality uses several elements of the motivation - anger - trauma therapy (MATT) approach for teens with conduct disorder, which has been described in detail elsewhere (Greenwald 1998, 1999, in press). In addition to the standard crisis interventions - letting the client talk out the problem, contracting for safety, implementing supports and restrictions as needed, and arranging follow-up - I have been using EMDR in various ways to enhance present safety as well as subsequent resiliency. For example: the Choices Have Consequences intervention (cited above, described below) helps the client to realize that self-harm leads to a poor outcome despite its initial appeal; the standard use of EMDR can help to reduce vulnerability to the type of stressor which led to the current crisis; and the Future Movies intervention (also cited above and described below) helps to create a more hopeful long-term perspective while enhancing coping skills.

Keywords: Adolescents Poster Suicide Teens

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. Kluft, R. P. (2003). Current issues in dissociative identity disorder. Bridging Eastern and Western Psychiatry, 1(1), 71-87.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), remains among the most challenging of mental disorders. It is difficult to understand, to diagnose, to treat, to discuss objectively in the face of the many controversies that swirl around it. It remains a condition that requires intensive individual psychotherapy for its satisfactory resolution. The controversies that have surrounded DID have often obscured the progress that has been made. DID is emerging as a not uncommon consequence of overwhelming childhood events. The major challenges facing the treatment of DID are disentangling this condition and its therapy from the controversies that swirl about them, encouraging the more widespread use of specific diagnostic approaches, educating managed care organizations to accept standards of care for DID that are based upon those treatment approaches that are effective, making specific treatments for DID more available, and continuing to develop more successful approaches for the more difficult-to-treat DID subgroups of DID patients.

Keywords: Dissociative Identity Disorder DID MPD Multiple Personality Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Maxfield, L. (2002, June). Current research perspectives: What we know and don’t know about EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Besides providing an overview of current EMDR research, this presentation examine related clinical implications. Although EMDR is efficacious in PSTD treatment, different studies have achieved a range of results. Factors that might account for this disparity are examined, and their therapeutic relevance is emphasized. Possible explanations for poor outcomes in phobia/panc disorder studies are discussed, with treatment recommendations highlighted. Although fingings for the contribution of eye-movements are inconclusive, this research suggests aspects of dual attention stimulation that could be clinically monitored. Finally, suggestions are made to assist clinicians in objectively assessing client progress and evaluating edivence from their own practices.

Keywords: Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. Young, W., Puk, G., & Rouanzoin, C. C. (1995, June). Current trends using EMDR in dissociative disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop covers the screening, diagnosis, treatment and pitfalls encountered in using EMDR in Dissociative Disorders. The unexpected finding of dissociative disorders among trauma victims using EMDR requires therapists to be able to recogme and screen for dissociative conditions. Under special circumstances, these patients may have negative reactions which the EMDR therapist should be prepared to manage. Treatment requires a strong alliance, an awareness of dissociation and the management of patients' abreactions. Treatment guidelines have been established for using EMDR which can guide therapists as our expmence with dissociative disorders evolves. A careful informed consent should be obtained and an assessment of the patient's inner resources made so that ffagile patients with histories of chronic trauma are not inadvertently injured. Further, EMDR is not designed as a tool for "memory work" but for the reduction of distress for events or experiences already known. Lectures, discussions, handouts and video tape demonstrations show the application of EMDR in a variety of conditions. The results of a pilot study using EMDR in 15 patients with 33 target symptoms will be presented. In this limited sample, between 50% and 60% of patients achieved significant reduction of their distress levels on selected targets. A variety of responses occurred including fusions, generalization effects, and establishmg inner dialogue. In addition, a variety of problems arose resulting in treatment failures or cessation of EMDR. These include such reactions as flooding, escalation of anger, paranoia and resistance to the treatment. The implications of these findings suggest that cautious patient selection and use of EMDR has a potential use and that as research in this population continues, strategies for overcoming problem areas can be developed.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. Oppenheim, H.-J. (2010, June). The cutting must stop: A way out of the stabilisation versus reprocessing paradox with a DID-patient. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this workshop I will discuss and illustrate by video fragments, the steps of trauma reprocessing with a very instable DID patient. The patient was suffering from sudden severe self-cutting that took place outside the patient's own consciousness. It was clear that an Emotional part of the Personality (EP) was tormented by a severe trauma, and in response, acted very aggressively. Because of the great danger of self-harm, which man could become life-threatening, the cutting had to be stopped as soon as possible. Therapist and patient were trapped in the well known paradox: to reprocess the trauma there had to be enough stability, but to create enough stability the trauma had to be solved. It was clear that in this period of her life the patient couldn't bear any trauma reprocessing. This workshop offers a way out of this paradox. I will show how to establish enough safety for all the parts of the personality who are involved, increasing two of the Apparently Normal parts of the Personality (ANP's). For one of the ANP's, safety meant that she didn't have to witness the story about the trauma, she still didn't know. The workshop will demonstrate how to establish a working alliance with the aggressive part (EP) who is indirectly responsible for the severe cutting. Finally, after all these preparations, the trauma reprocessing by using EMDR on this EP can be started. The participants will learn: a. How to work from a Structural Dissociation view. The importance of an active attitude for the therapist, like a film director, in getting in contact and working together with the different parts of the personality, to reach the necessary goal; c. That trauma processing is at least partly possible in absence of the 'main part' of the personality which can contribute to stabilization in order to reprocess the trauma completely. been This workshop provides an opportunity to escape from the ]paradox: reprocessing a trauma requires stability but stability ]requires a reprocessed trauma. It is always thought that for reprocessing a trauma the ONP('s) must be involved, This workshop will show that if only parts of the personality, without the ANP, undergo the reprocessing, it can lead to a remarkable reduction of dangerous symptoms. The completing of the trauma reprocessing with the ANP can be postponed to the moment that the patient feels sufficiently stable.

Keywords: DID Dissociatve Identity Disorder Stabilization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

62. Mazorati, C., & Bonardi, A. (2008, Novembre). Dal DSM IV all’EMDR: Dalla diagnosi psichiatrica alla relazione di aiuto: riflessioni e ipotesi di integrazione [From DSM IV to EMDR: From diagnosis to report psychiatric help: Ideas and assumptions of integration]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Le autrici ,una psichiatra e una psicologa riflettono sulla loro esperienza con EMDR. Prendono lo spunto da due casi di abuso sessuale in famiglia vissute da bambine da due loro pazienti, anche se il motivo iniziale della richiesta di aiuto era stato un altro. Nel primo caso la paziente si era presentata su richiesta del suo medico curante per la presenza di una sintomatologia depressiva vissuta dalla stessa come “pesante”, “invalidante” e che la portava a voler uscire in fretta dalla situazione depressiva. Rispetto alla sintomatologia si è lavorato in termini di psicoeducazione della depressione come sindrome si è mantenuto un atteggiamento di ascolto e di attenzione ai vari disagi lamentati dalla paziente. Tale modalità nella relazione terapeutica ha permesso alla paziente di “prendere coraggio” e di raccontare il segrete che si portava dentro di un tentativo di abuso che in famiglia era stato negato. Si è quindi Utilizzato l’EMDR per aiutarla a liberarsi dai fantasmi del passato. Nel secondo caso, la richiesta era di aiuto psicologico per un disagio relazionale non ben identificato, ma che aveva prodotto nella paziente un graduale impoverimento delle risorse, un atteggiamento “depressivo” nei confronti della propria esistenza e nella coppia problematiche sessuali. E’ stata quindi presa in carico la coppia, associato ad un trattamento individuale alla paziente e utilizzando l’EMDR quale strumento atto a risolvere le angosce delle molestie subite. In entrambe le pazienti, dopo trattamento con EMDR, si è assistito ad cambiamento significativo del tono dell’umore, un aumento della stima si sé , un aumento della loro capacità difensiva e del rispetto verso se stesse, ma soprattutto si è notato una accettazione del passato che, proprio perché ormai le rendeva libere finalmente di vivere il presente con il proprio sé.

The authors, a psychiatrist and a psychologist reflect on their experience with EMDR. Taking the cue from two cases of sexual abuse in the family experienced as children by two of their patients, even if motive of the request for aid was another. In the first case the patient had presented at the request of his doctor to the presence of depressive symptoms experienced by herself as "heavy", "disability" and that led to want to exit quickly from depressive situation. Compared to the symptoms you have worked in psychoeducation for depression as a syndrome has maintained an attitude of listening and attention to the various inconveniences complained of by the patient. This mode in the therapeutic relationship has enabled the patient to "take courage" and to tell the secret that was within an attempt to abuse in the family had been denied. Was then used EMDR to help get rid of ghosts of the past. In the second case, the request was for a psychological relationship distress is not well identified, but the patient had produced a gradual depletion of resources, a attitude "depression" to its own existence and problems in the couple orientation. It 'was then taken over the couple, combined with individual treatment to patient and using EMDR as a tool to resolve the anxieties of the harassment. In both patients, after treatment with EMDR, there has been significant change mood, increased self-esteem is an increase in their defensive ability and respect for themselves, but mainly it was noted that an acceptance of the past, precisely because now finally made them free to live the present with the self.

Keywords: Practrice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

63. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1996). De behandeling van specifieke fobieën met eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Een gecontroleerde studie. Directieve Therapie, 16(1), 1-5. doi:10.1007/BF03060128 .

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In deze studie werd onderzocht of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) van nut kan zijn bij het behandelen van een specifieke fobie. De studie bestond uit twee fasen. Tijdens de eerste fase werden spinfobici toegewezen aan drie onderzoeksgroepen: een EMDR groep, een imaginaire exposure groep of een controlegroep die geen behandeling ontving. De behandeling werd geëvalueerd met een gestandaardiseerde gedragstest waarbij de fobici werd verzocht het gevreesde object (i.c. spin) zo dicht mogelijk te benaderen. Geen van de drie groepen – dus ook de EMDR–groep niet – boekte vooruitgang. De exposure in vivo behandeling, die alle fobici tijdens de tweede fase van het onderzoek ontvingen, leidde daarentegen wel tot een significante verbetering op de gedragstest.

This study investigated whether Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can be useful in treating a specific phobia. The study consisted of two phases. During the first phase spinfobici assigned to three research groups: one group of EMDR, an imaginary exposure group or a control group that received no treatment. Treatment was evaluated with a standardized behavioral test in which the phobic invited the feared object (ie spin) as close as possible to approach. None of the three groups - including the EMDR group did not - made progress. Exposure in vivo treatment, all phobic during the second phase of the study, led however to a significant improvement on the behavioral test.

Keywords: Specific Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

64. Berendsen, S. (2008). De behandeling van traumagerelateerde klachten na rampen en mogelijke dilemma’s [The treatment of trauma-related complaints after disasters and possible dilemmas.]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 36(3), 147-152.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Dit artikel geeft de kenmerken van de trauma-gerelateerde klachten die mensen kan laten zien na blootstelling aan rampen. Verschillende criteria en de bijbehorende dilemma's met betrekking tot de beslissing over de noodzaak van een behandeling worden besproken. Ten slotte wordt een overzicht gegeven van de evidence-based en best practice behandelingsmethoden voor mensen met een trauma-gerelateerde klachten na blootstelling aan rampen, met inbegrip van imaginaire en in vivo blootstelling, EMDR, cognitieve therapie, en het schrijven van oefeningen.

This article presents the characteristics of trauma-related complaints that people can show after being exposed to disasters. Several criteria and corresponding dilemmas with regard to deciding on the need for treatment are discussed. Finally, an overview is provided of evidence-based and best-practice treatment modalities for people with trauma-related complaints after being exposed to disasters, including imaginary and in vivo exposure, EMDR, cognitive therapy, and writing exercises.

Keywords: Complaints, Disasters Symtoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

65. Leenarts, L. E. W., Doreleijers, Th. A. H., Lindauer, R. J. L., Lodewijks, H. P. B., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2011, April). De effectiviteit van een traumabehandeling bij getraumatiseerde meisjes in gesloten jeugdinstellingen [The effectiveness of trauma treatment in traumatized girls in closed juvenile institutions]. Symposia op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam .

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Achtergrond: Uit onderzoek blijkt dat in jeugdzorginstellingen geplaatste meisjes vaak getraumatiseerd zijn en mede hierdoor ernstige problemen vertonen in het verdere leven. Onderzoek (Hamerlynck 2008) toont aan dat 85% van de meisjes een of meer trauma’s heeft meegemaakt en dat dit gerelateerd is aan zowel openlijke als heimelijke agressie. Hieruit blijkt de noodzaak om meisjes in jeugdzorginstellingen bij opname te onderzoeken op trauma en agressie, ze te behandelen en om traumabehandelingen te onderzoeken op hun effectiviteit en op de gevolgen op lange termijn. Doel: Het doel van het huidige onderzoek is de effecten vast te stellen van een traumabehandeling bij meisjes die in een jeugdzorg-plusinstelling geplaatst zijn. De behandeling die geëvalueerd wordt, is een stabilisatiefase (met als doel het reduceren van traumagerelateerde klachten) aangevuld met eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr). Methoden: Gebruik wordt gemaakt van een quasi-experimenteel onderzoeksdesign. De experimentele groep bestaat uit meisjes die hebben deelgenomen aan de stabilisatiefase gevolgd door emdr. De controlegroep bestaat uit meisjes die treatment as usual (tau) ontvangen. Verschillende meetmomenten zullen plaatsvinden. De Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ( ctq) wordt gebruikt om traumageschiedenis te onderzoeken en de Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (tscc) wordt gebruikt om traumaklachten te bevragen. Resultaten: Tijdens het Voorjaarscongres zullen de eerste resultaten bekend zijn en gepresenteerd worden. Conclusie: Op basis van literatuur kan verondersteld worden dat een geprotocolleerde stabilisatiefase gevolgd door emdr effectiever is in de reductie van traumagerelateerde klachten dan tau bij meisjes in gesloten jeugdzorginstellingen.

Background: Research shows that girls are often placed in youth welfare institutions traumatized and because of this serious exhibit problems later in life. Research (Hamerlynck 2008) shows that 85% of the one or more girls experienced trauma and that this is related to both overt and covert aggression. This highlights the need to girls in child welfare institutions in recording research on trauma and aggression, treat them and trauma treatments to investigate their effectiveness and the long-term consequences. Purpose: The aim of the present study to determine the effects of trauma treatment girls in a youth-plus set placed. The treatment evaluated, a stabilization phase (with the aim of reducing trauma-related symptoms) supplemented with Eye Movement Desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Methods: Use is made of a quasi-experimental research design. The experimental group consists of girls who have participated in the stabilization phase followed by EMDR. The control group consists of girls that treatment as usual (TAU) received. Various measurement points will occur. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is used to examine trauma history and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) is used to search for trauma symptoms. Results: During the Spring Congress the first results are known and presented. Conclusion: Based on literature can believed that food allergies stabilization phase followed by EMDR is more effective in reducing trauma-related symptoms than tau girls in secure youth institutions.

Keywords: Girls Juvenile Insitutions Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

66. Jaspers, J. (2011, May). De relatie tussen wetenschap en klinische praktijk [The relationship between science and clinical practice]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 32(2), 59-60. "Online First".

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
De discussie over mindfulness die in het vorige nummer van Psychologie & Gezondheid is gevoerd, wordt in dit nummer voortgezet. Frank Vernooij reageert op de eerdere bijdragen vanuit zijn klinische ervaring metmindfulnessmeditatietraining (MTT). Hij relativeert de bijdrage die vanuit de wetenschap kan worden geleverd aan de klinische praktijk in het algemeen en aan het vaststellen van de waarde en effectiviteit van mindfulness in het bijzonder. Ook in het vorige nummer werd door Maya Schroevers en haar collega’s en door Ivan Nyklíček het effectonderzoek naar MTT al positiever ingeschat dan door Remco Havermans, maar Vernooij gaat nog een stapje verder. Hij lijkt de mogelijkheden van de wetenschap om uitspraken te doen over de klinische praktijk niet hoog in te schatten. Havermans vermoedt zelfs dat Vernooij hem beschuldigt van sciëntisme, de overtuiging dat wetenschap superieur is aan alle andere interpretaties van het leven. Havermans maakt glashelder waarom hij vindt dat wetenschap een cruciale rol vervult voor een op evidentie gebaseerde klinische praktijk. Tevens stelt hij nogmaals vast dat de evidentie voor MMT te wensen overlaat en dat ook het meest recente onderzoek, gepubliceerd in 2010 en 2011, dezelfde methodologische tekorten kent als eerder effectonderzoek naar MMT. De zoekterm ‘mindfulnesss’ leverde voor 2010 en 2011 weliswaar bijna 400 citaties op, maar hieronder vond hij slechts vijf relevante MMT-trials. Bij zijn beschrijving van deze trials stelt Havermans terloops vast dat hoge impactfactoren van tijdschriften niet garant staan voor kwalitatief het best mogelijke onderzoek. Dit laatste is mogelijk een troost voor Sandra Mulkens en andere Nederlandse onderzoekers die, geheel in de huidige academische traditie, zo hoog mogelijk proberen te scoren in Engelstalige wetenschappelijke tijdschriften, lees haar column in dit nummer. Naast effectonderzoek is onderzoek in de traditie van de experimentele psychopathologie (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) een beproefde manier om wetenschappelijke kennis te vergaren die van groot belang kan zijn voor de klinische praktijk. Het openingsartikel van dit nummer is hiervan een voorbeeld bij uitstek. Over de werkzame factoren van EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is veel gespeculeerd, maar nauwelijks iets bekend. Het onderzoek van Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard en collega’s heeft hierover een aannemelijk theoretisch model opgeleverd. De theorie dat belasting van het werkgeheugen een cruciale rol speelt bij het vervagen van negatieve en positieve herinneringen is door hen in een serie experimenten overtuigend aangetoond. Een van die experimenten wordt in het openingsartikel beschreven. De publicaties hierover (zowel Engelstalig als in het Nederlands) en de klinische implicaties die door de onderzoekers zijn geformuleerd, hebben tot veel reacties geleid. Gelet op de geschiedenis van EMDR in Nederland, met uitgesproken pleitbezorgers en criticasters, wekt dat wellicht weinig verbazing. In nummer 1 van Dth (Directieve therapie) van dit jaar reagerenWillen van der Does en Hellen Hornsveld op het model van Van den Hout en Engelhard en de consequenties ervan voor de klinische praktijk. Een opmerkelijke overeenkomst met de discussie over mindfulness is de verschillende interpretatie van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek, in dit geval de evidentie voor EMDR in vergelijking met cognitieve gedragstherapie (CGT): Van der Does (2011) meent dat EMDR net iets minder effectief is dan CGT, terwijl Hornsveld (2011) de conclusie trekt dat CGT, in het bijzonder imaginaire exposure, het aflegt tegen EMDR. Ook al waarschuwen beiden tegen al te snelle gevolgtrekkingen van dit experimenteel onderzoek bij niet-patiënten voor de klinische praktijk, nieuwe wetenschappelijke informatie lijkt vooral geïnterpreteerd te worden vanuit reeds eerder bestaande opvattingen en oordelen over EMDR en CGT. De suggestie van Van den Hout en Engelhard (2011) dat EMDR een gewone CGT-techniek kan worden, zal hen door de snel groeiende Vereniging EMDR Nederland niet in dank worden afgenomen, al hoopt Van der Does (2011) op decimering van het ledental. Al met al blijkt uit deze recente discussies het spanningsveld tussen wetenschap en klinische praktijk. De ontwikkelingen in de (klinische) psychologie, waarbij de kloof tussen wetenschappers en clinici alleen maar lijkt toe te nemen, onder andere omdat het door de toenemende specialisaties steeds moeilijker wordt voor psychologen om beide beroepsrollen te combineren, doen daar geen goed aan.

The discussion about mindfulness in the previous issue of Psychology & Health are hereby continued in this issue. Frank Vernooij responding to previous contributions from his clinical experience mindfulness and meditation training (MTT). He puts the contribution that science can be delivered to the clinical practice in general and to determine the value and effectiveness of mindfulness in particular. In the previous issue was Schroevers Maya and her colleagues and by Ivan Nyklicek impact study MTT been more positive assessments than by Remco Havermans, Vernooij but goes one step further. He seems the ability of science to make statements about the clinical practice to estimate high. Havermans even suspects that he Vernooij accused of scientism, the belief that science is superior to all other interpretations of life. Havermans makes clear why he thinks science is a crucial role for an evidence-based clinical practice. Also, he once again that the evidence of MMT is inadequate and that the latest research, published in 2010 and 2011, has the same methodological shortcomings as earlier research on effects MMT. The search term 'mindfulnesss "delivered in 2010 and 2011, while nearly 400 citations, but below, he found only five relevant trials MMT. In his description of these trials suggests that high Havermans casually impact factors of journals does not guarantee the best quality research. The latter may be a comfort to Sandra Mulkens and Dutch researchers, all in the current academic tradition, try to score as high as possible in English scientific journals, read her column in this issue. Besides effects research, research in the tradition of experimental psychopathology (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) a proven way to scientific knowledge is produced that may be important for clinical practice. The opening article of this issue is an example par excellence. On the effective factors of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has been much speculation but very little known. The study by Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard and colleagues has made a plausible theoretical model yielded. The theory that taxes working memory plays a crucial role in the blurring of negative and positive memories by them in a series of experiments convincingly demonstrated. One of those experiments in the opening article. The publications on this subject (both English and Dutch) and the clinical implications have been formulated by the investigators, have led to many responses. Given the history of EMDR in the Netherlands, with strong advocates and critics, suggests that perhaps little surprise. In a number of Dth (directive therapy) this year to respond to van der Does and Helen Horn Field on the model of van den Hout and Engelhard and its consequences for clinical practice. A remarkable agreement with the discussion of mindfulness is the different interpretations of scientific research, in this case the evidence for EMDR compared to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Van der Does (2011) believes that EMDR is slightly less effective than CBT, while Horn Field (2011) concludes that CBT, in particular imaginal exposure, it looses against EMDR. Although both warn against too rapid conclusions from this experimental study in non-patients for clinical practice, new scientific information seems to be interpreted from pre-existing beliefs and judgments about EMDR and CBT. The suggestion of Van den Hout and Engelhard (2011) that EMDR is a simple CBT techniques may be, will bring them through the fast-growing Netherlands Association EMDR not be appreciated, though hopes Van der Does (2011) on the decimation of the membership. All in all, of these recent discussions the tension between science and clinical practice. Developments in the (clinical) psychology, where the gap between scientists and clinicians only seems to be increasing, partly because it is the increasing specialization is becoming increasingly difficult for psychologists to both professional roles to combine, do not do well.

Keywords: Mindfulness and Meditation Training, MTT

Accuracy Verified: Yes

67. Littel, M. (2013, April). De rol van emotionaliteit op de effectiviteit van EMDR [The role of emotionality in the effectiveness of EMDR]. In Onderzoek track 1 and 2. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Als tijdens het ophalen van een autobiografische herinnering een andere taak wordt uitgevoerd die het werkgeheugen belast, zoals het maken van oogbewegingen, wordt de herinnering waziger terug opgeslagen: de levendigheid en emotionaliteit van de herinnering neemt af. Dit fenomeen kan verklaren waarom EMDR zo goed werkt als behandeling voor PTSD. Al het onderzoek dat tot nu toe gedaan is naar de effecten van oogbewegingen op herinneringen maakte gebruik van emotionele (positieve/negatieve) herinneringen. In de huidige presentatie zal worden ingegaan op de rol van deze emotionaliteit op de effectiviteit van EMDR. Uit onderzoek blijkt dat emotionele gebeurtenissen beter en gedetailleerder in het geheugen worden opgeslagen dan neutrale gebeurtenissen. Dit gebeurt als gevolg van verhoogde emotionele arousal, ofwel verhoogde afgifte van diverse stoffen in het brein, met als belangrijkste noradrenaline. Als noradrenaline wordt geblokkeerd met medicatie worden emotionele gebeurtenissen namelijk even slecht onthouden als neutrale. Ook tijdens het ophalen van emotionele herinneringen ontstaat er emotionele arousal. En het blokkeren van noradrenaline na het ophalen van een emotionele herinnering zorgt ervoor dat deze minder intens wordt terug opgeslagen in het geheugen. Emotionaliteit zorgt dus voor betere geheugen (re)consolidatie. De vraag is nu of het feit dat de in EMDR opgehaalde herinneringen emotioneel geladen zijn belangrijk is voor de effectiviteit van EMDR. En zo ja, zorgt de emotionele arousal die vrijkomt er dan voor dat de wazig-gemaakte herinneringen beter worden opgeslagen in het geheugen? Of werkt het op een andere manier? In de huidige presentatie zullen de resultaten worden besproken van een studie waarin onderzocht is of ook levendige neutrale herinneringen, net als emotionele herinneringen, door oogbewegingen minder levendig kunnen worden. Voorts zullen plannen besproken worden voor een studie naar oogbewegingen waarin emotionele arousal gemanipuleerd wordt. Ook zullen wetenschappelijke en klinische implicaties worden besproken.

If during the retrieval of autobiographical memories another task that taxed working memory, such as making eye movements, the reminder is stored back blurred: the vividness and emotionality of the memory decreases. This phenomenon may explain why EMDR works so well as a treatment for PTSD. All the research done so far has been on the effects of eye movements made use of emotional memories (positive / negative) memories. In the current presentation will discuss the role of emotionality on the effectiveness of EMDR. Studies show that emotional events better and more detailed in the memory than neutral events. This happens due to increased emotional arousal, or increased release of various substances in the brain, the main noradrenaline. If norepinephrine is blocked with medication emotional events are remembered because as bad as neutral. During the retrieval of emotional memories creates emotional arousal. And blocking norepinephrine after getting an emotional memory makes it less intense back stored in memory. Emotionality thus provides better memory (re) consolidation. The question now is whether the fact that the EMDR retrieved emotionally charged memories are important for the effectiveness of EMDR. And if so, will the emotional arousal released sure the blurry-made memories are better stored in memory? Whether it works in a different way? In the current presentation, the results are discussed from a study which investigated is whether vivid memories neutral, like emotional memories, by eye movements may be less vivid. Further plans will be discussed for a study of eye movements in which emotional arousal is manipulated. Also, scientific and clinical implications are discussed.

Keywords: Emotionality

Accuracy Verified: Yes

68. Dautovic, E. (2013, April). De toepassing van EMDR bij volwassenen met een complexe PTSS en een licht verstandelijke beperking: Practice en evidence based [The application of EMDR in adults with complex PTSD and mild intellectual disabilities: Evidence-based and practice]. In Onderzoek track 1 and 2. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Mensen met een verstandelijke beperking hebben een verhoogde kans op het meemaken van, voor hen, ingrijpende life-events en in het verlengde hiervan een verhoogd risico op het ontwikkelen van een posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTSS). De prevalentie van PTSS blijkt significant hoger te zijn bij mensen met een verstandelijke beperking (VB) dan bij mensen zonder VB. Daarnaast valt in de praktijk, bij deze populatie, de hoge prevalentie van complexe PTSS op. EMDR is een effectieve behandeling voor PTSS bij mensen zonder VB. Ook wordt EMDR al breed ingezet voor de behandeling van (complexe) PTSS bij mensen met een VB. Er is echter nog maar weinig onderzoek gedaan naar de effectiviteit van EMDR bij deze populatie. Bij Kristal, centrum voor psychiatrie en verstandelijke beperking, wordt EMDR al een aantal jaar toegepast in de behandeling van volwassenen met een complex trauma en een (lichte) verstandelijke beperking. Hierbij wordt het EMDR-behandelprotocol voor jeugdigen, zoals door de VEN uitgegeven, trouw gevolgd. Dit, echter altijd in combinatie met een stabiliserende pre-treatment, welke onze doelgroep weerbaarder moet maken voor de spanning die een traumabehandeling kan opwekken. Naast de praktische toepassing, welke deze benadering practice based maakte, heeft binnen Kristal tussen 2010 en 2013, synchroon aan de behandeling, een pilot-onderzoek naar de effectiviteit van deze behandeling gelopen. Dit met het doel deze benadering ook evidence based te maken.

People with intellectual disabilities have an increased chance of experiencing, for them, major life events and by extension an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher in people with intellectual disabilities (VB) than in those without VB. Furthermore falls in practice, in this population, the high prevalence of complex PTSD. EMDR is an effective treatment for PTSD in people without VB. Even though EMDR is widely used for the treatment of (complex) PTSD in people with VB. However, there is little research on the effectiveness of EMDR in this population. In Crystal, center for psychiatry and mental retardation, is EMDR for a number of years in the treatment of adults with complex trauma and a (mild) mental retardation . Here the EMDR treatment protocol for young people, as issued by the VEN, faithfully followed. This, however, always in combination with a stabilizing pre-treatment, which our audience resilient to make the stress of trauma treatment can generate. Besides the practical application, which this approach practice based made, has within Crystal between 2010 and 2013, synchronously treatment, a pilot study on the effectiveness of this treatment occurred. This with the aim of this approach is to make evidence-based.

Keywords: Adults Intellectual Disabilities Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

69. Hoogwerf, L. J. (2011, Februari). De werkingsmechanismen van EMDR: het effect van associeren op het desensitiseren van negatieve herinneringen [The mechanisms of action of EMDR: The effect of associating the desensitisation of negative memories]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een effectieve behandeling voor posttraumatische stress stoornis (PTSS). Het maken van oogbewegingen tijdens het terugdenken aan een negatieve herinnering is in vele voorgaande onderzoeken effectief gebleken in het verminderen van de naarheid en levendigheid van deze herinneringen. Een ander belangrijk onderdeel van deze behandeling, associëren, is echter nog niet goed onderzocht. Een mixed design is toegepast met 40 participanten, studenten, die ieder twee nare herinneringen ophaalden. 20 participanten hebben oogbewegingen gemaakt, waarbij tijdens één herinnering niet werd geassocieerd en tijdens de andere herinnering wel. De andere 20 participanten hebben geen oogbewegingen gemaakt (fixatie op een wit papier) ook met en zonder associëren. Er is geen effect gevonden van oogbewegingen, maar wel een effect van associaties. Bij participanten die gestimuleerd werden om associaties te maken, daalden de naarheid en levendigheid van de negatieve herinnering meer dan bij participanten die hiertoe niet gestimuleerd werden. Ook de aard van verschillende typen associaties is onderzocht. Uit de hiervoor berekende correlaties komt naar voren dat de naarheid en levendigheid van de negatieve herinnering minder afnemen wanneer men inde fixatieconditie van een afstand naar de gebeurtenis kijkt. In de oogbewegingenconditie neemt de naarheid juist meer af wanneer men van een afstand naar de gebeurtenis kijkt. De bevindingen ondersteunen het gebruik van associaties in de praktijk waarbij het van een afstand naar de gebeurtenis kijken het meest effectief lijkt.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Making eye movements during recall to a negative memory in many previous studies have proven effective in reducing the dreariness and vividness of these memories. Another important part of this treatment, associate, has not yet been well studied. A mixed design was used with 40 participants, students, each fetched two bad memories. 20 participants have eye movements made during a memory which was not associated with and during the other memory is. The other 20 participants have made no eye movement (fixation on a white paper) with or without associate. There is no effect of eye movements, but an effect of associations. For participants who were encouraged to make associations, decreased to nature and vibrancy of the more negative memories than participants who were not encouraged to do so. The nature of different types of associations was examined. From the above calculated correlations show that the dreariness and vibrancy of the negative memories less gas when classification fixation condition from a distance watching the event. the oogbewegingenconditie more precisely, the dreariness away from a distance when looking at the event. The findings support the use of associations in which the practice of distance to the event looking like the most effective

Keywords: Mechanisms of Action

Accuracy Verified: Yes

70. Errebo, N. (2010, July). A decade of EMDR humanitarian trainings in Asia. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In 1999, EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) began its work in Asia in Bangladesh. Since then HAP teams have trained clinicians in India, Indonesia, China, Thailand, Sri Lanka. This presentation will summarize what has been learned from ten years of experience in Asia. The EMDR HAP training in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami will be presented in detail. Issues addressed will include needs assessment, organization, collaboration among organizations, ethics, cultural competence ,and program evaluation. Videotapes will show training and sessions of trainees with tsunami survivors. The presentation will show how to train participants to think, write, and speak about EMDR as well as how to competently and ethically utilize EMDR with clients. An EMDR training program was conducted as a joint project of three organizations: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP), International Relief Teams (IRT), and the Sri Lankan National Counselors Association (SRILNAC). Between March and December 2005, 30 Sri Lankan counselors were trained in EMDR. These counselors demonstrated competence in EMDR on several measures, treated more than 1,000 children and more than 350 adult tsunami victims with EMDR in 2005, provided narrative reports and outcome measures for most of their clients, and formed the Sri Lanka EMDR Association (SEA). The crucial steps in establishing and implementing this training program are explained, with a summary of the subjective impressions and learning experiences most valued by the training team, including an excerpt from a trainer’s journal. This information may be useful to future cross-cultural humanitarian efforts following large-scale disasters. This article summarizes the crucial steps in establishing and carrying out this training program as well. Previous HAP programs in Bangladesh and Turkey (Konuk et al., 2006) had led to the development of a model of therapist training and service delivery following large-scale natural disasters. Great need for mental health treatment in developing countries following a disaster and the even greater challenge of delivering effective, culturally competent mental health treatment in these situations. Silove and Bryant (2006) praised the rapid needs assessment after the tsunami as an important advancement in psychiatric epidemiology that demonstrated the value of such assessment in guiding mental health interventions after disasters.They pointed out that the controversy over whether to offer psychological treatment after disasters confuses funding agencies and those planning mental health programs after disasters. Their concerns were echoed in Raphael and Stevens’s (2006) delineation of the emerging consensus about good mental health practice after disasters in an article that was not a part of the Bangkok symposium. IRT directors, EMDR-HAP staff, and SRILNAC leaders discussed crucial political, ethical, economic, and logistical decisions in conference calls and e-mails. They outlined a program that would be responsive to the culture and needs of Sri Lanka, would provide world-class EMDR training and consultation, and would follow International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) guidelines for mental health programs in post disaster situations (Weine et al., 2002). Following the funding mandate of IRT, the HAP team took responsibility for ensuring that services would in fact be delivered to tsunami survivors and that those services would be clinically effective. Therefore, requirements for continuing participation were quite specific, and trainees were more thoroughly evaluated than in previous HAP projects. These 30 counselors treated more than 1,350 tsunami survivors with EMDR between March and December 2005 and submitted outcome reports on these sessions that show marked improvement in PTSD symptoms. We know from e-mail contact that a number of participants continue to use EMDR effectively. As mentioned Important elements of the HAP training program in Sri Lanka included (a) adequate funding, (b) selection of trainees, (c) negotiation of objectives among HAP,IRT, and SRILNAC, (d) the pre-EMDR training in traumatology, (e) the consultation between trainings,(f ) the requirements for ongoing participation in the training, (g) a variety of measures of competence in EMDR, (h) the continuing, ongoing consultation with trainees, and (i) dedication. A project like this is expensive. IRT received.

Keywords: Asia HAP Humanitarian Assistance Programs Trainings

Accuracy Verified: Yes

71. Curry, S. (2006, June). Decisions, decisions…Forks in the road in EMDR: What, when and who. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Following EMDR training, clinicians experience a steep learning curve when they attempt to implement the protocol with clients. Anecdotal evidence points to a significant reduction in numbers of EMDR trained clinicians actually utilizing it correctly with clients on a regular basis. EMDR is much more complex than it first appears; therefore those who use the protocol only occasionally or loosely will miss significant opportunities to grasp the subtleties and effective application. There is a need, even for experienced EMDR clinicians, to learn and apply a structured way of identifying the decisions we make both before and as we proceed through the protocol. A growing body of researcs exists to back up our decisions; however, some choices are made based on intuition and clinical judgment. Topics will include a self-evaluation (passions and expertise); why we sharpen our phone skills up-front; rationales for tightening up intake and case conceptualization; decisions during preparation, safe place, resource development, assessment, desensitization, and later phases of the protocol; decisions regarding cognitive interweaves; and decisions regarding time management and flexing a treatment plan. Participants will be encouraged to sharpen their thinking about how they do EMDR with their clients, by means of identifying the most important "forks in the road" before and during treatment; be able to name at least one decision point pertaining to each of the Phases covered; and finally, to provide a rationale for the choices they do make at these critical moments.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweaves Preparation Phase Time Management

Accuracy Verified: Yes

72. Curry, S. (2006, September). Decisions, decisions…Forks in the road in EMDR: What, when, and why. Presentation at an annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: F
ollowing EMDR training, clinicians experience a steep learning curve when they attempt to implement the protocol with clients. Anecdotal evidence points to a significant reduction in numbers of EMDR trained clinicians actually utilizing it correctly with clients on a regular basis. EMDR is much more complex than it first appears; therefore those who use the protocol only occasionally or loosely will miss significant opportunities to grasp the subtleties and effective application. There is a need, even for experienced EMDR clinicians, to learn and apply a structured way of identifying the decisions we make both before and as we proceed through the protocol. A growing body of researcs exists to back up our decisions; however, some choices are made based on intuition and clinical judgment. Topics will include a self-evaluation (passions and expertise); why we sharpen our phone skills up-front; rationales for tightening up intake and case conceptualization; decisions during preparation, safe place, resource development, assessment, desensitization, and later phases of the protocol; decisions regarding cognitive interweaves; and decisions regarding time management and flexing a treatment plan. Participants will be encouraged to sharpen their thinking about how they do EMDR with their clients, by means of identifying the most important "forks in the road" before and during treatment; be able to name at least one decision point pertaining to each of the Phases covered; and finally, to provide a rationale for the choices they do make at these critical moments. 8

Keywords: Cognitive Interweaves Preparation Phase Time Management

Accuracy Verified: Yes

73. Erdmann, C. (2005). Die beeinflussung chronischer schmerzen durch psychologische, schmerztherapisverfahren und EMDR [The influence of psychological chronic pain, chronic pain procedures and EMDR]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Das in den 80er Jahren von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro veröffentlichte Verfahren EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) beinhaltet als zentrale Komponente, dass die Aufmerksamkeit des Patienten sich auf eine traumatische Erinnerung und die damit verbundenen Gedanken und Gefühle richtet, während gleichzeitig rhythmische Augenbewegungen induziert werden. (Shapiro 1998) EMDR eignet sich signifikant gut zur Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Störungssyndrom, meistens bestehend aus vegetativer Übererregtheit, Erstarrung, Schlaflosigkeit, Angst und Depression, das häufig auftritt nach sehr belastenden Ereignissen oder starken Bedrohungen, wie z.B. schweren Unfällen, Naturkatastrophen, Folter, sexuellem Missbrauch, Vergewaltigungen, usw. Das Störungsbild der PTBS zeigt große Ähnlichkeiten mit dem Chronischen Schmerzsyndrom. Chronischer Schmerz kann als eigenständiges Trauma gelten mit dem eigenen Körper als Opfer und Täter. Oft finden sich auch Traumata im Vorfeld oder begleitend. Chronischer Schmerz ist signifikant assoziiert mit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung, mit Angsterkrankungen, Depressionen und weiteren psychischen Störungen. EMDR wird inzwischen auch mit guten Erfolgen eingesetzt bei anderen Erkrankungen, z.B. Suchterkrankungen, Depressionen, Angst- und Zwangsstörungen. Überzeugende Erfolge stellen sich ein bei der Behandlung auch sehr kleiner Kinder mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Erkrankungen. (Tinker, Wilson 1999) Bislang gibt es aber noch relativ wenig Forschungen über die Wirksamkeit von EMDR bei Akutschmerz, bei Chronischem Schmerz und im Bereich der Psychosomatik. Es ist allerdings bekannt, dass EMDR sich bei Akutschmerz eignet zum Abbau der den Schmerz häufig begleitenden Angst und darüber hinaus bei Chronischem Schmerz zur Erhöhung der Schmerztoleranz, zu mehr Entspannung, zu positiven kognitiven Strategien, zu Desensibilisierung und zur Ablenkung. (Groth, Rogers 1994). EMDR führt zu nachweislichen neurologischen Veränderungen und damit einhergehenden vom Patienten berichteten positiven Veränderungen im Beschwerdebild. (van der Kolk 2000) EMDR lässt sich nach ersten Untersuchungen ebenfalls erfolgreich einsetzen zur Behandlung von Phantomschmerzen. (Wilson nach Tinker, Wilson 2000).

That in the 80s by the American psychologist Francine Shapiro published procedures EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) includes as a central component that the patient's attention on a traumatic memory and associated thoughts and feelings directed, while rhythmic eye movements be induced. (Shapiro 1998) EMDR is significantly well to the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is a disorder syndrome, consisting mostly of vegetative over-arousal, numbness, insomnia, anxiety and depression that occurs very often after stressful events or severe threats, such as serious accidents, natural disasters, torture, sexual abuse, rape, etc. The disorder of PTSD shows great similarities with the chronic pain syndrome. Chronic pain can be considered as a separate trauma of his own body as victims and perpetrators. Often also found in the run or incidental trauma. Chronic pain is significantly associated with post traumatic stress disorder, with anxiety disorders, depression and other mental disorders. EMDR is now used with good results in other diseases, such as Addiction, depression, anxiety and compulsive disorders. Convincing results are adapting to treat even very young children with different mental disorders. (Tinker, Wilson 1999) So far there is relatively little research on the effectiveness of EMDR in acute pain, Chronic pain and in the field of psychosomatic medicine. However, it is known that EMDR is suitable for acute pain to reduce the pain often associated with anxiety and also to increase the pain Chronic pain tolerance, more relaxation, positive cognitive strategies to desensitization and distraction. (Groth, Rogers 1994). EMDR leads to demonstrable neurological changes resulting from the patient and reported positive changes in symptoms. (Van der Kolk 2000), after initial investigations EMDR can also be used successfully to treat phantom pain. (Wilson to Tinker, Wilson 2000).

Keywords: Chronic Pain Chronic Pain Protocol Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

74. Leuenberger, R. (2008). Die EMDR - Methode und ihr bezug zurbersten grundmotivation [EMDR - the method and its relation to basic motivation]. Existenzanalyse, 25(1), 44-53.

Language: German

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
In dieser Arbeit soll gezeigt werden, dass aufgrund der während vier Jahren in einer ärztlichen Grundversorgerpraxis mit der EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprozessing)-Methode gesammelten Erfahrungen zur Behandlung psychisch traumatisierter Patienten mit einer PTBS (posttraumatische Belastungsstörung) über die gängigen, zum Teil hypothetischen neurobiologischen Erklärungsversuche hinaus, die Existenzanalyse sehr viel zum psychologischen wie auch philosophischen Verständnis dieser Methode beitragen kann. Aus den verbalen Äusserungen der Patienten vor, während und nach der Behandlung kann geschlossen werden, dass von den betroffenen Defiziten der vier Grundmotivationen der Existenzanalyse die der ersten Grundmotivation am meisten Bedeutung haben. Anhand von 23 Krankengeschichten werden die Wirkfaktoren der EMDR-Methode mit den Begriffen der ersten Grundmotivation existenzanalytisch verstehbar.

This thesis should demonstrate that existential analysis can make a substantial contribution to the psychological as well as philosophical understanding of the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprozessing) method of treating mentally traumatized patients with a PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder), and thus extends beyond the common, and to some degree hypothetical, neurobiological attempts at explaining this method. The study is based on the experiences collected over a period of four years in the practice of a general practitioner who used the EMDR method in the treatment of patients suffering from PTSD. According to the verbal statements of patients made before, during and after treatment, it can be concluded that of the relevant deficiencies in the areas of the four fundamental motivations of existential analysis, those having to do with the first fundamental motivation bear the most significance. On the basis of 23 medical histories the effective factors of the EMDR method will become understandable from an existential-analytic point of view by using the concepts of the first fundamental motivation.

Keywords: Existential Analysis: Fundamental Motivation Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

75. Plassmann, R. (2007). Die kunst des lassens: Psychotherapie mit EMDR fur erwachsene und kinder [The art of giving. EMDR for adults and children]. Reihe: edition psychosozial, Giessen: Psychosozial-Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Das Buch beschreibt auf sehr lebendige Weise, mit vielen Fallbeispielen, wie das EMDR und die moderne Hirnforschung die Psychotherapie auf eine völlig neue Grundlage gestellt haben und uns Möglichkeiten an die Hand gegeben haben, die vorher nicht bestanden. Es erläutert dem Fachmann die Arbeitsweise und deren wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und potenziellen Patienten, wie ihr Weg durch den Heilungsprozess aussieht.Wie fördert man seelische Heilungs- und Wachstumsprozesse? Vor dieser Herausforderung steht die wissenschaftliche Psychotherapie seit nunmehr 100 Jahren. Entscheidende Fortschritte sind in den letzten Jahren durch die neuen Methoden der modernen Traumatherapie möglich geworden. Gleichzeitig hat uns die moderne Hirnforschung Einblick gegeben, wie das Gehirn emotionale Belastungen verarbeitet. Die EMDR-Technik (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) konzentriert sich der Patient auf ein belastendes Erlebnis während seine Augen gleichzeitig den Handbewegungen des Therapeuten folgen, wodurch eine entlastende Wirkung eintritt. Das Buch beschreibt mit vielen Fallbeispielen auf sehr lebendige Weise, wie das EMDR und die moderne Hirnforschung die Psychotherapie auf eine völlig neue Grundlage gestellt und uns neue Möglichkeiten an die Hand gegeben haben. Es erläutert dem Fachmann die Arbeitsweise und deren wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und potenziellen Patienten, wie ihr Weg durch den Heilungsprozess aussieht, bei Essstörungen, Borderlinestörungen, Traumafolgestörungen und bei allen durch emotionale Überlastung entstandenen Erkrankungen.

The book describes in lively fashion, with many case studies provided as EMDR and modern brain research and therapy in a completely new basis have and have given us opportunities to the hand that were not there before. It explains the workings of the expert and the scientific basis and potential patients, as its way through the healing process aussieht.Wie promotes spiritual healing and growth it processes? That is the challenge the scientific psychotherapy is now 100 years since. Decisive progress in recent years made possible by new methods of modern trauma therapy. At the same time our modern brain research has given insight into how the brain processes emotional stress. The EMDR technique (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) focuses the patient on a stressful experience at the same time as his eyes follow the hand movements of the therapist, making an exculpatory effect occurs. The book describes many case studies have a very vivid way, as the modern brain research and the EMDR psychotherapy on an entirely new basis, and given us new opportunities to the hand. It explains the workings of the expert and the scientific basis and potential patients, as you look way through the healing process by eating disorders, borderline personality disorders, trauma disorders, and in all subsequent congestion caused by emotional disorders.

Keywords: Adults Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

76. Hopper, J., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., Yehuda, R., van der Kolk, B. A., & Simpson, W. (2003, October-November). Differential biological outcomes of EMDR and fluoxetine for PTSD. In B. A. van der Kolk (Chair), Treatment outcome studies of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment Outcome Studies of PTSD: This symposium presents three large carefully controlled treatment outcome studies using four different treatment modalities (CBT, EMDR, psychopharmacology and Cognitive Processing) and presents data on comparative efficacy, treatment responsiveness and resistance, effects on comorbidity, quality of life, and biological changes that accompany symptom improvement.

Differential Biological Outcomes of EMDR and Fluoxetine for PTSD: Two major developments in PTSD research have been the development of effective treatments and the delineation of pathophysiology. While major gains have been made in both of these areas, they have occurred in parallel. There is a need for investigations of possible differential effects of different treatment modalities on biological aspects of PTSD. In this randomized controlled trial (N = 105), we compared the exposure treatment Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, the serotonergic reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, and pill placebo for their effects on both PTSD symptoms and biological parameters. The outcome measures were severity of reexperiencing, avoidant/numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms; psychophysiological reactivity to script-driven imagery; basal salivary cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test (DST). At pre-treatment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, saliva samples were acquired at 8 a.m., 11 p.m. (immediately followed by dexamethasone) and 8 a.m.. Participants also underwent a script-driven imagery protocol utilizing four 30s scripts, each followed by a 60s script imaging period and 2 minute recovery periods (fixed order: neutral, trauma, neutral, trauma). Preliminary analyses partially support hypothesizes concerning differential efficacies of pharmacological and psychological treatments on different symptom clusters and biological markers of the disorder, at post-treatment and 3- month follow-up. Potential implications for treatment and future research will be discussed.

Keywords: Fluoxetine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

77. Gelbach, R. A., & Davis, K. E. B. (2007). Disaster response: EMDR and family systems therapy under communitywide stress. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 387-404). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Disaster is commonly understood as an overwhelming misfortune that is not easily overcome or set right. Though our lives may go on after a disaster, it is virtually certain that they will have been transformed in some profound way. Nevertheless, it is very clear that not all who live through a disaster will be traumatized by it and that only a fraction of survivors will develop trauma-related disorders such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Societies that have resources and choose to use them to shore up the infrastructure quickly and effectively will buffer their populations from increasing levels of PTSD. The impact of disasters on family and societal function and intervention priorities are discussed here. Report of the Task Force (2002) of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies is summarized next. The chapter then discusses psychotherapy as a response to disaster. Two approaches to postdisaster psychotherapy that have adapted well in diverse cultural environments are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) and family systems approaches. The therapy process is presented next. Other topics here include family and cultural considerations and group treatment. A case example is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Disaster Response Disasters Emotional Trauma Family Systems Therapy Family Therapy Post Disaster Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stress Society Therapy Process

Accuracy Verified: Yes

78. Yule, W. (2008, April). Disaster, crisis and trauma psychology: Meeting the needs of children and adolescents. Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Psychological Society of Ireland and NIBPS, Dublin,Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will summarise the work undertaken by the Standing Committee and describe the developments in Disaster, Crisis and Trauma Psychology as they relate to children and adolescents. Post Traumatic Stress Reactions are now well described in children, although much has still to be learned about pre-schoolers. Developmental and gender differences as well as family influences have all been investigated within a broad developmental psychopathology framework. Most excitingly, efficient and effective brief interventions such as trauma focused cognitive behaviour therapy and EMDR have been developed, applied and validated. These individually oriented interventions have also been adapted for large group interventions as are needed after major disasters and war. Recent developments will be highlighted and future directions indicated.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Crisis Disaster Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

79. Valdez, D. W. (2006, September 10). Disasters, crime leave their marks on survivors. El Paso, TX: El Paso Times, Lifestyle.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
"There are some new treatment approaches that can shorten the amount of time some of these people have to spend in therapy," Patterson said. "One of these is known as EMDR -- eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. It is effective." The treatment, developed in the late 1980s, uses eye movement in connection with images or other reminders to help people to release a trauma.

Keywords: Crime El Paso Disasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

80. Cotraccia, A. (2008, June). Disorganized attachment in the “worried well”: EMDR in the treatment of adjustment disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will begin with a focus on current Adjustment Disorder literature. This section will highlight problems of intrapersonal and interpersonal attunement as defined from an Interpersonal Neurobiological perspective. Furthermore, literature on attachment theory will explore the importance of contingent communication in the development of an integrated mind. The relevance of intersubjective experience in adaptive information processing will help participants learn to identify experiences of misattuned communication as relational trauma. Information processing will further be explored as related to self states. An emphasis on recognizing “cohesive vs coherent” self states will be made. The understanding of the multiplicity of the mind in this section will provide a context for considering dissociation from an attachment theory perspective. In addition the emergence of cohesive and “disaggregated” self states will be highlighted as a result of the disorganized attachment experience. This particular type of relational trauma will be conceptualized as a betrayal trauma. Disavowal of self states will be established as salient in the vagueness of presenting complaints in the patient with an Adjustment Disorder. AIP case conceptualization of Adjustment Disorders will be established and a focus for the remainder of the workshop. Identification of memory networks associated with disorganized/unresolved experiences and integration of cohesive self states will follow. The 8 phased 3 pronged protocol or modified egostate specific targeting will be highlighted with a case study. Participants will learn to organize a treatment plan around negative cognitions, affects and behaviours reflected in the presenting problem and history.

Keywords: Adjustment Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

81. Furukawa, D. K. (1998, June). The dive method. EMDRIA Newsletter, 3(2), 26, 31.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
In life, we find that much of what holds us back is fear. This was the theme of the movies, “Defending Your Life,” in which, after dying, the main character must examine his life only to find that he continually made decisions which restrained his personal growth due to his fear and lack of belief in self. Certainly other emotions like shame and guilt, sadness and anger play key parts in the reprocessing of trauma. However, experience has shown that fear is quite often either related to the emotion that is associated with the trauma focus, or the stated emotion turns into fear as reprocessing commences.

Keywords: Dive Method Fear

Accuracy Verified: Yes

82. Roth, W. T. (2010). Diversity of effective treatments of panic attacks: What do they have in common?. Depression and Anxiety, 27(1), 5-11. doi:10.1002/da.20601.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
By comparing efficacious psychological therapies of different kinds, inferences about common effective treatment mechanisms can be made. We selected six therapies for review on the basis of the diversity of their theoretical rationales and evidence for superior efficacy: psychoanalytic psychotherapy, hypercapnic breathing training, hypocapnic breathing training, reprocessing with and without eye-movement desensitization, muscle relaxation, and cognitive behavior therapy. The likely common element of all these therapies is that they reduce the immediate expectancy of a panic attack, disrupting the vicious circle of fearing fear. Modifying expectation is usually regarded as a placebo mechanism in psychotherapy, but may be a specific treatment mechanism for panic. The fact that this is seldom the rationale communicated to the patient creates a moral dilemma: Is it ethical for therapists to mislead patients to help them? Pragmatic justification of a successful practice is a way out of this dilemma. Therapies should be evaluated that deal with expectations directly by promoting positive thinking or by fostering non-expectancy.

Keywords: Anxiety Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

83. Butler, K. (1995, July-August). Divided memories. Family Therapy Networker, 19(4), 1.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Ann Norris first went to see Laguna Beach psychologist Doug Sawin in 1988. She had recently graduated from college with a degree in music and suffered from insomnia and drank alcohol to sleep. But it was her relationship with her mother, Judy, that troubled her most. After Ann's triumphant college graduation vocal recital, Judy hadn't even congratulated her. Two days later, Judy had called and angrily attacked Ann over the phone until Ann cried.
It was the kind of issue that a good family or individual therapist might have addressed by building on Ann's obvious strengths, teaching her to contain and manage her feelings, and coaching her to develop a better relationship with her mother. But Sawin instead focussed intensely on the past. Ann soon had memories of her father sexually abusing her, and later of elaborate cultic abuse, which her three siblings didn't come close to corroborating. She was hospitalized after attempting suicide, and Sawin bluntly told her father, Al, over the phone, of Ann's charges Al collapsed in tears.
Over the years, Ann drew closer to Sawin while her relations with her family and her own mental state grew more troubled. She was diagnosed with Multiple Personality Disorder and, with Sawin's support, sued her parents and grandparents for $20 million. She spent six years in therapy with Sawin She now describes psychiatric hospitals where she still stays periodically because she cuts and burns herself as her "institutional mothers." She has not spoken to her true mother in six years. And she no longer sings.
It doesn't take a PhD in psychology or a seat on a state licensing board to see that Ann is worse off than when she entered therapy. Millions of nontherapists undoubtedly made just such an assessment when Ann, her therapist and her family told their stories before millions of prime-time viewers on "Divided Memories," a four-hour PBS Frontline documentary screened in early May.
In her wide-ranging investigation of therapy, sexual abuse and memory, producer Ofra Bikel used as her primary subject families divided by recovered memories of abuse. She also managed to persuade nearly half a dozen therapists to do therapy while her camera was running. It was a remarkable event, in which all of America was invited behind the one-way mirror to see therapy in action in the midst of its most divisive controversy and to judge it for themselves.

Keywords: MPD Multiple Personality Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

84. Samec, J. R. (2005, Februari). Dorothys dilemma, När en patient inte har en trygg bas för behandling [Dorothy’s Dilemma: A patient with an insecure base for treatment]. EMDR Tidningen.

Language: Swedish

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
James R. Samec, leg. psykoterapeut med privat verksamhet i Stockholm och Norrtälje. Han är också verksam vid barn- och ungdomspsykiatriska mottagningen i Norrtälje. Artikeln är en omarbetad version av den som publicerades i EMDR-tidningen i februari 2005. Författaren tackar också leg. psykoterapeut Lotta Landerholm för hennes ovärderliga och insiktsfulla observationer. Hur gör man när en patient vägrar att berätta om vad hon har varit utsatt för, vem som utsatt henne för det och hotar henne i hennes aktuella liv? Denna artikel illustrerar hur psykodynamisk psykoterapi med Eye Movement Densensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ger möjlighet att bearbeta ett trauma utan att psykoterapeuten vet vem och vad patienten har varit utsatt för och hur en omvänd applicering av EMDR kan hjälpa en patient som fortfarande är utsatt för den förövaren som orsakade traumatiseringen.

A traumatized adolescent, sensitive to rejection and exposed to real threat by the perpetrator who caused past traumatisation, would seem to have an insecure base for therapeutic treatment. Such a patient may have difficulty developing resources according to the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)-resource installation procedure and accepting EMDR-cognitive interweaves. Treatment of such a patient demonstrates that therapy is possible, if the patient is given the possibility to confront the perpetrator in an imaginary anticipatory situation and process that event with EMDR, even though not all past and current issues have been completely treated.

Keywords: Adolescents Client Readiness Cognitive Interweave Resource Installation Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

85. Jatzko, A., Ruf, M., & Schmitt, A. (2008, Mai). Durch EMDR normalisierte funktionelle verarbeitungsprozesse bei PTBS: Eine fMRT pilotstudie [EMDR normalized by functional processing in PTSD: An fMRI pilot study] . Poster präsentiert auf der 10. Jahrestagung der DeGPT Deutschsprachige Gesellschaft für Psychotraumatologie, Psychisches Trauma-korperliches Leiden, Basel, Schweiz.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Es existieren kaum Untersuchungen mittels funktioneller Bildgebung, die den Effekt psychotherapeutischer Verfahren und deren Auswirkungen auf das Gehirn eruieren. Eye-Movement-Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ist ein anerkanntes Verfahren zur Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung, jedoch wurde noch keine fMRT-Studie zu diesem Verfahren veröffentlicht. Diese fMRT-Studie soll erste Hinweise auf die Auswirkungen einer EMDR-Therapie auf die Informationsverarbeitung einer Patientin mit einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) zeigen.

The fMRI study was at the ZI in a SIEMENS VISION 1.5 Tesla MR scanner with a 2D/EPI-Sequence (3.43 mm x 3:43 in plane Resolution, 24 layers, 4 mm per layer, 1 mm gap) and a Repetition time of 2.94 s made. It was her description of her of the accident at the moment of impact in a block design alternating with a baseline condition (only MRI noise) presented. Each 8x block was presented for 19.8 sec. After this there is a EMDRBehandlung (2h), where there were violent reactions of the patient. After a 20th Break was repeated the fMRI procedure. The Analysis was performed by BrainVoyager QX 1.9, with a t-test (fixed effect) with a threshold of q <0.5 (corrected) as was assumed significant.

Keywords: fMRI Pilot Study Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

86. Nofal, S. (2003). E.M.D.R: Método psicoterapéutico de elección [EMDR psychotherapeutic method of choice]. Psicoterapias. Presentación en: 3º Congreso Virtual de Psiquiatria.com.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
E.M.D.R.: que significa Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento con Movimientos Oculares es un método psicoterapéutico para tratar trastornos emocionales que son causadas por experiencias abrumadoras de la vida, que van desde eventos traumáticos como guerras, accidentes, violaciones y desastres naturales, hasta situaciones traumáticas originadas en la niñez. · Se pueden tratar también además del T.E.P.T. todos los trastornos de ansiedad, depresión, desórdenes disociativos, duelos, dolor crónico, adicciones, perturbaciones somáticas, etc. en niños, adolescentes y adultos.

EMDR: meaning Desensitization and Reprocessing eye movement is a psychotherapeutic method for treating emotional disorders that are caused by overwhelming experiences of life, ranging from traumatic events such as war, accidents, violations and natural disasters, to traumatic situations arising in childhood . · You can also treat PTSD plus all anxiety disorders, depression, dissociative disorders, grief, chronic pain, addiction, somatic disturbances, etc.. in children, adolescents and adults.

Keywords: Postraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapies PTSD Stress Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

87. Shapiro, E., & Fernandez, I. (2013, June). Early EMDR intervention (EEI): Theory, Practice and research application in a mass disaster. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR has demonstrated effectiveness in treating chronic PTSD and old trauma memories, yet Early EMDR Intervention (EEI) protocols have not received sufficient attention from EMDR researchers or clinicians.
As part of a comprehensive approach to EEI, this workshop presents the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP), which is an integrative protocol that incorporates and extends existing EMDR protocols within a new conceptual framework, together with additional measures for containment and safety. The application of the R-TEP will be presented with video case illustrations as well as a report of its utilisation in a mass disaster situation.
Intervening with EMDR in mass disasters has proven to give a significant contribution to this field. During the workshop the structure of an intervention in the acute phase will be described. Recent developments have been seen in the earthquake that hit northern Italy earlier this year, where EMDR was the most widely used approach and utilised with more than 2000 survivors. Epidemiological data and measured changes in post-traumatic stress before and after EMDR will be presented and practical guidelines for implementation of EMDR in the acute and chronic phase of trauma after a mass disaster outlined.
Learning objectives: Identify and comprehend distinctive issues pertaining to Early EMDR Intervention in general. Identify and comprehend key features, procedures and concepts of the EMDR Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP); Evaluate the advantages of the R-TEP protocol for Early EMDR Intervention; Assess the advantage of early EMDR intervention during the acute phases following a natural disaster; and Learn the logistics involved with applying the EMDR R-TEP protocol on a large scale in a post mass disaster while obtaining pre-post and follow-up data measures.

Keywords: Early Intervention Theory EEI Mass Disaster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

88. Quinn, G. (2010, July). Early interventions. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s : EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations.(2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and man made disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.

Keywords: Early Interventions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

89. Dyregrov, A. (2006, March). Early interventions following disasters – A place for EMDR and trauma therapy?. Presentation at the 4th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Considerable professional debate exists regarding the role of mental health professionals in the early intervention following disasters. Emotional first aid is a natural part of disaster response in western countries, while the active involvement of mental health professionals is debated. The current paradigm is to screen to find those at risk after a period of time (usually > 1 month) and then refer those in need to more active traumatherapeutic assistance based on the screening results. Dr. Dyregrov will argue for an active role for mental health professionals in the early response, but will discuss and question whether EMDR or other specific trauma therapy should be offered within the first few weeks following a disaster.

Keywords: Disasters Early Interventions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

90. Staemmler, F. M. (2004, Spring). Editorial. International Gestalt Journal, 27(1), 5-7.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The article gives an introduction to the papers included in the present issue of "International Gestalt Journal". Spurred by the positive feedback we have received for the last two volumes of our journal the editorial board has once again made a special effort to provide our readers with interesting material. The contribution by Stephan Tobin (see record 2004-19782-003) addresses an issue that has gained great attention in recent years: the therapy of trauma. In his paper Tobin outlines his idea of an integration of EMDR and relational gestalt therapy. Dan Bloom's (see record 2004-19782-005)paper describes the development of the world's first gestalt therapy institute, which has been one of the major sources of gestalt therapy and its vicissitudes over the course of half a century. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Editorial Emotional Trauma Multimodal Treatment Approach Neurophysiology Physiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

91. Zhang, J. (2010, July). The effect of EMDR for children with PTSD/PTSS after the Sichaun earthquake. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A devastating earthquake suddenly struck over Sichuan Province of China at May 12, 2008. Two weeks after the quake, over five hundreds children who lost either parents or one parent were moved to RiZhao, ShanDong province. After a through screening with MiNi, Kiddie-Sads and the diagnosed assessment with Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA), about 8 percent was diagnosed with PTSD or PTSS. 511 children were selected. The final diagnosis was made with DSM-IV. We treated these PTSD/PTSS children with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), which is taken as one of the most effective treatments for PTSD. 26 children with PTSD consented to receive EMDR treatment and 26 completed the treatment. They were randomized into pretreatment group and waiting group. Children enrolled in treatment completed a number of self-report measures and CAPS-CA; pre-, mid- and post-treatment and at follow-up. All children received three 45-90minute sessions of EMDR, one session a week. The total score, subscale scores and ration of decreased score were calculated for CAPS-CA. Comparing the ratio of decreased score, the rations after the three sessions’ treatment were significantly higher than that of waiting group and naturally decreased with time. The results indicate that some children with PTSD after the SiChuan earthquake were getting well after short term EMDR.

Keywords: Children Earthquake Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD: PTSS Sichaun

Accuracy Verified: Yes

92. Vaughan, K. (1995, June). The effect of eye movement component of EMDR on emotional processing and arousal in PTSD. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: T
he aim of this study is to investigate in a controlled manner the effect of eye movements on emotional processing and physiological arousal in 22 PTSD patients. Changes in emotional processing and physiological arousal were measured before during and after EMDR eye movement procedure: for this experiment the EMDR procedure was varied: with a condition with eyes moving in a normal manner; with eyes watching a stationary non-moving finger; and with eyes closed acting as a control condition. In order to measure emotional processing a manual for measuring emotional processing was made. In addition to the results of this experiment the main features of this manual for scoring emotional processing including reliability measures will also be presented. Physiological arousal was measured using galvanic skin response.

Keywords: Arousal Emotional Reprocessing Eye movement Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

93. Uribe, M. E. R., Ramirez, E. O. L., & Mena, I. J. (2010, May). Effect of the EMDR psychotherapeutic approach on emotional cognitive processing in patients with depression. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 396-405. doi:10.1017/S1138741600003966.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The current investigation, framed within the emotional cognitive science field, was conducted with three patients with major depression. They participated in a therapeutic process which involved EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Data were obtained in the clinical practice through a longitudinal one subject study design, including: emotional valence identification within affective priming experiments; and depressive emotional representation studies, the data of which was analyzed using multidimensional scaling. The first ones had the purpose of observing the therapeutic impact over the emotional cognitive bias mechanism regarding depresogenic words related to traumatic experiences; and the second, to analyze modifications on depressive schemata. The results showed that EMDR had a positive effect both on emotional cognitive processing and on long-term memory conceptual organization. In the discussion section, interesting remarks are made on the incorporation of emotional cognitive science tools to the EMDR clinical practice

Keywords: Depression Emotional Cognitive Processing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

94. Cloitre, M. (2009, January). Effective psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder: A review and critique. CNS Spectrums, 14(1, Supplement 1), 32-43 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This report reviews and critiques the psychotherapy literature for the treatment of PTSD and systematically presents data on sample size, rates of completion, and effect sizes. Substantial progress has been made in the use of cognitive behavioral therapies and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for the resolution of PTSD. Innovations in PTSD treatments are identified. Further advances are needed in the treatment of populations with complex and chronic forms of PTSD such as those found in childhood abuse populations, refugee populations, and those experiencing chronic mental illness. The need to address comorbid emotional, social, and physical health consequences of trauma, to implement treatments in community-based settings, and to incorporate larger systems of care into study designs is noted. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

95. Ueda, E., Yamanishi, K., & Fukui, Y. (2010, July). The effective way of controlling of habitual scratching on atopic dermatitis patients with social stress by using EMDR. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study aims to cure refractory atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, by using EMDR, who severely suffer from habitual scratching that may derive from their unbearable social stress. The prevalence of AD is 13.2% in 3 year-old children and 8.2% among 1st grade university students in Japan, according to a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare study, 2000 to 2002. The patients with AD have been increasing in the past 20 years. Among these patients, 20% have more than moderate severity, and within this group, some of the patients have chronic and refractory conditions with some psychosomatic factors. So far a great deal of effort has been made to care those patients, however, there are still quite some patients who are distressed with their difficult state of condition. We then focus on treatment of controlling habitual scratching of AD patients that may generally derive from personal friction or social stress. We obtained fairly significant results with EMDR on which these patients came to be able to control themselves, reduce their scratching, and also enhance their self-efficacy. These results suggested that EMDR were useful for controlling the habitual scratching from stress of traumatic memory such as child abuse, bullying of tragedy and effective for refractory AD patients.

Keywords: Atopic Dermatitis Habitual Stress Scratching

Accuracy Verified: Yes

96. Fleming, J. (2012). The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of traumatized children and youth. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 16-26. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.16.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article provides a summary of all the studies that have investigated eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of traumatized children and adolescents. The effectiveness of the treatment is revealed in more than 15 studies. This article considers the differences between Type I and Type II traumas and specifically examines the effects of EMDR on traumatic stress experienced by children and youth following Type I and Type II traumas. There is a considerable body of research evaluating EMDR treatment of Type I traumas, showing strong evidence for its efficacy, but there are few studies that have specifically investigated EMDR treatment of Type II traumas. The effect of EMDR on various symptoms and problem areas is also examined. Recommendations are made for the clinical application of EMDR and for further research.

Keywords: Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

97. Merckelbach, H., Hogervorst, E., Kampman, M., & de Jongh, A. (1994). Effects of '"eye movement desensitization" on emotional processing in normal subjects. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22(4), 331-335. doi:10.1017/S1352465800013217.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A number of single case reports have made impressive claims for the efficacy of "eye movement desensitization" (EMD) in the treatment of traumatic memories. Many of these case reports claim that EMD reduces the unpleasant feelings associated with traumatic images. However, at present, there are no published controlled studies that provide evidence for these claims. The present experiment investigated whether EMD inhibits emotional responding during retrieval of aversive information. Normal Ss (N = 40) were exposed to an aversive slide. During a next stage, half of the Ss underwent EMD while they rehearsed the slide information, whereas the other half underwent a control procedure (i.e., finger tapping) while rehearsing slide information. Before and after EMD or control intervention, heart rate and self-report data were obtained while Ss retrieved and visualized the aversive slide. No evidence was found to suggest that EMD inhibits emotional reactivity more than does finger tapping. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Aversive Stimulation Emotional Responding During Retrieval of Aversive Information Emotional Responses Eye Movements Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

98. Brennstuhl, M. J., & Tarquinio, C. (2012, June). Effects of an specific EMDR protocol for the treatment of chronic pain [Los efectos de un protocolo específico de EMDR para el tratamiento del dolor crónico]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment of chronic pain stays problematic. The complex part of cognitive, behavioral and emotional in chronic pain makes treatment complicated. Since few years, many authors have argued on a traumatic symptomatology, which is responsible of chronic pain (reactive symptom of PTSD) (Bioy & Fouques, 2002; Ferragut, 2007, 2010), or that chronic pain may induce a trauma (Burloux, 2004). This argumentation brought to us to envisage the EMDR therapy for the treatment of chronic pain. This research aims to test the effectiveness of treatment of chronic pain. We have elaborated a new protocol, which focuses on specificities on chronic pain problematic. This protocol focuses on pain and physical sensation. Inspiration on Mark Grant Protocol (Grant, 2009), R-‐Tep and Google research (Shapiro & Laub, 2009) isn’t unnoticed. Chronic pain can be approached like an elaborated trauma, because it’s always happening. So, as with recent event trauma, we can find the most difficult moment. It’s why we proposing a protocol based on focusing symptom: pain. Ten patients were treated with this new EMDR protocol, specific on chronic pain. After every session, and at the end of the treatment, the effects of this protocol on chronic pain and traumatic symptomatology were evaluated and show significant improvement. The objective is double: a significant improvement was made reducing chronic pain and associated symptoms (depression, anxiety...), and also use this protocol in a prevention move and stop chronicity of pain in the beginning.

El tratamiento del dolor crónico sigue siendo problemático. Los elementos cognitivos, conductuales y emocionales complejos dificultan su tratamiento. Desde hace algunos años, muchos autores han debatido sobre una sintomatología traumática que sería la responsable del dolor crónico (síntoma reactivo del TEPT) (Bioy & Fouques, 2002; Ferragut, 2007, 2010) o que el dolor crónico puede inducir trauma (Burloux, 2004). Esta controversia nos ha llevado a contemplar el empleo de EMDR para el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Esta investigación pretende comprobar la efectividad [de EMDR] del tratamiento del dolor crónico. Hemos elaborado un protocolo nuevo que se centra en las especificidades del dolor crónico problemático. Este protocolo se centra en el dolor y la sensación física. No pasa desapercibida la inspiración del protocolo de Mark Grant (Grant, 2009), R-‐Tep e investigación en Google (Shapiro & Laub, 2009). Se puede abordar el dolor crónico del mismo modo que el trauma elaborado, dado que es constante. Por lo tanto, al igual que un evento reciente, podemos identificar el momento más difícil. Por eso proponemos un protocolo que se basa en centrarnos en el síntoma: el dolor. Diez pacientes fueron tratados con este nuevo protocolo de EMDR, específico para el dolor crónico. Tras cada sesión y al finalizar el tratamiento, se evaluaron los efectos de este protocolo sobre el dolor crónico y la sintomatología traumática; los resultados han mostrado una mejoría significativa. El objetivo es doble: por un lado, lograr una mejora significativa y reducir el dolor crónico, así como los síntomas asociados (la depresión, ansiedad...), y por el otro lado, usar este protocolo como estrategia preventiva y poner fin a la cronificación del dolor desde un principio.

Keywords: Chronic Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

99. Konuk, E., Knipe, J., Eke, I., Yuksek, H., Yurtsever, A., & Ostep, S. (2006, August). The effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of the 1999 Maramara, Turkey, earthquake. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(3), 291-308. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.13.3.291.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As part of a program of response to the 1999 Marmara, Turkey, earthquake, an estimated 1,500 trauma victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were treated in tent cities with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). A field study evaluating a representative group of 41 participants with diagnosed PTSD indicated that a mean of five 90-minute sessions was sufficient to eliminate symptoms in 92.7% of those treated, with reduction in symptoms in the remaining participants. Significant reductions occurred between the pre and posttreatment PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report version (PSS-SR) total scores and all subscales. These gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The same pattern of recovery was observed regardless of the use or nonuse of psychotropic medication at the time of intake.

Keywords: Developing Countries Disaster Response Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Follow-up Study Field Study Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Recent Events Survivors Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

100. Lee, C. (2006, May). Efficacy and mechanisms of action of EMDR as a treatment for PTSD. Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The first aim of this thesis was to describe the characteristics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to elucidate its place as a symptom disorder that sometimes develops when people are exposed to a traumatic event. The current major theoretical approaches to account for why some people who are exposed to trauma develop PTSD and the mechanisms by which this occurs were described. Three classes of theories were reviewed: conditioning/learning approach; information processing theories with a particular focus on the meaning of the trauma event; and biological models with an emphasis on recent neurocircuitry and neurochemistry models. Successful treatment approaches were then reviewed which indicated two major contenders for the most efficacious treatment for PTSD: traditional cognitive behaviour therapies (CBT) using either stress inoculation or prolonged exposure; and eye movement desensitisation and processing (EMDR). Prior to the first study (Lee, Gavriel, Drummond, Richards, and Greenwald, 2002), a review of the literature indicated equivalent effects for EMDR and CBT. There had been very few direct comparison studies and each had serious methodological flaws, particularly with respect to random assignment and treatment fidelity. Therefore, the first study ensured adequate attention to these areas and involved a direct comparison between the two procedures using a sample of 24 participants diagnosed with PTSD. EMDR and stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure were found to lead to similar symptom improvement at the end of treatment, apart from a slight advantage for EMDR on intrusion symptoms. Both treatments led to significantly greater symptom reduction than a wait list control condition. At follow-up, EMDR led to greater gains on both self-report and observer rated measures of PTSD and self-report measures of depression. Overall, the findings were similar to those described in previously published studies, with a suggestion that EMDR was slightly more efficient than the standard CBT approach. Given that the evidence suggested that EMDR was a more efficient treatment, it became critical to understand the underlying processes. A process study was undertaken that examined the responses of people with PTSD receiving EMDR treatment (Lee, Taylor, and Drummond, 2006). Guided by process studies of other treatments and theories that might account for why EMDR is effective, participants' responses were examined to see which models better accounted for symptom improvement. The main analysis tested whether or not the responses were consistent with processes that occurred during traditional CBT treatment, which prior research had identified as reliving, or whether they were more consistent with Shapiro's proposal that enhanced information processing occurs because there is a dual focus of attention (that is, the person simultaneously focuses on an external stimulus and on the traumatic memory) (Shapiro, 1995). The responses made by 44 participants were coded by an independent rater according to whether they were primarily reliving, distancing, affect or material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement occurred when the participant processed in a more detached or distant manner, whereas reliving responses were not associated with improvement. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggested that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that co-varied with improvement. The findings underscored a difference in the processes that underlie EMDR and traditional CBT. The major question left unanswered from this second study was what causes this distancing process? Competing views were that it was facilitated by eye movement; alternatively, the therapist's instructions to participants might have precipitated this distancing phenomenon. The third study tested these ideas by randomly assigning 48 participants to either an eye movement or a no eye movement condition under two types of therapist instructions (reliving or distancing). Participants recalled personal distressing memories, and measures of distress and vividness were taken after treatment and at follow up. Only the eye movements made a significant difference to people's level of distress. This conclusion appeared at odds with some of the previous literature that had tested the effects of eye movement on levels of distress. A meta-analysis of some of this research had suggested that there was no significant advantage of including eye movement in EMDR treatment unless the person had been diagnosed with PTSD. However, a close examination of this meta-analysis indicated some major methodological flaws in the computation; therefore, this was recalculated. The conclusion from this fourth study was consistent with study three in that EMDR with eye movement was found to lead to significantly greater improvement that EMDR without eye movement. The results of these four studies were then discussed in terms of their implications for the theoretical models presented in Chapter 1. Aspects of learning theory that might account for EMDR efficiency were discussed as well as the failure of this model to account for treatment gains following EMDR. Information processing models were seen to better account for some of the phenomena observed in EMDR and for the findings from the four studies. Some suggestions of how eye movements might facilitate improved information processing were presented. Finally, the relative merits of EMDR and CBT treatments were discussed and suggestions made for when to combine approaches. The conclusions highlight the point that EMDR appears to be the most promising treatment for PTSD.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

101. Abbasnejad, M., Mahani, K. N., & Zamyad, A. (2007, Winter). Efficacy of "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" in reducing anxiety and unpleasant feelings due to earthquake experience. Psychological Research, 9(3-4), 104-117.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
“EMDR is effective in reducing earthquake anxiety and negative emotions (e.g. PTSD, grief, fear, intrusive thoughts, depression, etc) resulting from earthquake experience. Furthermore, results show that, improvement due to EMDR was maintained at a one month follow up.”

Keywords: Anxiety Earthquake Experience Empirical Study Eye Movements Follow-up Study Natural Disasters Quantitative Study Randomized Controlled Study Unpleasant Feelings

Accuracy Verified: Yes

102. Renfrey, G. (1993). The efficacy of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of trauma related imagery and cognitions: A partial dismantling procedure. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI. AAT 9412220.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study investigated the effects of eye movement desensitization (EMD) on post-traumatic sequelae, and attempted a partial dismantling of the procedure to determine the necessity of EMD's characteristic eye movements. 23 persons participated in three groups: (1) those receiving standard EMD, (2) those receiving a variant of EMD in which eye movements were engendered through a light tracking task, and (3) those receiving a variant of EMD in which fixed visual attention replaced eye movements. All participants had experienced traumata as defined by the DSM-III-R and were having intrusive symptoms of PTSD at pre-treatment. All but two met full DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD. Each received two to six treatment sessions.Dependent variables included heart rate changes, subjective units of distress ratings, validity of both initial and targeted trauma-related cognitions during trauma-related imagery, overall frequency and intensity scores on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, anxiety and depression T-scores on the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and scores on the Impact of Events Scale. Assessments were conducted at pre- and post-treatment and at a one- to three-month follow-up. All three interventions produced significant, positive changes in all dependant measures between pre- and post-treatments. Further, these changes were maintained at follow-up. No significant differences between groups were observed. These changes were of comparable magnitude to those reported elsewhere, but were brought about through a greater number of treatment sessions. It was concluded that EMD does bring about fairly rapid therapeutic changes in those post-traumatic sequelae measured, though not as efficiently as most previous reports have suggested. Further, it was concluded that the eye movements peculiar to EMD are not a necessary component of the procedure. The similarities and differences between the present findings and previous reports are discussed, as are the limitations and implications of the present study. Recommendations for future work are made. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Trial Partial Dismantling Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

103. Marx, C. (2007, Janvier). Éjaculation rapide: Une nouvelle piste thérapeutique avec l’eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) [Premature ejaculation: A new therapeutic with eye-movement and reprocessing Ddsensitizer (EMDR)]. Médecine Sexuelle, 1(1), 52-55.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cet article est le fruit d’une étude personnelle basée sur une technique psychothérapique nouvelle, l’Eye- Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), appliquée à la prise en charge de l’éjaculation précoce. Le protocole thérapeutique a comporté trois consultations d’une heure, à trois semaines d’intervalle environ, précédées d’une première consultation visant à expliquer la méthode et recevoir l’accord des patients. Parmi 11 cas traités, 8 ont vu s’améliorer leur sexualité (le critère d’amélioration était le passage à une durée de rapport intravaginal « acceptable » pour les deux partenaires, avec disparition de l’anticipation négative). Deux patients n’ont remarqué aucun changement. Le dernier a dû interrompre son traitement pour une raison non liée à celui-ci. Cette expérience pilote est encourageante, et encourage à poursuivre cette recherche sur un échantillon plus large de patients.

This is the report of a pilot study of Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a new psychotherapeutic method initially proposed as treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, in 11 men with Premature Ejaculation. After an initial visit aiming to explain the principles and modalities of this therapy, and to collect the patients’ consent, each man attended 3 therapeutic sessions of one hour duration at 3 weeks interval. Eight of the 11 patients reported an increase in the duration of vaginal penetration till a length acceptable for both partners, and a disappearance of their negative anticipation. These results are encouraging, and justify to continue this research on a larger sample of patients.

Keywords: Premature Ejaculation Sexotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

104. Dworkin, M. (2006, June). El cuestionario EMDR v.6 de autoconocimiento para clínicos [EMDR v.6 questionnaire for self-awareness for clinicians]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Para comprobar un conocimiento creciente de cómo los estados antiguos y dependientes de memoria pueden ser activados; para poder valorar que es lo que proviene del clínico y qué proviene del cliente; para desarrollar estrategias relacionales de EMDR. Muchos problemas pueden ocurrir en la fase 1 cuando el cliente aporta información que suscita un arousal negativo; o en la fase 2, cuando el cliente tiene dificultades en entender los elementos de preparación o desea avanzar procesando el trauma de forma prematura; o en la fase 3, cuando existe un problema que subyace a la pieza de valoración. Muchas veces la información del cliente puede que no despierte un arousal negativo hasta llegada la fase 4, cuando el cliente está procesando activamente. Muchas veces, nuestros desencadenantes provienen de nuestros recuerdos antiguos. Estos recuerdos pueden ser explicitados; y otras veces siguen implícitos (memoria somatosensorial). Observando estos momentos en uno mismo puede ayudarle en la continuidad de un proceso productivo.

To verify an increased awareness of how ancient states and dependent memory can be activated, in order to evaluate what they from the clinician and what comes from the client to develop relational strategies EMDR. Many problems can occur in phase 1 when the client brings information that raises a negative arousal, or in phase 2, when the client has difficulties understanding the items you want to advance preparation or processing the trauma prematurely, or in phase 3, when there is a problem underlying the piece of assessment. Many times the customer information may not appeal to a negative arousal to arrival phase 4, when the client is actively processing. Many times, our triggers memories from our past. These memories can be made explicit, and sometimes they are implicit (memory somatosensory). Looking at these moments can help yourself in continuity of the production process.

Keywords: Clinicians Questionnaire Self-Awareness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

105. Jarero, I. (2011). El desastre después del desastre: ¿Ya pasó lo peor? [Disaster after disaster: Is the worst over?]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicotraumatología y Disociación, 1(1), [10 pages] .

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Durante y después de un desastre, el trauma psicológico es una consecuencia de las multifacéticas situaciones que viven individuos y comunidades. El modelo que se presenta a continuación, nos da una visión general del amplio espectro de los devastadores efectos psicoemocionales y psicosociales que pueden provocar los desastres a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Es una síntesis elaborada por el autor, misma que se basa en su amplia experiencia de campo, en el modelo de Manejo de Estrés en Incidentes Críticos de la International Critical Incident Stress Foundation (ICISF) y en las guías de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).

During and after a disaster, psychological trauma is a consequence of living situations multifaceted individuals and communities. The model presented below, gives an overview of the broad spectrum of psycho-emotional and psychosocial devastating effects that can cause disasters in the short, medium and long term. It is a summary prepared by the author, it is based on his extensive field experience in the management model of Critical Incident Stress the International Critical Incident Stress Foundation (ICISF) and the guidelines of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and World Health Organization (WHO).

Keywords: Complex Trauma Disaster, Management of Critical Incident Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

106. Rosental, V. (2008, Diciembre 16). El método de EMDR: Un cambio de paradigma [The method of EMDR: A paradigm shift]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=454 om 1/4/2009.

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack. The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency. He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack. The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency. He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability Trabajo desde hace años en esta profesión, la psicología, una especialidad que puede ayudar a muchas personas que sufren, que estoy investigando y encontrando nuevas maneras de dar a los pacientes alternativas que conduzcan a un cambio real. En este viaje tuve la oportunidad de explorar el mundo un poco más emocionante de la mente humana a través de un enfoque integrado que cambió mi paradigma de la psicoterapia. Me refiero a EMDR, basado en el modelo de procesamiento de información, una poderosa herramienta para aliviar el sufrimiento de los pacientes que nos consultan a tiempo para mantener sus logros. reprocesamiento de adaptación se lleva a cabo a nivel neurofisiológico que permite a la salud mental.

Working for years in this profession, psychology, a specialty that can help many people suffering, I am researching and finding new ways to give patients alternatives that lead to real change. In this journey I had the opportunity to explore a bit more exciting world of the human mind through an integrated approach that changed my paradigm of psychotherapy. I refer to EMDR, based on the information processing model, a powerful tool to alleviate the suffering of patients who consult us in time sustaining their achievements. Adaptive reprocessing takes place at a neurophysiological level that enables mental health. The letters called EMDR that mean in English: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, which translates as desensitization and reprocessing eye movement. It is a method to work emotional difficulties caused by traumatic events such as war, natural disasters, accidents, assaults, duels unprocessed disturbing childhood experiences as well as phobias, somatic diseases and disorders, anxiety and disruptive behavior.

Keywords: Practice, Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

107. Schubbe, O. (2006). EMDR. Institut fur Traumatherapie.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Eine Ärztin gewinnt einen verlorenen Teil ihrer Biografie zurück; ein Mann kann nach einer Geiselnahme wieder Sicherheit erleben; eine Bäckersfrau drückt den stummen Schrecken über den KZ-Tod ihrer Großeltern zum ersten Mal mit Pinsel und Farbe aus. Solche Momente geben mir das Gefühl, von meinen Klienten ganz viel zurückzubekommen. Sie rücken die Perspektive zurecht und geben den Blick auf das Wesentliche frei. Seit ich EMDR einsetze, sind sie viel häufiger. Unter Fachleuten steht EMDR für "Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing", unter Klienten auch für "einmal musst du ran", in jedem Fall aber für eine psychotherapeutische Zusatzmethode zur geschützten Verarbeitung traumatischer Erfahrungen. EMDR besteht aus den acht Phasen nach Francine Shapiro. Die beiden ersten und letzten entsprechen dem in der Traumatherapie üblichen Vorgehen, während die Schritte drei bis sechs eine typische EMDR-Sitzung ausmachen. Am Anfang stehen wie üblich Anamnese und Behandlungsplanung (erste Phase). Nach den Leitlinien zur Behandlung posttraumatischer Störungen (Flatten u.a. 2001) gehört an den Anfang außerdem eine Phase der inneren und äußeren Stabilisierung (zweite Phase). Erst danach folgen die EMDR-Sitzungen im engeren Sinne, bestehend aus der Anfangseinschätzung der Symptomatik (dritte Phase), der zentralen (vierten) Phase der Neuverarbeitung, der Verankerung des erreichten Zustandes (fünfte Phase) und der Prüfung der Restbelastung auf Körperebene - kurz: Körpertest (sechste Phase). Wie in jeder traumatherapeutischen Arbeit wird bei EMDR besonderer Wert auf einen guten Abschluss der Sitzung gelegt (siebte Phase). Und ob die mit EMDR erreichte Veränderung stabil geblieben ist, wird zu Beginn der Folgesitzung überprüft (achte Phase). Es wird nun die Arbeit mit drei Klienten beschrieben, einer Augenärztin, einem Top-Manager und einer Bäckereiangestellten. Die unterschiedlichen Fälle illustrieren in verschiedenen Facetten, wie ich die Phasen von EMDR in therapeutisches Handeln umsetze. Namen und Details habe ich zum Schutz der Klienten geändert.

A doctor will recover a lost part of her biography, a man can experience after a hostage-taking back security, a baker's wife pressed the silent alarm at the concentration camp deaths of their grandparents for the first time with a brush and color. Such moments make me feel to get back from my clients very much. You adjust the perspective and give a view of the essentials. Since I use EMDR, they are much more common. Among experts EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, "among clients for" once you have ran, and in any case for a psychotherapeutic method for secure additional processing of traumatic experiences. EMDR consists of eight phases by Francine Shapiro. The two first and last correspond to the normal practice in trauma therapy, while accounting for three to six steps a typical EMDR session. In the beginning, as usual, are medical history and treatment plan (first phase). According to the guidelines for the treatment of post traumatic disorders (Flatten et al 2001) belongs also to the beginning of a phase of internal and external stability (second phase). Only after the EMDR sessions follow in the strict sense, consisting of the initial assessment of symptoms (third phase), the central (fourth) phase of the reprocessing, anchoring the achieved state (fifth phase) and the testing of residual stress on the body level - in short: Body Test (sixth phase). As in any trauma therapy work is placed in EMDR special importance to a successful conclusion of the meeting (seventh phase). And whether the change reached EMDR has remained stable, is checked at the beginning of the next meeting (sixth phase). It is now working with three clients described, an eye doctor, a top manager and a bakery employee. The different cases illustrate different facets of how I transpose the phases of EMDR in therapeutic action. I have changed names and details to protect the client.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

108. Holmshaw, M. (2008, June). EMDR & CBT work equally well for psychological trauma – Why?. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The use of EMDR, CBT or a combination of the two, in managing psychological ill health following road Traffic Accidents (RTA): The Results and analysis of 1100 consecutive referrals. This paper determines the role of trauma-focused psychological treatment in the management of psychological ill health following road traffic accidents in the UK. RTA’s are the biggest cause of PTSD in this country. All consecutively referred patients with possible psychological ill-health following a RTA were offered a comprehensive psychological assessment by an established provider of trauma services in the UK. Those with significant psychological ill health were offered trauma-focused psychological treatment, EMDR and/or CBT, in line with NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) guidelines. During the psychological assessment a clinical diagnosis was made and a number of psychometric scores were used. These comprised 1 DSM IV criteria for PTSD and illness severity, 2 General Health Questionnaire, 3 Impact of Event Scale, 4 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Similar subjective and objective measurements were made after every fourth session of therapy and on discharge. The results offer a breakdown of diagnoses, the number of patients who proceeded to treatment and the type of treatment and outcome of such treatment. Of the 658 patients who proceeded to Trauma-focused psychological treatment, patients had either EMDR by itself (31%), CBT by itself (36%) or a Combination of EMDR and CBT (33%). Subjectively and objectively three out of four patients were completely relieved of their symptoms or were much better. There was no significant difference between CBT and EMDR in terms of treatment results. Closer analysis of the three subgroups revealed a number of variables which seemed to be associated with failure of EMDR treatment and failure of CBT treatment. These variables will be discussed against the background of the trauma focused CBT model of Clarke, D and Ehlers A, 2002. Recommendations will be made of ways to improve the outcome of EMDR Therapy and improving EMDR training.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

109. Millar, P. (2010, March). EMDR & psychosis. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Psychotic phenomena are one of the most challenging clinical presentations to treat, the most severe form being schizophrenia and poor outcome schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia is a severe enduring mental illness (SMI) and is characterised by core disturbances of thinking, perceptions and the emotions. It is accepted as having a heavy burden, with significant effects on the patient, their families and carers and it is one of the most costly illnesses worldwide. The weight of burden falls with regard to legal problems, stigma and life expectancy: life expectancy in this group of individuals is reduced by 10 years, mostly as a consequence of suicide (Rossler, Salize et al. 2005). Despite more than 100 years of experience of the disease it is still only a minority of individuals who make a full recovery. This workshop aims to give further insight into the role of EMDR in the treatment of schizophrenia - as defined by the genetic epidemiological work by Professor K Kendler (Kendler, Spitzer et al. 1989; Kendler, McGuire et al. 1993; Kendler, Maguire et al. 1993). It follows up a series of three patients with psychosis treated with EMDR one of whom met strict criteria for schizophrenia. All 3 are now over 2 years post-EMDR. Of specific note the man who presented with schizophrenia remains free of medication and symptoms. The workshop will discuss the role of EMDR in the treatment of psychosis, including schizophrenia and discuss case selection and protocol development in this area of practice.

Keywords: Psychosis Schizoaffective Disorder Schizophrenia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

110. Ersen, M., & Cumartesi, H. (2009, Aralık). EMDR İle kronik başağrılarına son [EMDR with chronic headaches]. Aktüel Psikoloji.

Language: Turkish

Format: Other

Abstract:
EMDR, savaş stresi, taciz, doğal afetler veya çocukluk döneminde yaşanan üzücü olaylar gibi rahatsız edici deneyimlerin neden olduğu duygusal sorunlarda kullanılan psikolojik bir yöntem. Ayrıca fobi, performans kaygısı, panik bozukluk, yas, kronik ağrı ve başka sorunların tedavisinde de uygulanıyor. Davranış Bilimleri Entitüsü uzmanları, yöntemi kullandıkları kişilerin migren ve kronik baş ağrılarının azaldığını tespit edince migren hastalarıyla bir çalışma başlattı. Gaziosmanpaşa Hastanesi’nden en şiddetli migren hastalarını kendilerine yönlendirmelerini istediler. 10 hastaya EMDR uyguladılar. Hastalarda atak şiddeti, sıklığı, süresi ve alınan ilaçlarda ciddi düşüşler oldu.

EMDR, war stress, harassment, or natural disasters experienced in childhood, such as the irritating experience distressing events caused by psychological methods used in emotional problems. In addition, phobias, performance anxiety, panic disorder, age, in the treatment of chronic pain and other problems are being implemented. Behavioral Sciences Entitüsü experts, the method they use people and chronic migraine headaches migraine patients reduced their study found that when launched. The most severe migraine patients themselves Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital referrals wanted. 10 hastaya EMDR uyguladılar. EMDR applied to 10 patients. Attacks in patients with severity, frequency, duration and had taken drugs for serious decline.

Keywords: Emre Konuk Headaches Migraines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

111. Smith, S. F. (2000). EMDR - En kontroversiel behandling - [EMDR - A controversial treatment]. Psykolog Nyt, 14.

Language: Danish

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Baggrund: Den 30.09.1994 fløj jeg til Amsterdam. Formålet med rejsen var at deltage i en workshop, hvor jeg skulle lære en ny behandlingsmetode til brug for klienter, der lider af Post Traumatisk Stress Syndrom (PTSD). Min interesse for dette klientel var vakt, da jeg i 1993 var blevet tilknyttet Falcks Redningskorps Psykolognetværk. Samme år deltog jeg i et seminar som Falck arrangerede. Underviseren var den karismatiske norske psykolog, Atle Dyregrov (AD). Han omtalte den amerikanske psykolog, Francine Shapiro (FS), og den særlige behandling hun havde udviklet og som hun benævnte EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitiazion and Reprocessing). AD redegjorde for, at man endnu savnede fuldgyldig videnskabelig dokumentation for behandlingens effektivitet, men at der allerede forelå så mange indikationer på behandlingens effekt, at man kunne regne med, at det kun var et spørgsmål om tid, før en sikker dokumentation var i hus.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

112. Wejdsten, G. (2007, October). EMDR - Metoden [EMDR - method]. Goteborgs Universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, Sweden.

Language: Swedish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Den här uppsatsen handlar om EMDR- metoden. En psykoterapeutisk metod som syftar till att bearbeta minnen från traumatiska händelser och mildra de psykologiska konsekvenserna. Francine Shapiro utvecklade denna metod 1989 för behandling av trauma. Det påstås att 84- 100 % av dem som behandlas mot Post traumatisk stress syndrom med denna metod blir fria från symptom på endast 1-3 behandlingar. Shapiro påstår att metoden är effektivare än någon annan terapeutisk behandlingsmetod. Huvudsyftet med att välja att skriva om detta, var att införskaffa kunskap om EMDR- metoden i sin helhet. Om dess uppkomst och utveckling. Vem den tillämpas på samt hur den tillämpas och mål med metoden. Jag ville veta vad forskningen säger om metoden. Uppsatsen är främst en litteraturstudie. EMDR- metoden behandlas främst i kapitel 3. Nyckelord behandlas under stycket definitioner. I Teori- delen jämför jag EMDR- metoden med; Kognitiv terapi, Kognitiv beteende terapi och Psykodynamisk terapi. Jag gör det för att jag funnit likheter och skillnader dem emellan. Jag skriver också lite om studier och forskning om metoden. Jag har lärt mig och redovisar metodens uppkomst, utveckling, mål. Hur den tillämpas och på vad. EMDR har viss effekt i behandlingen av PTSD och detta är styrkt vetenskapligt. Det är inte styrkt vetenskapligt att EMDR skulle vara effektivare än andra psykoterapeutiska metoder. Många utövare har positiv upplevelse av EMDR- utbildning och utövande. De flesta anser det är av stor vikt att man har terapi erfarenhet som exempelvis psykolog innan man utövar EMDR- metoden. Detta är också ett krav om man vill gå utbildningen. Det är ej vetenskapligt klarlagt vilken del i behandlingen som är verksam. Det är inte bevisat vad ögonrörelserna eller alternativa stimuleringar har för effekt. EMDR sammanfogar komponenter från flera psykologiska inriktningar. PTSD är den huvudsakliga målgruppen. Man behandlar både barn och vuxna. Det saknas hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar av EMDR- metoden och mer forskning behövs om metoden. Främst för att kunna bevisa effektiviteten på andra symptom än PTSD, kostnadseffektiviteten och för att se om effekten av minskade symptom kvarstår på sikt, en lång tid efter behandlingen. En socionom får gå en EMDR- utbildning om man först läser till psykoterapeut.[Science Direct]

This essay is about EMDR method. A psychotherapeutic approach designed to process the memories of traumatic events and mitigate the psychological consequences. Francine Shapiro developed this method in 1989 for the treatment of trauma. It is claimed that 84 - 100% of those under treatment for post traumatic stress syndrome with this method is free of symptoms of only 1-3 treatments. Shapiro claims that the method is more effective than any other therapeutic treatment. The main purpose of choosing to write about this, was to acquire knowledge of the EMDR method as a whole. If its origin and development. Who it applies to and how it is applied and the objectives of the method. I wanted to know what research says about the method. The essay is primarily a literature review. EMDR method is mainly addressed in Chapter 3. Keywords treated under paragraph definitions. In theory, part I compare EMDR method, Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy. I do it because I found the similarities and differences between them. I also write a bit of study and research methodology. I have learned and identify ways the origin, development, goals. How it is applied and on what. EMDR has some effect in the treatment of PTSD and this is proven scientifically. It is not proved scientifically that EMDR is more effective than other psychotherapeutic methods. Many practitioners have positive experience of EMDR training and exercise. Most believe it is essential that you have other therapies, such as a psychologist before practicing EMDR method. This is also a requirement if you want to attend the program. It is not scientifically clear what part of the treatment that works. It is not proven what the eye movements or alternative stimuli has for effect. EMDR merges components from several psychological approaches. PTSD is the main target group. It treats both children and adults. The lack of health economic evaluations of EMDR method and more research is needed on the method. Mainly in order to prove the effectiveness of other symptoms than PTSD, cost effectiveness and to see if the effect of decreased symptoms persist over time, a long time after treatment. A social worker may go one EMDR training on first reading to the psychotherapist. [Science Direct]

Keywords: Behavioral Theory CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Cognitive Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

113. Titze, M. (1997). EMDR - Unterstützte thematisierung bei psychodynamisch fundierten fokaltherapien [EMDR - Supported theming in-depth psychodynamic focal therapy]. In C. T. Eschenröder: EMDR. Eine neue Methode zur Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen (pp. 179-188). Tübingen: DGVT-Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Lange Zeit galt eine im Sinne der psychoanalytischen Standardmethode durchgeführte Langzeittherapie als qualitativ besonders hochstehend. Dabei ließ sich argumentieren, dass die entscheidenden Eckpfeiler des analytischen Prozesses (Erinnern, Wiederholen, Durcharbeiten) einer zeitaufwendigen Methodik (freie Assoziation, "gleichschwebende Aufmerksamkeit" und regressionsfördernde Zurückhaltung / Schweigen des Analytikers, Übertragungs- und Widerstandsdeutungen usw.) bedürfen (vgl. Thomä & Kächele, 1989). Eine unbestreitbare methodische Schwäche dieser Vorgehensweise resultiert allerdings aus dem Verzicht auf eine aktive Strukturierung durch den Analytiker. Dies kann dazu führen, dass sich manche Klienten in der realen therapeutischen Beziehung allein gelassen bzw. nicht ernst genommen fühlen. Eine nicht selten mehrjährige Behandlungsdauer kann zudem eine Unzufriedenheit hervorrufen, die dann zu realen Widerstandstendenzen auf Seiten des Klienten führen wird, wenn ein spürbarer Behandlungserfolg ausblieb (vgl. dazu Eschenröder, 1986, Kap. 11). Doch es sind nicht allein solche Einwände, die zu einer Relativierung der Bedeutung von analytischen Langzeittherapien geführt haben. Es waren auch reale ökonomische Gegebenheiten, die diese Bedeutung in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in Frage gestellt haben. Nachdem nämlich, zunächst in den Vereinigten Staaten, die Versicherungen dazu übergegangen sind, nur eine stark begrenzte Anzahl psychothe-rapeutischer Leistungen zu erstatten, kam es auch im Bereich der Tiefenpsychologie zu einer verstärkten Hinwendung gegenüber kurzzeittherapeutischen Verfahren (vgl. Goleman, 1981).

Long considered a standard in the sense of the psychoanalytic method carried out as long-term therapy of particularly high standing. It could be argued that the crucial cornerstone of the analytical process (remembering, repeating, working through) a time-consuming method require (free association, evenly suspended attention "and regression-promoting restraint / silence of the analyst, transference and resistance interpretations, etc.) (see Thoma & Kächele, 1989). One undoubted methodological weakness of this approach, however, results from the absence of an active structure by the analyst. This can cause that some clients feel in the real therapeutic relationship alone and not taken seriously. An often multi-year duration of treatment may also cause discontent that will lead to real resistance tendencies on the part of the client when a substantial treatment effect failed to (cf. Eschenröder, 1986, Chapter 11). But it is not only an objection that led to a relativization of the importance of long-term analytic therapies. There were also real economic conditions that have made this meaning in recent years increasingly in question. After that is to report first in the United States, the insurance companies have started, only a very limited number of psychotherapy therapeutic services were also provided in the field of depth psychology (1981 cf. Goleman,) to an increased turn over short-therapeutic procedures.

Keywords: Focal Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

114. Veerbeek, V. (2010, April). EMDR als onderdeel forensische behandeling van ernstig gewelddadig gedrag: Vreemde eend in de bijt? [EMDR as part forensic examination of serious violent behavior: Odd man out?]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Op ernstig geweld, zeker met fatale afloop, wordt door de maatschappij doorgaans geschokt gereageerd en is het resultaat van berechting vooral “leedtoevoeging” in de vorm van lange gevangenisstraffen. De behandeling in de gevangenis of op een forensische polikliniek staat overwegend in het teken van het nemen van verantwoording voor het gewelddadig gedrag en het aanleren van agressieregulatievaardigheden. Wanneer de cliënt zich als slachtoffer opstelt, roept dit bij de therapeut irritatie op; de cliënt merkt dit, neemt nog meer afstand van de therapeut, hetgeen vervolgens weer machteloosheid, veroordeling en boosheid oproept bij de therapeut. De cliënt als slachtoffer is taboe. In dat licht wordt door collega’s weleens met de nodige scepsis aangekeken tegen EMDR-behandeling van cliënten met ernstig gewelddadig gedrag. In deze workshop komen allereerst de vooroordelen van de therapeut zelf tegen de cliënt en de vooroordelen van de collega’s tegen traumaverwerking bij ernstig gewelddadige cliënten aan bod. Deze vooroordelen staan goede diagnostiek en een goede therapeutische relatie in de weg. Gepropageerd wordt om “neutraal” en grondig onderzoek te doen, net als bij een vliegtuigcrash. Aan de hand van casuïstiek komen enkele sleutelvragen aan bod, die in het zoekproces en de casusconceptualisatie van groot belang zijn. Wanneer onverwerkte ervaringen vanuit het verleden een rol spelen bij (de mate van) agressie, zullen deze ervaringen middels EMDR bewerkt dienen te worden. Hoe groter de vroeger ervaren machteloosheid en vernedering, hoe groter de kans dat de huidig ervaren agressieve lading niet zal verminderen met uitsluitend agressieregulatietherapie. Geïllustreerd wordt hoe EMDR, al of niet met recripting als CI, daarnaast een rol kan spelen bij actuele wraak-drang en wraakgedachten. Videomateriaal wordt ter illustratie gebruikt. Stil wordt gestaan bij de waarde van het inoefenen van de veilige plek en hoe agitatie in en buiten de therapiezitting hierdoor snel kan verminderen. Tot slot zal worden ingegaan op het experimenteel gebruik van EMDR als hulpmiddel bij delictanalyse – en delictverwerking, onder meer bij een cliënt die zijn kind ombracht. Bij huiselijk geweld is meer dan eens sprake van een lange opmaat tot het delict, waarbij een opstapeling van door de cliënt als vernedering ervaren incidenten (waarbij al of niet vroegere ervaringen worden getriggerd) kan leiden tot excessief en soms fataal geweld. Het middels EMDR “linksom” bewerken van deze “opmaat”-ervaringen, gevolgd door het middels EMDR doorwerken van het delict zelf, kunnen leiden tot het werkelijk voelen en nemen van de eigen verantwoordelijkheid, bieden een heldere inkijk in de emotionele dynamiek van de cliënt ten tijde van het plegen van het delict en bieden derhalve belangrijke aangrijpingspunten voor een gedetailleerd terugvalpreventieplan.

On serious violence, especially fatal, is usually shocked by the company responded and is mainly the result of trial "added suffering" in the form of long prison sentences. The treatment in prison or a forensic clinic is mainly devoted to taking responsibility for violent behavior and learning of aggression control skills. If the client is a victim accounts, the therapist calls this irritation, the client notes it, takes more from the therapist, which in turn helplessness, anger and condemnation by calling the therapist. The client as a victim is taboo. In that light by colleagues ever looked with skepticism at EMDR treatment of clients with serious violent behavior. In this workshop, first, the prejudices of the therapist himself against the client and the prejudices of colleagues from trauma in severely violent clients addressed. These prejudices are good diagnosis and a good therapeutic relationship in the road. Propagated to "neutral" and thorough research, as in a plane crash. Using case studies reveal some key questions addressed, in the search process and casusconceptualisatie of great importance. When unprocessed experiences from the past play a role (level of) aggression, these experiences need to be modified through EMDR. The greater the past experience powerlessness and humiliation, the more likely that the current load experienced aggressive not only will reduce aggression regulation therapy. Illustrated how EMDR, with or without recripting as CI, also play a role in current-craving revenge and revenge. Video material will be used for illustration. Silence is paid to the value of practicing safe and how the agitation inside and outside the therapy session this rapid decrease. Finally, consider the experimental use of EMDR as a tool for crime analysis - and crime scene processing, including in a client that his child killed. In domestic violence more than once been a long prelude to the offense, with an accumulation of humiliation experienced by the client as incidents (with or without previous experience are triggered) can lead to excessive and sometimes lethal force. It means EMDR "left" edit this "overture" experience, followed by using EMDR to work on the crime itself, can lead to really feel and take personal responsibility, provide a clear insight into the emotional dynamics of the client at the time of committing the offense and therefore provide important leads for a detailed relapse prevention plan.

Keywords: Forensic Examination Violent Behavior

Accuracy Verified: Yes

115. Burdett, C. (2011, October). EMDR and British/Irish law. Presentation at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
f a witness asks for therapy during the course of prosecution  You must inform the prosecutor and police of the request.  You must discuss the nature of the therapy with the prosecutor so decisions may be made on how to proceed.  The prosecutor may object to the use of EMDR to process memories that are part of the evidence.  The prosecutor may have no objection to the use of EMDR in developing soothing and safety techniques nor to its use to reduce anxiety when the witness is in court.  Therapy must not take place before the police have undertaken a recorded interview.  if new allegations arise in therapy, treatment must stop so that the witness can make a further statement to the police. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Britain Ireland Law

Accuracy Verified: Yes

116. Schneider, J., Hofmann, A., Rost, C., & Shapiro, F. (2007). EMDR and phantom limb pain: Theoretical implications, case study, and treatment guidelines. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 31-45. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.31.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article reviews the literature on EMDR treatment of somatic complaints and describes the application of Shapiro's Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model in the treatment of phantom limb pain. The case study explores the use of EMDR with a 38-year-old man experiencing severe phantom limb pain 3 years after the loss of his leg and part of his pelvis in an accident. Despite treatment at several rehabilitation and pain centers during the 3 years, and the use of opiate medication, he continued to experience persistent pain. After 9 EMDR treatment sessions, the patient's phantom limb pain was completely ablated, and he was taken off medication. Effects were maintained at 18-month follow-up. The clinical implications of this application of EMDR are explored. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Adults AIP Amputation Case Report Depressive Disorders Males Motor Traffic Accidents Pain Phantom Limb Physical Pain Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

117. Gaudiano, B. A. (2002, Fall/Winter). EMDR and the media - Is change in the wind?. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 1(2), 201-203.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Comments on the article "The finger-wagging cure. Saturday Night," (2001) by C. Milstone. The article began with the presentation of the harrowing story of a coal miner who developed symptoms of posttraumatic stress after being badly injured and nearly killed in a construction equipment accident. The man reported dramatic positive changes after only a few sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and testifies that the treatment "released the pain" of the trauma. This is usually the point at which many previous articles on EMDR would have presented one or two token skeptics and provided additional anecdotal evidence to counter any of the criticisms. However, Milstone's article did not follow this common formula. Instead, she chose to delve more deeply into the claims of EMDR proponents to contrast these claims with the research evidence. The article will likely be criticized by many EMDR proponents. Nevertheless, this article appears to be representative of a subtle shift hi the media coverage of EMDR that has been evident in recent years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

118. Artigas, L., Jarero, I., Mauer, M., Cano, T. L., & Alcala, N. (2000, September). EMDR and traumatic stress after natural disasters: Integrative treatment protocol and the butterfly hug. Poster presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Toronto, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Butterfly Hug

Accuracy Verified: Yes

119. Artigas, L. A., Jarero, I., Mauer M., Lopez Cano, T., & Alcala, N. (2000, September). EMDR and traumatic stress after natural disasters: Integrative treatment protocol and the butterfly hug. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Butterfly Hug Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

120. Hase, M. H. (2006, September). EMDR applied to reprocess the addiction memory in alcohol addicted in-patients – Outcome and follow-up data of a clinical study. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Substance abuse and its sequels often mean intense suffering for the individual and huge costs for society. Established treatment modalities, as good as they are, lack effectiveness. Comorbid PTST with substance abusers is more the rule, than the exception. So the integration of traumatherapy, especially EMDR, into addiciton therapy seems necessary. Recent research in the field of neuroscience has shown that most experience is automatically processed on subcortical levels, i.e., by "unconscious" interpretations that are made outside of conscious awareness. Insight and understanding have only a limited influence on the operation of these subcortical processes. The concept of an addiction memory is helpful. It can be understood as a form maladaptive memory and EMDR could be the tool for resolution. Targeting the addiction memory and reprocessing should lead to a reduction in craving. Date of a study on alcohol addicted inpatient support the hypothesis. Data shown include outcome and follow-up data. Reprocessing of the addiction memory could lead to EMDR protocol beyond the EMDR Chemical Dependency Treatment Manual. Participants will be able to understand the concept of the addiction memory and its implications for therapy. They will be able to identify targets for EMDR. Video of treatment sessions illustrate common principles and differences.

Keywords: Addiction Memory Substance Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

121. Fernandez, I. (2007). EMDR as a treatment of post-traumatic reactions: A field study on child victims of an earthquake. Educational and Child Psychology, 24(1), 65-72.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This field study explores the effectiveness of EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) for the post-traumatic reactions of child victims in the post-emergency context of an earthquake that occurred in 2002 in Molise, a region of Central Italy. EMDR was chosen as the treatment for the children of the San Giuliano Primary School in Molise. Twenty-two of the children who experienced the traumatic event, being suddenly buried under the debris of their collapsed school and in contact with the bodies of their dead classmates for hours, received three cycles of EMDR treatment over one year, with a total average of 6.5 sessions of EMDR each. The results show that EMDR contributed to the reduction or remission of PTSD symptoms and facilitated the processing of the traumatic experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Child Victims Elementary Schools Emotional Trauma Field Study Natural Disasters Post-Emergency Context Molise Earthquake Post-Traumatic Reactions PTSD PTSD Symptoms Remission Traumatic Experiences

Accuracy Verified: Yes

122. Lackie, B. (2004). EMDR as an early itervention in trauma and disaster mental health. Presentation at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, HI.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Summarizes a presentation discussing EMDR as an early intervention in trauma and disaster mental health. EMDR is one of the more effective preventative approaches to the effects of disaster and trauma which has emerged over the past ten years. This part of the presentation will review the research findings for effectiveness of this particular approach to reducing the risks of future PTSD, comparing and contrasting it to the alternative approaches presented by the panel. Please see the attached author submitted abstract for more detailed informatoin on EMDR.

Keywords: Disasters Intervention Mental Health Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention Risk Factors Trauma Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation

Accuracy Verified: No

123. Fernandez, I., Baldassarre, G., & Dutton, P. (2003, May). EMDR as an early treatment with survivors of mass catastrophes. In Treatment of survivors of mass disasters. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Mass Disasters Recent Events Survivors Symposium Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

124. Fernandez, I. (2008, June). EMDR as an elective treatment with children survivors of mass disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper describes the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked). EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment with the population and was the elective treatment for the children of elementary schools which were the most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one month, three months and a year from the critical event. Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and sibling. Psychological support and EMDR treatment were provided to parents and school personnel and this aspect has been considered in the last interventions fundamental to enhance treatment results in children. Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess post-traumatic symptomatology before and after treatment will be shown, along with follow up data. Treatment group show a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Statistical analysis of results will be discussed. The author will highlight clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent trauma of great magnitude. The post-traumatic stress reactions of this group in developmental age will be discussed. EMDR treatment for parents and other adults involved in the disaster has proved to be critical when dealing with children’s symptomatology. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions coming from our field studies will be presented.

Keywords: Children Elective Treatment Mass Disasters Recent Events Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

125. Rougemont-Bucking, A. (2010, June). EMDR based treatment of psychotraumatic antecedents in illicit drug abusers: A report of two cases. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Background: EMDR has been recognized to be an efficacious treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Other, more recent indications comprise anxiety disorders and substance use disorders (SUD). With regard to SUD, the application of EMDR iS very challenging as patients frequently suffer from many comorbidities. Another concern is the fact that the dissociative experiencing during EMDR-sessions can potentially weaken the patients' coping strategies and provoke relapse through activation of intense drug craving. General procedure. Sessions were proposed once a week. Specific techniques like 'Safe Place', the technique of absorption, heart coherence training and ClPOS were applied prior to proposition of the standard EMDR-protocol. Drug consumption and craving was regularly monitored by means of the patents' self-reports and drug craving scores. The therapist was regularly supervised on the basis of video recordings. Patient 1: A 49 year old man being diagnosed for PTSD and dependency of opiates and benzodiazepines asked to benefit form EMDR with regard to his PTSD symptoms. Patient was abstinent from heroine consumption but consumed midazolam 3 times per week when entering the therapy. Initial evaluation showed an Impact of Event Scale (IES) score of 60, a Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) score of 39.6 and a midazolam craving score of 14. Patient 2 :A 37 old man was diagnosed for borderline personality disorder and for dependency of opiates. Heroine consumption occurred 1 to 3 times per month when starting the therapy EMDR based therapy was proposed as he complained about pertinacious insomnia due to trauma-like events during his childhood. Initial evaluation showed a DES score of 7.8 and a heroine craving score of 17. Global impression: EMDR based treatment of severely affected SUD patients appears to be a difficult and challenging endeavor However, some beneficial effects on general comfort and on drug consumption can be observed. A long stabilisation phase seems to be mandatory and the standard EMDR protocol needs to be conducted with much flexibility as patients were not able to handle intensive emotional stress for a long time period. There was no provocation of a prolonged psychological crisis or of relapse. Experiencing of emotional stress could be limited to the sessions and dissociation could be absorbed with specific techniques without increasing permanently drug craving. Learning objectives: 1. EMDR-based treatment is feasible in severely affected drug abusers 2. Extensive stabilisation of the patient using flexible adaptation of EMDR-related techniques is mandatory 3. Dissociation occurring during treatment has to be addressed carefully as it can easily bridge into drug craving and relapse What is unique: EMDR-based treatment may be a suitable way to treat patients who are still abusing drugs as these interventions focus on maladaptive associations that arise from both trauma and substance related cues.

Keywords: Drug Abusers Heroine Psychotraumatic Antecedents

Accuracy Verified: Yes

126. Mitchell, R. (2009, May). The EMDR basic protocol: A review and update. Keynote presented at the 2nd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop, Leeds, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The eight-phase protocol is the bedrock of EMDR, however, the way it is taught has evolved over the years. We will review how EMDR is currently taught and highlight some of the common mistakes and misunderstandings made by clinicians. Attendance at the workshop will therefore make certain that all delegates can proceed to the other workshops during the day, 'armed' with the latest information.

Keywords: Basic Protocol Keynote Review Standard Protocol Update

Accuracy Verified: Yes

127. ter Heide, J. J. (2011, August). EMDR bij getraumatiseerde vluchtelingen [EMDR with traumatized refugees]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 180-185. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0036-2.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
While EMDR is treatment of choice for traumatized adults with PTSS, its efficacy has not been validated with traumatized refugees. As long as no evidence is available for EMDR with this population, EMDR with refugees should be informed by theoretical approaches to treatment of PTSS in adults. Four approaches are discussed: the phased approach that advocates stabilization before EMDR; the multimodal approach that advocates combining EMDR with other interventions; the trauma-focused approach that advocates offering EMDR to all adults with PTSS, including refugees and, the transcultural approach that advocates a culturally sensitive administration of EMDR. Several pilot studies on EMDR with traumatized refugees, randomized controlled trials of EMDR with multiply traumatized populations, and a trial of EMDR in a non-western setting may further inform EMDR-therapists working with traumatized refugees. Suggestions are made for combining the four approaches and scientific evidence in treatment planning and execution of EMDR with this population. The EMDR protocol itself prescribes several interventions for treating multiply traumatized patients, such as resource development and installation, clustering of traumatic experiences, and cognitive interweaves. Additionally, culturally sensitive interventions may enable the refugee to actively partake in the treatment process by increasing motivation for trauma processing, by diminishing language barriers, and by facilitating the formulation of culturally congruent meanings to trauma. The question remains whether EMDR, which offers an individualistic approach to trauma, is sufficiently suited to address the collective traumatization of victims of war and organized violence.

Keywords: Refugees Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

128. Shapiro, F. (2007, November). EMDR clinical parameters and research findings: “What’s new and useful”. Master clinician series at the 23rd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress, Baltimore MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Numerous controlled studies have indicated that EMDR´s effects on PTSD symptoms are comparable to those of trauma-focused CBT. However, EMDR does not require homework, sustained arousal, detailed verbalization of the index trauma, or prolonged exposure to the event. In this invited presentation, videotapes of an incest survivor and a disaster victim will demonstrate the EMDR treatment, and the de-arousal effects of the eye movements, which have been documented in numerous controlled laboratory studies. In addition, the clinical procedures of an EMDR group-protocol used subsequent to disasters and terrorist attacks will be illustrated. The presentation will review research findings, with long-term follow up, indicating that the resolution of etiological events can result in the successful treatment of conditions that have often been considered intractable. A recent study will be used to explore the clinical parameters of the EMDR treatment of child molesters, which has resulted in the sustained reduction of deviant arousal. Likewise, representative case examples from studies documenting the elimination/ reduction of phantom limb pain subsequent to EMDR processing will be presented to explore both the clinical and theoretical implications.

Keywords: De-arousal Effects of Eye Movement Group Protocol Master Series

Accuracy Verified: Yes

129. Sterpone, R., & Paiuzzi, E. (2008, Novembre). EMDR come momento di ulteriore integrazione professionale tra differenti operatori di cura di un ospedale infantile [EMDR as a moment of further integration between vocational different operators care children's hospital]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
La presentazione si propone di “raccontare” come l’EMDR sia diventata, in un ospedale infantile, strumento di ulteriore integrazione professionale tra i differenti operatori di cura. L’EMDR viene utilizzata, infatti, non solo con bambini e adolescenti che giungono nella Struttura Operativa di Psicologia, ma viene richiesta dai medici dei vari reparti per i pazienti, ed eventualmente per i loro familiari, ricoverati in seguito ad esposizione ad eventi critici. L’intervento con EMDR viene, inoltre, effettuato con alcuni genitori i cui figli sono ricoverati in merito a malattie gravi o croniche. Gli stessi operatori di cura, in seguito ad eventi potenzialmente traumatici in ambito lavorativo, vengono aiutati con gruppi di debriefing, e, se necessario, con l’EMDR per riprocessare situazioni dolorose, ritrovare benessere e funzionalità lavorativa. Operatori di cura differenti, sistemi conoscitivi$differenti, ma insieme… insieme per cocostruire con il paziente e la sua famiglia una nuova narrativa ed aiutarli ad attribuire nuovi significati ad esperienze dolorose o fallimentari.

The presentation aims to "tell" how EMDR has become, in a children's hospital, tool for further integration between the different operators of professional care. EMDR is used, in fact, not only with children and adolescents who come in the Structure Works on psychology, but is required by doctors of various departments for patients, and possibly for their families, hospitalized after exposure to critical events. Intervention with EMDR is also made with some parents whose children are hospitalized on serious or chronic illnesses. Operators themselves to care, in the aftermath of potentially traumatic in employment, are helped with groups of debriefing, and, if necessary, with EMDR for reprocess painful situations, to find wellness and functionality work. Operators care ifferent cognitive systems different, but together ... together with the patient and cocostruire its family a new narrative and help to give new meaning to experiences painful or unsuccessful.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

130. Greenwald, R. (1998, September). EMDR cures kidney stones?: A case report. EMDRIA Newsletter, 3(3), 32.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
When I was teaching EMDR to a small group of professionals last year, I had occasion to demonstrate various portions of EMDR treatment of a medical problem during Day 3 of the course (roughly equivalent to the first half of Level II). The participant was a middle-aged man who had suffered for months with complications related to kidney stones which he failed to eliminate from his system, leading to installation of a shunt and entailing frequent infection. He was barely able to attend class, felt constantly exhausted and ill, and lived on liquids and medications.

Keywords: Case Report

Accuracy Verified: Yes

131. Quinn, G. (2011, June). EMDR emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s: EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Learning objectives: Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.

Keywords: Acute Trauma Emergency Treatment Man-Made Disasters Natural Disaasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

132. Sales, S. H. D. (2011). EMDR en de effectiviteit van tappen versus tappen en klikjes, Een onderzoek naar de efficiëntie van EMDR met betrekking tot de werkgeheugenhypothese [EMDR effectiveness in tapping vs. taps and clicks, a study of the effectiveness of EMDR in relation to the working hypothesis]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Recente onderzoeken naar Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) doen een rol van het werkgeheugen vermoeden. Met betrekking tot het effect van de bilaterale stimulatie bij EMDR-therapie, is echter nog weinig onderzoek gedaan naar het effect van tappen op het terug dringen van emotionele lading en levendigheid bij negatieve herinneringen. In het huidige onderzoek zijn deze twee aspecten onderzocht. Gebruik is gemaakt van drie condities respectievelijk (1) controle; (2) tappen en (3) tappen+klikjes. Verwacht werd dat een effect zou bestaan voor de conditie 2 en 3. Ook werk verwacht dat dit effect voor conditie 3 sterker zou zijn dan voor conditie 2. Aan het onderzoek hebben 36 vrijwillige gezonde studenten van de Universiteit Utrecht deel genomen, (24 vrouwen en 12 mannen). Gebleken is een effect in conditie 2 op zowel emotionele lading als levendigheid. Dit effect was sterker voor conditie 3. Exploratief is gekeken naar het effect voor geslacht, gebleken is dat er geen verschil is tussen mannen en vrouw met betrekking tot de effectiviteit van tappen, tappen+klikjes als bilaterale stimulatie bij EMDR therapie. Uit dit onderzoek is een effect voor de bilaterale stimulatie in de vorm van tappen en de stimulatie in de vorm van tappen+klikjes gebleken. Dit doet een rol van belasting van het werkgeheugen vermoeden. Echter kunnen hieraan geen definitieve conclusies worden verbonden, meer onderzoek is nodig naar de werkgeheugen en EMDR-therapie.

Recent studies of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) doing a role of working memory suspicion. With regard to the effect of bilateral stimulation in EMDR therapy is still little research on the effect of tapping on reducing emotional and vibrancy to negative memories. In the present study, these two aspects. Use is made of three conditions are (1) control, (2) tapping and (3) tapping + clicks. It was expected that the effect would exist for the condition 2 and 3. Work also expects that this effect for condition 3 would be stronger than for condition 2. In the study, 36 healthy volunteer students from Utrecht University participated (24 women and 12 men). It has been an effect of condition 2 on both emotional and liveliness. This effect was stronger for condition 3. Explorative looked at the effect of gender, it appears that there is no difference between men and women with regard to the effectiveness of tapping, tapping + clicks as bilateral stimulation in EMDR therapy. This study is an effect of bilateral stimulation in the form of tapping and stimulation in the form of tapping + clicks proved. This does a role of working memory load suspicion. However, can not derive any definitive conclusions be drawn, more research is needed into the memory and EMDR therapy.DanishEnglishSwedishAlpha Recent studies of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) doing a role of working memory suspicion. With regard to the effect of bilateral stimulation in EMDR therapy is still little research on the effect of tapping on reducing emotional and vibrancy to negative memories. In the present study, these two aspects. Use is made of three conditions are (1) control, (2) tapping and (3) tapping + clicks. It was expected that the effect would exist for the condition 2 and 3. Work also expects that this effect for condition 3 would be stronger than for condition 2. In the study, 36 healthy volunteer students from Utrecht University participated (24 women and 12 men). It has been an effect of condition 2 on both emotional and liveliness. This effect was stronger for condition 3. Explorative looked at the effect of gender, it appears that there is no difference between men and women with regard to the effectiveness of tapping, tapping + clicks as bilateral stimulation in EMDR therapy. This study is an effect of bilateral stimulation in the form of tapping and stimulation in the form of tapping + clicks proved. This does a role of working memory load suspicion. However, can not derive any definitive conclusions be drawn, more research is needed into the memory and EMDR therapy.

Keywords: Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

133. van Rood, Y., & de Roos, C. (2012, March). EMDR en somatisch onvoldoende verklaarde lichamelijke klachten (SOLK)[EMDR and Somatic insufficiently explained physical complaints (SOLK)]. Presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Somatisch onvoldoende verklaarde lichamelijke klachten (SOLK) zijn lichamelijke klachten die niet - of niet geheel - verklaard worden door een bekende ziekte bijvoorbeeld chronische pijn, tinnitus, chronische vermoeidheid, conversie- of prikkelbare darm klachten. Wanneer de beperkingen als gevolg van de lichamelijke klachten aanzienlijk zijn en/of er sprake is van aanzienlijk lijden dan is er sprake van een somatoforme stoornis volgens de DSM-IV. Er zijn aanwijzingen dat traumatische ervaringen een rol kunnen spelen bij het ontstaan van SOLK en somatoforme stoornissen. Onverwerkte traumatische herinneringen kunnen daarnaast ook een rol spelen bij het in stand houden van SOLK (van Rood en de Roos, in druk). Uit een systematische review van de beschikbare studies blijkt dat EMDR een effectieve behandeling kan zijn voor SOLK als de lichamelijke klachten trauma gerelateerd zijn (van Rood en de Roos 2009). In deze workshop wordt aan de hand van een diagnostisch model voor SOLK (het gevolgenmodel) geïllustreerd welke rol traumatische herinneringen kunnen spelen bij het in stand houden van een SOLK en hoe dit zich verhoudt tot de rol van de andere in stand houdende gevolgen. Aansluitend zullen er drie tot vijf casussen van workshopdeelnemers centraal worden besproken. Hiervoor vragen we u om voor 1 maart 2012 een e-mail te sturen met een korte casus beschrijving en uw vragen naar yrvanrood@lumc.nl of cderoos@ggzkinderenenjeugd.nl o.v.v. VEN congres 2012 Uit de inzendingen zal een selectie worden gemaakt voor de workshop eventueel met videofragmenten wanneer de vraag betrekking heeft op toepassing van het EMDR protocol.

Somatic insufficiently explained physical complaints (SOLK) are physical symptoms that are not - or not entirely - be explained by a disease known as chronic pain, tinnitus, chronic fatigue, conversion or irritable bowel symptoms. When the limitations due to physical problems are significant and / or there is considerable suffering than there is a somatoform disorder according to DSM-IV. There is evidence that traumatic experiences may play a role in causing SOLK and somatoform disorders. Unprocessed traumatic memories can also play a role in the maintenance of SOLK (of Red and the Rose, in press). A systematic review of the available studies show that EMDR is an effective treatment for SOLK as physical trauma related symptoms (of the Red and Rose 2009). This workshop is based on a diagnostic model for SOLK (the consequence model) illustrated the role that traumatic memories can play in maintaining a SOLK and how this relates to the role of the other sustaining effects. Afterwards there will be three to five cases of central workshop participants are discussed. For this we ask you to 1 March 2012 e-mail with a brief case study and your questions or yrvanrood@lumc.nl cderoos@ggzkinderenenjeugd.nl stating VEN 2012 congress will be a selection from the submissions made for the workshop, possibly with video clips when the question relates to application of the EMDR.

Keywords: SOLK Somatic Insufficiently Explained Physical Complaints

Accuracy Verified: Yes

134. Farrell, D. (2010, March). EMDR Europe accreditation session. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Over the last number of years EMDR Europe has developed a Competency Based Framework for EMDR clinicians seeking accreditation as either an EMDR Europe Practitioner or Consultant. The rationale behind this initiative is that EMDR Europe wanted to standardise the requirement for accreditation across all member nations as part of EMDR Europe. These new competency frameworks have made a significant contribution in achieving this. The need to enhance the importance of accreditation within EMDR is extremely important in terms of treatment fidelity, future research and development, and quality assurance. The purpose of this session is twofold; firstly to explore the key attributes of each of these EMDR Europe competencies based frameworks and explain how the accreditation process works within EMDR UK & Ireland. Secondly, a question and answer aspect focussing upon individual aspects to address people’s specific issues, concerns or queries EMDR clinicians may have in relation to EMDR Europe accreditation either as a practitioner or consultant.

Keywords: Accreditation Competency-Based Framwork

Accuracy Verified: Yes

135. Farrell, D. (2010, March). EMDR Europe accreditation session. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Accreditation Competency-Based Framwork

Accuracy Verified: Yes

136. Matthess, H., & Mehrotra, S. (2008, June). EMDR Europe Humanitarian Assistance Programme (HAP): The efficacy of using EMDR in the aftermath of an earthquake in India. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
India, the world’s second largest democracy, is known for its diversity in terrain, culture and ethnicity. Prone to both natural and man made calamities along with a high population density and not enough resources, mental health does not rank high on the list of people’s priorities. The earthquake of January 2001, was the second deadliest experienced by the country through its recorded history. Trauma therapy, specifically EMDR was still at its inception in the country with very few fully trained professionals. These professionals put together a response that reached out to more than 16000 affected individuals, mostly children and adolescents and a few parents, teachers and adults from the society. The keynote address discusses the approach that was adapted in working in Gujarat in the aftermath of the earth quake, the processes that were modified to make them relevant both to the culture and the trauma experienced by the people. The address also discusses the documented findings while work was underway, the experiences and observations of the therapists along with a few representative cases. The data for this keynote was generated through the drawings of children done as a part of the therapy itself. The impact on adolescents using the Impact of Event scale will also be presented.

Keywords: Earthquake India Keynote

Accuracy Verified: Yes

137. Blore, D. (2009). EMDR for mining and related trauma: The underground trauma protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 215-232). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The author has been providing EMDR to traumatized miners since 1993. As with other specialized client groups, the Single Trauma (STP) and Recent Trauma Protocol (RTP) have required modifications. The author has collated the modifications made, and presented them here as the Underground Trauma Protocol (UTP). The UTP is intended to provide a rapid and effective method of conducting EMDR with traumatized miners and other similar, very specific, client groups. The principal use of the UTP is for traumatized miners of coal, gold, nickel, gems, and so forth. It has also been used with the following populations: traumatized tunnelers (e.g., excavators of tunnels in both war and peace); those traumatized in rail accidents in tunnels (e.g., fire in Channel Tunnel, Kings Cross tube fire); those traumatized in underground leisure pursuits (e.g., exploration of caves, pot holing); those traumatized by being trapped (e.g., in collapsed buildings as in Turkish earthquakes); and those traumatized during 9/11 in New York and the 7/7 bombings in London. The author recommends that the treatment of this client group only be undertaken by fully trained EMDR clinicians who have experience with modifying protocols and existing clinical experience of using cognitive interweave. The Underground Trauma Protocol Script is provided. [PsycINFO Datab]

Keywords: Disasters Mining Trauma Underground Trauma Underground Trauma Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

138. Blore, D. C. (2000). EMDR for mining and related trauma: The underground trauma protocol (UTP). The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The author has now been providing EMDR to traumatised miners for almost seven years. As with other specialised client groups, the single trauma (STP) and recent trauma protocols (RTP), have required modifications. The author has collated the modifications made, and presented them here as 'The Underground Trauma Protocol (UTP)'. The UTP is intended to provide a rapid and effective method of conducting EMDR with traumatised miners and other similar, very specific, client groups. The author welcomes feedback on its use.[Author abstract]

Keywords: Mining Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

139. Fizel, D., Shapiro, F., Borderson, G., & Frank-NcNeil, J. (1997). EMDR for trauma (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an approach that combines elements of the major therapeutic schools (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and interactional). Although eye movement stimulation has garnered the most attention professionally and publicly, EMDR actually involves a much broader spectrum of interventions which are organized into eight phases of therapy. EMDR is based on the assumption that specific experiences from the past continue to guide the client's responses in the present. To influence such experiences from the past, EMDR draws on an information processing model of behavior. Disturbing trauma-related information is believed to be held in the patient's nervous system in state-dependent form (e.g., the perceptions and sensations experienced at the time of the trauma are encoded in the nervous system). EMDR allows the processing of this information so that what is useful from the experience can be learned; stored appropriately, cognitively and affectively; and made available for behavioral guidance in the future. EMDR allows clients to access and reprocess these experiences as well as to learn new skills and behaviors for managing future life events. The goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while helping the client to remain reasonably stable. [Videorecording : DVD video 1 videodisc (53 min.) : sd., col. ; 4 3/4 in.]

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

140. Shapiro, F., & Broderson, G. (1997). EMDR for trauma: Eye movement desenitization and reprocessing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a complex treatment approach that combines salient elements of the major therapeutic schools (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and interactional). Although the eye movement stimulation (and other forms of dual stimulation used in the approach) have garnered the most attention professionally and publicly, EMDR actually involves a much broader spectrum of interventions, which are organized into eight phases of therapy. Currently, 13 completed controlled studies of EMDR make it one of the most researched methods of psychotherapy used in the treatment of trauma. Its efficacy has been supported by these studies: the four most recent studies of victims who have suffered single traumas have demonstrated that after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions, 84% to 90% of patients no longer have symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Rothbaum, 1997; Wilson, Becker, & Tinker, 1995).
EMDR is based on the assumption that specific experiences from the past continue to guide the client`s responses in the present. These experiences can be the "big T" traumas that result in PTSD or the "small t" traumas that are the ubiquitous experiences known to have a less dramatic but still negative impact on personality and behavior.
To influence such experiences from the past, EMDR draws on an information processing model of behavior. Conceptually, disturbing trauma-related information is believed to be held in the patient`s nervous system in state-dependent form (e.g., the perceptions and sensations experienced at the time of the trauma are encoded in the nervous system). EMDR allows the processing of this information in an adaptive fashion so that what is useful from the experience can be learned; stored appropriately, cognitively, and affectively; and made available for behavioral guidance in the future. What is useless to adaptation, such as excess negative emotions, irrational self-assessments, and disturbing physical sensations, can be discarded.
Assessment is focused not on global diagnoses but rather on specific delineations of problematic behaviors, attitudes, and affects that need to be transmuted to allow for adaptive resolution of trauma or conflict. Specifically, the EMDR clinician asks, what is the patient being influenced by past experiences to do in the present that is dysfunctional and what is he or she prevented from doing that would be adaptive?
Although originally applied to PTSD, EMDR shows promise in a variety of clinical complaints that are based on earlier life experiences that underlie the pathology and current experiences and that restimulate the disturbance. EMDR allows clients to access and reprocess these experiences as well as to learn new skills and behaviors for managing future life events. In all cases, the goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while helping the client to remain reasonably stable.
EMDR as an eight-phase intervention approach can be considered a complete treatment in some clinical cases, or it may be part of a more complex treatment plan that includes other more traditional approaches to treating a specific pathology (e.g., borderline personality disorder). Within this latter integrative context, EMDR appears to be useful for a broad range of clinical complaints and seems to provide more rapid achievement of positive treatment effects than do these more traditional approaches alone.
Dr. Shapiro identifies her approach as "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing." What does this imply to you? More specifically, what do you expect of her? Will Dr. Shapiro be active or passive? Will the session be structured or unstructured? Directive or nondirective? Will it focus on the past or on the present? Will the session focus on behaviors, on thoughts, or on feelings? What do you expect to be the relative balance between attention to technique versus the interpersonal interaction?

Keywords: Client Francine Shapiro Male

Accuracy Verified: Yes

141. Quinn, G. (2013, June). EMDR immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma.
Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities.
Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war.
In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, and modified by Elan Shapio and Brurit Laub in R-TEP will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment.
A practicum will follow on ERP.
Learning objectives: Within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid, to learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma utilizing ERP; To apply ERP in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions; To learn when and how to use ERP for patients exhibiting “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in an ambulance en route to medical facilities; How to utilize the Recent Events Protocol in the face of ongoing danger; To understand EMDR methods that may be used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment

Keywords: Disaster Emergency Response Procedure ERP Extreme Stress Silent Terror

Accuracy Verified: Yes

142. Mehrotra, S. (2013, June). EMDR in Asia: Needs, challenges and way ahead. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper tries to highlight the milestones of some of the Asian EMDR Associations and the evolution of EMDR Asia and the practices and challenges faced. Some of the issues are related to the parity of trainees’ qualifications with those from USA, Europe and within Asia. Similarly it impacts upon the training standards. Attention is also drawn to the cultural, language and economical diversity. The task ahead is to reinforce the uniformity of EMDR practice by developing accreditation procedures, standardization, training standards, contents and duration, selection criteria and requirements for the trainees and trainers, certification process, curriculum, linkages with associations, methods of supervision and consultation. UN agencies have a huge presence in Asia for developmental and relief work. UN agencies engaged in a wide range of the health spectrum could make a huge difference if they promoted the efficacy of EMDR for effective management of psychological health. This would include the use of EMDR not only for manmade and natural disasters, but also for other chronic and life threatening illnesses e.g. HIV, cancer and other psycho-social issues related to mental health.

Keywords: Asia Diversity Keynote

Accuracy Verified: Yes

143. Cohen, A., & Lahad, M. (1999). EMDR in hospital intervention. In O. Ayalon, M. Lahad, A. Cohen (Ed.), Community stress prevention, v.3 (pp. 14-20). Kiriat Shmona: Community Stress Prevention Centre.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The therapeutic effectiveness of EMDR has been wel1 documented since 1989, but the technique is far from reaching its optimal utilisation in the clinical and psychological world. I wish to present a case in which the improvement on the part of the patient was rapid, possibly even astounding to those who are unfamiliar with EMDR. The implications of this treatment for me, however, were much further reaching. Many of the points outlined in theoretical training sessions were brought home most strongly and many more priceless pieces of advice for people who wish to be of assistance to someone who has been involved in a traumatic incident were made so clearly apparent. [Text, p. 14]

Keywords: Adults Case Report Females Medical Procedures Multiple Traumatic Events Phobia Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

144. Tumani, V. (2011, June). EMDR in interkulturellen therapien [EMDR in intercultural therapies]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Derzeit Migration verfügt über umfangreiche Ausmaße angenommen. Weltweit gehen wir von einer 1 bis 200 Migranten (WHO). Durch Bürgerkriege, Naturkatastrophen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Umständen die wahre Zahl dürfte noch höher. So ist es zunehmend vor, dass Psychiater und Psychotherapeuten bei der Behandlung Einzelpersonen aus anderen Kulturen begegnen, präsentiert mit verschiedenen psychiatrischen Symptome. Die Behandlung dieser Menschen werden manchmal große Schwierigkeiten. Nicht nur wegen der Sprache, sondern auch wegen der relativen Bedeutung bestimmter Symptome in einem kulturellen Kontext, ist es wichtig, Kultur Hintergrund arbeiten Milieu und Unordnung bestimmten psychiatrischen / psychotherapeutischen betrachten. Aber was bedeutet Kultur-und Milieu sensiblen Psychiatrie oder Psychotherapie bedeuten? Basierend auf den vorhandenen Studien über Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und die Untersuchungen des Sozio-Vision-Institute, und unsere eigenen Erfahrungen, die wir klären, wie eine interkulturelle Begegnung und ein Milieu sensiblen Psychotherapie erfolgreich angewandt werden.

Currently migration has reached extensive proportions. Globally, we assume a hundred to two hundred million migrants (WHO). Due to civil wars, natural disasters, political and economic circumstances the true figure is likely even higher. So it increasingly occurs that psychiatrists and psychotherapists encounter in their treatment individuals from other cultures, presenting with various psychiatric symptoms. The treatment of these people will sometimes face major difficulties. Not only because of language but also because of the relative importance of certain symptoms in a cultural context, it is essential to consider culture background, working milieu and disorder specific psychiatric/psychotherapy. But what does cultural and milieu sensitive psychiatry or psychotherapy mean? Based on the existing studies about people with immigrant backgrounds and the investigations of the Socio-Vision-Institute, and our own experiences we will elucidate how an intercultural meeting and a milieu sensitive psychotherapy can be successfully applied.

Keywords: Intercultural Therapies

Accuracy Verified: Yes

145. Levin, C., Allen-Byrd, L., & Miller, M. (1997, July). EMDR in the treatment of natural disaster survivors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Natural Disasters Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

146. Richman, S. (2009, March). EMDR in the treatment of survivors of torture. Symposium conducted at the 7th annual EMDR Association UK & Ireland Conference, Manchester, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation seeks to address some of the challenges of using EMDR cross-culturally with highly traumatised clients who have been the victims of physical and/or psychological torture. The presentation will review characteristics of torture and how the helplessness experienced by victims physically and psychologically can help the therapist to case conceptualization and encourage adaptive learning with interweaves to assist the processing allowing adaptive linkage being made with dysfunctional memory storage. EMDR is very effective where trauma survivors present with somatisation, dissociation and frozen states but desensitization and reprocessing can only be embarked upon after adequate stabilization in the Preparation Phase. Methods of stabilization (including somatic stabilization) will be covered and thereafter the basic EMDR protocol implemented with the client focusing on damage to the self and the spirit.

Keywords: Symposium Torture

Accuracy Verified: Yes

147. Jarero, I., & Artigas, L. (2010). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with adults during ongoing geopolitical crisis. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), 148-155. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.4.148.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP) has been used in its original format or with adaptations to meet the circumstances in numerous settings around the world for thousands of disaster survivors after natural or man-made incidents. In this study, the EMDR-IGTP was applied during three consecutive days to a group of 20 adults during ongoing geopolitical crisis in a Central American country in 2009. Results in this uncontrolled study showed significant decreases in scores on the Subjective Unit of Disturbance Scale and the Impact of Event Scale (IES). Changes on the IES were maintained at 14 weeks follow-up even though participants were still exposed to ongoing crisis. Controlled research is recommended to further evaluate the efficacy of this intervention.

Keywords: Group Treatment Human Provoked Disaster Geopolitical Crisis Posttraumatic Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

148. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., Montero, M., & Lopez-Lena, L. (2008). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with child victims of a mass disaster. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 97-105. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.97.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment protocol (EMDR-IGTP) has been used in different parts of the world since 1998 with both adults and children after natural or man-made disasters. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model, thus providing more extensive reach than the individual application of EMDR. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 16 bereaved children after a human provoked disaster in the Mexican State of Coahuila in 2006. Results showed a significant decrease in scores on the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale that was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Although controlled research is needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention, preliminary results suggest that EMDR-IGTP may be an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale critical incidents (e.g., human-provoked disasters, terrorism, natural disasters. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Children Death of Parent Explosions Females Group Psychotherapy Group Treatment Human-Provoked Disaster Industrial Accidents Latin American Males Mexicans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors School Age Children Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

149. Jarero, I., & Artigas, L. (2012). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: EMDR group treatment for early intervention following critical incidents. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 219-222. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.04.004.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introduction: This paper presents an overview of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing – Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP) that has been used since 1998 with both children and adults in its original format or with adaptations to meet the circumstances in numerous settings around the world for thousands of survivors of natural or man-made disasters and during ongoing geopolitical crisis. Method: The author's intention is to highlight and enlightened the reader of the existence of this protocol that combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model and an art therapy format and use the Butterfly Hug as a form of a self-administered bilateral stimulation, thus providing more extensive reach than the individual EMDR application. Conclusion: Randomize Controlled Trial Research is suggested to establish the efficacy of this intervention.

Keywords: Critical Incident Group Treatment Integrative Group Treatment Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

150. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Hartung, J. (2006). EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: A postdisaster trauma intervention for children and adults. Traumatology, 12(2), 121-129. doi: 10.1177/1534765606294561.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is recognized as an effective and efficient treatment for trauma-related issues. This article describes an integrated EMDR and group treatment for children and adults traumatized by natural disasters in several Latin American countries. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model. The hypothesis is that the resulting hybrid offers more extensive reach than did the original EMDR model, which was intended for use with individuals, and takes treatment efficacy and efficiency well beyond that expected from traditional group process. To illustrate the application of the model, one formally measured field study and nine pilot projects are described. The promising results of this intervention suggest that EMDR is an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale traumatic events (e.g., natural disasters). Controlled research is needed to clarify this issue.

Keywords: Children Latin America Natural Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

151. Marich, J. (2011). EMDR made simple: 4 approaches to using EMDR with every client. Eau Claire, WI: Premier Publishing & Media .

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has established itself as an evidence-based psychotherapy for the treatment of trauma and other related mental health disorders. Despite the numerous studies touting EMDR’s efficacy, it is still largely regarded as too complicated to understand, a major factor in why many who have been trained in EMDR no longer use it. EMDR Made Simple: 4 Approaches to Using EMDR with Every Client offers a fresh approach to understanding, conceptualizing, and ultimately implementing EMDR into clinical settings. Dr. Jamie Marich brings in her clinical experience from other modalities and disciplines to show that EMDR is more than just a series of protocols that need to be mastered in order for it to be effective. Using common sense language, clinical cases, and practical examples, EMDR Made Simple will give you the tools to build on your existing clinical knowledge and make EMDR work for you and your clients.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

152. Tinker, R., & Wilson, S. (2005, September). EMDR master series - II. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The effectiveness of EMDR with children can be enhanced with the use of a number of theoretical conceptualizations, protocol modifications, and specific techniques. In this master class, we will cover: understanding how attachment theory informs the use of EMDR with attachment-disordered children; how EMDR can be used on a group basis across cultures, with children scarred by war as well as natural disasters; how attunement is more important than relationship in EMDR; how resource development can be used within the EMDR protocol, instead of beforehand; how dissociation is manifested and treated with children; how additional techniques can be used to jump-start stalled processing with children; how trauma-based diagnosis relates to DSM-lV nomenclature; how heart math solutions can be combined with Safe Place; and how one- and two-year-old childrcn can benefit from EMDR. Also, participants will be encouraged to share their own experiences, techniques, and conceptualizations with EMDR and children.

Keywords: Attachment Disorder Attachment Theory Children Master Series Resource Development

Accuracy Verified: Yes

153. Seubert, A. & McDonagh, J. (2002). EMDR mit geistig behinderten Menschen [EMDR with mentally disabled clients]. Institut fur Traumatherapie [8 pages].

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
John ist Psychotherapeut und arbeitet seit einigen Jahren mit Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung, allerdings betont er mehrfach, dass es sich bei seinen Klienten um mildly retarded clients mit guten sprachlichen Möglichkeiten handelt, das entspricht im Deutschen eher dem Begriff der Lernbehinderung. Er bedauert, dass es nach wie vor die weitverbreitete Annahme gibt, dass Menschen mit psychiatrischen Problemen und einer leichten geistigen Behinderung nicht von Psychotherapie profitieren können oder dass sie allenfalls mit Verhaltenstherapie oder Medikamenten behandelt werden. Dabei hat er selbst die Erfahrung gemacht, dass diese Klienten genauso gut auf EMDR ansprechen, wie andere auch.

John is a psychotherapist and has worked for several years with people with intellectual disabilities, but he repeatedly stressed that it is mildly retarded with his clients to clients with good linguistic possibilities, which corresponds more to the German concept of learning disability. He regrets that it still is the widespread assumption that persons with psychiatric problems and a slight mental disability can benefit from psychotherapy or that they at best treated with behavioral therapy or medications. He himself made the experience that these clients respond as well to EMDR, like any other.

Keywords: Mentally Disabled Mentally Handicapped

Accuracy Verified: Yes

154. Saêta, L. B. (2012, Novembro). EMDR no tratamento da dor e das sensações fantasmas [EMDR in the treatment of pain and phantom sensations]. In EMDR e dor crônica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Sujeitos vítimas de amputação podem apresentar, imeditamente após a mesma, algum tipo de desconforto no membro ausente, descrito como formigamento, dormência, posição do membro, temperatura, latejamento, choque e apertamento que podem manifestar-se com a presença ou não de dor, tendo sua qualidade de vida reduzida. Observa-se que atualmente, as abordagens terapêuticas usadas no manejo da dor e das sensações fantasmas podem ser organizadas em três modalidades: medicamentosa, de apoio e cirúrgica, feitas em conjunto ou separadamente. Os tratamentos de apoio mais conhecidos incluem estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea, terapia vibratória, acupuntura, hipnose e biofeedback. A proposta desse estudo foi verificar a eficiência do EMDR na redução e/ou eliminação das sensações e da dor fantasmas aplicado a seis sujeitos com amputação de membro inferior, num período de um a três meses de duração (de 4 a 12 sessões de 60 a 90 minutos de duração), utilizando o protocolo EMDR padrão e o protocolo EMDR para a dor, e também exercícios corporais de respiração consciente, aliados, em casos de resistência dos sujeitos ao EMDR, à ativação da visão macular dos dois olhos e a exercícios rítmicos de espernear. Tais procedimentos proporcionaram uma melhor comunicação entre os hemisférios cerebrais, numa reorganização cortical que facilitou o aumento da consciência e aceitação da perda do membro amputado, sendo possível presenciar efeitos terapêuticos positivos e rápidos. Constatou-se que as sensações e as dores fantasmas diminuíram significativamente em três participantes e desapareceram por completo nos outros três, comprovando a eficácia e eficiência do EMDR no processo de inclusão e readaptação social em sujeitos vítimas de amputação.

Subjected victims of amputation may have, immediately after it, some kind of discomfort absent member, described as tingling, numbness, limb position, temperature, throbbing, clenching and shock that may occur with the presence or absence of pain, having a reduced quality of life. It is observed that currently, the therapeutic approaches used in the management of pain and phantom sensations can be organized into three types: medication, and surgical support, made jointly or separately. The most popular treatments include support transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, vibratory therapy, acupuncture, hypnosis and biofeedback. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of EMDR in the reduction and / or elimination of phantom sensations and pain applied to six subjects with lower limb amputation in a period of one to three months duration (4 to 12 sessions of 60 to 90 minutes), using the standard EMDR protocol and the protocol EMDR for pain, and also body conscious breathing exercises, combined, in cases of resistance to the subject of EMDR, the activation of macular vision in both eyes and rhythmic exercises kicking . These procedures allow for a better communication between the cerebral hemispheres, cortical reorganization in which facilitated the increased awareness and acceptance of the loss of the amputated limb, and you can witness the positive therapeutic effects and fast. It was found that the sensations and phantom pain significantly decreased in three participants and disappeared completely in the other three, proving the efficiency and effectiveness of EMDR in the process of inclusion and social rehabilitation of victims subject to amputation.

Keywords: Amputation Phantom Pain Phantom Sensation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

155. de Roos, C. & Veenstra, S. (2008, Februar/Juni). EMDR schmerzprotokoll (für aktuelle schmerzen) [EMDR (for current pain) pain protocol]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 15, 12-18.

Language: German

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Erinnerungen an traumatische Ereignisse oder schmerzbezogene Erinnerungen, die gegenwärtig noch negative Affekte hervorrufen und eine dysfunktionale Bedeutung haben, kann man zuvor mit Hilfe des Standardprotokolls prozessieren. Dieses EMDR Schmerzprotokoll wurde für aktuelle Schmerzen als Zielsymptom entwickelt. Die Zielsetzung dieses Schmerzprotokolls besteht in der Reduktion aktueller Schmerzen.

Memories of traumatic events or pain-related memories, currently still cause negative emotions and have a dysfunctional importance before one can litigate with the standard protocol. The EMDR Pain protocol was developed for current pain as a target symptom. The objective Minutes of this pain is the reduction of current pain.

Keywords: Current Pain Pain Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

156. Laub, B. (2006, June). EMDR standard protocol in the personal resources and the settlement to be found. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Resource Development, EMDR is an addition to standard protocol. Procedure of each session to reveal the source of healing and therapy by the end of the beginning of a resource series covers the creation. Personal resources and the settlement to be found exactly matching procedure to the problem of uncovering the unconscious and strengthen cross-country skiing in both sessions, as well as in everyday life is to make accessible. There are three types of resource development: Historical Resource Development, Present and Future Development Resources Resources Development. Standard protocol problems, sensory, cognitive, emotional and somatic components are becoming a focus can be achieved. Personal Resources Development in the settlement, resources focus dialectic movement is intensified. Sources of development activity in recent years both in Israel and other EMDR therapists Brurit Laub'ın is observed in the practice. Procedures and video images live applications and small groups will be presented with applications that can be made, personal resources development and placement will be given immediately to the practice of protocol participants.

Keywords: Historical Resource Development Resource Development

Accuracy Verified: Yes

157. Silver, S. M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005, February). EMDR therapy following the 9/11 terrorist attacks: A community-based intervention project in New York City. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 29-42. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.12.1.29.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article presents the results of a time-limited psychological relief effort using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) following the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Clients made highly significant positive gains on a range of outcome variables, including validated psychometrics and self-report scales. Analyses of the data suggest 2 broad conclusions: EMDR is a useful treatment intervention both in the immediate aftermath of disaster as well as later; the longer treatment is delayed, the greater the level of disturbance experienced by clients. Also discussed are problems in conducting research during mass disaster response situations. A demonstration of an analog to a wait-list control group is provided. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: 9/11 Americans Crisis Intervention Empirical Study Quantitative Study September 11 Survivors Terrorism Terrorist Attacks Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

158. Hase, M. (2006, November). EMDR toegepast op de addicition geheugen in alcohol verslaafde patiënten opnieuw te verwerken in - Resultaten en follow-up gegevens van een klinische studie [EMDR applied to reprocess the addicition memory in alcohol addicted in-patients – Outcome and follow-up data of a clinical study]. Keynote gepresenteerd aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Alcohol afhankelijkheid en haar gevolg op betekenen vaak intens lijden voor het individu en enorme kosten voor de samenleving. Gevestigde behandelmethoden, zo goed als ze zijn, gebrek aan effectiviteit. Uit recent onderzoek op het gebied van de neurowetenschappen is gebleken dat de meeste ervaring wordt automatisch verwerkt op subcorticaal niveau, dat wil zeggen door 'onbewust' interpretaties die buiten bewustzijn gemaakt. Inzicht en begrip hebben slechts een beperkte invloed op de werking van deze subcorticale processen. Deze bevindingen zijn ook van toepassing op verslaafde mensen een bijdragen aan een nieuwe aanpak te creëren. Het concept van een addicition geheugen is behulpzaam (Wolffgramm 2000; Wolffgramm 2002). Het kan worden opgevat als een vorm van onaangepast geheugen en EMDR is het hulpmiddel voor de resolutie (Shapiro 2001). De presentatie richt zich op theorie en praktijk van een EMDR aanpak van de verslaving opwerken geheugen (Hase 2006). Gegevens van een klinische studie zullen worden gepresenteerd en besproken.

Alcohol dependency and its sequela often mean intense suffering for the individual and huge costs for society. Established treatment modalities, as good as they are, lack effectiveness. Recent research in the field of neuroscience has shown that most experience is automatically processed on subcortical levels, i.e. by “unconscious” interpretations that are made outside of conscious awareness. Insight and understanding have only a limited influence on the operation of these subcortical processes. These findings are also applicable on addicted people an help to create a new approach. The concept of an addicition memory is helpful (Wolffgramm 2000; Wolffgramm 2002). It can be understood as a form of maladaptive memory and EMDR is the tool for resolution (Shapiro 2001). The presentation focusses on theory and practice of an EMDR approach to reprocess the addiction memory (Hase 2006). Data of a clinical study will be presented and discussed.

Keywords: Addiction Memory Inpatients

Accuracy Verified: Yes

159. Maxfield, L. (2008). EMDR treatment of recent events and community disasters. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 74-78. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.74.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This special issue on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of recent events and community disasters gathers information on the application of EMDR in situations of extreme chaos, disaster, violence, and war. The authors provide a global perspective, writing from Israel, Palestine, the United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, the United States, Italy, and Mexico. They describe the effectiveness and utility of EMDR in treating severe distress subsequent to experiences of overwhelming terror, loss, and despair. This is a vital topic, suggesting the possibility of reducing exceptional emotional disturbance, helping restore function and stability to individuals and communities. The reports from these authors are encouraging and hopeful, stimulating thought and suggesting direction and guidance for future research. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Community Disasters Recent Events Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

160. Shapiro, E. (2009). EMDR treatment of recent trauma. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 141-151. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.141 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Although eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated efficacy in treating chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and old trauma memories, EMDR treatment of recent traumatic events has not received adequate attention from EMDR researchers or clinicians. This article presents current thinking and findings about early psychological intervention following recent traumatic events and examines the status of early EMDR intervention (EEI) concepts and research. It is contended that this area has not developed sufficient awareness and definition among EMDR clinicians. Francine Shapiro's theoretical adaptive information-processing model predicts that dysfunctionally stored trauma memories underlie many current psychological disorders. Consequently, the assumption that memories of a recent traumatic event and its sequelae are not fully consolidated offers a unique role for EEI not only in reducing acute distress but also in preventing the sensitization and accumulation of trauma memories. A call is made for a more comprehensive approach to the field of EEI to promote interest and awareness among EMDR practitioners and to generate research.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Early EMDR Intervention Early Psychological Intervention EEI Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention of PTSD Recent Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

161. Haour, F., Meignant, I., & De Beaurepaire, C. (2012, June). EMDR treatment of sexual traumas in a child offender [Tratamiento EMDR de traumas sexuales en un pedófilo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Child offenders have been abused 3 to 6 time more than controls during childhood and these figures are probably grossly underestimated. Most of them exhibit all or many symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) in association with anxiety-‐depression-‐addiction. TCC treatments are useful but with limited efficacy (Brooks-‐ Gordon B et al, Journal of forensic Psychiatry and Pathology, 2006; 17:442-‐466). The treatment by the EMDR approach of the traumatic memories should be beneficial to these patients. Previous work (Ricci RJ et al, Journal of forensic Psychiatry and Pathology, 2006; 17:538-‐562) has provided preliminary results in child molesters. Clinical Case: A 40 years old male convicted and jailed for sexual abuse (pedophilia) at 33 years of age. He lives with a wife and a son (9 year old) and has a regular job. His medications are: antipsychotic, antidepressor, antiepileptic, anxiolytic and anti androgens. He sees regularly a psychologist but is submitted to anxious attacks and pedophilic desires. He usually needs to be hospitalized several weeks twice a year. Following assessment and psychological evaluation (DSM IV, PCLS, SOS, BECK 21, DES) and case conceptualisation, the traumatic events were desensitized and reprocessed through EMDR treatment: rape and sexual abuse by an older brother from 5 to 12, familial humiliations, rape under threat, at 11 year of age by an adult, accusation by a 13 years old partner at 33 years of age, prison, trial, etc. The themes of the first 8 EMDR sessions (first 3 months) were: helplessness/control, danger/ security, and will be exposed in details. The changes in the patient appreciation of himself and his symptoms were followed during this period. A sharp decline in the anxiety scores (Beck 21) and a rapid increase in the SOS (Schwartz outcome scale: quality of life) were observed. At the same time the pedophilic desires were disappearing. This allowed the psychiatrist to reduce the antiandrogenic treatments as well as antipsychotic, antiepileptic and antidepressor. Nine month after the beginning of therapy the patient was without antiandrogens. The SOS scores remained high but episodes of anxiety and depression were still present (9 to 12 months after beginning of EMDR treatment). In conclusion, desensitization of traumatic memories lied to a dramatic improvement of anxiety and changes in sexual desire in a man convicted for pedophilia.

Los abusadores sexuales han sido, durante la infancia, víctimas de abusos sexuales de 3 a 6 veces más que los controles y estos datos están lejos de aproximarse a un dato real. Muchos de ellos exhiben todos o muchos, síntomas del Trastorno de Estrés Post-‐traumático (TEPT) en asociación con ansiedad, depresión o adicciones. Los tratamiento TCC son útiles pero de limitada eficacia. (Brooks-‐ Gordon B et al, Journal of forensic Psychiatry and Pathology, 2006; 17:442-‐466). El tratamiento a través de EMDR de los recuerdos traumáticos debería ser beneficioso para el paciente. En trabajos previos (Ricci RJ et al, Journal of forensic Psychiatry and Pathology, 2006; 17:538-‐562) han mostrado resultados preliminares en pedófilos. Caso Clínico: Un convicto varón, 40 años, entró en la cárcel por abusos sexuales (Pedofilia) a la edad de 33 años. Vive con su mujer y su hijo (9 años de edad) y posee un trabajo estable. Su tratamiento farmacológico es: Antipsicóticos, antidepresivos, antiepilépticos, ansiolíticos y anti-‐andrógenos. Muestra un patrón psicológico regular pero está supeditado a ataques de ansiedad y deseos pedófilos. Normalmente necesita ser hospitalizado durante varias semanas 2 veces al año. Siguiendo las tareas y la evaluación psicológica (DSM IV, PCLS, SOS, BECK 21, DES), conceptualización del caso, los eventos traumáticos donde se ha aplicado el tratamiento EMDR: Violación y abuso sexual por su hermano mayor desde los 5 hasta los 12 años, humillaciones familiares, violación bajo amenaza por un adulto a la edad de 11 años., acusación por un niño de 13 años, ingreso en prisión, juicio… Las temáticas en las primeras 8 sesiones de EMDR (los primeros 3 meses) fueron: Desesperanza/Control, peligro/ Seguridad, y serán expuestas en detalle. Se hizo un seguimiento de los cambios apreciados por el paciente y sus síntomas. Una fuerte bajada de las puntuaciones en ansiedad (Beck21) y un rápido aumento de la SOS (Schwartz outcome scale: quality of life) fueron observadas. Al mismo tiempo que los deseos pedófilos iban desapareciendo. Esto permitía al psiquiatra reducir los tratamiento antiandrogénicos, antiepilépticos, antidepresores y antipsicóticos. Nueve meses más tarde del comienzo del tratamiento el paciente abandonó los antiandrógenos. Las puntaciones del SOS seguían altas pero los episodios de ansiedad y depresión seguían presentes (de 9 a 12 meses después del tratamiento EMDR) En conclusión, desensibilizar recuerdos dramáticos ligados a una espectacular mejora de la ansiedad y cambios en el deseo sexual del convicto por pedofilia.

Keywords: Child Offenders Sexual Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

162. Kennert, G. (2008). EMDR und biofeedback in der behandlung von posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen [EMDR and biofeedback in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder]. Forum Psychotherapeutische Praxis, 8(1), 45-46. doi:10.1026/1860-7357.8.1.45b.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract: rezensiert von Gabriele Kennert, In dem von Stefan Jacobs und Anna de Jong vorgestellten Behandlungskonzept werden die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie, das EMDR-Verfahren sowie Biofeedback miteinander kombiniert, um die Angstreaktion im Rahmen traumatisierender Erinnerungen zu verringern bzw. zu hemmen und somit auch die Symptomatik der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung abzubauen. Im ersten Teil des Buches gehen die Autoren eingehend auf den theoretischen Hintergrund (Neurophysiologie, Hirnfunktionen) ein, die mit der neuronalen Bahnung von traumatisierenden Erinnerungen einhergehen. Hierbei vertreten sie die These, dass sich die neuronalen Bahnungen der Traumata nicht löschen lassen, dass sozusagen die Angstreaktion in der Amygdalaregion im Gehirn löschungsresistent ist und es somit in der Konsequenz im Therapieziel nur um die Verringerung der Angstreaktion, bzw. Hemmung der Angstreaktion gehen könne. Konkret modifizieren die Autoren innerhalb des kognitiv, verhaltenstherapeutischen Vorgehens das Modell von Ehlers und Clark, ebenso das EMDR-Verfahren von Shapiro. Das Biofeedbackverfahren nutzen die Autoren als diagnostisches Instrument, um die subjektiven Bewertungen seitens der Patienten und Patientinnen auch objektiv überprüfbar zu machen mit Hilfe der Messung der elektrodermalen Aktivität (EDA). Im zweiten Teil des Buches beschreiben sie detailliert eine wissenschaftliche Studie an 16 Patienten und Patientinnen, die an dem Behandlungsprogramm an der Universität Göttingen teilgenommen haben. Hierbei sei bei allen Patienten und Patientinnen eine signifikante positive Symptomveränderung der PTB nachzuweisen gewesen. Im weiteren Teil des Buches stellen sie ihr ausführliches Therapiekonzept und Behandlungsprotokoll vor. Es wird eingehend auf die Diagnostik (psychologische Testverfahren sowie Biofeedback eingegangen, ein wichtiger Teil ist die Informationsvermittlung sowie Stabilisierung für die Patienten und Patientinnen. Danach erfolgt die Traumabehandlung mit Konfrontation und Integration. Wert wird hierbei in Abgrenzung zu Shapiro auf die frühzeitige Verbindung zur positiven Kognition gelegt in Verbindung mit Hausaufgaben, die die Patienten zwischen den Sitzungen bekommen mit eingehenden Verhaltensübungen. Die Autoren grenzen ein, dass ihre Methode nicht für alle Patienten und Patie tinnen geeignet ist, sondern dissoziative Störungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen sowie Suchtproblematik explizit ausgeschlossen seien. Die Stabilisierungsübungen werden praktisch beschrieben (Sicherer Ort, Tresor), ebenso die praktische Anwendung des Biofeedbackverfahrens sowie das Behandlungsprotokoll für EMDR. Gegen Ende des Bandes schließen sich Fallstudien aus der Arbeit der Autoren an, um die Praxis zu verdeutlichen. Im Anhang gibt es Adressenverzeichnisse über den Bezug von Tests, Biofeedbackgeräten oder Lehrfilmen. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass der Band kurzgefasst, sehr übersichtlich und konkret sowie praxisnah das neuropsychotherapeutische Behandlungsprogramm darstellt, so dass dies hilfreich für die psychotherapeutische Praxis in Bezug auf Traumabehandlungen erscheint. Das Buch richtet sich an Fachleute und ist für Laien eher weniger geeignet.

In the presented text by Stefan Jacobs and Anna de Jong, the treatments approached are the cognitive-behavioral therapy, the EMDR method and biofeedback combined to the fear reaction Framework to reduce traumatic memories or to inhibit and thus the symptoms of reduce post-traumatic stress disorder. In the first part of the book, the authors detail to the theoretical background (neurophysiology, Brain functions, a), the facilitation of the neuronal accompanied by traumatic memories. Here, they argued that the neuronal Facilitations of trauma can not be cleared, so to speak, that the fear response in the Amygdalaregion Brain is resistant to extinction and thus in consequence the goal of therapy just to reduce the fear response, and inhibiting the fear response could. Specifically, the authors modify within the cognitive, behavioral approach, the model by Ehlers and Clark, as well as the method of EMDR Shapiro. The biofeedback method, the authors use as a diagnostic tool for the subjective evaluation on the part of the patients also making objectively verifiable by measuring electrodermal activity (EDA). In the second part of the book they describe in detail a scientific study of 16 male and female patients, where the treatment program at the University Göttingen participated. Here is at all patients, and patients had a significant positive Detect symptom change the PTB have been. In another part of the book they put their detailed Therapeutic approach and treatment protocol first. It will detail the psychological diagnosis ( Test procedures and biofeedback received an important Part is to communicate information and stabilization for male and female patients. Thereafter the confrontation with trauma treatment and integration. Value in this case in contrast to Shapiro on down early connection to the positive cognition in conjunction with homework, the patients who get between meetings with incoming Behavioral exercises. The authors of a frontier that their method is not for All male and female patients is appropriate, but dissociative And personality disorders and addiction are explicitly excluded. The stabilization exercises are described practically (Safe Place, Safe), as well as the practical Application of biofeedback procedure and the treatment protocol for EMDR. Towards the end of the tape to close case studies from the work of the authors in order to clarify the practice. In the appendix, there are records of the address Terms of testing, biofeedback devices or educational films. In summary, one can say that the band concise, very clear and concrete and practical the neuro-psychological treatment program represents, so this is helpful for the psychotherapeutic Practice in relation to trauma treatment appears. The book is aimed at professionals and is for Lay less suitable.

Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

163. Saint Paul, N. V. (2001). EMDR und systemische familientherapie [EMDR and family systems therapy]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 2, 14-17.

Language: German

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Bei der gemeinsamen Betrachtung von EMDR mit familientherapeutischen Ansätzen fallen zunächst die Gegensätze auf. EMDR wird üblicherweise im Einzelsetting angewendet. Die Behandlung steht meist im Kontext von bestimmten Krankheitsdiagnosen (typischerweise von traumabedingten - aber auch anderen - Störungen). In der (systemischen) Familientherapie wird eine Diagnostizierung möglichst vermieden, Konzepte werden "verflüssigt", Symptome werden im Hinblick auf ihre Wirkung im (Familien-)System hin untersucht. Beispielsweise wird ein Patient als "Symptomträger" innerhalb der Familie bezeichnet. Man sucht also nach dem Sinn oder Nutzen, den die Symptomatik für die Familie hat. Insofern ist man recht weit davon entfernt, gezielte Interventionsmethoden zu suchen, mit denen dann der einzelne behandelt wird, um ein Symptom zu beseitigen. Allerdings wurde dies von den Begründern der Familientherapie keineswegs für ausgeschlossen erklärt (vgl. bspw. Stierlin et al. 1977, 16). EMDR ist dementsprechend in der familientherapeutischen Literatur und den einschlägigen Fachzeitschriften bisher so gut wie nicht zur Kenntnis genommen worden. Eine Ausnahme bildet The Family Therapy Networker im Jahr 1993, der dem Thema EMDR ein Special Feature widmet (vgl. Butler (1993) und O'Brien (1993)). Von Seiten der EMDR Praktizierenden gibt es durchaus Hinweise auf die Vereinbarkeit. Tinker & Wilson (2000, 229) verweisen auf die Nützlichkeit der Ergänzung der EMDR-Arbeit durch familientherapeutisches Vorgehen. Lempa (2000) beschreibt die Verbindung der EMDR-Einzelbehandlung mit familientherapeutischen Gesprächen innerhalb des stationären Settings und berichtet über positive Erfahrungen im Hinblick auf die Akzeptanz der Behandlung in den Familien. Ich halte die wechselseitige Betrachtung der Ansätze für sehr fruchtbar und möchte hier einige Gedanken und Erfahrungen dazu darstellen.

In the common view of EMDR with family therapy approaches, first fall to the opposition. EMDR is usually applied in individual settings. Treatment is usually in the context of specific disease diagnoses (typically from trauma-related - errors - but also others). In the (systemic) family therapy, a diagnosis will be avoided where possible, concepts will be "liquefied" symptoms in terms of their effect in the (family) system were investigated. For example, a patient is a "symptom carrier" within the family. Therefore, we look for the meaning or benefit that the symptoms for the family. In this respect it is quite far from seeking specific intervention methods by which the individual is then treated to remove a symptom. However, this was by the founders of family therapy not declared excluded (see, for example, Stierlin et al. 1977, 16). EMDR has been accordingly in the family therapy literature and the relevant journals previously taken almost no notice. The Family Therapy Networker an exception is in 1993, the subject of EMDR devotes a special feature (see Butler (1993) and O'Brien (1993)). Sides of the EMDR practitioner, there are indications of the compatibility. Tinker & Wilson (2000, 229) point to the usefulness of supplementing EMDR work with family therapeutic approach. Lempa (2000) describes the connection of individual EMDR treatment with family therapy calls within the inpatient setting and reported positive experiences with regard to the acceptance of the treatment in the home. I think the mutual inspection of approaches for very fruitful and would like to present some thoughts and experience to do so.

Keywords: Family Systems Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

164. Saint Paul, N. V. (2001). EMDR und systemische familientherapie [EMDR and systemic family therapy]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.

Language: German

Format: Other

Keywords: Systemic Family Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

165. Ward, C. (2010, March). EMDR with a family using a group protocol. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
I will present a way of working with families using EMDR, offer question and discussion time and the opportunity to explore the approach. I would very much like to provide an arena to discuss and share learning about EMDR with families and to agree some success criteria for working in this way. The focus of my presentation is the successful use of the EMDR group protocol to work with domestic abuse. I will describe the use of images to process memories and current fears. I will cover what made the approach successful in the context of the existing resources. Conference Abstracts I will describe our learning about co-working across different modalities in the way that we did. The workshop will have an interactive and experiential focus, which I hope will capture the energy and creativity of the approach. New Learning points: • Adapting and developing a group EMDR protocol • Co-work with a parent and a colleague from another modality • Using EMDR to process the legacy of domestic abuse

Keywords: Family Group Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

166. Ward, C. (2010, June). EMDR with children and adolescents in a family setting using a group protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Our aim: We will present some EMDR family work, offer question and discussion time and the opportunity to explore the approach. We would very much like to provide an arena to discuss and share learning about EMDR with families and to agree some success criteria for working in this way. The focus of our presentation is the successful use of the EMDR group protocol with a family of 5 children. The children had witnessed domestic abuse and had been physically abused themselves. We were greatly assisted by the children's mother Lea who co-worked with us. We will include how we structured 1. I support for her to carry out this difficult role. We will describe the use of images to process the children's memories and current fears. We will cover what made the approach so successful in the children's and our opinion, including the context of the existing resources. We will describe what we learnt about co-working across different modalities in the way that we did. The workshop will have an interactive and experiential focus which we hope will capture the energy and creativity of the approach.
Learning points:
- Adapting and developing a group EMDR protocol to work with a family of 5 children.
- Co-work with a parent and a colleague from another modality.
- Using EMDR to process the legacy of domestic abuse by the children's father including processing current fears.
As co-workers we found that, using the vehicle of the EMDR group protocol has been an exciting and effective initiative. My colleague and I came from different agencies and worked together in the family's home in a collaborative way with the children, parent and each other We will include in our presentation the children's and parent's views on what worked for them and on the process as a whole.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Family Group Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

167. Zampieri, A. M. F. (2009, Junio). EMDR y ayuda humanitaria para las victimas de catástrofes de Santa Catarina [EMDR and humanitarian aid for victims of disasters of Santa Catarina]. Presentación en el IX Congreso Internacional de Estrés Traumático y Trastornos de Ansiedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Keywords: Children Disaster Humanatarian Aid Santa Catarina

Accuracy Verified: Yes

168. Zampieri, A. M. F. (2009, Junio). EMDR y ayuda humanitaria para las victimas de catástrofes de Santa Catarina [EMDR humanitarian aid for victims of disasters of Santa Catarina]. Presentación en X Congreso Internacional de Estres Traumatico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Keywords: Disasters Humanitarian Aid Santa Catarina Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

169. Nofal, S. (2010, Aogosto). EMDR y desastres naturales [EMDR and natural disasters]. In Trauma y EMDR, (N. Benenti, Co-Presidente). VII Congreso Mundial de Estados Depresivos y Simposium Internacional de Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático, Mendoza, Argentina.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Keywords: Natural DIsasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

170. Gonzalez, A., & & Mosquera, D. (2012). EMDR y disociación. El enfoque progresivo [EMDR and dissociation: The progressive approach]. Madrid, Spain: Ediciones Pleyades.

Language: Spanish

Format: Book

Abstract:
Durante las últimas dos décadas, el EMDR se ha convertido en una opción de primera línea para el tratamiento de trastornos de estrés postraumático asociados a la exposición de eventos traumáticos, como accidentes, catástrofes naturales o desastres creados por el hombre. Mientras tanto, los clínicos han visto que la aplicación de EMDR es útil en el tratamiento de pacientes que han sufrido episodios emocionalmente traumáticos, descritos por ellos como característicos de su familia de origen, su historia personal y sus relaciones de apego. Un gran número de investigaciones y publicaciones han examinado en profundidad la eficacia de EMDR en este campo de trabajo de la psicoterapia. Por lo tanto, el EMDR está siendo utilizando cada vez más por los clínicos, trabajando con personas que sufren de traumas crónicos vinculados a relaciones interpersonales traumáticas. Es de sobra conocido que, en los primeros años de vida, las interacciones con los demás dan lugar a conexiones importantes en el cerebro, que progresivamente influyen en la sensación interna que tenemos de nosotros mismos y la capacidad de tener relaciones sanas con el mundo exterior. Las experiencias de relaciones con las figuras de apego durante la infancia temprana pueden ayudar a desarrollar la autorregulación emocional y contribuir a la formación de patrones cognitivos, conductuales y emocionales. La investigación sobre el apego ha demostrado que son estas relaciones las que influyen en el desarrollo de la capacidad de equilibrar las emociones, establecer intimidad interpersonal, así como de la capacidad de autorreflexión y mentalización. Además, es evidente que la comunicación interpersonal y emocional dentro de la familia de origen puede sentar las bases para el desarrollo de recursos, el sentirse valioso y la resiliencia cuando uno está bajo una fuerte tensión emocional, fomentando por tanto la salud mental.

During the past two decades, EMDR has become a first line option for the treatment of PTSD associated with exposure to traumatic events such as accidents, natural disasters or man-made disasters. Meanwhile, clinicians have found that the application of EMDR is useful in treating patients who have suffered emotionally traumatic events described by them as characteristic of their family of origin, personal history and their attachment relationships. A lot of research and publications have examined in depth the effectiveness of EMDR in this field of work of psychotherapy. Therefore, EMDR is being used increasingly by clinicians, working with people suffering from chronic trauma related to interpersonal trauma. It is well known that in the first years of life, interactions with others lead to important connections in the brain that progressively influence the internal sense of ourselves and the ability to have healthy relationships with the outside world . The experiences of relationships with attachment figures in early childhood may help develop emotional self-regulation and contribute to the formation of cognitive patterns, behavioral and emotional problems. The attachment research has shown that it is these relationships that influence the development of the ability to balance emotions, establish interpersonal intimacy and the capacity for self-reflection and awareness. It is also clear that interpersonal and emotional communication within the family of origin may lay the foundation for the development of resources, to feel valued and resilience when one is under emotional stress, thus promoting mental health.

Keywords: Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

171. Hase, M. H. (2005, June). EMDR – Reprocessing of the addiction memory. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Substance abuse is always a challenge for the therapist. Substance abuse and its sequelae often mean intense suffering for the individual and huge costs for society. Established treatment modalities, as good as they are, lack effectiveness. Recent research in the field of neuroscience has shown that most experience is automatically processed on sub cortical levels, i.e. by "unconscious" interpretations that are made outside of conscious awareness. Insight and understanding have only a limited influence on the operation of these sub cortical processes. These findings are also applicable on addicted people and help to create a new approach. The concept of an addiction memory is helpful (Wolffgramm 2000: Wolffgramm 2002). It can be understood as a form of maladaptive memory and EMDR is the tool for resolution (Shapiro 2001). In this workshop an overview over theory and the practical aspects of EMDR treatment for substance abusers will be given.
Theory in combination with video demonstration will facilitate the transfer of knowledge into everyday therapy.

Keywords: Addiction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

172. Saul, J., Errebo, N., Boel, J., & Knope, J. (2005, September). EMDR, disaster, and emerging standards of psycho-social response. Panel presentation (R. Gelbach, Moderator) at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR volunteers usually working through Humanitarian Assistance Programs, have been responding to disasters worldwide for over ten years, beginning with Oklahoma City. During that period, major international relief organizations and leaders in psychosocial response to disaster have been generating new and explicit standards to guide interventions. This panel, consisting of EMDR activists ad independent experts on disaster relief, will review the emerging standards and how EMDR clinicians can relate to them.

Keywords: Disaster Relief Humanitarian Assistance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

173. Errebo, N., Knipe, J., Forte, K., Karlin, V., & Altayli, B. (2008). EMDR-HAP training in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 124-139. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.124.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
On December 26, 2004, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean triggered a catastrophic tsunami. In Sri Lanka, 35,000 people died, 21,000 were injured, and more than half a million were displaced. An EMDR training program was conducted as a joint project of three organizations: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP), International Relief Teams (IRT), and the Sri Lankan National Counselors Association (SRILNAC). Between March and December 2005, 30 Sri Lankan counselors were trained in EMDR. These counselors demonstrated competence in EMDR on several measures, treated more than 1,000 children and more than 350 adult tsunami victims with EMDR in 2005, provided narrative reports and outcome measures for most of their clients, and formed the Sri Lanka EMDR Association (SEA). The crucial steps in establishing and implementing this training program are explained, with a summary of the subjective impressions and learning experiences most valued by the training team, including an excerpt from a trainer's journal. This information may be useful to future cross-cultural humanitarian efforts following large-scale disasters. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Children Cross-Cultural Treatment Humanitarian Efforts Indian Ocean Tsunami Mental Health Personnel Personal Narrative Professional Training Sri Lanka Sri Lankans Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Tsunamis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

174. Sandstrom, M., Willman, A-C., & Hogberg, U. (2004, June). EMDR-treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth. A pilot study of four cases. In single trauma and grief (L. Cornil, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
During the last decade, it has been recognized by research that a traumatic experience of childbirth can cause PTSD. What has also been shown is that these women do not spontaneously recover. No studies have been made before on psychotherapeutic treatment of this group.
The aim of our pilot study was to explore the possibility to use EMDR in the treatment of women who suffered from posttraumatic stress after childbirth. Because most pregnant women invited declined to participate, also non-pregnant women were included. One pregnant and three not pregnant women with PSTD after childbirth were treated with EMDR. All clients reported reduction of posttraumatic stress after treatment. The results suggest that EMDR might be a useful tool in the treatment of non-pregnant women severely traumatic by childbirth, but our study has several limitations. Further research and a randomized controlled study are recommended.

Keywords: Childbirth Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

175. Doner, K. (1994, September). EMDR: Miracle cure or sleight of hand? . . . Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. American Health, 13(7), 78-79.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Thousands of victims of phobias, rape, childhood abuse, natural disasters, and combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder have benefited from a controversial new treatment called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Developed in the late 1980s by psychologist Francine Shapiro, EMDR involves having patients move their eyes back and forth, following a practitioner's fingers, while the practitioner evokes an image or feeling about a specific trauma. Shapiro speculates that the method may unlock traumatic feelings and pictures from the nervous system because the eye movements in EMDR are similar to movements that occur during REM sleep, which is when the brain processes disturbing memories. Researchers are currently trying to measure the effectiveness of EMDR, which is used by an estimated 7,000 therapists across the U.S. Some critics dismiss EMDR as pop psychology promoted by hucksters.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

176. Balbo, M. (2006). EMDR: Uno strumento di dialogo fra le psicoterapie [EMDR: A tool for dialogue among the psychotherapies]. Milano: McGraw-Hill.

Language: Italian

Format: Book

Abstract:
Negli ultimi anni, con l’affermarsi dell’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) come approccio terapeutico consolidato, sono stati formati nel mondo più di 80.000 terapeuti di matrice psicoterapeutica diversa, 1600 soltanto in Italia. Un così ampio interesse per questo metodo potrebbe far rilevare che proprio nell’EMDR i terapeuti, seppure di differente formazione, abbiano ricercato e intravisto uno strumento per poter avviare un dialogo, costruttivo e non soltanto oppositivo, iniziando a considerare la patologia attraverso un nuovo e integrante punto di vista. Il paradigma dell’Elaborazione Adattiva dell’Informazione messo a punto da Francine Shapiro parte dal presupposto che i fenomeni patologici dipendono da esperienze disturbanti del passato che avviano un modello permanente di emozioni, cognizioni, comportamenti e le strutture di identità che ne conseguono. Il paradigma, pertanto, offre una teoria unificante che può essere considerata come substrato per tutti gli orientamenti terapeutici quando si definisce la patologia come informazione immagazzinata in modo disfunzionale e che può essere adeguatamente integrata attraverso un sistema di elaborazione e risoluzione adattiva, attivato attraverso il protocollo EMDR. Questo è il primo testo che affronti il tema assai vivo e di attualità dell’integrazione fra i diversi orientamenti psicoterapeutici attraverso un metodo eclettico quale l’EMDR. I contributi degli autori - rappresentanti delle principali scuole di pensiero attualmente presenti nel mondo della psicoterapia italiana - tracciano un percorso di lettura che dimostra come i costrutti teorici e il protocollo EMDR siano compatibili ed efficacemente integrabili con i maggiori nuclei teorici, tradizionali e innovativi. E sono proprio l’elaborazione dei vissuti e i nuovi e più adattivi insight dei pazienti che si attivano attraverso l’approccio EMDR a poter consentire ai terapeuti di capirsi e di utilizzare un linguaggio comune.

In recent years, with l’affermarsi dell’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) as consolidated therapeutic approach have been trained in the world of 80,000 practitioners of different psicoterapeutica array, 1600 only in Italy. A so broad interest for this method could detect that your nell’EMDR therapists, albeit different training, have looked up and saw a tool to be able to start a constructive dialogue and not only oppositivo, beginning to consider the disease through a new and an integral point of view. The Adaptive Information Processing model paradigm made to point by Francine Shapiro part from the assumption that the pathological phenomena depend on disturbing experiences of the past that initiate a permanent model of emotions, knowledge, attitudes and structures of identity that it entails. The paradigm, therefore, provides a unifying theory that can be considered as a substrate for all therapeutic guidelines when you define the pathology as information stored so dysfunctional and can be adequately integrated through a system of processing and adaptive resolution activated through the EMDR protocol. This is the first text that tackles the issue very live and topical dell’integrazione between the different psychotherapy guidelines through an eclectic method such as EMDR. Contributions by authors - representatives of major schools of thought are currently in the world of Italian psychotherapy - draw a path of reading that shows how the theoretical constructs and EMDR Protocol are compatible and effectively integrate with the more theoretical, traditional and innovative nuclei. And its elaboration of the living and the new and more adaptive insight of patients that trigger through EMDR to allow practitioners understand you and use a common language.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

177. Shapiro, F. (2008, May). EMDR: 21st-century therapy and the possibilities for healing. Presentation at the Academy for Guided Imagery Conference.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has been so well researched that it is now recommended as a front line treatment for trauma in the Practice Guidelines of American Psychiatric Association, and those of the Department of Defense and of Veterans Affairs. It is an integrative psychotherapy that offers a new and distinct approach to personality development and the treatment of pathology. The clinical applications of EMDR with an information processing focus can be used as a general model of psychotherapy addressing a full range of issues of everyday clinical practice, including family therapy impasses. Increasingly, research evidence is showing that there’s a kind of psychological change that can happen at the level of adaptive information processing, opening up the possibility of powerful therapeutic effects that can exceed expectations both in the speed and depth of their impact. In this presentation, you’ll get an experience of the implicit and associational memory networks that govern our feelings, thoughts, and reactions outside the realm of rational thought. You’ll learn how EMDR and the Adaptive Information Processing model apply not only to trauma, but also to personality disorders, depression, chronic pain, sexual compulsivity, and other dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts. EMDR group protocols will be illustrated that have been used worldwide after both natural and man-made disasters. It is believed that the treatment of trauma through networks of clinicians can aid in breaking the cycle of violence worldwide.

Keywords: Webcast

Accuracy Verified: Yes

178. Morris-Smith, J. (2002). EMDR: A case for pre-verbal memory?. In J. Morris-Smith, (Ed.), EMDR : Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 23-29) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The use of EMDR with children aged 4 years and over who have been exposed to physical abuse, disasters and other traumatic incidents in their infancy and early childhood is beginning to reveal some interesting material. The characteristics of the play and behaviours of traumatized young children were described by Terr (1991). It is suggested that the use of EMDR as a treatment approach is indicative that long-term retention for pre-verbal traumatic events does occur for children traumatised in infancy and perhaps even in the womb. This presentation presents two cases treated by EMDR in which it appears that the children are accessing and processing experiences that occurred too early in development to be encoded with language. EMDR helps these children access and process very early traumatisation and in some cases they are then able to report on them verbally. It is hypothesized that the EMDR technique helps create a verbal narrative for the early memories, and that this allows the child to process and integrate their sensations, emotions and cognitions within a more coherent personal biography. The ability of EMDR to help a child to process and bring to resolution hitherto almost inaccessible infantile memories particularly those relating to abuse, has enormous implications for the child's ability to move on and form healthier attachments and more construction behaviour patterns. It suggests new avenues for research into infantile traumatic memories and their impact on the developing child.

Keywords: Memory Occasional Paper Pre-verbal

Accuracy Verified: Yes

179. Quinn, G. (2013, May). EMDR: Immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Disasters Emergency Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

180. Quinn, G., & Zucker, D. (2008, June). Emergency EMDR & ERP (Emergency Response Procedure): Treatment following natural man made disasters for victims experiencing immediate high stress and including the period of ASD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is believed that PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated early. Although usually used at a later time, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) Disaster Manual, was developed to deal with victims of natural and man made disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to these clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing Debriefing and ERP. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors of the earthquake in Turkey and the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war in Israel. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented and followed by a practicum. [There are 2 PDF files.]

Keywords: Emergency Response Procedure ERP

Accuracy Verified: Yes

181. Quinn, G. (2007, March). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the Fifth annual EMDR UK & Ireland Conference, Glasgow, Scotland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The workshop on Emergency EMDR will give an overview of crisis intervention and principles of critical incident debriefing following man made and natural disasters. There will be a review of the Neurobiology of Stress and PTSD. The various protocols of EMDR will be discussed such as the standard Protocol, the Recent Events Protocol and the group protocol. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), that can be used within hours of a traumatic Incident, will be discussed with case examples demonstrating its usefulness in many cases of Acute Stress Reaction and Disorder. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. All of this will be discussed with case examples of victims treated after terrorist attacks and war in Israel and after the Tsunami in 2004. There will be a practicum on Group EMDR.

Keywords: Katyushas, Man-Made Disasters Terrorist Bombings Tsunami

Accuracy Verified: Yes

182. Quinn, G. (2007, June). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the World Psychatric Association Meeting, Seoul, Korea.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Emergency EMDR Man-Made Disasters Natural Disasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

183. Quinn, G. (2007, June). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established theory for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) Disaster Manual and developed to deal with victims of terror within hours of exposure to trauma, will be discussed and taught. Participants will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma utilizing Debriefing and ERP. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and PTSD with survivors of the earthquake in Turkey and the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror in Jerusalem and those in bomb shelters during the last Lebanon war. In this presentation, the Recent Events Protocol will be reexamined with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. The EMDR Group Protocol, used with large numbers of disaster victims needing simultaneous treatment, will be presented and followed by a practicum.

Keywords: Emergency EMDR Man-Made Disasters Natural Disasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

184. Quinn, G. (2009). Emergency response procedure. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 271-276). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was initially developed to help victims within hours of a terrorist attack, but can be applied in the immediate aftermath of any trauma. Patients may present with "silent terror," shaking and inability to speak, or if they are verbal, often they are in a highly agitated state. The procedure has been used in the emergency room and during hospitalization. It is also appropriate for immediate intervention at the scene of critical incidents such as car accidents, earthquakes, natural or man-made disasters, and in ambulances. While taking an initial history, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR, ERP can be put into effect if patients suddenly abreact. This procedure presumes familiarity with the Standard EMDR Protocol of which it is an adaptation. Clinicians highly experienced in dealing with patients immediately after a traumatic event—who are not familiar with EMDR—will still benefit from this report. Note: This procedure has not received official sanctioning from the EMDR Institute and has not been validated by research. This procedure can only be considered after all medical needs have been evaluated or treated. The Emergency Response Procedure Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: Emergency Response Procedure Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

185. Grand, D. (1998). Emerging from the coffin: Treatment of a masochistic personality disorder. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications (1st ed.) (pp. 65-90). New York: W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
"Dan" was a 48-year old married man who, despite ten years of psychoanalytic treatment, awakened every morning with the image of lying dead in a coffin. This dovetailed with his experience of daily life as devoid of meaning and pleasure. Despite his apparent relentless suffering and preoccupation with death, Dan reported never having been actively suicidal. In fact, his life appeared to be oddly homeostatic. He sought out therapy at the urging of his wife, who was exasperated by his pervasive negativity. This case illustrates the successful use of longer-term EMDR charactered by the multiple sessions and many months to fully reprocess individual protocols. Treatment was completed, with Dan free of coffin fantasies and capable of experiencing hope, joy and purpose for the first time in his life. His positive response, over time, indicates that individuals with characterological defenses can process, albeit incrementally, difficult material and ultimately reach a level of full resolution. Since my success with Dan, I have replicated this startling outcome with numerous clients in periods ranging from 9 to 18 months. This was inconceivable for me in my pre-EMDR days when many years of treatment yielded far more limited results. [Text, pp. 66-67]

Keywords: Adults Americans Case Report Life Experiences Males Personality Disorders Psychotherapeutic Processes Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

186. Grainger, R., Levin, C., Allen-Byrd, L., Doctor, R., & Lee, H. (1997, October). An empirical evaluation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with survivors of a natural disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10(4), 665-671. doi:10.1023/A:1024806105473.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Controlled studies of treatments effective with victims of natural disasters are almost nonexistent. This is a small study conducted under difficult conditions to test the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treating trauma related reactions following Hurricane Andrew. The results were positive in that EMDR produced significant improvement over wait list controls in perceived posttraumatic avoidance behaviors and thoughts as measured by changes in the Impact of Event Scale and significant improvement in subjective aversive reactions to representative experiences of the hurricane. These results suggest and support other studies that EMDR can be an effective therapeutic intervention for trauma reactions. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Disaster Effects Empirical Study Hurricane Andrew (1992) Hurricanes Longitudinal Study Non-Randomized Study Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

187. Lohr, J., Kleinknecht, R., Tolin, D., & Barrett, R. (1995, December). The empirical status of the clinical application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26(4), 285-302. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00041-0.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The published reports of the clinical application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are reviewed in terms of empirical validity. Case studies, single-subject experiments and group design experiments on clinical problems are evaluated for the effectiveness of the protocol, component effects, comparative effects and treatment fidelity. Classification of disorders and measurement issues are addressed. The protocol frequently reduces verbal report and independent observer ratings of distress - strikingly in some instances. Psychophysiologic measures show little effect of treatment. There is little empirical evidence to indicate the effect of treatment on motoric or behavioral indices. Eye movements do not appear to be an essential component of treatment, and there have been no substantial comparisons with other treatments. No studies have adequately controlled for nonspecific (placebo) effects of treatment. Suggestions are made for applying improved methodological controls for future applications of EMDR to clinical disorders. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

188. Leone, J., & Dayton, J. (1994). Enhance EMDR outcome through additional saccades: Case study. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(1), 5-6.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
A 47-year-old, self-employed businessman, referred for treatment after a near fatal heart attack, was treated with EMDR 6 months after the trauma, and 4 months following his introduction to psychotherapy. though financially successful, he continued to be "driven" toward seeking acclamation from his colleagues. The physician who made the referral did so on the assumption that this client required a significant life style change to decrease stress and workaholic behavior.

Keywords: Saccades

Accuracy Verified: Yes

189. Ernst, E. (2004, August). Ephedra alkaloids and brief relapse in EMDR-treated obsessive compulsive disorder, Reply. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110(2), 159. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00369.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Reply by the current author to the comments made by E.M. Corrigan and J. Jennett (see record 2004-16054-010) on the original article (see record 2003-05653-002). They describe a 29-year-old woman with an obsessive compulsive disorder relapse following ingestion of herbal products containing ephedra alkaloids. This case report highlights a number of points which can be important for psychiatric practice: our patients often see herbal remedies as risk-free additions to their conventional treatments; in reality, however, they can contain powerful ingredients with potential to harm. One may love or hate complementary medicine, but vis-à-vis its popularity with our patients it seems an ethical imperative to know the essentials about it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Comment Ephedra alkaloids Letter Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Relapse Reply

Accuracy Verified: Yes

190. Kitchen, R. H. (1992, December). Erratum and clarification. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(2), 9-10.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
In my article, "Relapse Therapy" in the EMDR Network Newsletter (Vol. 1, No. 2, December 1992), I made reference to a study done by Cynthia Downing, Ph.D. - "Surrender to Powerlessness and Its Relationship to Relapse in Recovering should have read 41 out of 50 Alcoholics" (1991), which was part of chronic relapsers.

Keywords: Relapse Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

191. Stofsel, M. (2005, November). Ervaringen met EMDR bij complex trauma [Experience with complex trauma and EMDR]. Presentatie op het Eerste Congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Binnen de instelling waar ik werk, het SinaiCentrum (gespecialiseerd in de behandeling van de psychische gevolgen van structureel geweld bij slachtoffers van de tweede wereldoorlog (concentratiekampoverlevende, jappenkampoverlevenden, verzetsmensen, burgeroorlogsgetroffenen), de tweede generatie, vluchtelingen, asielzoekers en veteranen uit recente oorlogsgebieden treffen wij vooral type 2 trauma/complex trauma aan. De afgelopen drie jaar heb ik een ruime ervaring opgegaan met de toepassing van EMDR bij deze doelgroepen.
De toepassing van EMDR bij type 2 trauma is een nog relatief nieuw gebeid. In deze lezing wil ik stilstaan bij de ervaringen met betrekking tot - de indicatiestelling en diagnostiek, - stabilisatiefase, therapeutische relatie en de organisatorische inbedding hiervan, - keuzes met betrekking tot de te bewerken situaties en hoe beelden van mekaar te onderscheiden, - abrecations, - aantal sessies, - de taaiheid en soms moeizame vooruitgang, - verwevenheid met andere problematiek, - de fouten die gemaakt kunnen worden.
Ik zal een ander illustreren met enig video-materiaal Daarna gelegenheid tot diskussie.

Within the institution where I work, the Sinai Center specializing in the treatment of psychological consequences of structural violence in victims of WWII (concentration camp survivor, Japanese camp survivors, resisters, civil war victims), second generation refugees, asylum seekers and veterans of recent war zones we especially take Type 2 trauma / complex trauma. In the last three years I have extensive experience in applying EMDR absorbed by these groups.
The application of EMDR in type 2 trauma is a relatively new gebeid. In this lecture, I want to experience on - The indication and diagnostics, - Stabilization phase, therapeutic relationship and the organizational embedding of this, - Choices about the situations and how to edit images of each to distinguish - Abrecations, - Number of sessions, - The toughness and sometimes painful progress - Integration with other problems, - The mistakes that can be made.
I will illustrate with some video material with the opportunity for discussion afterwards.

Keywords: Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

192. Simonetta, E. (2010). Esperienze traumatiche di vita in età evolutiva. EMDR come terapia [Traumatic experiences of life in children: EMDR as a treatment]. Milan, Italy: Angeli, ISBN: 9788856823080 885682308X.

Language: Italian

Format: Book

Abstract:
L’EMDR è un metodo clinico innovativo che rientra nell’ambito delle terapie brevi e si è rivelato molto efficace nell’intervento delle sintomatologie che si sviluppano in seguito a un’esperienza traumatica o dopo traumi ripetuti. Questo libro nasce con l’intenzione di presentare alcune esperienze, realizzate nel nostro paese, relative all’applicazione della metodologia terapeutica EMDR con soggetti in età evolutiva.

EMDR is an innovative clinical method that is part of the short-term therapies and has proved very effective intervention of the symptoms that develop after a traumatic experience, or after repeated trauma. This book was created with the intention to present some experiences made in our country, relating to the application of the methodology with subjects EMDR therapy in children and adolescents.

Keywords: Children Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

193. Morris-Smith, J. (2011, June). The European EMDR shrinking protocol for children and adolesence: Development, theoretical considerations and clinical insights. Pre-conference presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The development of the Shrinking Protocol and its application has given rise to many interesting questions relating to the nature of trauma in childhood including whether pre-verbal trauma exists and is treatable; what constitutes a trauma in childhood; how does attachment and family dynamics affect EMDR therapy; what is dissociation in childhood and how can it be managed in EMDR therapy; what are the effects of chronic long-term traumatisation in early childhood and how soon can these be addressed. Also interesting questions have included how does it get integrated with other therapeutic modes and when to start. Further interesting discoveries have also been made when applying it to special groups, for example children with ASD and other developmental and medical conditions. EMDR therapy for children and adolescents is now being found to have very wide-ranging applications. This workshop will describe the evolution of the Shrinking Protocol which was based on the earlier work of Tinker & Wilson (1999) and demonstrate some of its different applications and uses with different conditions which will be illustrated with video clips. It also will demonstrate how EMDR therapy has led to new insights into the nature of traumatisation in childhood and suggest potential new directions for research and therapy.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Shrinking Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

194. Rosa-Uribe, M. E., & Ramírez, E. O. L. (2011). Evaluación de la naturaleza cognitiva dual de la depresión bajo la psicoterapia EMDR [Assessment of cognitive dual nature of EMDR psychotherapy on depression]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicotraumatología y Disociación, 1(1), [29 pages].

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con personas que fueron diagnosticadas con depresión mayor y que participaron en un proceso terapéutico EMDR (por sus siglas en inglés -Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing-). La recolección de datos se realizó en la práctica clínica mediante el diseño de estudios de caso longitudinales, dentro de los cuales se consideraron a la vez dos tipos de estudios cognitivos, organizados en tres fases (inicial, intermedia y final). Los estudios cuasiexperimentales, de identificación de valencia emocional bajo el paradigma de facilitación afectiva, se realizaron para observar los cambios en el mecanismo de sesgo cognitivo emocional sobre las palabras depresogénicas. Por su parte los estudios descriptivos, de análisis de representación emocional depresogénica bajo la técnica de escalamiento multidimensional y de escalamiento PathFinder, se utilizaron para determinar la forma en la que el esquema disfuncional era modificado. Los resultados muestran que EMDR impactó tanto el procesamiento cognitivo de la información emocional, como la organización conceptual en memoria a largo plazo. En la sección de la discusión se hacen señalamientos interesantes sobre la integración de las herramientas de la ciencia cognitiva de la emoción a la práctica del EMDR para la evaluación cognitiva dual (implícita/explícita) de la recuperación de la depresión.

This research was conducted with people who were diagnosed with major depression who participated in a therapeutic process EMDR (for short English-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing-). Data collection is performed in clinical practice by designing longitudinal case studies, within which were considered simultaneously two types of cognitive studies, organized in three phases (initial, intermediate and final). Quasi studies, the identification of emotional valence in the affective priming paradigm were conducted to observe the changes in the mechanism of emotional cognitive bias on the words depressogenic. For their part, descriptive studies, analysis of emotional representation depresogénica under the multidimensional scaling technique and scaling PathFinder, were used to determine the manner in which the pattern was dysfunctional modified. The results show that both EMDR impacted cognitive processing emotional information, such as conceptual organization in long term memory. in the discussion section of the interesting remarks are made on the integration of tools of cognitive science of emotion to the practice of EMDR for the evaluation cognitive dual (implicit / explicit) of recovery of depression.

Keywords: Affective Priming Cognition Depression, Depressive Patterns Emotion

Accuracy Verified: Yes

195. Schottenbauer, M. A. (2006). Expert therapists and practicing clinicians: Reported prototypical treatments of trauma. The Catholic University of America. AAT 3239353.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
PTSD is a frequent psychiatric response to a variety of extreme psychological stressors. While several effective treatments for PTSD such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have been included on lists of empirically supported treatments, nonresponse rates to these treatments can be high. According to patient report, psychodynamic interventions are more common than CBT for PTSD in the community, yet only one randomized controlled trial has included a psychodynamic treatment for PTSD. This dissertation reviews the treatment dropout and non-response rates in studies of empirically supported treatments for PTSD. Next, a case for the value of psychodynamic treatment of PTSD is made, utilizing empirical research on links between the psychopathology of PTSD and psychodynamic concepts such as defenses and relationship patterns. Then, an empirical study was conducted to find out how psychodynamic and CBT therapists treat patients with PTSD, to discover commonalities and defining characteristics of treatment within each group of respondents, and to delineate the unique contributions of psychodynamic psychotherapy to the treatment of such patients.Therapists who identified themselves primarily with psychodynamic/psychoanalytic or cognitive-behavioral theoretical orientations were recruited online through professional organization listservs. They were randomly presented one of four case studies, describing variations on trauma. Participants then completed a Psychotherapy Process Q-Sort to describe quantitatively their ideal treatment of the given patient. Results indicated many similarities among clinicians of widely different perspectives. Among clinicians who indicated that their primary theoretical orientation was psychodynamic, three prototypical treatments were discovered, and among clinicians who indicated that their primary theoretical orientation was cognitive-behavioral, four prototypical treatments were found. Overall, the prototypes in the current study were correlated with, but not identical to, prototypes of PD, CBT, or interpersonal therapy (IPT) developed in previous studies based on experts' ratings. While the literature has suggested that clinicians who treat patients who have PTSD may make alterations in their techniques to address issues that are specific to PTSD, the current study provides some evidence that therapists are not aware of how their treatment for trauma is different from the theoretical approaches they endorse. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 67(10-B), 2007, pp. 6077.

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Empirical Study Health Personnel Attitudes Mental Health Personnel Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

196. Lee, C., Gavriel, H., & Richards, J. (1996, November). Eye movement desensitisation: Past research, complexities, and future directions. Australian Psychologist, 31(3), 168-173. doi:10.1080/00050069608260202.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper reviews the present state of knowledge about the efficacy of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for traumatic memories, and draws on information-processing theory to identify basic problems with much of the research on this procedure. The general failure of this research to take into account the complexity and hypothesised theoretical underpinnings of EMDR is discussed, and suggestions are made for future research. Although EMDR has shown some promise as an effective intervention for PTSD, well controlled comparative outcome studies are required to establish its efficacy before investigation of its active therapeutic components should be undertaken. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Emotional Trauma Literature Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

197. van Trier, J. (2000). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) als behandeling bij posttraumatische stress-stoornis Een gevalsbeschrijving [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 42(8), 613-617.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Desensibilisatie Eye Movement and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een effectieve behandeling voor posttraumatische stress-stoornis. Een case-studie is een man die was opgesloten in zijn auto onder water. De negatieve cognitie: ik ben verloren, wordt omgezet in: ik kom eruit. Na een sessie alle symptomen verdwenen. Follow-up na een jaar bleek geen terugval.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (emdr) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. A case study presents a man who had been trapped in his car under water. The negative cognition: I'm lost, is transformed in: I'll come out of it. After one session all symptoms disappeared. Follow-up after one year showed no relapse.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

198. Fernandez, I. (2001, Aprile). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(1), 35.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L'articolo di J. Wolpe e J. Abrams presenta un caso trattato nel 1991 con Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), erano le prime applicazioni cliniche dopo la scoperta di F. Shapiro nel 1989 dell'azione dei movimenti oculari sullo stress traumatico e sulle situazioni ansiogene. Negli anni successivi l'EMD è diventato EMDR, infatti, la desensibilizzazione è il primo effetto che avviene durante una seduta dove viene applicata la stimolazione bilaterale, ma successivamente l'osservazione massiccia ed approfondita degli effetti clinici di questo metodo terapeutico ha rivelato che il processo che avviene è molto più complesso. È stato notato che simultaneamente alla desensibilizzazione avviene una ristrutturazione cognitiva e che entrambe sono il risultato dell'elaborazione dell'informazione legata ai ricordi traumatici. Nel lavoro realizzato con la paziente Shirley, Wolpe descrive tutta la storia di terapie a cui era stata sottoposta fino a quel momento che però non erano riuscite ad affrontare e risolvere l'esperienza traumatica della violenza sessuale. L'EMDR è stato efficace perché ha lavorato sul piano neurofisiologico, dove l'informazione è immagazzinata in modo disfunzionale ed è accessibile soltanto a questo livello, infatti, le terapie prettamente verbali non sempre riescono ad accedere e ad agire su questo piano e di conseguenza non riescono a modificare gli aspetti clinici legati alle esperienze di stress traumatico. Il programma terapeutico di Wolpe per l'introduzione dell'EMDR si è focalizzato inizialmente sull'esperienza traumatica della violenza (2 sedute) e dopo aver elaborato l'esperienza in sé sono stati individuati altri bisogni terapeutici legati all'ansia sociale e agli spunti agorafobici. Le 5 sedute successive sono state utilizzate per la desensibilizzazione di una serie di situazioni a cui era stato attribuito dalla paziente un valore della scala SUD. Si è iniziato dalla situazione più ansiogena (85) nella scala SUD e anziché utilizzare il rilassamento proprio della desensibilizzazione sistematica, sono stati realizzati movimenti oculari. La paziente riportava una riduzione dell'ansia dopo ogni set di stimolazione bilaterale e l'immagine della situazione temuta tendeva a sparire e in alcune situazioni addirittura diventava positiva. La ristrutturazione cognitiva è avvenuta nella paziente in modo spontaneo man mano che la terapia procedeva, fino a riportare che poteva camminare per strada sentendosi una cittadina normale, avendo un progetto per il futuro, inoltre aveva smesso quasi completamente di bere e si sentiva che un peso si era sollevato dalle sue spalle. Riportava di essere più rilassata sul lavoro, si godeva le passeggiate solitarie sulla spiaggia, aveva cominciato a curare il suo aspetto fisico e aveva iniziato ad avere interesse per gli uomini e ad avvicinarsi a qualcuno, ha riportato che non temeva più di essere violentata e non aveva più i pensieri suicidi e gli autori hanno ritenuto la terapia conclusa. I risultati si sono mantenuti ai vari follow up realizzati nel tempo. Quindi possiamo vedere i risultati della terapia con EMDR a livello cognitivo, nelle attribuzioni che fa del mondo e di se stessa, differenziando i pericoli veri da quelli meramente ansiogeni, soggettivo per quello che la paziente riporta emotivamente e a livello comportamentale, dove ha messo in atto dei nuovi comportamenti adattivi in modo spontaneo. Nella parte conclusiva gli autori menzionano una serie di 100 casi che sarebbero stati pubblicati nel Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry e si augurano che altre pubblicazioni potessero rispondere al bisogno di delucidare i meccanismi che permettono questi cambiamenti dopo una seduta di EMDR. Come si evince dagli articoli che vengono pubblicati in questo numero la ricerca, il lavoro empirico e le osservazioni cliniche hanno dato un grande contributo in questo senso negli ultimi anni. Sull'EMDR sono stati pubblicati più di 150 articoli che ne dimostrano la efficacia. Tra le riviste scientifiche più accreditate dove sono pubblicati dei lavori di ricerca sull'EMDR troviamo: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Journal of Behaviour and experimental psychiatry, Behavioural and Cognitive psychotherapy, Behaviour Therapy, Journal of traumatic stress, The Clinical Psychologist, Journal of Psychotherapy integration, Harvard Mental Health letter, Journal of Clinical psychology, Psychotherapy, British Journal of Psychiatry, International Journal of Psychiatry. Inoltre, sono stati pubblicati libri e manuali per terapeuti tradotti in varie lingue (in Italia dall'Astrolabio e dalla Mc Graw Hill Italia). Inoltre, recentemente, l'International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) ha stabilito e comunicato che l'EMDR è uno dei metodi terapeutici più rapidi ed efficaci per superare e risolvere il disturbo post-traumatico da stress.

The article by J. Wolpe, J. Abrams has a case treated in 1991 with Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), were the first clinical applications since the discovery of F. Shapiro in 1989 of the eye movements on traumatic stress and anxiety-provoking situations. In subsequent years the EMD became EMDR, in fact, the first effect is the desensitization that occurs during a session where the stimulation is applied bilaterally, but then observing massive and thorough clinical effects of this therapy revealed that the process that takes place is much more complex. It was noted that desensitization occurs simultaneously with a cognitive restructuring, and that both are the result of information related to traumatic memories. In work done with the patient Shirley, Wolpe describes the history of therapies that had been subjected up to that point but had failed to address and resolve the traumatic experience of sexual violence. EMDR was effective because he worked on the neurophysiological level, where information is stored in a dysfunctional and is accessible only at this level, in fact, purely verbal therapies are not always able to access and act on this plan and therefore can not modify the clinical aspects related to the experience of traumatic stress. The treatment plan for the introduction of Wolpe EMDR focused initially traumatic experience of violence (2 sessions) and after processing the experience itself more therapeutic needs were identified related to social anxiety and agoraphobic cues . 5 The subsequent sessions were used for the desensitization of a variety of situations to which the patient was given a value of SUD scale. It was started by the most anxiety-inducing situation (85) in the scale instead of using SUD and their relaxation in systematic desensitization, eye movements were made. The patient reported a reduction in anxiety after each set of bilateral stimulation and the image of the feared situation, and tended to disappear in some situations even became positive. The cognitive restructuring has taken place in the patient spontaneously as the therapy progressed, he could bring up to walk down the street feeling like a normal citizen, having a vision for the future, also had almost completely stopped drinking and felt that a weight had lifted from his shoulders. Reported to be more relaxed at work, enjoyed solitary walks on the beach, he began to treat her physical appearance and had started to have interest to men and to approach someone, reported that no longer feared being raped and not had more suicidal thoughts and the authors have considered the therapy ended. The results were maintained at various follow-up made in time. So we can see the results of EMDR therapy at the cognitive level, which is within the functions of the world and of itself, differentiating the real dangers than mere anxiety, subjective to what the patient experiences emotional and behavioral level, where he implemented of new adaptive behaviors in a spontaneous way. In the concluding section the authors refer to a series of 100 cases were published in the Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry and hope that other publications might respond to the need to elucidate the mechanisms that allow these changes after a session of EMDR. It is clear from articles published in this issue the research, the empirical work and clinical observations have given a great contribution in this direction in recent years. EMDR has been published over 150 articles which demonstrate its effectiveness. Among the most accredited scientific journals which are published on EMDR research work are: the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Journal of Behavior and Experimental Psychiatry, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Behaviour Therapy , Journal of Traumatic Stress, The Clinical Psychologist, Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, Harvard Mental Health Letter, American Journal of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, British Journal of Psychiatry, International Journal of Psychiatry. Were also published books and manuals for therapists translated into several languages (in Italy and the McGraw Hill dall'Astrolabio Italy). In addition, recently, the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) has established and communicated that EMDR is one of the fastest and most effective treatment methods to overcome and resolve the post-traumatic stress disorder.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

199. Mevissen, L. (2008). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme, (3), 123-135.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
D. is altijd al bang geweest om alleen met het openbaar vervoer te reizen, vooral vanwege al die vreemde mensen die naar haar kijken. Sinds ze in een volle metro door een man is bedreigd durft ze niet meer zelfstandig met de metro naar haar werk. Moeder: “we zijn weer terug bij af”. Gebrek aan zelfrefectie, onvermogen om een therapeutische relatie aan te gaan, problemen in de communicatie, de angst dat klachten juist gaan toenemen met misschien wel decompensatie tot gevolg; het zijn veel gebruikte argumenten om af te zien van psychotherapie bij mensen met een ASS. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een vrij nieuwe behandelmethode met een sterk geprotocolleerde werkwijze die zich duidelijk onderscheidt van veel andere methoden die een beroep doen op vaardigheden waar mensen met een ASS per defnitie in tekort schieten. Zou EMDR perspectieven kunnen bieden als het gaat om psychotherapie bij cliënten met een ASS en comorbide stoornissen, die zijn ontstaan ten gevolge van ingrijpende gebeurtenissen?

D. is a normally gifted young adult woman with Asperger syndrome. She has always been afraid to be alone on public transport to travel, especially because of all those strange people who look at her. Since they are in a full subway is threatened by a man she dares not own the subway to her job. Mother: "We're back to square one". Lack zelfrefectie, inability to enter a therapeutic relationship, problems in communication, just the fear that complaints will increase by perhaps decompensation result, they are commonly used arguments to refrain from psychotherapy for people with ASD. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new treatment with a strong protocolled method clearly differs from many other methods that rely on skills that people with ASD in a defnitie fail. EMDR perspectives might offer in terms of psychotherapy for clients with ASD and comorbid disorders that have arisen as a result of traumatic events?

Keywords: Asperger's Autistic Spectrum Disorders Stress Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

200. Wilensky, M. (2006). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for phantom limb pain. Journal of Brief Therapy, 5(1), 31-44.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Five consecutive cases of phantom limb pain were treated with EMDR. The time since the amputation ranged from one week to three years. Four of the five clients completed the prescribed treatment and reported that pain was completely eliminated, or reduced to a negligible level. The one client who stopped treatment chose to do so after reducing his pain by one half. The standard EMDR treatment protocol was used to target the accident that caused the amputation, and other related events. The five cases are described in detail. The treatment and theoretical implications are explored and recommendations are made for future research.

Keywords: Phantom Limb Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

201. Reyes, M. A. (1999, October). The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) program: intervention for children with posttraumatic stress disorder. Carlos Albizu University, Miami, FL. AAT 9925128.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This dissertation examines research pertaining to the diagnosis and characteristics of childhood Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), natural disasters, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) theory and technique in children. In addition, the effectiveness of EMDR theory and technique related to childhood PTSD is reviewed. The purpose of this study is to develop a program within a school setting suitable for children diagnosed with PTSD as a result of having witnessed, confronted, or experienced a natural disaster. The program is referred to as the EMDR Program or the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Program. An attempt was made to be like no other programs related to children and natural disasters researched. The program's goal is to design a program that investigates the effectiveness of EMDR theory and technique related to children who have developed PTSD as a result of being exposed to a hurricane, tornado, flood, earthquake, or fire. The objectives of this program include creating a safe environment in order to help children reprocess their traumatic experiences within a short period of time utilizing EMDR with age appropriate alterations as suggested by Shapiro (1995) and Greenwald (1997). The philosophy of this program is based on an Accelerated Information Processing Model. The EMDR program established an admission criteria and a means of monitoring the progress of each child. An evaluation and budget were also proposed as a guide, were this design be implemented. Overall, it was believed that by utilizing EMDR with age appropriate alterations, the EMDR program would help children overcome their PTSD symptoms related to their traumatic experiences involving natural disasters within a short period of time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(4-B), Oct 1999, pp. 1869.

Keywords: Children Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

202. Wittje-Berger, T. (2012). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) zur belastungsreduzierung bei kindern und jugendlichen in der integrativen lerntherapie [And reprocessing eye movement desensitization (EMDR) for stress reduction in children and adolescents in integrative learning therapy]. Aachen Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Die Autorin untersucht in ihrer Forschungsarbeit den Einsatz der EMDR-Methode innerhalb der integrativen Lerntherapie zur gezielten Belastungsreduzierung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die EMDR-Methode gilt als effektives Psychotherapieverfahren insbesondere für posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. Für die EMDR-Arbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen werden weitere wissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeiten gefordert. Dazu leistet die vorliegende Pilotstudie ihren Beitrag. Die EMDR-Therapie bietet einen methodenübergreifenden Zugang. In dieser Untersuchung wurde der Versuch unternommen, die Belastungen und Auffälligkeiten der Kinder und Jugendlichen mit einem neuen (innovativen) lern- und psychotherapeutischen Therapiekonzept (Integrative Lerntherapie plus EMDR-Therapie) zu behandeln. ...In der ?Fazitfrage? zur Einschätzung der Belastung ihrer Kinder bemerkten die Eltern am Ende des Behandlungszeitraums mit EMDR eine signifikante Verringerung der Belastungen. Bei der Intervention ohne EMDR gab es nur geringfügige Veränderungen, die sogar auf eine leicht stärkere Belastung hinwiesen. Die Daten verdeutlichen, dass die durch die Eltern wahrgenommenen Belastungen ihrer Kinder nur bei zusätzlicher EMDR-Therapie reduziert wurden. Zusammenfassend sprechen die Erfahrungen mit der praktischen Durchführung der EMDR-Behandlungen innerhalb der integrativen Lerntherapie für das vorliegende Behandlungskonzept. Ein positiver Einfluss der EMDR-Therapie auf die Reduzierung von Belastungssymptomen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten sowie auf bessere schulische Leistungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen scheint gegeben. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse könnten sich im Rahmen eines Gesamtbehandlungsplanes als praxisrelevant für lerntherapeutische Institutionen und für den kreativen Einsatz der EMDR-Methode erweisen. Darüber hinaus ermutigen sie zur weiteren Forschung und Durchführung künftiger Projekte.

The author examines the use of their research in EMDR in the integrative learning for targeted therapy stress reduction in children and adolescents. The EMDR method is considered effective psychotherapy methods, particularly for post traumatic stress disorder in children, adolescents and adults. For the EMDR work with children and young people, further scientific research will be required. This makes the present pilot study their contribution. The EMDR therapy offers a cross-access methods. In this study, an attempt was made to the stresses and abnormalities in children and adolescents with a new (innovative) approach to learning and psychotherapeutic treatment (therapy plus learning Integrative EMDR therapy) to treat. ...In? Conclusion question? to assess the burden of their children, the parents noticed at the end of the period of treatment with EMDR, a significant reduction of stress. During the intervention without EMDR There were only slight changes were even able to load a slightly stronger. The data show that the perceived pressures from parents to their children only when additional EMDR therapy were reduced. To summarize the experiences speak to the practice of EMDR treatment within the integrative learning therapy for the treatment of this concept. A positive effect of EMDR therapy on the reduction of stress symptoms and behavioral problems as well as improved academic performance in children and adolescents seems to be given. The findings could prove to be part of an overall treatment plan as a practical therapeutic relevance to learning institutions and the creative use of the EMDR method. They also encourage further research and implementation of future projects.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Integrative Play Therapy Stress Reduction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

203. Wittje-Berger, T. (2012). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) zur belastungsreduzierung bei kindern und jugendlichen in der integrativen lerntherapie [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for stress reduction in children and adolescents in the integrative learning therapy]. Zugl: Hamburg University.

Language: German

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: Adolescents Children Integrative Learning Therapy Stress Reduction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

204. Reicherzer, S. (2011). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in counseling a male couple. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 111-120. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.111.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This practice-based article discusses the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in counseling “Paul“ and “Eddie“ (aliases), a couple for 4 years who presented with what they identified as “communication problems.“ Through the use of psychosocial assessments of the men's personal histories, it was determined that Paul's experience of feeling controlled and Eddie's struggles to believe that he mattered in the relationship were linked to traumatic memories in each man's childhood that related to his sexual identity development. EMDR was used to target the men's traumatic memories, alternating between Paul and Eddie. Following each EMDR treatment series, the work was integrated by talking through how the reprocessed material integrated into the overall couple experience, leading to both men's increased satisfaction in the relationship.

Keywords: Couple Counseling Gay Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

205. Forbes, D., Creamer, M., & Rycroft, P. (1994, June). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot study using assessment measures. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(2), 113-120.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Spectacular claims have been made regarding the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of PTSD, but almost entirely on the basis of patients' reports and without objective criteria. This study reports on the treatment of eight patients with a diagnosis of PTSD who received EMDR treatment over four sessions. Assessment measures included two structured interviews, three self-report inventories, and the electromyogram (EMG). Assessments were conducted pre and posttreatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Despite some residual pathology at posttreatment and follow-up, significant improvements were obtained on all measures and across all PTSD symptom clusters. Compared with other treatments of PTSD, change was achieved in far fewer sessions. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Adults Australians Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Release Date Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

206. Krafona, K. (2010). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with individuals with autistic spectrum disorders: Two case reports. The Ghana International Journal of Mental Health, 2(1).

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract: Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) as well as those with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to have mental health problems as well. Many individuals with intellectual disability and ASD do not receive mainstream psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy appears to be making good success among this client group. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is relatively new among the psychological therapies but it has made a great impact in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and anxiety-related problems. In this paper, the use of EMDR with two individuals who had ASD as well as ID is reported and implications for further research delineated.

Keywords: Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

207. Lagerkvist, S. (2009, January 7). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR. ASP Bladet, 1-4.

Language: Swedish

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Hon upptäckte att när hon lät ögonen vandra rytmiskt vandra fram och tillbaks i takt med sitt gående, kunde hon lättare hantera det problem som hon var upptagen av. Shapiro upptäckte på så vis den bilaterala stimuleringens förmåga att lösa upp de blockeringar som hindrade hennes förmåga att hantera problemet. Shapiro utvecklade den metod som kom att kallas EMDR. Kort innebär detta att man via ögonrörelserna ökar hjärnans aktivitet så att blockeringar löses upp och minnena blir mer tillgängliga för bearbetning samtidigt som de också länkas samman med våra övriga minnen till en sammanhängande minnesupplevelse. Vid alltför svåra upplevelser är det just denna integreringsprocess som blir satt ur spel så att det vi upplevt kodas in och lagras som splittrade minnesfragment hopkopplade med de känslor vi upplevde vid traumatillfället.

She discovered that when she let her eyes wander rhythmic walk back and forth as its going, she could better manage the problems that she was busy. Shapiro discovered so thus the bilateral stimulation ability to dissolve the blockages that prevented her ability to handle the problem. Shapiro developed the method that was called EMDR. Brief this means using eye movements increase brain activity so that blockages are dissolved and memories are more accessible for processing, while also linking with our other memories into a coherent memory experience. At too difficult experiences is the precisely this integration process will be put out of action so that our experience is encoded and stored as shattered fragments of memory coupled with the emotions we experienced at the time of trauma.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

208. Kim, D. H., Kim, S.H., & Choi, J. H. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Past, present, and future. Mental Health Research, 21, 155-166..

Language: Korean

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This review paper introduces EMDR, a new emerging psychotherapeutic approach for posttraumatic stress disorder: how it has been developed, how its typical session consists of, and what past researches on its effectiveness and mechanism tell us today. There is now a compelling evidence that EMDR may be effective and more over efficient for individuals with PTSD. However, its superiority to other established psychotherapy such as exposure therapy remain unceratin and presently suggested mechanisms of action is putative at most. Nonetheless, considering its cost-effectiveness and efficiency over other well-established treatment, future of EMDR is quite promising. Finally, suggestions for further research were made.

Keywords: Three-Pronged Approach

Accuracy Verified: Yes

209. Severe, N. D. (1998, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treatment application to post-traumatic stress disorder in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA. AAT 9820480.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This document presents an individual case study focusing on the qualitative application of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to PTSD in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. Theoretical, empirical and clinical descriptions of PTSD and EMDR are presented in order to understand childhood psychological trauma and its treatment. Further, an explanation of childhood psychic trauma is presented to distinguish between single event trauma (Type I Trauma) and multiple exposure to psychologically overwhelming events (Type II Trauma) as defined by Lenore Terr. Child abuse and specifically sexual abuse is described as an example of a Type II trauma that is closely related to the development of post-traumatic symptoms and reactions. EMDR is selected as the main cognitive behavioral treatment to help reduce PTSD symptoms in an 11-year-old male who has witnessed and experienced numerous interpersonal stressor related traumatic events.A clinical review of the child's EMDR focused treatment is summarized in a total of twenty-five sessions that follow Shapiro's EMDR 8-Step Treatment Model. Qualitative changes to the standard adult EMDR protocol made by the treating therapist are presented to illustrate how EMDR can be modified and adapted to work with latency age children. The results of the study suggest that EMDR may be a useful adjunct to an overall treatment plan aimed at ameliorating the traumatic symptoms and developmental difficulties associated with PTSD in children. The author emphasizes the need for the clinician using EMDR with children and adults to constantly target and assess the impact of present stressors and their role in the maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(1-B), Jul 1998, pp. 0438.

Keywords: Case Report Empirical Study Male Multiple Traumatic Events Nonclinical Case Study Posttrauamtic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

210. Ilic Z., & Jovic, V. (1997). Eye movement desensitization in therapy of war veterans. European Psychiatry, 12, Supplement 2, 1997, 193s-193s. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(97)80583-4.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
After reviewing Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) technique, claimed to be the most successful in the treatment of most resistent intrusive symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the authors report the case study of a war veteran who received EMDR treatment over two sessions. Asessments were made pre and posttreatment and at a year follow-up by using the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R) and Impact of Event Scale (IES), Significant improvements were accomplished in all PTSD clusters.

Keywords: Veterans War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

211. Shapiro, F. (1990, July). Eye movement desensitization procedure: A new treatment for anxiety. The California Psychologist, 18-19.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure is a recently developed rapid treatment for anxiety and traumatic memories. Although, according to the DSM-III, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops from a "psychologically traumatic event that is generally outside thr ange orusual human experience," many people are affected. Symptoms include nightmares, flashbacks and intrusive thoughts based on inidents of combat, rape, incest, accidents and natural disasters such as the 1989 Lom Prieta earthquake. Clinical experience has demonstrated that one to four sessions iwth EMD are sufficient to produce cessation of trauma-related anxiety and pronounced symtomatology suffered by victims of such events.

Keywords: Anxiety Commentary Hypnotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

212. Woosley, L. (2002, June 2). Eye movement eases angst for those haunted by memories. Tulsa, OK: The Tulsa World, Final Home Edition, Living, 1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
A therapy meant to muscle man over traumatic memories is gaining popularity and regard in the world of psychology. EMDR, or eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing, taps into the brain's storage bin of bad experiences, and using a combination of bilateral eye movement and talk therapy, alters how one processes a traumatic event.

Keywords: General Overview Tulsa

Accuracy Verified: No

213. Kapoula, Z., Misset, P., Poncet, S., Bruneau, S., & Bucci, M. P. (2007, June). Eye movement patterns during the Rorschach test: Implications for EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
It is hypothesized that eye movements used in EMDR practice influence both memory and emotional state, some laboratory studies provide evidence for such influence (Christman et al, 2003, Neurobiology; Barrowcliff et al., J. Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 2004). From a neurophysiological point of view, it is also interesting to examine to what extent some eye movement parameters may be modulated by memory and emotions. For instance, it is well established that memory driven saccades in simplified laboratory tests, present different characteristics (longer preparation time, lower accuracy, lower velocity) than visually guided movement. During EMDR the eye movements (mostly pursuit) are elicited externally by the therapist, yet at the same time the patient is in touch mentally with the traumatic image and related negative emotions. The physiology of such movements might be different and this could be explored with specific studies. Another important issue is to what extent movements of the eyes are helpful in coding and retrieving visual images. Accordingly to scanpath theory, eye movements are cognitively driven by sensory and motor representation; repetitive eye movements to the same area of an image are attributed to checking if the image corresponds to what the observer imagines (Noton & Stack, 1971; Brandt & Stark, 1997). Future laboratory research could bring together such theories and EMDR psychotherapy, e.g., by examining spontaneous eye movements related to negative image.
In this conference, we will present preliminary data from a laboratory study on eye movement patterns during the Roschach test. Eight healthy students conducted the experiment. Seated in front of a computer screen, subjects were equipped with a binocular video eye tracker (Chronos) sampling eye position images from each eye every 4 msec. Instantaneous eye position data were stored on a computer and analyzed afterwards with laboratory software. Each are of the Roschach test was presented for 30 sec., after which, the experimenter (a psychologist) recorded the response given by the subject.
Analysis of eye movement patterns were examined in relation to subjective verbal reports.
Results: The first question asked was to what extent the eye movement pattern reflected the imaged projected by the subject or by the visual properties of the Rorschach image itself. To gain some insight, we concentrated on the cards for which our subjected gave no standard responses, thus very different from one subject to the other (e.g., card IX). Eye movement exploration (the surface of the image explored, its patiaol composition e.g. the resprctive proportion of horizontal versus vertical movements) was correlated with the verbal report and the specific mental imagery (larger surface, multiple focusing points when several personages or objects were imaged). This provides evident for top-down influence; the eyes are exploring the projective interpretative image; repetitive movements back and forth to same points which help in turn consolidate this mental imagery.
Psychological analysis of eye movements (saccades and fixation) was also made. Saccades are found to be as fast as when looking reflexively to single visual targets; during fixations, however, between saccades, the eyes were more instable, particularly the visual uses were crossing at different depths from one fixation to another. Further ongoing analysis will correlate fixation duration and depth instability to spatial and emotional content of the subjective report.

Keywords: Eye Movements Mechanism of Action Neurobiology Poster Rorschach Test

Accuracy Verified: Yes

214. Miller, K. (2005, June 15). An eye on recovery - Hocus-pocus or miracle cure? A controversial therapy called EMDR claims to help victims see trauma - and recovery - in a new light. Minneapolis, MN: Star Tribune, Metro, Variety, 1E.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
That was four years ago. Today, Colleen Eliason, 42, is happily remarried and lives in Elko. But in the nightmarish days after the suicide, she turned to St. Paul psychologist Catherine Hedberg, who uses a tool called EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) to treat trauma. Since EMDR was introduced to the psychiatric community 15 years ago, it has remained highly controversial. Proponents call it a painless, quick, effective therapy to treat victims of trauma - from social anxiety to war, rape and natural disasters.

Keywords: General Minneapolis Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

215. Hendrick, B. (1994, August 15). Eye therapy credited with relieving trauma: Method eases pain of bad memories. Atlanta, GA: The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution National News, A4.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
A study released in Los Angeles Saturday suggests you can remove the pain of traumatic memories from your mind by moving your eyes from side to side. The process is called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and many psychologists are eyeing it as a treatment method for people troubled by memories of natural disasters, the death of a loved one, an assault, an accident or even military combat.

Keywords: Atlanta Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

216. Philip, D. (1996, August 19). Eye wash for perverts?. Alberta Report/Newsmagazine, 23(36), 1-2.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Reports on a new therapy for sex offenders called Eye Movement and Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). The details of the treatment; The treatment's creator David Price at the Bowden Institution; His use of volunteers who are pedophiles and other sex offenders; Comparisons made to the motion picture `A Clockwork Orange'; The increasing rate of sex offenders in Canada; Skepticism about the program.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

217. Elias, M. (1999, November 29). Eyeing new treatment for trauma. USA Today, 1D, 1-2.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Psychologist Steve Silver was skeptical of the strange new therapy but he felt desperate. Facing him sat a middle aged man whose prductive life was ended 20 years ago.As a young soldier in Vietnam, his mental health had been shattered in one split second of savagery. "He'd become very close to his battalion commander," says Silver, "and then one day watched as this man literally had his head blown off right in front of him."

Keywords: General Overview Steve Silver Steven Lazrove

Accuracy Verified: Yes

218. Atkinson, J. (1998, Sep). The eyes have it. Texas Monthly, 26(9), 60-68.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
By the time that vietnam veteran Jerry Smith (not his real name) found his way to psychologist John Black at the Veterans Administration North Texas Health Care System in Dallas in the fall of 1995, he was an absolute mess. In and out of the V.A. system since 1976 suffering from depression, anxiety, alcoholism, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), he had tried various medications and sat through hours of conventional therapy to no avail. He was an unemployable shut-in: Driving anywhere or visiting the mall—being in any crowd, in fact—made him anxious. He was tormented by sleep terrors, meaning he would wake up in the middle of the night in a cold sweat. And he was so morose that in the previous year he had checked into the V.A. center ten times, five for attempting or considering suicide. The V.A. first tackled 53-year-old Smith’s drinking problem in the center’s substance-abuse ...

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

219. Zampieri, M. A. J. (2007, Novembro). Família e co-dedependência [Family and co-dependency]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasilia, Brasil .

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Apresentação de aplicação do EMDR em terapia de casais, famílias e sistemas no tratamento em contextos que apresentem padrões de co-dependência. A autora se apóia na descrição de manifestações sistêmicas da co-dependência já publicada e demonstra como a intervenção com EMDR pode ser empregada individualmente e adaptada em grupo. Apresentam-se exemplos de casos em tratamento de abuso de substâncias na co-dependência familiar e na co-dependência sócio-institucional no acompanhamento de profissionais do Conselho Tutelar. Espera-se que ao término da atividade o participante formado em EMDR seja capaz de identificar manifestações da co-dependência, nomear tais princípios num plano de intervenção com uso do EMDR na família ou na instituição.

Submission of application of EMDR in couples therapy, family systems and the treatment in environments that present standards co-dependency. The author relies on the description systemic manifestations of codependency already published and demonstrates how the intervention EMDR can be used individually and adapted group. There are examples of cases of substance abuse treatment in family co-dependency and codependency socio-institutional follow-up professionals from the Guardianship Council. It is expected that the end of the activity the participant made in EMDR is able to identify events of co-dependency, appoint such principles in a intervention plan with the use of EMDR in the family or institution.

Keywords: Co-Dependency Family

Accuracy Verified: Yes

220. Kavakci, Ö., Semyz, M., Kaptanoðlu, E., & Ozer, Z. (2012, Ocak). Fibromiyaljide EMDR'nin etkinliðinin araþtýrýlmasý: Yedi olguyu içeren bir klinik çalýþma [EMDR treatment of fibromyalgia, a study of seven cases]. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(1), 75-81.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Fibromiyalji sendromu (FMS) etiyolojisi belli olmayan, yaygın vücut ağrıları, belirli anatomik bölgelerde duyarlılık, azalmış ağrı eşiği, uyku bozuklukları, yorgunluk ve sıklıkla ruhsal sıkıntı ile karakterize eklem dışı romatizmal bir hastalıktır. Çeşitli yaklaşımlar denenmesine rağmen etkili bir tedavisi yoktur. FMS ile psikiyatrik bozuklukların ilişkisine sıklıkla vurgu yapılmakta ve FMS hastalarında ruhsal travma yaygınlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Kronik ağrılı durumlar için tedavi arayışları giderek daha fazla psikoterapi yaklaşımlarına yönelmiştir. Bu çalışmada FMS tanısı konan yedi hastanın EMDR yaklaşımı ile tedavisine yanıtları araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: FMS tanısı konmuş 22-41 yaşları arasındaki altı kadın ve bir erkek olgunun tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında duyarlı nokta sayıları (DNS) belirlendi, Vizüel Ağrı Skalasında (VAS) bildirdikleri ağrı düzeyleri kaydedildi. Hastalar tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında Fibromiyalji Etki Anketi (FEA), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Travma Değerlendirme Ölçeği (TDÖ), Pittsburg Uyku Kalitesi Ölçeği (PUKÖ), Öfke Tarzı Ölçeğini (SÖÖTÖ) doldurdu. Hastalara varsa yaşadıkları travmalara yönelik, saptanamadı ise ağrılarına yönelik beş-sekiz seans arasında EMDR tedavisi uygulandı. Bulgular: Tedavi sonunda hastaların bildirdikleri VAS, PUKÖ, FEA, TDÖ, BDÖ puanlarında anlamlı azalma olmuştur. Fizik muayene ile DNS’de anlamlı azalma bulunmuştur. SÖÖTÖ’de sürekli öfke, öfke içe ve öfke dışa puanlarında anlamlı değişme olmazken; öfke kontrol puanında görülen artma anlamlıdır. Tedavi sonunda altıncı olgu dışındaki hastaların FMS ölçütlerini karşılamadığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu hasta grubunda FMS tedavisinde EMDR tedavisinin etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic disease with unknown etiology and is characterized by widespread pain, increased tenderness in some anatomical regions, increased pain sensitivity, sleep disorders, fatigue and frequently by psychological distress. Though many approaches have been tried there is no effective treatment for FMS. The relationship between FMS and psychiatric disorders is known, recently some researches point to the frequency of psychological trauma in patients with FMS. The search for treatment for chronic painful conditions has more and more focused to psychotherapeutic approaches. In this study, seven patients diagnosed were attempted to be treated with EMDR approach. Methods: 22-41years aged six women and one man diagnosed with FMS were admitted to the study. Before and after the treatment tender point count was identified and patients scored their pain levels at Visuel Analog Scale. Patients filled in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS). If the patients have reported, trauma was focused on, if they have not reported any trauma, pain was focused. Five-eight sessions of EMDR was applied to the patients. Results: After the treatment, there were statistically significant reduction in patient reported VAS, PSQI, FIQ, PDS, and BDI scores.There was signify-cant decrease in tender point counts. Though there was no change in trait anger, anger-in and anger-out subscores of STAS, the increase in anger management subscore was significant. After the treatment, none of the patients met the FMS criteria but one patient (6th patient). Conclusion: EMDR therapy was effective in the treatment of these patients with FMS.

Keywords: Fibromyalgia Pathological Psychology Psychiatric Rating Scale Psychotherapy Visual Analog Scale

Accuracy Verified: Yes

221. Morris-Smith, J. (2012, June). Footsteps into the future: EMDR for children and families using a neurodevelopmental perspective [Pasos hacia el futuro: EMDR para niños y familias desde una perspectiva del neurodesarrollo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The acquisition of clinical skills in developing successful EMDR therapeutic practices is in itself a journey of discovery. Each step forward brings new clinical puzzles, challenges and insights: why are some individuals able to use the EMDR therapy more smoothly that others; what is the role of attachment; how are preverbal memories made and how do they become accessible to verbal recall with EMDR therapy; what is the developmental role of dissociation and why do some evolve into coherent, integrated individuals whilst others develop pathological dissociation? This paper presents a neurodevelopmental approach to inform our clinical practice of EMDR therapy with children, adolescents and adults. Brain development is affected by both genetic and environmental factors and included in the latter are: the family milieu, physical illness, toxins and developmental opportunities. During development the brain organizes from the bottom to the top with the lower parts of the brain developing earliest. The majority of the brain organization takes place during the first 4 years of life. Development of the brain in childhood unfolds in a series of stages with higher cortical areas entering final developmental processes much later in childhood and into early adulthood. How to integrate neurodevelopmental aspects with our EMDR clinical practice to develop healthier positive future trajectories for children, adolescents and their families is discussed. This paper will be illustrated by the use of video clips and case material.

La propia adquisición de las habilidades clínicas para desarrollar prácticas terapéuticas de EMDR de éxito es de por sí, un viaje de descubrimiento. Cada paso hacia delante nos plantea nuevos rompecabezas, retos, y conocimientos clínicos: ¿Por qué algunos individuos encuentran menos obstáculos en la aplicación de terapia con EMDR que otros?; ¿Cuál es la función del apego?; ¿Cómo se forman los recuerdos preverbales y cómo se accede a ellos mediante el recuerdo verbal con la terapia con EMDR?; ¿Qué papel desempeña la disociación en el desarrollo y por qué algunas personas se convierten en individuos coherentes e integrados mientras que otros desarrollan una disociación patológica? Esta ponencia pretende presentar un planteamiento desde el neurodesarrollo para instruir nuestra práctica clínica de terapia con EMDR con niños, adolescentes y adultos. El desarrollo cerebral se ve afectado por factores tanto genéticos como ambientales; entre éstos últimos se incluyen: el entorno familiar, las enfermedades físicas, las toxinas y las oportunidades de desarrollo. Durante el período de desarrollo, el cerebro organiza desde abajo hacia arriba, siendo las áreas inferiores del cerebros las que primero se desarrollan. La mayor parte del desarrollo cerebral ocurre durante los cuatro primeros años de vida. El desarrollo del cerebro durante la infancia sucede en una serie de etapas, entrando las áreas corticales superiores en los últimos procesos de desarrollo, mucho más tarde en la infancia y al principio de la vida adulta. Se abordan las cuestiones de cómo integrar aspectos de neurodesarrollo en nuestro trabajo clínico con EMDR para poder desarrollar trayectorias más sanas y positivas para el futuro para los niños, adolescentes y sus familias. Se emplearán grabaciones en vídeo y notas clínicas para ilustrar esta ponencia.

Keywords: Children Families Neurodevelopment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

222. Abbott, G. (2005, September). Four methods of target identification and ordering for EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will present an important review of Phase One of EMDR treatment as it fits within the Adaptive Information Processing Model. The presenter will describe and analyze four strategies for identifying and ordering targets for EMDR rreatment. Strategies to be covered are I ) Francine Shapiro's standard method; 2) A time line method, 3) A Genogram method proposed by Maureen Kitchur in her Strategic Developmental Model and 4) A hypnotic method inspired by Milton Erickson's February Man cases. Analysis of the unique strengths and limitations of each approach will be made. Clinical choices will be outlined with respect to the use of each strategy in light of characteristics of the client, the clinician, and the clinical setting itself. Case examples will be presented. Handouts wlth guidelines for each method will be distributed. Participants will be invited to engage in imaginal exercises to further the exploration of these strategies.

Keywords: February Man Genogram Maureen Kitchur Milton Erickson Targeting Timeline

Accuracy Verified: Yes

223. Kiessling, R. (2006, September). From BLS to EMDR: Treating survivors of trauma, natural disaster, and combat along a time and stability continuum. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: T
he Comprehensive treatment protocols and treatment outcomes of EMDR have been well researched and documented. The calming effects of bilateral stimulation (BLS) and its impact on having images fade have also been documented. Consequently, there are many situations where stabilization and symptom reduction may be appropriate and/or necessary, such as trauma from terrorism, natural disasters and combat. This workshop will discuss a number of Bilateral Stimulation (BLS) interventions along a time and client stability continuum. Participants will learn and hone their skills using a number of stabilization and symptom reduction interventions through lecture, video and live demonstration, as well as small group practice of these more truncated, target specific, symptom desensitization protocols. Additionally, participants will understand when to select these interventions in preparing the client for the comprehensive EMDR treatment protocols.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

224. Ankersmit, E. (1992, May). From worthless to working. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(1), 3-4.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Julie, age 40, came to therapy depressed and feeling "stuck." She was married to a verbally, and, at times, physically abusive man, and had recently quit her job. As a child, she had been verbally abused and beaten by an emotionally removed andcritical father. She was intelligent and had basic strength and humor.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

225. Pagani, M., Nardo, D., Höberg, G., & Larson, S. (2009, November). Gray matter changes in limbic cortex in PTSD are associated with trauma load and EMDR outcome. Presentation at the 25th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Psychophysiological Research
There is converging evidence of gray matter (GM) structural alterations in different limbic structures in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate GM reduction in PTSD in relation to trauma load, and to assess the volumetric differences between responders (R) and non-responders (NR) to EMDR therapy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans of 21 subjects exposed to occupational trauma, who developed PTSD (S), and of 22 who did not (NS), were compared by means of an optimized Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analysis as implemented in SPM. Within S, further comparisons were made between 10 R and 5 NR. A regression analysis between GM density and the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire (TAQ) was also performed on all 43 subjects. Results showed a highly significant GM volume reduction in S as compared to NS, bilaterally in posterior cingulate and in the left hemisphere in precuneus, lingual and parahippocampal gyri. Moreover, NR showed a highly significant GM volume reduction as compared to R in bilateral posterior cingulate, as well as insula, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala in the right hemisphere. Regression analysis showed that GM volume reductions positively correlated with trauma load in bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate and right parahippocampal gyrus. In conclusion, GM volume reductions in posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex were associated with PTSD diagnosis, trauma load, and EMDR treatment outcome.

Keywords: Limbic Cortex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Outcome Trauma Load

Accuracy Verified: Yes

226. Nardo, D., Hogberg, G., Looi, J. C., Larsson, S., Hallstrom, T., & Pagani, M. (2010, May). Gray matter density in limbic and paralimbic cortices is associated with trauma load and EMDR outcome in PTSD patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44(7), 477-485. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.10.014.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There is converging evidence of gray matter (GM) structural alterations in different limbic structures in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate GM density in PTSD in relation to trauma load, and to assess the GM differences between responders (R) and non-responders (NR) to EMDR therapy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of 21 subjects exposed to occupational trauma, who developed PTSD (S), and of 22 who did not (NS), were compared by means of an optimized Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analysis as implemented in SPM. Within S, further comparisons were made between 10 R and 5 NR. A regression analysis between GM density and the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire (TAQ) was also performed on all 43 subjects. Results showed a significantly lower GM density in S as compared to NS in the left posterior cingulate and the left posterior parahippocampal gyrus. Moreover, NR showed a significantly lower GM density as compared to R in bilateral posterior cingulate, as well as anterior insula, anterior parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala in the right hemisphere. Regression analysis showed that GM density negatively correlated with trauma load in bilateral posterior cingulate, left anterior insula, and right anterior parahippocampal gyrus. In conclusion, a GM lower density in limbic and paralimbic cortices were found to be associated with PTSD diagnosis, trauma load, and EMDR treatment outcome, suggesting a view of PTSD characterized by memory and dissociative disturbances.[Pubmed]

Keywords: Limbic Cortex Posterior Cingulate Posttraumatic Stress PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

227. Borrelli, S. (2002). The great train crash: A story of three. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
I am having the great privilege of working with three different survivors of the Paddington Street train crash which occurred on October 5, 1999 in London. This event represents one of the worst transportation catastrophes that this city has ever known, and has effected the lives of countless people. It is only just now that many of the survivors have been allotted money for psychological treatment of their post trauma symptoms. This type of bureaucratic foot-dragging, an inexcusable example of man's inhumanity to man, is just one of a series of injustices suffered by these folks.

Keywords: Case Study London Train Crash 1999

Accuracy Verified: Yes

228. Connor, P. K. (2005). Guideline-based programs in the treatment of complex PTSD. Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The term “post-traumatic stress disorder” (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnostic label, being formally recognized in 1980 in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Illness – Third Edition (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980). Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CP) is a more recently discussed, and newly-classified, phenomenon, initially discussed in the early 1990s (Herman, 1992a). Thus, as research into effective treatments for CP is sparse, the treatment of CP is the topic of this study, in which a guideline-based treatment program developed by the researcher for the treatment of CP is implemented and evaluated. Ten individuals participated in this study, undertaking individualized, guideline-based treatment programs spanning a period of six months. In providing background information relevant to this study, an explanation is provided regarding the nature of CP, and the reasons for its consideration as a separate phenomenon to PTSD. The adequacy of the PTSD formulation in enabling effective assessment and treatment of CP is also explored, with endorsement of previous researchers’ conclusions that the CP construct is more useful than the PTSD construct for assessing and treating survivors of long-term and multiple forms of abuse. The PTSD classification is restrictive, and not necessarily appropriate for certain forms of trauma (such as prolonged trauma, or multiple forms of trauma), as such trauma experiences may lead to specific effects that lay outside those formerly associated with PTSD. Such effects include alterations in affect regulation, consciousness, self-perception, interpersonal relationships, and in systems of meaning. Following discussion regarding the PTSD/CP classification, an examination of treatment methods currently used in the treatment of PTSD, and a review of treatment outcome studies, takes place. The adequacy of primary treatment methods in treating CP symptoms is then examined, with the conclusion that a range of treatment methods could potentially be useful in the treatment of CP symptoms. Individuals with a diagnosis of CP may benefit from the adoption of an eclectic approach, drawing on different treatment options for different symptoms, and constantly evaluating client progress and re-evaluating interventions. This review of treatment approaches is followed by details of an initial study undertaken to obtain feedback from individuals who had suffered long-term/multiple trauma and who had received treatment. Participants in this initial study were asked open-ended questions regarding the treatment approach they had experienced, the most useful aspect of the treatment, the least useful aspect, and other strategies/treatment approaches that may have been useful – but which were not used. The feedback obtained from these individuals was used to inform the development of treatment guidelines for use in the main study, as were recommendations made by Chu (1998). The predominant focus of the treatment guidelines was “ego strengthening”, a term coined by Chu (1998) to describe the “initial (sometimes lengthy) period of developing fundamental skills in maintaining supportive relationships, developing self-care strategies, coping with symptomatology, improving functioning, and establishing a positive self identity” (p.75). Using a case study approach, data are then presented relating to each of the ten individuals involved in the treatment program: details of his/her trauma experience(s)and the impact of the trauma (as perceived by each individual); details of each individual’s treatment program (as planned, and as implemented); post-treatment evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of the treatment program (from the therapist’s perspective); and details of the symptoms reported by the individual post-treatment, via psychometric assessment and also during interview. Analysis and discussion of the data relating to the ten participants in the study are the focal point of this study. The evaluation of the effectiveness of each individual’s treatment has been based predominantly on qualitative data, obtained from an analysis of language (discourse analysis) used by participants to describe their symptoms pre- and post-treatment. Both blatant and subtle changes in the language used by participants to describe themselves, their behaviour, and their relationships pre- and post-treatment have provided an insight into the possible changes that occurred as a result of the treatment program. The language used by participants has been a rich source of data, one that has enabled the researcher to obtain information that could not be obtained using psychometric assessment methods. Most of the participants in this study portrayed notable changes in many of the CP symptoms, including being more stable and having improved capacity to explore their early abuse. Although no direct cause-effect relationship between the participants’ treatment program and the improvements described can be established from this study, the participants’ perception that the program assisted them with their symptoms, and reported many aspects of “ego strengthening”, is of major importance. Such self-perception of strength and empowerment is important if an individual is going to be able to deal with past trauma experiences. In fact, abreactive work may have a greater chance of succeeding if those who have experienced long-term or multiple trauma are feeling more empowered, and more stable, as were the participants in this study (post-intervention). In concluding this study, recommendations have been made in regard to the use of guideline-based treatment programs in the responsible treatment of CP. Strengths and limitations of this study have also been highlighted, and recommendations have been made regarding possibilities for future research related to CP treatment. On the whole, this study has supported strongly other research that highlights the importance of focusing on “ego strengthening” in assisting those who have suffered long-term/multiple trauma experiences. Thus, a guideline-based program focusing on assisting sufferers of long-term trauma with some, or all, of the symptoms of CP, is recommended as an important first stage of any treatment of individuals who have experienced long-term/multiple trauma, allowing them to develop the emotional and psychological strength required to deal with past traumatic events. Clinicians who are treating patients whose history depicts long-term or multiple trauma experiences (either from their childhood, or at some stage in their adult life) need, therefore, to be mindful of assessing individuals for symptoms of CP – so that they can treat these symptoms prior to engaging in any work associated directly with the past traumatic experiences. [Author abstract]
D.H.Sc.(Psych.) thesis, School of Psychology.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

229. Tutarel-Kislak, S. (2004, December). Görme engelli bireyde göz hareketleriyle duyarsizlastirmave yeniden isleme tedavi yönteminin dize Hhafifçe vurma alternatifininuygulanmasi: Bir olgu sunumu [A knee tapping variant of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with a blind person: A case report]. Türk Psikoloji Yazilari, 7(14), 77-90.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Bu çalışmada, Göz Hareketleriyle Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme yaşlı, kör erkek üniversite öğrencisi bir 26 yıl kullanıldı. Onun görsel handikap nedeniyle, diz vurma işlemi EMDR alternatif olarak kullanılmaktadır. kardeşinin ölümünden sonra intihar girişiminde sonra müşteri bir kriz merkezinde tedavi oldu. Onun psikolojik sıkıntı (ve, görmek ve dokunmak onu morga zorla kardeşinin ölümünden sonra, örneğin, soğukluk ve koku ölüm vücudun hakkındaki duyumları) özel anıları ile ilgili, günlük yaşamda onu rahatsız etti. kardeşinin ölüm, intihar öyküsü, suçluluk, çaresizlik hakkında O'nun anıları ve düşüncelerini o diğerleri seans boyunca değerlendirildi hayal kırıklığına söyledi. Bilişsel-örgü tekniği de oturumları sırasında kullanılmıştır. Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) ön ve son test ölçümleri olarak uygulanmıştır. üç ay kadar, bu BSI puanları genellikle indirdi olduğu bulunmuştur takip iki seans ve bir aylık ve sonra. Ayrıca, o onun kişisel gelişim bir ilerleme olduğunu bildirdi. Olgu bildirilmektedir bir kör kişi ile EMDR tekniğinin formu dokunarak diz ilk başarılı uygulama olduğunu anlamda ilginçti. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları travmatik görüntüleri canlılığını işitme nedeniyle ve kokulu o EMDR çalışmalarda olarak azalmış olacaktır dokunmadan gösterdi. Bu makalede ayrıca EMDR yöntemi ve etkinlik hakkında olumsuz sonuçlarını içermektedir. (PsycINFO Veritabanı Record (c) 2008 APA, tüm hakları saklıdır) (dergi soyut)

In this study, the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing was used with a 26 years old, blind male university student. Because of his visual handicap, knee tapping procedure has been used as an alternative to the EMDR. After his brother's death he attempted to suicide and then the client had a therapy in a crisis center. His psychological distress related to specific memories (e.g., after his brother's death, being forced to the morgue to see and touch him, and his sensations about coldness and scent of the death body) was bothering him in his daily life. His memories about his brother's death, suicidal history, guiltiness, helplessness, and his thoughts that he disappointed the others were evaluated throughout the sessions. Cognitive-weave technique was also utilized during the sessions. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was applied as a pre and post test measures. After the two sessions and one-month and three-month follow-up, it was found that the BSI scores were generally lowered. In addition, he reported that he had a progress in his personal growth. The case reported here was interesting in the sense that it was the first successful application of knee tapping form of the EMDR technique with a blind person. The results of this study showed that the vividness of traumatic images due to hearing, smelling and touching would be reduced as in the EMDR studies. This article also includes the negative results about EMDR method and its efficacy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)(from the journal abstract)

Keywords: Blind Clinical Case Study Knee Knee Tapping

Accuracy Verified: Yes

230. Lui, L. (1996, July/August). Hand waving? An unconventional for post-traumatic stress is put to the test. The Sciences, 36(4), 13.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
When Prometheus gave fire to the mortals, an angry Zeus chained him to Mount Causaus, where each day an eagle devoured his liver, and each night the liver grew back. Imagine for a moment that you must endure a variation of that Promethean hell. Instead of an eagle, your tormentor is a rapist, the murderer of your parents, a battlefield enemy who took away your legs and much more inside. For many people, the unbearable circumstances you are only imagining are real. The condition known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), forces it svictims to live the most traumatic events of their lives over and over again. Because the events are often wars, assaults or natural disasters, the persistence of memory alone would be difficult. But if you are a victim of PTSD, you may relive your tragic epiosde with such clarity that you can see the bloody bodies on the battlefield or smell the alcohol on your assailant's breath.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

231. Rogers, M. (2001, January 24). Healing through the windows of the soul. Sante Fe, NM: The Sante Fe New Mexican, E-3.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The therapy technique, called eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing, is an innovative method of therapy for anyone who has experienced a trauma of any kind, Stark said. EMDR can be used to treat victims of sexual abuse, domestic violence, criminal violence, combat and natural disasters. It has even been used to treat people with personality disorders, such as schizophrenia.

Keywords: General Overview Sante Fe

Accuracy Verified: Yes

232. van der Does, W. (2006, December). Heeft iedereen gewonnen, en moeten allen prijzen hebben? [Has everyone won, and must all have prizes?]. De Psycholoog, 41(12), 650-657.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
De 'Dodo bird verdict' is al lang de uitkomst van psychotherapie-onderzoek: geen tekort aan behandelingen, maar geen verschillen in effectiviteit. Tegenwoordig (cognitieve) gedragstherapie (CGT) is de behandeling van keuze voor steeds meer en steeds complexere problemen. Van tijd tot tijd, nieuwe oppervlaktebehandeling die claim betere of snellere resultaten. De meeste van deze claims zijn ongegrond en hebben korte halflifes. Echter, EMDR, een behandeling voor Psychotrauma, heeft bereikt mainstream psychologie. Na McNally (1999), een vergelijking is gemaakt met een miraculeuze behandeling die Europa veroverde meer dan twee eeuwen geleden. Geconcludeerd wordt dat EMDR is minder effectief dan wordt beweerd, en dat de effectiviteit ervan is te wijten aan de opname van CBT elementen en de grote rol van placebo factoren in nieuwe behandelingen. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, alle rechten voorbehouden)

The 'Dodo bird verdict' has long been the outcome of psychotherapy research: no shortage of treatments, but no differences in effectiveness. Nowadays (cognitive) behavior therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for increasingly more and increasingly complex problems. From time to time, new treatments surface that claim better or faster results. Most of these claims are unfounded and have short halflifes. However, EMDR, a treatment for psychotrauma, has reached mainstream psychology. Following McNally (1999), a comparison is made with a miraculous treatment that conquered Europe more than two centuries ago. It is concluded that EMDR is less effective than has been claimed, and that its effectiveness is due to the incorporation of CBT elements and to the large role of placebo factors in new treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Dodo Bird Verdit

Accuracy Verified: Yes

233. McKay, L. (2006). Helping the helpers: Understanding, assessing, and treating humanitarian workers experiencing acute stress reactions. Pasadena, CA: Headington Institute.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Where there is crisis or hardship, there are usually humanitarian workers. Hundreds of thousands strong, they are usually employed by one of the many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) currently operating worldwide. The diversity of roles that a humanitarian worker can undertake is staggering. Some work specifically in aid and disaster response. This can include famine relief, refugee aid, emergency relief after natural disasters, or the provision of primary health care services. Other humanitarian workers focus more generally on civil society and peace-building, human rights, education, advocacy, economics, governmental and election monitoring, arms-control and refugee, gender and/or children’s issues. All of these diverse roles and aims are linked by a common end – service in the face of crisis and suffering worldwide.

Keywords: Acute Stress Reactions Helpers Humanitarian Workers Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

234. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2005, November). Het EMDR protocol: werk in uitvoerig [The EMDR protocol: A work in progress). Presentatie aan de eerste congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Sinds de introductie van EMDR heeft het basis-protocol veel veranderingen doorgemaakt, zowel in de Verenigde Staten als daarbuiten. Voor een deel waren dat min of meer cosmetische aanpassingen, maar verscheidene aanpassingen zijn ingegeven door culturele, conceptueel-inhoudelijke of technische overwegingen. Een deel van de aanpassingen zijn afkomstig van Shapiro zelf, een ander deel is voortgekomen uit ervaringen in de praktijk. De afgelopen jaren is met name sprake geweest van tekstuele aanpassingen die er op gericht zijn de lastigste stukken in het EMDR-protocol (bijvoorbeeld de vraag: “Welke uitspraak over u zelf past daar het beste bij?”) te vereenvoudigen en (vooral) sneller en doelgerichter te komen tot - wat wij graag noemen - 'scherpstellen'.
Deze workshop is bedoeld voor iedereen die de afgelopen 3 jaar geen oficiele EMDR (basis of vervolg) opleiding heeft gevolgd. Stilgestaan wordt bij de doelstelling, de structuur en (vooral) de actuele, exacte formuleringen in het EMDR-protocol van 2005. Telkens zal worden aangegeven wat de achtergrond van de doorgevoerde aanpassingen is. De verwachting is dat het huidige protocol zich soepeler laat toepassen in de therapeutische praktijk. En dat is goed voor zowel therapeuten als patiënten.

Since the introduction of the basic EMDR protocol made many changes, both in the United States and abroad. In part, some were more or less cosmetic changes, but modifications are motivated by several cultural, conceptual, technical or substantive considerations. Some of the changes come from Shapiro herself, somechanges arose from practical experience. In recent years there has been some particular textual changes at AIM. The most difficult pieces in the EMDR protocol (e.g. the question: "Which statement best fits with yourself about you?") To simplifying and (especially) faster and targeted to achieve - what we like to call it - 'Focus'.
This workshop is for anyone over the past three years of no company EMDR Approved (or basic) education followed. Stood is the objectifying, structuring and (Especially) the current, exact genesis of the EMDR protocol or 2005. Each will be given the background to the adjustments is. The expectation is that the current protocol allows more flexible use in therapeutic practice. And that's good for bone healing therapists and patients.

Keywords: Standard Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

235. van Beek, F. (2011). Het werkingsmechanisme van EMDR en het effect van associëren op negatieve herinneringen [The mechanism of action of EMDR and the effect of associating to negative memories]. .

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een effectieve behandeling voor PTSS. Twee belangrijke onderdelen van deze behandeling zijn het maken van oogbewegingen en associaties tijdens het ophalen van een negatieve herinnering. Uit eerder onderzoek blijkt dat het maken van oogbewegingen de naarheid en de levendigheid van een stilstaand beeld van een negatieve herinnering vermindert. De rol van het stimuleren van associëren tijdens de behandeling is niet eerder onderzocht, terwijl dit wellicht ook tot een afname van de naarheid en levendigheid kan leiden. Therapeuten merken op dat niet enkel de naarheid en levendigheid van het beeld verandert. Andere aspecten lijken ook te veranderen, zoals de scherpte van het beeld, de mate waarin het beeld dichtbij lijkt te staan, het aantal details van het beeld en de mate waarin iemand het gevoel heeft teruggebracht te worden naar het moment dat de gebeurtenis plaatsvond. Aan dit onderzoek, met een gemengd binnen en tussen proefpersonen design, hebben 40 studenten deelgenomen. Elke deelnemer haalde twee negatieve herinneringen op. 20 deelnemers maakten oogbewegingen. Deze groep werd tijdens het ophalen van één herinnering wel gestimuleerd om associaties te maken, en bij de andere herinnering niet. De andere 20 deelnemers werden geen oogbewegingen aangeboden, zij fixeerden hun blik op een wit vel papier. Ook bij deze groep werd tijdens het ophalen van één herinnering wel geassocieerd, en bij de andere herinnering niet. Het effect van oogbewegingen is in dit onderzoek niet teruggevonden. Wel is er een effect van associëren gevonden. Het maken van associaties tijdens het herinneren van negatieve herinneringen vermindert de naarheid en levendigheid van die herinneringen. Verder blijkt uit dit onderzoek dat het beeld van een negatieve herinnering minder scherp wordt, en dat de mate waarin iemand het gevoel heeft teruggebracht te worden naar het moment dat de gebeurtenis plaatsvond vermindert. Deze veranderingen kunnen echter niet verklaard worden door het gebruik van associaties of oogbewegingen. De bevindingen van het onderzoek tonen een belangrijk effect aan van het associëren tijdens de behandeling EMDR.

And Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for PTSD. Two important components of this treatment are making eye movements and associations during retrieval of a negative memory. Previous research shows that making eye movements to the nature and the vibrancy of a still image of a negative memory reduces. The role of stimulating associate during treatment has not been previously investigated, while this might also lead to a decrease in lead and liveliness. Therapists noted that not only the dreariness and vividness of the image changes. Other aspects also seem to change like the sharpness of the image, the extent to which the image appears to be close, the amount of detail of the image and the degree to which one feels to be reduced to the time the event occurred. In this study, with a mixed within and between subjects design, 40 students have participated. Each participant took two negative memories. 20 participants made eye movements. This group was while retrieving a memory is encouraged to make associations, and other non reminder. The other 20 participants were offered no eye movements, they fixated their gaze on a white sheet of paper. Also in this group, while retrieving a memory is associated, and not in the other memory. The effect of eye movements in this study found. However, there is an effect of associating found. Making associations during recall of negative memories reduce the dreariness and vividness of these memories. It also appears from this study that the image of a negative memory less sharp, and the degree to which one feels to be reduced to the time the event occurred decreases. These changes, however, can not be explained by the use of associations or eye movements. The findings of the study show a significant effect of associating during EMDR treatment.

Keywords: Mechanisms of Action Negative Memories

Accuracy Verified: Yes

236. Rothbaum, B. (1992). How does EMDR work?. the Behavior Therapist, 15, 34 & 46.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
I have made some interesting observations regarding the mechanisms underlying Francine Shapiro’s Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR (Shapiro, 1989).

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

237. Shapiro, F. (2012, September 19). How EMDR therapy opens a window to the world. Brain World. Retrieved from http://brainworldmagazine.com/how-emdr-therapy-opens-a-window-to-the-brain/ 9/19/2012.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Over the past two decades, the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has provided researchers and clinicians with the ability to observe how symptoms develop and can be rapidly treated. Over 20 randomized studies have demonstrated positive treatment effects, and EMDR has been declared an effective trauma treatment by organizations worldwide, including the American Psychiatric Association and the Department of Defense. Three randomized studies have demonstrated that 84 to 100 percent of those suffering from a single trauma no longer had posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after an average of three 90-minute sessions. Changes that typically took months or years with other forms of therapy occurred within weeks. This rapidity allows both clients and clinicians to observe firsthand how the brain’s internal connections are made. [Excerpt]

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

238. Shapiro, F. (2012, February 5). How memories keep us apart: The past is present. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/francine-shapiro-phd/ptsd-military_b_1250202.html 2/5/2012.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
When I first began to develop EMDR therapy back in 1987, I experimented with everyone who was willing to volunteer. I'd ask: Do you have anything bothering you? Not surprisingly, everyone had something. Whether it was a problem at work or a fight at home, by having them concentrate on it and using the procedures, rapid change usually occurred. Fascinating connections were made, and it was like having a window into the brain. For instance, one of the things I found very interesting was that often the problem they were concentrating on would spontaneously connect in their minds to earlier memories that were related in some way. That's how I began to discover that the past was really present. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Blog Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Relationships Veterans War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

239. Lallerstedt, C. (2010). Hypnos som komplement till EMDR i behandling av posttraumatiskt stressyndrom [Hypnosis as an adjunct to EMDR in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder]. Orebro, Sweden: Mementum Nr 50, Rapportserie från Psykiatriskt forskningscentrum.

Language: Swedish

Format: Book

Abstract:
Posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD) innebär en ångestproblematik och en svårighet att hantera affekter och stress på ett funktionellt sätt. Traumatiska minnen väcker starka känsloreaktioner som kan vara översvallande och upplevas som förgörande för individen. Vissa individer kan ha svårighet att hantera affekter pga. irrationella tankar och föreställningar som stör förmågan att hantera stress, eller så har patienten aldrig utvecklat förmågan att hantera intensiva affekter och som hindrar en bearbetning. I den här studien vill jag visa hur hypnos och EMDR i kombination skulle kunna hjälpa klienter att hantera dessa reaktioner där hypnos kan ha en stabiliserande effekt och EMDR en mer bearbetande effekt. Studien har en kvalitativ undersökningsdesign och är upplagd som en fallstudie av tre patienter som genomgick en psykoterapeutisk traumaterapi. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom deltagande observation och efter varje avslutad session gjordes minnesanteckningar som sedan systematiserades och analyserades. Behandlingsutfallet utvärderades med hjälp av Impact Event Scale som visade en påtaglig minskning av traumasymtom. En slutsats av denna studie är att det finns många fördelar med att använda hypnotiska tekniker för att skapa stabilitet i det terapeutiska rummet vid behandling av posttraumatisk stress med EMDR.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety problems, and difficulty manage emotions and stress in a functional way. Traumatic memories arouses strong emotions which can be exuberant and experienced as devastating to the individual. Some individuals may have difficulty dealing with emotions due. irrational thoughts and beliefs that interferes with the ability to handle stress, or so the patient has never developed the ability to manage intense emotions that prevent a machine. In this study, I show how hypnosis and EMDR in combination could help clients to manage these reactions where hypnosis can have a stabilizing effect and EMDR more processing power. The study has a qualitative research design is conceived as a case study of three patients underwent a psychotherapeutic trauma therapy. The data was collected by participating observation and after completion of each session were made notes which are then systematized and analyzed. Treatment outcome was evaluated using the Impact Event Scale showed a significant reduction in trauma symptoms. One conclusion of this study is to there are many advantages to using hypnotic techniques to create stability in the therapeutic consideration in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder with EMDR.

Keywords: Hypnosis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

240. Lallerstedt, C. (2010). Hypnos som komplement till EMDR i behandling av posttraumatiskt stressyndrom: En deskriptiv studie, del 1 [Hypnosis as an adjunct to EMDR in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A descriptive study, part 1] . HypnosNytt, 3, 5-17.

Language: Swedish

Format: Journal

Keywords: Hypnosis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

241. Baddeley, M. (1996, March). Hypnotherapy, gestalt, EMDR and the treatment of post traumatic stress. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 17(1), 41-47.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The paper consists of clinical observations on the use of Gestalt and EMDR under hypnosis for the treatment of post-traumatic stress. The observations are made in the context of 2 cases:(1) an individual who had been bound during an armed hold-up in her home. (2) an emergency services worker suffering from accumulated stress resulting in burn-out. The paper concludes by drawing out a number of principles that give structure to working with the above techniques. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Gestalt Therapy Hypnotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

242. Baddelely, M. (1996, March). Hypnotherapy, Gestalt, EMDR and the treatment of posttraumatic stress. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis, 17(1), 41-47.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract: Abstract: Discusses the clinical observations on the use of Gestalt therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprogramming (EMDR) under hypnosis for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The observations are made in the context of 2 cases: (1) a woman who had been bound during an armed hold-up in her home, and (2) an emergency services worker suffering from accumulated stress resulting in burn-out. Therapy for PTSD requires the re-education of the subconscious. The use of Gestalt and EMDR under hypnosis effectively brings about this re-education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Gestalt Hynotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

243. Cowan, B. (2002, April 23). I felt the memory gush out. London, England: The Times, Features.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
"After ten hours of EMDR, I had made the breakthrough I needed and I left the surgery in a state of euphoria. I haven't had a panic attack or nightmare since and now realise that they were the physical memory of the rapist crushing and suffocating me. Replaying events gave my brain another chance to process them. This time it got it right and emotionally, not just rationally, I now acknowledge that you can't control everything."

Keywords: General London Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

244. Gaarde Madsen, P-E. (2009). I patientens tjeneste: NLP, hypnose og EMDR i kombination og samspil som en mulig virksom form for psykoterapi i det 21. århundrede [Inpatient services, NLP, hypnosis and EMDR in combination and interaction as a possible form of psychotherapy in the 21st century]. Udgave: 1, Oplag: 1 [1st ed] , Copenhagen, Dansk: Frydenlund.

Language: Danish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Beskrivelse
Det etablerede systems opfattelse af sig selv og af såkaldt alternativ terapi debatteres i denne bog. Forfatteren har valgt at sætte fokus på problemerne med spiseforstyrrelser. Kritikken af de eksisterende forhold i det etablerede system på dette område er meget skarp, men derimod er de beskrevne terapeutiske forslag om en mulig virksom terapi generøse. Disse nye muligheder er terapeutiske tiltag, der stadig betragtes som alternative, men de kan ikke desto mindre anvendes på alle de områder, hvorom man i dag mener, der kan bedrives psykoterapi. Det kræver dog, at man forlader illusionen om, at terapi baseret på samtale med såkaldt sund fornuft har nogen som helst terapeutisk effekt. Den omfattende, mulige terapeutiske værktøjskasse beskrives. Det drejer sig om NLP som basis for hypnose. Denne metode kan kombineres med modificeret EMDR. Der fremlægges i bogen mange forskellige paradigmer; det drejer sig bl.a. om tilknytningsteorier, affectteorier, den tredelte hjerne og ikke mindst også de resultater, som den moderne hjerneforskning har produceret i de sidste femten år. Dette omfattende materiale bliver sat sammen til en klinisk enhed, der er fleksibel og mangfoldig. Desuden rummer bogen detaljerede beskrivelser af terapiforløbet for flere patienter med en spiseforstyrrelse. --

Description: The system established perceptions of themselves and the so-called alternative therapies discussed in this book. The author has chosen to focus on problems with eating disorders. Criticism of the existing conditions in the established system in this area is very sharp, but they are described therapeutic suggestions about a possible business therapy generous. These new opportunities are therapeutic interventions that are still considered alternative, but they can nevertheless be applied to all areas on which we now believe there may commit psychotherapy. It requires that you leave the illusion that therapy based on interviews with "common sense has any therapeutic effect. The extensive potential therapeutic tool sets. It is about NLP as a basis for hypnosis. This method can be combined with modified EMDR. Presented in the book many different paradigms, namely, inter alia, on related theories affectteorier, the triune brain, and not least also the results of modern brain research has produced over the last fifteen years. This extensive material is put together to form a clinical entity that is flexible and diverse. In addition the book contains detailed descriptions of therapy for more patients with an eating disorder.

Keywords: Hypnosis Neurolingquistic Programming NLP

Accuracy Verified: Yes

245. Luber, M. (2013). Implementing EMDR early mental health interventions for man-made and natural disasters. New York, NY: Springer Publishing, ISBN 9780826199218.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:

Keywords: Disasters Early Interventions Scripted Protocols Summary Sheets

Accuracy Verified: Yes

246. Meertens, K. (2007, November). In eigen woorden: Cliënt over EMDR-therapie: “De angst is weg” [In her own words: Client on EMDR therapy: "The fear is gone"]. Over Riagg Rijnmond, 49, 21-22.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Nu moest ik in de therapie die verkrachting gaan verwerken. Terwijl ik de gevoelens daarover van mijn 16e tot mijn 43ste heb vastgehouden. Ik vond dat heel moeilijk, was bang dat ik het weer moest meemaken. Wat zou er met mij gebeuren als ik het zou vertellen? Zou ik doordraaien, in de war raken, de controle over mijzelf verliezen? Een paar dagen voordat ik met de EMDRbehandeling EMDRbehandeling zou beginnen, voelde ik me al slecht. De dag voor de behandeling, verzon ik allerlei smoezen om af te bellen. De eerste keer heb ik dus ook afgebeld. Ik heb de therapie een week uitgesteld, omdat ik me zo rot voelde. Gelukkig haalde mijn therapeut mij over de drempel heen. Ze zei dat ze me sowieso wilde zien, ook als ik me rot voel. ‘Dan gaan we dáár iets mee doen’, zei ze. Gelukkig maar, anders zou ik het nu nog voor me uitschuiven.

Now I had the therapy that rape going process. While I feel about my 16th to my 43th I held. I found that very difficult, was afraid that I again had to go through. What would happen to me if I could tell? I would run through, get confused, control about myself lose? A few days before I EMDRbehandeling the EMDRbehandeling would begin, I already felt bad. Day before treatment, I made all kinds of excuses to call off. the first time I have also been called. I have therapy one week postponed, because I felt so bad. Luckily got my therapist me across the threshold. She said she me anyway wanted to see, even when I feel bad. "Then we go over there something do, "she said. Fortunately, otherwise I would still for me extend. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Rape Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

247. Bergmann, U. (2000, September/October). In your mind's eye: Speculations on the neurobiology of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). New Therapist, 9, 24-27.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Francine Shapiro, the originator of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), stumbled quite by accident upon the potentially positive effects of eye movements in desensitising negative emotions and cognitions. Ironically, she wasn't the first to do so. These findings had been made almost two decades earlier by Antrobus and his colleagues (Antrobus, 1973; Antrobus, Antrobus, & Singer, 1964). What unified the findings of Shapiro and Antrobus, apart from their agreement on the utility of eye movements, was that there was no theoretical system which could convincingly explain the findings to the skeptical research community to which Shapiro began disclosing her findings. What distinguished their approaches was that Shapiro set out to vigorously sell her belief in their utility in the relative absence of explanations as to why that might be the case. Uri Bergmann, an EMDR Institute Facilitator in New York, has recently put together a speculative neurobiological hypothesis for the effects of EMDR. In this article, he draws on a growing body of research into the area, particularly the ideas of Harvard University sleep researcher Robert Stickgold, who first identified the physiological pathways that link EMDR to REM functioning. Bergmann' offers his thoughts on the matter in a form accessible to the neurologically naïve as a first step to understanding the neurobiology of EMDR.

Keywords: Neurobiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

248. Magirena, S. (2009, Julio 7). Incorporación de EMDR en la terapia sexual. Caso clínico de vaginismo [Incorporating EMDR in sex therapy. Case report of vaginismus]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=454 om 1/4/2009.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
El vaginismo es una de las causas más frecuentes de matrimonio no consumado y fobia al coito. Es preciso diferenciar el vaginismo de la evitación fóbica del acto sexual y también de cualquier causa orgánica que pueda obstruir la entrada de la vagina. Por lo tanto es imprescindible el examen ginecológico de la paciente. A pesar del desarrollo y relativa proliferación de los tratamientos psicológicos para las disfunciones sexuales desde los trabajos pioneros de Masters y Johnson (1970), y a pesar del convencimiento de los psicólogos clínicos de la eficacia de estos tratamientos, la verdad es que existen pocos tratamientos empíricamente validados. En el caso de las mujeres el panorama no ha sido muy alentador, salvo el empleo de terapia hormonal en los trastornos del deseo, no es mucho lo que se ha avanzado.

Vaginismus is one of the most common causes of unconsummated marriage and sex phobia. We must distinguish vaginismus phobic avoidance of sexual intercourse and also any organic cause that may prevent the entrance of the vagina. Therefore it is essential to the gynecological examination of the patient. Despite the development and proliferation on psychological treatments for sexual dysfunction from the pioneering work of Masters and Johnson (1970), despite the belief of clinicians of the effectiveness of these treatments, the truth is that there are few treatments empirically validated. For women the situation has not been very encouraging, but the use of hormone therapy in disorders of desire, not much progress has been made.

Keywords: Sex Therapy Vaginismus

Accuracy Verified: Yes

249. Frustaci, A., Pozzi, G., Aurigemma, C., La Rosa, C., Lanza, G., Fernandez, I., & Ruggeri, G. (2006, Febbraio). Indicatori di cambiamento in pazienti con disturbi da eventi stressanti: Impiego della heart rate variability [Indicators of change in patients with disorders of stressful events: Use of heart rate variability]. Poster presentato al XI Congresso SOPSI (Società Italiana di Psicopatologia), Roma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introduzione: i pazienti traumatizzati presentano alterazioni sintomatiche quali intrusività, evitamento ed aumentato arousal, che ostacolerebbe la possibilità di elaborazione/integrazione delle tracce mnesiche, oltre ad esprimersi a livello periferico. Tecniche specifiche di trattamento sembrano promuovere l’elaborazione/integrazione delle memorie traumatiche, tra cui la Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Nella ricerca valutativa è quindi necessario affiancare alle scale psicologiche un appropriato indicatore biologico di attivazione neurovegetativa. La variabilità della frequenza cardiaca (Heart Rate Variability – HRV) esprime l’integrità funzionale del sistema neurovegetativo in risposta allo stress e può essere misurata nei domini di tempo o di frequenza. Lo studio della HRV è stato applicato in psichiatria ai disturbi d’ansia (panico, DOC, PTSD) e dell’umore (depressione unipolare) in ricerche trasversali (confronto con controlli sani) e longitudinali di trattamento farmacologico (triciclici, SSRIs) ma in pochi casi a trattamenti psicoterapici. Gli AA. valutano l’impiego della HRV come indicatore biologico nel trattamento psicoterapeutico di pazienti con Disturbo dell’adattamento erdurante da oltre un mese dopo l’esposizione ad eventi vitali stressanti (EVS). Metodi: sono stati reclutati 6 soggetti (M/F = 1/5, età 40,5 ± 11,0) esposti ad EVS ed avviati a ciclo di trattamento psicoterapico breve (4-6 sedute a cadenza settimanale) di tipo specifico (EMDR) o generico (colloqui supportivi). Costituivano criteri di esclusione: età < 18 o > 65 anni; comorbilità psichiatrica, neurologica e cardiologica; uso di farmaci interferenti. Le valutazioni psicopatologiche sono state eseguite al reclutamento (TBASE: colloquio anamnestico, MINI, Brief COPE), a inizio e fine ciclo di trattamento (TINI, TFINE: IES, SCL-90-R), a uno e tre mesi di follow-up (T30, T90: IES, SCL-90-R, Brief COPE). Le registrazioni Holter sono state effettuate ad ogni intervallo valutativo coprendo: 60 min. attività libera, 10 min. tilt-test, 3-5 min. ascolto dell’evento traumatico, 30-45 min. seduta psicoterapica. Sono stati impiegati test statistici non parametrici per l’analisi delle correlazioni (Spearman) e delle differenze (Wilcoxon). Risultati preliminari: vengono valutate le correlazioni a TINI e le variazioni T90 vs. TINI. Sono significative le seguenti correlazioni: ansia fobica SCL e SDNN (dev. standard intervalli R-R) [r = + 0,9; p = ,037]; collera-ostilità SCL e SDNN [r = -0,95; p =.014]; depressione SCL e r-MSSD (radice media somma quadrati diff. R-R) [r = + 0,9; p = ,037]; sint. intrusivi IES e LF (basse frequenze) [r = -0,9; p = ,037]. Sono risultate statisticamente significative le seguenti variazioni: IES totale [Z = -1,99; p = ,046], sintomi intrusivi IES [Z = -2,21; p = ,027], sintomi di evitamento IES [Z = -1,99; p = ,046], ideazione paranoide SCL [Z = -2,21; p = ,027]; R-R, LF e LF/HF (rapporto basse/alte frequenze) durante ascolto evento [Z = -2,02; p = ,043]. Discussione: a livello basale gli indicatori HRV di distress vegetativo correlano positivamente con collera-ostilità e sintomi intrusivi, negativamente con ansia e depressione. Anche dopo tre mesi dalla fine del trattamento gli interventi psicoterapeutici tendono a ridurre i punteggi sintomatici, e migliorano il bilancio simpato-vagale durante il riascolto dell’evento traumatico.

Introduction: trauma patients have symptomatic changes such as intrusiveness, avoidance and increased arousal, which hampers the development / integration of memory traces, as well as speak at the peripheral level. Specific techniques of treatment seem to promote the formulation and integration of traumatic memories, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In evaluation research is therefore necessary to combine psychological scales appropriate indicator organic autonomic activation. The heart rate variability (Heart Rate Variability - HRV) expresses functional integrity of the autonomic nervous system in response stress and can be measured in time or frequency domains. The study of HRV has been applied in psychiatric disorders anxiety (panic, DOC, PTSD) and mood (unipolar depression) in cross-disciplinary (compared with healthy controls) and longitudinal drug treatment (tricyclic SSRIs), but in a few cases in psychotherapeutic treatment. The AA. evaluate the use of HRV as a biological indicator in the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients with adjustment disorder erdurante more than a month after exposure to stressful life events (EVS). Methods: 6 subjects were recruited (M / F = 1 / 5, age 40.5 ± 11.0) exposed to EVS and initiated treatment cycle psychotherapeutic short (4-6 sessions weekly) type specific (EMDR) or generic (hearing supported). Exclusion criteria were: age <18 or> 65 years, psychiatric comorbidity, neurological and cardiological, use of drugs interfering. Psychopathological assessments were performed at recruitment (TBASE: anamnestic interview, MINI, Brief COPE) at the beginning and end of treatment cycle (TINI, TFINE: IES, SCL-90-R) in a three-month follow-up (T30, T90: IES, SCL-90-R, Brief COPE). Holter recordings were made at each interval evaluation covering: 60 min. free activity, 10 min. tilt-test, 3-5 min. listening to the traumatic event, 30-45 minutes. psychotherapy session. Were used nonparametric statistical tests for analysis correlations (Spearman) and differences (Wilcoxon). Preliminary results: the correlations are evaluated and changes TINI vs. T90. TINI. Significant correlations are the following: SCL phobic anxiety and SDNN (standard dev. RR intervals) [r = + 0.9, p =, 037]; anger-hostility SCL SDNN [r = -0.95, p =. 014]; SCL depression r-mssd (root mean square sum diff. RR) [r = + 0.9, p =, 037]; sint. IES intrusive and LF (low frequency) [r = -0.9, P =, 037]. Were statistically significant, the following changes: IES total [Z = -1.99, p =, 046], IES intrusive symptoms [Z = -2.21, p =, 027], symptoms of avoidance IES [Z = -1.99, p =, 046] , SCL paranoid [Z = -2.21, p =, 027], RR, LF and LF / HF ratio (low / high frequencies) while listening event [Z = -2.02, p =, 043]. Discussion: At baseline HRV indicators of distress correlated positively with growing anger-hostility, and intrusive symptoms, negatively with anxiety and depression. Even after three months of the end of psychotherapeutic treatment interventions aimed at reducing symptom scores and enhance sympathetic vagal balance during the playback of the traumatic event.

Keywords: Heart Rate Variability Poster Stress Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

250. Maxfield, L. (2002, June). The influence of methodological variables on outcome in psychotherapy research. Panel discussion (L. Beutler, Discussant, EMDR research and its future: Ecological validity, process research, outcome findings, and socio-political context) at the (SPR) Society for Psychotherapy Research, International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Although there is consensus that EMDR is efficacious in the treatment of PTSD, different studies have achieved a range of results. This presentation reviews a methodological meta-analysis that found a significant positive correlation between effect size and ratings of methodological rigor. Specific client, therapist, and methodological factors were identified in the analysis as accounting for some of the disparities in outcome. These variables are examined, and include the over-all rigor of the study, qualities of the assessor, treatment fidelity, symptom severity, and appropriate course of treatment. Implications for interpreting research outcomes are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research. The scale for assessing methodological variables was adapted from Foa and Meadows (1997), and the analysis suggests modifications and additions to improve the measurement of methodology.

Keywords: Methodology Outcome Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

251. Greenwald, R. (1996, February). The information gap in the EMDR controversy. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 27(1), 67-72. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.27.1.67 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed treatment for traumatic memories. The literature on EMDR is characterized by widely contrasting results and interpretations of findings. The author traces this variation to the substantial information gap between those with and without formal EMDR training. Misconceptions are highlighted, and EMDR is reassessed favorably with fidelity to the treatment protocol emerging as a critical factor. Recommendations are made for higher standards of publication, research, and training in EMDR, particularly in light of the wider availability of information and training engendered by the publication of an EMDR textbook. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Literature Review Professional Training Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

252. Manfield, P. (2000). Innovative EMDR-Ansätze: Die Anwendungsfelder von EMDR [Innovative approaches to EMDR]. Paderborn: Junfermann.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
EMDR wurde von Francine Shapiro infolge einer zufälligen Entdeckung, die sie im Jahre 1987 machte, entwickelt. Wie sie selbst in ihrem Vorwort zu diesem Buch schreibt, ist "EMDR ... mittlerweile zu einer Methodologie geworden, die Aspekte aller wichtigen psychotherapeutischen Methoden zu einem fokussierten Ansatz für die Behandlung eines großen Spektrums von Pathologien vereint." Das vorliegende Buch setzt an, wo die formelle EMDR-Ausbildung endet. Mittlerweile wurde mit Hilfe wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen nachgewiesen, daß EMDR die psychologischen Nachwirkungen traumatischer Erinnerungen ungeheuer erfolgreich zu behandeln vermag. Anhand von Fallstudien wird im vorliegenden Buch untersucht, in welchen anderen Bereichen EMDR nützliche Dienste leisten könnte. Unter diesen befinden sich so schwierig zu behandelnde Probleme wie längerfristiger Kindesmißbrauch und komplexe Fälle von posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung. Die wiedergegebenen elf Fallberichte veranschaulichen die Anwendung von EMDR auf ein großes Spektrum von Fällen. Die zahlreichen klinischen Beispiele werden angehenden EMDR-Therapeuten helfen, die neu erlernte Methode bei ihren Klienten anzuwenden, und sie liefern erfahrenen EMDR-Praktikern Modelle zur Erweiterung der Anwendung dieser Methode. Durch die gut verständlichen Erklärungen des Behandlungsprozesses wird EMDR sowohl für Kliniker als auch für Klienten entmystifiziert. Die Autoren der Einzelbeiträge sind Vertreter unterschiedlicher psychotherapeutischer Ansätze, unter anderem des psychodynamischen, des behavioristischen, des kognitiven und des systemischen.

EMDR was developed by Francine Shapiro as a result of an accidental discovery she made in 1987. As she writes in her foreword to this book, "EMDR is ... now become a methodology that combines aspects of all major psychotherapeutic methods into a focused approach to the treatment of a wide spectrum of pathologies." This book is at, where the formal EMDR training ends. Now been shown through scientific studies that EMDR can handle the psychological aftermath of traumatic memories enormously successful. Through case studies is examined in this book could make in what other areas EMDR useful services. Among these are so difficult to treat problems such as longer-term complex cases of child abuse and post traumatic stress disorder. The reproduced eleven case reports illustrate the application of EMDR to a wide range of cases. The numerous clinical examples will help prospective EMDR therapists who learned new method for their clients to apply and provide experienced EMDR practitioners to increase their use of this method. Due to the easily understandable explanations of the treatment process is demystified both EMDR for clinicians and for clients. The authors of individual contributions are representatives of different psychotherapeutic approaches, including the psychodynamic, the behavioral, cognitive, and systemic.

Keywords: Innovations

Accuracy Verified: Yes

253. Brown, S., & Gilman, S. (2007). An integrated trauma treatment program (ITTP) in the Thurston County Drug Court Program: Program summary - An integrated trauma treatment program (EMDR and seeking safety) as an enhancement in the Thurson County drug court program. Author.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The prevalence of co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in the criminal justice system is a serious issue for both men and women. The inattention to trauma before, during, and after involvement in the criminal justice system is problematic. Some research suggests that trauma-related disorders among those with SUD negatively affect post-incarceration outcomes (Kubiak, 2004). Therefore, from a practice and policy perspective, interventions addressing these co-occurring disorders should be made available to men and women within the criminal justice system. Current research recommends a phased and integrated treatment approach for co-occurring PTSD and SUD. SAMHSA (2005) reports that the integration of substance abuse treatment and mental health services for persons with co-occurring disorders (COD) has become a major treatment initiative. The specific Integrated Trauma Treatment Program (ITTP) described in this report is one possible treatment approach for this challenging population. This report will outline the rationale for the ITTP implemented in the Thurston County Drug Court Program (TCDCP) in Olympia, WA. In addition, it is hoped that results from this project will be considered when making policy recommendations for Drug Courts and other programs in the criminal justice system, as well as other public and private substance abuse treatment settings.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Substance Use Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

254. Korn, D. (1995, June). Integrative and strategic utilization of EMDR in treating survivors of sexual abuse. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will focus on integrating EMDR into an overall treatment plan and utilizing EMDR in conjunction with other cognitive behavioral approaches. Strategic utilization of EMDR to move clients through the various stages of recovery will be discussed. 1) In the first stage of treatment, safety, stabilization, coping, and development of a strong therapeutic relationship are emphasized. Treatment focuses on decreasing (1) suicidal and parasuicidal behavior, (2) treatment - interfering behavior, and (3) quality-of-life-interfering behavior (Linehan, 1993). Efforts are made to assist the client in developing a repertoire of cognitive-behavioral coping skills; relevant skills address grounding, trigger awareness, basic self - care, mindfullness, distress tolerance, affect regulation, assertiveness, relaxation, self - monitoring, stress inoculation, and cognitive restructuring. At this stage, EMDR can be used to shift negative cognitions which interfere with commitment to treatment, skill development, and the restoration of hope. The following are examples of negative cognitions whlch interfere with first stage stabilization goals: - I will only get acknowledgment of my pain if I act out. - I don't deserve to feel better. - If I take care of myself, no one will know I hurt. - I'm pathetic, a failure. - I will die/go crazy fiom these feelings. - I can never do anything right. - I can't stand this feeling. I must cut myself. - Don't trust anyone or anything. Newly learned information about coping can be reinforced and further integrated in the course of an EMDR session. Clients can be encouraged to notice their ability to tolerate affect and to practice their assertiveness skills, grounding skills, mindfulness skills, etc. 2) In the second stage of treatment, the focus is on processing traumatic memories and decreasing behaviors related to post-traumatic stress. EMDR interventions can be designed to assist clients with specific recovery tasks or issues: - fear/terror and associated avoidance - sense of powerlessnesshelplessness - responsibility/accountability - safety - self, others, environment - self-esteem/self as bad, defective, unlovable - lack of individuation - dependency - anger - grief/mouming - trust/mistrust - fear of abandonment - guilt/self-blame - shame/self-loathing With regard to each of these issues, maladaptive schemas can be addressed via effective cognitive interweave strategies. Ideas for supplementing EMDR work with written assignments, imagery exercises, recovery rituals, and planned in vivo exposure will be discussed. Strategies for handling possible problems, obstacles, or resistance at this stage will also be noted. Finally, the role of ongoing assessment and data collection in making decisions about EMDR targets will be addressed. 3) In the third stage of treatment, the emphasis is on personal development and increased connection with others. Recovery tasks and issues addressed via EMDR include: - Increasing intimacy and healthy connections - Increasing self-esteem - Increasing self-efficacy and sense of mastery - Reclaiming sexuality - Increasing self-efficacy and sense of mastery - Identity exploration and development - Establishing goals, initiating new projects, and taking reasonable risks At this stage, EMDR can be useful in detecting remnants of shame, fear, etc. In addition, EMDR can be used to reduce anxiety and increase confidence as a client sets his/her sights on the future and prepares to face new and challenging situations. EMDR can aid in the generalization of skills and adaptive schemas across time and place. It can facilitate the integration of a new, more positive and vital self-image. The presentation will conclude with a videotape case presentation highlighting relevant recovery tasks and issues in applying EMDR at a specific stage of treatment.

Keywords: Sexual Abuse Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

255. Tarquinio, C., Schmitt, A., Tarquinio, P., Rydberg, J.-A., & Spitz, E. (2012, April-June). Intérêt de la psychothérapie « eye movement desensitization reprocessing » dans le cadre de la prise en charge de femmes victimes de viols conjugaux [Benefits of "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" psychotherapy in the treatment of female victims of intimate partner rape]. Sexologies: Revue européenne de sexologie et de santé sexuelle / European Journal of Sexology and Sexual Health, 21(2), 92-99 doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2011.05.001 .

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence à partir du suivi de six femmes victimes de viols par leur conjoint, les effets de la thérapie « eye movement desensitization reprocessing », notamment en ce qui concerne la réduction des symptômes d’état de stress posttraumatique, d’anxiété et de dépression. Toutes ces femmes ont, en outre, fait l’objet d’une évaluation quantitative à partir d’échelles de mesure proposées avant la prise en charge ainsi qu’à l’issue de chacune des séances. Les échelles utilisées sont l’Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, l’Impact Event Scale et un indicateur propre à la thérapie Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, le Subject Unit of Distress. Les victimes ont également participé à deux entretiens plus qualitatifs avant et après la prise en charge, afin d’évaluer plus précisément la présence ou non de symptômes d’état de stress post-traumatique sur la base des indications fournies par le Manuel Diagnostic et Statistique des troubles mentaux (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2004). Les résultats obtenus sont conformes à nos attentes et montrent une diminution significative et progressive des scores aux différentes échelles au fur et à mesure des séances. Ainsi, comme on le rencontre classiquement dans la littérature, une prise en charge par la thérapie Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing conduit les sujets à s’auto-évaluer comme étant de moins en moins perturbés au fur et à mesure que la psychothérapie progresse. Nous avons également pu observer une réduction importante des scores aux différentes échelles à l’issue des deux premières séances. Enfin, la prise en charge psychologique réalisée à partir de la thérapie « eye movement desensitization reprocessing » a conduit à une diminution notable du nombre de symptômes liés au diagnostic d’état de stress post-traumatique. Cette diminution s’est révélée homogène pour les trois critères pris en compte (critère B, C et D du American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2004).

The objective of this study is to demonstrate through monitoring of six women raped by their spouses, the effects of therapy "Eye Movement Desensitization reprocessing, "including with regard to reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress state, anxiety and depression. All these women have also been a quantitative assessment based on measurement scales proposed by the management and at the end of each session. The scales used were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Impact Event Scale and an indicator specific therapy Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, the Subject Unit of Distress. Victims have also participated in two interviews more qualitative before and after treatment to assess more accurately the presence or without symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on the basis of information provided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2004). The results are consistent with our expectations and show a significant decrease and progressive scores at different levels as and when the sessions. Thus, as is typically found in the literature, supported by a therapy Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing leads individuals to assess themselves as less disturbed as and as psychotherapy progresses. We also observed a significant reduction in scores on different scales at the end the first two sessions. Finally, the psychological care made from the therapy "eye movement Desensitization Reprocessing" led to a significant reduction in the number of symptoms to diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. This decrease has been consistent for the three criteria considered (criterion B, C and D of the American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2004).

Keywords: Anxiety Depression Females Marital Rape Partner Rape Victims Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

256. Chang, S. H. & Lee, Y. H. (2006, September). Interference of spontaneous eye movements during recollections changes the vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories?: A crucial test of possible EMDR mechanisms. Presentation at the 36th annual congress of the EABCT (European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies), Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study examined possible therapeutic mechanism of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Several studies have reported that bilateral eye movements during imagery could decrease vividness and emotionality of recollections. This study proposed a hypothesis, that was, the reduction of recall was due to the interference of spontaneous eye movements including conjugate lateral eye movements (CLEMs). 110 undergraduate students (47 men, 63 women) recalled two positive and two negative memories (the CLEMs of these memories were recorded by a digital camera at the same time) and rated their vividness and emotionality of the recollections. Next, participants recalled the memories while they were engaging in five between-group conditions (bilateral eye movements, left gaze, right gaze, central gaze, and mere imagery condition). Then participants recalled the event again and rated its vividness and emotionality. The results showed that the bilateral eye movements made autobiographical memories less vivid and less emotive, while mere image increased the vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories (ps < .05). Importantly, there was only one significant Valence × Time interaction effect (p < .05) in the left gaze condition. It showed that right hemisphere involved more negative emotions than positive, whereas left hemisphere involved no differences between negative and positive emotions. With regard to CLEMs, there were no different lateral eye movements between negative and positive memories. The study supported the idea that bilateral eye movements during imagery could decrease vividness and emotionality of recollections, and that interfering spontaneous eye movements changed vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories. The role of eye movements in the EMDR was discussed.

Keywords: Autobiographical Memory CLEM Eye Movements Gaze Direction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

257. Chang, S. H. & Lee, Y. H. (2005, August). Interfering CLEM reduces vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories. Presentation at the 2005 American Psychological Association Annual Convention, Washington, DC C. (NSC 93-2413-H-002-002-).

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Research background: It was noted that when people recalled an emotional event, there is a spontaneous eye movements during retrieval of memory, known as conjugate lateral eye movements (CLEM). Eye movements during mental imagery are not epiphenomenal but assist the process of image generation (Hebb, 1968; Brandt & Stark, 1997). If restricted to a fixed point, then the image of recall is impaired (Laeng & Teodorescu 2002). These findings might shed light on why bilateral eye movements during imagery could decrease vividness and emotionality of recollections. Objectives: Based on the above findings, this study examined possible therapeutic mechanism of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989, 1995, 2001), of which eye movement was a crucial treatment component. Specifically, the hypothesis that interfering CLEM via introducing bilateral eye movements or a fixed position could reduce vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories was examined in the present study. Further, whether there are different CLEMs (more rightward in positive and more leftward in negative) during retrieval of positive and negative memories was also investigated. Method: Seventeen healthy volunteers recalled two positive and two negative memories and rated their vividness and emotionality of the recollections. Next, memories were recalled whilst the participant was performing either bilateral eye movements (interference of CLEM) or mere image condition (non-interference of CLEM). Then participants were asked to recall the event again and to rate its vividness and emotionality. Vividness and emotionality ratings were analyzed using a 2 (EM condition: bilateral eye movement vs. mere image) × 2 (valence of memory: positive vs. negative) × 2 (time: before vs. after the intervention) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). During the first and last recall of each memory CLEM were recorded by a digital camera. To examine the effect of CLEM during recollections on emotionality and vividness of autobiographical memories, eye movements in each recall were counted into percentage time of eye gaze in three regions (leftward, middle, rightward), instead of counting the first lateral eye movement as used by the traditional method. Results: Compared to mere image condition, recollections after bilateral eye movements made subsequent recollections less vivid and less emotive, while the opposite was true for mere image condition. Regarding vividness, the 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA showed that there was a significant condition × time interaction. None of the other interactions or main effects reached significance. Simple main effect indicated that the change in vividness was significant in the mere image condition, but not in the eye movement condition. As to emotionality, the three way ANOVA showed that there was also a significant condition × time interaction. None of the other interactions or main effects reached significance. Simple main effect indicated that the change in emotionality was significant in the mere image condition, and in eye movement condition. Concerning percentage of gaze direction (left, right) in positive and negative memories, pair t test showed that there was a significant right gaze difference between positive and negative memories, and approached significant left gaze difference between positive and negative memories. With regard to CLEM, negative memories showed less right gazes and more left gazes than positive memories. Conclusion:The bilateral eye movements made autobiographical memories less vivid and less emotive than mere image condition, while mere image increased the vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories. Further, there is different CLEM for negative and positive memories. While the hypothesis that interference of CLEM reduced the vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories was confirmed, the role of eye movement in the EMDR was discussed and future research possibilities are proposed.

Keywords: Autobiographical Memory CLEM Eye Movements Gaze Direction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

258. Gafner, G. (1994). Intermittent use of EMDR with a Central American trauma survivor. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(3), 7-8.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Ross and Gonsalves (1993) on the use of EMDR in their seventh session of brief therapy with a Guatemalan who had faced persecution and trauma prior to to the U.S. They opted for EMDR at that juncture because of a need to reduce the intensity of the client's symptoms. Following one Session of EMDR, which the client said was "like magic," the 42-year-old man described improved sleep, an overall decrease in PTSD symptoms, and a reframing of past political persecution.

Keywords: Central America Political Persecution Survivor

Accuracy Verified: Yes

259. Pereira, I. (2012, Novembro). Intervenção psicoterapêutica no tratamento de paciente com a síndrome de fibromialgia [Psychotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome]. In EMDR e fibromialgia. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objetivo: Compartilhar a remissão dos sintomas da Síndrome da Fibriomialgia, com a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR – Dessensibilização e Reprocessamento através de movimentos oculares. R.M.S. iniciou seu tratamento psicoterapêutico em Outubro de 2010, na Abordagem Cognitiva Comportamental. R.M.S. nasceu em 23/06/1957, estava com 53 anos, viúva, tem duas filhas, uma solteira a outra casada. Sofria um luto há mais de três anos porque não aceitava a morte do marido. Apresentava Depressão e Ansiedade, e outras comorbidades: Anorexia Nervosa, Lúpus, Síndrome de Fibriomialgia. De Outubro de 2010 a Dezembro de 2011, a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica em TCC foi associada à medicação psicotrópica com a qual conseguiu redução dos sintomas depressivos. Fazia uso de outros medicamentos para a Síndrome da Fibriomialgia, Lúpus, assim como recorrentes internações em hospital de Clinica Médica Geral para a realização de procedimentos para a redução da dor intensa no corpo (Síndrome da Fibriomialgia) e de intervenção aos sintomas da Anorexia. Após um período de férias, entraram em contato comigo informando que a paciente estava hospitalizada permanecendo duas semanas com a hipótese diagnóstica de câncer, o que na sequência não foi confirmado, tendo recebido alta hospitalar. A dor intensa no corpo, a dificuldade para respirar permaneciam iguais. Solicitou o retorno para a psicoterapia, quando foi sugerido sobre a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR. As sessões foram realizadas conforme protocolo do EMDR. Para o Planejamento das Sessões o foco incial era a Síndrome de Fibriomialgia. Foi pedido à paciente para definir onde ela sentia mais dor no corpo, e de imediato mencionou a dificuldade para respirar, com a queixa de dor no peito. Nesta primeira sessão, ocorreram dessensibilização e reprocessamento rapidamente, tendo a mesma solicitado para trabalhar os braços. As sessões foram realizadas duas a três vezes na semana, e ao longo deste processo podem ser ouvidas frases tais quais: “Como pode passei por tantos médicos e estou sendo curada com por uma psicóloga” (sic); “Gastei com tanto medicamento, aqui com você não tomo remédio e não estou sentindo mais dor no meu corpo” (sic). A terapia prossegue a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR.

Objective: Share remission Syndrome Fibriomialgia, Psychotherapeutic Intervention with EMDR - Desensitization and Reprocessing through eye movements. R.M.S. began her psychotherapeutic treatment in October 2010, Cognitive Behavioral Approach. R.M.S. born on 06.23.1957, he was 53 years old, a widow, has two daughters, one married another maiden. He suffered a bereavement for over three years because they did not accept her husband's death. Presented Depression and Anxiety, and other comorbidities: Anorexia Nervosa, Lupus, Fibriomialgia Syndrome. From October 2010 to December 2011, Psychotherapeutic Intervention in CBT was associated with psychotropic medication which could reduce depressive symptoms. Made use of other medications for Fibriomialgia Syndrome, Lupus, as well as recurrent hospital admissions in Medical Clinic General to carry out procedures for the reduction of pain in the body (Fibriomialgia Syndrome) and intervention for symptoms of Anorexia. After a vacation, contacted me stating that the patient was hospitalized two weeks remaining in the diagnosis of cancer, which as a result was not confirmed, having been discharged. Severe pain in the body, difficulty breathing remained the same. Requested the return for psychotherapy, when it was suggested on EMDR Psychotherapeutic Intervention. The sessions were performed according to the protocol of EMDR. Planning sessions for the initial focus was Fibriomialgia Syndrome. The patient was asked to define where she felt more pain in the body, and immediately mentioned the difficulty breathing, complaining of chest pain. In this first session, desensitization and reprocessing occurred rapidly, with the same request to work the arms. The sessions were held two to three times a week, and during this process can be heard phrases such as: "How can so many doctors and I'm being healed by a psychologist with" (sic), "I spent with both medicine here I do not take medication with you and I'm not feeling more pain in my body "(sic). The therapy continues Psychotherapeutic Intervention EMDR.

Keywords: Comorbidity Fibromyalgia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

260. Maquierira, S., & Buthgen, C. (2005, Junio). Intervención en catástrofes. Un modelo integrativo con EMDR [Intervention in disasters. An integrative model with EMDR]. Presentación en el V Congreso Internacional de Trauma Psíquico y Estrés Traumático, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Keywords: Disasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

261. Fernandez, I. (2008, Novembre). Interventi precoci con EMDR: Applicazione nei disturbi post-traumatici acuti con vittime di disastri collettivi [Early intervention with EMDR: Application in mass post-traumatic stress/acute disaster victims. Plenaria presentato le applicazioni cliniche di EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Questa relazione descrive l’applicazione dell’EMDR come trattamento precoce focalizzato sul trauma rivolto a bambini coinvolti in diastri collettivi (disastri naturali, incidenti e provocato in modo intenzionale dalla mano dell’uomo). Il trattamento con EMDR in tutti questi casi è stato parte di un intervento con questa popolazione ed è stato il trattamento di elezione di bambini in età scolastica che erano stati i più esposti a eventi traumatici. In molti di questi casi, 3 cicli di sedute di EMDR sono stati organizzati ad un mese, a tre mesi e ad un anno dall’evento critico. I bambini hanno avuto delle sedute individuali nella maggior parte dei casi dato che avevano avuto una grave traumatizzazione, unite al lutto, dove avevano vissuto una minaccia alla propria vita e la perdita di amici e fratelli. Il supporto psicologico e il trattamento EMDR sono stati forniti anche ai genitori, al personale scolastico e questo aspetto è stato di fondamentale importanza negli ultimi interventi per rafforzare e mantenere i risultati nei bambini. I risultati di questionari e delle interviste cliniche per valutare la sintomatologia post-traumatica prima e dopo il trattamento verranno descritti durante la presentazione insieme ai dati del follow-up. Il gruppo trattato dimostra un miglioramento significativo dopo il trattamento con EMDR. L’analisi statistica dei risultati sarà descritta in modo approfondito. Durante la relazione verranno sottolineati gli aspetti clinici dell’applicazione dell’EMDR con i bambini dopo un trauma recente particolarmente grave. Le reazioni post-traumatiche di questo gruppo in età evolutiva sono state valutate, misurate e hanno dato delle informazioni rilevanti per questo campo di applicazione. Il trattamento EMDR con i genitori e con altri adulti coinvolti nel disastro e che era a contatto con i bambini si è rivelato un intervento chiave per quanto riguarda la sintomatologia dei bambini. A conclusione verranno presentate delle linee guida e delle indicazioni per la strutturazione di interventi sulla base di questi studi sul campo.

This report describes the application of EMDR as early treatment focused on trauma facing children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and pollution in intentionally by man). Treatment with EMDR in all these cases was part of an intervention with this population and was the treatment of choice for school-age children who were most exposed to events traumatic. In many of these cases, 3 cycles of EMDR sessions were held one month, three months and one year after the event critical. The children have had some individual sessions in most cases because they had severe trauma, united in mourning, where they had lived a threat to his life and the loss of friends and brothers. Psychological support and treatment EMDR was provided to parents, staff school and this aspect was of paramount importance in recent efforts to reinforce and keep the results in children. The results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess the symptoms post trauma before and after treatment will be described during the presentation along with the data of follow-up. The treated group demonstrated significant improvement after treatment with EMDR. The statistical analysis of results will be described in detail. The report will be highlighted during the clinical application of EMDR with children after a recent trauma particularly serious. Post-traumatic reactions of this growing age group were assessed, measured and have information relevant to this scope. EMDR treatment with parents and other adults involved in disaster and who was in contact with children has proved a key intervention regarding symptoms of children. A conclusion will discuss the guidelines and indications for the structuring of interventions based on these field studies.

Keywords: Early Intervention Mass Disasters Plenary Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

262. Giannantonio, M. (2002, Settembre). Interventi riparativi e generativi nelle patologie gravi dell’attaccamento e nel disturbo post-traumatico da stress: EMDR e psicoterapia ipnotica [Remedial work is generated at severity of disease and in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, EMDR and hypnotic psychotherapy]. Congresso SITCC 2002: Psicoterapia e Scienze Cognitive, Bologna, Italy.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In definitiva, nonostante la psicoterapia ipnotica e l'EMDR (ma certamente non solo queste metodiche) risultino efficaci nel trattamento del PTSD (Foa, Keane, Friedman, 2000), nondimeno tale efficacia deve essere valutata all’interno delle considerazioni precedentemente fatte, e quindi eventualmente sostenuta con opportuni distinguo metodologici e teoretici.

Ultimately, despite the hypnotic psychotherapy and EMDR (but certainly not only these methods) are effective in treating PTSD (Foa, Keane, Friedman, 2000), however, this effect must be evaluated within the considerations previously made, and then if supported by appropriate distinctions methodological and theoretical.).

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

263. Rutten, J. & Schlattmann, N. (2006). Interview met Renée Beer en Carlijn de Roos. Kinder- & Jeugdpsychotherapie, 33(3), 7-13.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In een themanummer over EMDR mag een interview met Renée Beer en Carlijn de Roos, de grondlegsters voor de toepassing bij kinderen en jeugdigen in Nederland, niet ontbreken. Enerzijds omdat EMDR nog steeds veel vragen oproept, anderzijds omdat wij hen aan het woord wilden laten over de wijze waarop zij, in ons land, EMDR als behandelmethode voor kinderen en jeugdigen tot ontwikkeling hebben gebracht. Beiden bleken meteen enthousiast voor dit interview en wij raakten al snel onder de indruk van het vele wat zij in korte tijd bereikt hebben. Hoe zijn zij in aanraking gekomen met EMDR? Waren ze meteen enthousiast of eerst nog wat sceptisch? Wat zijn de indicaties voor een EMDR behandeling en wat de contra-indicaties? Welke EMDR behandelingen zullen ze nooit meer vergeten? Voor welke problematiek vinden zij EMDR toepasbaar en wat zien zij als de beperkingen van EMDR? Tegen welke misvattingen en vooroordelen hebben ze moeten opboksen? Naast de antwoorden op deze vragen, wilden wij tevens weten of EMDR al toegepast wordt ingeval van nationale rampen en of Nederlandse EMDR therapeuten internationaal een rol spelen. Tenslotte wilden we natuurlijk horen hoe zij tegen de toekomst met betrekking tot EMDR aankijken.

In a special issue on EMDR may be an interview with Renee Beer and Carlijn the Rose, the ground legs heaters for use in children and adolescents in the Netherlands, not missing. Firstly, because EMDR still many questions calls, and secondly because we wanted to let them have their say on the way which they, in our country, EMDR as a treatment for children and youth development have brought. Both were immediately excited for this interview and we soon became impressed by the many things they have achieved in a short time. How did they come into contact with EMDR? They were immediately enthusiastic or get a little skeptical? What are the indications for EMDR treatment and what the contraindications? What EMDR treatments, they will never password? For what issues they find EMDR applicable and see what they see as the limitations of EMDR? At what misconceptions and prejudices they have to compete? Besides the answers to these questions, we wanted also know if EMDR is already applied in cases of national disasters and whether Dutch EMDR therapists play an international role. finally Of course we wanted to hear how they view the future with respect to EMDR look.

Keywords: Carlijn de Roos Interview Renée Beer

Accuracy Verified: Yes

264. Hermans, H. P., & de Putter, M. (2012). Is een toevoeging van een aspect uit de contraconditionering aan EMDR zinvol? [Is an addition of one aspect of the counter-conditioning to EMDR useful?]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement and Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is een beproefde methode voor de behandeling van posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTSS). Het verklaringsmechanisme van EMDR lijkt de werkgeheugentheorie te zijn. De werkgeheugentheorie voorspelt dat het belasten van het werkgeheugen tijdens het ophalen van een nare herinnering, de emotionaliteit van de herinnering doet afnemen. Het huidige onderzoek betrekt een aspect vanuit de contraconditionering bij oogbewegingen. Participanten werden ingedeeld in 3 condities: positief, negatief en neutraal. Elke participant voerde een tweetal reactietijd taken uit op de computer, waarvan één met een stilstaande stip en één met een bewegende stip. Daarnaast haalde elke participant 2 negatieve autobiografische herinneringen op, tijdens het ophalen van één herinnering keken participanten naar een stilstaande stip, terwijl bij de andere herinnering een bewegende stip gepresenteerd werd. Op het beeldscherm werd – afhankelijk van de conditie – een positieve, neutrale of negatieve foto als achtergrond geselecteerd om te kijken of de valentie van aangeboden foto’s het effect van oogbewegingen beïnvloeden. De reactietijd taken bieden inzicht in welke mate oogbewegingen een belasting voor het werkgeheugen vormen. De resultaten tonen significant tragere reactietijden wanneer participanten oogbewegingen moesten maken. Op het gebied van emotionaliteit is er eveneens een significant effect van oogbewegingen gevonden. De narigheid van de opgehaalde herinnering nam – onafhankelijk van conditie - af wanneer participanten oogbewegingen maakten. Uitkomsten van het huidige onderzoek vormen een bevestiging van de werkgeheugentheorie. Het verwachtte effect van valentie is uitgebleven, vermoedelijk doordat participanten de valentie van de foto’s niet goed meekregen. Adequaat vervolg onderzoek zal moeten uitwijzen of een toevoeging aan EMDR vanuit de contraconditioneringstheorie zinvol is.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a proven method for the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The declaration mechanism of EMDR seems to be working memory theory. The working memory theory predicts that taxing working memory during retrieval of a bad memory, the emotionality of the memory decreases. The present study involves an aspect from the counter-conditioning at eye movements. Participants were divided into 3 conditions: positive, negative and neutral. Each participant performed a two reaction tasks on the computer, one with a stationary dot and one with a moving dot. In addition, each participant took 2 negative autobiographical memories, while retrieving a reminder to participants watched a stationary spot, while the other memory a moving dot was presented. On the screen was - depending on the condition - a positive, neutral or negative picture as background selected to see if the valence of pictures presented the effect of eye movements influence. The response functions provide insight into the extent to which eye movements constitute a burden on the working memory. The results show significantly slower reaction times when participants had to make eye movements. In the area of emotionality is also a significant effect of eye movements found. The misery of the retrieved memory Rose - regardless of condition - off when participants made eye movements. Results of the present study are a confirmation of the working memory theory. The expected effect of valence failed to materialize, probably because participants the valence of the pictures are not good afterworld. Adequate follow-up study is needed to determine whether an addition to EMDR from the contralateral conditioning theory makes sense.

Keywords: Counter Conditioning Memory Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

265. Horne, B. (2012, April). Joyful practice: EMDR and the therapist. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will focus on the benefits of EMDR to the therapist, rather than to the client (for whom they are already well established!). It will examine the therapeutic relationship that is made necessary by the AIP, where in the therapist now takes the stance of privileged expert witness to the client's own healing, rather than being the agent or supplier of that healing. The history of the therapeutic relationship will be briefly tracked, with adescription of the paradigm shift that began with family systems pioneers such as Carl Whitaker, who challenged therapists to take a more client-centered, respectfull view of the therapeutic relationship. EMDR therapists can now shift from being “ helpers ” or “ healers ” to being informed and privileged witnesses. Norcross (2005) has demonstrated that EMDR is an "evidence-based therapy" largely due to the therapeutic attunement that it requires. The neurobiological & hormonal benefits of attunement (Schore, Gray) are coming to be better understood. This attunement will be examined from the point of view of the benefit to the therapist, as well as to the client. This attunement greatly enhances ourability to work joyfully and abundantly (and hence, more effectively). These benefits, accompanied by the optimism and hope that is fed by therepeated witnessing of our clients ’ transformations precludes any possibility of compassion fatigue — indeed the work is exhilarating. This workshop will be largely didactic, but case examples and space for sharing & discussion will be incorporated into the 90-minutes framework.
Learning Objectives: 1.Participants will compare the traditional medical-model therapeutic relationship with EMDR’s more client-respectful / responsible model. 2. Participants will expand their understanding of how the AIP dictates & requires this changed therapeutic relationship and its impact on us as therapists. 3. Participants will identify and examine the EMDR therapist ’ s freedom from responsibility for our clients and appreciate the impact on us of our routinely excellent treatment outcomes 4. Participants will identify and acknowledge the benefits of therapeutic attunement to the therapist. 5. Participants will show awareness of their own experiences, from the point of view of the therapist-benefit aspects of EMDR.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

266. Burne, J. (1994, July 26). Just follow my finger, can simple eye treatments cure deep-seated traumas?. London, England: The Independent.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract: At 38, Emma was walking Which? -guide to therapies: behaviourist, cognitive, hypnosis, family and psychiatry. For 18 years she had tried the lot in an increasingly despairing attempt 'to conquer her agoraphobia. So it was with considerable scepticism that she embarked last year on a new therapy - Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) - that was apparently achieving miracle cures across the United States. What made her even more wary was that It sounded as absurdly simple as it was bizarre.

Keywords: General London Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

267. Lovett, J. M. (2000). Kleine wunder [Small wonders]. Paderborn: Junfermann.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Traumatische Erlebnisse, wie sie bei Kindern häufig vorkommen, können die normale gesunde Entwicklung der Betreffenden, ihre Selbstachtung und das Zusammenleben ihrer Familien stark belasten. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ist ein umfassender therapeutischer Ansatz, der Patienten in kurzer Zeit hilft, belastende Gedanken und Emotionen, die durch traumatische Erlebnisse entstanden sind, aufzulösen. Traumatisch wirken im allgemein akzeptierten Sinne Mißbrauchs- oder Mißhandlungserlebnisse, Naturkatastrophen und Gewalttätigkeit, doch können Kinder auch viel harmlosere Vorgänge als sehr bedrohlich erfahren. Ein Unfall auf dem Spielplatz, der Verlust eines sehr nahestehenden Menschen oder Probleme in der Schule schockieren ein Kind oft viel stärker als einen Erwachsenen. Außerdem können solche Vorfälle bewirken, daß sich ein Kind hilflos und machtlos fühlt, ängstlich wird und belastende Verhaltensprobleme entwickelt. Das Buch Kleine Wunder befaßt sich auf sehr ansprechende und eingehende Weise mit den Möglichkeiten therapeutischer EMDR-Arbeit mit Kindern. Das Buch wendet sich an Eltern, die sich Sorgen darum machen, wie ihre Kinder ein gewisses grundlegendes Vertrauen entwickeln können, außerdem an Erwachsene, die sich damit beschäftigen wollen, wie die Geschehnisse in ihrer Kindheit ihr Selbstbild geprägt haben, und an Therapeuten, die mehr über EMDR sowie auch darüber erfahren wollen, wie diese Methode auf die besonderen Bedürfnisse traumatisierter Kinder abgestimmt werden kann.

Traumatic experiences, such as occur frequently in children, can pollute the normal healthy development of the individuals themselves, their self-esteem and the coexistence of their families strong. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a comprehensive therapeutic approach that patients in a short time helps to resolve stressful thoughts and emotions that are caused by traumatic experiences. Traumatic effect in the generally accepted meaning abuse or maltreatment experiences, natural disasters and violence, but children can also learn much more harmless activities as very threatening. An accident on the playground, the loss of a very loved one or problems at school to shock a child often much stronger than an adult. Furthermore, such incidents have the effect that a child feels helpless and powerless, anxious and is developed incriminating behavior problems. Small wonder the book deals in a very appealing and detailed way with the possibilities of therapeutic EMDR work with children. This book is for parents who are worried about how their children can develop some basic trust, also for adults who want to deal with how the events have shaped her childhood her self-image, and therapists, the more about EMDR, and also about to learn how this method can be adapted to the special needs of traumatized children.

Keywords: Children Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

268. Ziveri, D. (2002). L'efficacia dell‘EMDR nella psicoterapia del PTSD e dei ricordi traumatici: Valutazione delle risposte del potenziale elettrodermico (SPR) attraverso il biofeedback [The effectiveness of EMDR psychotherapy on PTSD and traumatic memories: Assessing the potential electrodermal responses (SPR) through biofeedback]. WWW.Psicotraumatologia.com, Pubblicazioni in linguia italiana..

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Nel XXI secolo per la prima volta l'uomo avrà il potere di plasmare la Terra che desidera, costruire edifici alti come montagne e navi capaci di portarlo nello spazio, mettere insieme macchine intelligenti, sconfiggere molte malattie e cambiare se stesso intervenendo sui geni. A queste visioni ottimistiche (rassicuranti?) del futuro risponde la realtà del nuovo millennio: situazione ecologica planetaria prossima al collasso, panico ad occidente e disperazione a Sud. Vi sono circa 50 guerre in atto nel mondo con milioni di morti quasi tutti civili e colonne di profughi in fuga, nuovi pericoli terroristici e rilancio delle armi atomiche e dell'industria bellica. Ci sembra che tutto questo accada altrove, al di là di uno schermo televisivo; ma se oggi anche i problemi sono globalizzati allora allarmi ed appelli alla giustizia, alla pace ed alla solidarietà sono rivolti ad ogni coscienza. Particolarmente attente dovrebbero essere le menti di politici e scienziati di ogni parte del mondo. Particolarmente sensibili alle tematiche in questione dovrebbero essere le professioni d'aiuto. Dobbiamo chiederci cosa succeda alle vittime del potere di pochi. “E poi so bene: tutto ciò che si affonda in noi, come un mucchio di pietrame, finché dura la guerra, si ridesterà un giorno a guerra finita, e allora comincerà la resa dei conti, per la vita e per la morte.” (Niente di nuovo sul fronte occidentale, Erich Maria Remarque, 1929). Nella tradizione rileviamo un'attenzione quasi esclusiva per l’organismo e per le lesioni fisiche dell'uomo colpito dalla violenza. Il passo in avanti 6 consiste nel superare l'attenzione esclusiva al corpo per occuparsi anche delle ferite psichiche, altrettanto gravi e profonde di quelle fisiche. Se il termine psicologia significa nella sua origine greca "discorso sull'anima" ad indicare la ricerca della conoscenza del comportamento e dell'animo umano, esso indica oggi una disciplina sempre più attenta al suo essere scientifica. Tuttavia non dobbiamo disgiungere la scientificità della ricerca dall'utilità dell'intervento clinico, fine ultimo della professione. Il lavoro che vado presentando nasce da una riflessione sulla capacità della psicologia di fornire risposte concrete a situazioni complesse ed altrimenti difficili per ogni uomo. Ogni violenza, dai lontani scenari di guerra a quelli domestici di abuso, è un'immane tragedia: la ricerca sul disturbo post-traumatico da stress (PTSD) e gli interessanti e promettenti risultati di tecniche terapeutiche come l'Eyes Movements Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) meritano perciò molta attenzione. Si ricordi che nel 1987 il primo studio della dott.sa Francine Shapiro, scopritrice di tale metodo, aiutò proprio una vittima della guerra del Vietnam. Questo caso oltre a gettare le basi per le successive ricerche controllate su tale terapia innovativa e a permetterne lo sviluppo, lasciò intravedere una speranza per le molte vittime dei conflitti armati e della violenza. L’EMDR si presenta come una buona risposta rapida ed efficace, la più efficace secondo alcune valutazioni meta-analitiche, all’insorgenza del PTSD per la risoluzione di eventi non elaborati. Non stiamo parlando di una panacea indistinta per tutti i casi in ogni condizione. Tuttavia le sue caratteristiche di brevità (in circostanze favorevoli), di buoni risultati, di integrazione tra diversi approcci ed il carattere non invasivo, ne fanno un candidato ideale come strumento d’elezione per il PTSD. 7 Dato quindi l’alto potenziale presentato dalla metodica in ambito clinico, la ricerca si pone come assolutamente necessaria e le prove sperimentali come essenziali. Queste alfine sono le considerazioni da cui muove l’intero percorso sperimentale qui esposto. Vorrei testimoniare con questo lavoro l’affetto verso i miei genitori. Ringrazio l’equipe che sta conducendo questa ricerca: il relatore prof. Roberto Anchisi, il correlatore prof. Roberto Guzzi, il correlatore dott. Michele Giannantonio e l’Associazione Emdr per l’Italia, specialmente la dott.sa Isabel Fernandez, nonché i valutatori indipendenti. Ringrazio di cuore tutte le persone a me vicine che mi hanno aiutato, Diego per la correzione delle bozze, il dott. Davide Gerevini perché è un amico e per il suo paziente aiuto. Non dimenticherò mai Capitan Max, l'imprevedibile Davide e Valentina, le persone più speciali che abbia incontrato durante questo corso di laurea.

In the twenty first century man has the power to shape the earth he wants to build tall buildings like mountains and ships able to carry it into space, putting together intelligent machines, overcome many diseases and change himself by acting on genes. These optimistic views (reassuring?) Of the future meets the reality of the new millennium: global ecological situation close to collapse, panic and despair in the south west there are about 50 wars taking place in the world with millions of dead civilians and almost all columns of refugees fleeing new dangers of terrorism and revival of atomic weapons and war industry. It seems that this happens elsewhere, beyond the television screen, but if the problems today are globalized, then alarms and calls for justice, peace and solidarity are addressed to all consciousness. Should be particularly attentive minds of politicians and scientists all over the world. Particularly sensitive to these themes should be the helping professions. We must ask ourselves what happens to victims of the power of a few. "And then I know: all that sinks in us, like a pile of stones, as long the war lasts, you awaken one day after the war, and then begin the reckoning for the life and death." (All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque, 1929). In tradition we find an almost exclusive to the body and the human suffering personal injury from violence. The sixth step is to overcome the exclusive attention to the body to deal also with psychic wounds, serious and profound as those of individuals. If the word psychology in its Greek origin means "soul talk" to indicate the search for knowledge of the behavior and the human soul, it now shows a discipline increasingly attentive to its being scientific. But we must not separate the scientific research of clinical utility of the intervention, the ultimate goal of the profession. The work that I presented comes from a reflection on the ability of psychology to provide practical answers to complex situations and otherwise difficult for everyone. All violence, far from war scenarios to domestic abuse, is a great tragedy: the research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the interesting and promising results of therapeutic techniques such as desensitization and reprocessing Eyes Movements ( EMDR) deserve so much attention. Remember that in 1987 the first study of dott.sa Francine Shapiro, discoverer of that method, he helped his victim of the Vietnam War. This case as well as lay the groundwork for subsequent research on that check and allow the development of innovative therapy, suggests a hope for many victims of armed conflicts and violence. EMDR is as good a rapid and effective response, the most effective according to some meta-analytic assessments, the occurrence of PTSD for the resolution of events not processed. We're not talking about a vague panacea for all cases in all conditions. However, the characteristics of brevity (under favorable circumstances), good results of integration between different non-invasive approaches and make it an ideal candidate as a tool of choice for PTSD. 7 Since then the high potential of the method presented in the clinical setting, the research is absolutely necessary and the tests as essential. These are the considerations which finally moves the entire experimental process outlined here. I would witness this job affection to my parents. I thank the team that is conducting this research: the advisor prof. Roberto Anchises, the co-professor. Roberto Guzzi, the co-Dr. Michael Giannantonio EMDR and the Association for Italy, especially dott.sa Isabel Fernandez, as well as independent evaluators. I warmly thank all the people close to me who helped me, Diego for proofreading, Dr. David Gerevini because he is a friend and for his patient help. I will never forget Captain Max, David and Valentina unpredictable, the most special people I have met during this course.

Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD SPR Treatment Efficacy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

269. Lazzari, D. (2008, Novembre). L'EMDR in ottica PNEI (interazione corpo-mente) [EMDR in optical PNEI (interaction body-mind)]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In questi anni l’EMDR si è affermata come trattamento di evidenza nel più classico e più grave dei disturbi direttamente legati allo stress, cioè il PTSD (Bisson & Andrew, 2007) e sono stati evidenziati i suoi effetti sul SNC. Nonostante questo ed il suo progressivo impiego in una ampia varietà di situazioni sono ancora poche le riflessioni sull’EMDR dal punto di vista dell’integrazione mente-corpo, in particolare utilizzando i dati offerti dal campo di ricerca della PNEI. Nel presente lavoro ci soffermeremo su alcuni di questi aspetti per evidenziare come l’EMDR rappresenta una delle terapie più rispondenti alle nuove evidenze scientifiche ed alle esigenze di una scienza integrata della salute. Tre gli elementi salienti offerti dalla ricerca: 1. La vita ha plasmato nel percorso evolutivo strutture altamente integrate, descrivibili come sistemi complessi a rete in retroazione continua con il contesto. In particolare i sistemi nervoso, endocrino ed immunitario costituiscono nel network psicocorporeo un “super-sistema” di relazione e regolazione in grado di assicurare gli equilibri adattativi incorporando l’esperienza e gestendo la dinamica mantenimento-cambiamento (“regolazione allostatica”). Quindi l’organismo non è una macchina fatta di parti autonome tra loro assemblate, ma una realtà che parte dall’unità (zigote) e mantiene tale carattere unitario in tutte le sue articolazioni. 2. Lo stress non è qualcosa di per sé eccezionale e patologico, deve invece essere visto – all’opposto – come l’espressione di un insieme di processi (un sistema) che modulano la regolazione individuo-contesto a fini adattativi. In sostanza il sistema dello stress è sempre attivo e solo in situazioni di eccesso o di carenza (acute o croniche) produce effetti progressivamente dannosi per l’individuo. Le attività legate allo stress producono un “carico allostatico” (peso biologico, energetico) che – in relazione a fattori soggettivi ed esterni – può divenire “sovraccarico” innescando una catena di successive alterazioni nel funzionamento dell’organismo. Parallelamente vi è un “carico” ed un “sovraccarico psicologico” legati al primo da processi circolari. 3. Nel network corporeo e nel sistema dello stress, ovvero nei processi di regolazione generale interni e individuo-contesto, la mente svolge un ruolo cruciale di modulazione come dimensione nella quale i segnali (interni ed esterni) vengono trasformati in informazioni (assegnazione di significati) in base ai percorsi ed alle esigenze individuali di adattamento. La mente rappresenta così la più alta espressione dell’evoluzione della vita e delle sue strategie adattative e ciò spiega il suo ruolo rispetto al funzionamento complessivo dell’organismo. Le recenti acquisizioni delle neuroscienze hanno mostrato l’interdipendenza tra attività psichica, espressione genica e plasticità cerebrale che rende possibile il ruolo della mente. Il sovraccarico allostatico e psicologico legati allo stress dipendono in gran parte dall’attività mentale e costituiscono il principale fattore di rischio per la salute nelle società occidentali, antecedenti accertati delle patologie più diffuse. Se guardiamo a quanto detto sinora nell’ottica dello sviluppo individuale (fase intrauterina, processi di attaccamento, eventi significativi successivi) possiamo avere una idea di come mente, corpo e contesto interagiscono nella strutturazione dell’individuo ed il ruolo condizionante e de-strutturante delle situazioni e degli eventi che provocano una alterazione da stress. Le ricerche sul rapporto tra stress e sviluppo psicobiologico, tra modalità di attaccamento, strutturazione dei circuiti cerebrali, o tra queste e salute, confermano tali assunti (Lazzari, 2007). Venendo più da vicino all’EMDR, gli studi sulla psicobiologica del PTSD stanno mostrando che siamo di fronte sostanzialmente ad una manifestazione (particolarmente complessa ed accentuata) degli effetti dello stress sul network psicocorporeo (Iribarren et al., 2005). La ricerca sul PTSD (e gli altri disturbi da stress del DSM) deve incrociare necessariamente i filoni di studio sopra richiamati ed utilizzare la cornice concettuale che ne scaturisce. Gli effetti psicobiologici dello stress estremo e del trauma vanno inquadrati nell’ambito delle interazioni mente-corpo e della regolazione allostatica (carico vs sovraccarico allostatico). A nostro avviso, al di là degli specifici effetti sul SNC, l’EMDR si è mostrata efficace nel PTSD in relazione alla sua caratteristica generale di ricercare ed utilizzare come “target” non singoli aspetti di una esperienza, bensì l’esperienza nei suoi diversi aspetti: cognitivi, emotivi, fisiologici e relazionali. Il lavoro dell’EMR va a recuperare una integrazione perduta e lavora su questa. Si deve tenere presente infatti che, in via generale e preminente, lo stress compromette i livelli di integrazione, coerenza e flessibilità del sistema: lo stress cronico per processi progressivi di disregolazione, quello acuto per “rotture”, blocchi e sconnessioni. Pertanto l’elaborazione dell’informazione (e delle conseguenze) legata ad eventi e situazioni stressanti passa attraverso una re-integrazione di tutti gli aspetti psicobiologici correlati per giungere ad una ristrutturazione. Il livello di “penetrazione” (efficacia) di un approccio terapeutico è molto legato alla sua omogeneità con la realtà su cui interviene,cioè al fatto di parlare lo stesso linguaggio. E questo è un punto di forza notevole per l’EMDR. I dati disponibili sono coerenti con quanto enunciato: l’EMDR modifica i parametri fisiologici riducendo ed annullando l’attivazione da stress, spostando la bilancia dall’inibizione simpatica all’attivazione parasimpatica (Sack et al. 2007) e risulta associata l’abbassamento dell’arousal fisiologico, cioè con pattern di attività regolari e trofiche (Sack et al. 2008), mostrando similarità con quanto accade durante il sonno REM (Elofsson et al., 2008). L’EMDR incide altresì su disturbi fisici legati al sistema dello stress, come ad esempio hanno mostrato ricerche su patologie dermatologiche (Gupta, 2002).

In recent years, EMDR has established itself as the treatment of evidence in the most classical and most serious of disorders directly related to stress, that is, PTSD (Bisson & Andrew, 2007) and were highlighted its effects on the CNS. Despite this and its progressive use in a wide variety of situations are still few reflections from the perspective sull'EMDR mind-body integration, in particular using data provided by the search of PNEI. In this work we will focus on some of these issues to highlight how EMDR is one of the therapies are more responsive to new scientific evidence and the needs of an integrated science of health. Three main elements of research are: 1. Life has shaped the evolutionary highly integrated structures, we describe how systems complex feedback network continues with the context. In particular, the nervous, endocrine immune network and provide psycho in a "super-system" of relationship and adjustment able to ensure the balance incorporating adaptive expertise and managing the dynamic maintenance-change ( "regulation allostatica"). Then the body is a machine made of autonomous parts, assembled together, but a reality that leaves the unit (zygote) and maintains that unitary in all its joints. 2. Stress is not something in itself exceptional and pathological, but must be seen - in contrast -- as the expression of a set of processes (a system) that modulate the individual-regulation framework for adaptive. In essence, the system of stress is always on and only in situations of excess or deficiency (acute or chronic) effects progressively damaging to the individual. The Stress-related activity produces a "load allostatico" (weight biological energy) that -- relation to subjective factors and external - can become "overloaded" by triggering a chain of subsequent alterations in the functioning of the organism. In parallel there is a "load" and a "Overload psychological" processes related to the first round. 3. In the network system and body of stress, or in the process of setting general internal and individual-context, the mind plays a crucial role as a dimension of modulation in which signals (internal and external) are transformed into information (assigning meanings) depending on the paths and individual needs of adaptation. The mind is so the highest expression of the evolution of life and its adaptive strategies, which explains its role in relation to the overall functioning of the organism. The recent acquisitions of neuroscience have shown the interdependence of psychic activity, gene expression and plasticity brain that makes the role of the mind. Overload allostatico and psychological stress-related depend in large part by activism mental and constitute the main risk factor for health in Western societies, antecedents established disease spreading. If we look to the foregoing view of personal development (stage intrauterine attachment process, significant events later) we can have an idea of how mind, body and environment interact in the structuring the individual and the role conditioning and de-structuring of situations and events that cause an alteration by stress. Research on the relationship between stress and psychobiological development, including mode of attachment, structure of brain circuits, or between them and health, confirmation of these given (Lazzari, 2007). Coming closer all'EMDR, psychobiological studies of PTSD are showing that we are dealing essentially an event (especially complex and pronounced) the effects of stress on the network psycho (Iribarren et al., 2005). Research on PTSD (and other stress disorders DSM) must necessarily cross the strands study mentioned above and use the conceptual framework that arises. Psychobiological effects of extreme stress and trauma should be classified within mind-body interactions and regulation allostatica (load vs. overload allostatico). In our view, beyond the specific effects on the CNS, EMDR has been shown effective in PTSD in connection with his characteristic broad research and use as a "target" rather than individual aspects of an experience, but experience in its different aspects: cognitive, emotional, physiological and relational. Work dell'EMR goes to retrieve a lost and working on this integration. It should be remembered that, in general, and prominent, stress affects the levels of integration, consistency and flexibility of the system: chronic stress for progressive process of dysregulation, the acute "broken", blocks and disconnections. Therefore processing information (and consequences) related to events and stressful situations through a re-integration of all aspects related to psychobiological reach a restructuring. The level of "penetration" (effectiveness) of a therapeutic approach is very attached to his homogeneity with the reality on which it operates, namely the fact of speaking the same language. And this is a great asset for EMDR. The available data are consistent with the statement: EMDR change physiological parameters reducing and canceling the activation by stress, shifting the balance from the inhibition nice parasympathetic activation (Sack et al. 2007) and is associated with lowering dell'arousal physiological, ie regular patterns of activity and trophic (Sack et al. 2008), showing similarities with what happens during REM sleep (Elofsson et al., 2008). EMDR also impacts on physical ailments related to the system of stress, such as have Show searches on dermatological (Gupta, 2002).

Keywords: Body-Mind Interaction PNEI

Accuracy Verified: Yes

270. Binatti, C., & Sterpone, R. (2000, Novembre). L'EMDR nell'ambulatorio per l'enuresi di un ospedale infantile [EMDR outpatient department for enuresis in children's hospital]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Da diverso tempo il Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche in Età Pediatrica e la S.O.S. di Psicologia dell’Ospedale Infantile dell’Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale di Alessandria “Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo” collaborano nel trattamento dell’enuresi in età evolutiva, mediante associazione di intervento medico/farmacologico e di psicoterapia ad orientamento cognitivo-comportamentale. La decisione di costruire e progettare uno spazio comune in questo ambito è stata presa dopo alcune considerazioni nate dall’esperienza nel trattamento di questo disturbo: da anni l’ambulatorio di Urologia si occupa della diagnostica e della terapia dell’incontinenza, come da molto tempo si osservano innumerevoli casi di bambini con enuresi, che richiedono un sostegno presso il Servizio di Psicologia. In questo tipo di intervento è stato inserito anche l’EMDR al fine di favorire la riprocessazione delle esperienze dolorose legate al problema.

For some time the Department of Surgical Sciences in children and SOS Children's Hospital of Psychology of the Hospital of Alexandria National Saints Biagio and Anthony and Caesar Henry "collaborate in the treatment dell'enuresi in childhood, through association of medical / pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral approach to psychotherapy. The decision to design and build a common space in this area was made after some considerations arising from the experience in treating this disorder: years of surgery Urology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of incontinence, as long observed countless cases of children with enuresis, which require support from the Psychology Service. In this type of intervention is also included in EMDR to facilitate the reprocessing of painful experiences related to the problem.

Keywords: Children Enuresis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

271. Anchisi, R. (1995, Aprile). L'eye movement desensitization nel trattamento degli incubi: Presentazione di un caso [The eye movement desensitization in the treatment of nightmares: Case presentation]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 1(1), 45.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Un nuovo metodo terapeutico, descritto nel 1989 da Shapiro e de nomina to "Eye Movement Desensitization", e stato applicato al trattamento di una neurodermatite causata da incubi ricorrenti in un giovane di diciotto anni. La procedura, in due sedute, ha portato alIa completa remissione non solo degli incubi, ma anche della neurodermatite. Non vi e stata alcuna ricaduta, come risulta dal follow up di dodici mesi.

A new therapeutic method, described in 1989 by Shapiro and from appointment to "eye movement desensitization, and was applied to the treatment of neurodermatitis caused by recurring nightmares in a young man of eighteen. The procedure in two sessions, has not only leads to the complete resolution of nightmares, but also of neurodermatitis. There was no relapse, as evidenced by follow-up of twelve months.

Keywords: Case Study Desensitisation EMD Neurodermatitis Nightmares

Accuracy Verified: Yes

272. Maquieira, S., Aduriz, M. E., & Knopfler, C. (2008, Abril). La catastrofe y el trauma: Un model de abordaje con grupos acotados [Catastrophe and trauma: An approach with short terms]. Revista de Psicotrauma, 5(1), 28-39.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Este documento se centra en un modelo de intervención para las catástrofes que utiliza grupo a corto plazo y el enfoque psicoterapéutico conocido como el método EMDR. Ayudar a una gran cantidad de personas es posible a través de este método de intervención terapéutica, que ha demostrado ser muy eficaz. Su objetivo es proporcionar ayuda emocional y para garantizar los eventos traumáticos son procesados correctamente, lo que impide el desarrollo de cualquier secuelas traumáticas. Requisitos para la planificación y excuting este tipo de intervención se describen. Conseptualisations metodológicos que subyacen a este enfoque, que tiene sus raíces en la salud mental en el modelo de desastres elaborado por Ignacio Jarero y Artigas Lucinca en México, se explicó. Algunos casos clínicos se presentan para ilustrar el nuevo tratamiento de experiencias perturbadoras y los resultados de la intervención. Esta intervención se consigue una reducción significativa de los síntomas, según lo confirmado por las mediciones con las escalas, así como las observaciones clínicas y de comportamiento. (Resumen del autor)

This paper focuses on an intervention model for catastrophes that uses short term groups and the psychotherapeutic approach known as EMDR. Assisting a large amount of people is possible through this therapeutic intervention method, which has proven to be highly effective. Its purpose is to provide emotional relief and to ensure traumatic events are correctly processed, thus preventing the development of any traumatic sequels. Requirements for planning and excuting this type of intervention are described. Methodological conseptualisations that underline this approach, which has its roots in mental health in disasters model developed by Ignacio Jarero and Lucinca Artigas in Mexico, are explained. Some clinical cases are presented to illustrate the reprocessing of disruptive experiences and the results of intervention. This intervention achieves significant symptom reduction, as confirmed by measurements with scales as well as clinical and behavior observations. (Author abstract)

Keywords: Crisis Intervention Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

273. Castello, A. L. G. & Zampieri, A, M. F., & Padua, E. A. (2010, Junio). La experiencia de trabajar con el protocolo integrante del grupo con grupos de niños en los desastres [The experience of working with the protocol team member with groups of children in disasters.]. Ponencia presentada en el XI Congreso Internacional de Estrés Traumático y Trastornos de Ansiedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Trabajo con grupos de niños en Institución Social - PGI- EMDR; Trauma infantil y EMDR, Psicodrama. La articulación del trabajo metodológico en el psicodrama y EMDR, en el procesamiento del trauma de parto y fobias múltiples durante la formación de la matriz de identidad

Working with groups of children in social institution - PGI-EMDR, childhood trauma and EMDR, psychodrama. The articulation of methodological work in psychodrama and EMDR, processing the trauma of birth and multiple phobias during the formation of the identity matrix [The experience of Working with the protocol team member with groups of children in disasters. Working with groups of children in social institution - PGI-EMDR, childhood trauma and EMDR, psychodrama. The articulation of methodological work in psychodrama and EMDR, processing the trauma of birth and multiple phobias During the formation of the identity matrix]

Keywords: Birth Trauma Children Disasters Psychodrama

Accuracy Verified: Yes

274. Zillhardt, P. (2007, Juin). La thérapie EMDR avec les troubles des comportements alimentaires [EMDR therapy with eating disorders]. Document présenté lors de la réunion de l'Institut Français d'EMDR, Paris, France.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Si les troubles des comportements alimentaires (TCA) sont considérés par de nombreux auteurs comme une pathologie addictive du fait de schémas comportementaux et d’un support neurobiologique comparables aux autres dépendances (substances ou comportements), l’accord paraît unanime pour y voir une réponse spécifique à un modèle biopsychosocial. Un tel modèle implique : des facteurs inducteurs et déclencheurs, et des facteurs facilitants et de pérennisation. Par exemple, des travaux récents mettent l’accent sur la prépondérance de facteurs socio-culturels indissociables des forces médiatiques actuelles. L’importance de ces derniers facteurs se fait particulièrement ressentir depuis la seconde moitié du 20ème siècle et pourrait aller « crescendo ». En outre, la problématique des TCA est rendue plus complexe par l’existence d’une lourde comorbidité dont les éléments pathologiques sont autant causes que conséquences. Notons que 40% des patients souffrant de TCA ont eu, à un moment de leur vie, un PTSD. Nous, praticiens, ne sommes pas étonnés de constater que bon nombre de ces patients souffrent d’une altération notable de leur identité. Le caractère dit « synclétique » de la thérapie EMDR permet une approche intégrative dans le traitement des TCA : un aspect cognitif indéniable, le processus associatif induit par les stimulations alternées met souvent en lumière des matériaux reflétant des conflits intrapsychiques plus ou moins archaïques. Le travail portant sur l’imagerie mentale ou les états dissociés du moi peut aussi être associé dans les cas difficiles de patients souffrant de TCA. Le travail d’anamnèse et l’approche phénoménologique jouent un rôle primordial dans l’approche EMDR des TCA. L’un des aspects forts de la thérapie EMDR est l’identification de « clusters possibles » représentatifs des thématiques inductrices des souffrances et des symptômes inhérents à l’expérience de vie tragique de ces patients. Le plan de la thérapie est bien sûr personnalisé pour chaque patient.

If the eating disorders (TCA) are considered by many authors pathology as a result of addictive patterns behavioral and neurobiological support comparable to other addictions (substances or behavior), the agreement seems unanimous see a specific response to a biopsychosocial model. Such a model implies: inducing factors and triggers, and facilitating factors and sustainability. For example, recent studies emphasize on the balance of socio-cultural factors inseparable forces current media. The importance of these factors is particularly experience since the second half of the 20th century and could go "crescendo". In addition, the problem of TCA is made more complex by the existence of a heavy comorbidity whose elements are all pathological causes the consequences. Note that 40% of patients with TCA had, at some point in their lives, PTSD. We practitioners are not surprised to note that many of these patients suffer a significant change of their identity. The character says "Syncletica" of EMDR provides an integrative approach in the treatment CAW: a cognitive undeniable, the process associative stimulation induced by alternating often sheds light reflecting materials intrapsychic conflicts more or less archaic. The work on mental imagery or statements dissociated ego can also be associated in the case difficult patients with TCA. Work history and the phenomenological approach play an important role in the approach EMDR CAW. One of the strengths of EMDR is identifying "clusters possible" representative inducing themes of suffering and symptoms inherent in the tragic experience of life of these patients. The plan of therapy is of course customized for each patient.

Keywords: Eating Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

275. Bruno, T. (2006, Maggio). Le emozioni dei terapeuti nel lavoro con persone vittime di traumi interpersonali [The emotions of therapists working with victims of interpersonal trauma]. Presentazione alla Conferenza Nazionale, Associazione per l'EMDR in Italia, Firenza, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Quando ascoltiamo storie di devastazione, terrore, impotenza e di tradimento della fiducia, come naturale conseguenza, le nostre sicurezze più profonde possono essere messe in crisi. Applicando l’EMDR, a volte, possiamo essere messi di fronte alla “realtà del trauma” inaspettatamente, senza parole: il/la paziente “torna là” rivive l’esperienza col corpo e noi assistiamo e “viviamo il suo trauma”. Le emozioni (paura, schifo, terrore, rabbia, senso di paralisi ecc.) possono irrompere nello spazio sicuro della stanza di terapia e sfidare il nostro senso di “invulnerabilità” e prevedibilità. Rispetto all’impatto del materiale traumatico sul terapeuta quando si trova come testimone di eventi terribili e delle loro conseguenze ci possono essere risposte quali senso di paralisi, paura, desideri sadici e di vendetta, fino a “violazioni del setting”. Nel lavoro sul trauma possiamo agire in un continuum che va da risposte di evitamento con sentimenti di rifiuto e rabbia verso risposte di iper identificazione con la vittima. Esiste un rapporto circolare fra aspetti controtransferali e traumatizzazione secondaria negli operatori. Possono emergere problemi esistenziali e spirituali, sentimenti aggressivi e di giudizio, orrore, rabbia, senso di vulnerabilità, dolore-pena e sintomi classici del Disturbo da Stress Post Traumatico. La conoscenza, la consapevolezza e la gestione di questo processo all’interno della relazione terapeutica è fondante rispetto alla riparazione del danno nelle vittime e alla salute mentale dei terapeuti. Nel corso della presentazione ci sarà una focalizzazione sugli aspetti del ciclo del controtranfert e della traumatizzazione secondaria nel terapeuta e si forniranno elementi di protezione per i terapeuti.

When we hear stories of devastation, terror, helplessness and betrayal of trust, as a natural result, our securities may be made deeper into crisis. Applying EMDR, sometimes, we may be confronted with the "reality of trauma" unexpectedly, without words, it/the patient "back there" relive the experience with the body and we are seeing and "live her trauma." Emotions (fear, disgust, fear, anger, sense of paralysis, etc.) can break into the safe space of the therapy room and challenge our sense of "invulnerability" and predictability. Compared to the impact of traumatic material when the therapist is as a witness to terrible events and their consequences there may be responses such as sense of paralysis, fear, desires and sadistic revenge, to "violations of the setting." In work on trauma, we can act on a continuum ranging from avoidance responses with feelings of rejection and anger responses of hyper identification with the victim. There is a circular relationship between trauma and countertransference issues in the secondary players. Existential and spiritual problems can arise, aggressive feelings and judgments, horror, anger, sense of vulnerability, pain and pain-classic symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Knowledge, awareness and management of this process within the relationship Therapeutic compliance is fundamental to repairing the damage in the victims and mental health therapists. During the presentation there will be a focus on aspects of the cycle controtranfert and secondary traumatization in the therapist and will give protection elements for therapists.

Keywords: Interpersonal Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

276. Haour, F., & Servan-Schreiber, D. (2009). Les bases neuroscientifiques de l’EMDR [Neuroscientific bases of EMDR]. In J. Cottraux (Ed.), TCC et Neurosciences (pp.187-202). Issy-les-Moulineaux: Elsevier Masson.

Language: French

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
France Haour et David Servan-Schreiber présentent avec clarté la désensibilisation par les mouvements oculaires et le retraitement de l’information (EMDR), ainsi que les études qui ont été effectuées par des méthodes neuroscientifiques pour tester ces processus. Plusieurs points restent néanmoins en suspens. Effectivement, l’EMDR est d’efficacité démontrée dans le stress post-traumatique, et les traumatismes plus légers, mais il n’y a pas de données dures pour le valider dans d’autres indications. De plus, son processus, comme il est souligné dans le chapitre, demeure controversé. Il ne faudrait pas oublier qu’un EMDR sans mouvements oculaires aboutit à de résultats identiques à ceux d’un EMDR avec mouvements oculaires, dans la méta-analyse de Davidson et Parker (2001), qui inclut 13 études comparant ces deux conditions. Cinq méta-analyses ne retrouvent pas de différence d’efficacité entre TCC et EMDR. Ces faits expérimentaux ont amené aussi bien l’Association psychiatrique américaine (2004) que le rapport INSERM (2004) à classer l’EMDR dans les TCC, dont il représente une variante technique, sans véritable discontinuité. Par ailleurs, l’analogie souvent faite entre EMDR et la phase REM (phase paradoxale du sommeil correspondant au rêve et à des mouvements oculaires rapides) n’est qu’une hypothèse et ne repose pas à ce jour sur des données scientifiques. Enfin, toutes les thérapies d’exposition utilisent des distracteurs (relaxation, images mentales de sécurité, pensées positives) pour faciliter l’accès aux émotions liées au traumatisme. L’hypnose, qui a montré son efficacité dans le stress post-traumatique lors d’une seule étude contrôlée (Brom, 1989), elle aussi, se sert de mouvements oculaires, pour capter l’attention. Ainsi faisait son ancêtre, Franz Anton Mesmer, comme le montre le rapport établi en 1784 par la commission royale sur le magnétisme animal (Darnton, 1995). Quoi qu’il en soit, l’EMDR propose un protocole utile, robuste et aisé à enseigner et à appliquer.

France Haour and David Servan-Schreiber present with clarity desensitization Eye Movement and reprocessing of information (EMDR) and studies that have been conducted by neuroscientists methods to test these processes. Several points are still open. Indeed, EMDR is proven efficacy in post-traumatic stress, and lighter injuries, but there is no hard data to validate in other indications. In addition, its process, as outlined in the chapter remains controversial. We should not forget that EMDR without eye movements leads to results identical to those of EMDR with eye movements in the meta-analysis of Davidson and Parker (2001), which includes 13 studies comparing these two conditions. Five meta-analyzes found no difference in efficacy between CBT and EMDR. These experimental facts led both the American Psychiatric Association (2004) report that the INSERM (2004) to classify EMDR in CBT, which is a variant technique, no real discontinuity. Moreover, the analogy often made between EMDR and REM sleep (REM sleep corresponding dreams and rapid eye movement) is only a hypothesis and not based so far on scientific data. Finally, all therapies exposure using distractors (relaxation, mental imagery security positive thoughts) to facilitate access to the emotions related to the trauma. Hypnosis, which has shown its effectiveness in post-traumatic stress in one controlled study (Brom, 1989), it also uses movements eye for attention. So was his ancestor, Franz Anton Mesmer, as shown in the report prepared in 1784 by the Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism (Darnton, 1995). Anyway, EMDR offers a useful protocol, robust and easy to teach and apply.

Keywords: Neuroscience Neuroscientific Bases

Accuracy Verified: Yes

277. Masters, R. (2009). Letters to the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 57. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.57.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
“The Effect of Single-Session Modified EMDR on Acute Stress Syndromes,” Kutz, Resnik, and Dekel (2008). As my long-suffering research professor drummed into me years ago, the most serious error that can be made in experimental research is to confuse a correlation with a cause: in the case of this study, the fact that recovery followed the use of EMDR does not mean that EMDR caused the recovery. The cause of recovery may have been the natural healing properties of the brain or myriad other factors. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Letter

Accuracy Verified: Yes

278. Edelmann, R. J. (2002, May). Letters: Roll up, roll up for the great EMDR debate. The Psychologist, 15(5), 222.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
While appreciating that The Psychologist is not a standard academic journal, I was nevertheless somewhat surprised and not a little disappointed to see space being given to an uncritical ‘sales pitch’ for EMDR in the March issue. While Shapiro acknowledges that the treatment she originated has been the subject of ‘much scrutiny and debate’, reference is then only made to one aspect of this debate; that is, the identification of EMDR’s active ingredient. By failing to provide at least a handful of references to major areas of contention in relation to EMDR, the article does a disservice to interested practitioners and academics. Papers by Herbert et al. (2000) and Rosen et al. (1998) would allow readers to at least start to make a more balanced appraisal of EMDR.

Keywords: Letter Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

279. Silver, S. M., & Rogers, S. (2002). Light in the heart of darkness: EMDR and the treatment of war and terrorism survivors (1st ed.). New York: Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Notes that the effects of war and terrorism can be long-lasting and discreet, emerging years later in different forms of psychological and physical strain in the body. In this work, the authors uncover how developments in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can be successfully applied to the treatment of war and terrorism trauma. They address issues confronted by all clinicians attempting to respond to this particular type of trauma--the psychological aftermath of man's inhumanity to man. The authors focus on the application of EMDR to clients' traumatic experiences, covering a wide range of traumatic settings and survivors from school violence to "near-war" experiences, refugees, combat soldiers, children, and emergency service workers. They provide a review of the research on the use of EMDR, specific case studies to demonstrate their results as well as general suggestions for integrating EMDR into the therapeutic process. It is stated that this book can be used as a general reference for all practitioners looking to broaden their understanding and care of trauma patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Psychotherapeutic Processes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Terrorism Veterans War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

280. Hamner, M. B. (2007, June 1). Long-term treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatric Times, 24(7), 36. Retrieved from http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/display/article/10168/54861 8/9/2007.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that occurs after severe psychological stress, e. g., assault, combat, natural disasters, terrorism, or other stressors. The stressor induces intense fear or helplessness in the patient. Three symptom clusters are included in DSM-IV criteria for PTSD: re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoidance of reminders of the event and psychological numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Diorder PTSD Symptom Clusters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

281. Meignant, I. (2012, April). L’approche systémique et l’EMDR: Soigner le couple [The systems approach and EMDR: Treating the couple]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'EMDR Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
L’utilisation conjointe du modèle systémique du double lien réciproque de Mony ElKaïm et du modèle du Traitement Adaptatif de l'Information (TAI) d’EMDR est une nouvelle perspective pour la thérapie de couple. L'utilisation des deux approches permet de développer un plan de traitement en EMDR qui tient compte et respecte les systèmes relationnels ex : couple, homme /femme, parent/enfant, employé/employeur. Lors de cette présentation les participants apprendront quand et comment travailler avec un membre du couple comme co-thérapeute ; comment un lieu sûr sur le plan individuel peut aussi s’appliquer au niveau du couple et être utilisé durant la session et à la maison ; comment déterminer les cibles dans un plan de traitement EMDR et systémique qui soit guidées par la compréhension systémique du double lien réciproque et finalement comment adapter les 8 phases du protocole EMDR auprès du couple en se basant sur le modèle systémique.
Objectifs d'apprentissage: 1. Déterminer lorsqu’il est approprié d’utiliser l’EMDR en thérapie de couple 2. Pouvoir faire l’installation d’un lieu sûr afin que cela soit une ressource pour le couple 3. Comprendre comment utiliser le modèle systémique du double lien réciproque afin d’identifier les cibles individuelles qui contribuent aux difficultés actuelles du couple 4. Comprendre les particularités de chacune des 8 phases du protocole EMDR lorsque utilisés auprès du couple.

Using both the systemic model of the double reciprocal link Mony Elkaim and model of the Adaptive Information Processing (ADP) EMDR is a new perspective for couple therapy. The use of both approaches can develop a treatment plan that considers EMDR and respects relational systems eg couple, man / wife, parent / child, employee / employer. During this presentation participants will learn when and how to work with a member of the couple as co-therapist; how a safe place at the individual level can also be applied to the couple and used during the session and at home, how identify targets in a treatment plan that is systemic and EMDR guided by the systemic understanding of the double reciprocal link and finally how to adapt the eight phases of EMDR protocol with the torque based on the systemic model.
Learning Objectives: 1. Determine when it is appropriate to use EMDR in couples therapy 2. Able to install a safe place so that this is a resource for the couple 3. Understand how to use the systemic model of the double reciprocal link in order to identify individual targets that contribute to the current difficulties of the couple 4. Understand the particularities of each of eight phases of EMDR protocol when used with the couple.

Keywords: Couples

Accuracy Verified: Yes

282. Giannantonio, M. (2001, Ottobre). L’eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (E.M.D.R.) negli adulti e adolescenti abusati sessualmente in età infantile [The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in adults and adolescents sexually abused in childhood]. Congresso AIAMC, Palermo, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
L’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) nasce come interevento elettivo nella terapia del Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress (PTSD) e, in particolar modo nelle fasi iniziali del suo consolidamento clinico e teoretico, ha calibrato il proprio protocollo di intervento standard sul PTSD generato da combattimenti bellici, catastrofi naturali e provocate dall’uomo. L’abuso sessuale, soprattutto se avvenuto nell’infanzia, in modo prolungato ed all’interno di un contesto familiare (ovvero il tipo di abuso sessuale sul quale concentrerò ora la mia attenzione), è un tipo di evento traumatico che può presentare caratteristiche peculiari: elementi dissociativi da marcati ad assenti, alterazioni mnestiche e codifiche mnestiche statodipendenti, massicci meccanismi di repressione operanti anche per decenni, condizionamento negativo dell’evoluzione del sistema comportamentale dell’attaccamento, presenza di memorie somatiche di difficile gestione da parte del paziente, disturbi sessuali, difficoltà nell’instaurazione e nel mantenimento della relazione terapeutica. L’abuso sessuale intrafamiliare si accompagna abitualmente alla trascuratezza emotiva ed alla violenza psicologica, in alcuni casi anche a quella fisica. Di fronte ad un quadro 2 clinico così complesso (laddove la presenza di PTSD è semplicemente uno dei possibili esiti psicopatologici, e con ogni probabilità non il più frequente), l’intervento con l’EMDR richiede modificazioni rispetto al protocollo standard di intervento per il PTSD ma, soprattutto, l'inserimento all'interno di un intervento clinico di respiro decisamente più ampio rispetto all’impiego di algoritmi terapeutici ridotti all’essenziale. Il sottoscritto ritiene che, al momento attuale, lo studio più approfondito sull’argomento sia una pubblicazione di Laurel Parnell del 1999. Personalmente, ed in modo concorde con quest’ultimo autore, ho verificato la notevole efficacia nell’operare con l'EMDR - anche molto direttivamente - sulla storia di attaccamento del paziente al fine di colmarne le falle evolutive o eliminare gli ostacoli per il conseguimento di questo fondamentale obiettivo terapeutico.

The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is born as interevento elective in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and, especially in the early stages of its consolidation clinical and theoretical, has calibrated their intervention protocols for the standard PTSD generated by fighting wars, natural disasters and caused man. Sexual abuse, especially if done in childhood, so Prolonged and within a family context (ie the type of abuse which focus on sex now my attention) is a type of event trauma that may have special characteristics: elements dissociative to be marked absent, changes in mnemonic and mnemonic encodings statodipendenti, massive repression mechanisms operating for decades negative evolution of behavioral conditioning system attachment, presence of somatic memories of unmanageable the patient's sexual problems, difficulty in establishing and maintaining the therapeutic relationship. Sexual abuse is intrafamilial usually accompanies the emotional neglect and violence psychological, in some cases to physical. Faced with a framework 2 clinical as complex (where the presence of PTSD is simply a possible outcomes of psychopathology, and probably not the most frequent), intervention with EMDR requires changes compared to standard protocol of intervention for PTSD but, more importantly, the inclusion within a clinical intervention to breath much larger than use of therapeutic algorithms reduced to essentials. My opinion that, at present, more thorough study on the subject is a Published by Laurel Parnell in 1999. Personally, and so agreed with this page, I checked the remarkable effectiveness in working with EMDR - very directly - on the history of attachment of the patient in order to bridge the evolutionary gaps or eliminate obstacles to achieving this important therapeutic target.

Keywords: Adolescents Adults Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

283. Gamba, M. (2005). L’integrazione dell'EMDR nella psicoterapia dei disturbi del comportamento alimentare [EMDR integration into the psychotherapy of eating disorders]. Universita Degli Studi Padova, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Questo mio lavoro di tesi rappresenta una rassegna degli studi compiuti negli ultimi anni, sui disturbi del comportamento alimentare. Negli ultimi vent’anni molto è stato detto su questa patologia che ha attirato l’attenzione non solo di clinici e specialisti ma anche dei mass media. Si tratta, purtroppo, di disturbi che si stanno imponendo sempre di più nella società occidentale e che iniziano a comparire anche nelle zone più povere del mondo. Come sarà possibile notare nel primo capitolo, questi disturbi interessano principalmente, ma non esclusivamente, soggetti di sesso femminile e gli indici di prevalenza indicano un valore attorno all’1% per la bulimia nervosa nelle giovani donne adulte, mentre per l’anoressia nervosa questa percentuale oscilla attorno lo 0,3%. Dopo una descrizione generale di queste patologie, mi sono occupata dei disturbi specifici evidenziati dal DSM-IV, redatto dall’American Psychiatric Association nel 1996: Anoressia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Disturbo da Alimentazione Incontrollata (BED). Questi disturbi vengono descritti singolarmente, analizzandone i fattori di rischio e le caratteristiche cliniche e diagnostiche; nella descrizione ho tralasciato i fattori eziopatogenetici della Bulimia Nervosa e del BED perché sono rintracciabili tra quelli evidenziati per l’Anoressia Nervosa.

My thesis is a review of studies made in last year, about eating disorders. Over the past twenty years Much has been said about this disease that has attracted the attention not only to and clinical specialists, but also the media. This is, unfortunately, of disorders are becoming more and more in Western society and start to appear even in the poorest parts of the world. As you will notice in the first chapter, these problems primarily, but not exclusively, female subjects, and prevalence rates indicate a value of around 1% for bulimia nervosa in young adult women, while for anorexia nervosa, this percentage fluctuates around 0.3%. after a general description of these diseases, I have dealt with specific disorders highlighted by the DSM-IV, prepared by the American Psychiatric Association in 1996: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, binge eating disorder (BED). These disorders are described individually, analyzing the factors risk and the clinical and diagnostic features, I have omitted in the description causative factors of Bulimia Nervosa and BED because they are detectable among those highlighted for Anorexia Nervosa.

Keywords: Eating Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

284. Walraven, L. (2012). Mag het (ietsje meer zijn)...? Over de aanvaardbaarheid van EMDR voor christenen [Can the (slightly more) ...? About the appropriateness of EMDR for Christians]. Psyche & Geloof, 23(1), 8-21.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Alvorens vast te stellen of EMDR ‘mag’, wordt eerst een schets gegeven van de opvattingen over hoe EMDR werkt. Het werkgeheugenmodel blijkt veelbelovender te ogen dan de diverse neurologische modellen. Vervolgens komt aan de orde of en hoe aanvaardbaar EMDR is. Hierbij wordt onder andere gefocust op een onderbelicht aspect van de therapie: het (mogelijk) suggestieve karakter ervan. Ook wordt kritisch gekeken naar het type mensbeeld waar vanuit deze therapie voortkwam dan wel waaraan hij bijdraagt. Ten slotte wordt er aan de hand van twee casussen voor gepleit om de geloofsbeleving van cliënten bij de EMDR-procedure een serieuze plaats te geven om bij te kunnen dragen aan het herstel of de groei van de cliënt. Hierbij is het gewenst dat de therapeut ‘ietsje meer’ doet dan het strikte officiële EMDR-protocol toe lijkt te laten.

Before determining whether EMDR 'can', first a sketch of the ideas about how EMDR works. The working memory model seems more promising than the eyes to various neurological models. Next comes the issue of whether and how EMDR is acceptable. Here, the term other focused on a neglected aspect of therapy: the (possible) suggestive character thereof. It is also critically examined the type of man that came from this therapy or which he contributes. Finally, they do on the basis of two cases calling for the beliefs of clients in the EMDR procedure to give a serious place to be contribute to the recovery or the growth of the client. It is desirable that the therapist 'something more' than does the strict official EMDR protocol seems to be.

Keywords: Effectiveness Ethics Humanity Suggestion Faith Treatment Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

285. Stone, G. (1994, May 9). Magic fingers. New York, 27(19), 33-37.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
One winter night seven years ago, 20-year old Elise Terranova, having parked her car near her apartment, was hurrying out of the lot when a burly man charged out of a clump of bushes, grabbed her, broke her nose, and raped her. He ordered her to close her eyes and count to 100. By the time she opened her eyes, he had disappeared.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

286. Watson, P. J., Friedman, M. J., Ruzek, J. I., & Norris, F. (2002, August). Managing acute stress response to major trauma. Current Psychiatry Reports, 4(4), 247-253. doi:10.1007/s11920-996-0043-x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In this article, the authors review the current empiric literature on early interventions. Findings on the effects, course, help-seeking, and recovery from disasters are first reviewed, with recommendations given that are pertinent to intervention following mass casualties. In reviewing the most commonly used interventions, it is clear that evidence from well-controlled studies showing that early intervention can help prevent longer-term problems is limited. The authors discuss the approaches that have received the most attention or empiric support as early interventions following trauma, which include psychologic debriefing, cognitive-behavioral interventions, eye movement desensitization and processing (EMDR) and other neoteric approaches, and psychopharmacology. At this time, the most promising results for prevention of psychopathology have been achieved with brief four- or five-session cognitive-behavioral therapy. In contrast, randomized clinical trials on psychologic debriefing currently suggest that this approach is either ineffective at preventing psychopathology, or contributive to PTSD symptoms. Research support is currently lacking for EMDR and pharmacotherapy as early interventions. A major challenge to the field is to integrate the practical experience and knowledge of professional responders with well-controlled, timely intervention research, and to effectively disseminate these findings to practitioners in the field. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Effects Literature Review Negative Research Needs Review Posttraumatic Stress Diorder Psychological Debriefing PTSD Stressors Survivors Therapeutic Reaction Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

287. Litt, B. K. (2006, September). The marriage of EMDR and ego state theory in couples therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Great strides have been made in applying EMDR to different populations with a variety of diagnoses. Integrating this powerful treatment into couples therapy is relatively new and very promising. By augmenting EMDR with the explanatory power and clinical inventiveness of ego state theory, couples therapy can be brought to new levels of efficacy. Through didactic presentation and case illustration, participants will understand the relational nature of the Self, psychobiological and psychodynamic mechanisms of attachment, the structure of the relational self, and the challenges of individuation/differentiation. In addition, all participants will learn and be able to access the intergenerational pathogenesis of ego fragmentation, and will be able to identify clinical manifestations of ego state conflict in conjoint sessions, including the doublebind, split loyalty, and reenactments. Participants will be able to use this learning to diagnose the interlock of negative cognitions in their client couples, and implement strategies to contract for individually-focused EMDR therapy. Participants will be able to explain to clients the risks and benefits of conjoint EMDR, and understand the contraindications for conjoint EMDR. Participants will learn a model of EMDR treatment planning that includes target selection and salience, and will be able to utilize a progressive sequence of techniques for facilitation EMDR processing with dissociative clients who are blocked, looping, or at risk of abreaction.

Keywords: Couples Therapy Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

288. Chandarasiri, P. (2012, June). Mekong Project - EMDR treatment for traumatised populations [El proyecto Mekong -‐ Tratamiento con EMDR para poblaciones traumatizadas]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Trauma Aid is a non-‐profit association whose major aim is to improve the quality of trauma treatment of people who have been exposed to violence and other forms of extreme psychological distress. Project Mekong was established in response to the living circumstances of the target region populations of Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar and Indonesia whose experiences have been shaped by natural disasters, military conflicts and acts of interpersonal violence. The main objective of this EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programme (EMDR HAP) project is to establish an integrated training program for the treatment of PTSD for therapists in the Mekong region and Indonesia. The project commenced in early 2011 and offers a unique layered approach by offering five different training levels, training participants, EMDR facilitators in training, EMDR supervisors in training, EMDR trainers in training, and continuous professional development of existing EMDR trainers. Within the training program there are over 60 participants from eleven different countries. This culturally rich component of the project allows the bringing together of personal resources, creativity and a wealth of experiences between the project participants and the training team. The purpose of this presentation is to outline some of the audit data being collected by training participants with the clinical work with clients and provides an insight into how EMDR is being successfully applied with trauma populations within the Mekong region.

Trauma Aid es una asociación sin ánimo de lucro cuyo objetivo principal es el de mejorar la calidad del tratamiento para trauma de personas expuestas a violencia, así como a otras formas de angustia psicológico extremo. El Proyecto Mekong se estableció como respuesta a las circunstancias de vida de las poblaciones de la región diana en Tailandia, Camboya, Birmania e Indonesia, cuyas experiencias han sido conformadas por las catástrofes naturales, conflictos militares y actos de violencia interpersonal. El objetivo fundamental de este proyecto del Programa de Ayuda Humanitaria de EMDR (EMDR HAP, por sus siglas en inglés) consta de implantar un programa de formación integral para el tratamiento de TEPT para los terapeutas en la región del Mekong e Indonesia. El proyecto tuvo su comienzo a principios del año 2011 y ofrece un planteamiento singular por capas al proporcionar cinco niveles distintos de formación: la formación de participantes, facilitadores de EMDR en formación, supervisores de EMDR en formación, formadores de EMDR en formación y desarrollo profesional de los formadores de EMDR ya existentes. Dentro del programa de formación, existen más de 60 participantes de once países diferentes. Este componente del proyecto tan rico en cultura permite aunar recursos personales, creatividad, así como una plétora de experiencias entre los participantes en el proyecto y el equipo a cargo de la formación. El propósito de esta presentación es el de esbozar algunos de los datos de auditoría que se están recabando por parte de los participantes en formación con el trabajo clínico con clientes y dar mayor conocimiento y perspectiva acerca de cómo se está aplicando EMDR con éxito en poblaciones traumatizadas dentro de la región del Mekong.

Keywords: Mekong Project Trauma Aid

Accuracy Verified: Yes

289. Noorthoorn, E. O., Havenaar, J. M., de Haan, H. A., van Rood, Y. R., & van Stiphout, W. A. (2010). Mental health service use and outcomes after the Enschede fireworks disaster: A naturalistic follow-up study. Psychiatric Services, 61(11), 1138-1143. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.61.11.1138 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: This study documented the number of people seeking help for mental health problems after a fireworks disaster in Enschede, the Netherlands. It describes their diagnostic characteristics, interventions provided, and their results. Methods: Researchers coded data from intakes and medical charts of all patients who sought help (N=1,659) and entered treatment (N=663) at a disaster relief service between May 13, 2000 (day of the disaster), and June 1, 2004. Patients who received more than eight treatment sessions (N=394) and were in treatment one year after the disaster were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (N=228, response rate, 58%) and other questionnaires (N=271, response rate, 69%). Results: In the population probably exposed, the cumulative referral-incidence for disaster-related mental health problems over four years was approximately 10%; in terms of referrals to the mental health facility over five years, the proportion of disaster-related referrals was 5.7%. Among adults, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most common clinical diagnosis (53%, chart sample). However, depression was the most common CIDI diagnosis (58%, CIDI interview sample). The recovery rate was about 50% on the basis of clinical judgment (chart sample), between 69% and 76% on the basis of "healthy" scores on symptoms, and between 39% and 60% in social and physical functioning (interview sample). Conclusions: Apart from persons seeking support during the first weeks postdisaster, the largest influx occurred after about one year and was limited in size. Clinicians in specialized services should be aware that conditions other than PTSD, such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and somatoform disorders, are also quite common after disasters. (Psychiatric Services 61:1138—1143, 2010) On the afternoon of May 13, 2000, a fireworks deposit situated in a residential area exploded, killing 22 people and injuring about 1,000 in the center of Enschede, a town in the east of the Netherlands. As a result approximately 1,500 houses were damaged, of which 498 had to be demolished, leading to displacement of 4,163 inhabitants (1). An estimated 17,000 individuals were probably exposed in one way or another to this disaster (1). The event was immediately declared a national disaster. In response, a nationwide support effort was launched and funds were allocated for research to document health consequences of this disaster. As a result, data about health, well-being, and medical service use have been systematically collected since the early days after this event (2,3,4,5). In contrast to the wealth of publications about the epidemiology of mental health problems after a disaster (6,7), there are only few studies that describe help-seeking behavior for these problems in a population stricken by disaster, or the outcomes of interventions. In this article we present the results of a chart study and interviews in early and later phases of treatment of adults who sought help from mental health services for disaster-related problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate mental health service delivery to persons affected by the fireworks disaster in Enschede during the period from May 2000 to May 2005. This study documented the number of people seeking help for disaster-related psychological problems, their sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics, the interventions that they received, and some results of these interventions. To our knowledge this is the first systematic investigation of all adults seeking specialized mental health care in a disaster-stricken area.

Keywords: Enschede Fireworks Disaster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

290. Alto, C. (2001, November). Meta-analysis of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing efficacy studies in the treatment of PTSD. Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ. AAT 3015591.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new psychological therapy used in the treatment of PTSD and other disorders. EMDR is unique in that it combines sets of therapist-administered eye movements in conjunction with protocol-driven cognitive and affective processing related to past trauma. EMDR has become a controversial technique for reasons including a lack of explanation for why it works and stunning claims made for its efficacy in the literature. Despite a large amount of research over the past decade, EMDR has not before been studied meta-analytically in its own right.The present investigation used meta-analysis to examine the collection of EMDR PTSD studies available in the literature. The literature search resulted in a total of 21 studies, which met inclusion criteria. These primary studies in turn resulted in a collection of 118 effect sizes included in the analysis. Two separate analyses were conducted dependent on whether EMDR was compared to a no treatment control group or an alternative treatment control group. In addition to an overall estimate of the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD represented through an effect size, five sub-hypotheses were investigated. First, it was hypothesized that RMDR would be more efficacious with a non-combat population than with combat-related PTSD. The second sub-hypothesis was that there would be significantly larger treatment effects associated with verbal report measures than with physiological outcome measures used in EMDR PTSD studies. Third, it was hypothesized that earlier EMDR studies would show larger treatment effects than more recent EMDR studies. The fourth sub-hypothesis concerned treatment dosage. It was hypothesized that there would not be significant differences based on the number of treatment sessions administered. Finally, it was hypothesized that the bilateral stimulation component of EMDR therapy would not contribute significantly to treatment effects. The analysis consisted of generating effect sizes in the form of standardized difference scores on the various outcome measures. Effect sizes were then grouped according to independent variable categories and averaged together. Before testing for between-group differences, homogeneity testing was completed. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 62(5-B), Nov 2001, pp. 2474.

Keywords: Empirical Study Meta Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

291. Glans, E., & Dahlberg, U. O. (2004). Minne efter påverkan, Bilateral stimulering och dess effekt på episodiskt minne [Memory after impact: Bilateral stimulation and its effect on episodic memory]. Umeå Universiter, Institutionen för psykologi Psykologprogrammet.

Language: Swedish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Ett kognitivt minnesexperiment med mellangruppsdesign genomfördes i syfte att undersöka auditiv bilateral stimulerings inverkan på episodiskt minne. Bakgrunden till studien var att många kliniska iakttagelser gjorts i den psykoterapeutiska behandlingsmetoden Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, (EMDR) angående den bilaterala stimuleringens effekt på minnesprocesser. Frågeställningen var: Har auditiv bilateral stimulering någon positiv effekt på det episodiska minnet? Ett randomiserat urval bestående av 110 universitetsstuderande försökspersoner (55 kvinnor och 55 män), jämnt fördelade över fem grupper, i åldrarna 19-46 år, deltog. Auditivt stimulus gavs i fyra av grupperna. Den beroende variabeln var episodiskt minnesprestation och mättes med hjälp av meningstest och ordtest. Någon generell effekt av bilateral stimulering på episodiskt minne kunde inte påvisas. Bilateralt stimuli vid inlärning visade dock på signifikanta resultat avseende minnesprestation i förhållande till de två grupper som erhöll bilateralt stimuli vid återgivning. Signifikans erhölls även avseende prestation i förhållande till försökspersonernas upplevelse av stimulus. Resultaten diskuterades utifrån försökspersonernas upplevelse av stimulus samt inflytande av arousal. Avsaknad av emotionella komponenter, som i förlängningen bidragit till skillnader i minnesprocessande, antogs vara huvudsaklig förklaring till utebliven positiv effekt av bilateral stimulering.

A cognitive memory experiment with between group design was conducted to investigate the auditory bilateral stimulation effect on the episode of animal memory. The background to study was that many clinical observations made in the psychotherapeutic treatment Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) regarding bilateral stimulation effect on memory processes. The issue was: Did auditory bilateral stimulation a positive effect on the episodic memory? A randomized sample of 110 university student volunteers (55 women and 55 males), evenly distributed over five groups, aged 19-46 years, participated. Audi TIVE stimulus was given in four groups. The dependent variable was episode-Semitic memory performance and measured with the help of meaningful test and ordtest. A general effect of bilateral stimulation of episode animal memory could not be demonstrated. Bilateral stimuli at learning, however, showed the significant results relating to memory performance in relation to the two groups who received bilateral stimulation at reproducing. Significance was obtained including performance in relation to the trial subject's experience of stimulus. The results are discussed from the trial subject's experience of stimulus and the influence of arousal. Lack of emotional components, which ultimately contributed to differences in memory processing, was adopted as the primary explanation for non - positive effect of bilateral stimulation.

Keywords: Auditory Bilateral Stimulation BLS Episodic Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

292. Zangwill, W. (1994). Mistakes to avoid in using EMDR: Or “Do what I say, not what I’ve done”. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(1), 13-14.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
There are a number of people involved with EMDR who have specialties in various areas including children, veterans, sexual abuse, peak performance, smoking cessation, etc. Though I have my own areas of clinical specialization, when it comes to EMDR, my particular area of expertise seems to be in the area of What NOT To Do. In this first of a two-part article, I want to review many of the mistakes that I and others have made using EMDR. While this list is probably most helpful for those beginning to use EMDR, I have found it useful for experienced clinicians as well.

Keywords: Mistakes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

293. Habib, M. F. B. (1998, December 14). Moving eyes can heal you. London, Independent: The Independent.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
On April 19, 1995 in Oklahoma city at 9.02 am, a car bomb exploded at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. At that moment Linda was dressing in her living room a block away and the blast made her unconscious. Getting back her consciousness after a few minutes, Linda was able to come out of the bomb blast-affected building with difficulty. She was numb with terror. She received hundreds of tiny cuts; yet a doctor certified that she was okay. But actually she was not. She could not function independently. She forgot to perform her simple but essential daily chores. She started to lose four pounds a week in weight. Screaming, crying, scaring became the daily routine during her sleep. She even forgot how to work. Two months later her boss took her to a mental health clinic and the doctor there wanted to admit her to the hospital. She opposed the idea as she was brought up in an orphanage and she strongly disliked such institutions. The doctor then advised them to go to the EMDR free clinic. Linda was brought to the clinic and there a miracle happened. After her first EMDR treatment, Linda's nightmare came to a stop. During the second week she was able to return to her work, and after the third session she was back to her normal life. A year later Linda described her first experience of EMDR as "the weirdest thing I had ever experienced with the exception of the bomb."

Keywords: General Oklahoma City Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

294. Gersons, B., Schnyder, U., Rothbaum, B., & McFarlane, A. (2006, November). The need for new directions in psychotherapy for PTSD. Panel presentation at the 22nd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Fall Conference, Hollywood, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The trauma field can be proud of having evidence-based effective psychotherapy protocols for PTSD. Especially CBT and EMDR have been recognized as first choice treatments (NICE Guidelines 2005). However, having these protocols available new questions that need to be answered are emerging. There is no large scale evidence yet on phase 4 implementation showing its effectiveness. Too many patients drop out of treatment. Many patients suffer from comorbid conditions. The question on how research outcomes on the biology of PTSD should be translated into different psychotherapeutic approaches is a rather new one. Especially, is habituation still the correct fundament of exposure in PTSD, or should it be replaced by the concept of extinction? A third question is the mixed feeling in many societies about the concept of PTSD and it´s consequences in the need for treatment. Especially after disasters, but also after domestic violence, treatment can be seen as the avoidance of society to punish the responsible ones or to ask for material compensation. These questions will lead to find new directions for the psychotherapy protocols, for the combination with biological routes of intervention and for the societal acceptance of treatment for PTSD.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Panel

Accuracy Verified: Yes

295. Forgash, C. (2007, September). The negative impact of complex PTSD on health: an EMDR/ego state treatment plan. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR and Ego State integrated treatment provides a clinical model for dealing with health problems in complex trauma survivors. Health problems are made more complex by the presence of dissociative disorders and PTSD symptoms in adult survivors. This presentation will focus on the treatment of these disorders. EMDR and Ego State techniques will be utilized to help the CTS patient: a) manage triggers and avoid re-traumatization, hyperarousal and numbing; desensitize and reprocess traumatic events; b) become assertive health consumers and deal with medical/dental procedures and tests; c) learn skills such as rehearsal, identifying problems, planning visits, etc.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Ego State Therapy Integrated Treatment Phased Treatment Plan

Accuracy Verified: Yes

296. Forgash, C. (2008, June). The negative impact of complex PTSD on health: An EMDR/ego state treatment plan. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this workshop, EMDR and Ego state integrated treatment will be presented as a clinical model for dealing with current life and health problems which the presence of dissociation and PTSD exacerbates for complex trauma survivors (CTS). There are intertwined problems that are made more complex by the presence of dissociative disorders in adult CTS. First: there are negative sequelae of childhood abuse on the physical and mental health of adult CTS. Second, there are specific health problems predominant in this population which often are untreated, misdiagnosed and ignored by physicians and EMDR therapists. Third: CTS have difficulties addressing their health needs, accessing health care, and functioning effectively as health care consumers. Preventative care and good health care may be minimal for this population. This presentation will focus on the development of an EMDR treatment plan to successfully work with dissociative and PTSD disorders prevalent in these patients. Specialized Ego State techniques will be introduced in each phase of EMDR treatment to help the patient stabilize: manage triggers and avoid re-traumatization in the health care setting; effectively deal with avoidance, freeze, hyperarousal and numbing; desensitize and reprocess earlier traumatic events which are at the root of these problems, (these may include iatrogenic events and specific physical problems seemingly related to current health problems, which actually result from early trauma); and become assertive health consumers. Skills development needed by the CTS to become empowered and competent health consumers, such as rehearsal, identifying problems, planning visits etc will also be included in the plan. [This slide presentation has a two page "References" bibliograhy issued separately.(PDF 6065)]

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

297. Bossini, L., Fagiolini, A., & Castrogiovanni, P. (2007, November). Neuroanatomical changes after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 19(4), 475-476.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Several authors have found smaller hippocampal volumes in patients with PTSD and some have suggested that psychotropic drugs may promote hippocampus neurogenesis and reverse the decrease in hippocampus volume.1 However, the only study that has investigated the effects of psychotherapy on hippocampus volume failed to show a volumetric increase after effective psychotherapy. The authors evaluated the hippocampus volumetric changes after successful EMDR treatment of a 27-year-old man with a chronic PTSD related to the suicide of his mother. After 8 weeks of EMDR treatment the patient had an increase in both left and right hippocampus volumes.[Adapted from Text] [Pilots]

Keywords: Adults Brain Imaging Brain Volume Brain Size Case Report Clinical Case Study Death of Parent Death by Suicide Effectiveness Evaluation Hippocamal Volume Hippocampus Letter Males Neuroanatomy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Survivors Treatment Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

298. Pagani, M. et al (2012, June). Neurobiological correlates of EMDR monitoring - An EEG study [Correlatos neurobiológicos y monitorización EMDR – un estudio con EEG]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Background: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recognized first-‐line treatment for psychological trauma. However its neurobiological bases have not been disclosed yet. Methods: Electroencephalography was used for the first time to fully monitor neuronal activation during whole EMDR sessions including the autobiographical script. Ten clients with major psychological trauma were investigated during the first EMDR session and during the last one performed after processing the index trauma. Comparisons between the EEG of the first and last EMDR session and between the EEG of the clients at the first session and those of 10 controls undergoing the same EMDR procedure were performed. Results: During both script listening and bilateral stimulation EEG showed significantly higher activity in the prefrontal limbic cortex (Brodmann Areas, BA 9-‐ 10) at the first as compared to the last EMDR session. The opposite comparison showed a shift of the prevalent activity towards temporal, parietal and occipital cortical regions (BAs 20, 21, 22, 37, 17, 18, 19) with leftward lateralization. The comparison between the 10 clients and the 10 controls confirmed the maximal activation in the limbic cortex in the clients before processing the trauma. Conclusions: The implemented methodology made possible to image for the first time the specific activations associated with the therapeutic actions contemplated by EMDR. The findings suggested cognitive processing of traumatic events following successful EMDR therapy supporting the evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during bilateral ocular stimulation associated with a significant relieve from negative emotional experiences.

Antecedente Teórico: La desensibilización y reprocesamiento por el movimiento ocular (EMDR) es una reconocida primera línea para el tratamiento del trauma psicológico. Sin embargo sus bases neurobiológicas no han sido descifradas todavía. Método: La electroencefalografía ha sido usada por primera vez para monitorizar completamente la activación neuronal durante sesiones enteras de EMDR incluyendo el guión autobiográfico. 10 Clientes con traumas psicológicos mayores fueron investigados durante la primera sesión de EMDR y durante la última después del procesamiento del trauma raíz. Las comparaciones entre los EEG de la última y primera sesión y las de EEG de los clientes en la primera sesión y 10 controles realizando el mismo procedimiento de EMDR fueron realizadas. Resultados: Durante ambos procesos, la escucha y la estimulación bilateral, el EEG mostró una actividad significativamente mayor en el córtex límbico prefontral (Brodmann Areas, BA 9-‐10) al principio comparadas con la última sesión de EMDR. La comparación opuesta muestra un cambio en la actividad fundamental entre las regiones corticales temporal, parietal y occipital (BAs 20, 21, 22, 37, 17, 18, 19) con lateralizaciones hacia la izquierda. La comparación entre los 10 clientes y los controles confirman la activación máxima de la corteza límbica en los clientes antes de procesar el trauma. Conclusiones: La metodología usada hizo posible visualizar la neuroimagen por primera vez de las activaciones cerebrales asociadas con las acciones terapéuticas que acontecen en el EMDR. Los hallazgos sugieren que el procesamiento cognitivo de los eventos traumáticos seguidos de una terapia EMDR exitosa apoyan la evidencia de un patrón neurobiológico diferenciado en las activaciones del cerebro durante la estimulación ocular bilateral asociados con una acumulación un experiencias emocionales negativas.

Keywords: EEG Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

299. Uram, S. (2008, June). The neurobiology of adult and childhod trauma made simple: What every EMDR clinician should know. Presentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop presents three related and integrated themes: I. - The neurobiology of trauma made simple, yet highly “usable” for clinical formulation. A. How trauma is defined by our culture and DSM-IV, versus the reality of how each human brain individually “defines” trauma. Organized and logical presentation of clinically relevant brain parts/circuits and how they process, or don’t adequately process traumatic experiences; the differing length of time the effects of trauma may manifest from these parts; the masking and masquerading of earlier traumas by the prefrontal cortex, etc. Which brain parts/circuits “trump” one another, and how this shows up in symptoms, in our personalities or in our relationships. II. - Child/Adolescent/Adult stages of human brain development made simple, but geared for clinical understanding and EMDR treatment planning. Childhood through young adulthood brain development generally mature along a sequence; Bottom to Top, and Inner to Outer .The brain areas that become more active as 31 children mature “show up” as increasing or decreasing behaviours, levels of thinking abilities, levels of emotional and mood development/stability, relational abilities, decreased dominance of certain other brain parts, etc.. Symptoms frequently reflect how each person’s level of brain maturation “filters” life experience at a given time. III. - Trauma neurobiology + different stages of brain development = potentially very different EMDR formulations, negative cognitions, etc. How the child and adult brain can identify “danger”, and therefore, “trauma” similarly, or very differently. How trauma is “understood” in the adult brain and the child brain. How and why “danger” or “traumas” are perceived, processed and present differently in children and adults

Keywords: Neurobiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

300. Uram, S. (2008, September). The neurobiology of adult and childhood trauma made simple. Presentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop presents three interconnecting and integrated themes: The neurobiology of trauma made simple, yet highly “usable” for clinical formulation and treatment planning; The stages of human brain development made simple, but geared for clinical understanding and practice and; Trauma neurobiology + different stages of brain development = potentially very different clinical presentations. How trauma “looks” different in children and adults, and why. The fact that children’s brains interpret “danger” very differently than the adult brain. Trauma is far more commonplace than most clinicians would imagine.

Keywords: Neurobiology Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

301. Uram, S. (2009, August). The neurobiology of trauma made simple . Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is presented in a manner that is highly “usable” for diagnostic and treatment formulation. Some of the areas that will be covered include: 1) How trauma is defined by our culture and DSM-IV, versus the reality of how each human brain individually “defines”, experiences and reflects trauma; 2) An understandable presentation of clinically relevant brain parts/circuits and how they adequately do or do not process traumatic experiences; the differing length of time the effects of trauma may manifest from these parts; the masking and masquerading of earlier traumas by the prefrontal cortex, etc., 3) How the developing brain of a human being determines how perceived trauma are integrated into the person’s personality and functioning.

Keywords: Neurobiology Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

302. Uram, S. (2012, October). The neurobiology of trauma made simple. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop explains the neurobiology of trauma in a simple, yet highly usable manner. Upon completion of this workshop, attendees should be able to readily apply this information for better formulating their clients’ issues and treatment planning. The topics include: 1) How does a normal nervous system operate? 2) What is Trauma? 3) What is the “bottom line” of chronic trauma syndromes (e.g., PTSD)? 4) How does childhood development factor into adult trauma symptoms? 5) Treatment.

Keywords: Neurobiology Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

303. Fernandez, I., & Solomon, R. M. (2001, October). Neurophysiological components of EMDR treatment. In International CIANS Conference (CIANS: Collegium Internationale Activitatis Nervosae Superioris; International Association for Integrative Nervous Functions, Neurobiology of behaviour and Psychosomatics), (pp 137-140) Palermo, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The research on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has had a significant development in the last 10 years. The EMDR consists on a dual focalization activity (the use o eye movements or other forms of left/right rhythmical stimulation, while focusing on personal disturbing material). Many hypotheses have been made on how EMDR works and why the clinical results are so significant. One of the most possible reasons may regard the fact that there seems to be an innate information processing system that is physiologically configured to facilitate mental health in much the same way the rest of the body is designed to heal itself when injured (Shapiro, 1995). When operating appropriately, this system takes the perceptual and emotional information from a traumatic event to an adaptive resolution - useful information is stored with appropriate affect and is available for future use. The physiological and emotional arousal stemming from a traumatic event may disrupt the information processing mechanism. The blocked processing prevents the traumatic information from progressing through the normal steps of adaptive integration. The physiological stimulation appears to activate the innate information processing systems and may be linked to the mechanisms inherent in memory storage. EMDR apparently intervenes in brain functions, especially in the limbic system and amygdale, which have been already identified as actively involved in traumatic experiences.

Keywords: Information Processing System Neurophysiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

304. Gower, T. (2002, May). The new quick-fix therapy. Health, 98-99.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Anita Anderson tried all sort of ways to relieve her fear of flying. She listened to soft music before takeoff, make herself think soothing thoughts – nothing worked. Then, two years ago, the 52-year-old from Brewster, Massachusetts, learned that a psychotherapist friend of hers had been trained to perform EMDR, a new treatment that allegedly relieves anxiety quickly. She promptly made an appointment.

Keywords: Fear of Flying General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

305. Shapiro, F. (1995, November). Note from Francine Shapiro, Ph.D. The Harvard Mental Health Letter, 7.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
After the publication of the preceding article, "What is EMDR?", the editors of the Harvard Mental Health Newsletter were deluged with letters of protest. They wrote back to one correspondent, "We have received so many thoughthful criticisms of the Herbert and Meuser piece that we now believe we made a mistake in publishing it. Somehow, nobody on our Editorial Board knew enough about this to scotch their piece." Therefore, the editors chose one of the letters (shown below) to help set the record straight. Clearly, however, the article caused an unwarranted dissemination of misinformation among the Lay and professional community.

Keywords: Letter

Accuracy Verified: Yes

306. Eisele, N. (2012, Novembro). O conceito de resiliência aplicado a situações extremas: Como o EMDR pode ajudar? [The concept of resilience applied to extreme situations: How EMDR can help?]. In EMDR em traumas. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Resiliência é um conceito que se utiliza para explicar fenômenos psicossociais referidos a indivíduos e grupos que superam ou transcendem situações adversas. O EMDR estimula o sistema de informações disfuncionais. Assim, acelera o processamento de informações traumáticas e possibilita que se manifestem emoções e insights apropriados e saudáveis, ou seja: resilientes. Pretendo compartilhar minha experiência em dois casos distintos: com desabrigados das catástrofes naturais em Nova Friburgo, que ocorreu em janeiro de 2011, e com funcionários da Escola Municipal Tasso da Silveira/RJ, onde um atirador matou 11 crianças. Apresento o EMDR como pedra angular de uma psicoterapia que pode ajudar a identificar aspectos resilientes, que permitam a integração dos elementos cognitivos, emocionais e traumáticos, favorecendo o enfrentamento das perdas, rupturas e situações de extrema tensão, características das pessoas que vivenciam situações de grandes choques emocionais e enorme sofrimento. O EMDR, nesses casos, tem se mostrado de grande ajuda para que o indivíduo encontre o elo de ligação entre a vida “até ontem” e a vida “de amanhã”, resignificando o momento atual, fortalecendo a possibilidade de alteração dos rumos de sua vida e prevenindo os TEPTs.

Resilience is a concept that is used to explain psychosocial phenomena referred to individuals and groups that transcend or overcome adverse situations. EMDR stimulates the information system dysfunctional. Thus, speeds processing of traumatic information and makes it possible to express emotions and insights appropriate and healthy, ie: resilient. I intend to share my experience in two different cases: with homeless natural disasters in New Freiburg, which occurred in January 2011, and with officials of the Municipal School Tasso da Silveira / RJ, where a gunman killed 11 children. I offer EMDR as a cornerstone of a psychotherapy that can help identify aspects resilient, allowing the integration of cognitive, emotional and traumatic, favoring coping with loss, breakage and situations of extreme stress, characteristics of people experiencing situations of great emotional shock and immense suffering. EMDR in such cases has proved of great help for the individual to find the link between life "until yesterday" and life "tomorrow", redefining the present time, strengthening the possibility of changing the course of his life and preventing TEPTs.

Keywords: Resiliency

Accuracy Verified: Yes

307. Goes, D. A. B. (2012, Novembro). O poder da minha prática: Um caso clínico de enurese noturna [The power of my practice: A case study of nocturnal enuresis]. In EMDR na infância. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Júlia é uma menina de seis anos de idade. Sempre foi acompanhada por mim, como pediatra, desde o seu nascimento. Nasceu de parto cesáreo e é a primeira filha. Teve um desenvolvimento psicomotor e físico normal até o momento. Fruto de uma relação estável, os pais da Júlia são relativamente bem estruturados. A mãe tem 38 anos, é professora universitária. O pai tem 40 anos e é também professor universitário. Júlia apresentou enxaqueca infantil entre dois e três anos, que melhorou com medicação homeopática. Tem uma irmãzinha de um ano e meio. A queixa atual é de que não consegue controlar o xixi de noite, e acorda sempre molhada. Já foram feitas várias tentativas para melhorar isso. Diminuir a água da noite, por a Júlia no vaso antes de ir dormir, acordar com despertador, usar remédio homeopático, usar remédio alopático, mas nada dá resultado. Júlia acorda sempre molhada. Após quatro sessões, a partir de jogos, as cartas de bons e maus pensamentos, brincadeiras com as com as tabelas de Suds e de Voc, leitura do livro “Um dia Ruim”, os ajudantes de EMDR (Eva, Maravilha, Dudu e Requinho), entre outros recursos, Júliabv passou a semana inteira acordando sequinha, e nunca mais fez xix na cama.

English Portuguese Galician Julia is a girl of six years old. Where was accompanied by me, as a pediatrician, since birth. He was born by cesarean section, and is the first child. Had a normal physical and psychomotor development so far. The result of a stable relationship, Julia's parents are relatively well structured. The mother is 38 years old, is a university professor. The father is 40 years old and is also a university professor. Julia had migraine child between two and three years, which improved with homeopathic medication. It has a little sister a year and a half. The current complaint is that you can not control the pee at night and always wake up wet. Various attempts have been made to improve this. Lowering the water at night, by Julia in the vase before going to sleep, waking up alarm, use homeopathic medicine, allopathic medicine use, but nothing has worked. Julia always wake up wet. After four sessions, from games, letters of good and bad thoughts, jokes with with tables and Suds You, reading the book "A Day Poor," the helpers of EMDR (Eva, Wonder, and Dudu Requinho ), among other features, Júliabv spent the whole week waking sequinha, and never did in bed xix

Keywords: Clinical Case Enuresis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

308. Bittu, S. S. (2010, Octubre/Noviembre). O uso do EMDR no tratamento da timidez: Um estudo de caso [The use of EMDR in the treatment of shyness: A case study]. Presentación en el II Congreso Iberoamericano de EMDR y Psicotrauma, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A autora apresenta um protocolo de atendimento de um homem de 57 anos, Educador, Phd, que apresentava Timidez, dificuldade em se comunicar, e uma série de sintomas físicos: tremor nas mãos, ruborização, pequenos espasmos faciais, travamento na mandíbula e graves problemas cervicais. A metodologia utilizada foi exclusivamente EMDR. Os atendimentos ocorreram dentro de um período de uma semana, totalizando aproximadamente doze horas de atendimento. Neste período tivemos como resultado a cura dos sintomas físicos e diminuição significativa da Timidez. O objetivo deste trabalho é compartilhar essa experiência e ratificar o alcance e a capacidade desta metodologia psicoterapêutica, quebrando antigos paradigmas e crenças sobre psicoterapia. Ao término desta apresentação o participante será capaz de reconhecer a importância do método, a eficácia e a rapidez no tratamento de pessoas com distúrbios de ansiedade, ter mais uma referência de utilização do EMDR para aplicar em seus pacientes, bem como redimensionar seus limites e possibilidades terapêuticas. The author presents a protocol of care for a man of 57 years, Educator, PhD, who presented Shyness, difficulty communicating, and a host of physical symptoms: trembling hands, flushing, small facial spasms, lock jaw and serious problems neck. The methodology used was exclusively EMDR. The visits occurred within a period of a week, totaling approximately twelve hours of care. In this period we have had as a result the healing of physical symptoms and significant decrease of Shyness. The objective of this work is to share this experience and ratify the scope and capacity of this psychotherapeutic methodology, breaking old paradigms and beliefs about psychotherapy. Upon completion of this presentation the participant will be able to recognize the importance of the method, the effectiveness and timeliness in treating people with anxiety disorders, have more of a reference using EMDR to apply for their patients, as well as resize your limits and therapeutic possibilities.

Keywords: Shyness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

309. Bittu, S. S. (2012, Novembro). O uso do EMDR no tratamento da timidez: Um estudo de caso [The use of EMDR in the treatment of shyness: A case study]. In casos clínicos I. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A autora apresenta um protocolo de atendimento de um homem de 57 anos, Educador, Phd, que apresentava Timidez, dificuldade em se comunicar, e uma série de sintomas físicos: tremor nas mãos, ruborização, pequenos espasmos faciais, travamento na mandíbula e graves problemas cervicais. A metodologia utilizada foi exclusivamente EMDR. Os atendimentos ocorreram dentro de um período de uma semana, totalizando aproximadamente doze horas de atendimento. Neste período tivemos como resultado a cura dos sintomas físicos e diminuição significativa da Timidez. O objetivo deste trabalho é compartilhar essa experiência e ratificar o alcance e a capacidade desta metodologia psicoterapêutica, quebrando antigos paradigmas e crenças sobre psicoterapia. Ao término desta apresentação o participante será capaz de reconhecer a importância do método, a eficácia e a rapidez no tratamento de pessoas com distúrbios de ansiedade, ter mais uma referência de utilização do EMDR para aplicar em seus pacientes, bem como redimensionar seus limites e possibilidades terapêuticas.

The author presents a protocol of care for a man of 57 years, Educator, PhD, who presented Shyness, difficulty communicating, and a host of physical symptoms: trembling hands, flushing, small facial spasms, lock jaw and serious problems neck. The methodology used was exclusively EMDR. The visits occurred within a period of a week, totaling approximately twelve hours of care. In this period we have had as a result the healing of physical symptoms and significant decrease of Shyness. The objective of this work is to share this experience and ratify the scope and capacity of this psychotherapeutic methodology, breaking old paradigms and beliefs about psychotherapy. Upon completion of this presentation the participant will be able to recognize the importance of the method, the effectiveness and timeliness in treating people with anxiety disorders, have more of a reference using EMDR to apply for their patients, as well as resize your limits and therapeutic possibilities.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorder Case Study Somatization Shyness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

310. Young, W. C. (1992, December). Observations on using EMDR with patients with a history of sadistic and ritual abuse. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(2), 14-15.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
When working with patients with a history of sadistic and ritual abuse, judgment needs to be made as to his or her readiness to continue when alters present for EMDR. For example, in preparing one patient for EMDR, a child alter presented. Feeling that this was her starting point, she began to realize she was not yet prepared and felt too much was coming at her. In another patient, a "non-feeling" satanic alter presented. I assumed the starting point was of a state that did not feel and that the processing would lead this state to the pain of the others (which it did). Another woman recalled concentrating on "Satan's" robe when raped, seeing i t was not ironed, but wrinkled, and asked herself how a demon could present with a wrinkled robe. She was on the way to becoming more realistic.

Keywords: Ritual Abuse Sadistic Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

311. Yoeli, F. R., & Prattos-Spongalides, T-A. (2004, June). OCD: Anxiety, rituals, co-morbidity or altered state? Treatment outcomes with EMDR. In anxiety disorders and EMDR (A. de Jongh, Chair). Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of th EMDR Europe Association, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Trauma-generated OCD repeats the trauma through its own ritual behavior patterns. This altered state re-traumatizes the core personality through the repetition of rituals similar to the original trauma. The presenters hypothesize that trauma-based OCD is an altered state not co-morbid with diagnosis for dissociative disorders. This OCD persona served the dissociative adult cope with traumatic memories changing and influencing reactions to ongoing trauma, life choices, and other behavior patterns.
This aim of this workshop is to focus on the development of trauma-based, anxiety-motivated dissociative states. Life in the shadow of chronic anxiety stemming from living under constant and consistent life-threatening conditions produces a (sub)-population of persons suffering from PTS/D. The anxiety and fear from elements of unprocessed traumatic events are retained and embedded in the body and are repeatedly triggered in daily life. This PTSD population dissociates into anxiety-based altered states ranging along a continuum from mild tension to phobias, panic attacks, denial, PCD, aggression, indifference and apathy and finally full blown trauma generated OCD.
The presenters provide cross-cultural examples demonstrating how ongoing threat of man-made or natural disasters often leads to a dissociative OCD state. Case examples are explored which demonstrate how processing with EMDR effectively enables resolution and change. EMDR is particularly useful in processing the “anxiety” via current behavior patterns.
Objectives: 1) to examine the co-morbidity aspects of trauma-based OCD and dissociation 2) to present the parallel continuums of types of stress and anxiety (on the intensity and severity axis 3) to compare the differences and similarities in behavioral patterns in different cultures under the stress of constant threat of annihilation (man-made vs. natural threats) 4) to demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR on trauma induced OCD, through case illustration and discussion.

Keywords: Altered States Anxiety Disorders Co-morbidity Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Rituals Symposium Treatment Outcomes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

312. Hærås, T. (2009, October). Omstridt behandling av posttraumatisk stress [Controversial treatment of post traumatic stress]. Sykepleien, 60-62.

Language: Norwegian

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
I løpet av de siste årene har vi hatt en tidobling av antall flyktninger som oppholder seg i Norge (1). På bakgrunn av dette ser vi at helsevesenet møter mange utfordringer i forhold til innvandrerpasienter (2). Halvparten av innvandrere i Norge oppgir å bli diskriminert (3). Mange av disse pasientene sliter med Posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD). Til enhver tid regner man med at cirka en prosent av befolkningen lider av PTSD (4).

Over the past year we have had a tidobling the number of refugees staying in Norway (1). On the basis of this we see that the health care system face many challenges in relation immigrant patients (2). Half of immigrants in Norway claim to be discriminated against (3). Many of these patients suffering from Post Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At all times estimated that approximately one percent of the population suffers from PTSD (4).

Keywords: Refugee Mental Illness Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stress Torture War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

313. Thomson, S. S. (1995). On circumcision, other childhood medical procedures and EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(2), 8.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
I was using eye movements with a 47-year- old client, Jay (pseudonym), focusing on an unnecessary tonsillectomy when he was about 9 years old. These operations were done on both his older brother and himself-just because this was what was done in those days. He described seeing his brother being wheeled, semi-conscious, out of the operating room with blood coming out of his mouth. He thought to himself, "Well, he's not dead . . . (is he?)." He was then dragged kicking and screaming to the operating room. His parents did not visit him for the 3 days he he had been promised some. As we was in the hospital. He got no ice cream, though were finishing the EMDR processing of this set of incidents, I asked him if he had been circumcised. (I had been meaning to ask about this since he was intensively processing a list of traumas in a short period of time before leaving the state for a new job. I chose this moment "out of the clear blue sky.") He said, "Well, it's funny you ask this because for the last ten minutes I have been feeling a sharp pain all around. . . there" (the head of his penis). As he moved his eyes, focusing on the sharp pain, it got increasingly dull until it went away. (Incidentally, processing this pain may have elicited, or made him feel safe enough to realize, another related fact-his attitude toward his body.)

Keywords: Children Circumsion Medical Procedures

Accuracy Verified: Yes

314. Keenan, P. S. (2004, September). Outcome of CBT with adults; The treatment of non-psychotic morbid jealousy using EMDR and cognitive interweave. Poster presented at the 34th annual Conference of the European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology(UMIST), Manchester, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Jealousy is an unwelcome emotion, which most people will have experienced at sometime in their lives. In its mildest form it may be seen as an expression of devotion, however, for some people it can become obsessive and destructive (Mullen, 1990) The possible consequences of this very serious condition can result in suspician, violence and the complete breakdown of a relationship. This study highlights the case of a man with a long standing history of jealousy towards his partner. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) would suggest that jealousy was maintained by a person's erroneous assumptions about sexual behaviour and attractiveness of their partner, as well as pervasive negative schemas of self-worth. Any consideration for treatment therefore, needed to address both these areas. The treatment intervention of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) utilising cognitive interweave was used to reduce the intensity of the emotionof jealous reactions. Results showed a marked reduction in the intensity of the emotion of jealousy, which lead to a reduction in the client's challenging and checking behaviours towards his partner. Results also indicate a clear reduction in the client's erroneous automatic negative and jelous thoughts. What is unclear is whether it was the EMDR therapy itself, or a combination of EMDR and other cognitive behavoural therapy interventions that brought about these reducitons in symptomatology. Acknowledging the limitations of generalising from single case designs, consideration will be given to the need for further investigation and research in to the application of EMDR with this client group.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Cognitive Interweave Morbid Jealousy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

315. Schmidt, S. J. (1999, December). Overcoming client resistance to resource development and installation (RDI). EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4), 10, 27-31.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
At the 1997 San Francisco EMDRIA Conference Andrew Leeds (1997) made a landmark presentation on Resource Development and Installation (RDI), in which he highlighted a surprising and dramatic shift in a chronically ill client following and RDI intervention. While Dr, Leeds concedes he is not the first or only proponent of RDI, he has certainly done more than any one else to popularize it s use. The EMDR Institute has recognized its importance and now includes it in Level II trainings. RDI is a powerful psychotherapy tool. Its ego strengthening effects prepares clients for, and lowers resistance to, EMDR processing. In my experience, preceding standard EMDR with RDI can increase the likelihood of safe, simple, and successful trauma processing. For a variety of reasons, unfortunately, some clients resist RDI interventions. This article proposes a model for understanding such resistance.

Keywords: RDI Resistance Resource Development Installation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

316. Pagani, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Verardo, A. R., Nicolais, G., Lauretti, G., Russo, R., Cogolo, P., Niolu, C., Ammaniti, M., Siracusano, A., & Fernandez, I. (2012, January). P-1162 Pre- intra- and post-treatment EEG imaging of EMDR - neurobiological bases of treatment efficacy. European Psychiatry, 27(Supplement 1), 1-1. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(12)75329-4.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Aim: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recognized first-line treatment for psychological trauma. However its neurobiological bases have not been disclosed yet. Methods: Electroencephalography was used for the first time to fully monitor neuronal activation during whole EMDR sessions including the autobiographical script. Nine clients with major psychological trauma were investigated during the first EMDR session and during the last one performed after processing the index trauma. Comparisons between the EEG of the first and last EMDR session and between the EEG of the clients at the first session and those of 9 controls undergoing the same EMDR procedure were performed. Results: During both script listening and bilateral stimulation EEG showed significantly higher activity in the prefrontal limbic cortex (Brodmann Areas, BA 9–10) at the first as compared to the last EMDR session. The opposite comparison showed a shift of the prevalent activity towards temporal, parietal and occipital cortical regions (BAs 20, 21, 22, 37, 17, 18, 19) with leftward lateralisation. The comparison between the 9 clients and the 9 controls confirmed the maximal activation in the limbic cortex in the clients before processing the trauma. Conclusions: The implemented methodology made possible to image for the first time the specific activations associated with the therapeutic actions contemplated by EMDR. The findings suggest cognitive processing of traumatic events following successful EMDR therapy supporting the evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during bilateral ocular stimulation associated with a significant relieve from negative emotional experiences.

Keywords: EEG Imaging Neurobiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

317. Kravic, N., & Hasanovic, M. (2011, January). P02-377 - Moral conflict and first sexual experience - Case presentation. European Psychiatry, 26(Supplement 1), 973-973. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(11)72678-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objectives: In our mind as well as in our body and nature nothing is happened accidentally, we can often see that there is mutual connection between them. There is a case presentation of young man age 29 with obsessive thoughts for getting fatal disease if step on junky needles which he had seen in his neighbor. It thoughts influence his all life he is avoiding to go out of his apartment, poorly sleep, he insisted to be admitted to in patient treatment because he „would probably kill himself if he had to stay there jet…” His first difficulties appeared when he was 20, after his first sexual experience which he has had with prostitute, after his friend’s birthday party. Then he obsessively started to think about getting AIDS, getting died… Four years ago he really have got malignant testicular tumor and in his 24he had passed through exhausting surgery and chemotherapy. As a child he was growing up during the war time, experienced snake bite, often tonsil infections.Now he has no job, live with parents and one year older brother, no girlfriend or other relationship. Treated with antidepressant venlafaxin, and atypical narcoleptic risperidon, with additionally used EMDR, he showed good recovery and getting into every day activities.

Keywords: Sexual Experience

Accuracy Verified: Yes

318. Pagani, M., Nardo, D., Flumeri, F., Salmaso, D., Looi, J., Sanchez-Crespo, A., Larsson, S.A., Sundin, Ö., Hogberg, G., & Bejerot, S. (2009, January). P03-58 volumetric changes in PTSD and in a subgroup of PTSD patients not responding to EMDR psychotherapy. European Psychiatry, 24(Supplement 1), S1057-S1057. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(09)71290-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Several studies have reported limbic structures volume decrease in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, in PTSD the effect of therapy on brain structures has seldom been investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the grey matter (GM) loss in occupational related PTSD and to assess the volumetric differences between patients responding (R) and non-responding (NR) to psychotherapy. Methods: Pre-EMDR MRI data of 21 train drives who did develop PTSD (S) and 22 who did not develop PTSD (NS) after person-under-the-train accidents were compared. Within S further comparisons were made between 10 R to Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and 5 NR. Data were analysed by optimised voxel-based morphometry as implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping. Results: As compared to NS, S showed a significant GM volume reduction in precuneus, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. The R>NR comparison highlighted a significant GM reduction in NR in bilateral posterior cingulate, left middle frontal cortex and right parahippocampal, insular and temporal cortices. Conclusions: Comparing two large groups of subjects significant GM volumetric reductions were found in PTSD in posterior limbic structures. NR showed, as compared to R, volume reduction in cortical structures including posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. These latter two structures seem to be the hallmark for both PTSD diagnosis and therapy outcome prediction.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

319. Grand, D., Hartung, J., Adúriz, M.E., Jarero, I., & Artigas, L. (2007, Novembro). Panel HAP – Desastres y Ayuda Humanitaria [EMDR in disasters - C) Disasters and humanitarian help]. Mesa redonda en El Primer Congreso Iberoamericano de EMDR, Brasilia, Brasil.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
El panel hablará de las distintas intervenciones con EMDR usadas en situaciones de catástrofe alrededor del mundo.

The panel will discuss the various interventions EMDR used in disaster situations around the world.

Keywords: Disasters HAP Humanitarian Assistance Programs Humanitarian Efforts Panel Discussion

Accuracy Verified: Yes

320. Maynard, S. (2006, February). Personal and professional coaching: A literature review. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Research on the efficacy of coaching has been slow to emerge since the inception of its use in the late 1930s. Existing theoretical and empirical evidence is scarce, yet the successful use of many proprietary methods and models of coaching have been reported. The purpose of this literature review was to summarize current methods and models of personal and professional coaching to identify a common theoretical foundation upon which empirical studies can be conducted. The findings of the literature review revealed that humanistic theory can provide the theoretical framework for coaching. All methods and models of coaching emphasized unconditional respect for each individual's capacity to make their own choices and achieve fulfillment through self-actualization. The coaching process was found to be holistic, client-centered and focused on human value and potential. Due to the lack of theoretical and empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of coaching, a randomized study is proposed that is designed to assess the efficacy of coaching based on humanistic theory. The with-in subject study suggests using a quantitative Likert summated scale to assess client attitudes before and after coaching. It is designed to eliminate possible confounding variables that may have been present in previous research. The purpose of the proposed research study is to test the hypothesis that coaching increases client satisfaction as measured by quality of life indices in an effort to determine if this new helping intervention is impacting our society in a useful and positive way. Demonstrating the efficacy of coaching is not only socially significant for the protection of the consumer, but ethically imperative to substantiate claims being made by those who coach.

Keywords: Personal Coaching Professional Coaching

Accuracy Verified: Yes

321. Tryon, W. W. (2005, January). Possible mechanisms for why desensitization and exposure therapy work. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(1), 67-95. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.08.005.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Rosen and Davison [Rosen, G.M. and Davison, G.C. (2003). Psychology should list empirically supported principles of change (ESPs) and not credential trademarked therapies or other treatment packages. Behavior Modification, 27, 300–312] recommended that empirically supported principles be listed instead of empirically supported treatments because the latter approach enables the creation of putatively new therapies by adding functionally inert components to already listed effective treatments. This article attempts to facilitate inquiry into empirically supported principles by reviewing possible mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of systematic desensitization and exposure therapy. These interventions were selected because they were among the first empirically supported treatments for which some attempt was made at explanation. Reciprocal inhibition, counterconditioning, habituation, extinction, two-factor model, cognitive changes including expectation, self-efficacy, cognitive restructuring, and informal network-based emotional processing explanations are considered. Logical problems and/or available empirical evidence attenuate or undercut these explanations. A connectionist learning-memory mechanism supported by findings from behavioral and neuroscience research is provided. It demonstrates the utility of preferring empirically supported principles over treatments. Problems and limitations of connectionist explanations are presented. This explanation warrants further consideration and should stimulate discussion concerning empirically supported principles.

Keywords: Systematic Desensitization Exposure Therapy Learning-Memory Mechanism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

322. Mattioli, G. (2004, May). The post traumatic stress disorder and EMDR therapy. Full Informatiu, 169. Retrieved http://guillermomattioli.com/?p=540&lang=en on 2/10/2013.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
“Post traumatic stress” contains all the features required to mark an epoch. To start with, it has a long prehistory under the name of traumatic neurosis, which includes all the debates about trauma and its etiological value, a “narrative” (here’s another one) that began with Freud and have still not finished. As a coined label (post traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) is fairly recent, appears about the 80ties in the DSM-III, ranged in the chapter on Anxiety Disorders, although some doubts have later been raised about this classification, since PSTD could also be included under Major Depression or also Dissociation. Finally, PSTD has triggered a proliferation of methods to treat it, based on advances in general psychology and neuroscience. Suffering PTSD means that the person affected has experienced, witnessed, imagined or listened about one or more events entailing deaths or threats to his or another one’s safety, and has reacted with fear, helplessness and horror leaving intense negative feelings warded off into his emotional memory, stored in the limbic system. Traumatic scenes may come from either natural disasters, or caused by terrorist acts, of being involved in violent situations, such as war veterans or out of having suffered physical and sexual violence, such as abused children or women

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

323. Strudwick, P. (2010, March 2). Post traumatic stress disorder: A new eye movement therapy. London, UK: The Times, Health Online.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract: As a 20-year-old, a writer was beaten and left for dead in his home. After years of flashbacks, he found a therapy, based on eye movement, that made his memories bearable.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

324. Yule, W. (1999) . Post-traumatic stress disorders: Concepts and therapy. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book, written by contributors from the Institute of Psychiatry in London, represents the fruits of ten years of working with survivors of accidents and disasters. It contains a coherent approach to the psychology underpinning their stress reactions, and places these disorders within a broad social psychological perspective. It applies many of the latest insights from experimental cognitive psychology to the experiences of the survivors. [Adapted from Preface]

Keywords: PTSD Treatment Adults Children Survivors Adolescents Coping Behavior Social Support Networks Personality Traits Psychobiology Intrusive Thoughts Cognitive Processes Cognitive Therapy Behavior Therapy Research Needs Epidemiology Etiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

325. Pagani, M. (2012, March). Pre-, intra-, and post-treatment EEG imaging of EMDR – Neurobiological bases of treatment efficacy. Poster presentation at the Scientific Programme of the 20th European Congress of Psychiatry, Prague, Czech Republic.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Conclusions: The implemented methodology made possible for the first time to image and represent on the cortical surface the specific brain activations associated with the therapeutic actions contemplated by EMDR protocol. These findings suggest the cognitivization of traumatic events following successful EMDR therapy with the maximal neuronal firing shifting from prefrontal-limbic to parieto-occipital associative cortex. Our results also support the evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during bilateral ocular stimulation.

Keywords: EEG Imaging Efficacy Neurobiology Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

326. Prattos-Spongalides, T. A., & Yoeli, F. R. (2003, May). Pre-war anxiety as impacted by previously unreported (embedded) trauma & EMDR: A preliminary hypothesis. In Treatment of survivors of mass disasters. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Anxiety Mass Disasters Symposium Treatment War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

327. Guettler, K. (2004, June). A preverbal trauma mastered by dynamic psycho-therapy and EMDR. In psychodynamics and EMDR (B. Lilieblad, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A special variety of dynamic therapy is presented which was successfully combined with EMDR. A new diagnostic category is tentatively proposed. A man in his twenties, successful in studies and in political and welfare organizations, managed his life by intellectual consideration but with hardly any emotional assessment being at a loss when confronted with demands for a personal stand. He disliked his lack of integrity and indecision which he liberated himself from during the initial three years of therapy in so far as friends and societies were concerned. However, all his intimate relations kept breaking up. He could not account for why and in this context he appeared to be alexithym. When the partner left him it was a total surprise to him, he got very upset in a diffuse way and quite bewildered. At some occasions he got regressive spells of yelling, crying and struggling. They seemed to be flashbacks and not a hysterical acting out. As a trauma might be an etiological factor I proposed EMDR and he accepted to try it. During four EMDR-sessions memories with intense emotional involvement appeared. Altogether the material made me venture a construction of him as a baby yelling and kicking in desperate need for a mother who kept being absent. Shortly afterwards he entered a relation that was satisfying to both him and his partner. The therapy was terminated. In a follow up two years later the relation was still good and he told me that the construction had made him grasp his life-history. A prerequisite for the EMDR-sessions and their effect was the three years of psychotherapy with the focusing of his central problem, but the liberation from this problem could not have been reached without EMDR -at least not in such a short time.

Keywords: Preverbal Trauma Primary Repression Repetition-Compulsion Symposium Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

328. Zangwill, W. M. (1993, March). Problems and pitfalls using EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This session is designed to review the most common errors that I and others have made using EMDR.

Keywords: Pitfalls

Accuracy Verified: Yes

329. Zangwill, W. (1994, March). Problems, pitfalls, and common mistakes in using EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation is a review of frequent mistakes made using EMDR and a discussion of what to try when we and our patients are stuck. Please be prepared to discuss and share your successes and failures.

Keywords: Pitfalls

Accuracy Verified: Yes

330. Kazi, A., Freund, B., & Ironson, G. (2008, April). Prolonged exposure treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder following the 9/11 attack with a person who escaped from the twin towers. Clinical Case Studies, 7(2), 100-117. doi:10.1177/1534650107306290.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The occurrence and impact of terrorist attacks can be dramatic and long lasting. Cognitivebehavioral interventions are effective in alleviating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors of rape, wartime combat, automobile accidents, and natural disasters. Effectiveness of such interventions on victims of terrorist attacks is in the early stages of research. On September 11, 2001, two hijacked planes crashed into the twin towers in New York City, killing approximately 2,750 people and emotionally and physically affecting thousands who witnessed or escaped the attack. This case study illustrates a course of 12 active prolonged exposure (PE) sessions for PTSD with a female survivor. After 15 sessions (3 of which were preparatory), the client improved 75%, as measured by a composite score of measures. Her reported quality of life had improved dramatically posttreatment and remained stable at 6-month follow-up. This cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention, with 15 office sessions and homework assignments for decreasing avoidances, is described and discussed.

Keywords: 9/11 CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure Treatment PTSD September 11th Terrorist Attacks

Accuracy Verified: Yes

331. Carvalho, E. (2012, Novembro). Protocolo grupal e integrativo com EMDR [Protocol group and integrative with EMDR]. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
O EMDR-IGTP tem sido usada em seu formato original ou com adaptações para atender às circunstâncias em ambientes ao redor do mundo. Relatos de casos de DST e estudos de campo documentada eficácia com crianças e adultos após catástrofes naturais ou provocadas pelo homem e de guerra durante o trauma contínuo. Este protocolo pode ser utilizado efetivamente como adultos com uma intervenção precoce na fase aguda da resposta pós-traumático por redução de sintomas de estresse pós-traumático e auto-relato de sofrimento e poderia ser aplicado com sucesso em uma situação de curso crises geopolíticas e da violência, mantida com os efeitos durante toda a crise.

IGTP-EMDR has been used in its original format or with adaptations to meet the circumstances in environments around the world . Reports of cases of STD and field studies documented effectiveness with children and adults after natural disasters or man during the war and ongoing trauma. This protocol can be used effectively as adults with early intervention in the acute phase response by reducing post-traumatic symptoms of post-traumatic stress and self-reported distress and could be successfully applied in a situation of ongoing geopolitical crises and violence, with the effect maintained throughout the crisis.

Keywords: Group Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

332. Jarero, I., & Artigas, L. (2007, Novembro). Protocolo grupal e integrativo con EMDR [Group protocol integrated with EMDR]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objetivos de aprendizaje: • Este Protocolo fue creado para responder a las enormes necesidades de atención en salud mental que siguieron al huracán Paulina en 1997. Desde esa fecha hasta la actualidad, se ha aplicado tanto en desastres naturales como provocados por el hombre en México, Centroamérica, Sudamérica, Italia, Alemania, Turquía, Sri Lanka, Tailandia, la India, Sumatra, Israel, Territorios Palestinos y Uganda

Learning Objectives: • This protocol was created to meet the huge health care needs mental that followed Hurricane Pauline 1997. From that date until present, applied both in natural disasters man-made in Mexico, Central and South America, Italy, Germany, Turkey, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, Sumatra, Israel, Palestinian Territories and Uganda.

Keywords: Disasters Group Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

333. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Hartung, J. G. (2005, March). Protocolo grupal e integrativo con EMDR: Intervención post-catástrofe para niños y adultos [EMDR integrative group treatment: A postdisaster trauma intervention for children and adults]. Revista de Psicotrauma para Iberoamérica, 4(1), 22-29 .

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
El Reprocesamiento y Desensibilización a través del Movimiento Ocular (EMDR) por sus siglas en inglés, es reconocido como un tratamiento efectivo y eficiente para tratar asuntos relacionados con trauma. Este artículo describe la aplicación de una intervención grupal con EMDR para niños y adultos traumatizados por desastres naturales en varios países de Latinoamérica. Para ejemplificar la aplicación del modelo, se describe un estudio de campo medido formalmente y nueve proyectos piloto. Los prometedores resultados de esta intervención grupal sugieren que el EMDR es un medio efectivo para dar tratamiento a grandes grupos de personas afectadas por eventos traumáticos en gran escala (desastres naturales, terrorismo). Es necesaria más investigación controlada sobre este tema.

EMDR has been accepted as an effective and efficient approach in the treatment of trauma related issues. A model is described for using an EMDR group intervention for children and adults traumatized by natural disasters in several Latin American countries. To exemplify the application of the model, one formally measured field study and nine pilot projects are described. The promising outcomes of this intervention suggest that EMDR is an effective means for providing treatment to large groups of survivors affected by large scale traumatic events (natural disasters, terrorism, etc.). Anyway, more controlled research about this issue is needed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents Adults Argentines Colombians Natural Disasters Group Psychotherapy Mexicans Nicaraguans Salvadorans School Age Children Survivors Trauma Venezuelans

Accuracy Verified: Yes

334. Artigas, L. (2012, June). Protocolo grupal [Group protocol]. Pre-Conference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain .

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The EMDR-IGTP has been used in its original format or with adaptations to meet the circumstances in numerous settings around the world. Case reports and field studies documented its effectiveness with children and adults after natural or man-made disasters and during ongoing war trauma. This protocol can be used effectively with adults as an early intervention in the acute phase of posttraumatic response by reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress and self-reported distress and it could be applied successfully in a situation of ongoing geopolitical crisis and violence, with the effects maintained throughout the crisis.

El Protocolo Grupal e Integrativo con EMDR ha sido usado en su formato original o con adaptaciones para adecuarlo a las circunstancias en numerosos sitios alrededor del mundo. Reporte de casos y estudios de campo han demostrado su efectividad con niños y adultos sobrevivientes de desastres naturales o provocados por el hombre y durante trauma de guerra continuado. También ha demostrado su efectividad con adultos como intervención temprana en la fase aguda de una respuesta postraumática reduciendo síntomas de estrés postraumático. Ha sido aplicado exitosamente en situación de crisis y violencia geopolítica continuada, con los efectos benéficos manteniéndose a lo largo de la crisis.

Keywords: Group Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

335. Bruck, N. R. V. (2007, March). A psicologia das emergências: Um estudo sobre angústia pública e o dramático cotidiano do trauma [The psychology of emergencies: A survey of public angst and dramatic daily life of trauma]. Pontifica Universidade Catolica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Programa De Pos-Graduacao Em Psicologia Doutorado Em Psicologia, Porto Alegre.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
O assunto “trauma” vem adquirindo novos significados, considerando principalmente acontecimentos sociais recentes, sejam eventos adversos, catástrofes, desastres, sejam as situações-limite vividas pelas pessoas no cotidiano urbano. A psicologia das emergências estuda o comportamento das pessoas nos acidentes e desastres desde uma ação preventiva até o pós-trauma e, se for o caso, subsidia intervenções de compreensão, apoio e superação do trauma às vítimas e profissionais do SAMU. O assunto se estende às questões que vão desde a experiência pessoal do trauma até os eventos adversos provocados por calamidades, sejam estas naturais e/ou provocadas pelo homem. A psicologia das emergências é um tema de angústia pública, sentimento difuso de mal-estar que se origina dos acontecimentos públicos traumáticos, chamados estressores, tais como os acidentes de trânsito com vítima, assim como os provenientes das demais situações limites de toda a violência urbana. O trauma é uma experiência que explode a capacidade de suportar um revés, traz a perda de sentido, desorganização corporal e paralisação da consciência temporal, pode deixar marcas que influenciam a criatividade e a motivação para a vida. Os objetivos nos primeiros auxílios psicológicos são de aliviar as manifestações sintomáticas e o sofrimento, reduzindo os sentimentos de anormalidade e de enfermidade. Um dos objetivos é a familiarização com temas considerados complexos e muitas vezes distantes das discussões sobre trauma psicológico, sendo que o problema da pesquisa é a compreensão da psicologia das emergências e como colocá-la em prática. Os autores mais utilizados são Edgar Morin, Alfredo Moffatt, Serge Moscovici, Gilles Deleuze e Michel Foucault, dentre outros. São abordados os temas do não-reducionismo, da epistemologia de si mesmo e da relação da Teoria das Representações Sociais com o EMDR (dessensibilização e reprocessamento através de movimentos oculares). O método desta pesquisa, com suporte na observação participante refere às questões da complexidade, análise multirreferencial e de implicação. As técnicas mais utilizadas foram entrevistas, grupos focais-“histórias significativas” e análise documental. É indicado, como atitudes favoráveis pensar não a partir de algo, mas, sobretudo sobre algo e que para mudar o modo de agir torna-se necessário modificar a imagem que uma pessoa tenha de si próprio. Como conclusões da pesquisa, observou-se: que as pessoas acidentadas trazem outros acontecimentos considerados difíceis junto com o depoimento sobre o acidente, como situações de luto e de sofrimento com familiares; que o estresse pós-traumático não é uma conseqüência inevitável do trauma; que não há nenhuma orientação, ou rotina, nas missões de socorros e nos documentos oficiais do SAMU sobre o tema psicologia das emergências. Também são indicadas considerações finais sobre os temas da Síndrome de Burnout, sobre a influência da instituição no cotidiano dos atendimentos, sobre a relação da clínica com a psicologia social.

The subject of "trauma" has acquired new meanings, especially considering recent social events, are adverse events, catastrophes, disasters, are the extreme situations experienced by people in urban daily life. Psychology emergencies studies the behavior of people in accidents and disasters from preventive action to post-trauma and, if necessary, subsidize interventions understanding, support and overcoming the trauma victim and professional SAMU. The subject extends to issues ranging from the personal experience of trauma to adverse events caused by disasters, whether natural and / or manmade. The psychology of emergencies is a topic of anguish public diffuse feeling of uneasiness that stems from public events traumatic, called stressors, such as traffic accidents with victims, as well as from the other extreme edge of all violence urban. Trauma is an experience that explodes the ability to support a setback, brings loss of meaning, and paralysis of body clutter temporal awareness, can leave marks that influence creativity and motivation for life. The goals in psychological first aid are to relieve symptomatic manifestations and suffering, reducing feelings of abnormality and disease. One goal is to become familiar with issues as complex and often distant from the discussions on trauma psychological, and the research problem is understanding the psychology of emergencies and how to put it into practice. The authors are more used Edgar Morin, Alfredo Moffatt, Serge Moscovici, Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault, among others. Issues are addressed in the non-reductionism, the epistemology of self and even the relationship of the Theory of Representations to EMDR (Desensitization and reprocessing through eye movements). The method this research, supported in participant observation matters relating to complex, multi-referential analysis and implication. The most used techniques were interviews, focus groups, "meaningful stories and documentary analysis. It indicated as positive attitudes to think not from something, but mainly on something and to change the mode of action becomes necessary to modify the image a person has of himself. As the survey findings revealed the following: that rugged people bring other events to be difficult with with testimony about the accident, as situations of grief and suffering with family, whereas the post-traumatic stress is not an inevitable consequence of trauma, there is no guidance, or routine tasks in the relief and SAMU official documents on the subject of psychology emergencies. Also concluding remarks are given on the topics of the Burnout on the influence the institution in the routine of care, about the relationship of clinical with social psychology.

Keywords: Emergency Treatment Postrraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Social Psychology Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

336. Melbeck, H. H. (2003, May). PSTD-Unit: Trauma therapy with in-patients – A ward concept. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Since there were only a very few specialised trauma therapists in the region in the beginning of the "PTSD-Unit", we had to treat all kinds of type-I and type-II trauma around, that is: victims of technical or natural disasters, of car accidents and accidents at work, especially the victims of bank robberies whose number has risen enormously in the area since the political change in 1989. Beside that we treated clients after they had learned the diagnosis of a life-threatening disease, for example a cancer - diagnosis, and people who were suffering from traumatic grief, because they were bereaved of their loved ones under particularly traumatic circumstances, for example after the explosion at Djerba last year.

Keywords: Poster Ward Concept

Accuracy Verified: Yes

337. Mollon, P. (2001, Summer). Psychoanalytic perspectives on accelerated information processing (EMDR). British Journal of Psychotherapy, 17(4), 448-464.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Psychoanalysis and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are, in manifest technique, utterly different. Nevertheless, both may draw upon universal and natural processes of healing the mind. EMDR appears to facilitate the processing of emotional experience and review of defensive strategies. It may do so by inducing favourable changes at a neurobiological level, involving interhemispheric communication. Comparisons may be made with Bion's analogy of the mind as a digestive organ. Although initially framed within a cognitive-behavioural paradigm, EMDR is now used by clinicians of a wide range of backgrounds, including psychoanalytic. The clinical phenomena revealed by EMDR may have some implications for certain models of the mind within contemporary psychoanalysis, particularly concerning the past unconscious and the present unconscious. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Accelerated Information Processing AIP: Emotional Experience Emotional Trauma Psychoanalysis Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

338. Mollon, P. (2001, May). Psychoanalytical perspectives in EMDR (with clinical examples)". Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Psychoanalysis and EMDR are, in manifest technique, utterly different. Nevertheless, both may draw upon universal and natural processes of healing the mind. EMDR appears to facilitate the processing of emotional experience and review of defensive strategies. It may do so by inducing favourable changes at a neurobiological level, involving interhemispheric communication. Comparisons may be made with Bion's analogy of the mind as a digestive organ. Although initially framed within a cognitive behavioural paradigm, EMDR is now used by clinicians of a wide range of backgrounds, including psychoanalytic. The clinical phenomena revealed by EMDR may have some implications for certain models of the mind within contemporary psychoanalysis, particularly concerning the past unconscious and the present unconscious.

Keywords: Psychoanalytic

Accuracy Verified: Yes

339. Ratliff, K. (2000, November 19). Psychological care explores new arena. Iowa City, IA: Iowa City Press-Citizen, 1C.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), the technique is a psychological method for treating emotional problems ranging from traumatic events such as combat stress, assaults and natural disasters, to upsetting childhood events and anxiety disorders.

Keywords: General Iowa City Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

340. Tarquinio, C., Fayard, A., & Mousel, P. (2008, June). Psychological consequences of family violence act in a small group of women victims and EMDR therapy: Preliminary results. Presentation at the 9th annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: The present study would expose first results of a study about the consequences of family violence act in a small group of women victims treated by EMDR therapy. Subjects: All of the victims underwent EMDR therapy for seven 90-minute sessions. The subjects were included in the therapeutic project for 12 months and were followed for 6 month after the end of the therapy. Procedure: The victims (n=9) were referred by different associations of victims to consult with two of the authors who took charge of all of the treatments. We have constructed a control group (n=9) with the same characteristics (age, study level,...). After the first consultation a proposal was made to the subjects to be part of a research protocol. The subjects then had to answer questions from Horowitz’s Revised Impact Event Scale (Horowitz & al., 1979) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory –STAI- (Spielberger & al. 1983). In the framework of therapeutic protocol, the subjects had to do a SUDS evaluation. These different measures were administered to all of the subjects before beginning the therapy (T1), after the seven sessions of EMDR (T2), and six months later (T3). Main results: Because of the small size of the sample and a non-normal distribution, the data were processed with nonparametric tests. We show differences between victims and non victims in the beginning of therapy. The victims have higher scores in the IES-R and STAI than the control subjects. Difference continues for the all duration of the experimentation, but the assessments after seven sessions and after six months show fewer differences. It’s important to note that the differences between the pre-test, the postest and the evaluation after six months are shown to be equally very significant, indicating a very positive effect with EMDR on the reduction of intrusive symptoms and avoidance.

Keywords: Family Violence Act

Accuracy Verified: Yes

341. Gomes, A. L., Fonseca, A. M., & Alabe, E. (2011, August). Psychology for humanity. Poster presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Poster outlines the work accomplished by the Brazilian Association of Psycholgical Humanitarian Aid Program

Keywords: Brazil Disasters Humanitarian Assistance Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

342. Rothbaum, B. (2001). Psychosocial treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. The Economics of Neuroscience: Ten, 3(10), 59-63.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Impressive advances in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been made in the past 15 years especially with respect to pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This review offers a summary of literature on psychosocial interventions for PTSD. It begins with a brief review of traditional therapies for PTSD and then examines the larger literture on the efficacy of CBTs for PTSD.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

343. Knipscheer, J. (2011, March). Psychosociale problematiek na eenmalig trauma bij migranten: De casus van een Marokkaanse man met PTSS [Psychosocial problems after a single trauma among migrants: The case of a Moroccan man with PTSS]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 159-162.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In this paper, the case and treatment of a 43-year-old Moroccan man is described who suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSS) following an accident at the workplace. In addition to his PTSS symptoms, he reported anger and embitterment. Treatment consisted of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive therapy. Attention was paid to culturally sensitive aspects of the interventions, including allowing additional time for psycho-education and explanation of the therapy rationale, optimizing homework exercises, cognitive restructuring concerning the regaining of authority, and affect regulation to endure arousal during EMDR-sessions.

Keywords: Moroccans Posttraumatic Stress Disoder PTSD Single Incident

Accuracy Verified: Yes

344. Fouya, V. (2010, Novembre). Psychotherapie - EMDR: Le pouvoir des yeux [Psychotherapy - EMDR: The power of eyes]. Le Vif/L'express, (Supplement) Extra, (46), 36.

Language: French

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Ce sont d’abord les vétérans de la guerre du Vietnam qui en ont bénéficié. Aujourd’hui, l’EMDR s’utilise pour guérir des traumatismes de toutes natures. Rien qu’en bougeant les yeux... Traumatisme. Le mot résonne avec force. Il est associé à la violence, à l’intensité, à la mémoire aussi. Le traumatisme laisse des traces, il empêche souvent de vivre. On le conçoit aisément quand il s’agit de catastrophe naturelle ou de conflit armé, mais les blessés de la vie, nous en croisons tous les jours... La perte d’un enfant, des violences sexuelles, un accident de la route, ... Comment continuer après ? Psychologue spécialisée dans les traumatismes, Evelyne Josse a appris à utiliser l’EMDR lors d’interventions humanitaires ou auprès d’enfants malades. « La psychanalyse ne fonctionne pas pour ce type d’indications. Vous pouvez revisiter votre passé à loisir et identifier les causes de vos difficultés, ce n’est pas pour autant que vous serez soulagé de vos symptômes » D’abord séduite par l’hypnose, la psychothérapeute recourt aujourd’hui également à l’EMDR - désensibilisation et retraitement par le mouvement des yeux - pour traiter les phobies, les troubles alimentaires, les acouphènes, les dépressions et les stress post- traumatiques. « Non seulement c’est efficace mais c’est aussi rapide et une fois traités, les symptômes ne reviennent plus. » Concrètement, le travail démarre par un ou deux entretiens préalables qui vont permettre au thérapeute de cerner les difficultés de son patient. Ou plutôt sa difficulté majeure car il n’est pas question ici de s’interroger ici sur le sens de l’existence.... On identifie un problème spécifique et on s’attache à le traiter. Au cours des séances, le patient doit associer une image et des sensations à son expérience négative ; pendant qu’il la revit, il suit des yeux les mouvements des doigts du thérapeute. Une manière de stimuler latéralement les hémisphères cérébraux qui permettrait de « débloquer » l’information traumatique et de la reprogrammer de manière adéquate dans le cerveau. Anne a assisté à l’assassinant de son voisin. L’image de la terrasse ensanglantée la hantait jour et nuit et elle souffrait de crampes abdominales. « Pendant les séances, dès que les mouvements oculaires commençaient, les sensations revenaient en même temps que mes crampes. Au fur et à mesure, je suis arrivée à effacer ces images insoutenables et à les remplacer par des images plus « gérables ». J’ai retrouvé le sommeil, je peux à nouveau voir du sang et je me sens suffisamment sereine. J’ai fait 6 séances en tout et pour tout.»

First come the veterans of the Vietnam War who have benefited. Today, EMDR is used to heal injuries of all kinds. Just by moving the eyes ... Trauma. The word resonates strongly. It is associated with violence, intensity, memory too. Trauma leaves its mark, it often prevents them from living. It is easy to see when it comes to natural disaster or armed conflict, but the casualties of life, we come across every day ... The loss of a child, sexual violence, a car accident, ... How to continue after that? Psychologist specializing in trauma, Evelyne Josse has learned to use EMDR during humanitarian or with sick children. "Psychoanalysis does not work for such indications. You can revisit your past at your leisure and identify the causes of your problems is not to say that you will be relieved of your symptoms "At first seduced by hypnosis, psychotherapy today also uses EMDR - desensitization and reprocessing eye movement - to treat phobias, eating disorders, tinnitus, depression and post traumatic stress. "It's not only effective but also fast and once treated, the symptoms come back. " Specifically, the work starts with one or two prior interviews that will allow the therapist to identify the difficulties of his patient. Or rather the major problem because it is not about to question here on the meaning of life .... We identify a specific problem and is working to address it. During the sessions, the patient must attach an image and feeling to his negative experience, as he saw her, his eyes follow the movements of the fingers of the therapist. One way of stimulating the cerebral hemispheres laterally that would "unlock" the traumatic information and reprogram adequately in the brain. Anne attended the killing of his neighbor. The image of the terrace bloody haunted her day and night and she suffered from abdominal cramps. "During the meeting, that the eye movements began, the feeling came back together my cramps. As in, I got to clear these unbearable images and replace them with images more "manageable." I found the sleep, I can again see blood and I feel calm enough. I made six sessions in all and for all. "

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

345. Plassmann, R. (2007, November). Psychotherapie traumatisierter patienten: Die arbeit mit der bipolaren EMDR-technik [Psychotherapy of traumatized patients: Working with bipolar technique EMDR]. Trauma und Gewalt, 1(4), 312-321.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Der Artikel beschreibt die Geschichte der modernen Trauma-Therapie seit 1989 und die Entwicklung von der EMDR-Standardprotokoll, um bipolare EMDR. Die letztere Technik wird mit Bezug auf eine Fallgeschichte demonstriert. Im letzten Abschnitt schließlich erweitert die Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten zwischen dem psychoanalytischen Modell von Krankheit und Therapie und ihre therapeutischen Trauma-Pendant. Besonderer Hinweis auf die Art und Weise emotionale Aspekte des Umgangs mit ihnen und den Status der psychosomatischen Symptomen aus. [Abstract Autor]

The article describes the history of modern trauma therapy since 1989 and the development from the EMDR Standard Protocol to bipolar EMDR. The latter technique is demonstrated with reference to a case history. The closing section enlarges on the differences and similarities between the psychoanalytic model of illness and therapy and its trauma-therapeutic counterpart. Special reference is made to the way emotional aspects are dealt with and the status of psychosomatic symptoms. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Bipolar Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

346. Zhao, Dong-Mei (2009, March). Psychotherapy models and theories of mental trauma. Journal of South China Normal University (Social Science Edition).

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Mental trauma refers to mental damnification made by some direct extra force(living event)or strong emotion hurt, especially the strong affective reaction induced by natural and man-made disasters related to these living events.The assessment of trauma, at present,just uses questionnaire or scale, like Traumatic Stress Schedule, Traumatic Events Questionnaire, etc. This article introduces some psychotherapy models and theories about trauma, such as dynamic psychology psychotherapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR),integration and development treatment model, virtual reality technique,as well as drawing therapy, dancing therapy, reading and creating therapy.

Keywords: Mental Trauma Virtual Reality Technique

Accuracy Verified: Yes

347. St-André, E. (2007, June). PTSD secondary to Fournier's grangrene: 1-Comparison of two eye modalities, 2-Legal and ethical issues. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
G. G., a man in his mid 30s was brought to medico-legal service to assess fitness to stand trial, and criminal responsibility, after a brief appearance in court: He was charged with death threats.
G. G. was quite angry about his situation, and argumentative against health and justice systems. Physically, he was short stature, extremely lean, his body was leaning forward.
He was living alone, has a girl of thirteen, which he saw once in a while.
He was not working for few years, after two major events; he lost his garage after a huge fire (from which he escaped alive and safe), and was few months earlier, found almost dead by a neighbor. Brought to the hospital, he had more than ten surgeries in a few days, to lance many wound, as he as suffering of Fournier’s disease. He was left with his body leaning forward about 45 degrees, 4 cm thick scar around his abdomen, a severely deformed genitalia, and chronic pain. Another surgery was performed later which permitted the man to be less leaned forward.
Before those events, he wasn’t known from psychiatry. He had a life that he considered, “okay,” even though he was separated. He has his own garage, a social life. He admitted some alcohol and drugs use in the past. After the illness and the fire, he was seen more often in psychiatry. Specialists concluded from time to time to chronic adjustment disorder, and drug addiction, and oriented him to resources for his problem. No follow-up in psychiatry.
G. G. was so much in pain that he took cocaine repeatedly for few minutes’ relief.
With this story and symptoms description, severe PTSD diagnosis was made and treatment initiated accordingly, with introduction of ISRS, and later, seroquel, to decrease dissociative episode he was still experimenting. With informed consent, we had three sessions of EMI, which helped him in various ways; The nightmares decreased of 50%, after the first treatment, he was less angry and afraid of hospital and care, and was more in control of dissociative episodes. Sleep improved, so did his mood. He was eve able to go for correction of his deformed genitalia. Even though still on medication, he felt that the therapy helped him much to recover. After his discharge and end of court process, he was able to go back home. We were at the time unable to do more treatments, as he was involved in his physical rehabilitation. He had at least 2 other reconstructive surgeries.
This case allows discussion about similarities, pros and cons of EMI and EMDR, in their theories and practice. More importantly, this case raises important ethical and legal questions about adequate diagnosis and treatment of PTSF which include powerful tools as EMDR. This tool is yet relatively unknown from general population, and available mainly (in Quebec, Canada) through private facilities. From ethical standpoint, it should be more readily available – without fees – in public services.

Keywords: Case Report Ethical Issues Fournier's Gangrene Legal Issues

Accuracy Verified: Yes

348. Pagani, M., Nardo, D., Flumeri, F., Salmaso. D., Looi, J., Sanchez-Crespo, A., Larsson, S. A., Sundin, Ö., Hogberg, G., Bejerot, S. (2009, January). PW04-01 Volumetric changes in PTSD and in a subgroup of PTSD patients not responding to EMDR psychotherapy. European Psychiatry, 24(Supplement 1), S355. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(09)70588-7.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
(1)Background: Several studies have reported limbic structures volume decrease in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, in PTSD the effect of therapy on brain structures has seldom been investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the grey matter (GM) loss in occupational related PTSD and to assess the volumetric differences between patients responding (R) and non-responding (NR) to psychotherapy. (2)Methods: Pre-EMDR MRI data of 21 train drives who did develop PTSD (S) and 22 who did not develop PTSD (NS) after person-under-the-train accidents were compared. Within S further comparisons were made between 10 R to Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and 5 NR. Data were analysed by optimised voxel-based morphometry as implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping. (3)Results: As compared to NS, S showed a significant GM volume reduction in precuneus, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. The R>NR comparison highlighted a significant GM reduction in NR in bilateral posterior cingulate, left middle frontal cortex and right parahippocampal, insular and temporal cortices. (4)Conclusions: Comparing two large groups of subjects significant GM volumetric reductions were found in PTSD in posterior limbic structures. NR showed, as compared to R, volume reduction in cortical structures including posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. These latter two structures seem to be the hallmark for both PTSD diagnosis and therapy outcome prediction.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

349. van der Gaag, M., van der Vleugel, B., van den Berg, D., de Bont, P., de Jongh, A., & van Minnen, A. (2011, August-September). A randomized multicentered trial of trauma focused treatment of psychotic patients with PTSD in the Netherlands; design and research questions. In Treating PTSD in patients with psychotic disorders. Symposium conducted at the 41st EABCT Annual Congress, Reykjavík, Iceland .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objectives: The prevalence of postraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in severe mental illness varies from 10 to 60% is the published literature. Probably between 10 to 20% of lifetime psychotic patients, also meet the criteria for having a PTSD. There is not much evidence for the efficacy and safeness of treatment in patients with a lifetime psychotic disorder who also meet the criteria for PTSD. Some pilot studies show promising results. Method: A study is designed to investigate whether treatment of PTSD is effective and safe in a group of people with a psychotic disorder? A multi-site randomised clinical trial with 80 patients Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) versus 80 patients Prolonged Exposure (PEx) versus 80 patients Treatment as Usual/Waiting list (TAU) is now being performed to answer these research questions. The outcome measures in this study are: Primary: Posttraumatic stress disorder (diagnose and severity) Secundary: psychosis, depression, adverse events. Moderators en mediators of treatment success. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed and expressed in Euro per gained Quality Adjusted Life Years. If no effectivity can be demonstrated, a costminimalisation calculation will be made. Results: Therapist have been trained in EMDR and in PEx during eight days. Therapies are closely supervised an monitored during the study. Fidelity measures are collected from a rond sample of sessions. Conclusions and Discussion: Pilots have been promising in showing effective treatment for PTSD without any adverse events or worsening of the condition in psychotic patients with a chronic course. If this study can demonstrate effectivesness and safety, this can change the treatment for many patients with severe mental illness and reduce suffering from symptoms of PTSD and probably also the burden of psychotic symptoms can be reduced in a subsample of the patients.

Keywords: Netherlands Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotic Disorders Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

350. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2009). The recent-traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP): An integrative protocol for early EMDR intervention (EEI). In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 251-269). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The question of how early to intervene with EMDR in the face of natural and manmade disasters has been an important part of the dialogue of those working in this field. Early EMDR intervention, before consolidation of the memory has taken place, may influence adaptive integration (e.g., process sticking points), promote positive coping (especially if this is not occurring spontaneously), and contribute to the development of resilience. Informed by the work of Francine Shapiro, Roger Solomon, and all of the friends and colleagues in the field who have contributed to the evolution of their thinking and practice and following clinical and empirical experience with early EMDR intervention (EEI) in the wake of the 2006 Lebanon war, the authors have observed that the existing EEI protocols appear to focus on certain aspects or parts of the traumatic episode along an approximate time line continuum following a trauma, in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (APA, 2000). They concluded that the unfinished processing of recent traumatic events may require a broader focus than existing EEI protocols provided. They propose a new protocol called the Recent- Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP), which incorporates and extends the existing EEI protocols by providing a new comprehensive, integrative protocol. The R-TEP thus bridges the gaps left by previous protocols and facilitates a transition from the EMD and RE protocols to the Standard EMDR Protocol. The R-TEP takes the wisdom of the Standard EMDR Protocol (Shapiro, 1995, 2001), and applies it in adapted form for recent events to provide a comprehensive approach to Early EMDR Intervention. After describing the main issues in early EMDR intervention, the authors present the Recent-Traumatic Episode Protocol and the Episode Narrative and Initial Goodle Search Script. The EMD Protocol for R-TEP Script adapted from the EMD Protocol by Shapiro (1995) is also presented, as is the Standard EMDR Protocol Script (Adapted from the Standard EMDR Protocol for R-TEP, Shapiro, 2001). [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: Early EMDR Intervention EEI Protocol Recent Events Recent Traumatic Episode R-TEP

Accuracy Verified: Yes

351. Ramos-Ruggiero, L., & Sondergaard, H. P. (2008, April). Recovered traumatic memories through eye movements? A Case presentation from Sweden. Presentation at the 1st B-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This is a case presentation regarding the treatment of a severely traumatized woman formerly treated for depression and PTSD following incarceration in prison, “disappearance” of husband, and torture. After psychotherapy for several years, the patient improved and started to work in a qualified job. After some years, however, the patient returns because she has a feeling that the therapy was unfinished, and because of remaining psychosomatic symptoms, difficulties breathing, obesity, overeating, and recurrent urinary tract infections. The therapist then decided to try the resource installation protocol. However, in an impulse, he asked her to concentrate on her bodily sensations. Several video-recorded sequences illustrate how the patient, seemingly for the first time in her life, discovered and re-experienced childhood trauma. It seems that the eye movements during attempts at EMDR treatment made it possible to lift repression and dissociation as well as to make processing possible, thus liberating the patient from a heavy burden of mental and psychosomatic symptoms. At follow-up by the second author, the patient is entirely asymptomatic, with low DES scores and is no longer obese.
Learning objectives: 1. Somatoform symptoms as a bridge to dissociated traumatic childhood experiences 2. How dissociation might lift during treatment 3. Recent research findings regarding the effect of eye movements on episodic memory. 26

Keywords: Eye Movements Sweden

Accuracy Verified: Yes

352. Goldstein, M. (2012, December 5). Reflections on getting shot. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-goldstein/reflections-on-getting-shot_b_2215910.html 12/10/2012.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
I wasn't unscathed. My energy was sapped for weeks. I went to a followup medical appointment, then had to rest in my car for an hour, then got some breakfast, then rested again before driving home. A therapist specializing in EMDR for trauma helped me release the greater part of what I was holding. (Susan needed as many sessions as I did.) For awhile, when I was dancing again, crashing drumbeats would send me cowering in tears. Even now, an unexpected expression used in conversation by someone else ("It's not like someone put a gun to you and made you do it") often produces a visible jolt in my body and a short-lived but intense emotional shock.

Keywords: Blog, Shooting

Accuracy Verified: Yes

353. Maxfield, L., & Hyer, L. (2002, January). The relationship between efficacy and methodology in studies investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 23-41. doi:10.1002/jclp.1127.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The controlled treatment outcome studies that examined the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of PTSD have yielded a range of results, with the efficacy of EMDR varying across studies. The current study sought to determine if differences in outcome were related to methodological differences. The research was reviewed to identify methodological strengths, weaknesses, and empirical findings. The relationships between effect size and methodology ratings were examined, using the Gold Standard (GS) Scale (adapted from Foa and Meadows). Results indicated a significant relationship between scores on the GS Scale and effect size, with more rigorous studies according to the GS Scale reporting larger effect sizes. There was also a significant correlation between effect size and treatment fidelity. Additional methodological components not detected by the GS Scale were identified, and suggestions were made for a Revised GS Scale. We conclude by noting that methodological rigor removes noise and thereby decreases error measurement, allowing for the more accurate detection of true treatment effects in EMDR studies (Pilots).

Keywords: Literature Review Meta Analysis Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

354. Holmshaw, M., Hodder, K. I., & Carswell, J. W. (2009, April). The relative efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and EMDR in treating psychological trauma resulting from road traffic accidents. Presentation at the annual British Psychological Society Conference, Brighton, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objectives: Following road traffic accidents (RTAs) psychological problems are common and can cause long-term disability. Whilst both trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have proved successful in treating such problems there is currently no clear evidence supporting one treatment over the other. Previous comparisons of these treatments have been based on small samples. The present research aimed to explore the relative efficacy of CBT and EMDR in treating psychological trauma resulting from RTAs in a large sample. Design: Patients who had previously been involved in an RTA were referred to a psychological rehabilitation provider and received treatment with either CBT or EMDR by accredited therapists. The treatments were compared on drop-out rate number of sessions required for completion of treatment therapist rating of success and a number of widely used psychometric measures which were administered at assessment and again at the end of treatment. Methods: A total of 1179 referrals were made of which 435 met the inclusion criteria and proceeded to treatment. These patients presented with a range of psychological trauma symptoms resulting from RTAs which had occurred an average of 21 months previously. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was diagnosed in 51 per cent of patients with the remaining patients presenting with travel anxiety depression general anxiety and other psychological conditions. Outcomes were assessed in the whole sample and separately for those with a diagnosis of PTSD. Results: No differences emerged between the treatments on any outcome measure both for patients diagnosed with PTSD and for those with other trauma-related symptoms. Both CBT and EMDR resulted in large improvements in self-rated symptoms as assessed using the psychometric measures and in both groups over 80 per cent of cases were rated by the therapist as successful or having made good progress by the end of treatment. The CBT group required an average of 9.1 sessions and the EMDR group required an average of 9.9 sessions. Reliable change indices showed that over 80 per cent of patients made clinically significant improvements in both treatment groups. Conclusions: In conclusion both CBT and EMDR proved to be effective treatments for psychological trauma resulting from RTAs but no differences emerged between them in terms of efficacy patient compliance and number of sessions required. Psychological trauma following RTAs is eminently treatable in the community when treatment is offered by trained CBT or EMDR therapists.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Road Traffic Accidents

Accuracy Verified: Yes

355. Marquis, J. (1991, September). A report on seventy-eight cases treated by eye movement desensitization. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 22(3), 187-192. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(91)90015-W, .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article reports the author's experience with 78 cases treated with eye movement desensitization. Mean improvement on 530 disturbing themes was 1.85 on a 0-3 point scale. Most diagnostic groups scored 2.0 or better. Treatment was most effective with past trauma and least with generalized negative themes and cravings, helping only a little in the worst areas. Suggestions are made for more rigorous studies. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Disorders PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

356. Grace, D. (1997, March 21). Repressed memory evidence in sexual cases — A legal perspective. Addres presented at a meeting of the Medico-Legal Society of Victoria at the Melbourne Club, The Proceedings of the Medico-Legal Society of Victoria, 123-139.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
This paper will examine a number of recent sexual cases that have come before the criminal courts in Australia in which the use of recovered memory evidence has been a feature . The issues that have arisen will be highlighted and suggestions made as to how to best test the veracity or reliability of such evidence.

Keywords: Repressed Memory Legal Cases Evidence Court Trials

Accuracy Verified: Yes

357. Iracane-Blanco, M. (2010, June). Research to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of an EMDR treatment versus debriefing for victims of workplace accidents. In Research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of an EMDR treatment set-up (R-TEP protocol) within an early healthcare scheme for victims of workplace accidents, while taking into consideration such variables as institutional recognition and the availability of psychological debriefing services (inspired by Mitchell's model). The research procedure consists of first creating a program including referenced organisations (businesses, police force, hospitals...) from different French regions. Efforts will be made to raise resource people's (management, occupational health staff) awareness of PTSD prevention and of the role played by institutional recognition in the psychological recovery process. A regional network of EMDR therapists trained in debriefing (will be set up to work in partnership with the healthcare network for first line interventions following workplace accidents involving one or several workers. Participants will be recruited within these organisations. They the will all have been confronted with a single critical incident at work (accidental bodily harm of physical origin, physical aggression...) and meet DSM-IV Acute Stress Disorder criteria at the time of the therapy session. The research program will test, evaluate, and compare the effectiveness of a single therapeutic intervention taking place between Day 0 and Day 8 after exposure to a workplace accident BS do for 2 groups of 20 workers (men and women) who present the clinical signs of acute stress disorder. G1: control group - no access or refusal of care to be. G2: group with a debriefing session. G3: group with an EMDR session. In order to evaluate treatment effects on health and adaptive behavior in workers, participants will complete standardized self-evaluation scales (IESR PCLS Hamilton) before and after treatment. Another questionnaire will be completed by the therapists. Expected results: Significant decrease of symptoms and improvement of scores on measures after a single EMDR session. Greater effectiveness of EMDR compared to psychological debriefing. Eye Learning objectives: Participants will learn the advantages of promoting early interventions for victims of workplace accidents with the adapted EMDR protocol in order to prevent incapacitating PTSD and to facilitate an early return to autonomy for the worker. EMDR therapists will have a raised awareness of public health prevention initiatives, combining training and information within social and professional networks and occupational health services.

Keywords: Debriefing Research, Symposium Workplace Accidents

Accuracy Verified: Yes

358. Laub, B. (2009). Resource connection envelope (RCE) in the EMDR standard protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 93-99). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The Resource Connection Envelope (RCE) derives from the assumption that the dialectical healing movement between negative stored memories or problems and positive stored memories or resources is crucial for adaptive processing. The dialectical movement is enhanced when the dialectical poles are made more accessible. The Assessment Phase in the Standard EMDR Protocol makes the problem, which is represented by the traumatic image or picture, more accessible for processing. The RCE aims to complement it by making the resource pole accessible as well. The Resource Connection Script: Past, Present, and Future is provided. [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: RCE Resource Connection Envelope

Accuracy Verified: Yes

359. Forgash, C. A. (2003, May). Responding to massive trauma: An integrated EMDR/Ego state approach for treating survivors of earlier trauma. In Treatment of survivors of mass disasters. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Ego State Approach Mass Disasters Survivors Symposium Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

360. Veerbeek, H. (2012, June). Revenge fantasy and revengefulness [Fantasía de venganza y plenitud de venganza]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this workshop the focus will be on the EMDR treatment of problems concerning aggression and revenge as a result of damaging experiences in the past. First of all, the pitfalls in the therapeutic relation, which could obstruct the trauma oriented treatment of aggression and revenge will be dealt with. An important question is when to choose for cognitive behavioral therapy techniques such as Anger Replacement Treatment and when EMDR treatment can be expected to be more effective, in treating aggression and revenge. A model introduced by Ogden will be presented to clarify this. It is essential that the aggressive client will be taught first how to be able to diminish the sometimes dangerous arousal, using the so-‐called safe place. Only then we can get started with processing the traumatic experiences and/or revenge fantasies. Video recordings will illustrate all this. After explaining the origin of revenge fantasies and revengefulness, extensive video footage will show how this can be treated effectively by means of an adjusted EMDR protocol. A plea will be made for paying more attention to and also treating the externalizing side (anger and revenge) of PTSD and in the case of treating aggression, to concentrate more on revenge and its traumatic origin.

En este taller nos centramos en los problemas referentes al tratamiento EMDR en la agresión y la venganza como resultado de experiencias dañinas en el pasado. En primer lugar, las dificultades en la relación terapéutica pueden obstruir el tratamiento orientado al trauma de la agresión y la venganza, y habrá que lidiar con ello. Una cuestión importante es la elección de las técnicas cognitivo conductuales como el tratamiento de remplazo de la ira, y donde el tratamiento EMDR espera ser más efectivo en el tratamiento de la agresión y la venganza. Un modelo introductorio de Ogden será presentado para aclarar esto. Es esencial que en el cliente agresivo se enseñe primero como ser capaz de bloquear la respuesta peligrosa, usando el también llamado lugar seguro. Solo entonces puede empezarse con el procesamiento de experiencias traumáticas o fantasías de venganza. Todo esto será mostrado mediante videos grabados. Después de explicar el origen de las fantasías de venganza y la venganza propiamente dicha, una filmación de video extensivo mostrará como esto puede ser tratado de manera efectiva, lo que supone un ajuste en el protocolo estándar del EMDR Se rogará una mayor atención para tratar el lado externalizador (ira y venganza) del síndrome de estrés post-‐traumático y en el caso de tratam

Keywords: Revenge Fantasy Revengefulness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

361. Smyth, N. (2003, August). Role of exposure in EMDR treatment of PTSD. Presentation at 111th the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A standard treatment for anxiety disorders involves exposing clients to anxiety eliciting stimuli. Some theorists have argued that exposure is an essential element in the successful treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are two therapeutic approaches that have been identified as efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. It has been proposed that exposure is the active element in all effective treatments for PTSD, including EMDR. This presentation will address various issues that should be considered in evaluating this proposal. Theories underlying exposure therapies will be summarized and differences between process and mechanism will be discussed. Brief overviews of EMDR and exposure therapies will be provided. Video clips of treatment sessions with exposure therapy and with EMDR will be shown, to illustrate the differences in treatment approaches, clinical focus, and client experience. Shared and unique components will be identified. The use of exposure in EMDR and its possible contribution to treatment outcome will be examined. Unlike prolonged exposure therapy, EMDR uses extremely brief repeated exposures (i.e., 20-50 seconds). Instead of continual and uninterrupted exposure, EMDR repeatedly interrupts the client's focus. Exposure therapy typically maintains a focus on the targeted incident, while EMDR uses a free association process to elicit other related material. Research has shown that high levels of anxiety during sessions of exposure therapy typically predict good outcome with that modality; however in successful EMDR treatment, the client's distress is substantially reduced during the session. Suggestions will be made for future research to identify and investigate mechanisms of action in exposure therapy and EMDR.

Keywords: Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Outcomes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

362. Devilly, G. J. (2011, July). The role of imagery rehearsal with and without eye movements in the creation of false memories. Psychology, Crime and Law, 17(6), 529-543. doi:10.1080/10683160903397524.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study explored differences in recall accuracy following experimental manipulations of two elements specific to two common approaches to trauma treatment – inducing saccadic eye movements during imagery rehearsal (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; EMDR) and imagery rehearsal without eye movements (Imaginal Exposure; IE). The study also looked into whether outcome was related to high suggestibility and distress characteristics. The sample consisted of 48 non-clinical adult participants. The results found no significant difference in false recalls between EMDR and IE. While the EMDR group did make more false recognitions, they also made more correct recalls than the IE group. In effect, those in the EMDR group appear to make more true recalls and more false recollections than those in the IE group.Irrespective of treatment condition, fewer positive words were recalled and recognized than neutral and trauma words. As well as all subjects displaying no avoidant encoding style for trauma words overall, we also noted no avoidant encoding style as a function of trauma history or treatment condition. Our results argue against the avoidant encoding hypothesis for those with a history of trauma and also suggest a lowered response criterion following EMDR.; (AN 25481115)

Keywords: Absorption CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Dissociation Exposure False Memory Imagery Rehearsal

Accuracy Verified: Yes

363. Wernik, U. (1993). The role of the traumatic component in the etiology of sexual dysfunctions and its treatment with eye movement desensitization procedure. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 19(3), 212-222.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This is the first field report of the application of the Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure to the treatment of sexual dysfunctions. EMD and its application are described using case illustrations.When a careful examination of clients is made, it is often discovered that the very inception of the dysfunction becomes traumatic. In the relevant sex therapy literature, the role of trauma in the etiology of sexual dysfunctions is largely underestimated. Clinical experience suggests that EMD is an effective economic and safe technique, which combines easily with other sex therapy measures. It is an option to be considered when other techniques fail, and is especially suitable for clients without partners. The assessment as to whether or not to use EMD is, in and of itself, therapeutically beneficial. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Etiology Israelis Males Posttraumtatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sexual Dysfunctions Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

364. Wernick, U. (1993). The role of the traumatic component in the etiology of sexual dysfunctions and its treatment with eye movement desensitization procedure. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 19(3), 212-222.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This is the 1st field report of the application of the Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure to the treatment of sexual dysfunctions. EMD and its application are described using 2 case illustrations. When a careful examination of clients is made, it is often discovered that the very inception of the dysfunction becomes traumatic. In the relevant sex therapy literature, the role of trauma in the etiology of sexual dysfunctions is largely underestimated. Clinical experience suggests that EMD is an effective, economic, and safe technique, which combines easily with other sex therapy measures. It is an option to be considered when other techniques fail, and is especially suitable for clients without partners. The assessment as to whether or not to use EMD is, in and of itself, therapeutically beneficial. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Sexual Dysfunctions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

365. Dworkin, M., & Errebo, N. (2010). Rupture and repair in the EMDR client/clinician relationship: Now moments and moments of meeting. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(3), 113-123. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.3.113.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article proposes that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) would be strengthened by being conceptualized as a two-person therapy; that is, a therapy that employs dialogue between clinician and client about the resonance, attunement, and intention of their relationship. Current research on the mirror neuron system provides a hypothetical neurological underpinning to this proposal. Detailed clinical examples illustrate rupture (Now Moments) and subsequent repair (Moments of Meeting) of the therapeutic relationship in the Eight Phases of EMDR. The high potential for relationship rupture during EMDR therapy is discussed. Suggestions are made for improving EMDR practice, training, and consultation by attending to the intersubjective experience between client and clinician, especially when working with clients who have experienced repeated and pervasive disappointments in love and work.

Keywords: Integrative Therapy Now Moments Moments of Meeting Therapeutic Relationship

Accuracy Verified: Yes

366. Dworkin, M., & Errebo, N. (2011). Rupture et réparation dans la relation patient/thérapeute EMDR: Moments urgents et moments de rencontre [Rupture and repair in the EMDR client/clinician relationship: Now moments and moments of meeting]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), E74-E85. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.E74.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cet article avance l’idée qu’il serait avantageux de conceptualiser l’EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) comme une thérapie à deux personnes, c’est-à-dire une thérapie qui emploie le dialogue entre le thérapeute et le patient autour de la résonance, de l’accordage mutuel et de l’objectif de leur relation. Les recherches en cours sur le système des neurones-miroirs fournissent une possible base neurologique à cette proposition. Des exemples cliniques détaillés illustrent la rupture (moments urgents) et la réparation subséquente (moments de rencontre) de la relation thérapeutique au cours des huit phases EMDR. Nous exposons le risque élevé de rupture de la relation au cours de la thérapie EMDR. Nous faisons des propositions pour améliorer la pratique, la formation et les consultations d’EMDR en prêtant attention à l’expérience intersubjective entre le patient et le thérapeute, en particulier dans le travail avec des patients qui ont vécu des déceptions répétées et généralisées dans leurs relations amoureuses ou professionnelles.

This article proposes that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) would be strengthened by being conceptualized as a two-person therapy; that is, a therapy that employs dialogue between clinician and client about the resonance, attunement, and intention of their relationship. Current research on the mirror neuron system provides a hypothetical neurological underpinning to this proposal. Detailed clinical examples illustrate rupture (Now Moments) and subsequent repair (Moments of Meeting) of the therapeutic relationship in the Eight Phases of EMDR. The high potential for relationship rupture during EMDR therapy is discussed. Suggestions are made for improving EMDR practice, training, and consultation by attending to the intersubjective experience between client and clinician, especially when working with clients who have experienced repeated and pervasive disappointments in love and work.

Keywords: Integrative Therapy Now Moments Moments of Meeting Therapeutic Relationship

Accuracy Verified: Yes

367. Direzkia, Y., & Syahriati, E. (2010, July). Safe place: An ambilvance?. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Conflict and tsunami events have left behind many traumatic experiences in people of Aceh. Many people in Aceh have lost their families, children after the tsunami are still experiencing separation anxiety, and many children have lost motivation to study, learn or play. Children are forced by circumstances to survive like an adult, whilst they still need protection and aegis of the parent. This leads to consequences like irritability, impulsivity and somatic symptoms. The treatment conducted by the practitioner especially for the children were the safe-place, resource activation and the protocol of EMDR. The safe-place technique is one of the most frequent techniques used for children. The safe-place technique is something like a gate to get into the children’s experience through the Tsunami or conflict events. Some of the children in orphanages who were treated by EMDR, specifically using the safe-place technique showed interesting findings. Some clients described the sea as a safe-place. This becomes an interesting experience because it is well known that the sea was a trigger for traumatic experiences related to the tsunami. However, it turns out that with children, the sea was also a source of power and made them feel safe. This would raises some questions in our mind, whether the phenomenon is an ambivalence, or is there something related to the culture or belief that the children have through their own life? It seems like an ambivalence, since on one hand the children suffered a disaster directly related to the sea (tsunami) and on the other hand they think that the sea is an integral part of their lives

Keywords: Safe Place

Accuracy Verified: Yes

368. Simonson, E. L. (2009). School-based intervention programs for symptoms of traumatic stress. Universitetet i Stavenger, Stavenger, Norway.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This thesis attempts to provide an up-to-date overview of school-based intervention programs for symptoms of traumatic stress. The objectives were: 1) to identify school-based intervention programs for preventing or reducing symptoms of traumatic stress, 2) to examine the effectiveness of the intervention programs, and 3) to identify the accordance of the intervention programs with three current theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The three main academic databases used to locate the studies for this thesis were ERIC, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. Inclusionary/exclusionary criteria included: 1) use of a control group, 2) use of randomized/quasi-experimental design, 3) school setting, 4) participant exposure to a traumatic event, 5) targeted at the prevention/ reduction of symptoms of traumatic stress, 6) use of standardized instruments, and 7) not targeted Type II trauma. Using these criteria, 19 studies conducted in 11 different countries were selected. Unfortunately, school-based studies conducted in Norway were not located. The selected studies dealt with various types of trauma exposure such as natural disasters, community violence, and war. Fourteen of the studies used cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) methods as the main treatment approach. Other treatment approaches used included Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), mind-body techniques (e.g., guided imagery, relaxation techniques, and meditation), play therapy, art therapy, and drama. The findings of this thesis suggest that intervention provided within the school setting can be effective in helping children and adolescents following a variety of traumatic events. The majority of the studies had good results in relation to reducing symptoms of PTSD. Of the 19 studies, 14 had effect sizes in the medium to large range. Most of the intervention programs were found to be in accordance with the treatment recommendations of the three theories presented; however, none appeared to be explicitly based on the theories.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD School Intervention Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

369. Lanius, U. (2012, October). Science & practice: Attachment, dissociation and EMDR. Presentation at the 29th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Long Beach, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a powerful integrative psychotherapeutic intervention. However, in the case of disrupted attachment and significant dissociative symptoms EMDR can be destabilizing if used early on in treatment. That is, fragmentation of self and dissociative symptoms commonly interfere with information processing, thus barring the integration and resolution of the traumatic experience through EMDR. Dissociation interferes with clients sense of their own body, their ability to experience emotion, their capacity for emotional regulation and their sense of self. Addressing dissociative symptoms prior to proceeding with EMDR treatment is essential for positive treatment outcomes. A neurobiological model is described that guides therapeutic interventions and integrates diverse approaches that include not only EMDR and relevant target selection, but also mindfulness, body therapy approaches, ego-state interventions, sensory integration, as well as neurobiologically based interventions. Such interventions can be used both in the preparation phase but can also form useful interweaves during EMDR information processing. Using a neurobiologically informed approach, the case is made for the use of somatic and ego-state interventions when dissociation is a signiﬁcant part of the clinical presentation. Specific focus is on different ego-state and body therapy interventions to increase awareness of the self and ones body. Body therapy and somatic interventions are distinguished from other psychotherapeutic interventions in that they are expressed in markedly slowed-down time, in order to give clients ample time to experience the felt sense of their bodies. Similarly ego-state work can be utilized to titrate information processing, as well as provide clients with internal resources that aid in enhanced information processing. Attendees will gain knowledge about possible underlying neurobiological processes with regard to attachment, dissociation and adaptive information processing and how this relates to EMDR treatment. The workshop will teach specific interventions intended to stabilize clients, create safety, help the client stay connected or get reconnected and therefore minimize dissociative symptoms and their effect. Participants will learn how to effectively integrate different somatic and ego-state interventions in the treatment of attachment and trauma related syndromes and dissociative disorders, as well as how to enhance information processing during the EMDR treatment. The workshop also will discuss innovative use of opioid antagonists in the treatment of dissociative symptoms with a particular focus on EMDR.

Learning Objectives: Attendees will gain knowledge about possible underlying neurobiological processes with regard to attachment, dissociation and adaptive information processing and how this relates to EMDR treatment. Participants will learn how to effectively integrate different somatic and ego-state interventions in the treatment of attachment and trauma related syndromes and dissociative disorders, as well as how to enhance information processing during the EMDR treatment. The workshop will teach specific interventions intended to stabilize clients, create safety, help the client stay connected or get reconnected and therefore minimize dissociative symptoms and their effect.

Keywords: Attachment Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

370. Sorensen, S. (2007). Seelische selbstheilungskraft ganzheitliche EMDR-selbsttherapie und individuierende selbstanalyse [Mental self-healing: Holistic self-therapy and EMDR individuating self] . Norderstedt: Books on Demand GmbH .

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Seelische Selbstheilungskraft - Ganzheitliche EMDR-Selbstherapie und individuierende Selbstanalyse. In dem 700 Seiten umfassenden Werk inklusive umfangreichen Nachschlageverzeichnissen beschreibt Sofia Sörensen ihre Selbstheilung von einer ausgeprägten posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung, die ihr Leben 53 Jahre lang nach einem Mordanschlag und schwerem Mobbing in der Kindheit geprägt hat. Die Störungen bestanden in hoher Empfindlichkeit, Hypervigilanz, zuweilen Panikstörungen, Phobien, teils suchtartigen Verhaltensweisen mit Kaufrausch und Zwängen, Alpträumen, Gedankenkreisen, teilweise schweren psychosomatischen Krämpfen, Angina pectoris, Stimmritzenkrämpfen, hoher Infektanfälligkeit und vor allem unter neuen Traumatisierungen und Frust auch in allgemein gestörtem sozialen Verhalten. Kompensation und Dekompensation bestimmten ihr Kräfte aufreibendes Leben. Sofia Sörensen hat sich schließlich selbst geheilt, indem sie sich intensiv sachkundig gemacht hat, ihre seelischen Selbstheilungskräfte nicht mehr durch Ängste und vorgefasste Ansichten blockierte sondern durch eine mehrdimensionale, ganzheitliche Selbsttherapie unter Einbeziehung von EMDR freigelegt hat. Selbsttherapie ist letztendlich auf die immer vorhandene Selbstheilungskraft zurückzuführen. Diese schreibt die Autorin der Schöpfungskraft und damit dem Schöpfer selbst zu. Das Buch ist zugleich Erfahrungsbericht, Biografie und Sachbuch.

Mental self-healing-Holistic EMDR Selbstherapie and individuating self. In the 700 page work, including extensive Nachschlageverzeichnissen Sofia Sorensen describes their self-healing from a severe post-traumatic stress disorder, which has shaped their lives 53 years after an assassination attempt and severe bullying in childhood. The disturbances were in high sensitivity, hypervigilance, and sometimes panic disorders, phobias, sometimes addictive behaviors with a spending spree and constraints, nightmares, thoughts circles, some severe psychosomatic cramps, angina pectoris, glottic spasm, high susceptibility to infection and especially under the new trauma and frustration in general degraded social behavior. Compensation and decompensation certain forces exhausting their life. Sofia Sorensen has finally cured himself, has made intense by competent, their psychological self-healing by no more fears and preconceived views blocked but has uncovered a multidimensional and holistic self-therapy, involving EMDR. Self-therapy is ultimately due to the ever-present self-healing power. This writes the author of the power of creation and thus to the Creator himself. The book is also a field report, biography and nonfiction. //www.emdr-selbsttherapie.de//

Keywords: Holistic Healing Individuation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

371. Sorensen, S. (2007). Seelische selbstheilungskraft ganzheitliche EMDR - Selbsttherapie und individuierende selbstanalyse [Mental self healing power: Holistic EMDR self therapy and individual self-analysis]. Norderstedt Books on Demand GmbH.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Erfahrungsbericht einer Selbsttherapie an Leib und Seele, Biografie und Sachbuch. Sofia Sörensen hat sich während ihres turbulenten Lebens selbst sachkundig gemacht und mutig unter multidimensionaler Psychotherapie mit EMDR, Verhaltenstherapie, Psychoanalyse und anderem selbständig erfolgreich behandelt. In der Wagneroper Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg fragt Walther von Stolzing: "Wie fang' ich nach der Regel an?" Und Hans Sachs antwortet ihm: "Ihr stellt sie selbst und folgt ihr dann." Der eigene Leitsatz von Sofia Sörensen lautet: "Irren kann ich mich auch selbst. Dafür benötige ich keinen Therapeuten mehr."Erfahrungsbericht einer Selbsttherapie an Leib und Seele, Biografie und Sachbuch. Sofia Sörensen hat sich während ihres turbulenten Lebens selbst sachkundig gemacht und mutig unter multidimensionaler Psychotherapie mit EMDR, Verhaltenstherapie, Psychoanalyse und anderem selbständig erfolgreich behandelt. In der Wagneroper Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg fragt Walther von Stolzing: "Wie fang' ich nach der Regel an?" Und Hans Sachs antwortet ihm: "Ihr stellt sie selbst und folgt ihr dann." Der eigene Leitsatz von Sofia Sörensen lautet: "Irren kann ich mich auch selbst. Dafür benötige ich keinen Therapeuten mehr."

Review of self-therapy, body and soul, biography and nonfiction. Sofia Sorensen has made during her turbulent life itself competently and courageously with under multidimensional EMDR psychotherapy, behavior therapy, psychoanalysis and other self-treated successfully. In Wagner's opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg Walther von Stolzing asks: "How could I begin to the rule?" And Hans Sachs replied: "You will own it and then follows her." The own motto of Sofia Sorensen is: "To err may I also own this I do not need a therapist anymore." Review of self-therapy, body and soul, biography and nonfiction. Sofia Sorensen has made during her turbulent life itself competently and courageously with under multidimensional EMDR psychotherapy, behavior therapy, psychoanalysis and other self-treated successfully. In Wagner's opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg Walther von Stolzing asks: "How could I begin to the rule?" And Hans Sachs replied: "You will own it and then follows her." The own motto of Sofia Sorensen is: "To err may I also own this I do not need a therapist anymore."

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: No

372. Benor, D. J. (2005, November). Self-healing interventions for clinical practice: Brief psychotherapy with WHEE -- the wholistic hybrid of EMDR and EFT. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 11(4), 270-274. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2005.02.006.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Potent self-healing approaches are now available to help people to deal with their stresses, anxieties, and pains of physical and emotional origins. The author, a wholistic psychiatrist, shares his clinical experiences in helping his clients deal expeditiously and successfully with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms. This article focuses on WHEE, a brief, potent method for releasing psychological and physical pains, negative beliefs, and disbeliefs, and for installing positive feelings and beliefs. To use modern terminology, this method allows you to correct the serious but not fatal error you have made in letting a child program your lifetime computer. WHEE is a method for reprogramming your default programs. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Energy Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSDStressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

373. Dyregrov, A. (2006, March). Self-help methods, EMDR and trauma therapy following disasters. Presentation at the 4th annual conference of the EMDR Association of UK and Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The time of an expert “treating” a passive victim has passed, and people are searching for ways that they can influence their own path to recovery following traumatic events. There is a general move towards empowerment for individuals and groups within modern health care. This workshop will provide examples of self-help methods that can be used in the wake of disaster and reduce the need for psychotherapeutic assistance. The methods will add to the ‘”toolbox” for the helper that can be taught to individuals or groups to reduce the untoward effects of trauma. Following disasters there will be many who need more than self-help methods and the workshop will provide a variety of examples of how the use of trauma and grief-specific methods, including EMDR, can be applied.

Keywords: Disasters Trauma Therapy

Accuracy Verified: No

374. Forrest, M. S. (1995, June). Self-soothing and the multiple trauma survivor. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Remember the joke about the doctor who says, "The operation was a success, but the patient died"? That's how some clients feel about EMDR. They succeed in accessing deep and important material, but find themselves extremely depressed and/or anxious in the days afterward. For these clients, who are often survivors of multiple trauma such as long-tenn child abuse or incest, the ability to self-soothe (both during and after an EMDR session) makes the difference between whether they regard EMDR as a useful tool or a necessary evil. To find out what self-control techniques work best for such clients, I interviewed EMDR clients (all women) who had experienced long-term sexual abuse in childhood. The first thing I learned was that for survivors of multiple trauma, the ability to feel safe starts long before EMDR is ever used. Many women cited their relationship with their therapist as the foundation of their feeling safe with EMDR: "I trust my therapist absolutely." One client's therapist told her he had used EMDR himself: "That made a huge difference to me," she said. Other advance work included planning and taking preventative measures. Planning means picking the right time (and pace) for doing EMDR: being sure the therapist and/or other support people will be available in the days after the session; not driving or going back to work afterward (if possible); being able to have plenty of alone time; and going slowly, doing EMDR in small increments. "I didn't expect myself to go out in the world and be social afterward. I was pretty raw for a few days, sometimes for a whole week," B. told me. Planning also means taking preventive measures, such as teaching the client how to find "a safe place." Most clinicians know the importance of this, but one of the women I interviewed was emphatic that creating a safe place was very different from being able to go to it when she was in a session and reliving the experience of being a three-year-old overwhelmed by extreme grief or terror. She said she needed a lot of practice accessing her safe place and some special interventions (see below) to get through the intense times. Being able to self-soothe between sets of eye movements was very difficult for most clients. "I cry all the time we do it," S. told me. "I have to sit near the door and not have my therapist sit too close," said M. Another woman said, "We do the eye movements for a few seconds and we talk in between."One successful intervention, especially for clients overwhelmed by the intensity of their feelings, involved the therapist asking his client to listen to the sound of his breathing and to breathe along with him. Another clinician has his client when she gets extremely upset ask her "inner guide or "higher power" whether it's "okay to continue;" a third asks, "Is there more underneath or is it time to wind down?" Letting the client control the pace and progress of his/her own processing can be an important way to teach self-trust -- especially to people for whom loss of power was endemic to their abuse. Some clients are able to repeat special phrases or afirmations over and over between sets to calm themselves. L., a ritual abuse survivor, said she grounds herself by silently reciting a mindfulness verse from Zen master Thich Naht Hanh in time with her inbreath and out-breath: "In, out. Deep, slow, Calm, ease. Smile, release. In, out. Deep, slow ...... Different kinds of self-soothing techniques work best after the eye-movement sets are completed. Immediately afterwards, while still in session, one client said she falls asleep for a few minutes -- she finds this a big help in countering the dissociated state in which she typically concludes an EMDR session. Another said she and her therapist share a cup of tea and talk over what happened as a way to "come down" and normalize the experience. Some clinicians close a session by doing eye movements to reinforce the client's safe place. One woman said her therapist has her "cement the present in place" by doing eye movements on either a present-day image, an image of her inner child in the safe place, or a positive statement. Francine Shapiro has often said that what happens after the EMDR session can be as important as what happens during it. The women I interviewed felt exactly the same way. They had learned the necessity of talung exquisitely good care of themselves in the hours and days that follow. "I take time-and time out," declared B., who often has a delayed fear reaction following EMDR. Most clients said they go home and either curl up in bed or in a favorite rocking chair with their stuffed animals. They cry, sleep, write in their journals, draw pictures, listen to music, look at favorite photographs, and/or call a support person. M. uses self-talk to ease her feelings: "I say to myself, 'You know that knot of fear. I know it's only fear. I know that nothing is going to hurt me right now'." For others, going home immediately is not the best option: D. takes a walk along the shores of Long Island Sound; C., the mother of three young children, finds solace in a favorite bookstore. Sometimes all the planning in the world doesn't help: the abreaction seems to launch the client back to the age she was when she was abused - and she simply can't remember how to calm herself. To counter this, several clients said they carry a list of things they can do to quiet themselves. S. finds reading mystery stories comforting("At the end you always find out what really happened."), but has to keep two of them on her bedside table at all times: "If they're not in full view, I forget about using them." One interesting example of "assigned" self-soothing was given by a ritual abuse survivor who was new to EMDR. After a session when a lot of memories came up about how her sexuality was used and degraded during the abuse, her therapist gave her very specific instructions on how to care for herself, including buying a romantic nightgown and soaking in bath salts for 45 minutes; listening to romantic music; and not touching or kissing her partner for 48 hours. "It worked out great!" she told me happily. "I felt SO pretty and so safe." The conclusion I reached about how multiple-trauma survivors learn to self-soothe in the face of the intense feelings EMDR can trigger is not revolutionary. The recipe is: Step 1. Plan for the worst. Step 2. Let the client select the self-soothing techniques that specifically fit for her or him. Step 3. Make sure s/he is able to use these techniques no matter how intense his/her emotions are. Sometimes this will call for the therapist to take an active role by either leading the client in specific calming techniques or by assigning very clear-cut homework. If the recipe calls for planning and practicing, then the pot in which the ingredients are cooked is labeled "TRUST"-trust before initiating EMDR, trust during the eye movements, and trust after the sets are completed. Unless the client deeply trusts the clinician, the method itself, and his or her own capacity to go into the feelings and me out safely, the recipe for success with EMDR can turn into a recipe for disaster.

Keywords: Survivor Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

375. Tavanti, M., Bossini, L., Calossi, S., Lombardelli, A., Polizzotto, N., Vatti, G., Galli, R., Pieraccini F., & Castrogiovanni, P. (2008, Febbraio). Sertralina vs EMDR: Effetti sul volume ippocampale [Sertraline vs. EMDR: Effects on hippocampal volume]. Poster presentato al XII Congresso SOPSI (Società Italiana di Psicopatologia), Roma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Molti dati sperimentali hanno mostrato che la terapia farmacologica con SSRI può incrementare il volume dell’ippocampo, invece il solo studio che ha investigato gli effetti di un tipo di psicoterapia (TEB, Terapia Eclettica Breve) non ha evidenziato alcuna efficacia sul volume ippocampale 1. Scopo del nostro studio è valutare gli effetti del trattamento con EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) sul volume ippocampale, sui sintomi e sulle performances mnesiche di pazienti con Disturbo Post-Traumatico da Stress (DPTS). La EMDR è una terapia la cui efficacia nel DPTS è stata dimostrata in numerosi studi sperimentali. Sono stati selezionati 12 soggetti drug-free con diagnosi di DPTS alla SCID-P, senza comorbidità psichiatrica. Ogni soggetto reclutato è stato sottoposto alla prima visita (Tempo 0, Drug-Free) ad una indagine psicometrica (tramite DTS), ad una indagine neuropsicologica (tramite una batteria di test) e alla misurazione dei volumi cerebrali tramite Risonanza Magnetica. Successivamente, i 12 soggetti sono stati attribuiti in maniera random a due diversi protocolli terapeutici. Sei soggetti hanno effettuato 12 sedute di EMDR della durata di 1,5 ore, mentre sei soggetti sono stati trattati con 100 mg di sertralina. Dopo il trattamento (Tempo 1, Post-Terapia) i soggetti sono stati nuovamente sottoposti alle indagini effettuate al Tempo 0. La seconda valutazione al Tempo 1 è stata effettuata dopo tre mesi nei soggetti trattati con EMDR e dopo 6 mesi nei soggetti trattati con la sertralina, in base ai tempi medi necessari per la remissione cilinica del DPTS riportati in letteratura per i due presidi terapeutici. In questo studio verranno presentati i dati relativi alle differenze volumetriche, ai miglioramenti clinici e alla performance mnesica nei due gruppi di soggetti (soggetti sottoposti ad EMDR e soggetti trattati con sertralina) e un dettagliato confronto dei risultati ottenuti.

Many experimental data have shown that drug therapy with SSRIs may increase the volume of the hippocampus, Instead the only study that has investigated the effects of a type psychotherapy (TEB, Brief Therapy Eclectic) showed no no effect on hippocampal volume 1. Purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) on hippocampal volume, symptoms and performance mnesic of patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The EMDR is a therapy whose efficacy in PTSD is been demonstrated in numerous experimental studies. Were selected 12 subjects with a diagnosis of drug-free PTSD in the SCID-P, without psychiatric comorbidity. Each recruited subject was submitted to the first visit (Time 0, Drug-Free) at a psychometric investigation (by DTS), a neuropsychological investigation (using a battery test) and measurement of brain volume through Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Subsequently, 12 subjects have been allocated random to two different treatment protocols. Six subjects have carried out 12 sessions of EMDR duration of 1.5 hours, while six patients were treated with 100 mg of sertraline. After treatment (Time 1, Post-Therapy) subjects are were again subjected to the investigations made at the time 0. The second evaluation at Time 1 was made after three months in subjects treated with EMDR and after 6 months in subjects treated with sertraline, based on the average time needed cylinder for the remission of PTSD reported in the literature for the two therapeutic aids. In this study will be presented data on differences displacement, the clinical improvements and performance mnesic in the two groups of subjects (subjects EMDR for patients treated with sertraline) and a detailed comparison of results. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary - View detailed dictionaryGoogle Translate for my:SearchesVideosEmailPhoneChatBusinessAbout Google TranslateTurn off instant translationPrivacyHelp ©2010Business ToolsTranslator ToolkitAbout Google TranslateBlogPrivacyHelp►

Keywords: Hippocampal Volume Poster Sertraline

Accuracy Verified: Yes

376. Brogan, J. (2011, June 11). Shifting the focus. Boston, MA: Boston Globe. Retrieved from http://articles.boston.com/2011-07-11/lifestyle/29761983_1_emdr-ptsd-eye-movement-desensitization on 7/11/2011.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Once highly controversial, EMDR has made gains in acceptance. In 2004, both the American Psychiatric Association and the Department of Defense recommended it as an effective treatment for PTSD. In May, the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, recognized EMDR as an evidence-based treatment for depression and anxiety as well as for PTSD. (Excerpt)

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

377. Meenhuys, A. (2010, March 23). Signalering en diagnostiek van trauma's bij kinderen [Detection and treatment of trauma in children]. Presentatie in Signalering en behandeling van trauma bij kinderen en adolescenten, Gelderse Roos Oolgaardtlezing, Arnhem, Nederlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
De Gelderse Roos Kinderen en Jongeren biedt gespecialiseerde hulp. In de afgelopen jaren hebben we ruime ervaring opgedaan met de signalering, diagnostiek en behandeling van getraumatiseerde kinderen en jongeren. Sinds enige tijd werken we met een kernteam van traumadeskundigen, waardoor we in ons hele werkgebied cliënten en verwijzers deskundige hulp kunnen geven. De avond is bedoeld voor medewerkers van jeugdgezondheidszorgdiensten, huisartsen, jeugdhulpverleners, medewerkers van Bureau Jeugdzorg, interne begeleiders en andere geïnteresseerden. Vooraf aanmelden is noodzakelijk!
U krijgt inzicht in criteria voor signalering en stappen die u vervolgens kunt nemen. Ook krijgt u inzicht in onze behandelmogelijkheden en de wijze waarop wij samenwerken met andere instellingen. De tweede en derde lezing geven u inzicht in EMDR-behandeling. EMDR betekent "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" en is een van de voorkeurs behandelmethodes bij posttraumatische stressstoornissen, maar ook toepasbaar bij andere traumagerelateerde problemen. Kenmerkend voor EMDR is dat gebruik gemaakt wordt van een bilaterale afleidende stimulatie in de vorm van oogbewegingen, "klikjes" - afwisselend links/rechts door middel van een koptelefoon - of tactiele stimulatie ("tappen"). Hierdoor blijkt het verwerkingsproces gestimuleerd te worden.

The Roos Gelderse Children and Youth provides specialized assistance. In recent years we have gained experience with the detection, diagnosis and treatment of traumatized children and adolescents. For some time we work with a core team of trauma experts, allowing us throughout our area clients and referrers can give expert help. The evening is designed for employees of youth health care services, GPs, youth workers, Youth Bureau staff, internal support staff and other interested parties. Advance registration is required! You will gain insight into criteria for signaling and then steps you can take. You also get an insight into our treatment options and how we cooperate with other institutions. The second and third readings give you insight into EMDR treatment. EMDR does "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" and is one of the preferred treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder, but also applicable to other trauma related problems. Typical of EMDR is that use is made of a bilateral distracting stimulation in the form of eye movements, "clicks" - alternating left / right through a headset - or tactile stimulation (tapping). This process appears to be stimulated.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

378. Pasternak, J. (2009). Skuteczność terapii odwrażliwiania za pomoca̧ ruchów gałek ocznych (EMDR) u leczonych ambulatoryjnie pacjentów z zaburzeniem stresowym pourazowym [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing effectiveness in outpatient psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder]. Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii, 18(3), 247-254 .

Language: Polish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objectives. The psychological study was aimed at evaluation of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), hypothesized to be effective in PTSD treatment. Method. Participants in the study were 60 outpatients (16 men and 44 women) aged 18-55, diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They were treated with psychotherapy at the Outpatient Mental Health Clinic in Rzeszów. The patients were randomly divided into two equinumerous groups: "immediate", starting treatment directly after the initial diagnostic assessment, and "delayed", receiving the same treatment after one month delay. In the pre-and post-treatment assessment a PTSD questionnaire by Pasternak was used (in the "delayed" group an additional assessment was made 1 month after the initial one, i.e. directly preceding therapy). Results. In a vast majority of patients a statistically significant reduction in PTSD symptoms severity was noted. Three subgroups differing in treatment outcome (as measured by the Pasternak PTSD Scale scores) were identified, whose therapy was: successful (n = 37), moderately effective (n = 14), or unsuccessful (n = 9). Conclusions. The findings suggest that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing turned out to be an effective technique in the treatment for PTSD, both in the whole sample under study, and in the subgroups ("immediate" and "delayed"). © 2009 Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

379. Fernandez, I. (2010, March). Small victims of big disasters: Post-traumatic stress reactions and EMDR efficacy. Keynote presented at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The presentation describes post-traumatic stress reactions in children victims of mass disasters and the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with them. Different kind of disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked) in the last years have involved specific populations of children in Italy and results from epidemiological studies and clinical interventions will be analyzed during the presentation. EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment with the population and was the elective treatment for the children of elementary schools which were the most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one month, three months and a year from the critical events. Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and sibling. Psychological support and EMDR treatment were provided to parents and school personnel and this aspect has been considered in the last interventions fundamental to enhance treatment results in children. Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess post-traumatic symptomatology before and after treatment will be shown, along with follow up data. Treatment group show a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Statistical analysis of results will be discussed. The author will highlight clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent trauma of great magnitude. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions coming from our field studies will be presented.

Keywords: Children Efficacy Keynote Mass Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

380. Matthess, H., & Yang, Y. (2010, July). Social and cultural adaptation. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
We know from research that since neurobiology is the same for humans, then the reaction to stress is the same for all human beings in the world. That is why EMDR works so well with victims of natural disasters and of adverse childhood experiences, including sexual and physical violence and emotional neglect. Because of cognitive functioning, e.g., creating metaphors and images for self-soothing, establishing social contact and/ or personal interpretation, or assigning meaning to stressful experiences, we have to emphasize the importance of cultural influences. We want to invite people from different cultures to join this open meeting to present, share, and discuss their experiences and perhaps difficulties with cultural adaptation of trauma-therapy techniques, including EMDR. For example, we may need to examine where and how the wording of the EMDR-protocol needs to be adapted to recognize and accommodate cultural differences; perhaps we need to look at the language structure and its accessibility. Let us share our ideas and experiences so that we may get new insights on how to more effectively implement our trauma-therapy techniques and spread our knowledge about neurobiology to various cultural backgrounds.

Keywords: Social and Cultural Adaptation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

381. Nelson, C. (2010, June 16). Social worker’s one-on-one approach works wonders. Chicago Tribune.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Licensed clinical social worker and founder of her own psychotherapy practice in Lincoln Square in Chicago, Bell has made it her life goal to help other people get through the problems that plague them. Seeing up to eight patients a day, she works on a one-to-one basis and exclusively with adults. For 14 years, she has been aiding people with a wide array of issues in their lives, like anxiety, excessive worrying and depression. But what Bell finds most often is that her clients are going through, what she calls, a rough patch. This could be anything from grief or a loss of loved one to the transition of becoming a parent or getting a divorce.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

382. Dworkin, M. (2010, March). Solving transference and counter-transference with dissociative disorders in EMDR. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chair, Michael Paterson
This workshop will focus on the types of transference and counter-transference that arise in EMDR with dissociative clients and teach solutions. Procedural modifications have been the focus in dealing with pathological dissociation in EMDR treatment. Separately, transference and counter-transference with dissociative patients have been written about extensively by experts in the dissociation field. Research findings about the effects of mirror neurons and embedded simulation on the inter-subjective field of patient and therapist have also been published. Strategies for dealing with these transference and counter-transference in EMDR treatment have received little attention even though this population has intense transference, and can activate intense counter-transference. These issues may begin during an evaluation of the presenting problems. Strategies for identifying and using transference to enhance dual awareness during history taking will be demonstrated. An elongated preparation phase to develop enough trust and stabilization before exploring traumatic memories can limit induced transference. Different parts of a dissociative patient may have different kinds of transferences. These transferences may cause the patient to withdraw, cling or attack; affecting the therapist’s abilities to stay attuned and focused on the work in different phases of EMDR. Strategies of attunement to the activated part of the client will be demonstrated in order to repair or prevent ruptures of attunement. Interactions are bi-directional, and different (transferential) parts may activate dissociative parts of the therapist. Strategies to somatically identify and use these counter-transferential activations in the therapist will be taught through body based awarenesses. R/D/I strategies can be used to limit countertransference to remain grounded and attuned. Transference and counter-transference during the assessment phase will be identified and solutions presented. During the Desensitization phase under-accessing or over-accessing target memories; abreaction vs. vehement emotions will be discussed as unacknowledged dissociative moments with indications for inducing transference, counter-transference, or both. Decisions need be made collaboratively whether to process or contain these events. Understanding and dealing with dilemmas of dissociative enactments are crucial to keeping the healing process going. These inter-subjective issues may be most intense during the first four phases, but some problems may continue into Installation and the Body Scan. Problems and solutions during Incomplete Closure and the Re-evaluation phases will be given. Activated parts in the patient may cling or be angry with the therapist at the end of an EMDR session. Failure or defectiveness parts of the therapist may become activated as well. Solutions to these issues that occur during different phases will be taught so that participants will leave the workshop with additional strategies to use with their dissociative patients. Attunement to dissociative parts, identifying transference and counter-transference binds; The Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire ; Compartmentalization; use of self soothing skills; using Relational, Empathic, and Transferential Interweaves; identifying moments of projective identification and enactments, and then to use them to deepen EMDR will be taught, as well as innovative inter-subjective strategies . Case examples and awareness exercises will used throughout the workshop to facilitate intellectual and experiential learning.

Keywords: Counter-transference Dissociative Disorders Transference

Accuracy Verified: Yes

383. Puk, G., & Silver, S. (1997, October). Some lessons learned in the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program intervention in the Balkans. Behavior Online. Retrieved http://www.behavior.net/forums/evolutionary/1998/27-user=&email=&depth=8&detail=description&lastread=5-8.htm 6/10/1998.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Mental health professionals have been trained in using EMDR with trauma victims throughout the world. However, the EMDR-Humanitarian Assistance Program (EMDR-HAP) was formed in 1995 as a nonprofit organization to provide assistance and training to local mental health professionals/psychotherapists within the United States and internationally who are managing the nearly overwhelming task of providing psychotherapy to the victims of large scale traumatic events. This includes natural disasters, e.g.: earthquakes, floods, firestorms, hurricanes; military personnel and civilians in war zones; victims of large scale accidents, e.g.: the family members of the victims of TWA flight #800; and victims of sexual assault and terrorist acts, e.g.: the Oklahoma City bombing. The EMDR-HAP personnel have been trainers and group facilitators from the EMDR Institute who have volunteered their time and expertise to provide treatment and to train local mental health professionals in EMDR.

Keywords: Balkans ERMDR-HAP EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program

Accuracy Verified: Yes

384. van der Weele, J., & With, A. (2007, June). Stabilization groups with ethnic minority women after domestic violence: Presentation of a model based on structural theory of dissociation, EMDR, intercultural comunication and expressive artwork. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Alternative to violence has developed a group treatment model structured by the theory of structural dissociation and EMDR trauma treatment theory. Woman with ethnic minority background received short terms group treatment at a shelter for victims of domestic violence at an outpatient clinic and at a domestic violence family treatment center. The groups were supplements to individual therapy/counseling. We have had 10 groups; one with only Pakistani women, several mixed ethnic minority cultural groups with translation and groups in “simple Norwegian.” Recruitment was enhanced by the policy of sharing of symptoms and problems today with no obligation to share about personal past. The model has low drop out rate and therapist working with the individuals report more effective treatment sessions. For some women the group becomes the preferred choice of treatment. We discovered that early phase trauma work can be done in a group format with severely and recently traumatized women. Methods used are resource installation and safe place work, increase awareness of negative/positive cognitions, butterfly hug, nightmare protocol, expressive art therapy techniques as grounding, breathing techniques working with personal borders, working with imagination and playfulness. Structural therapy of dissociation concepts as ANP/EP structures and mental capacity, working from here and now, focusing on the ANP above EP's are woven into how the therapists regulate the group process and plan content. The theory organizes how we handle flashbacks, current acute crisis and how we focus on the womens’ personal trauma. We also teach about the effect of violence in relationships, the need to work on personal safety and the needs of children in the aftermath of violence. Theory from the field of intercultural communication gave us guidelines in working with women from high context, indirect and collectivistic cultures. A workbook for the clients on violence, PTSD symptoms and stabilisation treatment has been developed in the aftermath of these groups and is translated into several languages. We will present the material at the conference in the structure of the early fase trauma treatment group format. Showing in vivo how we apply the theory to severely traumatized women. We will share some of our favorite group exercises, metaphors and group rituals. Our goal is: 1. to show how the theory of structural dissociation serves as guideline for organizing and resulting treatment with severely traumatized clients in groups. 2. Give insight into typical adjustments that have been made to tailor treatment to ethnic minority populations. 3. Explain how expressive art work needs to make adjustments to the population of severely traumatized women. 4. Finally show how the group uses elements from EMDR and enhances individual EMDR work. In our experience, the stabilisation groups have integrated the heart, mind and body in the work of healing with a population that is often found difficult to treat effectively. We hare started to retain other therapists in using the model and are in the process of applying for a research grant.

Keywords: Artwork Domestic Violence Dissociation Ethnic Intercultural Communication Minority Stabilization Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

385. Vojtova, H. (2007, June). Stabilization techniques and EMDR - Two case illustrations. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The poster presents two short case studies – vignettes. Both represent an illustration of interactions between stabilization techniques and trauma confrontation using ERMDR in the psychotherapy of PTSD. The first case portrays a part of a longer and more complex psychotherapy of a woman violently raped by a strange man. The second one exemplifies a short-term psychotherapy of a young woman who developed PTSD after being repeatedly attacked by a dog from a neighbor’s house. Each case in its own way shows the need for both stabilization and trauma-reprocessing and the role of providing real safety in the environment is highlighted.

Keywords: Case Study Poster Stabilization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

386. Lo Iacono, S. (2008, Novembre). Stato di coscienza e paradigma: Un confronto tra 2 descrizioni sistemiche dei processi di cambiamento osservati in una psicoterapia integrate con EMDR [State of consciousness and paradigm: A comparison between 2 descriptions - Systemic change processes observed in psychotherapy integrated with EMDR]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In questa presentazione la psicoterapia integrata con EMDR viene definita sulla base delle due tecniche principali di questa metodologia clinica: 1. le attivitï¿½ di Focalizzazioni Mentali Multiple su immagini, cognizioni e sensazioni corporee e sul qui ed ora della relazione terapeutica piï¿½. 2. la Stimolazione Bilaterale Alternata su un canale sensoriale. Vengono, quindi, confrontate due differenti descrizioni sintetiche, Paradigma e Stato di Coscienza, dei processi di cambiamento osservati nel paziente in una psicoterapia con EMDR. La descrizione sintetica come cambiamento di Paradigma viene effettuata in stretto parallelo con le definizioni originali di Paradigma date dallo stesso Kuhn. La seconda descrizione sintetica degli stessi processi di cambiamento viene effettuata dopo aver definito un modello di Stato di Coscienza come prodotto di tre fattori: stato fisico chimico dell'organismo, stato mentale dell'organismo e condizioni fisiche e sociali dell'ambiente. Nelle conclusioni si evidenzia come la descrizione sintetica di Salto di Paradigma possa render conto solo dei cambiamenti di ambito cognitivo mentre restano escluse da questa descrizione i cambiamenti inerenti le emozioni e le sensazioni corporee che si osservano in una psicoterapia integrata con EMDR. La descrizione sintetica come cambiamento dello Stato di Coscienza potrebbe, invece, essere utile a comprender meglio i modi in cui il cambiamento ï¿½ indotto ed a distinguere il ruolo delle attivitï¿½ di Focalizzazioni Mentali Multiple da quello della Stimolazione Bilaterale Alternata e quindi a riflettere e ad intervenire, sia in contesti clinici che di ricerca, sulle due tecniche prevalenti della psicoterapia con EMDR.

In this presentation, the integrated psychotherapy with EMDR is defined on the basis of two Main technical methodology of this trial: 1. Multiple Mental activities focusing on images, cognitions and bodily sensations and on the here and now of the therapeutic relationship more. 2. Alternating Bilateral Stimulation on a sensory channel. Are then compared two different brief descriptions, model and state of consciousness, processes of change observed in the patient in psychotherapy with EMDR. Description summarized as a change of paradigm is carried out in close parallel with the definitions original paradigm given by Kuhn. The second summary description of these processes of change is made after a model for state of consciousness as the product of three factors: state physical chemist body, mental body and physical and social environment. In conclusions noted as a concise description of paradigm shifts can realize only of changes in the cognitive field and are excluded from this description the Changes related emotions and bodily sensations that are observed in psychotherapy integrated with EMDR. The outline as a change of consciousness, but it could be useful to understand better the ways in which change is induced and to distinguish the role of activities Focus from that of the Multiple Mental Stimulation alternative two and then reflect and act, whether in clinical research, the two prevailing techniques psychotherapy with EMDR.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

387. Shapiro, F. (1995). Stray thoughts. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 1-2.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The report of the bombing in Oklahoma City was extremely painful for many of us. As I watched TV, I was struck again by the level of pain we put each other through, and the level of suffering some of us endure. It also made me think of the obligation we have as mental health professionals to the world at large.

Keywords: Oklahoma City Bombing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

388. Shapiro, F. (1992, Winter). Stray thoughts: Memory retrieval. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(3), 1-3.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
It appears as though one of the heritages ofthe psychodynmc model is the belief in the need for "uncovering memories" as necessary prerequisites for "working themthrough." Consequently, it appears as though some EMDR-trained clinicians have decided to use a combination of EMDR and hypnosis for "memory retrieval." While hypnosis has been a highly successful and standard form of practice for many years, its interaction effects with EMDR have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, I would like to issue some additional words of caution in this regard, since each clinician is bound to approach issues of possible "repression" and "resistance" in ahighly subjective manner. The points are made below in order to highlight factors that might possibly have been forgotten or overlooked by some clinicians in the merging of variant models.

Keywords: Memory Retrieval Repression Resistance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

389. Bossini, L., Casolaro, I., Santarnecchi, E., Caterini, C., Koukouna, D., Fernandez, I., & Fagiolini, A. (2012, March-April). Studio di valutazione dell'efficacia clinica e neurobiologica dell'EMDR in pazienti affetti da disturbo da stress post-traumatico [Evaluation study of clinical and neurobiological efficacy of EMDR in patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder]. Rivista di Pschiatria, 47(2 Supp 1), 12S-15S. doi:10.1078/1071.11733.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Un forte supporto all'uso prove di EMDR nei pazienti affetti da disturbo post-traumatico da stress (PTSD). Obiettivo. Per valutare l'efficacia clinica e neurobiologica-strutturale di EMDR alla droga naïve PTSD senza comorbidità. Materiali e metodi. Abbiamo fatto una valutazione clinica e la misurazione del volume ippocampale da MRI su 29 soggetti affetti da PTSD e su 30 soggetti sani di controllo. Quindi, i pazienti sono stati trattati con EMDR e dopo tre mesi di psicoterapia della valutazione clinica e l'esame di risonanza magnetica sono state risposto. Risultati e discussione. I nostri risultati hanno dimostrato che la diagnosi di PTSD non era più possibile su tutti i pazienti che hanno terminato la psicoterapia (n = 18). Allo stesso tempo, tutti i pazienti hanno mostrato un aumento medio del 6% dei volumi dell'ippocampo. Conclusioni. La reaserach suggerisce che il trattamento EMDR correla non solo con un miglioramento significativo dei sintomi di PTSD, ma anche con un significativo aumento del volume dell'ippocampo.

Strong evidence support use of EMDR in patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Aim. To evaluate clinical and neurobiological-structural efficacy of EMDR on drug-naïve PTSD without comorbidity. Materials and methods. We made clinical evaluation and hippocampal volume measurement by MRI on 29 subjects suffering from PTSD and on 30 healthy control-subjects. Then, patients were treated with EMDR and after three months of psychotherapy the clinical evaluation and the MRI exam were replied. Results and discussion. Our results demonstrated that the diagnosis of PTSD was no more possible on all the patients who terminated the psychotherapy (n=18). At the same time, all the patients showed an average increase of 6% in hippocampal volumes. Conclusions. Our reaserach suggests that EMDR treatment correlates not only with a significant improvement of symptoms of PTSD, but also with a significant increase of hippocampal volumes.

Keywords: Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

390. Armstrong, R. (2011, March). The subjective experiences of children following EMDR for PTSD following a single incident trauma. In EMDR research. Symposium (Derek Farrell, Chair) conducted at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study explored the subjective experiences of children from 10 to 16 years who had completed an episode of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) following a single traumatic incident. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to elucidate the participants’ understanding of the effect of the EMDR therapy on their recovery from PTSD. Three super-ordinate themes are identified describing how the participants engaged in the therapy, were assisted to keep going and what they made of the EMDR process. Results suggest that difficulties in engaging in the therapy were overcome by a combination of desperation and determination to get better, support of family and friends, the credibility of the therapist and finding that they started to feel better after about two sessions. EMDR was perceived as a surprisingly effective therapy in the light of almost universal initial scepticism, and an approach that generally did not require a conscious effort by the participant to make it work.

Keywords: Children Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis IPA Single Incident Trauma Subjective Experiences Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

391. Gambuzza, C. A. (2010, June). Supervision, EMDR and ego state therapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to illustrate a self-reparation model within the framework of a supervision conducted my me. a therapy plan was defined for my colleague whose patent’s traumatic experience brought to light her own unresolved traumatic material. This innovative approach is not limited to the parallel therapy involving both patient and therapist, but is an intervention model. a syncletic approach integrating the standard EMDR protocol and other contributions: the attachment theory. Freud's and Bion's 'dream-work', A, van der Kolk's and 0,van der Hart's dissociative disorders treatment, Forgash's and Knipe's Ego States Therapy, A. Shore's affection regulation and self-repair therapy, Eigen's vision of damaged bonds. Maternal abandonment was the common traumatic event. The patient's mother abandoned him at birth in hospital, where he remained for a year before being institutionalized and then adopted. My colleague was abandoned by her mother when she was one year old. The transition from supervision to EMDR was facilitated by the vast dream material produced by my colleague; her dreams represented targets for EMDR. According to Eigen, dream-work addresses the damage inflicted on the self, thus the traumas experienced, and plays a major role in digesting the impact of events and in metabolizing emotions: through the dreams we try to make the indigestible digestible. Dream-work constantly reveals states of the self: dreams evolve within damaged bonds and express the psyche's attempts to undo the damage or to get the best from it. EMDR shares the same objectives and tools same as dreams. At an operational level, EMDR made it possible to analyze the dream material and to integrate the dissociated dream material related to the traumatic, catastrophic abandonment induced damage. The Ego States Therapy allowed my colleague to talk with her dissociated Ego States, to negotiate with the States a higher behavioural model, and to free her Ego States held hostage by others. At the end of this journey, a dream expresses Ego States integration. Work on the future using EMDR is concluded with these thoughts "I want to thank you because the supervision, albeit not therapy, was an important experience that opened up a new space for me: the space of perspective. The beam of light crossing the two sheaves in the dream gives a meaning to the supervision, supervision has created a third dimension in me: the dream within the dream. It is the vehicle, the skill to perceive this dialogue space, intersubjective and intrasubjective, where things change. It alleviates the feeling of being impotent. The dialectical position enables me to speak. I am very grateful for that." My colleague's dreams were incorporated in a dream network and indicate the phases of EMDR induced mental digestion. My colleague has rebuilt herself in a supervision scenario. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of EMDR in hitherto unthought-of areas, i.e., within the framework of supervision.

Keywords: Ego State Therapy Supervision

Accuracy Verified: Yes

392. Roberts, B. (2002, July). Support for EMDR. The Psychologist, 15(7), 335.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Responds to the comments by S. Joseph made regarding the original article by F. Shapiro and L. Maxfield which reported on the clinical applications of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR). Joseph's comment cautioned against the adoption of EMDR without the appropriate evidence to back it up. The current author offers her support for EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Clinical Applications Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

393. Metter, J., & Michaelson, L. K. (1993). Theoretical, clinical, research, and ethical constraints of the eye movement desensitization reprocessing technique. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6(3), 413-415. doi:10.1002/jts.2490060311.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Recently a letter by Dr. Corydon Hammond appeared in The American Society of Clinical Hypnosis Newsletter regarding a technique developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro termed Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The authors report that their clinical experience does not support the claims made by Shapiro of dramatic and long-lasting improvement using the technique.Our experience parallels Dr. Hammond's findings. We recommend extreme caution in embracing, using, or endorsing EMDR. [Adapted from Text, pp. 413, 415]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

394. Tarquinio, C., Fayard, A., & Tarquinio, P. (2007, Juin). Thérapie EMDR chez des vicimes d'accident d'automobile: Une suivi de 6 mois [A 6 month follow-up if victims of automobile accidents undergoing EMDR therapy]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objectif: présenter les résultats d'une étude réalisée dans le cadre du traitement des victimes de la route. Nous avons fait la distinction entre les sujets qui ont présenté un (complet n = 16) ou une forme partielle (n = 8) du syndrome de stress post-traumatique (définie par la présence de grappes A et B et l'un des groupes C ou D ).
Sujets: Toutes les victimes (âge moyen: 34,3, s = 4,19; 17 hommes et 7 femmes) ont subi une thérapie EMDR pour quatre séances de 90 minutes. Les sujets ont été inclus dans le projet thérapeutique de 18 mois et ont été suivis pendant 6 mois après la fin de la thérapie.
Procédure: Les sujets ont été envoyées par différentes associations de victimes de consulter l'un des auteurs qui ont pris en charge tous les traitements, après la première consultation, une proposition a été faite au sujet de faire partie d'un protocole de recherche. Après des explications ont été données au diagnostic (complet vs partielle SSPT) a été faite par les deux autres co-auteurs qui ont également participé à l'évaluation des différentes phases.
Les sujets devaient ensuite répondre aux questions de l'échelle d'impact de l'événement d'Horowitz (Horowitz et al, 1979) et la State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI (Spielberger et al 1983). Dans le cadre du protocole thérapeutique, les sujets devaient faire une évaluation SUDS (Wolpe, 1990) qui mesure l'état de détresse concevable par le patient, évalué sur un formulaire échelle de 0 (aucun) à 10 (le pire). Ces différentes mesures ont été administrés à tous les sujets avant de commencer le traitement (T1), après quatre séances de l'EMDR (T2), et six mois plus tard (T3).
Principaux résultats: En raison de la petite taille de l'échantillon et une distribution non normale, les données ont été traitées avec des tests non paramétriques (Mann et Whitney pour les groupes indépendants et de Wilcoxon pour les mesures appariées). [Tableau 1 de l'étude des données du Programme de la conférence originale abstraite ne figurent pas ici.]
Les différences entre le prétest, post-test et l'évaluation après six mois sont montrés également très importante, indiquant un effet très positif avec l'EMDR sur la réduction des symptômes intrusifs et d'évitement. Les effets positifs du traitement sur l'anxiété de la victime peuvent également être des notes, ainsi que sur la réduction de la mousse.

Objective: To present the results of a study carried out in the framework of treating road victims. We have made the distinction between the subjects who presented a complete (n=16) or a partial form (n=8) of post-traumatic stress disorder (defined by the presence of clusters A and B and one of the clusters C or D).
Subjects: All the victims (mean age: 34.3, s=4.19; 17 men and 7 women) underwent EMDR therapy for four 90 minute sessions. The subjects were included in the therapeutic project for 18 months and were followed for 6 months after the end of the therapy.
Procedure: The subjects were sent by different associations of victims to consult with one of the authors who took charge of all of the treatments, After the first consultation, a proposal was made to the subject to be part of a research protocol. After explanations were given the diagnosis (complete vs. partial PTSD) was made by the other two co-authors who also participated in evaluations of the different phases.
The subjects then had to answer questions from Horowitz’s Impact Event Scale (Horowitz et al, 1979) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI (Spielberger et al 1983). In the framework of therapeutic protocol, the subjects had to do a SUDS evaluation (Wolpe, 1990) which measures the state of distress conceivable by the patient, evaluated on a scale form 0 (none) to 10 (the worst). These different measures were administered to all of the subjects before beginning the therapy (T1), after four sessions of EMDR (T2), and six months later (T3).
Main results: Because of the small size of the sample and a non-normal distribution, the data was processed with non-parametric tests (Mann and Whitney for the independent groups and Wilcoxon for the paired measures). [Table 1 of study's data from the original Conference Program abstract not included here.]
The differences between the pretest, the posttest and the evaluation after six months are shown to be equally very significant, indicating a very positive effect with EMDR on the reduction of intrusive symptoms and avoidance. The positive effects of the treatment on the victim’s anxiety can also be notes, as well as on the reduction of the SUDS.

Keywords: Automobile Accident Motor Vehicle Accident

Accuracy Verified: Yes

395. Nieves, D. (2002, January 8). Therapy helps police unwind. Colorado Springs, CO: The Gazette, 2.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The therapy, called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), is used to ease the psychological impacts of experiences such as combat, violence or natural disasters. The Colorado Springs Police Department participated in an 18-month study of EMDR, the results of which were announced last month.

Keywords: Colorado Springs Policemen Stress

Accuracy Verified: No

396. Colelli, G., & Patterson, B. (2008). Three case reports illustrating the use of the protocol for recent traumatic events following the World Trade Center terrorist attack. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 114-123. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.114.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Following the attacks on the New York World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program initiated a response establishing the New York City Disaster Mental Health Recovery Network. The network provided coordination and assistance to local psychotherapists who volunteered to provide treatment to individuals directly affected by the tragedy. The psychotherapists utilized both the EMDR standard protocol and the EMDR Recent Events protocol during the initial aftermath and ongoing recovery at the World Trade Center site. The development of the network is reviewed, and detailed descriptions are provided regarding three cases to illustrate the use of the EMDR Recent Events protocol. The research findings reported by Silver, Rogers, Knipe, and Colelli that demonstrated support for EMDR as a postdisaster treatment are summarized. Further research is recommended. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: 9/11 Adults Americans Case Report Man-Made Disasters Recent Events Protocol September 11 Survivors Terrorism Terrorist Attacks

Accuracy Verified: Yes

397. Spierings, J. (2007, June). The three tests: A structure approach to stabilization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
For every client who comes for treatment with trauma-related symptoms and complaints, we ask ourselves at least once: What shall we do? Stabilization or confrontation? Sometimes the answer is easy, many times it is a difficult decision. In this presentation, a systemic approach is presented to asses, together with the client, whether the client is ready for trauma confrontation. The client’s capabilities for trauma processing are carefully estimated and strengthened when necessary. This is done with the help of an informal measuring instrument: “The three tests.” It helps the therapist to make a well-balanced choice between stabilization and trauma confrontation at any moment in treatment. The result shows what this specific client still needs to learn before EMDR traumawork can be safely and successfully started, and gives the therapist that necessary material for a tailor-made treatment plan. Some clients can start EMDR traumawork right away, for others the moment for confrontation will never come. But for these clients too “the three tests” offer a structured and meaningful treatment program. The presentation is both very practical and based on a solid theoretical base. The exercises and techniques can be applied immediately for many clients.

Keywords: Stablization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

398. Kutz, I. (2009). To the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 57-58. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.57.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Reply by the current author to the comments made by Rosemary Masters (see record 2009-02768-007) on the original article by I. Kutz, V. Resnik and R. Dekel (see record 2008-13102-003). I sincerely thank Ms. Masters for her important comments. Indeed, to the list of confounding variables enumerated by Ms. Masters, one may add others like suggestibility. She may have missed the main point of the article—the immediacy of the response. By equating the epidemiological figures of natural recovery from trauma exposure to the numbers described in our study, Ms. Masters is comparing a process that progresses over several months to a process that occurred within a single session that lasted approximately 45 minutes. More strikingly, these dramatic changes in traumatic memories and intrusion distress are tightly correlated with the EMDR set, which lasted a minute or less and appeared within a minute or two after the set. However, since we did not systematically follow up on many of those patients we described, we should emphasize and restate that 50% of our population had complete immediate relief following a single session of EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Accidents Acute Stress Syndromes Bombing Attacks Intrusion Distress Letter Terrorist

Accuracy Verified: Yes

399. Cohen, A., Prattos, T., Birnbaum, A., Yoeli, F. R., Quinn, G., & Lopacka, J. (2006, June). Training EMDR practitioners of another culture and language following a disaster. In Cross-cultural EMDR training following disasters. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR Training Following a Disaster Aims • To identify some of the vital components of a successful EMDR training to take place in a cultural milieu other than that of the presenting team • The differences between EMDR training designed to provide intervention relief following a disaster and regular EMDR training • To develop an EMDR training program sensitive to local culture with support from abroad both in times of emergency and calm [Excerpt]

Keywords: Disasters Symposium Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

400. Russell, M. C., & Friedberg, F. (2009). Training, treatment access, and research on trauma intervention in the armed services. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 24-31. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.24.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Since 2001, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have caused considerable strain on military medicine to effectively manage the growing mental health demand from deployed personnel. This article examines the ability of the U.S. Department of Defense to provide quality mental health services based on the availability of (a) clinical training, (b) mental health interventions, and (c) funded research of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. While notable progress has been made in cognitive-behavioral treatment access and research, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is far less available—perhaps attributable to ongoing controversy over the technique. We suggest that underserved veterans would benefit from increased availability of evidence-based behavioral treatments, perhaps through continuation of a recent regional training program.

Keywords: Clinical Training Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Access Veterans

Accuracy Verified: Yes

401. Mosquera, D. (2011, Julio). Trastorno limite de personalidad y EMDR [Borderline personality disorder and EMDR]. En Aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el IX Congreso Nacional de Psicología Clínica, San Sebastián, España .

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Los trastornos de personalidad son un grupo complejo a la hora de trabajar en psicoterapia. Los problemas relacionales y las reacciones emocionales desbordantes suelen estar en un primer plano. Muchos de estos trastornos están generados en una historia de trauma temprano y relaciones de apego disfuncionales con los cuidadores primarios que pueden ser tratados con EMDR. El trastorno límite de la Personalidad o TLP, se ha relacionado con una historia temprana de apego disfuncional, con trauma en la infancia (abuso sexual, físico, trauma de apego y/o negligencia), sin embargo no todas las orientaciones terapéuticas específicas para el trastorno límite abordan de modo directo estas experiencias traumáticas previas. Algunos autores destacan los contextos invalidantes en la historia biográfica de las personas con este diagnostico, lo que suele ir unido a una traumatización compleja. El concepto de trauma en EMDR es un concepto mucho más amplio del que se maneja de manera habitual, no solo es trauma. Francine Shapiro explica que muchos de nosotros pensamos que el trauma consiste en grandes acontecimientos que aparecen en las noticias (veteranos de guerra, sobrevivientes de catástrofes naturales y ataques terroristas……) pero, de hecho, por definición, trauma es cualquier hecho que ha tenido un efecto negativo duradero. La terapia EMDR ha demostrado su eficacia en el trastorno de estrés postraumática, siendo en estos momentos un tratamiento de elección para el TEPT. Su aplicación en una amplia gama de trastornos en cuya base se encuentran experiencias traumáticas previas se está desarrollando cada vez más. Uno de estos diagnósticos es el del trastorno límite de la personalidad que será planteado en esta mesa con un caso práctico que permitirá visualizar los resultados que se pueden conseguir en una sesión. A través del caso se ilustrará la teoría del Modelo de Procesamiento Adaptativo de la Información (PAI) y la posible aplicación de EMDR en los trastornos de la personalidad con trauma complejo

Personality disorders are a complex group when working in psychotherapy. Relational problems and emotional reactions are often overflowing be in the forefront. Many of these disorders are built on a history of early trauma and dysfunctional attachment relationships with primary caregivers can be treated with EMDR. The BPD or BPD personality has been associated with a history early attachment dysfunctional childhood trauma (sexual abuse, physical trauma attachment and / or neglect), but not all specific therapeutic guidelines for BPD directly addressed these previous traumatic experiences. Some authors emphasize the disabling contexts in the biographical history of the People with this diagnosis, which often goes hand in complex traumatization. The EMDR trauma concept is a much broader concept of which is handled as usual, not only is trauma. Francine Shapiro explains that many of us think that the trauma is to great events in the news (War veterans, survivors of natural disasters and terrorist attacks ......) but, in fact, by definition, trauma is any event that has had a negative effect durable. EMDR therapy has proven effective in post-traumatic stress disorder, being at present a treatment of choice for PTSD. Its application in a wide range of disorders whose base are previous traumatic experiences are is developing more and more. One of these diagnoses is that of BPD personality that will be raised at this table with a case study that will visualize the results that can be achieved in one session. Through the case illustrate the theory of Model Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) and possible application of EMDR in personality disorders with complex trauma.

Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

402. Zampieri, A. J., & Filho, J. M. (2012, Novembro). Tratamento de disfunção erétil com EMDR: Estudo comparativo [Treatment of erectile dysfunction with EMDR: A comparative study]. In comunicações de pesquisa. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introdução: A prevalência da disfunção sexual masculina em suas várias formas atinge a faixa de quase 90% em alguma fase da vida. Dentre elas, a Disfunção Erétil afeta aspectos primordiais do homem e pode ter sua origem em causas psicológicas, físicas ou mistas. Notam-se investimentos científicos para uma melhor compreensão e tratamento desses transtornos, nem sempre bem sucedidos. Objetivou-se no presente projeto comparar casos diagnosticados e encaminhados por médico urologista, em tratamento de disfunção erétil, sendo um grupo tratado com o método do EMDR, e outro tratado exclusivamente pelo médico. Os pacientes serão submetidos a uma entrevista estruturada e testes antes e após o tratamento. Método: Estudo comparativo de dois grupos com diagnóstico médico de disfunção erétil, submetidos ao tratamento médico. O grupo estudo será tratado com EMDR e o controle, apenas pelo médico. Antes e ao final do tratamento responderão a inventários de Beck para Ansiedade, depressão e desesperança além de um questionário mais específico sobre sua disfunção sexual, o Índice Internacional de Função Erétil (IIFE). Resultados: Projeto em andamento.

Introduction: The prevalence of male sexual dysfunction in its various forms reaches the age of almost 90% in some stage of life. Among them, Erectile Dysfunction affects key aspects of the man and may have its origin in causes psychological, physical or mixed. Note the scientific investments to better understanding and treatment of these disorders, not always successful. The objective of this project is to compare cases diagnosed and referred by the urologist in treating erectile dysfunction, one group treated with EMDR method and handled exclusively by another doctor. Patients will undergo a structured interview and tests before and after treatment. Methods: A comparative study of two groups with a medical diagnosis of erectile dysfunction, undergoing medical treatment. The study group will be treated with EMDR and control, just by the doctor. Before and after the treatment of inventories to respond to Beck Anxiety, depression and hopelessness as well as a more specific questionnaire about their sexual dysfunction, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Results: Project in progress.

Keywords: Beck Depression Inventory Comparative Study Erectile Dysfunction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

403. Castello, A. G. L. (2012, Novembro). Tratamento de fobias e traumas em crianças através do EMDR [Treatment of phobias and trauma in children through EMDR]. In EMDR na infância. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Este trabalho foi realizado numa Clínica Pediátrica, CLIAP, em São Paulo, Brasil, com 450 crianças na idade de 0 a 12 anos. Estas crianças vieram para tratamento psicológico com queixas de fobias e traumas simples e complexos. Foram utilizados 2850 protocolos de EMDR individual com as crianças e 220 protocolos individuais com os pais. Estes pais vieram para tratamento psicológico por intermédio do pediatra da clínica com queixas de dificuldades na condução do papel parental. Objetivos: Este trabalho é o início de uma pesquisa com EMDR com crianças, onde a técnica é utilizada como articulação metodológica no trabalho terapêutico com crianças e pais nas diversas situações de vida familiar, e tem sido realizado nos últimos cinco anos. Os atendimentos são feitos com EMDR individuais com as crianças e EMDR individuais com os pais quando necessário. Resultados: conseguimos obter um processamento das situações que foram trazidas como queixas pelos pais e pelas crianças, onde aparecem processos terapêuticos evidenciados pela elaboração dos traumas da Matriz de Identidade ligados a essas situações e o reprocessamento e rematrizações obtidas pelo EMDR.

This work was performed in a Pediatric Clinic, CLIAP in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 450 children age 0-12 years. These children came to treatment complaining of psychological traumas and phobias simple and complex. We used 2850 individual EMDR protocols with children and 220 parents with individual protocols. These parents came to psychological treatment through the pediatric clinic with complaints of difficulties in conducting the parental role. Objectives: This study is the beginning of a survey of EMDR with children, where the technique is used as methodological articulation in therapeutic work with children and parents in diverse situations of family life, and has been held in the past five years. Services are made with individual EMDR with children and individual EMDR with parents when necessary. Results: we can get a processing situations that were brought as complaints by parents and children, where they appear therapeutic processes evidenced by the development of trauma Matrix Identity linked to these situations and reprocessing and rematrizações obtained by EMDR.

Keywords: Children, Phobias Processing Traumas

Accuracy Verified: Yes

404. Buscaglia, S. (2008, Julio 10). Tratamiento realizado con EMDR [Performed with EMDR treatment]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=454 om 1/4/2009.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR es un nuevo método psicoterapéutico para el tratamiento de diferentes problemas que pueden tener su origen tanto en experiencias tempranas como en cualquier tipo de situación traumática que se produzca en el curso de la vida, como abusos, depresión, trastornos de pánico, sobrevivir a catástrofes, etc. La información traumática queda bloqueada y provoca los síntomas de los distin-tos cuadros psicopatológicos. EMDR combina un abordaje cognitivo junto con un abordaje neurofisiológico, la estimulación bilateral sensorial. Esta consiste en movimientos oculares, sonidos alternados o palmoteo en las manos, lo cual produce un aceleramiento y desblo-queo de las funciones de procesamiento de la información en el cerebro, lo que lleva al alivio de los síntomas y a tener una nueva mirada sobre la vida, al poder usar las experiencias vividas como aprendizaje para el buen manejo de la realidad. A continuación se presentarán dos viñetas de tratamientos para ejemplificar cómo se trabaja con el modelo EMDR.

EMDR is a new psychotherapeutic method for the treatment of different problems that can result from both early experiences as in any type of trauma occurring in the course of life, such as abuse, depression, panic disorder, surviving disasters , etc. Traumatic information is blocked and causes the symptoms of psychopathology differ-ent. EMDR combines a cognitive approach along with a neurophysiological approach, bilateral sensory stimulation. This consists of eye movements, alternating or clapping sounds in the hands, resulting in an acceleration-lock and unlock the functions of information processing in the brain, leading to relief of symptoms and have a new look life, to use as learning experiences for the proper handling of reality. Then it will present two vignettes to illustrate how treatment works with the EMDR model.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

405. Giusti, E., & Montanari, C. (2000). Trattamenti psicologici in emergenza con EMDR per profughi, rifugiati e vittime di traumi [Psychological treatments in emergency EMDR for refugees, refugees and victims of trauma]. Roma: Sovera Multimedia.

Language: Italian

Format: Book

Abstract:
Quando la violenza incontrollabile della natura o degli uomini si abbatte sulle persone, ci si trova sconcertati, costernati e spesso impreparati ad affrontare l'insieme dei disturbi post-traumatici originati da questi disastri. - La gestione dell'emergenza psicologica delle vittime - Le metodologie e tecniche per trattamenti immediati di sostegno specifico sono descritti per orientare i formatori del volontariato istituzionale e i professionisti del settore ad intervenire con maggiore efficacia ed efficienza.

When the uncontrollable violence of nature or human inflicted on people, you are shocked, dismayed and often unprepared to deal with all post-traumatic stress disorder stemming from these disasters. - The management of the emergency psychological victims - The methodologies and techniques for immediate treatment of specific support are described to guide the trainers in the voluntary institutions and professionals to intervene more effectively and efficiently.

Keywords: Emergency Treatment Refugees

Accuracy Verified: Yes

406. Punamaki, R.L., & Peltonen, K. (2008). Trauma among children and adolescents: Treatments and interventions. European Trauma Bulletin, 15(2), 3-13.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:

Keywords: Adolescents Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

407. Mevissen, L., & Lievegoed, R. (2010, June). Trauma and institutionalization - EMDR: A tool to cure, relieve or prevent. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Because of their vulnerability children as well as adults with developmental disorders are supposed to be at greater risk to suffer from the disruptive effects of trauma or cumulating negative life events. Resulting psychopathology or behavioral problems might bring them into contact with institutional psychiatric or educational care. On the basis of four video-illustrated clinical vignettes various aspects according the use of EMDR are discussed. Institutionalization in itself can be traumatizing as shown by EMDR treatment of an adult with autism and traumatic memories of being outplaced and long-term isolated. Outplacement might be a consequence of untreated trauma. EMDR can relieve suffering as shown by the treatment of a 12-year old boy with behavioral problems who's family ties were broken. Outplacement can be traumatic and as a consequence block personal growth as illustrated by the case of a 48-year old man with mild to moderate intellectual disability and autism, who had been institutionalized at the age of 8. Desperate parents regain educational skills by using a combination of EMDR and intensive psychiatric family support as illustrated by the case of an 8 years old girl with supposed multi-complex developmental disorder (McDD). Adaptations of the standard protocol might be necessary when using EMDR in patients with psychiatric disorders as shown in two of the cases that will be presented. As posttraumatic stress symptoms can be manifested differently in this population there is a risk of diagnostic errors. Learning objectives: Participants take note of possibilities to make EMDR beneficial to the institutionalized population; are able to identify adaptations to the EMDR protocol required by particular needs of clients with developmental disorders; are able to use EMDR to help parents to overcome the trauma of having a child with developmental disorders; become aware of nonspecific symptoms of trauma in this special population.

Keywords: Institutionalization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

408. Bumke, P. (2011, June). Trauma centered psychotherapy and EMDR in a humanitarian mass disaster: Evaluating the ACEH experience. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In a project carried out by Trauma Aid-HAP Germany between 2007 and 2009 and sponsored by Terre des Hommes and the German Official Development Assistance more than 3200 adult and child clients were treated for mental disorders related to traumatic experiences after the Tsunami in 2004 and the civil war in Aceh/ Indonesia. An accompanying monitoring and research component provided detailed diagnostic data before and after therapy. This guided both the therapeutic process, and the training process in psychotraumatology. Also with this component the long term effectiveness of the interventions was assessed. In turn these findings were related to various traumatic events, socio-economic conditions and other non-psychological factors that influenced therapy outcome. Particular attention was paid to a variety of cultural implications entailed in using therapies such as EMDR in a non-Western, deeply religious and traditional context. Main results, implications for further research and future intervention strategies will be addressed.

Keywords: ACEH Disasters Keynote Plenary

Accuracy Verified: Yes

409. Lupo, W. (2007, Novembro). Trauma e trastorno disociativo: Estudio de caso [Trauma and dissociative disorder: Case study]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Resumen del trabajo: Trata de una paciente mujer, de 38 años de edad, en tratamiento desde el mes de abril de este año. Había realizado tres tratamientos psicoterapéuticos en los últimos años, considera que su psicoterapia actual está estancada y quiere hacer EMDR para trabajar sus síntomas y traumas del pasado que afectan la relación con su marido e hijas.

Summary of work: It is about a patient women 38 years of age, treated from April this year. He had made three psychotherapeutic treatments in the past years, sees his current therapy is stuck and want to do EMDR to work their symptoms and past traumas that affect relationship with her husband and daughters.

Keywords: Case Study Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

410. Scharloo, A., & Coppens, L. (2010, Apirl). Trauma treatment after sexual abuse for people with developmental disabilities. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociaion Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Trauma treatment after sexual abuse for people with developmental disabilities People with disabilities have an increased vulnerability to experience violence and abuse. Also they have more negative experiences in general and are more often treated in an unpleasant manner. They are therefore at greater risk to develop trauma. Beside that they have fewer capacities to cope with traumatic experiences in a healthy way. For a long time it was thought that people with developmental disabilities couldn’t profit from psychotherapy. Still people with developmental disabilities are being told that they can’t get treatment. In this workshop we will show that psychotherapy is very well possible for people with developmental disabilities and we will show how adjustments can be made to the regular approach to meet the special needs of these people. We will explain that to meet these needs a broader scope is necessary which include therapeutic interventions towards key persons and organizations in their lives. We will introduce two women with mental disabilities who both have been sexually abused. We will tell about the therapy in which we used this broader approach (involving parents, group counselor, church) combined with EMDR, solution focused therapy methods, cognitive behavioral techniques and creative techniques.
Learning Outcomes Participants will know that trauma treatment is possible for people with developmental disabilities. Participants will know adjustments can be made to the regular approach to meet the special needs of people with developmental disabilities. Participants will know how to involve key persons from the network of the developmentally disabled client in order to make trauma treatment work well.

Keywords: Developmental Disabilities Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

411. Chemtob, C. (2001, June). Trauma, culture, and public health. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The field of trauma has made significant strides in the past quarter century. It is now recognized that trauma is a "behavioral toxin" associated wuth a number of significant deleterious psychological and physical consequences for health. A public health informed approach to trauma must address the cultural context in which victimization occurs and must address its cultural roots. In order to achieve our public health agenda, it will be critical to develop conceptual and methodological frameworks requisite to develop knowledge to address trauma's impact on populations.

Keywords: Health Public Health Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

412. Gelbach, R. A. (2008). Trauma, research, and EMDR: A disaster responder's wish list. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 146-155. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.146.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Disasters, both natural and "man-made", affect a large portion of the Earth's population and can be expected to increase in intensity over the coming decades. The impact of disasters on mental health of affected populations is substantial and likely to be insufficiently addressed in the overall context of disaster response. While successful mental health intervention has been demonstrated in a variety of cases, including through the use of EMDR treatment, this problem needs more attention. Effective mental health response will be greatly supported by increased research on questions related to the incidence, form, and prognosis of disaster-generated traumatic stress, as these are affected by type of disaster, culture of affected population, sociological conditions, and neuropsychological factors, and the interactions among these. A brief summary of desirable research is presented that could help responders meet these challenges. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Disaster Disaster-Response Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

413. Zampieri, A. J., Zampieri, M. J., & Godoy, M. F. (2012, Novembro). Trauma: Estudo comparativo de sessão única entre psicoterapia da fala e EMDR [Trauma: A comparative study between single-session psychotherapy and EMDR speech]. In comunicações de pesquisa. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introdução: Flashback, sono e autoestima perturbados, reatividade e agressividade, são efeitos de traumas. Prejudicam a vida pessoal e social. Dilatam a demanda em psicoterapia desafiando a rede publica de saúde. Novas saídas fazem-se urgentes, que antecipem e melhorem efeitos curativos. Desde 87 na Califórnia, Francine Shapiro criou a Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, ou simplesmente Psicoterapia por Reprocessamento de Informações, inspirada nos movimentos oculares típicos do sono REM. Método: Estudo comparativo entre efeitos de psicoterapia com ou sem recursos do EMDR, aplicando as escalas Beck para ansiedade, depressão e desesperança, e uma escala de impacto de eventos, antes e após uma sessão. Aos sujeitos do grupo experimental foi aplicado o protocolo padrão de EMDR e para os do grupo controle, o método da psicoterapia da fala. Resultados: A análise estatística demonstrou que, embora o estado inicial dos sujeitos de ambos os grupos fosse o mesmo, houve diferença significante nos resultados, na comparação pós-intervenção, para todos os itens pesquisados. O grupo de sujeitos atendidos em psicoterapia por EMDR apresentou pontuação final muito abaixo da inicial para ansiedade (p < 0,0001), depressão (p < 0,0001), desesperança (p = 0,0001) e impacto de eventos (p = 0,0083), em relação àqueles atendidos pela terapia da fala. Conclusão: A psicoterapia com EMDR é adequada para tratamento de situações traumáticas, e apresenta resultados expressivos desde a primeira sessão sobre o impacto do evento e sintomas de ansiedade, depressão, desesperança. Pelos resultados e agilidade deve ser cogitada para grandes demandas tais como na rede pública de saúde.

Introduction: Flashback, disturbed sleep and self-esteem, aggression and reactivity, are effects of trauma. Affect the personal and social life. Dilate demand in psychotherapy defying public health network. New outlets are made urgent that anticipate and improve curative effects. From 87 in California, Francine Shapiro created the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, or simply Psychotherapy for Reprocessing Information, inspired by the eye movements typical of REM sleep. Methods: Comparative study of effects of psychotherapy with or without features of EMDR, applying Beck scales for anxiety, depression and hopelessness, and a scale of impact of events before and after a session. The subjects in the experimental group was administered the standard protocol for EMDR and the control group, the method of psychotherapy speech. Results: Statistical analysis showed that although the initial state of the subjects in both groups were the same, there was a significant difference in results when comparing post-intervention for all items surveyed. The group of subjects treated with EMDR in psychotherapy presented final score far below the initial anxiety (p <0.0001), depression (p <0.0001), hopelessness (p = 0.0001) and impact of events (p = 0.0083), compared to those treated by speech therapy. Conclusion: Psychotherapy with EMDR is suitable for treatment of traumatic situations, and presents significant results from the first session on the impact of the event and symptoms of anxiety, depression, hopelessness. The results and agility should be considered for large demands such as in public health.

Keywords: Beck Depression Inventory Comparative Study Psychotherapy Speech Single Session Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

414. Huso, D. R. (2010, March/April). Treating child abuse trauma with EMDR. Social Work Today, 10(2), 20. Retrieved from http://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/032210p20.shtml 8/3/2010 .

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
EMDR has been successful in treating trauma from childhood abuse in victims and survivors young and old. With more than 3 million instances of child abuse reported annually in the United States and probably many more cases going unreported, social workers face an often daunting client list of children and adults who are or have been victims of abuse and neglect. Left untreated, these individuals’ chances of leading lives fraught with substance abuse, incarceration, unwanted pregnancies, and future psychological conditions are multiplied by many degrees. In the last two decades, however, researchers have made major strides in developing methods for treating victims and survivors of child abuse, including therapies that work as well (and in some cases better) with children as with adults. Among the most successful of these treatments is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a therapeutic process that uses eye movements, sounds, and repetitive motions to help clients process and come to terms with traumatic memories more quickly than talk therapy alone. And since many children and some adults are unable to verbalize traumatic experiences, EMDR can often provide the breakthrough that more traditional therapies can’t.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

415. Richman, S. (2008, June). Treating complex PTSD using EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Sandi’s workshop will provide a framework for treating complex PTSD using EMDR. It will first review the relevant characteristics of complex PTSD and then use this information to demonstrate EMDR case conceptualization and ways in which adaptive learning can be encouraged during the processing following adaptive linkage being made with dysfunctional memory storage. The workshop will also describe how to recognise dissociation during the EMDR phases and how to manage dissociation so that EMDR can proceed to the usual adaptive resolution of traumatic memories and ultimately, resolution of the individual’s complex PTSD. The workshop will be illustrated with case material.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

416. Keenan, P., & Farrell, D. P. (2000, June). Treating morbid jealousy with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing utilizing cognitive inter-weave: A case report. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 13(2), 175-189. doi:10.1080/713658482.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Keywords: Clinical Case Study Cognitive Techniques Empirical Study Jealousy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

417. Keenan, P. (2004, February). Treating non-psychotic morbid jealousy with EMDR utilising cognitive interweave. Presentation at the 2nd annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Birmingham, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Jealousy is an unwelcomed emotion, which most poeple will have experienced at some time in their lives. In its mildest form, it may be seen as an expression of devoion, however, for some people it can become obsessive and destructive (Mulle, 1991). The possible consequences of this very serious condition can result in suspicion, violence, and the complete breakdown of a relationship. This study highlights the case of man with a long-standing history of jealousy towards his partner. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) would suggest that jealousy was maintained by the person's erroneous assumptioms about sexual behaviour and attractiveness of their partner, a well as pervasive negative schemes of self worth. Any consideration for treatment therefore, needed to address both these areas. The treatment intervention of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) utilising cognitive interweaved was used to reduce the inensity of the jealous reaction. Results showed a marked reduction in the intensity of the emotion of jealosy, which lead to a reduction in the client's challenging and checking behaviours towards his partner. Results also indicate a clear reduction in the client's erroneous automatic negative and jealous thoughts. What is uclear is whether it was the EMDR therapy itself, or a combination of EMDR and other cognitive behavioural therapy interventions that brought about these reductions in symtomatology. Acknowledging the limitations of generalising from single case designs, consideration will be given to the need for further inestigation and research in to the application of EMDR with this client group.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Jealousy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

418. Grand, D. (2002, June). Treating survivors of the World Trade Center disaster with natural flow EMDR resorting. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Since the 9/11 attack, EMDR clinicians have been treating hypertraumatized clients aided by the Natural Flow EMDR model. This resourcing approach uses dilution of SUDS with positive body sensations, modified eye movements, continuous auditory BLS, and self-administered tactile processing. This model draws from the creative flow of EMDR processing with "essential listening" and "no assumptions" leading to the clients' "essential truths" and healing resolution.

Keywords: 9/11 Disasters Natural Flow EMDR September 11th World Trade Center

Accuracy Verified: Yes

419. Rosen, G. M. (1999, January-April). Treatment fidelity and research on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 173-184. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00046-2.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing was introduced by Frances Shapiro (1989) as a treatment for PTSD. When controlled studies failed to support the extraordinarily positive findings and claims made by Shapiro, proponents of EMDR raised the issue of treatment fidelity and criticized researchers for being inadequately trained. This paper considers the issues raised by EMDR proponents. It is concluded that treatment fidelity has been used as a specious, distracting issue that permits the continued promotion of EMDR in the face of negative empirical findings. Clinical psychologists are urged to remember the basic tenets of science when evaluating extraordinary claims made for novel techniques. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

420. Coste, L. (2007, June). Treatment of complex drivng phobia on the expressway (demonstrating the value of dreams, daydreams and metaphors through EMDR treatment). Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Here is the summary of the treatment of a complex phobia develop since 1 year by a 35 year old man who past brittleness symptoms, considered as a continuation of the parental separation, first appeared in adolescence. In fact, around this period, the malaises of the patient took various forms without releasing insurmountable fears.
Been born of Cameroonian father and a French mother, Mr. G. is the third child, two sisters preceding him. An abortion followed the birth of Mr. G. A few months after that event the parents divorced.
Mr., G. is living and working in a pharmaceutical and cosmopolitan environment. He met his English girlfriend 8 years ago in Spain, where they lived for 4 years. Mr. G. lives since 4 years in France, his birthplace. He frequently travels abroad. His resides in France 9 months. A year ago, Mr., G. met a woman that had tunnel anguishes too. Now, since his installation, Mr., G. complains about phobia on the expressway.
That began for the first time when he prepared himself to go by car from London to Marseilles. But arriving to Montpellier, a fear panic paralyzes him. He could not drive any more. His three year old girl sat down in the rear seat. And he said: “My girl will die.”
Besides, Mr. G. does not suffer from declared anguishes in other places or in other vehicles.
A treatment by medicines is followed since 5 months successfully.
My interventions have held, before each new session, taking into account the following originally: the content of dreams, referring to the psychoanalytic models; metaphors evolution through the “sure place” during treatment; the free expression of the patient after bilateral alternate stimulations, being able to evolve through awaken dreams, without systematic return to the target when the cognition-arborescence deviates lightly.
These three tools are excellent to prove and judge advances in therapy, because they constitute an ideal unconscious bottom revealed by the therapist is compared with the cognitions quoted by the patient, then discussed in order to obtain in the filed of future cognitions, the most adequate ones.
The first treatment being urgent, it is a matter to target priority the situation that releases the panic. The cognitions will evolve logically from the “one’s self esteem” to “the possibilities of choice.”
At the end of 9 EMDR sessions and three months of treatments, Mr. G. drives freely on the expressways. Consecutively, he did “the mourning” of his father and feels from that time the need to protect this mother.

Keywords: Daydreams Dreams Driving Phobia Metaphors Phobia Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

421. Cohen, A. (2009). Treatment of dissociation with EMDR when war interrupts the process: The integration of EMDR with e-mail therapy. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 50-56. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.50.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article describes the integration of e-mail correspondence with EMDR treatment for a woman with a fear of driving and a diagnosis of dissociative disorder, not otherwise specified (DDNOS). When the client first presented for treatment, her diagnosis was unrecognized, and treatment showed limited success. With recognition of the DDNOS diagnosis, the treatment contract was renegotiated, with the focus of therapy shifting to addressing her dissociative experiences. Therapeutic progress was being made when the course of the treatment was interrupted by war in the north of Israel, and regular meetings became impossible. Communication was maintained by e-mail correspondence. When face-to-face sessions recommenced, the e-mail therapy continued because writing had become a powerful therapeutic tool. Therapy concluded with the successful treatment of both the dissociative disorder and the fear of driving. Cautions regarding the use of e-mail therapy are provided.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorder Dissociation E-Mail Not Otherwise Specified War Writing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

422. Whisman, M. (2000, May 6). Treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will focus on key factors believed to contribute to the development and maintenance of OCD: a damaged, diffuse sense of self; a perceived inadequacy to function, to meet the vicissitudes of life; and an elaborate defence system designed to offer the illusion of safety and control (avoidance of affect and action). Given the prominence of cognitive distortions and avoidance of affect in OCD, and the impact of EMDR on such phenomena as exhibited in the literature about EMDR treatment with PTSD, Whisman believes EMDR has the potential to be quite beneficial in the treatment of OCD. EMDR seems to allow the OCD client to hold a dual focus: the illusion of the disorder and the reality of the self; and to tolerate the affect accompanying this processing. Bridging past experience and present behavior, EMDR appears to allow new connections to be made that offer the client a distance form the disorder and a strengthening of the self. A model for educating the client about OCD will be presented a model whcih develops a "language" between therapist and client and bridges self and disorder; changes in the standard EMDR protocol will be presented and demonstrated via videotape; and EMDR components such as targeting, cognitive interweaves, and resource installation will be addressed. Clinical observation and client self-report are pointing to EMDR as an effective treatment component for OCD.

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

423. Graves, A. L. (1993). Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Chicago School of Professional Psychology. AAT 9414735.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This work examines the effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on a 51-year-old PTSD patient. Using a multiple baseline design, the author compared EMDR with supportive therapy and a distraction technique. The author used the Impact of Events Scale (IES), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and electromyograph (EMG) readings as treatment measures. The study specifically addresses the eye movement component of EMDR as the crucial element of the inte