Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. Robertson, J. M., & Williams, B. W. (2010). "Gender aware therapy" for professional men in a day treatment center. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(3), 316–326. doi:10.1037/a0021163.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
High accountability men in the medical,
legal, corporate, and mental health
professions sometimes engage in behavior
that violates their fiduciary responsibilities.
These highly skilled men may
engage in disruptive or explosive behavior,
cross sexual boundaries with
clients or patients, abuse substances, or
have other psychiatric problems that
compromise their workplace performance.
When this occurs, licensing
boards, professional societies, or supervising
executives often require the dysregulated
man to seek assistance. This
article reports on ways the Professional
Renewal Center incorporates recommendations
from “Gender Aware Therapy”
in developing a male-friendly approach
to conducting comprehensive
multidisciplinary psychological assessments,
and to providing intensive, multimodal,
weeks-long treatment services.
Keywords: Assessment Masculinity Professionals Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Lovett, J. M. (2002, June). "Hospital trauma" in children: When hurting is actually helping. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
"Hospital trauma" may result when medical procedures are painful or frightening, making a child feel threatened or helpless. This presentation will describe three cases of trauma resulting from necessary medical treatment. Participants will watch videos of clinical sessions and view slides which demonstrate ways to integrate EMDR with stories, artwork, and play for treating "hospital trauma." Treatment is aimed at reframing painful and frightening medical interventiions as actually helpful and important. Participants will be able to trace behaviors to their traumatic beginnings and to use EMDR-facilitated stories, plays, and artwork to help children recover from "hospital trauma."
Keywords: Children Hospitals Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. 陈维樑 [Chen Wei-Liang]. (2008, 年10月[October]). 复杂哀伤,EMDR和“人格结构性解体”理论 [Complicated grief, EMDR and the "structural disintegration of personality" theory]. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress for Psychotherapy, Beijing, China.
Language: Chinese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the "Structural Dissociation of the Personality" as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various aspects of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the "Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality". The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different aspects of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. (Presented in English)
Keywords: Complication Grief Personality Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. シャピロ、フランシーヌ [Shapiro, Francine]. (2004). 眼球運動脱感作と再処理：基本的な考え方、プロトコル、および手順 [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures]. 大阪：Niheisha [Ōsaka: Niheisha].
Language: Japanese
Format: Book
Abstract:
"この雑誌は、この本の初版（1996年世＃4頁99〜100）の主要な貢献として賞賛した。この新しい版は大幅に拡大され、更新された、反対の一部の研究者は、EMDRしなければならなかったことは多くを解決。結果は恐怖症の治療に有用な補助ステップバイステップの歴史的、理論的、実用的な導入され、心的外傷後ストレス障害を投稿してください。"-初版臨床老年学者称賛、"この実用的な本が重要であるの決定的なプレゼンテーションとしてEMDR法....臨床医は、その詳細な説明をお迎えいたします....いくつかの事例や五注釈転写物はきれいにし、メソッドの機微を示していますセラピストのクライアントは、ロールを中心に"-現代心理学は"書き込みは一般的には明らかである具体的な手順とサンプルのフレーズを説明するために典型的なケースのイラストでバランスのガイドラインは....利点の説明は特別な注意が、可能性のある副作用の説明で全体のバランスが期待されるセラピストによって使用されるように、困難な集団が発生したと手続きバリエーションは必要ありません。"- プライベート実践心理の"非常に数年間で、EMDRも進められている数多くの追加のアプリケーションとの（心的外傷後ストレス障害のための最も広く研究治療に奇妙な音新技術から成長してきた)....数最近のではなく、説得力のある研究が正当かつ強力な治療法としてEMDR確立している"-専門心理学-レビュー
"This journal praised the first edition of this book (1996 XVI #4, pp. 99-100) as a major contribution. This new edition is greatly expanded and updated, addressing many of the objections that some researchers have had to EMDR. The result is a step-by-step historical, theoretical, practical introduction to a useful adjunct for the treatment of phobia and post traumatic stress disorder."--Clinical Gerontologist PRAISE FOR THE FIRST EDITION "This pragmatic book is important as the definitive presentation of the EMDR method....Clinicians will welcome its detailed explanation....Several case examples and five annotated transcripts nicely illustrate subtleties in the method and the therapist's client-centered role."--Contemporary Psychology "The writing is clear with general guidelines balanced by exemplary case illustrations to illustrate specific procedures and sample phrases to be used by the therapist....The description of the benefits to be expected is balanced throughout by descriptions of the special precautions, possible side effects, difficult populations encountered and procedural variations needed."--Psychotherapy in Private Practice "In a very few years, EMDR has grown from a bizarre sounding new technique to the most extensively researched treatment for PTSD (with numerous additional applications also being pursued)....A number of recent, rather convincing studies have established EMDR as a legitimate and powerful treatment."--Professional Psychology -- Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Wilson, S., Becker, L., & Tinker, R. H. (1995, June). 15-Month follow up of EMDR treatment for traumatic memory. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We previously reported on the outcomes of a controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
effectiveness in the treatment of traumatic memory (Wilson, Tinker, & Becker, 1994; Wilson, Becker, & tinker, in press). In that
study we found that three, 90-minute sessions of EMDR (Shapiro, 1995) "normalized the psychological functioning of the previously
traumatized participants (g = 80) on all dependent measures. The present study is a 15-month follow up of those participants.
I Method:
The research design is shown in Table 1. Participants were randomly assigned to EMDR or to Delayed EMDR conditions.
Pretreatment measurement occurred at measurement time TI. Participants in the EMDR condition received EMDR between T1 and
T2; those in the Delayed EMDR condition received EMDR between T2 and T3. All participants were tested immediately following
treatment and at 3 months following treatment (at T4). The 15 month, long-term follow up occurred at measurement time T5. An
independent assessor collected all of the following dependent measures: Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS; Wolpe,
1990), Impact of Events Scale (IES; Hmowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979), State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger,
Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R, Derogatis, 1992).
[Table 1. The Research Design,
Treatment Condition, Measurement Time:
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5;
EMDR Treatment: 01 x 02 03 04;
Delayed EMDR Treatment 01 02 x 03 04 05;
Note: T = Time of measurement; 0 = Observation; X = Treatment administered.]
II. Results:
Two analyses were performed to assess the impact of EMDR treatment at the 15-month follow up. First, in order to assess the
overall, long-term impact of EMDR, the 15-month follow-up scores were compared with the pretreatment scores. There was
significant improvement on all nine measures at the 15-month follow up: The multivariate effect was significant (Wilk's Lambda =.11, p<.0005) as were all nine of the univariate effects (all p <.0005). Second, in order to assess whether the improvement shown
immediately following EMDR treatment had been maintained over the following year the immediate posttreatment scores were
compared with, the 15-month follow-up scores. The multivariate test was nonsignificant (Wilk's lambda=.74, p=.079), indicating
the improvement shown immediately following EMDR was maintained 15 months later. The univariate analyses indicated
additional improvement for the PTSD symptoms of intrusions (IES Intrusion: F(1,56)=7.71, p=307) and avoidance (IES
avoidance: F_(1,56) -4.44, p=.040). None of the nine measures showed deterioration at the 15-month follow up. Prior to EMDR
treatment 45% (g= 9) of the responders had been diagnosed as PTSD, at the 15-month follow up only 7% (g = 4) were diagnosed
as PTSD (chi-squareo, N=61)= .72, p < .05).
III. Responders Versus Nonresponders at the 15-Month Follow up.:
At the time of writing this abstract, 75% of the participants (g=61) have responded to the 15-month follow up. In general,
measures taken prior to treatment did not differentiate responders fiom nonresponders. Responding at the 15-month follow up was
unrelated to age, gender, marital status or years of education, although the annual income of the responders (Mdn=21,500) was
higher than that of the nonresponders (Mdn = 14,750, Mann-Whitney U=372.5, p=.017). Responding or not at 15 months was
unrelated to the type of trauma experienced, whether or not the participants had been in therapy prior to EMDR treatment, or how
long ago the trauma had occurred. It was also unrelated to the severity of the trauma as measured by the pretreatment scores on the
nine dependent variables and to whether or not the participant met the PTSD diagnosis criteria prior to treatment.
A multiple regression analysis used the immediate posttreatment and 90-day posttreatment scores to predict whether or not the
participant responded at the 15-month follow up. Nonrespondents were more likely to be depressed at 90-days following treatment
than were respondents (R square=.O8, B=-.16, Beta = -.28, F_L1,71)=5.99, p=.017). No other variables entered into the
regression model. IV Discussiona and Conclusion, Tretement effects found immediately following EMDR treatment wer maintained or improved 15 months later and thee was a significant decrease in the number of participants diagnosed as PTSD at the 15 month follow up. The comparison of responders to nonresponders at the 15 month follow up showed that the nonresponders were more depressed than the responders, raising the possiblity that the present results may be favorably biased to some extent. The discussion will include the additional, subjective impressions of participants who did not respond to the follow up. Limitations of EMDR with this population will be discussed, including the influence of comorbidity, multiple traumas, retraumatization after treatment, and spontaneous recurrence of symptoms. V. References: 1) Derogatis, L. R. (1992). SCL-90: Administration Scoring and Procedures Manual II. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research. 2) Horowitz, M. J., Wilmer, N. & Alverez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Distress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209-218. 3) Shapiro, F. (1995), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures. 4) Speilberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. D., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. 5) Wilson, S. A., Tinker, R. A., & Becker, L. A. (1994, November). Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)Treatment for Trauma Victims. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL. 6) Wilson, S. A., Becker, L. A., & Tinker, R. A. (In press), EMDR, treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
Keywords: Follow-up Traumatic Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Shapiro, F. (2009, August). A 20 year update of EMDR clinical applications: What is the depth and scope of treatment?. Plenary at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In 1989, the seminal randomized controlled study on EMD appeared in the Journal of Traumatic Stress. However, by the time the first trainings began in the US in 1990, the principles now known as the Adaptive Information Processing model were guiding the development of the procedures and protocols, which in 1991, were officially renamed EMDR. All participants in these early trainings and in the years following were introduced to the hypothesis that most pathology emerges from unprocessed memories of earlier life experiences (AKA “small t trauma”) and that targeting and processing these experiences could provide the basis of efficient and effective treatment outcomes. These predictions have been supported in the widespread use of EMDR. Consequently, we have much to learn from examining these treatment effects, starting with the first published report in 1991 of the elimination of a delusional state, through the myriad applications that have been reported to date. This presentation will review a variety of these clinical reports and explore their implications for current and future EMDR practice.
Keywords: Plenary
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Barreda-Hanson, C. (2012, Septiember). Adaptación del EMDR y terapia breve centrada en el cliente para cambiar percepciones negativas y traumaticas [EMDR adaption of brief client-centered therapy to change negative and traumatic perceptions]. Presentación en la 70 Conferencia Anual del International Council of Psychologist(ICP), Sevilla, España.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
El estrés subsiguiente después de un traumatismo, representa un trastorno disfuncional – tanto interno como externo – que se manifiesta en alteraciones en el reconocimiento cognitivo y en los comportamientos, llevando además asociados síntomas somáticos, afloramiento de problemas inconscientes y ansiedades. Pues una de las características del estrés post-traumático, es precisamente la pérdida de equilibrio entre el mundo interno y externo de quien lo sufre. Por eso, ante la complejidad de las respuestas post-traumáticas, éstas se pueden catalogar en gran medida dentro de las perturbaciones psicopatológicas.
El estrés psicológico surge por una situación estresante “real”, externa, tangible y la reacción ante esta difícil experiencia, evoca un conjunto bastante universal y coherente de síntomas y respuestas que provocan reacciones primitivas relacionadas con temores inconscientes ante las amenazas a la vida, que hacen aflorar incipientemente fantasías e impulsos abrumadores. Los resultados son los pensamientos disfuncionales que conducen a las respuestas y a los comportamientos desadaptativos.
Objetivos: el taller está diseñado para proporcionar a estudiantes y profesionales de la Psicología – que trabajan o desean trabajar en esta área del trauma y el cambio de comportamientos -, la habilidad para utilizar eficaz y rápidamente intervenciones breves, que puedan poner en practicar incluso en casa. En el taller se estudiará la forma inicial de evaluar, tanto al trauma como a la clientela. Se trabajará la historia del trauma y se profundizará en sus consecuencias y en cómo diseñar las intervenciones breves para hacerles frente. También se centrará en averiguar qué cambios quieren los y las clientes a través de relatos y visualizaciones, utilizando una adaptación de las terapias EMDR y la Solución Enfocada tanto a crear el cambio deseado, como a mantenerlo.
En consecuencia el taller es de particular interés para quienes trabajan con personas que han sufrido cualquier tipo de trauma, o quienes perciben acontecimientos de la vida, experiencias, etc. que les afectan de forma negativa en su día a día. También es útil para las personas que sufren de TOC, sobre todo trastornos del pensamiento.
Los aspectos más útiles de las dos técnicas que se han adaptado junto con otras innovaciones de la autora, guardan relación con la creación de un ambiente seguro, no-traumático, que actúa rápidamente y que además, se puede realizar en casa sin peligro de consecuencias negativas.
Objetivos específicos:
1. Ser capaz de describir e identificar las manifestaciones del trauma.
2. Aprender y describir dos técnicas terapéuticas breves en el tratamiento del trauma
3. Definir una técnica breve terapéutica que puede ser utilizada para fomentar el cambio
4. Destacar el rol del o de la terapeuta durante el tratamiento de los traumatismos
5. Ser capaz de describir, diseñar y establecer metas de la terapia y promover cambios mediante el uso de técnicas de terapia breve.
Métodos: la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR), es un método complejo e integrador de la psicoterapia individual, mediante el que se guía al cliente utilizando un procedimiento para acceder a sus experiencias y resolver sus problemas conductuales y emocionales. El EMDR utiliza elementos de múltiples orientaciones psicoterapéuticas tanto psicodinámicas, como cognitivo- conductuales, enfoques centrados en el cliente, gestalt y bioenergéticos.
La premisa subyacente de EMDR es que las experiencias de pánico y ansiedad se procesan de forma diferente por el cerebro que las experiencias habituales. La teoría subyacente es que durante el estrés, la memoria grava en una parte del cerebro responsable de las emociones de modulación (la amígdala) y se cierra temporalmente otra parte del cerebro (el hipocampo), responsable de procesamiento de la memoria normal. La experiencia traumática queda atrapada en el exterior y potencialmente no forma parte del procesamiento normal del cerebro, y el EMDR permite a la persona acceder a la experiencia y transformarla en memoria declarativa en el hipocampo. Con el método EMDR, el hipocampo se puede abrir a las emociones evocadas por la experiencia para que el/la cliente pueda soportarlas mientras se realiza el tratamiento. La distracción y la atención a la estimulación bilateral, desempeñan un importante papel que ayuda al cliente a experimentar las emociones como tolerables. Aunque cómo la distracción bilateral en concreto, facilita el procesamiento de las experiencias dolorosas, sea algo que todavía no se termina de entender.
Por otra parte, las Intervenciones Breves de Terapias enfocadas al Cliente se centran en las excepciones del problema, pensando que a continuación se desarrollará un cambio natural en el comportamiento. Es una especie de visión orientada no en las formas tradicionales, sino hacia el futuro, sin profundizar demasiado en la “patología” sino más bien centrándose en lo que el sistema puede hacer para adaptarse a ella, puesto que ambos pueden decidir si esa “patología” es un problema o no lo es.
Las Intervenciones de Terapia Breve enfocadas al Cliente se utilizan para resolver una variedad de problemas de comportamientos y actitudes, mediante el uso de los propios recursos de los y las clientes y las observaciones de las estrategias que utilizan para alcanzar los resultados deseados, en sus situaciones vitales habituales. Se trata de una buena técnica para establecer y mantener un contexto de cambio en el que los pequeños, pero útiles cambios, se anticipan y se buscan.
En definitiva, la combinación de ambas técnicas con algunas variaciones desarrolladas por la Dra. Barreda-Hanson, han demostrado ser una herramienta poderosa para mejorar la respuesta al tratamiento en un período de tiempo más corto, teniendo también la ventaja de permitir practicar los ejercicios en casa.
Aplicaciones: la aplicación habitual del EMDR ha sido el tratamiento de trastornos emocionales relacionados con eventos muy perturbadores o traumáticos. Pero también se usa para trabajar síntomas preocupantes como la ansiedad, la depresión, la culpa y la ira. E igualmente, se puede utilizar para mejorar recursos emocionales tales como la confianza y la autoestima.
Procedimientos:
- El taller se impartirá en español y el alumnado recibirá amplios folletos complementarios.
- Se realizará en una única jornada, en sesión de mañana para teoría y de tarde para prácticas, trabajando cada modelo por separado.
- Se espera que quienes asistan lleven una cuestión-problema sobre la que trabajar utilizando las diversas técnicas, pues aunque se utilizarán múltiples ej. de casos reales, se alentará a quienes participen a traer sus propias experiencias e ideas para debatir y trabajar sobre ellas.
The subsequent stress after trauma represents a dysfunctional disorder - internal and external - that is manifested in alterations in cognitive recognition and behavior, besides being associated somatic symptoms outcrop unconscious problems and anxieties. As one of the characteristics of post-traumatic stress, is the loss of balance between internal and external world of the sufferer. Therefore, given the complexity of post-traumatic responses, they can be categorized largely into psychopathological disturbances.
Psychological stress arises from a stressful situation "real" external, tangible and reaction to this difficult experience, quite evokes a universal and consistent set of symptoms that cause reactions and responses primitive unconscious fears related to threats to life, which bring out fantasies and impulses incipiently overwhelming. The results are the thoughts that lead to dysfunctional responses and maladaptive behaviors.
Objectives: The workshop is designed to provide students and psychology professionals - who work or want to work in this area of trauma and behavior change - the ability to quickly and efficiently use brief interventions, which may put in practice even in house. The workshop will explore how to evaluate initial both trauma as to clients. It will work history of trauma and its consequences will deepen and how design brief interventions to address them. It will also focus on finding out what changes customers want and through stories and views, using an adaptation of EMDR therapy and Solution Focused both to create the desired change, and to keep it.
Thus the workshop is of particular interest to those working with people who have suffered any kind of trauma, or who perceive life events, experiences, etc.. that negatively affect them in their day to day. Also useful for persons suffering from OCD, especially disorders of thought.
The most useful of the two techniques that have adapted along with other innovations of the author, are related to the creation of a safe, non-traumatic, acting quickly and also can be done at home without fear of consequences negative.
Specific objectives:
1. Be able to describe and identify the manifestations of trauma.
2. Learn and describe two brief therapeutic techniques in the treatment of trauma
3. Define a short therapeutic technique that can be used to promote change
4. Outline the role of the therapist or during treatment of injuries
5. Be able to describe, design and establish goals of therapy and promote change through the use of brief therapy techniques.
Methods: Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement (EMDR), is a complex and inclusive method of individual psychotherapy, which is guided by the client using a procedure to access their experiences and address their behavioral and emotional problems. The EMDR uses multiple elements of both psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approaches as cognitive-behavioral, client-centered approaches, gestalt and bioenergy.
The underlying premise of EMDR is that experiences panic and anxiety are processed differently by the brain than normal experiences. The underlying theory is that during stress, gravel memory part of the brain responsible for emotions modulation (amygdala) and temporarily closes another part of the brain (hippocampus), responsible for normal memory processing. The trapped traumatic experience abroad and potentially not part of the normal brain processing, and EMDR allows people access to the experience and transform it into declarative memory in the hippocampus. With EMDR, the hippocampus can be opened to the emotions evoked by the experience that he / the client is able to bear while performing the treatment. Distraction and attention to bilateral stimulation, play an important role to help the client to experience emotions as tolerable. Although bilateral distraction how specifically facilitates the processing of painful experiences, is something that is not yet fully understood.
Moreover, brief interventions focused Customer Therapies focus on the exceptions of the problem, thinking that then will develop a natural change in behavior. It is a kind of non-oriented view on traditional forms, but to the future, without going too deeply into the "pathology" but rather focus on what the system can do to adapt to it, since both can decide whether this "pathology "is a problem or not.
Brief therapy interventions focused Customer are used to solve a variety of problem behaviors and attitudes, using their own resources and comments from customers and the strategies used to achieve the desired results in their situations normal life. This is a good technique to establish and maintain a context of change in that small but useful changes, anticipate and seek.
In short, the combination of both techniques with some variations developed by Dr. Barreda Hanson, have proved a powerful tool for improving the response to therapy in a shorter period of time, having also the advantage of allowing in practice exercises house.
Applications: the routine application of EMDR has been the treatment of emotional disorders associated with very disturbing or traumatic events. But also used to work worrying symptoms such as anxiety, depression, guilt and anger. And also, can be used to enhance emotional resources such as confidence and self-esteem.
Procedures:
- The workshop will be taught in Spanish and students will receive extensive additional brochures.
- Will be held in a single day, in morning session and afternoon theory to practice, working each model separately.
- Who are expected to attend with a question-problem on which to work using various techniques, for example, although multiple use. real cases, those involved are encouraged to bring their own experiences and ideas to discuss and work on them.
Keywords: Brief Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Shapiro, F. (2003, September). Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The model was
formulated to describe clinical phenomena observed in EMDR, successfully
predict treatment effects, and guide clinical practice. These principles, along with EMDR protocols, and procedures will be used to evaluate
various trends in EMDR clinical practice. Clinical cases and questions collected from particlpants will be used to illustrate the ways in which EMDR can be applied.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents Cognitive Processes AIP Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Females Integrative Psychotherapy Memories Plenary Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Shapiro, F. (2005, June). Adaptive information processing and case conceptualization. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is guided by the Adaptive Information Processing paradigm, which
differentiates it from other forms of psychotherapy. The model was
formulated to describe clinical phenomena observed in EMDR, successfully
predict treatment effects, and guide clinical practice. These principles,
along with EMDR protocols and procedures will be used to discuss a wide
range of clinical applications, ranging from acute through chronic and
complex conditions.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adolescents AIP Cognitive Processes Family Systems Therapy Females Integrative Psychotherapy Keynote Memories Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Concept
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. New South Wales Court of Appeals. (1995, December). Admissibility of evidence from hypnosis or EMDR. Law Society Journal, 33(11), 16.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
As a result of the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal's decision in R v Tillott & Ors on 1 September 1995 it has become important to provide procedural guidelines for obtaining evidence of witnesses who have undergone hypnosis or Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy.
The guidelines for hypnosis, now also applicable to EMDR, are not a strict test of admissibility - or a requirement - but failure to comply with the guidelines may result in the court declining to admit such evidence, whether proffered by the Crown or from a witness for the defence.[Source abstract]
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Broad, R. D. & Wheeler, K. (2006, May). An adult with childhood medical trauma treated with psychoanalytic psychotherapy and EMDR: A case study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(2), 95-105. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2006.00058.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Problem: Adverse childhood experiences have been found to be a strong predictor of emotional and physical problems in adulthood. However, the long-term sequelae for children who have suffered critical illness and exposure to invasive medical procedures are less well documented. Methods: This is a case study of an adult client who sought treatment for depression and attention deficit disorder. The psychotherapy treatment is discussed and the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is described targeting a memory of a medical trauma resulting from a tonsillectomy when the client was 8 years old. Conclusions: Significant healing outcomes were attained as a result of the therapy, i.e., decreased depression, less hypervigilance, and increased ability to concentrate, which resulted in the discontinuation of medication for depression and ADHD as well as significant improvement in overall functioning.
Keywords: Childhood Medical Trauma Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Adverse Childhood Experiences Depression Attention Deficit Disorder Early Experience Major Depression PTSD Psychoanalysis Childhood Development Clinical Case Study Empirical Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Giannantonio, M., Guzzi, R., Fernandez, I., & Ziveri, D. (2003, May). Advances in EMDR research – Qualitative analysis of EMDR – Efficacy for PTSD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Research on the efficacy of EMDR as a treatment for PTSD has concentrated its focus mostly on the measurement of quantitative variables. This approach facilitates the application of effective procedures of statistical analysis and the comparison of EMDR efficacy with other treatments. Conversely, important information is not reported like the different levels of efficacy in relation to individual characteristics. During this presentation, through the thorough discussion of 3 experimental cases treated with EMDR, we will review how different analysis tools (clinical interviews, biofeedback measures, tests, self-report, etc.) show evidence of different features of EMDR efficacy. The positive results achieved with EMDR treatment with these three subjects will be compared through biofeedback measures and self-administered tests.
Keywords: Efficacy Qualitative Analysis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Leeds, A. (2012, June). Affect phobias in EMDR therapy - developing affect tolerance capacities in client and clinician [Fobias afectivas en la terapia con EMDR -‐ El desarrollo de habilidades para la tolerancia afectiva en el cliente y el clínico]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Affect phobias may also be described as psychodynamic or dissociative
defenses or as ego state conflicts. When patients present with affect phobias and
fail to progress with standard EMDR procedural interventions, EMDR therapy can
still be effective when clinicians have the conceptual knowledge and perceptual
skills to recognize these defenses, and when they can make use of a flexible set of
advanced EMDR procedural stills for responding. EMDR trained clinicians must
also confront their own affect phobias and psychodynamic conflicts as they
experience a range of responses to their work with patients including
countertransference and vicarious traumatization that can disrupt their ability to
make use of their conceptual, perceptual and procedural knowledge and skills.
This presentation provides an overview of concepts from Short-Term Dynamic
Psychotherapy (STDP: McCullough, 1997, 2003) and the Theory of Structural
Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP: van der Hart, Nijenhuis & Steele, 2006) and
identifies procedures from Knipe (1999, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010a, 2010b,
2010c), Mosquera (2010, 2011), Mosquera and Gonzalez (2010), and Leeds
(2001), which clinicians can employ with cases involving affect phobia. We will
also consider how clinicians can be sensitive to and mitigate the potential impact
of their own affect phobias in their clinical work.
Las
fobias
al
afecto
también
se
pueden
describir
como
defensas
psicodinámicas,
disociativas
ó
como
conflictos
del
estado
del
yo.
Cuando
los
pacientes
presentan
fobias
al
afecto
y
no
avanzan
con
las
intervenciones
siguiendo
los
procedimientos
de
EMDR
habituales,
EMDR
aún
puede
ser
efectivo
cuando
los
clínicos
gozan
del
conocimiento
conceptual,
así
como
las
habilidades
perceptivas
para
reconocer
dichas
defensas
y
cuándo
puede
servirse
de
un
conjunto
flexible
de
habilidades
de
procedimiento
de
EMDR
para
responder
[ante
ellas].
Los
clínicos
formados
en
el
uso
de
EMDR
también
han
de
afrontar
sus
propias
fobias
y
conflictos
psicodinámicos
a
medida
que
pasen
por
una
variedad
de
respuestas
a
su
trabajo
con
pacientes,
incluidas
la
contra-‐transferencia
y
la
traumatización
indirecta
que
pueden
perturbar
su
capacidad
para
aprovechar
sus
conocimientos
y
habilidades
conceptuales,
perceptivos
y
habilidades.
La
presente
ponencia
ofrece
una
visión
del
conjunto
de
los
conceptos
de
Short-‐Term
Dynamic
Psychotherapy
(STDP:
McCullough,
1997,
2003)
[psicoterapia
dinámica
breve]
y
de
Theory
of
Structural
Dissociation
of
the
Personality
(TSDP:
van
der
Hart,
Nijenhuis
&
Steele,
2006)
[teoría
de
la
disociación
estructural
de
la
personalidad]
e
identifica
procedimientos
de
Knipe
(1999,
2003,
2005,
2008,
2009,
2010a,
2010b,
2010c),
Mosquera
(2010,
2011),
Mosquera
y
Gonzalez
(2010)
y
Leeds
(2001)
que
pueden
aplicar
los
clínicos
en
casos
de
fobia
al
afecto.
También
se
contemplará
cómo
los
clínicos
pueden
estar
sensibles
ante
el
impacto
potencial
de
sus
propias
fobias
al
afecto
y
cómo
mitigarlo
en
su
trabajo
clínico.
Keywords: Affect Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment (2001, April). Alert: EMDR - Psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people - early assessment briefs. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU).
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
Findings by SBU Alert,
Version: 1,
METHOD AND TARGET GROUP:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
PATIENTS BENEFITS, RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS:
Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS:
There are no economic assessments of EMDR. Limited data suggest that fewer treatments are needed to achieve the desired outcome with EMDR compared to other psychotherapeutic methods. This suggests that EMDR is a potentially cost-effective method in relation to the alternatives, under the assumption that the effects of treatment are permanent.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE:
There is moderate* scientific evidence to show the benefits of EMDR treatment in children and adolescents. There is no* documentation concerning the cost-effectiveness or effects beyond 6 months.
Since the scientific documentation is limited, the effects of EMDR treatment in both the short and long term should be compared in studies with other treatment alternatives, including standard treatment. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the method should be studied under Swedish conditions.
*This assessment by SBU Alert uses a 4-point scale to grade the quality and evidence of the scientific documentation. The grades indicate: (1) good, (2) moderate, (3) poor, or (4) no scientific evidence on the subject.
This summary is based on a report prepared at SBU in collaboration with Kerstin Bergh Johannesson, Lic. Psychol., Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala and has been reviewed by Prof. Mats Fredriksson, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
REFERENCES:
1.) Cahill SP, Carrigan MH, Frueh BC. Does EMDR work? And if so, why? A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):5-33.
2.) Chemtob CM, Nakashima J, Hamada R, Carlson J. Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related PTSD: a field study. J Clin Psychol, in press.
3.) Chemtob et al. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In: Foa EB, Keane TM, Friedman MJ, eds. Effective treatments for PTSD. New York: Guilford, 2000.
4.) Devilly GJ, Spence SH. The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorders. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):131-57.
5.) Lovett J. Small Wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: Free Press, 1999.
6.) Macklin ML, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Berry NJ, Orr SP, Pitman RK. Five-year follow-up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat-related post traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2000;41(1),24-27.
7.) Puffer MK, Greenwald R, Elrod DE. A treatment outcome study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized children and adolescents. Presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Denver, June 1996.
8.) Renfrey G, Spates CR. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A partial dismantling procedure. J Behav Ther Experiment Psychiatr 1994;25:231-239.
9.) Scheck MM, Schaeffer JA, Gilette CS. Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. J Trauma Stress 1998;11:25-44.
10.) Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures. New York: Guilford Press, 1995.
11.) Stallard P, Velleman R, Baldwin S. Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents. BMJ 1998;317:1619-1623.
12.) Soberman GB, Greenwald R, Rule DL. A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. J Aggression Maltreatment Trauma, in press.
13.) Tinker RH, Wilson SA. Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with children. New York: Norton & Co, 1999.
14.) van der Kolk B. Biological response to psychic trauma. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York: Plenum Press, 1993:25-33.
15.) van der Kolk B, Burbridge J, Susuki J. The psychobiology of traumatic memory; clinical implications of neuroimagery studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997;821:99-113.
16.) van Etten M, Taylor S. Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 1998;5:126-144.
17.) Wilson SA, Becker LA, Tinker RH. Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65(6):1047-1056.
18.) Wilson SA, Tinker RH, Hoff.
Alert is a joint effort by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), the Medical Products Agency, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Federation of Swedish County Councils.
The complete report is available in Swedish only.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Guidelines PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. de Roos, C., & Went, M. (2011, April). Als woorden tekort schieten: EMDR bij preverbaal trauma [When words fail: EMDR for pre-verbal trauma]. Presentatie op de 5e jaarlijkse conferentie van EMDR Vereniging, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Infants (0-4 jarigen) kunnen allerlei traumatische gebeurtenissen meemaken zoals intrusieve medische handelingen, een ongeluk, seksueel misbruik en andere vormen van mishandeling. Daarnaast zijn er negatieve ervaringen die niet duidelijk identificeerbaar zijn zoals chronische oorpijn- of buikpijn. Ook deze ervaringen beinvloeden de ouder-kind interactie/ hechtingsrelatie en hebben daarmee hun weerslag op het vermogen tot emotieregulatie en het gedrag.
Herinneringen aan deze gebeurtenissen zijn preverbaal en dus niet op bewust nivo toegankelijk. Daardoor worden zij gemakkelijk over het hoofd gezien als mede-oorzaak of instandhoudende factor van emotionele of gedragsproblematiek in de basisschoolleeftijd. Na aanmelding bij de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg wordt behandeling daarom vaak gericht op de aanpak van de huidige gedragsproblematiek (symptoombestrijding). Onze ervaring is dat EMDR hier een goede aanvulling biedt. Deze methode richt zich immers op de ‘onderlaag’ van de problematiek door negatieve ervaringen die hieraan gerelateerd zijn te verwerken. Daarna kan een inhaalslag gemaakt worden met betrekking tot de emotieregulatie waardoor zowel gedrag als de ouder-kind interactie verbeteren.
Aan de hand van casuïstiek van infants en schoolkinderen wordt de indicatiestelling en toepassing getoond van het EMDR protocol bij de behandeling van kinderen die in de eerste 4 levensjaren getraumatiseerd zijn. In de presentatie wordt geillustreerd hoe de ‘verhalenmethode’ geintegreerd kan worden in een breder behandelaanbod.
Werkvorm
In de presentatie worden theorie en praktijk gecombineerd. Videobeelden ondersteunen het verhaal.
Infants (0-4 years), all kinds of traumatic experience as intrusive medical procedures, accidents, sexual abuse and other forms ofof abuse . There are also negative experiences that are not clearly identifiable as chronic ear pain or abdominal pain. These experiences affect the parent-infant interaction / attachment relationship and thus have their impact on the capacity for emotion regulation and behavior.
Memories of these events are preverbal and not accessible on a conscious level. Thus they are easily overlooked as a cause or co-maintaining factor of emotional or behavioral problems in primary school. After reporting to the Mental Health Treatment is therefore often aimed at addressing the current behavioral problems (symptoms). Our experience here is that EMDR provides a good addition. This method is focused on the 'layer' of the problem by negative experiences related to this process. Then caught up with regard to both behavior and emotion regulation allowing the parent-child interactions improve.
Through case studies of infants and schoolchildren being shown the indication and application of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of children who are traumatized life on April 1. The presentation illustrated how the 'stories'method can be incorporated into a broader range of treatment.
Form
In the presentation combines theory and practice. Video images support the story.
Keywords: Infants Children Pre-Verbal Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Traumatology of grieving: conceptual, theoretical, and treatment foundations (pp. 153-182). Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Assessment Bereavement Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. Figley (Ed.), Death-Related Trauma: Conceptual, Theoretical, and Treatemnt Foundations. London: Taylor & Francis.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Death Traumatic Incident Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Lu, D. P., Lu, G. P., & Lu, W. I. (2007). Anxiety control of dental patients by clinical combination of acupuncture, bi-digital o-ring test, and eye movement desensitization with sedation via submucosal route. Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research, 32(1-2), 15-30 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The data presented in this article was collected after reviewing clinical findings gathered from using various anxiety control methods on apprehensive patients. We examined clinical applications of the eye movement (EM) component of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) on fearful dental patients who have histories of traumatic dental experiences. We also used Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT) to select the proper dosage of sedative to minimize the adverse side effects. For patients who did not respond well to EM, we used BDORT to select the proper sedative medication and its dosage. In certain difficult cases, we supplemented these techniques with acupuncture to augment the sedative effects. Findings were based on the clinical impressions and assessments of both the patients and the operating team. Results showed that EM, although effective in enabling patients to undergo non-invasive dental procedures such as clinical examination and simple prophylaxis, had only limited beneficial effect with invasive procedures such as extraction, drilling, and injections, etc. We also found that BDORT greatly reduced adverse side effects of sedatives such as hypertension, hypotension, hypoxia, tachycardia, bradycardia, nausea, and vomiting. For most apprehensive patients, we found that EMD and acupuncture combined with BDORT predetermined dosage for the submucosal sedation enabled these patients to undergo the complete dental treatment. The authors try to explain the mechanism of BDORT and EM in terms of visual awareness (or consciousness) and preferred patterns, where neurons in the brain respond to the actions and/or direction of movement. The authors believe that BDORT and EM could have better results if the persons performing BDORT have visual awareness and are focused on the task; whereas in EM, the patient's eye on the therapist's hand movements. A more focused approach via visual pathway will result in more favorable results in EM. Likewise, performing BDORT absentmindedly could lead to false results if visual awareness (or consciousness) is absent. "Preferred pattern" will arouse neurons in the brain to cause conscientiousness, and performing BDORT with 'open eyes' arouse the necessary visual awareness that is necessary for the successful performance of BDORT tasks
Keywords: Acupuncture Anxiety Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Dental Phobic Patients Pharmacological sedation Preferred Patterns Visual Pathway
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Manfield, P., & Shapiro, F. (2003). The application of EMDR to the treatment of personality disorders. In J. F. Magnavita (Ed.), Handbook of Personality Disorders: Theory and Practice (pp. 304-330). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Since its inception in 1987, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has evolved into an integrated approach to psychotherapy that synthesizes aspects of the major psychological orientations. As such, its comprehensive treatment effects span cognitive, somatic, and affective domains (Shapiro, 2002). Although most widely used to process single or multiple incident traumatic memories, it can be used effectively to treat many conditions. In this chapter, we describe the theoretical foundations of this approach and how it is used to treat personality disorders. A fundamental principle of the Adaptive Information Processing Model is that present disturbance and dysfunctional characteristics have their origins in past events; these antecedents, whether identified or not, can be processed to an adaptive resolution using EMDR. In treating personality disorders, the EMDR approach integrates procedures from many other orientations to stabilize clients and equip them to address their source memories. The accelerated processing of disturbing memories that takes place during EMDR makes it possible for clients to address and resolve their issues relatively rapidly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Personality Disorders Psychotherapeutic Processes Theories
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Sautai, G. (2007, Juin). Approche des patient poly-traumatisés par immersion EMDR [Approach of poly traumatised patients with EMDR immersion]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Certains patients présentent "traumatisme poly» ou «empoisonnement psychique» tel que décrit par Jacques Roques dans «Guérir Avec l" EMDR. "Souvent, il s'agit d'un environnement socio culturel a commencé pendant l'enfance. Sur la base de l'hypothèse formulée par Francine Shapiro que le traumatisme peut engendrer des «bloqué les réseaux neuronaux," nous supposons une mise en forme "pourrait se produire au cours de la petite période d'apprentissage.
Exposés à un traumatisme insidieux et répétitifs, un jeune cerveau Virgin Stores réseaux neuronaux liés à la vulnérabilité des enfants en tant que mécanisme de défense. Cela pourrait être obstrué par des perturbations répétitives créer une souffrance psychologique. En tant qu'adulte, ce réseau neuronal inhibiteur, stimulée par déclenchement d'exprimer des comportements excessifs et une forte émotion que nous avons appelé le «non adapté en forme» (NAF).
Nous savons combien il est difficile de prendre ce type d'intoxication »en charge des séances de thérapie EMDR traditionnels en raison de l'interférence des composants multimodal. Habituellement, ils participent émotions mixtes liés à la sécurité, l'estime de soi et le libre choix. Par conséquent, nous avons développé une modalité particulière: EMDR immersion qui est un cours intensif de 10 jours consécutifs de traitement par le patient. «L'objectif clinique est de traiter les dimensions de la croissance personnelle et le développement ainsi que l'élimination de plus de la souffrance» (Francine Shapiro).
Notre expérience comprend 24 patients avec un niveau élevé de troubles psychologiques liés à la NAF. Seuls les patients avec expérience dissociative échelle score inférieur à 25 ont été considérés.
Nous utilisons l'approche thérapie EMDR suivant les 8 étapes du protocole standard.
Nous recevons toute l'histoire chronologique du patient, «de la naissance à aujourd'hui», permet nous permet d'identifier une moyenne de sept objectifs principaux.
Pour être capable de transmuer la NAF à une résolution d'adaptation, nous introduisons un des noms de ressources notamment l '«archaïsme», définie comme «la partie de l'être humain en charge de Live principe de préservation."
Nous l'accès au réseau d'information dysfunctionally stockée par le biais des objectifs.
Nous stimulons le système de traitement de l'information et de la maintenir en forme dynamique avec tactiles et autres additifs stimulations bilatérales. Nous passons l'information par le suivi du processus de libre-association et de lancement des procédures pour s'assurer que la cible transmue à une résolution adaptative.
Comme mesure psychométrique et méthode d'évaluation, nous utilisons l'échelle PCL-S sur les traumatismes exprimé par le patient au début de MED immersion. Le score moyen est de 70 degrés avant l'immersion elle à 28 deux mois plus tard et à 26 six mois plus tard.
En ce qui concerne les résultats encourageants, nous décidons de partager l'expérience afin de mettre à jour.
Some patients present with “poly traumatism” or “psychic poisoning” as described by Jacques Roques in “guérir avec l”EMDR.” Often it is a socio cultural environment started during childhood. Based on the hypothesis formulated by Francine Shapiro that trauma could engender “blocked neuronal networks,” we assume a “formatting” could occur during the childhood learning period.
Exposed to insidious and repetitive trauma, a virgin young brain stores neuronal networks related to the child vulnerability as defense mechanism. That could get blocked by repetitive disturbances creating psychological pain. As an adult, this blocker neuronal network, stimulated by trigger express excessive behaviors and strong emotion we called the “Non Adapted Formatting” (NAF).
We know how difficult it is to take this “poisoning” in charge with traditional EMDR sessions because of the multimodal components interfering. Usually, they involved mixed emotions related to security, self esteem and free choice. Therefore, we developed a particular modality: EMDR Immersion that is an intensive, 10 consecutive days of therapy with the patient. “The clinical goal is to address the dimensions of personal growth and development along with the elimination of over suffering” (Francine Shapiro).
Our experience includes 24 patients with a high level of psychological disturbance related to the NAF. Only patients with Dissociative Experience Scale score less than 25 were considered.
We use EMDR therapy approach following the 8 phases of the standard protocol.
We receive the complete chronological story of the patient, “from birth to now,” allows allows us to identify an average of seven main targets.
To be able to transmute the NAF to an adaptive resolution, we introduce a particular resource names “Archaism” defined as “Part of the human being in charge of Live Principle Preservation.”
We access the dysfunctionally stored information network through the targets.
We stimulate the information-processing system and maintain it in dynamic form with tactile and additive alternative bilateral stimulations. We move the information by monitoring the free-association process and initiating procedures to make sure that the target transmutes to an adaptive resolution.
As psychometric measurement and method evaluation, we use PCL-S Scale on the traumatisms expressed by the patient at the beginning of MED Immersion. The average score is at 70 before Immersion it degrees to 28 two months later and to 26 six months later.
Regarding the encouraging results, we decide to share the experiment in order to upgrade it.
Keywords: EMDR Immersion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Viechtbauer, W. (2007, March). Approximate confidence intervals for standardized effect sizes in the two-independent and two-dependent samples design. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 32(1), 39-60. doi:10.3102/1076998606298034.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Standardized effect sizes and confidence intervals thereof are extremely useful
devices for comparing results across different studies using scales with incommensurable
units. However, exact confidence intervals for standardized effect
sizes can usually be obtained only via iterative estimation procedures. The present
article summarizes several closed-form approximations to the exact confidence
interval bounds in the two-independent and two-dependent samples
design. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to determine the accuracy
of the various approximations under a wide variety of conditions. All methods
except one provided accurate results for moderately large sample sizes and converged
to the exact confidence interval bounds as sample size increased.
Keywords: Confidence Intervals Effect Size Standardized Mean Difference Two-Independent Samples Design
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Haycock, R. D. (2009). Arming commanders to combat PTSD: A time for change – Attacking the stressors vice the symptoms. School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Arming Commanders to Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by COL Robert D. Haycock, US Army, 53 pages.
Just as war is not a new phenomenon, neither are the issues associated with the mental and emotional scars combat brings to those who fight a nation’s wars. Historically, the United States has assumed a reactive vice proactive posture as it relates to coping with the fiscal, and humanistic challenges that manifest within a nation at war, and those who experience the trauma of combat. The Army has proven slow to respond to the need to train and educate its leaders and instead has devoted vast capital on the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attacking the symptoms as they arise, vice attacking the stressors which cause the affliction. The invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan and the deployment of forces throughout the world to combat terror, however, have created conditions whereby PTSD is again in the lime-light.
This monograph examines PTSD from a historical perspective reviewing the manner in which the Army viewed, assessed, and treated those afflicted with PTSD as well its methods for training and educating those honored with the opportunity to lead these warriors in battle. This monograph highlights existing shortfalls in assessment, training, doctrine, and education as it relates to those commanding at the battalion-level.
The Army does not properly prepare battalion commanders for the complexities of coping with PTSD in their units nor arm them with the tactics, techniques, and procedures necessary to mitigate the effects of PTSD on the combat effectiveness of their units and the soldiers that fill the ranks.
The Army should implement more rigorous assessment programs for units deployed to identify those at risk of PTSD or demonstrating stress-related symptoms before the mental well-being of the soldier is dramatically affected and treatment becomes more difficult. Further, the Army should review and update existing doctrine and training techniques (Battlemind training) to focus specifically on commanders at the battalion level. The Army must demonstrate a linkage between doctrine, training and education, enhance efforts to consolidate PTSD resources for ease of access, and revise strategic communications procedures to reduce stigmas associated with PTSD. The Army must arm its tactical commanders with the tools to address the stressors associated with PTSD in order to preserve the force and ensure its effectiveness in the ambiguous and complex environment which appears to best characterize the way ahead.
Keywords: Combat Military Monograph Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Zabukovec, J., & Tetreault, L. (2007, September). The art of EMDR consultation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The functions of EMDRIA Approved Consultants include the provision of consultation and supervision. While consultation is not the same as supervision, there is some overlap and legal implications, with the ultimate goal being to ensure competent treatment of clients. This workshop will address methods to examine and assess the applicants’ developmental abilities regarding quality consultation, case conceptualization skills, as well as knowledge and ability to implement the EMDR treatment model. This workshop also seeks to build upon the skills that current consultants already possess, refining and upgrading their competencies in effectively assessing applicants in the above areas.
Keywords: Consultation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Gros, D. F., & Antony, M. (2006, August). The assessment and treatment of specific phobias: A review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 8(4), 298-303.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Specific phobia is one of the most common and easily treated mental disorders. In this review, empirically supported assessment and treatment procedures for specific phobia are discussed. Exposure-based treatments in particular are highlighted given their demonstrated effectiveness for this condition. The format and characteristics of exposure-based treatment and predictors of treatment response are outlined to provide recommendations for maximizing outcome. In addition, several other treatments for specific phobia are reviewed and critiqued, including cognitive therapy, virtual reality, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, applied tension, and pharmacologic treatments. The review concludes with a discussion of future directions for research.
Keywords: Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Forbes, D., Creamer, M., Phelps, A., Bryant, R., McFarlane, A., Devilly, G. J., Lynda Matthews, L., Raphael, B., Doran, C., Merlin, T., & Skye N. (2007, August). Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(8), 637-648. doi:10.1080/00048670701449161.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Over the past 2-3 years, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD) have been developed in the USA and UK. There remained a need, however, for the development of Australian CPGs for the treatment of ASD and PTSD tailored to the national health-care context. Therefore, the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health in collaboration with national trauma experts, has recently developed Australian CPGs for adults with ASD and PTSD, which have been endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In consultation with a multidisciplinary reference panel (MDP), research questions were determined and a systematic review of the evidence was then conducted to answer these questions (consistent with NHMRC procedures). On the basis of the evidence reviewed and in consultation with the MDP, a series of practice recommendations were developed. The practice recommendations that have been developed address a broad range of clinical questions. Key recommendations indicate the use of trauma-focused psychological therapy (cognitive behavioural therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in addition to in vivo exposure) as the most effective treatment for ASD and PTSD. Where medication is required for the treatment of PTSD in adults, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants should be the first choice. Medication should not be used in preference to trauma-focused psychological therapy. In the immediate aftermath of trauma, practitioners should adopt a position of watchful waiting and provide psychological first aid. Structured interventions such as psychological debriefing, with a focus on recounting the traumatic event and ventilation of feelings, should not be offered on a routine basis. [InformaWorld]
Keywords: ASD Guidelines Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (2007, February). Australian Guidelines for the treatment of Adults with Acute Stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Melbourne, Victoria: ACPMH.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health in collaboration with national trauma experts, has recently developed Australian CPGs for adults with ASD and PTSD, which have been endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In consultation with a multidisciplinary reference panel (MDP), research questions were determined and a systematic review of the evidence was then conducted to answer these questions (consistent with NHMRC procedures). On the basis of the evidence reviewed and in consultation with the MDP, a series of practice recommendations were developed. The practice recommendations that have been developed address a broad range of clinical questions. Key recommendations indicate the use of trauma-focused psychological therapy (cognitive behavioural therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in addition to in vivo exposure) as the most effective treatment for ASD and PTSD. Where medication is required for the treatment of PTSD in adults, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants should be the first choice. Medication should not be used in preference to trauma-focused psychological therapy. In the immediate aftermath of trauma, practitioners should adopt a position of watchful waiting and provide psychological first aid. Structured interventions such as psychological debriefing, with a focus on recounting the traumatic event and ventilation of feelings, should not be offered on a routine basis. [InformaWorld]
Keywords: Treatment Guidelines
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. EMDRIA Standards and Training Committee. (2002, June). Becoming an independent EMDRIA approved instructor. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop is designed for Approved Instructors in EMDR or those who plan to pursue this designation. Becoming an Approved Instructor in EMDR requires an even greater commitment to mastery of EMDR's processes, procedures, theories, and research. It also entails the skills necessary to impart this information, to untrained clinicians, in such a way, that allows them to responsibly practice. This workshop will cover the steps necessary to become an EMDRIA Approved Instructor. It will offer ideas for getting started, for meeting the new EMDRIA criteria, for developing instructional tools and for managing the course structure to maximizing success. A question and answer session will be available to help with specific questions.
Keywords: Approved Instructor Training
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Jordan, J., Titscher, G., & Kirsch, H. (2011, September). Behandlungsmanual zur psychotherapie von akuten und posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen nach ICD-mehrfachschocks [Treatment manual for psychotherapy of acute and posttraumatic stress disorders after multiple ICD shocks]. Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie, 22(3), 189-201. doi:10.1007/s00399-011-0148-8.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Angesichts der steigenden Zahl implantierter Defibrillatoren in allen Industrienationen wächst auch die Zahl derjenigen Menschen, die sog. Mehrfachschocks („electrical storm“, ES) erleiden. Häufige Beschwerden sind starke und ständig wiederkehrende massive Ängste, Panikattacken, Todesangst, Hilf- und Hoffnungslosigkeit, Depressionen, Nervosität und Gereiztheit, sowie Rückzugs- und ausuferndes Vermeidungsverhalten, Intrusionen, Albträume, Flashbacks, Schlaflosigkeit und die Unfähigkeit der Gefühlsempfindung sowie eine eingeschränkte Zukunftsperspektive. Da Menschen mit einem ICD häufig körperlich (sehr) krank und nach den ICD-Mehrfachschocks zusätzlich massiv verunsichert sind, scheint es wesentlich, dass die stationäre Behandlung in einer Einrichtung durchgeführt wird, die über eine enge Anbindung an und räumliche Nähe zu einer kardiologischen Abteilung verfügt. Basis der Diagnostik ist die klinische Anamnese und die systematische Exploration der traumatischen Situation und der resultierenden Beschwerden. Als zusätzliche diagnostische Elemente sollten testpsychologische Verfahren zur Erfassung der Kernsymptomatik zum Einsatz kommen (Angst, Depression, Traumasymptome). Zur Diagnostik sollte eine testpsychologische Untersuchung gehören, damit am Ende der Behandlung auch für den Patienten sichtbar wird, welche Veränderungen eingetreten sind. Im Mittelpunkt der stationären Behandlung steht die tägliche intensive Psychotherapie. In ihrem Rahmen finden Elemente tiefenpsychologisch fundierter Psychotherapie und verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierte Angsttherapie sowie kognitive Umstrukturierung und Elemente des EMDR ihren Platz. Eine Nachuntersuchung innerhalb von 4 Monaten nach den Mehrfachschocks ist angeraten, weil PTSD Symptome zuweilen erst mit großer Latenz auftreten.
In view of the inceasing number of implanted defibrillators in all industrial nations, the number of people who have suffered so-called multiple shocks (electrical storm, ES) also increases. Common complaints are severe and continuously recurrent massive anxiety, panic attacks, fear of death, helplessness and hopelessness, depression, nervosity and irritability as well as reclusive and uncontrollable avoidance behaviour, intrusions, nightmares, flashbacks, sleeplessness and the inability to show feelings and limitation of future perspectives. Because people with an ICD are often physically (very) ill and after multiple ICD shocks are additionally very insecure, it would seem logical if the inpatient treatment would be carried out in an institution which has close connections and is also spatially close to a cardiology department. The basis of the diagnostics is the clinical anamnesis and a systematic exploration of the trauma situation and the resulting complaints. As an additional diagnostic element psychological test procedures should be implemented to determine the core symptomatic (anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms). Psychological test procedures should be included in the diagnostics so that at the end of treatment it is obvious even to the patient which alterations have occurred. The core element of inpatient treatment is daily intensive psychotherapy and includes deep psychologically well-founded psychotherapy and behavioral therapeutic-oriented anxiety therapy as well as cognitive restructuring and elements of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). A follow-up examination within 4 months of the multiple shocks episode is recommended because symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder often occur after a long latent time period.
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Anxiety ASD Cardiology Depression ICD Shocks Internal Medicine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Manual
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Chen, L. (2008, June). Bereavement, EMDR & structural dissociation of the personality theory. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Poster Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized
history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the
“Structural Dissociation of the Personality” as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, & Steele complements each
other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based
on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various levels of structural
dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the “Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts
of the Personality”. The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from
different levels of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia,
anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment,
traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. [Note: Poster and Word Versions]
Keywords: Dissociation Personality Theory Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Christman, S. D., & Stieber, P. (2005, February). Bilateral eye movements lead to a neutralization of affective state. Poster presented at the 33rd annual meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, St. Louis, MO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Engaging in bilateral eye movements (EM) leads to increases in Stroop interference, improvements in episodic memory, and decreases in false memories in a converging semantic associates paradigm. These results are interpreted as reflecting EM-induced equalization of cortical activation and subsequent enhancement of interhemispheric interaction. Since increased right versus left hemisphere activation is associated with negative versus positive affect, respectively, it was hypothesized that EMs following a mood-induction procedure should result in neutralization of affect. Seventy three right-handed participants engaged in happy or sad mood induction procedures, providing mood ratings on a 1-9 scale, followed by 30 seconds of either bilateral EMs or, as a control, watching a dot change color repeatedly. Participants then supplied a second mood rating. Analyses of the Happy condition showed no mood differences after mood induction, with all participants yielding scores significantly happier than neutral. After administration of the visual condition, participants in the Colored Dot condition showed no change in mood. In the EM condition, however, participants showed a significant reduction in positive affect. Analyses of the Sad condition showed that the mood induction procedure failed, with participants reporting neutral moods after mood induction. Post hoc analyses of only those participants reporting sad moods after induction showed that participants in the EM condition exhibited a marginally greater neutralization of affect than in the Colored Dot condition. The results provide tentative support for the hypothesis that bilateral EMs result in neutralization of emotional states, reflecting an equalization of cortical activation in the left and right hemispheres.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation Eye Movements
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Rossello-Mir, J., Revert-Vidal, X., Obrador, P., & Cardell, E. (2007, June). Brief EMDR protocol versus bilateral stimulation in the treatment of spider phobia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR, that includes bilateral stimulation, causes the desensitization and reprocessing of traumatic memories, thus reducing anxiety, distress, fear, and other symptoms related with several anxiety disorders. Previous results show it is effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, panic disorder, public speaking anxiety, etc. Relying on some previous results we think that a brief EMDR protocol could be applied to relieve symptoms of specific phobias.
To investigate this issue, we study the efficacy of a new brief EMDR protocol in the treatment of spider phobia. Furthermore, our design tries to clarify the controversy about which components of the EMDR procedure are relevant for patient’s improvement. More specifically, we compare the effectiveness of our brief procedures with that of simple bilateral stimulation that is, without eye movements, which necessity to obtain therapeutic outcome has been questioned.
We randomly assign twenty volunteers, female university students with spider phobia to one of three groups. We applied the brief EMDR protocol to the first one and bilateral stimulation to the second one, being the third group the control one. To assess the effectiveness of both treatments, in addition to apply traditional questionnaires, we designed a specific emotional Stroop task in order to make use of this tool to evaluate, before and after each treatment, the selective attentional biases, that seem to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. We discuss the differences found in our results in reference to the controversy aforementioned and how they can help to understand the EMDR mechanism of action.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Brief EMDR Spider Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Nicosia, G. J. (1995, March). A brief note: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is not hypnosis. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 8(1), 69.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Argues that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and hypnosis are qualitatively different states of neurophysiological functioning. An experiment is reported in which the effects of EMDR on brain functioning of 3 Ss are examined. EEGs taken during EMDR for these Ss were within normal range, and did not differ from waking state EEGs, indicating that EMDR does not appear to produce the altered consciousness state associated with hypnosis or confabulation. EMDR memories may be more valid in the legal process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Electroencephalography Eye Movements Hypnotherapy Letter Neurophysiology Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Laliotis, D. (2009, August). Building on the basics: An EMDR refresher course. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This course is for EMDR therapists who would like to deepen their understanding of EMDR principles, protocols and procedures. Whether you feel the need for a review because you haven’t been using EMDR recently or you would like to enhance your active EMDR practice, this course is for you. From the three-pronged approach to applications of resource installation and cognitive interweave, you will come away from this course more confident in your ability to integrate EMDR into your clinical practice. You will see videotapes of real cases and will have an opportunity to discuss, in depth, case conceptualization and treatment planning issues and how to incorporate the informational plateaus of responsibility, safety and choices throughout the course of treatment. We will also address the unique demands of being an EMDR therapist and how to successfully navigate the inherent challenges of a powerful and effective psychotherapy approach.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Leeds, A. M. (1995, October). Case formulation: Strategies and criteria for selection of negative and positive cognitions in EMDR, adapted and updated. Author.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Originally a paper entitled "Case formulation: selecting positive and negative cognitions" at the Annual meeting of the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA March 1994, presented at the The process of selecting appropriate negative and positive cognitions can be a smoothly flowing preamble to an EMDR treatment session or it can be a complex search for an elusive quarry. In this paper, I will review the principles and rationale underlying the selection of cognitions in EMDR and will consider procedures to guide us safely past common problems. Most importantly, I will introduce the idea that the process of selecting cognitions can be greatly simplified and enriched when it is integrated into a case formulation approach.[1][Author abstract]
Keywords: Cognitions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Miller, P., McGowan, I., McLaughlin, D., & Paterson, M. (2010, April). Cessation of symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia following EMDR. Presentation at 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Background: Despite over a 100 years experience with schizophrenia it is still only a minority of individuals who make a full recovery. Schizophrenia is a severe enduring mental illness (SMI) and the weight of burden falls with regard to legal problems, stigma and life expectancy: life expectancy in this group of individuals is reduced by 10 years, mostly as a consequence of suicide.
Aim: The aim of the presentation is to highlight the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia. Using a case study approach we will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in relieving the symptoms of dissociative schizophrenia.
Case Study: In Patient ‘M’ using an EMDR paradigm integration was achieved using only outpatient therapy – 12 sessions, over the course of one year. Medication was used initially but made no impact on the psychotic phenomena; even when used within normally efficacious levels and duration. Naltrexone was used to help manage dissociation (Frewen & Lanius, 2006) and to facilitate Patient ‘M’ in engaging in EMDR. Patient ‘M’ is now nearly three years symptom free and medication free.
Conclusion: EMDR is effective in symptoms associated with dissociative symptoms.
Learning Outcomes By the end of the session participants will be able to; Gain an greater understanding of the clinical presentation of dissociative schizophrenia Discuss the potential of EMDR as a treatment option in patients displaying symptoms associated with dissociative schizophrenia
Keywords: Dissociative Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Wesselmann, D., & Potter, A. E. (2009). Change in adult attachment status following treatment with EMDR: Three case dtudies. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3),178-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.178.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Three case studies illustrate pre- and post-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) adult attachment status as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Two adult males and one adult female presented for outpatient therapy; all of them were categorized with an insecure or disorganized attachment status at pretreatment. All presented with symptoms of depression and anxiety and complaints regarding problems in their current marital and family relationships. The three patients received 10 to 15 EMDR sessions over the course of approximately 1 year, interspersed with talk therapy sessions for the purpose of debriefing and psychoeducation. The EMDR approach utilized all eight phases of treatment within the three-pronged approach. Following EMDR therapy, all three patients made positive changes in attachment status as measured by the AAI, and all three reported positive changes in emotions and relationships. This article provides an overview of the literature related to adult attachment categories and summarizes the effect of adult attachment status on emotional and social functioning. The rationale and scoring procedures for the AAI are explained.
Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Outcome Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Omaha, J. (1998, July). Chemotion and EMDR: An EMDR treatment protocol based on a psychodynamic model chemical dependency. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Chemical dependency is a pervasive and rapidly growing problem in western societies. Chemical dependencies means obsessive and compulsive use of legal and illegal substances that is not affected by adverse consequences resulting from their consumption and is further characterized by denial of the relationship between consequences and consumption, by tolerance for the chemical, and by symptoms of withdrawal when the substance is unavailable. For the purposes of this paper, legal and illegal substances discussed include alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, hallucinogens, and prescription medications.
Keywords: Chemical Dependency Chemotion Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Adler-Tapia, R. L. (2012, June). Child psychotherapy: Integrating developmental theory into clinical practice. New York, NY: Spring Publishing.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Children are often diagnosed and medicated without the consideration that their symptoms may actually be a healthy response to stressful life events. This integrative guide for mental health practitioners who work with children underscores the importance of considering the etiology of a child's symptoms within a developmental framework before making a diagnosis. By providing advanced training and skills for working with children, the book guides the therapist, step-by-step, through assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment with a focus on the tenets of child development and a consideration of the impact of distressing life events.
The book first addresses child development and the evolution of child psychotherapy from the perspectives of numerous disciplines, including recent findings in neurodevelopment trauma, attachment, and neurobiology. It discusses assessment measures, the impact of divorce and the forensic/legal environment on clinical practice, recommendations for HIPAA compliance, evidence-based best practices for treating children, and the requirements for an integrated treatment approach. Woven throughout are indications for case conceptualization including consideration of a child's complete environment. This book provides an integrative approach to child psychotherapy from the perspective of healthy development through the lens of EMDR.
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Knipe, J. (2008, June). The CIPOS method -- procedures to therapeutically reduce dissociative processes while preserving emotional safety. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is well documented (Maxfield and Hyer, 2002) that the 8-phase EMDR model is highly effective for clients who
are troubled by disturbing memories. However, clients who are dissociative often have great difficulty in
maintaining present orientation and the "dual attention" that is a necessary condition for processing. Dissociative
clients are highly vulnerable, during the EMDR Preparation, Assessment and Dissociation Phases, to becoming
disoriented and overwhelmed by the surprising intrusion of dissociated parts that bring intensely disturbing
images and other information. Since, with these clients, there is a greater risk of non-therapeutic dissociative
abreaction, it is very important to counter this risk with an increased emphasis on safety and containment of
affect. In this presentation, I will describe two procedures that can be helpful in making the healing power of
EMDR available to clients who have this kind of vulnerability. One is the BHS (Back of the Head Scale), a
procedure that can be useful in assessing a client’s moment-to-moment level of dissociation during a traumafocused
EMDR session. The other is the CIPOS (Constant Installation of Positive Orientation and Safety)
procedure, which is a method of slowing down processing, and carefully containing and controlling the
emergence of potentially overwhelming post-traumatic material. These methods will be illustrated with video
segments of a therapy session.
Keywords: Back-of-the-Head Scale BHS CIPOS Method Contant Installation of Present Orientation and Safety Emotional Safety Psycholgical Defenses Targeting
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. EMDR Professional Issue Committee (EPIC) (1991). Clinical exchange - Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Response and review. EMDR Institute, Pacific Grove, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
We are writing in response to a commentary published in the Clinical Exchange column in the August, 1991. In particular, we are concerned about how the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure was presented. In order to provide a balanced summary of the
development, procedures, and current uses of EMDR, we are offering the following comments in order to clarify some of the confusion or misconceptions that may have arisen as a result of
the aforementioned commentary.
Keywords: EMDR Professional Issue Committee EPIC Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Sharpley, C. F., Montgomery, I. M., & Scalzo, L. A. (1996). Comparative efficacy of EMDR and alternative procedures in reducing the vividness of mental images. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 25(1), 37-42. doi:10.1080/16506079609456006.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Nordisk Tidskrift för Beteendeterrapi: Data evaluating the effectiveness of EMDR suggest that, although it appears to be an effective treatment for many types of PTSDs, the major support comes from limited-subject case studies. To further investigate this issue, the relative efficacy (in comparison to simpler procedures) of EMDR for reduction of the vividness of subjects' memories was investigated in a non-clinical sample. Results indicated that EMDR was more successful than comparable techniques in reducing the intensity of subjects' mental images. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Australians Empirical Study Males Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. Wagstaff, G. F., Cole, J., Wheatcroft, J., Marshall, M., & Barsby, I. (2007). A componential approach to hypnotic memory facilitation: Focused meditation, context reinstatement and eye movements. Contemporary Hypnosis, 24(3), 97-108. doi:10.1002/ch.334.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Although hypnosis is now less popular as an interviewing technique in forensic investigations than it used to be, recent evidence suggests that some of the components of hypnotic interviewing might still be useful in the development of brief memory facilitation procedures. Two experiments are described which continue this componential approach to hypnotic interviewing. In the first experiment, the effects on episodic memory of a brief context reinstatement (revivication) procedure were examined together with a focused breathing meditation technique which shares similarities with traditional hypnotic induction. A second experiment investigated the effects of horizontal eye movements which some have also associated with hypnotic responding. Results indicated that a combined context reinstatement and focused meditation procedure was more effective than context reinstatement alone in facilitating memory for an emotional event without the increase in false positive errors familiar to more traditional hypnosis techniques. In contrast, an instruction to perform horizontal eye movements was not effective in facilitating memory and, when combined with a suggestion for improved recall, produced higher confidence in incorrect responses. Implications are discussed. [Abstract from author]
Keywords: Accuracy Confidence Context Reinstatement Eye Movements Forensic Hypnosis Hypnotism Interviewing Meditation Memory Memory Facilitation Testing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Singer, M. T., & Lalich, J. (1996). Crazy therapies: What are they? Do they work?. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
The relationship between patient and therapist is unique in important ways when compared to relationships between clients and other professionals such as physicians, dentists, attorneys, and accountants. The key difference is present from first contact: it is not clearly understood exactly what will transpire. There is no other professional relationship in which consumers are more in the dark than when they first go to see a therapist.
In other fields, the public is fairly well informed about what the professional does. Tradition, the media, and general experience have provided consumers with a baseline by which to judge what transpires. If you break your arm, the orthopedist explains she will take an X ray and set the bone; she tells you something about how long the healing will take if all goes well and gives you an estimate of the cost. When you go to a dentist, you expect him to look at your teeth, take a history, explain what was noted, and recommend a course of treatment with an estimate of time and cost. Your accountant will focus on bookkeeping, tax reports, and finances, and help you deal with regulatory agencies.
Consumers enter these relationships expecting that the training, expertise, and ethical obligations of the professional will keep the client's best interests foremost. Both the consumer and the professional are aware of each person's role, and it is generally expected that the professional will stick to doing what he or she is trained to do. The consumer does not expect his accountant to lure him into accepting a new cosmology of how the world works or to "channel" financial information from "entities" who lived thousands of years ago; or for his dentist to induce him to believe that the status of his teeth was affected by an extraterrestrial experimenting on him. Nor does the patient expect the orthopedist to lead him to think the reason he fell and broke his arm was because he was under the influence of a secret satanic cult.
But seeing a therapist is a far different situation for the consumer. In the field of psychotherapy there is no relatively agreed upon body of knowledge, no standard procedures that a client can expect. There are no national regulatory bodies, and not every state has governing boards or licensing agencies. There are many types and levels of practitioners. Often the client knows little or nothing at all about what type of therapy a particular therapist "believes in" or what the therapist is really going to be doing in the relationship with the client.
In meeting a therapist for the first time, most consumers are almost as blind as a bat about what will transpire between the two of them. At most, they might think they will probably talk to the therapist and perhaps get some feedback or suggestions for treatment. What clients might not be aware of is the gamut of training, the idiosyncratic notions, and the odd practices that they may be exposed to by certain practitioners.
Consumers are a vulnerable and trusting lot. And because of the special, unpredictable nature of the therapeutic relationship, it is easy for them to be taken advantage of. This makes it all the more incumbent on therapists to be especially ethical and aware of the power their role carries in our society. The misuse and abuse of power is one of the central factors in what goes wrong.
Questions to Ask Your Prospective Therapist
Ultimately, a therapist is a service provider who sells a service. A prospective client should feel free to ask enough questions to be able to make an informed decision about whether to hire a particular therapist.
We have provided a general list of questions to ask a prospective therapist, but feel free to ask whatever you need to know in order to make a proper evaluation. Consider interviewing several therapists before settling on one, just as you might in purchasing any product.
Draw up your list of questions before phoning or going in for your first appointment. We recommend that you ask these questions in a phone interview first, so that you can weed out unlikely candidates and save yourself the time and expense of initial visits that don't go anywhere.
If during the process a therapist continues to ask you, "Why do you ask?" or acts as though your questioning reflects some defect in you, think carefully before signing up. Those types of responses will tell you a lot about the entire attitude this person will express toward you - that is, that you are one down and he is one up, and that furthermore you are quaint to even ask the "great one" to explain himself.
If you are treated with disdain for asking about what you are buying, think ahead: how could this person lead you to feel better, plan better, or have more self-esteem if he begins by putting you down for being an alert consumer? Remember, you may be feeling bad and even desperate, but there are thousands of mental health professionals, so if this one is not right, keep on phoning and searching.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Perkins, B., & Rouanzoin, C. (2002, January). A critical evaluation of current views regarding eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Clarifying points of confusion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 77-97. doi:10.1002/jclp.1130.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR is an active psychological treatment for PTSD that has received widely divergent reactions from the scientific and professional community. This article examines points of confusion in the published literature on EMDR, including the theoretical, empirical, and historical issues around EMDR and placebo effects, exposure procedures, the eye movement component, treatment fidelity issues, and outcome studies. It also examines historical information relevant to the scientific process and charges of "pseudoscience" regarding EMDR. We conclude that the confusion in the literature is due to (a) the lack of an empirically validated model capable of convincingly explaining the effects of the EMDR method, (b) inaccurate and selective reporting of research, (c) some poorly designed empirical studies, (d) inadequate treatment fidelity in some outcome research, and (e) multiple biased or inaccurate reviews by a relatively small group of authors. Reading the original research articles frequently helps to reduce the confusion arising from the research review literature. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Jongedijk, R. A., Gersons, B. P. R., & ter Heide, F. J. J. (2011, Het Voorjaar). De behandeling van complexe ptss-patiënten: Traumagerichte therapieën [The treatment of complex PTSD patients: Trauma-focused therapies]. Presentatie op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam .
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Bij de behandeling van
complexe ptss-patiënten wordt niet altijd de evidence-
based behandeling toegepast, zoals die wordt
beschreven in de richtlijnen. Doorgaans is de
mening, dat stabilisatie het enige mogelijke is
vanwege gevaar voor psychische decompensatie.
Inmiddels is voldoende evidentie, dat traumagerichte
therapieën ook bij complexe ptsspatiënten
mogelijk en effectief zijn.
Doel: In deze bijblijfsessie zal worden
betoogd, dat evidence-based traumagerichte behandeling
bij complexe ptss-patiënten mogelijk en
wenselijk is. Aandacht zal worden besteed aan
moeilijkheden en mogelijkheden bij deze groep
patiënten.
Methoden: Na een algemene inleiding
over de richtlijnen voor psychotherapeutische
behandeling van ptss en over complexe ptss (R.
Jongedijk), zullen vervolgens presentaties worden
gegeven over drie evidence-based behandelvormen
voor ptss, te weten het Kort Eclectisch Protocol
voor ptss (kep; B. Gersons), narratieve exposure
therapy (net; R. Jongedijk) en eye movement desensitisation
and reprocessing (emdr; J. ter Heide).
Expliciet zal worden ingegaan op de moeilijkheden
en mogelijkheden van deze therapievormen
bij complexe ptss-patiënten. De aanpassingen in
de behandeling voor deze groep patiënten zal worden besproken. Na de voordrachten zal er tijd zijn voor vragen
en discussie.
Resultaten: Er is een duidelijk overzicht
gegeven van drie evidence-based psychotherapievormen
voor ptss. Voor de complexe groep
ptss-patiënten zijn de eventuele aanpassingen
aan de standaardprocedures van de behandeling
aan bod gekomen.
Aangetoond is dat deze behandelvormen
goed toepasbaar zijn bij complexe ptss-patiënten.
Conclusie: Evidence-based behandeling
van complexe ptss-patiënten door middel van
traumagerichte psychotherapie heeft doorgaans
de voorkeur. De deelnemer van de bijblijfsessie
heeft kennis genomen van drie evidence-based
behandelvormen voor ptss en kent de moeilijkheden
en mogelijkheden om deze toe te passen bij
complexe ptss-patiënten.
In the treatment of complex PTSD patients is not always evidence-based treatment applied as described in the guidelines. Typically, the view that stabilization is the only possible because of risk of psychological decompensation. Meanwhile, sufficient evidence that trauma-focused therapies even for complex ptsspatiënten possible and effective. Purpose: This bijblijfsessie will be argued that evidence-based trauma-focused treatment for complex PTSD patients is possible and desirable. Consideration will be given to problems and opportunities in this patient group. Methods: After a general introduction about the guidelines for psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD and complex PTSD (R. Jongedijk) will then presentations are given on three evidence-based treatments for PTSD, namely the short Eclectic Protocol for PTSD (kep; B . Gersons), narrative exposure therapy (net; R. Jongedijk) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR, J. Heide). Will explicitly address the difficulties and possibilities of this therapy are patients with complex PTSD. The adjustments in the treatment of these patients will be discussed. After the presentations there will be time for questions and discussion. Results: There is a clear overview of three evidence-based forms of psychotherapy for PTSD. For the complex group of PTSD patients, the adjustments to the standard procedures of treatment addressed. It has been demonstrated that these therapies are well applicable for complex PTSD patients. Conclusion: Evidence-based treatment of complex PTSD patients by trauma-focused psychotherapy is usually preferred. The participant of bijblijfsessie has noted three evidence-based treatments for PTSD and knows the difficulties and possibilities to apply it in complex PTSD patients.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. McCammon, S. L., & Allison, E. J. (1995). Debriefing and treating emergency workers. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized (pp. 115-130). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Chapter 6 emphasizes the importance of promoting trauma resolution and healthy coping strategies in emergency workers. Strategies that can be implemented before, during, and after a traumatic event are summarized. Pretrauma interventions include the use of a stress audit, training regarding stress and its management, and policy development.During a traumatic event, interventions include orientation to the trauma site, on-scene support, demobilization, and debriefing. Common elements among the several debriefing models described include the structuring of opportunities to review the events of the traumatic situation and to ventilate feelings, the learning of skills for integrating and mastering the event, and obtaining assistance in identifying, enlisting, and accepting help from one's support system. Post-trauma activities include individual follow-up sessions, the use of experimental procedures such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and attention to anniversaries of traumatic events. A decade of anecdotal reports testifies to the effectiveness of debriefing and provides helpful insights into working with emergency responders. Currently, research efforts are under way to assess systematically the impact of debriefing. Future research should address the mediating effect of emergency workers' coping behaviors and cognitions. [Introduction, p. xix]
Keywords: Adults Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing CISD Education Medical Personnel Prevention Emergency Personnel Self-Help Techniques Vicarious Traumatization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Bae, H., & Daeho, K. (2012). Desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing for an adolescent with internet addiction disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 73-81. DOI: 10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.73.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This case study reports the successful treatment of Internet addiction in a 13- year-old male using four
45-minute sessions of the desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing (DeTUR) protocol—an addiction
protocol of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; Popky, 2005). This protocol
uses EMDR procedures to process current triggers and positive future templates, but it does not identify
or directly address any past trauma. At baseline, the participant showed a moderate level of Internet addiction
(scoring 75 on Young’s Internet Addiction Test [IAT]) and moderate depression (26 on the Beck
Depression Inventory [BDI]). During assessment, he identified 7 triggers for Internet gaming and rated
the associated urge to engage in the activity with scores of 3–9 on the level of urge scale (0 5 lowest,
10 5 strongest). Using the DeTUR protocol, the level of urge for each trigger was reduced to 2, which
the participants defined as “not being able to think about or crave for the game.” After treatment, his
symptoms had declined to nonclinical levels (38 on IAT and 6 on BDI) and he was able to restrict his
time on the Internet to an hour per day. These therapeutic gains were maintained at 6- and 12-month
follow-up. The DeTUR may be a good treatment option for Internet addiction and further controlled
studies
are needed.
Keywords: Adolescents DeTUR Game Addiction Internet Addiction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. Laub, B., & Weiner, N. (2011). A developmental/integrative perspective of the recent traumatic episode protocol. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(2), 57-72. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.57.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP) is an adaptation of the eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) standard protocol to the acute phases following trauma. In this article, the R-TEP structure and procedures were analyzed from a developmental/integrative perspective. It is proposed that the therapist's developmental understanding and attunement can enhance the therapeutic dyad and can promote flexible decision making while using the R-TEP procedures. One case illustration of a recent trauma intervention demonstrates the advantage of developmental attunement in using the R-TEP. This perspective enables the therapist to pace the various styles of processing as they relate to the different stages of the memory consolidation process.
Keywords: AIP Model Early EMDR Intervention EEI Memory Consolidation Process R-TEP Recent Events Recent Trauma Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Hase, M. [2003]. Die "wenig belastende beispielerinnerung“: Ein beitrag zur EMDR-behandlungsplanung [The "little stress as memory": A contribution to EMDR treatment planning]. Biespielerinnerung, Michael Hase.
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ist eine sehr wirksame
Therapiemethode in der Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung, assozierter
Störungen und anderer psychischer Störungen. Das Modell der adaptiven
Informationsverarbeitung stellt einen theoretischen Rahmen bereit, um die Wirkung des EMDR
zu erklären und bietet im Sinne eines Krankheitsmodells Anleitung zur Diagnostik und
Behandlungsplanung. EMDR ist ein manualisiertes Verfahren und die Berücksichtung der
vorgeschlagenen Protokolle und Prozeduren ist für einen Behandlungserfolg essentiell. Die
phasenorientierte Behandlungsplanung nimmt in der Therapie traumatisierter Menschen generell
einen hohen Stellenwert ein und ist auch für eine EMDR-Therapie sehr wichtig. Die Bearbeitung
einer „wenig belastenden Beispielerinnerung“ in der Frühphase einer EMDR-Therapie bietet
einen guten Einstieg in die sich anschließende Traumabearbeitung und ist besonders in der Arbeit
mit akut Traumatisierten und komplexen Störungsbildern hilfreich.
Summary:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a very effective
Method of therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, an associate
Disorders and other mental disorders. The model of adaptive
Information processing provides a theoretical framework to evaluate the effect of EMDR
explain and offer guidance in terms of a disease model for the diagnosis and
Treatment planning. EMDR is a manualized procedures and the consideration of the
proposed protocols and procedures is essential for a successful treatment. The
phase-oriented treatment planning in general it will in the treatment of traumatized people
of great value and is also responsible for EMDR therapy is very important. The processing
a "little strain as memory" in the early stages of an EMDR therapy offers
a good introduction to the subsequent trauma and is particularly in the work
helpful with acute and complex trauma disorders.
Keywords: Treatment Planning
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. Erdmann, C. (2005). Die beeinflussung chronischer schmerzen durch psychologische, schmerztherapisverfahren und EMDR [The influence of psychological chronic pain, chronic pain procedures and EMDR]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Das in den 80er Jahren von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro veröffentlichte Verfahren EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) beinhaltet als zentrale Komponente, dass die Aufmerksamkeit des Patienten sich auf eine traumatische Erinnerung und die damit verbundenen Gedanken und Gefühle richtet, während gleichzeitig rhythmische Augenbewegungen induziert werden. (Shapiro 1998)
EMDR eignet sich signifikant gut zur Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Störungssyndrom, meistens bestehend aus vegetativer Übererregtheit, Erstarrung, Schlaflosigkeit, Angst und Depression, das häufig auftritt nach sehr belastenden Ereignissen oder starken Bedrohungen, wie z.B. schweren Unfällen, Naturkatastrophen, Folter, sexuellem Missbrauch, Vergewaltigungen, usw.
Das Störungsbild der PTBS zeigt große Ähnlichkeiten mit dem Chronischen Schmerzsyndrom. Chronischer Schmerz kann als eigenständiges Trauma gelten mit dem eigenen Körper als Opfer und Täter. Oft finden sich auch Traumata im Vorfeld oder begleitend. Chronischer Schmerz ist signifikant assoziiert mit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung, mit Angsterkrankungen, Depressionen und weiteren psychischen Störungen.
EMDR wird inzwischen auch mit guten Erfolgen eingesetzt bei anderen Erkrankungen, z.B. Suchterkrankungen, Depressionen, Angst- und Zwangsstörungen. Überzeugende Erfolge stellen sich ein bei der Behandlung auch sehr kleiner Kinder mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Erkrankungen. (Tinker, Wilson 1999)
Bislang gibt es aber noch relativ wenig Forschungen über die Wirksamkeit von EMDR bei Akutschmerz, bei Chronischem Schmerz und im Bereich der Psychosomatik. Es ist allerdings bekannt, dass EMDR sich bei Akutschmerz eignet zum Abbau der den Schmerz häufig begleitenden Angst und darüber hinaus bei Chronischem Schmerz zur Erhöhung der Schmerztoleranz, zu mehr Entspannung, zu positiven kognitiven Strategien, zu Desensibilisierung und zur Ablenkung. (Groth, Rogers 1994).
EMDR führt zu nachweislichen neurologischen Veränderungen und damit einhergehenden vom Patienten berichteten positiven Veränderungen im Beschwerdebild. (van der Kolk 2000)
EMDR lässt sich nach ersten Untersuchungen ebenfalls erfolgreich einsetzen zur Behandlung von Phantomschmerzen. (Wilson nach Tinker, Wilson 2000).
That in the 80s by the American psychologist Francine Shapiro published procedures EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) includes as a central component that the patient's attention on a traumatic memory and associated thoughts and feelings directed, while rhythmic eye movements be induced. (Shapiro 1998) EMDR is significantly well to the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is a disorder syndrome, consisting mostly of vegetative over-arousal, numbness, insomnia, anxiety and depression that occurs very often after stressful events or severe threats, such as serious accidents, natural disasters, torture, sexual abuse, rape, etc. The disorder of PTSD shows great similarities with the chronic pain syndrome. Chronic pain can be considered as a separate trauma of his own body as victims and perpetrators. Often also found in the run or incidental trauma. Chronic pain is significantly associated with post traumatic stress disorder, with anxiety disorders, depression and other mental disorders. EMDR is now used with good results in other diseases, such as Addiction, depression, anxiety and compulsive disorders. Convincing results are adapting to treat even very young children with different mental disorders. (Tinker, Wilson 1999) So far there is relatively little research on the effectiveness of EMDR in acute pain, Chronic pain and in the field of psychosomatic medicine. However, it is known that EMDR is suitable for acute pain to reduce the pain often associated with anxiety and also to increase the pain Chronic pain tolerance, more relaxation, positive cognitive strategies to desensitization and distraction. (Groth, Rogers 1994). EMDR leads to demonstrable neurological changes resulting from the patient and reported positive changes in symptoms. (Van der Kolk 2000), after initial investigations EMDR can also be used successfully to treat phantom pain. (Wilson to Tinker, Wilson 2000).
Keywords: Chronic Pain Chronic Pain Protocol Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Samara, Z., Elzingal, B. M., Slagter, H. A., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2011, March). Do horizontal saccadic eye movements increase interhemispheric coherence? Investigation of a hypothesized neural mechanism underlying EMDR. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2(4), 1-9. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00004.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Series of horizontal saccadic eye movements (EMs) are known to improve episodic memory retrieval in healthy adults and to facilitate the processing of traumatic memories in eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Several authors have proposed that EMs achieve these effects by increasing the functional connectivity of the two brain hemispheres, but direct evidence for this proposal is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether memory enhancement following bilateral EMs is associated with increased interhemispheric coherence in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Fourteen healthy young adults were asked to freely recall lists of studied neutral and emotional words after a series of bilateral EMs and a control procedure. Baseline EEG activity was recorded before and after the EM and control procedures. Phase and amplitude coherence between bilaterally homologous brain areas were calculated for six frequency bands and electrode pairs across the entire scalp. Behavioral analyses showed that participants recalled more emotional (but not neutral) words following the EM procedure than following the control procedure. However, the EEG analyses indicated no evidence that the EMs altered participants’ interhemispheric coherence or that improvements in recall were correlated with such changes in coherence. These findings cast doubt on the interhemispheric interaction hypothesis, and therefore may have important implications for future research on the neurobiological mechanism underlying EMDR.
Keywords: Eye Movements EMs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Shapiro, F. (1995, September/October). Doing our homework. Family Therapy Networker, 19(5), 49-53.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Michael Lerner's call to arms at last spring's Family Therapy Network Symposium (see page 44) challenged therapists to become a greater moral force in the world and to take more responsibility for the collective good. Lerner stirred an audience of 2,500 therapists with his impassioned appeal for the mental health community to mobilize politically, yet 1 was struck by an important omission in his address there was little mention of our own individual and collective responsibility for the current crises feeing our profession. I don't think therapists can take the moral high ground with anyone when we haven't cleaned up our own house.
I remember hearing about a conversation in which a therapist who said he did family therapy was asked where he was trained. "What's the big deal?' he replied. "I'm a therapist and 1 was born into a family. What more do I need?" I asked the person who told the story, "How did you respond to that?" She shrugged and said, "Nothing. You know how people are. It goes on all the time."
In a field that prides itself on its mavericks and creative innovators, from Freud to Milton Erickson, doing therapy without training is often viewed as an indicator of a willingness to reject stultifying orthodoxies and break with outmoded clinical traditions. But the argument that individual clinicians need the autonomy to work intuitively can often become an excuse for not bothering to become thoroughly prepared and knowledgeable about what has already been developed.
As the originator of a new therapeutic approach called Eye Movement De-sensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), I have had the opportunity to get a close-up view of how therapists incorporate new clinical methods into their practices. After publishing a controlled study on EMDR in 1989, I decided to teach it to licensed mental health professionals as an experimental procedure. This way, as we awaited further research, clinicians could use EMDR judiciously, careful to employ other procedures if the method did not work. However, I soon began getting reports about clients who appeared to be harmed by EMDR and discovered that they had been treated with improvised versions of the method taught to their therapists by past participants in EMDR trainings. Some participants had even trained lay hypnotists and massage therapists in their version of EMDR. There seemed to be little understanding that you are not qualified to teach something you just learned. My psychiatrist friends laughed at my shock and said, "Why are you surprised? Haven't you heard of 'See one, do one, teach one?" Advertisements for "eye movement therapy" started appearing around the country taught by people who had never been fully trained themselves. Some even started to run workshops based on their reading of the two-page procedure section of my eight-year-old research publication.
The intentions of these therapists may have been benign, but the consequences for their clients were sometimes disastrous. One young woman who had been raped was treated by a therapist who had heard that EMDR was useful for treating trauma. Without any other information, preparation or procedural safeguards, the therapist started using the eye movement component of EMDR, without any real grasp of the method. The young woman appeared to calm slightly, but when she returned home, she started crying uncontrollably, ended up in a fugue state and had to be hospitalized. When I told the story to another therapist, his response was, "Clients do that all the time. How do you know it wouldn't have happened anyway?" The answer is I don't, but I know that there is much less likelihood of a client being hurt if clinicians are well trained in their methods. As long as we shrug off the use of methods by colleagues who haven't been adequately trained in them, we have to accept part of the responsibility for their results.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. Huffer, K., & Parrett, B. (1999, June). Don’t let the system do you in – Improve your odds for justice (Part I). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) increase knowledge and awareness of this "complex PTSD;" 2) be able to integrate the 8-step protocol of "Overcoming the Devastation of Legal Abuse Syndrome" with the 8-phase protocol of EMDR; 3) learn to consider advocacy for legal consumer abuse issues; and 4) be able to discuss and develop plans for further action and research in the treatment and prevention of LAS.
Keywords: LAS Legal Abuse Syndrome Legal Consumer Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2008). Early EMDR intervention (EEI): A summary, a theoretical model, and the recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 79-96. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.79.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article examines existing early EMDR intervention (EEI) procedures, presents a conceptual model, and proposes a new comprehensive protocol: the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol (R-TEP). A review of research and important professional issues regarding application and parameters are presented. The commonly used EEI protocols and procedures are summarized, with the inclusion of descriptive case examples from the Lebanon war and a review of related research. Then a theoretical model is presented in which traumatic information processing is conceptualized as expanding from a narrow focus on the sensory image (perceptual level) to a wider focus on the event/episode (experiential level) and finally to a broad focus on the theme/identity (meaning level). The relationship of this model to the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol is articulated and case examples are presented. Theoretical speculations are discussed relating to attention regulation and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model. Further research is encouraged. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Cognitive Processes Crisis Intervention Early EMDR Intervention Emergency Room Patients Israel-Hezbollah War Israelis Prevention of PTSD Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Recent Events Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Shapiro, E., & Fernandez, I. (2013, June). Early EMDR intervention (EEI): Theory, Practice and research application in a mass disaster. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR has demonstrated effectiveness in treating chronic PTSD and old trauma memories, yet Early EMDR Intervention (EEI) protocols have not received sufficient attention from EMDR researchers or clinicians.
As part of a comprehensive approach to EEI, this workshop presents the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP), which is an integrative protocol that incorporates and extends existing EMDR protocols within a new conceptual framework, together with additional measures for containment and safety. The application of the R-TEP will be presented with video case illustrations as well as a report of its utilisation in a mass disaster situation.
Intervening with EMDR in mass disasters has proven to give a significant contribution to this field. During the workshop the structure of an intervention in the acute phase will be described. Recent developments have been seen in the earthquake that hit northern Italy earlier this year, where EMDR was the most widely used approach and utilised with more than 2000 survivors. Epidemiological data and measured changes in post-traumatic stress before and after EMDR will be presented and practical guidelines for implementation of EMDR in the acute and chronic phase of trauma after a mass disaster outlined.
Learning objectives:
Identify and comprehend distinctive issues pertaining to Early EMDR Intervention in general.
Identify and comprehend key features, procedures and concepts of the EMDR Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP);
Evaluate the advantages of the R-TEP protocol for Early EMDR Intervention;
Assess the advantage of early EMDR intervention during the acute phases following a natural disaster; and
Learn the logistics involved with applying the EMDR R-TEP protocol on a large scale in a post mass disaster while obtaining pre-post and follow-up data measures.
Keywords: Early Intervention Theory EEI Mass Disaster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. Koch, E. (2005, November). Effectiveness of interrupted or “dosed” exposure procedures. Poster presented at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, ON.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR is also an empirically validated treatment for PTSD. However, several dismantling studies have demonstrated that portions of the treatment can be removed without a detrimental effect on treatment outcome. The one component that has not been investigated is the form of exposure utilized, i.e., interrupted or “dosed” exposure. An overview of the EMDR dismantling studies will be presented along with a review of those studies that directly compared the effectiveness of prolonged exposure and EMDR. This presentation will highlight the theoretical basis and empirical observations that dosed exposure may have advantages over prolonged or continuous exposure. The potential mechanisms of action involved in “dosed” exposure procedures will be discussed.
Keywords: Dosed Exposure Procedures Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. Goodwin, D., Banner, L., & Hayward, R. (1995, June). Effects of EMDR in treating erectile dysfunction measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The experimenters seek to determine whether the reported anxiety-relieving effects of (EMDR) can be effectively applied to patients reporting erectile dysfunction and whether the expected changes in levels of anxiety can be measured as a function of changes in brain function observed through MRI tracings. The MRI is well suited to reflect hypothesized changes in the lowering of sympathetic arousal and the increasing of parasympathetic arousal as a response to EMDR procedures. This investigation, using the MRI brain scanning procedures was followed in stages of (1) establishing criteria for the radiological determination of characteristics of brain function measured with the MRI that descriminate between levels of experimentally induced anxiety and (2) conducting an experimental investigation of the application of EMDR while patients are undergoing the MRI scanning protocol. Psychological measures include the Personality Assessment Inventory(PAI) to screen for psychotherapy of subjects, the Impact of Events Scale(IOE), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI). Correlations between these scales and ratings of physiological changes are reported.
Keywords: Erectile Dysfunction MRI Scanning Protocol Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. Hensel, T. (2005, September). Effektivität von EMDR bei psychisch traumatisierten kindern und jugendlichen [Effectiveness of EMDR with psychologically traumatized children and adolescents]. Jahrestagung der deutschsprachigen gesellschaft für psychotraumatologie DeGPT, Dresden .
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR ist als ein effektives und ökonomisches Verfahren zur Behandlung von chronischer PTBS bei Erwachsenen anerkannt. Dieses Poster verdeutlicht die Effektivität von EMDR bei psychisch traumatisierten Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die kontrollierten Studien sind inhaltlich und in ihrer methodologischen Güte beschrieben und ausgewertet worden. Es sind sowohl singulär traumatisierte Kinder und Jugendliche nach einer Naturkatastrophe bzw. einer Explosion, wie auch sequentiell traumatisierte Kinder und Jugendliche mit sexuellem Missbrauch und Gewalterfahrungen behandelt worden. Alle Studien weisen EMDR als hoch effektiv aus. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für die Reduktion der PTB wie auch der komorbiden Symptome (Depression, Angst). Bemerkenswert ist, dass in den beiden Behandlungsvergleichen mit bewährten kognitiv-behavioralen Verfahren EMDR bei gleicher Effektivität signifikant effizienter war. Dies repliziert Ergebnisse aus dem Erwachsenenbereich (van Etten & Taylor, 1998). Obwohl die geringe Anzahl an Studien die Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse einschränkt, scheint EMDR über alle untersuchten Alterstufen hinweg ein einheitliches Wirkprofil vorzuweisen.[Author abstract]
EMDR is recognized as an effective and economical method for the treatment of chronic PTSD in adults. This poster illustrates the effectiveness of EMDR with psychologically traumatized children and adolescents. Controlled studies are described and evaluated in terms of content and its methodological quality and has been. They are both singular traumatized children and adolescents after a natural disaster or an explosion, as well as sequentially traumatized children and adolescents treated with sexual abuse and violence. All the studies point out EMDR to be highly effective. This applies equally to the reduction of the PTB as well as the comorbid symptoms (depression), anxiety. It is noteworthy that cognitively in the two treatment comparisons with best-behavioral procedures with the same effectiveness of EMDR was significantly more efficient. This replicates results from the adult participants (Van Etten & Taylor, 1998). Although the small number of studies limits the generalizability of the results, it seems EMDR track record across all age groups studied a single-action profile. [Author abstract].
Keywords: Adolescents Children Poster Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Lee, C. (2006, May). Efficacy and mechanisms of action of EMDR as a treatment for PTSD. Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The first aim of this thesis was to describe the characteristics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to elucidate its place as a symptom disorder that sometimes develops when people are exposed to a traumatic event. The current major theoretical approaches to account for why some people who are exposed to trauma develop PTSD and the mechanisms by which this occurs were described. Three classes of theories were reviewed: conditioning/learning approach; information processing theories with a particular focus on the meaning of the trauma event; and biological models with an emphasis on recent neurocircuitry and neurochemistry models.
Successful treatment approaches were then reviewed which indicated two major contenders for the most efficacious treatment for PTSD: traditional cognitive behaviour therapies (CBT) using either stress inoculation or prolonged exposure; and eye movement desensitisation and processing (EMDR). Prior to the first study (Lee, Gavriel, Drummond, Richards, and Greenwald, 2002), a review of the literature indicated equivalent effects for EMDR and CBT. There had been very few direct comparison studies and each had serious methodological flaws, particularly with respect to random assignment and treatment fidelity. Therefore, the first study ensured adequate attention to these areas and involved a direct comparison between the two procedures using a sample of 24 participants diagnosed with PTSD. EMDR and stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure were found to lead to similar symptom improvement at the end of treatment, apart from a slight advantage for EMDR on intrusion symptoms. Both treatments led to significantly greater symptom reduction than a wait list control condition. At follow-up, EMDR led to greater gains on both self-report and observer rated measures of PTSD and self-report measures of depression. Overall, the findings were similar to those described in previously published studies, with a suggestion that EMDR was slightly more efficient than the standard CBT approach.
Given that the evidence suggested that EMDR was a more efficient treatment, it became critical to understand the underlying processes. A process study was undertaken that examined the responses of people with PTSD receiving EMDR treatment (Lee, Taylor, and Drummond, 2006). Guided by process studies of other treatments and theories that might account for why EMDR is effective, participants' responses were examined to see which models better accounted for symptom improvement. The main analysis tested whether or not the responses were consistent with processes that occurred during traditional CBT treatment, which prior research had identified as reliving, or whether they were more consistent with Shapiro's proposal that enhanced information processing occurs because there is a dual focus of attention (that is, the person simultaneously focuses on an external stimulus and on the traumatic memory) (Shapiro, 1995). The responses made by 44 participants were coded by an independent rater according to whether they were primarily reliving, distancing, affect or material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement occurred when the participant processed in a more detached or distant manner, whereas reliving responses were not associated with improvement. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggested that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that co-varied with improvement. The findings underscored a difference in the processes that underlie EMDR and traditional CBT.
The major question left unanswered from this second study was what causes this distancing process? Competing views were that it was facilitated by eye movement; alternatively, the therapist's instructions to participants might have precipitated this distancing phenomenon. The third study tested these ideas by randomly assigning 48 participants to either an eye movement or a no eye movement condition under two types of therapist instructions (reliving or distancing). Participants recalled personal distressing memories, and measures of distress and vividness were taken after treatment and at follow up. Only the eye movements made a significant difference to people's level of distress.
This conclusion appeared at odds with some of the previous literature that had tested the effects of eye movement on levels of distress. A meta-analysis of some of this research had suggested that there was no significant advantage of including eye movement in EMDR treatment unless the person had been diagnosed with PTSD. However, a close examination of this meta-analysis indicated some major methodological flaws in the computation; therefore, this was recalculated. The conclusion from this fourth study was consistent with study three in that EMDR with eye movement was found to lead to significantly greater improvement that EMDR without eye movement.
The results of these four studies were then discussed in terms of their implications for the theoretical models presented in Chapter 1. Aspects of learning theory that might account for EMDR efficiency were discussed as well as the failure of this model to account for treatment gains following EMDR. Information processing models were seen to better account for some of the phenomena observed in EMDR and for the findings from the four studies. Some suggestions of how eye movements might facilitate improved information processing were presented.
Finally, the relative merits of EMDR and CBT treatments were discussed and suggestions made for when to combine approaches. The conclusions highlight the point that EMDR appears to be the most promising treatment for PTSD.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
60. de Bont, P. (2011, August-September). Efficacy and safety of prolonged exposure or EMDR-treatment for PTSD with patients with a vulnerability for psychosis. A multiple baserate N=10 single case design. In Treating PTSD in patients with psychotic disorders. Symposium conducted at the 41st EABCT annual congress, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objectives: Untill now, only a small number of studies have
investigated the safety and effects of psychological treatment for
PTSD in psychotic patients. The main aim of this study was to
explore the effects of two psychological, highly manualized,
guideline PTSD treatments: EMDR and prolonged exposure.
Another important aim was to determine if negative side effects
would occur as a result of therapy. Among clinicians fear exists of
harming vulnerable patients with confronting therapeutic
procedures, thus risking psychotic exacerbation, suicidal behaviour
or other adverse events.
Methods: In a N=10 single case study design the effects of
psychological PTSD treatment were studied in psychiatric patients
who suffer from psychoses. Participants were randomly assigned
to either EMDR or Prolonged Exposure. Weekly measurements of
PTSD and psychotic symptoms prior to, during and after
treatment, gave a strong impression of how symptoms respond to
treatment. The treatment in both conditions consisted of 12
sessions of 90 minutes. Adverse events were monitored weekly.
Before, directly after and 3 months after treatment all subjects
were tested more extensively for the variables PTSD and
psychosis, and for three secondary outcome measures cognitive
style, social functioning and quality of life.
Results: The results show that PTSD-treatment can be quite
effective for both PTSD and even some of the psychotic symptoms.
PTSD symptoms dropped considerably, in a number of cases
below the point of still having a PTSD. In some cases treatment
helped diminish the occurence of harming voices. Not one patient
became psychotic as a result of therapy, not even patients that
went through the guided reliving of traumatic psychotic events
during Prolonged Exposure. No suicide attempts occured.
Occasional minor adverse events with medication occurred, but
results taken as a whole the treatments were obviously safe.
Conclusion: This study shows that PTSD-treatment in psychotic
patients is a serious option, next to medical treatment. It can be
done safely, effectively and in a manualized fashion. No
information can be derived from this study as to which of the two,
Prolonged Exposure or EMDR, can be best applied in specific
situations. Both seem to be equal in the limited number of cases.
Keywords: PE Prolonged Exposure Psychotic Disorders Single Case Design Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. de Jongh, A., van den Oord, H., & ten Broeke, E. (2002, December). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of specific phobias: Four single-case studies on dental phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1489-1503. doi:10.1002/jclp.10100.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A series of single-case experiments was used to evaluate the application of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to traumatically induced dental phobia. Following two to three sessions of EMDR treatment, three of the four patients demonstrated substantially reduced self-reported and observer-rated anxiety, reduced credibility of dysfunctional beliefs concerning dental treatment, and significant behavior changes. These gains were maintained at six weeks follow-up. In all four cases, the clinical diagnosis present at pretreatment was not present at posttreatment at a clinical level. All patients actually underwent the dental treatment they feared most within three weeks following EMDR treatment. The findings support the notion that EMDR can be an effective treatment alternative for phobic conditions with a trauma-related etiology. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Case Report Dental Procedures Females Follow-up Study Males Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. Sellers, J. L. (1997, October). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure as compared to accelerated massed desensitization in the treatment of test anxiety. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA. ATT 9729659.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure had been widely promoted as an effective anxiety reducing treatment, yet the methodology of many studies has not been adequate to clearly investigate the procedure (Lohr, Kleinknecht, Conley, Dal Cerro, Schmidt, & Sonntag, 1992) and comparison treatments have been inappropriately applied (Lohr, Kleinknecht, Tolin & Barrett, 1995). This study compared EMDR and Accelerated Massed Desensitization (AMD), which has been empirically supported as a short term intervention in the treatment of test anxiety. All participants were screened for participation and 38 were determined test anxious, according to the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI; Spielberger, 1980). No subjects were involved in any form of relaxation training or taking any medications to reduce anxiety at the time of their participation. All participants were recruited from college and university classes in the Orange and San Bernardino counties and were paid $10 for their participation. Six therapists and the primary investigator conducted therapy sessions for both treatments. All therapists completed the EMDR training, completed relevant reading materials for the AMD procedure, and followed protocols for both procedures throughout the therapy sessions. Participants were randomly assigned to either the EMDR or AMD treatment condition and a therapist. Participants completed the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, 1983) and the Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUD; Wolpe, 1982) measures at pre and post treatment and at pre and post in-class exam. Participants received two sessions of treatment for each of the conditions. This study hypothesized that the EMDR treatment would significantly reduce anxiety as measured by the STAI and the SUD as compared to the AMD treatment. This study also hypothesized that EMDR would significantly reduce anxiety in both treatment and in vivo settings. Supplementary hypotheses predicted that the AMD treatment would reduce anxiety in both the treatment and in vivo settings. Results indicated that students in the AMD condition experienced more anxiety reduction than students in the EMDR condition. However, both treatments were effective in reducing anxiety in both the treatment and in vivo setting, as measured by the STAI and SUD scales. These results suggest that both treatments may be effective for reducing anxiety. However, the AMD treatment led to greater reductions in anxiety, as compared to the EMDR treatment. It is suggested that further research of the EMDR procedure include suitable comparison groups in order to assess its effectiveness and allow clinicians to choose appropriate treatments based on empirical support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(4-B), Oct 1997, pp. 2139.
Keywords: College or University Students Identified As Test Anxious Efficacy of Eye Movement vs Accelerated Massed Desensitization for Treating Test Anxiety Psychotherapeutic Techniques Sellers Test Anxiety
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & van der Meer, K. (1995). Eine neue entwicklung in der behandlung von angst und traumata: “Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)” [A new development in the treatment of anxiety and trauma: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie, 43(3), 226-233.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Dit artikel presenteert een nieuwe ontwikkeling op het gebied van de psychotherapie: Eye-Movement Desensibilisatie and Reprocessing (EMDR). Dit recent ontwikkelde procedure belooft snelle en effectieve behandeling van angst-gerelateerde klachten, met inbegrip van PTSS (DSM-III-R). In essentie leidt de therapeut een serie van snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen. EMDR vergemakkelijkt cognitieve veranderingen en blijvende daling van de angst. Zoals aangegeven door middel van onderzoek en geïllustreerd door casuïstiek, kan EMDR effectief te zijn in een sessie. Tot nu toe is er geen definitieve verklaring voor de effectiviteit van deze methode. [Auteur Abstract]
This article presents a new development on the field of psychotherapy: Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This recently developed procedure promises rapid and effective treatment of anxiety related complaints, including PTSD (DSM-III-R). In essence the therapist induces a series of rapid and rhythmic eye-movements. EMDR facilitates cognitive changes and lasting decrease of anxiety. As indicated by research and illustrated by case histories, EMDR can be effective in one session. Until now there is no definitive explanation for the effectiveness of this method. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adult Anxiety Disorders Dental Procedures Females Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
64. Millar, P. (2010, March). EMDR & psychosis. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Psychotic phenomena are one of the most
challenging clinical presentations to treat, the most severe form being schizophrenia and
poor outcome schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia is a severe enduring mental illness
(SMI) and is characterised by core disturbances of thinking, perceptions and the emotions.
It is accepted as having a heavy burden, with significant effects on the patient, their
families and carers and it is one of the most costly illnesses worldwide. The weight of
burden falls with regard to legal problems, stigma and life expectancy: life expectancy in
this group of individuals is reduced by 10 years, mostly as a consequence of suicide
(Rossler, Salize et al. 2005). Despite more than 100 years of experience of the disease it is
still only a minority of individuals who make a full recovery.
This workshop aims to give further insight into the role of EMDR in the treatment of
schizophrenia - as defined by the genetic epidemiological work by Professor K Kendler
(Kendler, Spitzer et al. 1989; Kendler, McGuire et al. 1993; Kendler, Maguire et al. 1993).
It follows up a series of three patients with psychosis treated with EMDR one of whom met
strict criteria for schizophrenia. All 3 are now over 2 years post-EMDR. Of specific note the
man who presented with schizophrenia remains free of medication and symptoms.
The workshop will discuss the role of EMDR in the treatment of psychosis, including
schizophrenia and discuss case selection and protocol development in this area of practice.
Keywords: Psychosis Schizoaffective Disorder Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Burdett, C. (2010, March). EMDR & the law. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Shapiro (2001) notes that, “if a crime
victim, witness or police officer is being treated for a critical incident, it is essential to
establish whether a legal deposition or any specific kind of trial testimony is or may be
required of the individual”.
Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing can affect the memory process. For this
reason, it is important to discuss with the client, and with any lawyers or police officers
involved, how testimony might be affected.
The EMDR therapist must make clear to all concerned the potential effects of giving
treatment and delaying treatment. The client, lawyers and other interested parties can
then reach a decision on how to proceed.
The therapist needs to understand the legal implications of their actions if they are asked
to provide treatment under these circumstances. They also need knowledge of the
procedures involved and of the way these differ between civil and criminal cases. These
procedures will also differ between countries.
The dilemma can be the conflict between the client’s best interests and the upholding of
the law.
Reference:
Shapiro F (2001), Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing, 2nd Edition, Guilford Press NY, p98
Keywords: Law Court Cases
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. Shapiro, F. (1999). EMDR - Grundlagen und praxis: Handbuch zur behandlung traumatisierter menschen [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Basic principles, protocols, and procedures]. Paderborn: Junfermann Verlag GmbH & Co.
Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract:
EMDR ist eine zeitsparende, umfassende Methode zur Behandlung traumatischer Erfahrungen, die die Ursache vieler Pathologien sind. Als integratives Therapiemodell, das verhaltenspsychologische, kognitive, psychodynamische, körperorientierte und systemische Elemente umfaßt, ermöglicht EMDR, in relativ kurzer Zeit tiefreichende und stabile Resultate zu erzielen. Die EMDR-Behandlungssequenz, die acht Phasen umfaßt und Augenbewegungen sowie andere Methoden der Rechts-Links-Stimulation nutzt, hilft Trauma-Opfern bei der Aufarbeitung beunruhigender Gedanken und Erinnerungen. Dieses umfassende Basiswerk zum Thema EMDR gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung und Erforschung der neuen Methode und ist eine unverzichtbare Lektüre für alle Kliniker und Forscher, die sich für die Arbeit mit Trauma-Opfern interessieren.
EMDR is a time-saving, comprehensive method for the treatment of traumatic experiences, which are the cause of many diseases. As an integrative therapy model includes the behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, body-oriented and systemic elements, EMDR allows to achieve in a relatively short time, profound and stable results. The EMDR treatment sequence that includes eight stages, and uses eye movements as well as other methods of left-right stimulation helps trauma victims in the processing disturbing thoughts and memories. This comprehensive work based on EMDR provides an overview of the development and exploration of the new method and is an essential reading for all clinicians and researchers interested in working with trauma victims
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Titze, M. (1997). EMDR - Unterstützte thematisierung bei psychodynamisch fundierten fokaltherapien [EMDR - Supported theming in-depth psychodynamic focal therapy]. In C. T. Eschenröder: EMDR. Eine neue Methode zur Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen (pp. 179-188). Tübingen: DGVT-Verlag.
Language: German
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Lange Zeit galt eine im Sinne der psychoanalytischen Standardmethode durchgeführte Langzeittherapie als qualitativ besonders hochstehend. Dabei ließ sich argumentieren, dass die entscheidenden Eckpfeiler des analytischen Prozesses (Erinnern, Wiederholen, Durcharbeiten) einer zeitaufwendigen Methodik (freie Assoziation, "gleichschwebende Aufmerksamkeit" und regressionsfördernde Zurückhaltung / Schweigen des Analytikers, Übertragungs- und Widerstandsdeutungen usw.) bedürfen (vgl. Thomä & Kächele, 1989). Eine unbestreitbare methodische Schwäche dieser Vorgehensweise resultiert allerdings aus dem Verzicht auf eine aktive Strukturierung durch den Analytiker. Dies kann dazu führen, dass sich manche Klienten in der realen therapeutischen Beziehung allein gelassen bzw. nicht ernst genommen fühlen. Eine nicht selten mehrjährige Behandlungsdauer kann zudem eine Unzufriedenheit hervorrufen, die dann zu realen Widerstandstendenzen auf Seiten des Klienten führen wird, wenn ein spürbarer Behandlungserfolg ausblieb (vgl. dazu Eschenröder, 1986, Kap. 11). Doch es sind nicht allein solche Einwände, die zu einer Relativierung der Bedeutung von analytischen Langzeittherapien geführt haben. Es waren auch reale ökonomische Gegebenheiten, die diese Bedeutung in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in Frage gestellt haben. Nachdem nämlich, zunächst in den Vereinigten Staaten, die Versicherungen dazu übergegangen sind, nur eine stark begrenzte Anzahl psychothe-rapeutischer Leistungen zu erstatten, kam es auch im Bereich der Tiefenpsychologie zu einer verstärkten Hinwendung gegenüber kurzzeittherapeutischen Verfahren (vgl. Goleman, 1981).
Long considered a standard in the sense of the psychoanalytic method carried out as long-term therapy of particularly high standing. It could be argued that the crucial cornerstone of the analytical process (remembering, repeating, working through) a time-consuming method require (free association, evenly suspended attention "and regression-promoting restraint / silence of the analyst, transference and resistance interpretations, etc.) (see Thoma & Kächele, 1989). One undoubted methodological weakness of this approach, however, results from the absence of an active structure by the analyst. This can cause that some clients feel in the real therapeutic relationship alone and not taken seriously. An often multi-year duration of treatment may also cause discontent that will lead to real resistance tendencies on the part of the client when a substantial treatment effect failed to (cf. Eschenröder, 1986, Chapter 11). But it is not only an objection that led to a relativization of the importance of long-term analytic therapies. There were also real economic conditions that have made this meaning in recent years increasingly in question. After that is to report first in the United States, the insurance companies have started, only a very limited number of psychotherapy therapeutic services were also provided in the field of depth psychology (1981 cf. Goleman,) to an increased turn over short-therapeutic procedures.
Keywords: Focal Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Shapiro, F. (2002, January). EMDR 12 years after its introduction: Past and future research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 1-22. doi:10.1002/jclp.1126 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was one of the first treatments of PTSD to be evaluated in controlled research and has to date been empirically supported by 13 such studies. This article reviews the historical context and empirical research of EMDR over the past dozen years. Historically, EMDR's name has caused confusion in that "desensitization" is considered to be only a by-product of reprocessing and because the eye movement component of EMDR is only one form of dual stimulation to be successfully used in this integrative approach. Research is needed to determine the comparative efficacy of EMDR relative to cognitive-behavioral treatments of PTSD. However, this has been hampered by the lack of independent replication studies of the latter treatments. Current component analyses of EMDR have failed to effectively evaluate the relative weighting of its procedures. Parameters for future research and the testing of protocols for diverse disorders are suggested. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Cognitive Processes Literature Review Posttraumtic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Needs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Rouanzoin, C. C., & Perkins, B. (2001, June). EMDR and consultation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop is designed for Approved Consultants in EMDR or those who plan to puruse this designation. Consultation in EMDR can be an exciting and rewarding process for both the consultant and the professional seeking consultation. It can also be a bust. This course will cover the philosophy of consultation, the ethical and legal considerations, models of consultation, and the different ways in which the consultation process can be completed. A question and answer period will also be available.
Keywords: Approved Consultant Consultation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. EMDRIA Standards and Training Committee. (2002, June). EMDR and consultation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop is designed for Approved Consultants in EMDR or those who plan to pursue this designation. Consultation in EMDR is essential to the development of competence in the use of EMDR procedures and the integration of the EMDR model into clinical practice. This course will cover the philosophy of consultation, the ethical and legal considerations, models of consultation, and the different ways in which the consultation process can be completed. A question and answer period will also be available.
Keywords: Consultation Standards and Training
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Gonzalez, A., & Mosquera, D. (2012, June). EMDR and dissociation: The progressive approach. A. I. [Amazon.co.uk].
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
After the first cautions for the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, many proposals have been done to adapt EMDR procedures to this specific population. Interesting interventions have been done for the use of EMDR in the preparation phase, but in spite of these useful proposals, EMDR is still considered by many clinicians as an intervention that is limited for the treatment of traumatic memories. From this conceptualization, which we have called the all/nothing perspective, the use of EMDR is strongly limited. Many clinicians wait years for trauma reprocessing. As a consequence of this conceptualization, many EMDR therapists do not use EMDR with most of their dissociative clients, and just use it with highly functioning patients, sometimes after years of therapy with other approaches.
In this workshop we will describe (and exemplify with clinical cases and videos) different interventions with EMDR in dissociative clients, from the preparatory phase, in what we have called a Progressive Approach. The way in which specific EMDR procedures can contribute to enhance recovery in survivors will be explained. For doing this, concepts from the different approaches and scientific knowledge about severe traumatization will be integrated with the Adaptive Information Processing Model from EMDR. The idea is to propose a holistic model for EMDR therapy in Dissociative Disorders.
The interweaving between theoretical concepts and clinical procedures, theoretical developments and video examples, will allow the audience to assimilate information and translate it to their clinical practice. Therapist from approaches different from EMDR will understand what this therapy can offer to the treatment of severely traumatized people. EMDR therapists will learn new proposals of interventions at the different phases of the treatment. We will present different examples of interventions in severely traumatized patients: DID, DESNOS, BPD and Somatoform dissociation.
Keywords: Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Leeds, A. M., & Shapiro, F. (2000). EMDR and resource installation: Principles and procedures for enhancing current functioning and resolving traumatic experiences. In J. Carlson, & L. Sperry (Eds.), Brief therapy with individuals and couples (pp. 469-534). Phoenix, Arizona: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen, Inc..
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter presents an overview of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a research-validated treatment for PTSD, and a related set of procedures known as resource development and installation (RDI), which have been reported to be useful in ego strengthening and stabilization. First, the extant research on EMDR, its theoretical model, and the 8 phases of its treatment are summarized (patient history and treatment planning, preparation, assessment, desensitization, installation, body scan, closure, and reevaluation). The 5 main elements of memory networks in EMDR are: image, thoughts and sounds, affect, sensation, and self-appraisal. The principles and theoretical foundations of RDI are then discussed. Then, 2 case examples are given. The 1st case illustrates a simple application of resource development and installation to supplement the standard EMDR PTSD protocol in the brief treatment of a marital crisis. The 2nd case summarizes the brief, strategic use of RDI to stabilize a patient with complex PTSD who was referred for collaborative treatment and to build a foundation for comprehensive EMDR treatment. [Adapted from Text, p. 469] [Pilots]
Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Solomon, R. M., & Shapiro, F. (2008). EMDR and the adaptive information processing model - Potential mechanisms of change. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(4), 315-325. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.4.315.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach guided by the adaptive
information processing (AIP) model. This article provides a brief overview of some of the major
precepts of AIP. The basis of clinical pathology is hypothesized to be dysfunctionally stored memories,
with therapeutic change resulting from the processing of these memories within larger adaptive networks.
Unlike extinction-based exposure therapies, memories targeted in EMDR are posited to transmute during
processing and are then again stored by a process of reconsolidation. Therefore, a comparison and contrast
to extinction-based information processing models and treatment is provided, including implications
for clinical practice. Throughout the article a variety of mechanisms of action are discussed, including
those inferred by tenets of the AIP model, and the EMDR procedures themselves, including the bilateral
stimulation. Research suggestions are offered in order to investigate various hypotheses.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Information Processing Mechanism of Change Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. Burdett, C. & Lucas, F. (2008, October). EMDR and the law. Presentation at the 1st annual EMDR Autumn Workshop, York, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will explore the legal aspects of working with people pre trial.
Keywords: Law
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Korn, D. L. (2009). EMDR and the treatment of complex PTSD: A review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 264-278. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.264.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) covers a wide range of conditions, ranging from patients
suffering from a one-time traumatic accident to those who have been exposed to chronic traumatization
and repeated assaults beginning at an early age. While EMDR and other trauma treatments have been
proven efficacious in the treatment of simpler cases of PTSD, the effectiveness of treatments for more
complex cases has been less widely studied. This article examines the body of literature on the treatment
of complex PTSD and chronically traumatized populations, with a focus on EMDR treatment and research.
Despite a still limited number of randomized controlled studies of any treatment for complex PTSD,
trauma treatment experts have come to a general consensus that work with survivors of childhood abuse
and other forms of chronic traumatization should be phase-oriented, multimodal, and titrated. A phaseoriented
EMDR model for working with these patients is presented, highlighting the role of resource development
and installation (RDI) and other strategies that address the needs of patients with compromised
affect tolerance and self-regulation. EMDR treatment goals, procedures, and adaptations for each of the
various treatment phases (stabilization, trauma processing, reconnection/development of self-identity) are
reviewed. Finally, reflections on the strengths and unique advantages of EMDR in treating complex PTSD
are offered along with suggestions for future investigations.
Keywords: Childhood Trauma Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD DESNOS Psychotherapy Research Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Royle, L. (2008). EMDR as a therapeutic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 226-232. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.226.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a condition characterized by a new and persistent fatigue unexplained by other conditions and resulting in a substantial reduction in the individual's activity levels. Current treatment includes psychotherapeutic procedures such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, pharmacological interventions, and graded exercise therapy. This article considers the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for the condition of CFS. The case study describes the use of EMDR with a 49-year-old male client who had suffered debilitating CFS for nearly 5 years despite accessing other treatment methods. After 9 sessions, the client indicated that his energy levels were significantly higher, his need for sleep had reduced (from 15-20 hours to 9.5 hours in a 24-hour period), and he was able to resume employment. Results suggest that EMDR may be useful in treating CFS within a personalized treatment plan.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Case Study CFS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Treatment Efficacy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Royle, E. (2008, June). EMDR as a therapeutic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): A case study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a condition that is characterized by a new and persistent fatigue, unexplained by
other conditions, and resulting in a substantial reduction in the individual’s activity levels. Current treatment
includes psychotherapeutic procedures such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy), pharmacological interventions
and Graded Exercise Therapy. This paper considers the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitisation and
Reprocessing (EMDR) for the condition of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). The anonymised case study describes
the use of EMDR with a client who had suffered debilitating CFS for nearly 5 years despite accessing other
treatment methods. Results would suggest that EMDR may be of use in treating CFS within a personalized
treatment plan.
Keywords: CFS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. de Roos, C., & Went, M. (2010, April). EMDR bij preverbaal trauma [EMDR for trauma, preverbal]. Presentatie aan de vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederlands.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Hoe kan je preverbaal trauma verwerken, zodat er ruimte ontstaat voor herstel, inhalen en voortgang van de ontwikkeling?
Ook infants (0-4 jarigen) kunnen allerlei traumatische gebeurtenis(sen) in de eerste levensjaren meemaken zoals intrusieve medische handelingen, seksueel misbruik en andere vormen van mishandeling. Herinneringen aan deze gebeurtenissen zijn preverbaal en niet op bewust nivo toegankelijk. Bij deze jonge kinderen is het dan ook moeilijk te zien in hoeverre er sprake is van traumatisering. Door hun beperkte cognitieve ontwikkeling is verbale communicatie over ingrijpende gebeurtenissen niet of beperkt mogelijk. Soms zie je na enige tijd gedragsveranderingen bij dagelijkse handelingen die eerder geen probleem vormden (verzet bij verschonen, bij tandenpoetsen e.d.). Dit gedrag kan echter ook gekoppeld zijn aan de ontwikkelingsfase. Het diagnostisch beeld wordt duidelijker wanneer gedragsveranderingen (verzet, verdriet maar ook submissie!) zich voordoen bij soortgelijke traumatische ervaringen zoals nieuwe medische behandelingen. De link naar de onverwerkte traumatische gebeurtenis(sen) ligt dan voor de hand.
De ouder kan soms uit angst of schuldgevoel over de ingrijpende gebeurtenis(sen) niet goed meer als steunfiguur en opvoeder optreden. Door een klachtbestendigend interactiepatroon kunnen gedragsproblemen van het kind zelfs verergeren. De omgeving gaat denken aan ADHD of ASS...
Aan de hand van casuïstiek van infants bij wie sprake is van traumatisering worden de aanpassingen aan het EMDR protocol getoond bij de behandeling van 0 tot 4 jarigen. Pas na de verwerking van de traumatische herinneringen wordt echt duidelijk wat de invloed is geweest op het verloop van de ontwikkeling van het kind, zoals een sociaal emotionele achterstand, vertraagde spelontwikkeling etc. Er komt ruimte voor herstel, inhalen en voortzetten van de ontwikkeling. Zo nodig wordt een EMDR traject voor ouders ingezet om de behandeling af te maken.
Vorm
In de presentatie worden theorie en praktijk gecombineerd. Videobeelden ondersteunen het verhaal.
How do you handle preverbal trauma, so there room for rehabilitation, catch up and progress of the development?
Even infants (0-4 year olds) can all traumatic event(s) in the first years of life experience as intrusive medical procedures, sexual abuse, and other forms of abuse. Preverbal memories of these events, not consciously accessible level. In these young children it is therefore difficult to see how there is trauma. Because of their limited cognitive development, verbal communication on major events is not possible or limited. Sometimes you see after a while behavioral changes in daily operations which were previously not a problem (resistance to changing, with teeth, etc.). This behavior can also be linked to the development. The diagnostic picture becomes clearer when behavioral change (resistance, but also sadness Submission!) arise from similar traumatic experiences such as new medical treatments. The link to the unprocessed traumatic event (s) is then obvious.
The parent can sometimes out of fear or guilt about the traumatic event(s) not functioning properly to support action figure and educator. By klachtbestendigend interaction pattern may even worsen the child's behavior. The environment is reminiscent of ADHD or ASD ...
Based on case reports of infants with trauma,0 to 4 years old treated with the EMDR protocol show changes only after the processing of traumatic memories is really clear that the impact has been on the course of the development of the child as a social-emotional retardation, slow game development etc. There is room for recovery, overtaking and continued development. If necessary, an EMDR process for parents is used to finish the treatment.
Form
In the presentation combining theory and practice. Video images support the story.
Keywords: Prevebral Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. Withers, D. (2000, December). EMDR bilateral movement groups for children with ADHD. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(Special Edition), 11-13.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Using EMDR to treat children diagnosed with ADHD is challenging on many levels. Differentiating the effects of trauma versus pure ADHD or other diagnoses such as OCD, learning disabilities, and even autism is difficult at best because these symptoms could be present as the result of early trauma (Tinker, 1999). These experiences include birth trauma, illness, medical procedures and surgery as well as abuse or neglect (Becker, 2000). These children may be unintentionally further traumatized on a daily basis by parents, teachers, coaches and peers for missing social cues, being impulsive and disruptive and no paying attention or cooperating. They may not easily engage in therapy and tend to avoid new situations due to past failures and harbor negative views of themselves because of their belief that they somehow need to be “fixed.” These response could also be due to attachment disorders or to a “poor match” between temperament of parent and child (Bowlby, 1973).
Keywords: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Leeds, A. M. (1995, June). EMDR case formulation symposium. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The focus of this symposium will be on intermediate and advanced topics in EMDR case formulation in more challenging cases.
The presentation will include how affect and schema theories can help organize and guide treatment planing and selection of
protocols, targets and cognitions. Time will be allowed to discuss problem cases.
The symposium will begin with an overview of the EMDR theoretical model and the role of metacognitions in the accelerated
information processing paradigm. Guideposts to application will include principles such as: good enough cognitions and warning
indicators fiom cognitions and the history taking of potential blocked responses.
A model of EMDR case formulation issues will be presented involving treatment planning and selection of protocols, targets and
cognitions. A fundamental issue in case formulation will be proposed as the extent to which the case involves simple adult trauma
with a good premorbid history or is a more complex case conceptualized as involving some degree of neglect or pervasive failure of
the early environment to provide healthy models of self-other interaction.
Alternate treatment protocols will be offered for more complex cases presentations where there are insufficient healthy resources
present to permit the successfull use of standard EMDR protocols even with creative application of cognitive interweave strategies.
Protocols will be offered for "practice" EMDR sessions and for building up healthy internal resources in advance of targeting
disturbing memories.
Affect theory as developed by Silvan S. Tomkins and reviewed in Donald Nathanson's (1992) Shame and Pride, Affect Sex, and the
Birth of the Self, W. W. Norton & Co, New York, and its relationship to EMDR will be considered. Emphasis will be on the
biological theory of emotions, the nine innate affects, the central and unique role of shame in human development, and how affect
theory supports EMDR theory and application. For example, EMDR theory emphasizes the central role of physiological and
emotional responses and views cognitions as "distallations of experience" (Francine Shapiro, 1995, Eve Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing, Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures, Guilford Press, NY). Shame and its attendant distorted self concepts
is a central problem in PTSD and other pervasive traumageric disorders.
Aspects of this case formulation approach have been influenced by members of the EMDR facilitator staff most notably Landry
Wildwind's speciality and conference presentations on working with chronic depression and personal communications with
Marguerite McCorkle.
Case examples will be given in which alternate EMDR protocols were used to successfully work through unresolved developmental
issues and massive layers of shame that had blocked previous treatment efforts. A large portion of the symposium will be devoted to
a case conference round table where these issues will be explored through a discussion of problem cases offered by participants.
Keywords: Case Formulations
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Shapiro, F. (2007, November). EMDR clinical parameters and research findings: “What’s new and useful”. Master clinician series at the 23rd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress, Baltimore MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Numerous controlled studies have indicated that EMDR´s effects on
PTSD symptoms are comparable to those of trauma-focused CBT.
However, EMDR does not require homework, sustained arousal,
detailed verbalization of the index trauma, or prolonged exposure to
the event. In this invited presentation, videotapes of an incest survivor
and a disaster victim will demonstrate the EMDR treatment,
and the de-arousal effects of the eye movements, which have been
documented in numerous controlled laboratory studies. In addition,
the clinical procedures of an EMDR group-protocol used subsequent
to disasters and terrorist attacks will be illustrated.
The presentation will review research findings, with long-term follow
up, indicating that the resolution of etiological events can result in
the successful treatment of conditions that have often been considered
intractable. A recent study will be used to explore the clinical
parameters of the EMDR treatment of child molesters, which has
resulted in the sustained reduction of deviant arousal. Likewise, representative
case examples from studies documenting the elimination/
reduction of phantom limb pain subsequent to EMDR processing
will be presented to explore both the clinical and theoretical
implications.
Keywords: De-arousal Effects of Eye Movement Group Protocol Master Series
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. Aneiros, I., González, A., Laredo, M., Mosquera, D., Taboada, M. J., & Sánchez-Caballero, I. V. (2012, Setembro ). EMDR en el tratamiento de la depresión [EMDR in the treatment of depression]. Psicologia, 16, 22-36. Retrieved from http://www.psiquiatria.com/bibliopsiquis/handle/10401/5515 on 12/5/2012.
Language: Spanish
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
La depresión constituye actualmente uno de los problemas más acuciantes en el ámbito de la salud mental. Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica en la que se refleja la eficacia de la terapia de Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR por sus siglas en inglés, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) en el tratamiento de los trastornos depresivos. Aunque este enfoque psicoterapéutico surge inicialmente como una herramienta eficaz en el tratamiento de los trastornos de base traumática, existe cada vez mayor evidencia acerca de su efectividad en el tratamiento de la depresión, dada la relación existente entre la aparición de este trastorno y los acontecimientos vitales estresantes. Presentamos además una visión general de la terapia EMDR y sus ocho fases, y el modelo sobre el que se sustenta, el Modelo PAI (Procesamiento Adaptativo de la Información). El Modelo PAI explica las bases de la patología, predice éxitos en los resultados clínicos, y guía en la conceptualización de casos y los planes de tratamiento. En consonancia con otras teorías del aprendizaje, el modelo PAI propone la existencia de un sistema de procesamiento de la información capaz de integrar nuevas experiencias en las redes de memoria ya existentes. Esas redes de memoria constituyen las bases de la percepción, de las actitudes y del comportamiento. Las percepciones acerca de las situaciones actuales se conectan automáticamente con las redes de memoria asociadas.
At present, the Depression is one of the most pressing problems in the field of the mental health. This article presents a bibliography review where the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) approach shows efficacy in the Depressive Disorders. Although, this psychotherapy approach emerges, in the beginning as a efficiency tool in the treatment of the disorders with traumatic basis, its increasingly clear the evidence about of EMDR effectiveness in the Depression treatment, under the relationship between the inception of the disorder and vital stress events. We present an overview of the EMDR therapy, his eight phases and the AIP (Adaptative Information Processing) model is supported on. The AIP model explains the basis of pathology, predicts successful clinical outcomes, and guides case conceptualization and treatment procedures. Consistent with other learning theories, the AIP model posits the existence of an information processing system that assimilates new experiences into already existing memory networks. These memory networks are the basis of perception, attitudes, and behavior. Perceptions of current situations are automatically linked with associated memory networks.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Model AIP Model Depression PAI Model Stressful Events
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. Knipe, J. (2008, Maart). EMDR en sterk wordt vastgehouden psychologische verdedigingsmechanismen het voorkomen van directe toegang tot bewuste en doelgerichtheid van de post-traumatisch materiaal [EMDR and strongly held psychological defenses preventing direct conscious access and targeting of post-traumatic material]. Presentatie op het derde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Een specifieke EMDR procedures die nuttig is met cliënten die zich sterk hebben gehouden psychologische verweren die bewuste directe toegang te voorkomen en de gerichtheid van post-traumatische materiaal is volledig te verklaren met uitgebreid gebruik van video-materiaal met de gerichtheid van de verdedigingswerken van vermijding (bijvoorbeeld vermijden van zeer verontrustende herinneringen , vermijden van verantwoordelijkheden, te vermijden in de vorm van uitstel), idealisering van het zelf (bijv. narcistische karaktertrekken van bijzonders en het recht) en de idealisering van anderen (bv. verlangen naar een verloren geliefde, of trauma-obligatie gehechtheid aan een dader). Vaak zijn cliënten die depressief bent en anderen die te idealiseren opereren vanuit een kern eigen ego staat van schaamte, en tijdens deze zeer praktische workshop leert u hoe jammer soms kan worden opgelost met behulp van gerichte en EMDR-methoden.
A specific EMDR procedures that is useful with clients who have strongly held psychological defenses that prevent direct conscious access and targeting of post-traumatic material is fully explained with extensive use of video material showing the targeting of defenses of avoidance (e.g. avoidance of extremely troubling memories, avoidance of responsibilities, avoidance in the form of procrastination), idealization of self (e.g. narcissistic traits of specialness and entitlement) and idealization of others (e.g. longing for a lost lover, or trauma-bond attachment to a perpetrator). Often clients who are depressed and who idealize others are operating from a core self ego state of shame, and during this highly practical workshop you will learn how shame can sometimes be targeted and resolved using EMDR methods.
Keywords: Psychological Defenses Targeting
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Parrett, B. A. (1997, July). EMDR enters the legal system. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Accuracy Verified: Yes
85. Peterson, G. (2002). EMDR for women who experience traumatic events. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(11), 1047-1048. Author reply 1048..
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Comments on an article by E. B. Foa and G. P. Street,"Women and Traumatic Events, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 62(Suppl 17), 2001. Special issue: Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder, pp. 29-34 regarding psychotherapeutic interventions for women with PTSD. It is noted that Foa and Street describe other psychotherapy procedures, but do not mention eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Peterson cites that in Effective Treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies [ISTSS] , 2 psychotherapy treatments for PTSD are listed as having been shown to be effective: exposure therapy and EMDR. SIT is reported to have had 2 well-controlled studies published on the treatment of PTSD. Both SIT studies were with female sexual assault victims. It is concluded that given that EMDR has been established as effective in the ISTSS guidelines, it may be important for the reader to know that this form of therapy may be applied when confronting the issues addressed in this article. A comment by Foa follows. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Females Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape
Accuracy Verified: Yes
86. Peterson, G. & Foa, A. (2002, November). EMDR for women who experience traumatic events [4] (multiple letters). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(11), 1047-1048.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
It is noted that Foa and Street describe other psychotherapy procedures, but do not mention eye movement desensitization and reprocessing #EMDR#. Peterson cites that in Effective Treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies [ISTSS] , 2 psychotherapy treatments for PTSD are listed as having been shown to be effective: exposure therapy and EMDR. SIT is reported to have had 2 well-controlled studies published on the treatment of PTSD. Both SIT studies were with female sexual assault victims. It is concluded that given that EMDR has been established as effective in the ISTSS guidelines, it may be important for the reader to know that this form of therapy may be applied when confronting the issues addressed in this article. A comment by Foa follows. #PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Females Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Reply
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. Kiessling, R. (2013, May). EMDR from a belief focused perspective. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Beliefs are the meta-perception of life’s experiences (Shapiro 2001). Target Sequence Plans bundled around core
belief schema provide an effective, efficient and safe approach to case conceptualization and EMDR treatment.
This workshop will clarify questions asked by EMDR Clinicians such as:
• Are all NC/PCs Core Belief Schemas?
• Are your Targeting Sequence Plans Core Belief Schema Bundled or just a shotgun of targets based upon
“What do you want to work on today?”
• Does “What does it say about you” really address ‘what it means about you!?
• Are you’ staying out of the way’ when you should be ‘leading the way’!
These and others questions will be clarified through lecture, case examples and video demonstrations.
Through lecture, video demonstration, and practice, participants will:
• Name 3 major differences between the Standard EMDR Protocols and Procedures and EMDR from a ‘Belief Schema Perspective.’
• Describe the 4 primary Belief Schemas used in the ‘Belief Schema Perspective’ to EMDR, and how they assist
the case conceptualization and processing.
• Demonstrate the ability to develop a Belief Focused Targeting Sequence Plan and appropriately process the
targets identified within the Standard Three Pronged Protocol.
Keywords: Core Beliefs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. Hase, M. (2001, May). EMDR in a critical incident in Germany (prison riot). Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The prison system serves, among many others, one important goal: to separate those members
of society, who are dangerous to others, from the more peaceful and law-abiding majority. As
a consequence one could assume that the inmates of a prison from a, subgroup of human
beings, distinct by their aggressive potential. Though this is not true for all of the prisoners, it may be true for many of them. It is a well known fact, at least in Germany, that procedures
for controlling the safety in a prison, can't eliminate criminal behaviour or dealing with drugs
in a prison. One could assume, that even if an adequate standard of safety is upheld, a prison
would be a dangerous place to work in and that prison staff would be at a considerable risk of
being traumatised at work. In the prison system in Lower Saxony, Germany, between 5 and
10 recently traumatised staff are invited to participate in a group consultation each year. The
number of unrecorded cases is certainly much higher. In contrast there is not much literature about traumatisation of prison staff. On the other hand
prison staff are regarded as a population often reluctant to engage in psychotherapy and
leaving psychotherapy prematurely, without a significant treatment effect.
On 13th of August 1999 a prisoner attacked prison staff at Uelzen prison in Lower Saxony,
Germany. The perpetrator killed two members of staff, wounded two others severely and
committed suicide immediately afterwards. More members of staff suffered from the
psychological effects of the violence. The Critical Incident Team within the Ministry of
Justice provided intensive care and counselling. 15 members of staff were identified as a
high risk group to develop PTSD. 10 members of staff began psychotherapy. 7 qualified for
a diagnosis of PTSD, 3 for related diagnoses, according to ICD-10 criteria None of them left
therapy prematurely. One member of staff suffered from the effects of a civil war situation
experienced 15 years before, with a late onset PTSD triggered by vicarious traumatisation.
Only one remains out of work, but does not qualify for a diagnosis of PTSD at present. Three
are still in therapy. 7 patents ended therapy with a complete recovery. EMDR was applied to
great extent in 9 of the 10 cases. EMDR was tolerated well and proved to be fast and
efficient. Treatment effects seem to last over time. Setting the focus on the trauma and using
EMDR as a specific psychotherapeutic method seems to provide an accepted strategy with
significant gains for this population.
Keywords: Critical Incident Prison Recent Events Riot
Accuracy Verified: Yes
89. Mehrotra, S. (2013, June). EMDR in Asia: Needs, challenges and way ahead. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper tries to highlight the milestones of some of the Asian EMDR Associations and the evolution of EMDR Asia and the practices and challenges faced. Some of the issues are related to the parity of trainees’ qualifications with those from USA, Europe and within Asia. Similarly it impacts upon the training standards. Attention is also drawn to the cultural, language and economical diversity. The task ahead is to reinforce the uniformity of EMDR practice by developing accreditation procedures, standardization, training standards, contents and duration, selection criteria and requirements for the trainees and trainers, certification process, curriculum, linkages with associations, methods of supervision and consultation. UN agencies have a huge presence in Asia for developmental and relief work. UN agencies engaged in a wide range of the health spectrum could make a huge difference if they promoted the efficacy of EMDR for effective management of psychological health. This would include the use of EMDR not only for manmade and natural disasters, but also for other chronic and life threatening illnesses e.g. HIV, cancer and other psycho-social issues related to mental health.
Keywords: Asia Diversity Keynote
Accuracy Verified: Yes
90. Schubbe, O. (2000). EMDR in der therapie mit psychisch traumatisierten jugendlichen [EMDR in the treatment of the mentally traumatized young people]. Institut für Traumatherapie.
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Der erste Teil des Beitrags fasst den Stand der Forschung zu EMDR zusammen. Der zweite Teil beschreibt ein paar allgemeine Aspekte der Traumatherapie mit Jugendlichen und der dritte die Anwendung von EMDR bei Jugendlichen in Verbindung mit einer manualisierten Vorgehensweise nach Dr. Ricky Greenwald. EMDR ist keine neue Therapierichtung, sondern ein schulenergänzendes Zusatzverfahren; und so ist die hier vorgestellte Möglichkeit, EMDR bei Jugendlichen anzuwenden, nur eine von vielen, die sich allerdings bewährt hat.
Der steile Weg von EMDR zur wissenschaftlichen Anerkennung war von Anfang an von großer Begeisterung und heftigen wissenschaftlichen Kontroversen begleitet. Shapiros erste Berichte (1989a, 1989b) mit Darstellungen der Vorgehensschritte beschrieben bedeutsame Besserungen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) nach einer einzigen Sitzung "Eye Movement Desensitization" (EMD). Auf dem Hintergrund, dass PTBS bis dahin als schwer behandelbar und die Behandlungsmethoden als langwierig, anstrengend und begrenzt wirksam galten (Solomon, Gerrity, & Muff, 1992), stieß EMDR zunächst auf skeptische Zurückhaltung. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gab es nur noch eine weitere Wirksamkeitsstudie zur Therapie von PTBS, in der Peniston (1986) 45 Sitzungen Entspannung und Systematische Desensibilisierung plus Biofeedback mit einer Kontrollgruppe ohne Therapie verglichen und nur bei einzelnen Symptomen [Albträume, Muskelanspannung, Angst] von PTBS einen signifikanten Rückgang festgestellt hatte. Im Jahr der ersten Untersuchung von Francine Shapiro wurden noch drei weitere Untersuchungen zur Behandlung von PTBS veröffentlicht, von denen keine auch nur annähernd vergleichbare Behandlungserfolge berichten konnte.
The first part of the paper summarizes the state of research on EMDR. The second part describes some general aspects of trauma therapy with adolescents and the third is the use of EMDR among young people in conjunction with a manualized approach to Dr. Ricky Greenwald. EMDR therapy is not a new direction, but a schulenergänzendes additional procedures, and so is the opportunity presented here, EMDR applicable to young people, only one of many that has proven, however.
The steep path of EMDR to the scientific recognition was accompanied by the beginning of great enthusiasm and fierce scientific controversies. Shapiro's first reports (1989a, 1989b) with descriptions of the action steps described significant improvement of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a single session "Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD). On the background of PTSD until then treated as serious and the treatment methods were considered to be lengthy, exhausting, and have limited effect (Solomon, Gerrity, & Muff, 1992), EMDR struck first on skeptical restraint. At this time there was only one additional efficacy study for the treatment of PTSD, in the Peniston (1986) 45 meetings, relaxation and systematic desensitization plus biofeedback with a control group compared with no therapy and only in individual symptoms [nightmares, muscle tension, fear] of PTSD a significant decrease was noted. In the first investigation by Francine Shapiro, three other studies have been published for the treatment of PTSD, which was able to report not even close to comparable treatment results.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Seijo, N. (2011, November). EMDR in dissociative disorders: The progressive approach. Presentation at the 26th Annual International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Montreal, QE .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Abstract: After the first cautions for the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, many proposals have been done to adapt EMDR procedures to this specific population. Interesting interventions have been done for the use of EMDR in the preparation phase, but in spite of these useful proposals, EMDR is still considered by many clinicians as an intervention that is limited for the treatment of traumatic memories. From this conceptualization, which we have called the all/nothing perspective, the use of EMDR is strongly limited. Many clinicians wait years for trauma reprocessing. As a consequence of this conceptualization, many EMDR therapists do not use EMDR with most of their dissociative clients, and just use it with highly functioning patients, sometimes after years of therapy with other approaches. In this workshop we will describe (and exemplify with clinical cases and videos) different interventions with EMDR in dissociative clients, from the preparatory phase, in what we have called a Progressive Approach. The way in which specific EMDR procedures can contribute to enhance recovery in survivors will be explained. For doing this, concepts from the different approaches and scientific knowledge about severe traumatization will be integrated with the Adaptive Information Processing Model from EMDR. The idea is to propose a holistic model for EMDR therapy in Dissociative Disorders. The interweaving between theoretical concepts and clinical procedures, theoretical developments and video examples, will allow the audience to assimilate information and translate it to their clinical practice. Therapist from approaches different from EMDR will understand what this therapy can offer to the treatment of severely traumatized people. EMDR therapists will learn new proposals of interventions at the different phases of the treatment. We will present different examples of interventions in severely traumatized patients: DID, DESNOS, BPD and Somatoform dissociation.
Keywords: Dissociative Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Gonzalez, A. (2013, June). EMDR in dissociative disorders: The progressive approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After the first cautions for the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, many proposals have been done to adapt EMDR procedures to this specific population. Nevertheless EMDR is still considered by many clinicians as an intervention that is limited to the treatment of traumatic memories in highly functioning dissociative clients, after a long preparation phase. From this conceptualization the use of EMDR is strongly limited, and many trauma survivors cannot benefit of it.
In this workshop a comprehensive model for EMDR therapy in Dissociative Disorders (the Progressive Approach) will be proposed. From this extended framework, different interventions with EMDR in dissociative clients will be described, including procedures to prepare and stabilize these clients. The integration of these specific EMDR procedures into a group therapy for trauma survivors will be described. The interweaving between theoretical developments, clinical procedures and video examples will allow the audience to assimilate information and translate it to their clinical practice.
Learning objectives:
Propose a comprehensive model to approach dissociative clients from the EMDR perspective, connecting theoretical developments and clinical procedures;
Identify difficult situations in EMDR therapy of severely traumatized people and describe EMDR procedures for dissociative clients, all along the different phases of treatment;
Illustrate the “progressive approach” for the treatment of dissociative disorders with clinical examples and video fragments of individual and group sessions so EMDR therapists can understand when, where and how to apply these procedures in their clinical practice.
Keywords: Dissociative Disorders Progressive Approach
Accuracy Verified: Yes
93. Cohen, A., & Lahad, M. (1999). EMDR in hospital intervention. In O. Ayalon, M. Lahad, A. Cohen (Ed.), Community stress prevention, v.3 (pp. 14-20). Kiriat Shmona: Community Stress Prevention Centre.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The therapeutic effectiveness of EMDR has been wel1 documented since 1989, but the technique is far from reaching its optimal utilisation in the clinical and psychological world. I wish to present a case in which the improvement on the part of the patient was rapid, possibly even astounding to those who are unfamiliar with EMDR. The implications of this treatment for me, however, were much further reaching. Many of the points outlined in theoretical training sessions were brought home most strongly and many more priceless pieces of advice for people who wish to be of assistance to someone who has been involved in a traumatic incident were made so clearly apparent. [Text, p. 14]
Keywords: Adults Case Report Females Medical Procedures Multiple Traumatic Events Phobia Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
94. Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Moskowitz, A. (2012, June). EMDR in psychosis and severe mental disorders [EMDR en psicosis y trastorno mental severo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Interactions between trauma and biology, dissociation and psychosis are
complex. Some cases could be more biologically based, and traumatic events may
trigger a psychotic episode or contribute to the low-response to usual
interventions. But traumatic experiences could also influence neurodevelopment
and brain structure. In some cases past adverse events may be a main factor in the
development of psychotic psychopathology. The treatment of psychotic disorders
with a specifically trauma-oriented therapy as EMDR, can help us to evaluate the
relative contribution of these different factors from clinical results. The empirical
research about the application of EMDR will be also reviewed.
A relevant point for EMDR therapy in psychotic disorders is the complex
relationship between dissociation and psychosis. Patients presenting with the
belief of being controlled by an external force, intrusive thoughts and hallucinatory
voices that comment on one's thoughts or actions or that have a conversation with
other hallucinated voices, are easily diagnosed as schizophrenic or psychotic but
can often be best understood and approached as dissociative symptoms. These
patients can be treated with EMDR, but the procedures present relevant
modifications in relation with the standard EMDR procedure for PTSD.
In this workshop we will briefly describe how EMDR can be applied in different
examples of psychotic patients, and based on these clinical examples (presented a case-descriptions or videos, we will reflect on the previously described aspects.
Las
interacciones
entre
trauma
y
biología,
disociación
y
psicosis
son
complejas.
Algunos
casos
pueden
estar
más
basados
en
el
ámbito
biológico,
y
los
eventos
traumáticos
pueden
ser
disparadores
de
un
episodio
psicótico
o
contribuir
a
la
baja
respuesta
ante
las
intervenciones
usuales.
Pero
las
experiencias
traumáticas
pueden
también
influenciar
el
neurodesarrollo
y
la
estructura
cerebral.
En
Algunos
casos
eventos
adversos
del
pasado
pueden
ser
el
principal
factor
para
desarrollar
psicosis
o
una
psicopatología.
El
tratamiento
de
los
trastornos
psicóticos
con
un
terapia
orientada
al
trauma
como
el
EMDR
nos
ayudan
a
evaluar
la
contribución
relativa
de
distintos
factores
a
los
resultados
clínicos.
La
investigación
empírica
acerca
de
la
aplicación
del
EMDR
también
será
revisada.
Un
punto
relevante
de
la
Terapia
EMDR
en
trastornos
psicóticos
es
el
resultado
complejo
de
la
relación
entre
disociación
y
psicosis.
Los
pacientes
que
presentan
creencias
de
control
por
fuerzas
externas,
pensamientos
intrusivos
y
voces
alucinatorias
que
comentan
las
acciones
o
pensamientos
o
tienen
una
conversación
con
otras
voces
alucinatorias,
normalmente
son
diagnosticadas
como
esquizofrenia
y
psicosis
pero
en
algunas
ocasiones
estarían
mejor
entendidas
desde
un
enfoque
que
las
considerara
síntomas
disociativos.
Estos
pacientes
pueden
ser
tratados
con
EMDR,
pero
los
procedimientos
presentan
modificaciones
referentes
al
procedimiento
estándar
de
EMDR
para
el
TEPT.
Keywords: Psychosis Severe Mental Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
95. Ilic, Z. (2004). EMDR in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with prisoners of war. In Ž. Špiric, G. Kneževic, V. Jovic, & G. Opacic (Eds.), Torture in war: Consequences and rehabilitation of victims – Yugoslav experience. (pp. 281-289). Belgrade, Serbia: International Aid Network.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The experience of imprisonment and torture of exposure to psychophysical stress is the highest intensity, which leads to high percentage of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and has a tendency hronifikacije. The program of assistance to victims of torture at the Centre for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims-IAN Belgrade apply the method of cognitive behavioral desensitization and reprocessing rapid eye movements (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing - EMDR), which has proven successful in treatment and is part of an integrative therapeutic procedures. The paper presented a theoretical concept of this method with some specific work with victims of torture and the case [Author]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Serbs Survivors Torture Yugoslav Wars of Secession
Accuracy Verified: Yes
96. Shapiro, F. (1999). EMDR in the treatment of trauma. EMDR Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 1-11.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
EMDR has had more published case reports and controlled research to support it than any other method
used in the treatment oftrauma. See Shapiro (1995) for procedures, protocols, theories, and discussion of
of clitllcally valid research criteria. See Shapiro & Forrest (1997) for a comprehensive narrative of cases,
and in-session transcripts, and "EMDR for Trauma" in the APA Psychotherapy Videotape series.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
97. Saêta, L. B. (2012, Novembro). EMDR no tratamento da dor e das sensações fantasmas [EMDR in the treatment of pain and phantom sensations]. In EMDR e dor crônica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Sujeitos vítimas de amputação podem apresentar, imeditamente após a mesma, algum tipo de desconforto no membro ausente, descrito como formigamento, dormência, posição do membro, temperatura, latejamento, choque e apertamento que podem manifestar-se com a presença ou não de dor, tendo sua qualidade de vida reduzida. Observa-se que atualmente, as abordagens terapêuticas usadas no manejo da dor e das sensações fantasmas podem ser organizadas em três modalidades: medicamentosa, de apoio e cirúrgica, feitas em conjunto ou separadamente. Os tratamentos de apoio mais conhecidos incluem estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea, terapia vibratória, acupuntura, hipnose e biofeedback. A proposta desse estudo foi verificar a eficiência do EMDR na redução e/ou eliminação das sensações e da dor fantasmas aplicado a seis sujeitos com amputação de membro inferior, num período de um a três meses de duração (de 4 a 12 sessões de 60 a 90 minutos de duração), utilizando o protocolo EMDR padrão e o protocolo EMDR para a dor, e também exercícios corporais de respiração consciente, aliados, em casos de resistência dos sujeitos ao EMDR, à ativação da visão macular dos dois olhos e a exercícios rítmicos de espernear. Tais procedimentos proporcionaram uma melhor comunicação entre os hemisférios cerebrais, numa reorganização cortical que facilitou o aumento da consciência e aceitação da perda do membro amputado, sendo possível presenciar efeitos terapêuticos positivos e rápidos. Constatou-se que as sensações e as dores fantasmas diminuíram significativamente em três participantes e desapareceram por completo nos outros três, comprovando a eficácia e eficiência do EMDR no processo de inclusão e readaptação social em sujeitos vítimas de amputação.
Subjected victims of amputation may have, immediately after it, some kind of discomfort absent member, described as tingling, numbness, limb position, temperature, throbbing, clenching and shock that may occur with the presence or absence of pain, having a reduced quality of life. It is observed that currently, the therapeutic approaches used in the management of pain and phantom sensations can be organized into three types: medication, and surgical support, made jointly or separately. The most popular treatments include support transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, vibratory therapy, acupuncture, hypnosis and biofeedback. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of EMDR in the reduction and / or elimination of phantom sensations and pain applied to six subjects with lower limb amputation in a period of one to three months duration (4 to 12 sessions of 60 to 90 minutes), using the standard EMDR protocol and the protocol EMDR for pain, and also body conscious breathing exercises, combined, in cases of resistance to the subject of EMDR, the activation of macular vision in both eyes and rhythmic exercises kicking . These procedures allow for a better communication between the cerebral hemispheres, cortical reorganization in which facilitated the increased awareness and acceptance of the loss of the amputated limb, and you can witness the positive therapeutic effects and fast. It was found that the sensations and phantom pain significantly decreased in three participants and disappeared completely in the other three, proving the efficiency and effectiveness of EMDR in the process of inclusion and social rehabilitation of victims subject to amputation.
Keywords: Amputation Phantom Pain Phantom Sensation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
98. Hensley, B. J. (2009). An EMDR Primer: From practicum to practice. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book is intended to be a primer for use as a companion to Dr Francine Shapiro's textbook. It serves as a comprehensive review of the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) Model and EMDR principles, protocols and procedures for the newly trained in EMDR and for experienced clinicians who want to review the principles.
Keywords: Practice Primer Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
99. Maxfield, L., & Smyth, N. (2009, August). EMDR research: Where we stand, where we should go, and why we should care. Plenary at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The panel reviews EMDR research, explains the strengths and weaknesses of its current status, and discusses possible future research in the next 5 to 10 years. The panel begins with a discussion of the meaning of “evidence-based” designations, and related legal and ethical implications. A review of EMDR’s efficacy in the treatment of PTSD also highlights areas for future research and issues related to deviations from the standard protocol. This is followed by an overview of preliminary research evaluating EMDR’s effectiveness in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, somatic disorders, pain, substance abuse, and offender behavior. A summary of past and current research in these areas indicates opportunities for important future research. The panel concludes with a summary of the research on the effects of eye movements, in disrupting traumatic memories, enhancing physiological de-arousal, and creating psychological distance. The relevance of these findings for various proposed mechanisms in EMDR is discussed, and future research is encouraged.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
100. Ross, C. (2012). EMDR se basa en un modelo trauma-disociacion de trastornos mentales [EMDR is based on a trauma-dissociation model of mental disorders]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicotraumatología y Disociación, 3(Edicion Especial Sobre Disociacion).
Language: Spanish
Format: Other
Abstract:
El autor presenta una serie de argumentos del porque el reprocesamiento y desensibilización a través del movimiento ocular (EMDR por sus siglas en inglés: Eye Movement Desenstization and Reprocessing) se basa en un modelo trauma-disociación de trastornos mentales. El modelo de EMDR es consistente con las teorías trauma-disociación de Pierre Janet, el modelo BASK de disociación de Braun y la teoría de disociación estructural, la cual es una elaboración reciente de las ideas de Janet. Los procedimientos terapéuticos del EMDR son consistentes con los modelos de tres etapas de psicoterapia para trauma, y EMDR puede utilizarse en el tratamiento de trastornos disociativos complejos sin modificaciones significativas. El autor sugiere que la literatura con los resultados del tratamiento con EMDR puede considerarse como literatura sobre el tratamiento de la disociación inducida por trauma.
The author presents a series of arguments for why desensitization and reprocessing through eye movement (EMDR for short English: Desenstization and Reprocessing Eye Movement) is based on a trauma-dissociation model of mental disorders. The model is consistent with EMDR trauma-dissociation theory of Pierre Janet, the BASK model of dissociation of Braun and the theory of structural dissociation, which is a recent development ideas Janet. EMDR therapeutic procedures are consistent with models of three stages of psychotherapy for trauma, EMDR can be used in the treatment of complex dissociative disorders without significant modifications. The author suggests that literature with the results of EMDR therapy can be considered as literature on the treatment of trauma-induced dissociation
Keywords: Trauma-Dissociation Model
Accuracy Verified: Yes
101. Laub, B. (2006, June). EMDR standard protocol in the personal resources and the settlement to be found. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Resource Development, EMDR is an addition to standard protocol. Procedure of each session to reveal the source of healing and therapy by the end of the beginning of a resource series covers the creation. Personal resources and the settlement to be found exactly matching procedure to the problem of uncovering the unconscious and strengthen cross-country skiing in both sessions, as well as in everyday life is to make accessible. There are three types of resource development: Historical Resource Development, Present and Future Development Resources Resources Development. Standard protocol problems, sensory, cognitive, emotional and somatic components are becoming a focus can be achieved. Personal Resources Development in the settlement, resources focus dialectic movement is intensified. Sources of development activity in recent years both in Israel and other EMDR therapists Brurit Laub'ın is observed in the practice. Procedures and video images live applications and small groups will be presented with applications that can be made, personal resources development and placement will be given immediately to the practice of protocol participants.
Keywords: Historical Resource Development Resource Development
Accuracy Verified: Yes
102. Lombardo, M. (2012). EMDR target timeline. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 37-46. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.37.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This Clinical Q&A section responds to a question about organizing a client's historical information into a targeting sequence within a treatment plan that is consistent with Shapiro's (2001) three-pronged protocol. The procedures for identifying and prioritizing treatment eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) targets are reviewed in the context of Shapiro's theoretical model, and various time line models are summarized. The author then presents her EMDR Target Time Line, which provides a practical simple visual tool for documenting past, present, and future aspects of the presenting problem. It allows the therapist to note if disturbing past experiences present around a core theme, such as negative cognitions, physical symptoms, or situations/persons/circumstances. Three clinical cases are used to illustrate the form's application with various types of treatment targets.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP: Clinical Application Core Theme Time Line Treatment Target
Accuracy Verified: Yes
103. Manfield, P. (1998). EMDR terms and procedures: Resolution of uncomplicated depression. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st Ed.) (pp. 15-36). New York: W. W. Norton. xii, 292 pp.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Keywords: Adults Americans. Child Abuse Depressive Disorders Life Experiences Males Psychotherapeutic Processes Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
104. Shapiro, F. (2012, February 27). EMDR therapy and Getting Past Your Past. Good Therapy. Retrieved from http://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/emdr-therapy-your-past-0227126/ on 6/26/012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The purpose of Getting Past Your Past is to help liberate readers by giving them a comprehensive understanding of why they respond to the world in ways that don’t serve them and what they can do about it. The book provides self-help procedures derived from EMDR therapy to identify the earlier memories that are the basis of the problem and other techniques to help change their reactions. Through stories, detailed descriptions, and step-by-step instructions, readers will be able to take self-exploration and healing into their own hands. Guidelines are also provided to help them decide if additional professional assistance is needed. The book is written in an easy conversational style so that it is accessible to both the general public and therapists interested in exploring a different paradigm. A wide range of luminaries in the field of psychology have highly recommended the book for both clinicians and laypeople (http://www.emdr.com/coming-soon.html). [Excerpt]
Keywords: General
Accuracy Verified: Yes
105. Sadatun, T. I. (2008, June). EMDR therapy for tsunami & armed conflicts survivors in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Indonesian Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darusalam (NAD) is a region which is facing a unique set of problems,
among which is the protracted internal conflict, exacerbated by the tsunami on December 26, 2004. These events
have generated a widespread impact on the lives of the communities. One of the most crucial issues to be
addressed aside from legal, security, social and economic problems is the matter of health, including mental
health. In regards to mental health issues, comprehensive steps have been formulated into various mental health
care programs. One of the most needed programs is establishment of an educational system rooted in Indonesia
for the treatment of the posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) of victims of crises and catastrophes through the
implementation of specific methods of treatment with a focus on the introduction of EMDR. With great support
from BMZ- TDH-Germany, HAP-Germany and Trauma Aid, capacity building on EMDR training has been
developed. Even though EMDR is highly effective as trauma healing therapy it is also a complex treatment to be
addressed in this specific population like in the province of NAD. Further than time constrain, limited numbers of
trauma therapist available and high numbers of severe cases that urgently need to be treated, complexities also
arises from cultural and religious aspects. The society in NAD is marked by decade long isolation, violent conflicts
for political self-determination and the strict interpretation of the Islam. The Sharia (doctrine of the Islam
including moral and judicial duties) was introduced as part of the laws. Due to this condition, for the time being
stabilization technique in EMDR is the most common technique that can be of widely used. In this presentation,
varieties of stabilization technique that have been used in this population will be addressed. More specifically, as
culturally adjustable method in therapy, this presentation will also introduce several culturally acceptable
stabilization techniques such as combining religious rituals (chanting, reciting) as personal resource with
stabilization technique. These techniques might be useful for other population with similar culture and religion.
Keywords: Armed Conflicts Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia Poster Survivors Tsunami
Accuracy Verified: Yes
106. Shapiro, F. (2010, Spring/Summer). EMDR therapy: Adaptive information processing, clinical applications and research recommendations. Trauma Psychology Newsletter, 12-18.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
I want to begin by thanking the Division for honoring
me with the 2009 Award for Outstanding Contributions
to Practice in Trauma Psychology. I was very touched
to have received the award in the 20th year since the publication
of my first article in the Journal of Traumatic
Stress in 1989. I also appreciate this invitation to
provide an update on some of the recent advances
in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR) practice that are relevant to the Division,
along with a clarification of its current procedures
and theoretical underpinnings. For instance, due in
part to my first publication, which described “EMD”
solely in terms of desensitization with repeated
return to the target memory, many in the field
are unaware that, as EMDR, it is no longer simply
an exposure treatment. In fact, with the accent
on “reprocessing,” EMDR pays only occasional attention to the initial target and, importantly,
includes the facilitation of an association process
that actually contradicts most of the tenets of current exposure
therapies. Therefore, I will also take this opportunity to explain
some of the differences between these treatment orientations,
since this distinction points the way to additional clinical
applications and research opportunities. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Ressearch
Accuracy Verified: Yes
107. Shapiro, F. (2012). EMDR therapy: An overview of current and future research. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 193-195. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.09.005.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Introduction:
EMDR therapy is an eight-phase treatment approach widely recognized as a frontline treatment for trauma. Research over the past decade has addressed the utility of the eye movements, mechanism of action and comparisons with other forms of therapy.
Literature and clinical findings:
More than two-dozen randomized controlled trials (RCT) demonstrate the positive effects of EMDR therapy with trauma victims. Comparisons with trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) indicate comparable effects sizes. Approximately 20 additional RCT evaluated the eye movement component of EMDR in isolation, without the rest of the therapy procedures. These studies document a variety of positive effects, including a rapid decrease in distress and reduced clarity of the targeted disturbing image when compared to exposure-only conditions.
Discussion:
Research findings indicate that EMDR therapy and TF-CBT are based on different mechanisms of action in that EMDR therapy does not necessitate daily homework, sustained arousal or detailed descriptions of the event, and appears to take fewer sessions. EMDR is guided by the adaptive information processing model, which posits a wide range of adverse life experiences as the basis of pathology.
Conclusions:
Research is suggested to further explore mechanisms of action and address issues of efficiency and treatment differences. Rigorous research is also needed to investigate additional clinical applications.
Keywords: Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
108. Knipe, J. (2008, June). EMDR toolbox. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is clear from over 17 published studies that the EMDR method is highly effective in assisting clients in resolving PTSD (Maxfield and Hyer, 2002). However, most clients who enter therapy do not have a simple problem of a single disturbing memory, but a complex history. Typically, clients come to therapy with a mixed presentation, of not only emotional disturbance, but also mental structures and actions which function to soothe, contain, avoid or dissociate from emotional disturbance. Thus, the initial presentation of most clients is complex and often ambivalent. In this workshop, examples will illustrate Adaptive Information Processing methods of targeting and resolving psychological defenses, such as avoidance, ambivalence, and idealization. Also, the BHS/CIPOS (Back-of-the-Head Scale/Constant Installation of Present Orientation and Safety) method will be described. This method is a set of procedures that can be used during the EMDR Desensitization Phase to therapeutically reverse dissociative processes while preserving emotional safety. Video segments from therapy sessions will be shown to illustrate each of these methods.
Keywords: Back-of-the-Head Scale BHS CIPOS Contant Installation of Present Orientation and Safety Psycholgical Defenses Targeting
Accuracy Verified: Yes
109. Knipe, J. (2006, June). EMDR toolbox: Video examples of methods of targeting avoidance, procrastination, affect dysregulation, the pain of being "dumped" by a lover, and a shame-based ego state in a client with a identity disorder. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is clear from over 17 published studies that the EMDR method is highly effective in
assisting clients in resolving PTSD (Maxfield and Hyer, 2002). However, most clients
who enter therapy do not have a simple problem of a single disturbing memory, but a
complex history. Typically, clients come to therapy with a mixed presentation, of not
only emotional disturbance, but also mental structures and actions which function to
soothe, contain, avoid or dissociate from emotional disturbance. Thus, the initial
presentation of most clients is complex and often ambivalent. In this workshop,
examples will illustrate Adaptive Information Processing methods of targeting and
resolving psychological defenses, such as avoidance, ambivalence, and idealization.
Also, the BHS/CIPOS (Back-of-the-Head Scale/Constant Installation of Present
Orientation and Safety) method will be described. This method is a set of procedures
that can be used during the EMDR Desensitization Phase to therapeutically reverse
dissociative processes while preserving emotional safety. Video segments from therapy
sessions will be shown to illustrate each of these methods.
Keywords: Back-of-the-Head Scale BHS CIPOS Contant Installation of Present Orientation and Safety Psycholgical Defenses Targeting
Accuracy Verified: Yes
110. Kennert, G. (2008). EMDR und biofeedback in der behandlung von posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen [EMDR and biofeedback in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder]. Forum Psychotherapeutische Praxis, 8(1), 45-46. doi:10.1026/1860-7357.8.1.45b.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract: rezensiert von Gabriele Kennert, In dem von Stefan Jacobs und Anna de Jong vorgestellten
Behandlungskonzept werden die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie, das EMDR-Verfahren sowie Biofeedback miteinander kombiniert, um die Angstreaktion im Rahmen traumatisierender Erinnerungen zu verringern
bzw. zu hemmen und somit auch die Symptomatik der
posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung abzubauen.
Im ersten Teil des Buches gehen die Autoren eingehend auf den theoretischen Hintergrund (Neurophysiologie, Hirnfunktionen) ein, die mit der neuronalen Bahnung von traumatisierenden Erinnerungen einhergehen. Hierbei vertreten sie die These, dass sich die neuronalen
Bahnungen der Traumata nicht löschen lassen, dass sozusagen die Angstreaktion in der Amygdalaregion im Gehirn löschungsresistent ist und es somit in der Konsequenz im Therapieziel nur um die Verringerung der Angstreaktion, bzw. Hemmung der Angstreaktion gehen könne. Konkret modifizieren die Autoren innerhalb des kognitiv,
verhaltenstherapeutischen Vorgehens das Modell
von Ehlers und Clark, ebenso das EMDR-Verfahren von
Shapiro. Das Biofeedbackverfahren nutzen die Autoren
als diagnostisches Instrument, um die subjektiven Bewertungen seitens der Patienten und Patientinnen auch objektiv überprüfbar zu machen mit Hilfe der Messung der elektrodermalen Aktivität (EDA). Im zweiten Teil des Buches beschreiben sie detailliert eine wissenschaftliche Studie an 16 Patienten und Patientinnen, die an dem Behandlungsprogramm an der Universität Göttingen teilgenommen haben. Hierbei sei bei allen Patienten und Patientinnen eine signifikante positive Symptomveränderung der PTB nachzuweisen gewesen. Im weiteren Teil des Buches stellen sie ihr ausführliches
Therapiekonzept und Behandlungsprotokoll vor.
Es wird eingehend auf die Diagnostik (psychologische
Testverfahren sowie Biofeedback eingegangen, ein wichtiger
Teil ist die Informationsvermittlung sowie Stabilisierung für die Patienten und Patientinnen. Danach erfolgt
die Traumabehandlung mit Konfrontation und Integration. Wert wird hierbei in Abgrenzung zu Shapiro auf die frühzeitige Verbindung zur positiven Kognition gelegt in Verbindung mit Hausaufgaben, die die Patienten
zwischen den Sitzungen bekommen mit eingehenden
Verhaltensübungen. Die Autoren grenzen ein, dass ihre Methode nicht für alle Patienten und Patie tinnen geeignet ist, sondern dissoziative
Störungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen sowie Suchtproblematik explizit ausgeschlossen seien.
Die Stabilisierungsübungen werden praktisch beschrieben (Sicherer Ort, Tresor), ebenso die praktische Anwendung des Biofeedbackverfahrens sowie das Behandlungsprotokoll
für EMDR. Gegen Ende des Bandes schließen sich Fallstudien
aus der Arbeit der Autoren an, um die Praxis zu verdeutlichen.
Im Anhang gibt es Adressenverzeichnisse über den
Bezug von Tests, Biofeedbackgeräten oder Lehrfilmen.
Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass der Band
kurzgefasst, sehr übersichtlich und konkret sowie praxisnah das neuropsychotherapeutische Behandlungsprogramm darstellt, so dass dies hilfreich für die psychotherapeutische
Praxis in Bezug auf Traumabehandlungen erscheint.
Das Buch richtet sich an Fachleute und ist für
Laien eher weniger geeignet.
In the presented text by Stefan Jacobs and Anna de Jong, the treatments approached are the cognitive-behavioral therapy,
the EMDR method and biofeedback
combined to the fear reaction Framework to reduce traumatic memories
or to inhibit and thus the symptoms of
reduce post-traumatic stress disorder.
In the first part of the book, the authors detail
to the theoretical background (neurophysiology,
Brain functions, a), the facilitation of the neuronal accompanied by traumatic memories.
Here, they argued that the neuronal
Facilitations of trauma can not be cleared, so to speak, that the fear response in the Amygdalaregion Brain is resistant to extinction and thus in consequence the goal of therapy just to reduce the fear response, and inhibiting the fear response could. Specifically, the authors modify within the cognitive, behavioral approach, the model
by Ehlers and Clark, as well as the method of EMDR
Shapiro. The biofeedback method, the authors use
as a diagnostic tool for the subjective evaluation
on the part of the patients also
making objectively verifiable by measuring
electrodermal activity (EDA).
In the second part of the book they describe in detail a scientific study of 16 male and female patients, where the treatment program at the University Göttingen participated. Here is at
all patients, and patients had a significant positive Detect symptom change the PTB have been.
In another part of the book they put their detailed Therapeutic approach and treatment protocol first. It will detail the psychological diagnosis (
Test procedures and biofeedback received an important
Part is to communicate information and stabilization for male and female patients. Thereafter the confrontation with trauma treatment and integration. Value in this case in contrast to Shapiro on down early connection to the positive cognition in conjunction with homework, the patients who get between meetings with incoming Behavioral exercises.
The authors of a frontier that their method is not for All male and female patients is appropriate, but dissociative And personality disorders and addiction are explicitly excluded.
The stabilization exercises are described practically
(Safe Place, Safe), as well as the practical
Application of biofeedback procedure and the treatment protocol for EMDR. Towards the end of the tape to close case studies from the work of the authors in order to clarify the practice.
In the appendix, there are records of the address
Terms of testing, biofeedback devices or educational films. In summary, one can say that the band concise, very clear and concrete and practical the neuro-psychological treatment program represents, so this is helpful for the psychotherapeutic Practice in relation to trauma treatment appears. The book is aimed at professionals and is for Lay less suitable.
Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
111. Hornsveld, H. (2008, Maart). EMDR werkt! Maar hoe? [EMDR works! But how?]. Presentatie op de derde conferentie van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Het leidt geen enkele twijfel dat EMDR een effectieve behandelvorm is. EMDR is opgenomen in de guidelines van de International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) waarbij zowel EMDR als Imaginaire Exposure (IE) als ‘treatment of choice’ bij de behandeling van PTSS gelden. Ook in de Nederlandse GGZ-richtlijnen (Trimbos Instituut, 2003) worden EMDR en imaginaire exposure (IE) genoemd als superieure behandelvormen voor PTSS. Rechtstreekse vergelijking van CGt en EMDR leverde echter wisselende resultaten op. Over het geheel genomen kan worden gesteld dat wat betreft effectiviteit er geen duidelijk verschil is vastgesteld tussen CGt en EMDR.
Dit is opvallend, omdat de procedures en de veronderstelde werkingsmechanismen bij IE en EMDR duidelijk verschillen. Bij IE wordt reliving essentieel geacht en bij EMDR distancing. Hier is echter nog nauwelijks expliciet onderzoek naar gedaan; het meeste onderzoek heeft zich tot nu toe gericht op de effectiviteit van EMDR en op de rol van de BLS. In deze presentatie zullen drie eigen experimenten worden besproken die worden uitgevoerd met masterstudenten van de Universiteit Utrecht naar het effect van reliving versus distancing. Het onderzoek bouwt voort op het werk van de Chris Lee en zijn collega’s. (Lee et al 2006)
In het onderzoek worden 3 experimenten uitgevoerd, waarbij de variabele distancing en reliving worden gevarieerd. Verondersteld wordt (vanuit de EMDR visie) dat responses tijdens de desensitisatiefase, die getuigen van distancing leiden tot meer verbetering dan responses die getuigen van reliving. Een tweede onderzoeksvraag die wij beogen te beantwoorden is of dit verschil groter is voor narigheid uit het domein “zelfwaardering” dan voor narigheid uit het “domein controle en machteloosheid”. Een derde onderzoeksvraag betreft de vraag of een verhoogde parasympatische (arousal onderdrukkende) activiteit (een reeds aangetoond effect van BLS) samengaat met veranderingen in SUD-niveau en levendigheid van de herinneringen.
De workshop is bedoeld voor therapeuten die geïnteresseerd zijn in de achtergronden van EMDR. Op zo eenvoudig mogelijke wijze zal een overzicht worden gegeven van de “state of the art” met betrekking tot de veronderstelde werkingsmechanismen. Dit zal worden geïllustreerd met bovengenoemd onderzoek en videomateriaal. Aan het eind van de workshop zal de therapeut zijn cliënten en collega’s iets meer kunnen zeggen dan “ dat EMDR de verwerking stimuleert door de linker en de hersenhelften beter te laten samenwerken, waardoor gevoel en verstand beter met elkaar verbonden raken.”
There is no doubt that EMDR is an effective form of treatment. EMDR is included in the guidelines of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) where both EMDR and imaginal exposure (IE) as treatment of choice in the treatment of PTSD are. Also in the Dutch mental health care directives (Trimbos Institute, 2003) are EMDR and imaginal exposure (IE) identified as superior forms of treatment for PTSD. Direct comparison of CBT and EMDR yielded mixed results, however. Overall it can be stated that in terms of effectiveness there is no clear difference observed between CBT and EMDR.
This is striking because the procedures and mechanisms assumed by IE and EMDR markedly different. When IE is reliving considered essential to EMDR and distancing. There is still little research has been done explicitly, most research has hitherto focused on the effectiveness of EMDR and the role of the BLS. This presentation will discuss three own experiments conducted with master students of the University of Utrecht to the effect of relieving versus distance. The research builds on the work of Chris Lee and his colleagues. (Lee et al 2006)
In the study, three experiments, with variable distancing and reliving be varied. It is assumed (from the EMDR vision) that responses during desensitisatiefase, evidence of distancing lead to more improvement than responses that show reliving. A second research question we seek to answer is whether this difference is in trouble from the domain "esteem" than for trouble from the "domain control and powerlessness". A third research question concerns whether an increased parasympathetic (arousal suppressive) activity (an effect already demonstrated BLS) is associated with changes in SUD level and vividness of the memories.
The workshop is designed for therapists interested in the backgrounds of EMDR. In the simplest possible manner, an overview of the state of the art "regarding the supposed mechanisms of action. This will be illustrated with the above study and video material. At the end of the workshop, the therapist will have clients and colleagues can say little more than "that EMDR stimulates the processing by the left and the brain work better together, making sense and intellect more interrelated."
Accuracy Verified: Yes
112. Paulsen, S. (2010, October). EMDR with dissociative clients: 17 secrets. Presentation at the 27th Annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Unmodified EMDR can harm dissociative clients if it prematurely breaches dissociative barriers overwhelming
the client’s capacity and resources. Practitioners must
screen for dissociation and use special procedures to safely
use EMDR with these clients. The workshop will cover critical guidelines and techniques to pace and troubleshoot
EMDR with dissociative clients within the phased
treatment model, for clients ranging from DDNOS to DID.
Assessment and stabilization are key to preparing clients
for trauma work. The workshop offers methods to increase
affect tolerance, establish a two-step containment habit, and
orient personalities to person place and time. Other topics
include: increasing tolerance of body sensation and affect,
and enhancing compassion for self and others, directly
working with introjects or other “monstrous” shame-laden
parts, essential to reducing internal conflict and resistance
to therapy. The workshop instructs in specific ego state
strategies and imagery to provide sufficient resources,
maintain an observing ego. Rooted in the hypnotic tradition,
stabilization methods to pace and fractionate the work
within EMDR while interspersing trauma work with sessions
that consolidate gains. The workshop also describes the
conference room method and means to trouble-shoot
stuck processing. Finally, the workshop describes the final
phases of therapy, skills building, integration and fusion.
Participants will be able to :
♦♦ explain why and when to assess every client for degree
of dissociation and choose an appropriate protocol.
♦♦ list six tactics for stabilizing clients, prior to doing
EMDR for dissociative clients, to increase rapport,
contain affect, orient to present circumstances,
reduce inner conflict, and build coping resources.
♦♦ structure EMDR sessions using imagery
and ego state interventions for pacing,
fractionating and trouble-shooting the work.
Keywords: Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
113. Murray, K. (2012). EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(4), 187-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.4.1.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
“Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical
case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column
begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application
of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or
problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of
providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’
day-today
practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated
EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging
cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss
of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are
followed with a comprehensive discussion.
Keywords: Bridging Research Grief Mourning Practice
Accuracy Verified: Yes
114. Bisping, V. (2011, June). EMDR with patients with dentophobia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
An appointment at the dentist’s is not what most people look forward to. For some people, however, even the mere thought of having to undergo dental treatment causes them to feel extreme fear and panic. Between 5 and 15% of the world population suffer from such a pathological form of dental fear, called dental phobia. Dentally anxious individuals commonly avoid necessary dental procedures for many years despite deteriorating oral health, agonizing pain and severe psychosocial problems. The majority of individuals with dental phobia recall a traumatic event as cause for the onset of their fear. Interestingly, nearly 50% of them even suffer from posttraumatic stress symptoms, such as intrusive memories, nightmares, hyperarousal and avoidance behavior. EMDR can be a very useful instrument to help dentally anxious people to cope with past traumatic experiences and to prepare them for future confrontations with phobic stimuli.
The 90-minute workshop will give background information to the problem of pathological dental fear and present evidence from research showing that EMDR is an effective treatment method for dentophobia. The main focus will be on the practical procedure, which will be illustrated using video sequences of patient sessions.
Learning objectives:
This workshop will provide you with the following information:
•a short review of current research and literature
•the use of the EMDR protocol in its specific application to dentally anxious patients, with special emphasis on preparing the patient for future confrontations
by working with flashforwards, future template and video check
•ways of combining EMDR with other cognitive, behavioral and imagery techniques in the treatment of dental phobia.
Keywords: Dentophobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
115. Gorrini, Z. & Maquieira, S. (2007, Novembero). EMDR y duelo: Conceptualización, planificación y procedimientos del tratamiento [EMDR and grief: Conceptualization, planning and procedures treatment. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasilia, Brasil.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivos de aprendizaje del trabajo:
- Revisar la conceptualización de Duelo para
EMDR
- Identificar los blancos sobre los que planificar
los procedimientos, especialmente en TEPT
complejo
- Ampliar recursos en los tratamientos de duelo,
en sus dos presentaciones, duelo congelado y
duelo reciente.
- Compartir las experiencias del trabajo en
duelos.
Learning Objectives of work:
- Check the conceptualization of mourning for
EMDR - Identify the targets on which to plan
procedures, especially in PTSD
complex - Increase resources in the treatment of grief,
in his two presentations, frozen grief
recent bereavement.
- Share experiences of working in
duels.
Keywords: Grief
Accuracy Verified: Yes
116. Solomon, R. M., & Shapiro, F. (2010). EMDR y el modelo de procesamiento adaptativo de la informacion (PAI) mecanismos potenciales de cambio [EMDR and adaptive model of information processing (AIP) potential mechanisms of change]. Revista de Psicopterapia, 20(80), 17-37.
Language: Spanish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
La desensibilización y reprocesamiento mediante movimientos oculares (EMDR) es un abordaje terapéutico que está guiado por el modelo de procesamiento adaptativo de la información (PAI). Este artículo proporciona una breve visión de conjunto de algunos de los principales preceptos del PAI. Se plantea la hipótesis de que la base de la patología clínica radicaría en los recuerdos almacenados disfuncionalmente, derivándose los resultados terapéuticos obtenidos del procesamiento de tales recuerdos dentro de redes adaptativas mayores. A diferencia de las terapias de exposición basadas en la extinción, se postula que los recuerdos considerados como diana en el EMDR pueden sufrir la transmutación durante el procesamiento para ser luego almacenados nuevamente durante el proceso de reconsolidación. Por ello, se proporciona una comparación y un contraste con los modelos de procesamiento de la información basados en la extinción como así también el tratamiento, que incluye las repercusiones que puede tener para la práctica clínica. A lo largo del artículo se comenta una diversidad de mecanismos de acción, incluidos aquellos que se deducen de los principios del modelo PAI como de los propios procedimientos del EMDR, entre los que figura la estimulación bilateral. A fin de investigar las diversas hipótesis, se ofrecen sugerencias de investigación.
"Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach guided by the adaptive information processing (AIP) model. This article provides a brief overview of some of the major precepts of AIP. The basis of clinical pathology is hypothesized to be dysfunctionally stored memories,with therapeutic change resulting from the processing of these memories within larger adaptive networks. Unlike extinction-based exposure therapies, memories targeted in EMDR are posited to transmute during processing and are then again stored by a process of reconsolidation. Therefore, a comparison and contrast to extinction-based information processing models and treatment is provided, including implications for clinical practice. Throughout the article a variety of mechanisms of action are discussed, including those inferred by tenets of the AIP model, and the EMDR procedures themselves, including the bilateral stimulation. Research suggestions are offered in order to investigate various hypotheses."
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Mechanisms of Change
Accuracy Verified: Yes
117. Jácome, S. (2007, Novembro). EMDR y psicodrama [EMDR and psychodrama]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivos de aprendizaje:
• mostrar de una manera práctica los cambios
de paradigmas en la atención psicoterapéutica
desde la perspectiva del EMDR en cuanto a
fortalecer los recursos del ser humano.
• demostrar cómo el método de EMDR puede
integrarse con otros procedimientos grupales
como el psicodrama.
• presentar la técnica psicodramática de Pilares
de la Vida con EMDR en un contexto de grupo.
Learning Objectives:
• show a practical way changes
paradigms in the psychotherapeutic
from the perspective of EMDR as a
strengthen human resources.
• demonstrate how EMDR method can
group integrated with other procedures
as psychodrama.
• present psychodramatic technique of Pillars
Life with EMDR in a group context.
Keywords: Psychodrama
Accuracy Verified: Yes
118. Couto, M., Farate, C., Ramos, S., & Fleming, M. (2012, June). EMDR, setting and therapeutic relationship: A comparative study with CBT and psychoanalytic therapists. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of EMDR is increasingly documented in process and outcome studies. However there is an ongoing debate on whether this effectiveness is mainly due to EMDR therapeutic techniques or to other variables. Since EMDR technical procedures are also related to the way the therapist manages both the space and the therapeutic relationship with the patient there is a growing trend towards the study of the influence of contextual and therapist variables on treatment outcome. This study aims to compare the management of both setting and therapeutic relationship among experienced EMDR, CBT and psychoanalytic therapists. The data and sample correspond to a preliminary phase of a broader research project whose aim is the construction of a psychometric instrument of trans-theoretical nature (Management of the Setting Scale-MSS) aimed at the assessment of setting on therapeutic outcome.
Keywords: CBT Cogntive Behavior Therapy, Poster Psychoanalysis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
119. Greenwald, R. (2007, October). EMDR: Within a phase model of trauma-informed treatment. New York: Haworth Press. ix, 255 pp.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Trauma is a potential source of most types of emotional or behavioral problems. Extensive research has shown EMDR to be an effective and efficient trauma treatment. EMDR Within a Phase Model of Trauma-Informed Treatment offers mental health professionals an accessible plain-language guide to this popular and successful method. The book also introduces the “Fairy Tale Model” as a way to understand and remember the essential phases of treatment and the tasks in each phase.
This manual teaches a clear rationale and a systematic approach to trauma-informed treatment, including often-neglected elements of treatment that are essential to preparing clients for EMDR. The reader is led step by step through the treatment process, with scripted hands-on exercises to learn each skill.
In addition to presenting the fundamental EMDR procedures, EMDR Within a Phase Model of Trauma-Informed Treatment teaches a treatment system that can be applied to a variety of cases. Using research-supported and proven-effective methods, this book takes you through the treatment process with easily-understood dialogues and examples. Explicitly guided exercises produce hands-on skills and familiarize you with ways to explain trauma to clients and prepare them for EMDR. You will also learn to problem-solve challenging cases using the trauma framework.
Keywords: Phase Model of Trauma-Informed Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
120. Morris-Smith, J. (2002). EMDR: Clinical applications with children. ACPP Occasional Paper No. 19, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Since Francine Shapiro published her original study on Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) in 1989, more than 20,000 therapists in 55 countries have been taught to use this technique. Over the past decade, the procedure has evolved, making it accessible to a wider range of psychological difficulties. The ACPP recently held a very successful conference examining the context in which EMDR can be applied and the range of psychological disorders that it can help.
Contents:
Robert H. Tinker. EMDR for traumatised children around the world
Ricky Greenwald. EMDR and trauma-focused treatment for conduct problems
Joanne Morris-Smith. EMDR: a case for pre-verbal memory?
Eamon McMahon. EMDR in the treatment of attachment and bonding difficulties
Guinevere Tufnell. EMDR: working with the legal system
Alison Russell & Mike O'Connor. Interventions for recovery: the use of EMDR with children in a community-based project
Umran Korkmazler-Oral & Seniz Pamuk. Group EMDR with child survivors of the earthquake in turkey
Tony Roberts. Websites relating to psychological trauma: with emphasis on children
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
121. Horne, B., & Gauvreau, P. (2010, April/May). EMDR: The clinical file as a clinical tool. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will present a simple and specific system for creating a clinical file, which then becomes not just a legal record, but a powerful clinical tool (templates of all forms will be provided, with case illustrations). The AIP-informed conceptual framework for this system of trauma recovery planning will be outlined, with supporting research. Phases 3-8 are only going to be as good as Phases 1 and 2 - the clinician must be able to quickly access clinical information from the file at crucial moments during sessions. This system allows the clinician & client to know exactly where they are at all times. It will help clinicians to improve their clinical work by improving their record-keeping.
Keywords: Clinical File
Accuracy Verified: Yes
122. Bertolotti, G. (2008, June). EMDR: Should be appropriate in a rehabilitation multidisciplinary programme?. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Because EMDR is a powerful short-term therapy effective for confronting and overcoming stress, anxiety, and
trauma which could be its role in an intensive rehabilitation multidisciplinary programme? As well-known PTSD is
the most common diagnostic category used to describe symptoms arising from emotionally traumatic
experience.This disorder presumes that the person experienced a traumatic event involving actual or threatened
death or injury to themselves or others. Some research shows that EMDR is rapid, safe and effective in helping
those who suffer from anxiety, distressing memories, nightmares, insomnia, as consequences from traumatic
events. Several recent reviews have looked at the relationship between medical illness and subsequent PTSD.
Moreover Spindler(2005) published a review with focal point on subjects after cardiovascular disease and mainly
with a focus on prevalence rates, risk factors, and future. Should be possible catch a trauma event right through
in-hospital and use the EMDR when appropriate? Hence how should be tailored an appropriate assessment
procedures during the rehabilitation in-hospital? Anxiety (using a the STAI) and Depression (measured with
Depression Questionnaire) with clinical cut-off score might be useful in screening and an adequately structured
interview could complete in-hospital screening. In a more wide assessment screening a device for
psychophysiological assessment measuring electrodermal activity and heart rate/pulse wave. An elevated
cardiovascular and electrodermal activity during the interview should be an index for selecting a clinical simple of
patients where carry out a deeper assessment in search for a trauma connect to the pre-rehabilitation period or
older. The aforementioned could be a wished-for screen subjects with trauma events both at short or long term
insurgence.
Keywords: Rehabilitation Multidisciplinarian Program
Accuracy Verified: Yes
123. Pacheco, J. Q. (2010, Febrero-Marzo). EMDR: Tratamiento de la fobia social [EMDR: Treatment of social phobia]. Communicacion presentada en: 11º Congreso Virtual de Psiquiatría, Trujillo, Peru, Interpsiquis 2010. Psiquiatria.com..
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Social phobia is one of the most common diseases in the general population, according to
American Psychiatric Association (2000) cited by Olivares-Rodríguez (2006) (1) shows a
prevalence ranges from 1% to 15.6% in Europe, being higher in women than in men
(Olivares, J., 2003) (2), has its onset most frequently in middle adolescence (Olivares-Olivares and
Other, 2007) (3) in these patients presenting symptoms associated with other disorders
anxiety, depression and substance abuse such as alcohol or other legal and illegal drugs
(Olivares, J., 2003) (2), constituting a serious public health problem or suffering
ever had in your life for 9.5% of the population (Olivares, J., 2003) (2)
Social phobia is one of the most common diseases in the general population, according to
American Psychiatric Association (2000) cited by Olivares-Rodríguez (2006) (1) shows a
prevalence ranges from 1% to 15.6% in Europe, being higher in women than in men
(Olivares, J., 2003) (2), has its onset most frequently in middle adolescence (Olivares-Olivares and Other, 2007) (3) in these patients presenting symptoms associated with other disorders
anxiety, depression and substance abuse such as alcohol or other legal and illegal drugs
(Olivares, J., 2003) (2), constituting a serious public health problem or suffering
ever had in your life for 9.5% of the population (Olivares, J., 2003) (2)
Keywords: Social Phobia Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
124. Tufnell, G. (2002). EMDR: Working with the legal system. In J. Morris-Smith (2002) EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 37-41) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This paper reviews the issues with which EMDR practitioners need to be familiar when working with EMDR in a legal context. It will cover issues relating to good practice in the legal context including consent, reliability of evidence and expert witness work. It will include comparisons of hypnosis, claims of false memory, and whether or not to use or withhold EMDR before court work. The paper will assume a basic knowledge of both the legal issues affecting the work of psychotherapists in general and the basics of EMDR practice and will focus mainly on questions specifically relating to the use of EMDR in legal case.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
125. Perkins, B., & Rouanzoin, C. C. (2002, June). EMDR: Clarifying points of confusion and providing information. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Confusion regarding EMDR has lead to the need for the education of clients and professionals alike. Participants will learn the theoretical, empirical, and historical issues regarding EMDR and 1) placebo effects; 2) exposure procedures; 3) the eye movement coponent; 4) treatment fidelity issues; 5) outcome studies; and 6) charges of "pseudoscience." This information can then be used to educate clients and other professionall regarding EMDR.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
126. Shapiro, F. (1997, April). EMDR: Setting the record straight. Contemporary Psychology,APA Review of Books, 42(2), 363-364. doi:10.1037/005088 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1997, Vol 42(4), 363-364. Francine Shapiro comments on Jeffrey Lohr's review (see record 2004-17623-008)of Shapiro's book Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols and Procedures (see record 1995-98132-000). The author points out that Lohr has bolstered his argument by citing his own literature reviews, which are also characterized by pervasive misrepresentations of the actual data (Lohr, Kleinknecht, Tolin, & Barrett, 1995; Tolin, Montgomery, Kleinknecht, & Lohr, 1995). In his book review, Lohr questions the interpretations of the research the author gives in the text by saying that "Published accounts that cast doubt on the effect of treatment are ignored or discounted for insubstantial reasons." The author lists four criteria specified in the book for evaluating the clinical applicability of PTSD research results and states that the readers may judge if these criteria are indeed "insubstantial". Contrary to Lohr's implications, the judicious and diverse clinical applications of EMDR explored in the book have been supported by many experts in the field in conjunction with relevant published data. Rather than argue the merits of the proposed Accelerated Information Processing model or review the pervasive errors in Lohr's discussion of it, the author will allow readers to come to their own conclusions. She reaffirms here as she does throughout the text, that debates regarding the model, or the eye movements per se, are not relevant to the question of whether or not the method actually works. EMDR consists of much more than directed eye movements (or alternate stimulation). Rather, it is a complex integrative approach, drawing from psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, systems, and body-oriented therapies. More positive controlled studies support EMDR than any other treatment for PTSD (e.g., Carlson, Chemtob, Rusnak, Hedlund, & Muraoka, in press; Rothbaum, in press; Scheck, Schaeffer, & Gillette, in press; Wilson, Becker, Tinker, 1995, in press; Shapiro, 1996b). All of these studies fulfill accepted standards of objective psychometrics and independent assessors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
Keywords: Lohr Point/Counterpoint
Accuracy Verified: Yes
127. Montgomery, R. W. (1993). An empirical investigation of eye movement desensitization. Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA. AAT 9409413.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Recently, a series of studies have presented a highly unorthodox procedure, Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), which involved the repeated exposure of a subject to their own disturbing memories while generating a series of saccadic eye movements. These reports are largely clinical case reports, therefore the technique has not been empirically validated. The current investigation determined if the simple saccadic eye movements (rhythmically tracking a stimulus) in conjunction with the repeated exposure decreased the intensity of disturbing memories experienced in PTSD or whether such decreases could be obtained through repeated exposure alone. Subject's self-reports and physiological information regarding the discomfort experienced during their disturbing memories were recorded prior to, during, and following treatment. Diagnostic procedures including a structured clinical interview were utilized in making diagnoses.A series of three multiple baseline across subjects single-case experimental designs were utilized. Results indicate that rates of distress were uniformly high during the intake/baseline. The initial control treatment condition, Shapiro's EMD treatment package minus the saccadic eye movements, was ineffective in altering these high levels of distress. Treatment of these 6 patients with the EMD protocol resulted in 5 of the 6 subjects showing clinically significant decreases in their self-reported levels of distress around their intrusive disturbing memories. Physiological data also reflected greater positive change during the EMD treatment for each subject. Overall, the EMD treatment protocol resulted in over a 70% decrease in self-reported distress across the 6 subjects investigated. This investigation of the use of EMD with non-combat PTSD subjects reflects the first investigation of EMD with this population utilizing single-case experimental methodology. The results were clear and dramatic. The treatment was effective with 5 of the 6 subjects and for that subject who reported no positive changes issues of secondary gain for continued disability were salient. Overall, this report represents an attempt to investigate EMD with a PTSD population utilizing a systematically replicated multiple baseline across subjects design. Further investigation, particularly focusing on treatment package dismantling, is therefore called for with EMD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Clinical Trial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
128. Weisz, J. R., Hawley, K. M., & Doss, A. J. (2004). Empirically tested psychotherapies for youth internalizing and externalizing problems and disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North American, 13, 729–815. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2004.05.006.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The term psychotherapy has come to be applied to a broad array of nonmedical
interventions designed to alleviate psychologic distress, reduce maladaptive
behavior, or increase deficient adaptive behavior through counseling,
interaction, a training program, or a predetermined treatment plan. Although the
specific term is relatively recent historically, the general idea is ancient. Roots of
psychotherapy can be found in the ageless tradition of helping by listening,
discussing, and questioning. Among the early Greek philosophers, Socrates
developed a method and a thesis that presaged some modern forms of psychotherapy.
His approach involved questioning others to provoke them to examine
their beliefs, with the goal of bringing them closer to truth. His method reflected
his ‘‘midwife thesis,’’ the notion that the philosopher’s role is to deliver the truth
that already is within others, much as the midwife delivers the baby that is within
a mother. This idea, of course, is not so different from the view many modern
therapists have of their own professional roles. Other approaches that fall under the ‘‘psychotherapy umbrella’’ do not involve talk therapies but rather procedures
that parents, teachers, and other adults use to limit disobedient or disruptive
behavior by boys and girls or to help youngsters focus attention or behave less
impulsively. The struggle by adults to shape, manage, and guide youth behavior
certainly predates even the ancient Greeks.
Keywords: Adolescents Externalization Internalization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
129. Peterson, G. (2003, September). Energy healing methods to supplement EMDR in the treatment of DID. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment (EMDR) is a powerful method for the treatment of PTSD. Therapists may uncover a
covert dissociative disorder in the course of applying EMDR. The presentation will compare the major components of EMDR and energy psychotherapy techniques. Both of these treatment methods have in common 1) focusing on (attuning to) a disturbing problem, issue, or event; 2) applying a prescribed set of procedures to resolve the disturbance or imbalance. Participants will grasp the indications/risks/contraindications of use of EMDR and energy methods with DID. They will understand how energy healing methods can support EMDR.
Keywords: Dissociative Disorders Energy Psychology Energy Therapies
Accuracy Verified: Yes
130. Feinstein, D. (2008). Energy psychology: A review of the preliminary evidence. Psychotherapy, 45(2), 199-213. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.45.2.199.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Energy psychology utilizes imaginal and narrative-generated exposure, paired with interventions
that reduce hyperarousal through acupressure and related techniques. According to practitioners,
this leads to treatment outcomes that are more rapid, powerful, and precise than the strategies
used in other exposure-based treatments such as relaxation or diaphragmatic breathing. The
method has been exceedingly controversial. It relies on unfamiliar procedures adapted from non-
Western cultures, posits unverified mechanisms of action, and early claims of unusual speed and
therapeutic power ran far ahead of initial empirical support. This paper reviews a hierarchy of
evidence regarding the efficacy of energy psychology, from anecdotal reports to randomized
clinical trials. Although the evidence is still preliminary, energy psychology has reached the
minimum threshold for being designated as an evidence-based treatment, with one form having
met the APA Division 12 criteria as a “probably efficacious treatment” for specific phobias;
another for maintaining weight loss. The limited scientific evidence, combined with extensive
clinical reports, suggests that energy psychology holds promise as a rapid and potent treatment
for a range of psychological conditions.
Keywords: Energy psychology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
131. du Bois, M. G., & de Kroon, M. (2008, August). Enlarging skills and self-efficacy as an important outcome of EMDR with individuals with ID: Presenting a video case. Poster presented at the 13th World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, Cape Town, South Africa .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing’s basic principles, procedures and protocols direct the clinician in assisting clients to transmute negative experiences into adaptive learning experiences. EMDR is also recognised as giving resources with a positive picture to assist processing the traumatic experiences. The so-called Resource Development and Installation (RDI) is a specific strategy to strengthen the client by mobilising and strengthening positive cognitions associated with positive experiences in the past. By activating positive functional memory networks and relating the positive picture with the present, the client will be able to practise these in situations where they feel problematic. A client with ID is able to transfer a positive picture to the present. On the basis of these data, presented in a video case, we will give examples of our practise as clinicians in the mental health care of individuals with ID.
Keywords: ID Intellectual Disabilities
Accuracy Verified: Yes
132. Ginger, S. (2008, Juillet). Enrichir la Gestalt - thérapie par l’EMDR [Enriching Gestalt - EMDR therapy]. International Journal of Psychotherapy, 12(2), 70-75.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Je pratique la Gestalt-thérapie depuis plus de trente cinq ans, en séances individuelles, en thérapie de couples et en groupes continus thérapeutiques. Je développe une variante intégrant les dimensions corporelles et émotionnelles, et je me suis intéressé de près aux phénomènes psychobiologiques concomitants, analysés par les recherches des neurosciences contemporaines. J’ai d’ailleurs détaillé ces aspects — insuffisamment explicités dans la littérature gestaltiste traditionnelle — dans deux ouvrages, traduits aujourd’hui en une douzaine de langues. Dès 1985, j’ai présenté aux États-Unis une conférence sur le thème : « Is Gestalt Therapy "Chemotherapy" Without Knowing It? »2 — où je développais l’idée que la Gestalt entraînait de rapides modifications biochimiques du fonctionnement du cerveau (nouvelles liaisons synaptiques et modifications des neurotransmetteurs), expliquant en partie son efficacité.
Lorsque j’aperçus, par hasard, au cours de l’un de mes fréquents déplacements aux USA, l’ouvrage de Francine Shapiro : (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, Basic Principles, Protocols, ansd Procedures, The Guilford Press, New York, 1995) qui venait de paraître, je l’achetai donc sans hésiter, et je le parcourus avidement le soir même.
Au moment où une formation sérieuse à l’EMDR s’est mise en place en France avec David Servan-Schreiber, je me suis donc formé tout naturellement à cette approche nouvelle — qui prenait délibérément en compte l’activité cérébrale (même si elle n’a pas encore réussi à l’analyser de manière scientifique explicite).
Aujourd’hui, il m’arrive assez fréquemment d’introduire une série de sessions d’EMDR dans le suivi d’un client — notamment lorsqu’émerge dans l’anamnèse un traumatisme psychologique majeur : décès, suicide ou accident grave d’un proche (ou du client lui-même), agression, attentat, viol, annonce d’une maladie grave, etc., ou inversement, il m’arrive de prendre des clients en urgence en EMDR, puis de poursuivre et d’élargir éventuellement la psychothérapie, en Gestalt.
Je voudrais partager avec vous quelques réflexions sur une telle pratique combinée, intégrant ces deux approches.
Je ne m’attarderai pas sur la description de la Gestalt-thérapie, puisqu’il s’agit d’une méthode maintenant largement connue — bien que les styles en soient assez variés. J’ai, pour ma part, développé une approche holistique prenant en compte les cinq dimensions principales de l’être (cf. Le Pentagramme de Ginger). Je voudrais signaler, au passage, que la Gestalt-thérapie est devenue aujourd’hui l’une des méthodes les plus pratiquées au monde; ainsi, en France, elle a conquis aujourd’hui le 2e rang, après la psychanalyse, et bien avant les TCC (thérapies cognitivo-comportementales), les thérapies familiales et les autres thérapies humanistes.
I have been practicing Gestalt therapy for over thirty five years, individual sessions, couples therapy and continuous therapy groups. I develop a variant incorporating body size and emotional, and I am a keen interest in psychobiological concurrent phenomena, analyzed by the research of contemporary neuroscience. I also detailed these aspects - insufficiently explained in the traditional Gestalt literature - in two books, translated now into a dozen languages. Since 1985, I submitted to the U.S. conference on the theme: "Is Gestalt Therapy" Chemotherapy "Without Knowing It? "2 - when I developed the idea that Gestalt led rapid biochemical changes in brain function (new synaptic connections, and changes in neurotransmitters), partly explaining its effectiveness. When I saw by chance during one of my frequent trips to the USA, the work of Francine Shapiro: (Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitizer, Basic Principles, Protocols, Procedures ANSD, The Guilford Press, New York 1995) which had just appeared, so I bought it without hesitation, and I eagerly traveled the same evening. Just as serious training in EMDR was introduced in France with David Servan-Schreiber, so I trained quite naturally to this new approach - which deliberately took into account the brain activity (even if it has yet to analyze it scientifically explicit). Today, it happens frequently enough to introduce a series of sessions of EMDR in the monitoring of a client - including lorsqu'émerge in history a major psychological trauma, including death, suicide or serious accident of a closest (or the client itself), assault, attack, rape, announcement of a serious illness, etc.. or vice versa, I sometimes take clients emergency EMDR, then continue and possibly expand psychotherapy, Gestalt. Let me share with you some thoughts on this practice combined, integrating these two approaches. I will not dwell on the description of Gestalt therapy, since it is a method now widely known - although the styles are quite varied. For my part, developed a holistic approach taking into account the five main dimensions of being (cf. The Pentagram Ginger). I should note in passing that Gestalt therapy is now one of the most practiced in the world and in France it has won today the second largest, after psychoanalysis and long before CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy), family therapy and other therapies humanists.
Keywords: Gestalt Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
133. Ginger, S. (2007, Juin ). Enrichir la gestalt - Thérapie par l’EMDR [Enriching gestalt - EMDR therapy]. Document présenté au Congrès de l' European Association for Psychotherapy Europan (EA), Florence, Italie.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Je pratique la Gestalt-thérapie depuis plus de trente cinq ans, en séances individuelles, en thérapie de couples et en groupes continus thérapeutiques. Je développe une variante intégrant les dimensions corporelles et émotionnelles, et je me suis intéressé de près aux phénomènes psychobiologiques concomitants, analysés par les recherches des neurosciences contemporaines. J’ai d’ailleurs détaillé ces aspects — insuffisamment explicités dans la littérature gestaltiste traditionnelle — dans deux ouvrages, traduits aujourd’hui en une douzaine de langues. Dès 1985, j’ai présenté aux États-Unis une conférence sur le thème : « Is Gestalt Therapy "Chemotherapy" Without Knowing It? » — où je développais l’idée que la Gestalt entraînait de rapides modifications biochimiques du fonctionnement du cerveau (nouvelles liaisons synaptiques et modifications des neurotransmetteurs), expliquant en partie son efficacité.
Lorsque j’aperçus, par hasard, au cours de l’un de mes fréquents déplacements aux USA, l’ouvrage de Francine Shapiro : (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, Basic Principles, Protocols, ansd Procedures, The Guilford Press, New York, 1995) qui venait de paraître, je l’achetai donc sans hésiter, et je le parcourus avidement le soir même. Au moment où une formation sérieuse à l’EMDR s’est mise en place en France avec David Servan-Schreiber, je me suis donc formé tout naturellement à cette approche nouvelle — qui prenait délibérément en compte l’activité cérébrale (même si elle n’a pas encore réussi à l’analyser de manière scientifique explicite). Aujourd’hui, il m’arrive assez fréquemment d’introduire une série de sessions d’EMDR dans le suivi d’un client — notamment lorsqu’émerge dans l’anamnèse un traumatisme psychologique majeur : décès, suicide ou accident grave d’un proche (ou du client lui-même), agression, attentat, viol, annonce d’une maladie grave, etc., ou inversement, il m’arrive de prendre des clients en urgence en EMDR, puis de poursuivre et d’élargir éventuellement la psychothérapie, en Gestalt.
Je voudrais partager avec vous quelques réflexions sur une telle pratique combinée, intégrant ces deux approches. Je ne m’attarderai pas sur la description de la Gestalt-thérapie, puisqu’il s’agit d’une méthode maintenant largement connue — bien que les styles en soient assez variés. J’ai, pour ma part, développé une approche holistique prenant en compte les cinq dimensions principales de l’être (cf. Le Pentagramme de Ginger). Je voudrais signaler, au passage, que la Gestalt-thérapie est devenue aujourd’hui l’une des méthodes les plus pratiquées au monde ; ainsi, en France, elle a conquis aujourd’hui le 2e rang, après la psychanalyse, et bien avant les TCC (thérapies cognitivo-comportementales), les thérapies familiales et les autres thérapies humanist.
I have been practicing Gestalt therapy for over thirty five years, individual sessions, couples therapy and continuous therapy groups. I develop a variant incorporating body size and emotional, and I am a keen interest in psychobiological concurrent phenomena, analyzed by the research of contemporary neuroscience. I also detailed these aspects - insufficiently explained in the traditional Gestalt literature - in two books, translated now into a dozen languages. Since 1985, I submitted to the U.S. conference on the theme: "Is Gestalt Therapy" Chemotherapy "Without Knowing It? "- Where I developed the idea that Gestalt led rapid biochemical changes in brain function (new synaptic connections and changes in neurotransmitters), partly explaining its effectiveness.
When I saw by chance during one of my frequent trips to the USA, the work of Francine Shapiro: (Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitizer, Basic Principles, Protocols, Procedures ANSD, The Guilford Press, New York 1995) which had just appeared, so I bought it without hesitation, and I eagerly traveled the same evening. Just as serious training in EMDR was introduced in France with David Servan-Schreiber, so I trained quite naturally to this new approach - which deliberately took into account the brain activity (even if it has yet to analyze it scientifically explicit). Today, it happens frequently enough to introduce a series of sessions of EMDR in the monitoring of a client - including lorsqu'émerge in history a major psychological trauma, including death, suicide or serious accident of a closest (or the client itself), assault, attack, rape, announcement of a serious illness, etc.. or vice versa, I sometimes take clients emergency EMDR, then continue and possibly expand psychotherapy, Gestalt.
Let me share with you some thoughts on this practice combined, integrating these two approaches. I will not dwell on the description of Gestalt therapy, since it is a method now widely known - although the styles are quite varied. For my part, developed a holistic approach taking into account the five main dimensions of being (cf. The Pentagram Ginger). I should note in passing that Gestalt therapy is now one of the most practiced in the world and in France it has won today the second largest, after psychoanalysis and long before CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy), family therapy and other therapies humanist.
Keywords: Gestalt Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
134. Grand, D. (2007, Novembro). A Essência do EMDR [The essence of EMDR]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR á uma abordagem poderosa que já trouxe
cura emocional a milhões de pessoas que
sofrem com traumas ao redor do mundo. Os
protocolos e procedimentos estão claramente
desenvolvidos e delineados, mas a essência do
EMDR permanece ainda por ser explorarada. Nesta
apresentação olhamos de forma profunda os
fatores que estão por detrás do EMDR, incluindo as capacidades inerentes do cliente, o ambiente
de contenção que o terapeuta provê, as qualidades
da relação terapêutica, a sabedoria da integração
mente-corpo e o uso da esperança, possibilidades,
espiritualidade e filosofia que emergem no
processo.
EMDR will be a powerful approach that has brought
emotional healing to millions of people who
suffer from trauma around the world. the
protocols and procedures are clearly
developed and designed, but the essence of
EMDR remains yet to be explorarada. in this
Presentation to look so deep
factors that underlie EMDR, including the inherent capabilities of the client, the environment contention that the therapist provides the qualities the therapeutic relationship, the wisdom of integration
mind-body and the use of hope, possibilities,
spirituality and philosophy that emerged in
process.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
135. Reamer, F. G. (2004, September). Ethical issues in EMDR: Risk-management implications. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will provide participants with a comprehensive overview of ethical, malpractice, and risk-management issues encountered in EMDR. Using extensive case material, participants will learn how to handle complex practice-based ethical dilemmas, prevent professional malpractice, and avoid liablity. Emphasis will be on practical strategies designed to protect clients, professionals, and employers. Key topics will include the limits to clients' rights to confidentiality and self-determination, privileged communications, informed consent procedures, the use of high-risk treatment techniques, boundary issues and dual relationships, conflicts of interest, defamation of character, consultation and referral, supervision, termination of services, documentation, and the problem of impaired colleagues. Participants will be provided with a typology of compelling ethical dilemmas and "high risk" areas, and acquainted with practical decision-making strategies.
Keywords: Ethics Risk Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
136. Gottlieb, M. C. (2007, September). Ethics: The therapeutic value of informed consent. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop is eligible for psychological Ethics credits by APA ~
Many practitioners assume that informed consent is a legal barrier to be overcome by signing forms at the outset of treatment. In this workshop, Dr. Gottlieb argues that this view is inaccurate and short sighted. He will show that effective informed consent is based on a variety of factors, occurs at different levels, arises at various points throughout the treatment process, and can be used as an effective treatment tool.
Keywords: Informed Consent
Accuracy Verified: Yes
137. Wolff, R. P. (2004). Evaluation of effectiveness of individual therapy sessions over 60 minutes. California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco, CA. AAT 3158599.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Research has produced few studies that support the 50-minute therapy session as the most effective session length for achieving optimal therapeutic results. This descriptive study attempted to determine differences in therapists' perceptions of how session length might impact therapeutic process, therapeutic outcome, treatment of specific psychological disorders, and if session length preference was based on theoretical orientation or procedures/techniques. A total of 65 practicing therapists drawn from the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, EMDR International Association, Trauma Incident Reduction Practitioners, San Francisco Society of Lacanian Study, and California Psychological Network completed questionnaires regarding their perceptions about psychotherapy for individuals employing longer session lengths versus the standard 50-minute session.Overall frequencies of questionnaire responses and between groups comparisons were analyzed using Chi-Square. The sample endorsed the use of longer sessions at statistically significant frequencies on the following questionnaire items: three therapeutic outcome items: Increases client's satisfaction, Shortens overall duration of therapy, and Facilitates corrective emotional experience; and nine therapeutic process items: Access to client's emotional material, Integration of experience before leaving session, Deepens development of transference, Working through defenses, Access to traumatic experiences, Integrate traumatic experience within session, Working through traumatic experience, and Improving likelihood of breakthrough experiences. The sample also agreed on the use of longer sessions as potentially contributing to positive outcome for treatment of the following disorders: Substance Abuse, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Specific Phobia, Social Phobia, PTSD, GAD, and Eating Disorders. The findings of this study suggest that longer session lengths may have a positive impact on therapeutic process, therapeutic outcome, and certain disorders. Specific implications for the field of psychology and suggestions for research are discussed. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(12-B), 2005, pp. 6680.
Keywords: Empirical Study Health Personnel Attitudes Individual Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study Treatment Duration Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
138. Shapiro, F. (2012, March 2). The evidence on E.M.D.R. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://consults.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/02/the-evidence-on-e-m-d-r/ on 3/2/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This week, readers of the Consults blog posed questions about eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, or E.M.D.R., a psychological therapy pioneered by Francine Shapiro that uses eye movements and other procedures to process traumatic memories. The therapy has been used increasingly to treat post-traumatic stress disorder and other traumas. You can learn more about how E.M.D.R. therapy is done here. Below, Dr. Shapiro addresses reader questions about the current state of research on E.M.D.R. therapy.
Keywords: Blog Practive Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
139. Shapiro, F. (2012, March 16). Expert answers on E.M.D.R. New York Times. Retrieved from http://consults.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/expert-answers-on-e-m-d-r/ on 3/16/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Recently, readers of the Consults blog posed questions about eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, or E.M.D.R., a psychological therapy pioneered by Francine Shapiro that uses eye movements and other procedures to process traumatic memories. The therapy has been used increasingly to treat post-traumatic stress disorder and other traumas. You can learn more about what E.M.D.R. therapy is like here. (Excerpt)
Keywords: Anxiety Blog Children Chronic Pain Eight Phases Epilepsy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rapid Eye Movement REM
Accuracy Verified: Yes
140. Keller, M. W. (1998). Explanation of EMDR for patients. In G. J. Allen, D. A. Cónsole, & M. W. Keller, EMDR: A Closer Look Video Manual. (pp. 34-36) New York: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Brief introductory orientation information about how EMDR will help a person cope with and overcome the adverse experiences and memories which are currently causing trauma and anxieties. This discussion will cover the EMDR content, methods, and procedures which will be used during the EMDR therapy sessions.
Keywords: Manual, Video
Accuracy Verified: Yes
141. Hembree, E. A., Rothbaum, B. O., & Foa, E. B. (2009). Expositionsfokussierte therapie der posttraumatischen belastungsstörung [Focused exposure therapy of post-traumatic stress disorder] . Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen, II, 203-216. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88489-7_12.
Language: German
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Seit der letzten Auflage dieses Buches ist die Anzahl der Wirksamkeitsstudien kognitiver Verhaltenstherapien (KVT) der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen (PTBS) stark gestiegen. Die Befundlage aus diesen Studien ist eindeutig: Für KVT wie die Expositionstherapie, die kognitive Therapie, das Stressimpfungstraining sowie Kombinationen dieser Verfahren und die sog. Augenbewegungstherapie (EMDR) konnte wiederholt eine signifikante Reduktion der PTBS-, Depressivitäts- und Angstsymptomatik sowie weiterer problematischer Traumafolgen gezeigt werden.
Since the last edition of this book is the number of efficacy studies of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has risen sharply. The clinical findings from these studies is clear: For CBT, such as exposure therapy, cognitive therapy, stress inoculation training, and combinations of these procedures and the so-called eye movement therapy (EMDR) was repeated a significant reduction of PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms and other problematic consequences of trauma shown be.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
142. Hollander, H. E. (2009, March 10). Eye closure, eye movements: ECEM for the treatment of panic and depersonalization disorders. Presentation at the 51st American Society of Clinical Hypnosis Annual Scientific Meeting, Boston, MA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
ECEM, a novel technique that integrates the eye movement component of EMDR
within hypnosis, will be presented, with specific application to panic disorder and to
depersonalization disorder, conceptualized as a subtype of panic disorder. The workshop
will (1) provide a research review of neurophysiology and behavioral measures that support
conceptualization of depersonalization disorder as a subtype of panic disorder; (2) discuss
the use of ECEM (eye movements within hypnosis) to treat panic and depersonalization
disorder; (3) describe specifi c procedures using ECEM to interrupt attacks of panic and
depersonalization disorder; (4) describe how ECEM is used to reverse (up-regulate) feeling
of unfamiliar self, sensory numbness, cognitive freezing, de-realization - core symptoms
of depersonalization disorder; and (5) describe how ECEM is used to manage anticipatory
anxiety associated with panic or depersonalization disorder, recognizing overlap and
differences in hypnotic techniques and utilization of eye movements within hypnosis for
each disorder. Participants should be familiar with, or planning to take courses in EMDR.
The experiential component will include practice in managing dysfunctional breathing
patterns, practice in utilization of self-generated eye movements within hypnosis to treat
anticipatory anxiety-fear of panic or depersonalization episodes, and demonstration of
hypnotic techniques to up-regulate core symptoms of depersonalization disorder.
Upon completing this workshop, the participant should be able to:
1. Define three key characteristics of panic disorder and depersonalization;
2. Discuss ECEM and describe how ECEM is varied to treat one key similarity and
one key diff erence that is required in the management of an episode of
depersonalization disorder as distinct from panic disorder; and
3. Apply ECEM (hypnotic techniques and eye movements within hypnosis) to
modify anticipatory anxiety that is a feature of both panic and depersonalization
disorder.
Keywords: Depersonalization Disorders ECEM Eye CLosure Eye Movements Panic Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
143. Montgomery, R. W., & Ayllon, T. (1994, September). Eye movement desensitization across subjects: Subjective and physiological measures of treatment efficacy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(3), 217-230. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90022-1.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization (EMD) was investigated in an experimental multiple baseline across subjects design. Six subjects who met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD were included in the study. While the EMD technique advanced by Shapiro has been reported to be clinically effective, major methodological issues have been raised which remain to be addressed. One issue raised is whether exposure to the traumatic image is sufficient to account for the reported clinical effects of EMD or whether the addition of saccadic eye movements is central to the treatment. This study attempted to address this concern by comparing two EMD-based procedures: a Non-saccade phase (without the saccadic eye movements) which functioned as a control and a second that included saccadic eye movements. Dependent variables included self-report information (SUDs, behavioral symptoms reports) and physiological data (heart rate and systolic blood pressure). The results showed no significant decreases in SUDs level with the EMD minus the saccadic eye movements procedure. However, five of the six subjects reported clinically significant decreases in their SUDs levels with the inclusion of the saccadic eye movements. This study appears to corroborate previous work employing single-case design as well as pre and postcomparisons. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Adults Americans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
144. Doctor, R. M., & Shiromoto, F. N. (2009). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In R. M. Doctor & F. Shiromoto, The Encyclopedia of Trauma and Traumatic Stress Disorders (pp. 120-123). New York, NY: Facts on File Library of Health and Living.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
An information processing therapy that uses bilateral stimulation of the brain to process traumatic reactions and that has proven effective in treating trauma-based conditions. Eye movement desensitization and processing (EMDR) was developed in 1987 by Francine Shapiro. It has been refined over the years into a comprehensive therapy for trauma, although the procedures can also be used to treat clients with other problems and disorders. Since its inception, hundreds of case studies and controlled empirical studies have validated the effectiveness of EMDR for clients with trauma and other clients.
Keywords: Practice Theory Trauma Traumatic Stress Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
145. Shapiro, F. (2001, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the anxiety disorders: Clinical and research implications of an integrated psychotherapy treatment. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(1), 43-75.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Four recent, independent, rigorously controlled studies of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have reported that 84 to 100% of single trauma victims no longer maintain the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis after the equivalent of 3 90-minute sessions. The rapidity of EMDR treatment effects makes many ancillary research opportunities available. Specifically, the increased number of cases resolved in a relatively short period of time allows investigation of neurophysiological phenomena, patterns of cognitive and emotional processing, component analyses of a large range of procedural factors, and evaluation of the efficacy of application to diverse clinical populations. This article describes the procedures and protocols that are believed to contribute to EMDR's clinical effects and are, therefore, suggested for the EMDR treatment and research of the anxiety disorders. This is particularly relevant given the misconceptions that have abounded due to the unfortunate naming of the procedure after the eye movements, which have proved to be only one of many useful types of stimulation, and only one of many components of this complex, integrated treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Research Needs Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
146. Shapiro, F. (1999, January-April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the anxiety disorders: Clinical and research implications of an integrated psychotherapy treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 35-67. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00038-3.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Four recent, independent, rigorously controlled studies of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have reported that 84 to 100% of single-trauma victims no longer maintain the posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions. The rapidity of EMDR treatment effects makes many ancillary research opportunities available. Specifically, the increased number of cases resolved in a relatively short period of time allows investigation of neurophysiological phenomena, patterns of cognitive and emotional processing, component analyses of a large range of procedural factors, and evaluation of the efficacy of application to diverse clinical populations. Unfortunately, some research has been conducted that has been severely hampered by insufficient treatment fidelity and lack of clinical validity. Consequently, this article will attempt to describe the procedures and protocols that are believed to contribute to EMDR's clinical effects and are, therefore, suggested for the EMDR treatment and research of the anxiety disorders. This is particularly relevant given the misconceptions that have abounded due to the unfortunate naming of the procedure after the eye movements, which have proved to be only one of many useful types of stimulation, and only one of many components of this complex, integrated treatment. [PubMed]
[Note: Erratum in Journal of Anxiety Disorders 13(6), 621, Nov-Dec 1999]
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Research Needs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
147. Beer, R., & de Roos, C. (2004, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bij kinderen en adolescenten, theorie en empirie [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents. Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence]. Kind en Adolescent, 20(1), 38-53.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Het belang van effectieve behandelingen voor kinderen en adolescenten die lijden aan de gevolgen van traumatische ervaringen wordt versterkt. Een beschrijving van de EMDR-procedure is gevolgd door een bespreking van de voordelen van EMDR vergeleken met een andere behandeling procedures voor deze jonge doelgroep-bevolking. De meest prominente feitelijke hypothesen over de mogelijke verklaringen voor de effecten zijn opgenomen. En de empirische status van EMDR wordt gekenmerkt op basis van gecontroleerde studies van EMDR met volwassenen en kinderen. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, alle rechten voorbehouden)
The importance of effective treatments for children and adolescents suffering from the consequences of traumatic experiences is amplified. A description of the EMDR procedure is followed by a discussion of the advantages of EMDR compared with other treatment procedures for this young target-population. The most prominent actual hypotheses concerning the possible explanations for the effects are listed. And the empirical status of EMDR is characterised on the basis of controlled studies of EMDR with adults and children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
148. Beer, R., & de Roos, C. (2004). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bij kinderen en adolescenten, theorie en empirie [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents. Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence]. Kind en Adolescent, 25(1), 24-33. doi:10.1007/BF03060901 .
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In dit artikel wordt het belang toegelicht van effectieve behandelingsmogelijkheden voor kinderen en adolescenten die lijden onder de gevolgen van schokkende en ingrijpende ervaringen. Na een beschrijving van de werkwijze bij Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (emdr) volgt een bespreking van voordelen verbonden aan deze procedure in vergelijking met andere behandelingsprocedures bij deze jonge doelgroep. De belangrijkste actuele hypothesen ten aanzien van het veronderstelde werkingsmechanisme worden op een rijtje gezet. Vervolgens kenschetsen de auteurs de empirische status van emdr op basis van gecontroleerde onderzoeken met emdr bij volwassenen en bij kinderen.
This article explains the importance of effective treatment options for children and adolescents who suffer the consequences of shocking and dramatic experiences. After describing the method for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a discussion of advantages to this procedure as compared to other treatment procedures in this young group. The main current hypotheses regarding the supposed mechanism be put on a list. Next, the authors characterize the empirical status of EMDR through controlled EMDR studies in adults and children.
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
149. Ali, M. W., & Rana, M. H. (2008, June). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in patients of PTSD following earthquake 2005, Pakistan. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objective: The purpose of the study is to asses the usefulness of EMDR in patients of PTSD who survived the
October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. Background: On October the 8th an earthquake of 7.6 on rector scale
struck Kashmir and Northwest of Pakistan leaving millions injured and more than 80,000 dead. A survey of the
affected areas has shown a high prevalence of PTSD amongst the survivors. A selected series of patients with the
diagnosis of PTSD from amongst the survivors is enrolled for EMDR at CTRPI. The study is based on their response
to this intervention. Design and Settings: The study involves an ongoing compilation of clinical data and the study
of therapeutic responses to various interventions including EMDR, at a tertiary mental health facility and Centre
for Trauma Research and Psychosocial Interventions (CTRPI), Rawalpindi /Islamabad, Pakistan. This mental health
facility is the tertiary care referral point for patients from metal health relief units located allover in earthquake
affected areas of Azad Kashmir and Northwest of Pakistan. Method: Earthquake survivors who develop
psychosocial sequelae referred to CTRPI from Kashmir, who go on to fulfill the criteria of Post-traumatic Stress
Disorder according to ICD-10 are registered for further studies and appropriate interventions. A select group who
give informed consent for EMDR are then included for detailed evaluation and follow up. Sessions are conducted
in eight phases from manuals by therapists who are trained till level 2 in the method. Pre- treatment assessment
is done by an independent assessor for scores on Impact of Event Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning
(GAF). The post treatment assessment is conducted 1 week after the treatment with the same procedures as at
pretreatment. In session Scoring of subjective unit of distress is also recorded serially. According to the degree of
improvement and severity of illness, sessions of EMDR are carried out with the duration of about 60 to 90
minutes each session and with a minimum of 6 sessions using the bilateral stimulation. The authors plan to
compile their work with ten patients who fulfill the prerequisites of the study in process. Results: The work has
been done so far on three clients which suggest that EMDR is effective in reducing the scores of IES back to
normal and there is marked difference in the GAF level after the said intervention. It has a dramatic effect on
29
within-session SUD levels .Furthermore, at a qualitative level it is observed that involvement of other family
members in the therapeutic process may improve treatment adherence. Conclusions: Ongoing results of this
study tend to suggest that the EMDR is an effective intervention for patients of PTSD following a natural disaster
like an earth quake. However, the results drawn cannot be generalized on account of their small count.
Keywords: Earthquake Pakistan Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
150. Shapiro, F. (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Accelerated information processing and affect-driven constructions. Crisis Intervention and Time-Limited Treatment, 4(2-3), 145-157 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Serves as an introduction to the primary concepts and procedures of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), as well as briefly reviews the present state of research on its efficacy in the area of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR is a complex method that incorporates salient aspects of many of the major therapeutic modalities. The basic underlying principles are elucidated in the Accelerated Information Processing model which posits the ability to directly access and process dysfunctional perceptions that were stored at the time of the traumatic event. These state-dependent perceptions are considered the primary cause of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Additionally, rigid and maladaptive schemata are assumed to be caused by earlier life experiences that are dysfunctionally stored. The primary goal of EMDR is to release clients from the non-adaptive bonds of the past, thereby providing them with the ability to make positive and flexible choices in the present. Current research on EMDR substantiates its ability to rapidly and effectively process the targeted event and attendant traumata. The eight phases of treatment are considered necessary to resolve the somatically-based pathologies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Primary Concepts and Procedures
Accuracy Verified: Yes
151. Shapiro, F., & Maxfield, L. (2002, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Information processing in the treatment of trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(8), 933-946. doi:10.1002/jclp.10068.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an efficacious and efficient treatment for PTSD. This article provides a brief overview of the findings of 20 controlled-outcome studies and describes Shapiro's Adaptive Information Processing model. This model posits that pathology results when distressing experiences are processed inadequately and hypothesizes that EMDR accelerates information processing, resulting in the adaptive resolution of traumatic memories. A detailed description of the eight phases of treatment highlights the procedures, assumptions, and clinical observations that currently guide EMDR clinical practice. A case study, with an in-session transcript, illustrates the application of EMDR to address the past events that have laid the groundwork for dysfunction, the present circumstances that elicit distress, and skills acquisition needed for adaptive functioning (Pilots).
Keywords: Clinical Case Study Cognitive Processes Empirical Study Information Processing Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotherapeutic Processes Treatment Process
Accuracy Verified: Yes
152. Gupta, D., Tank, P., & Mehrotra, S. (2011, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A promising psychotherapeutic intervention. Presentation at the 63rd Annual National Conference of Indian Psychiatric Society, New Delhi, India.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It doesn’t matter how long the memories have been stored and for how long they have been exerting a negative effect on the child. Children reprocess their traumas more quickly in EMDR than in other therapies and becomes desensitized to the painful memories and images. The EMDR procedures results in: 1) Decreasing the vividness of disturbing memory, images and related affect. 2) Facilitating access to more adaptive information. 3) Forging new associations within and between memory networks.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
153. Shepherd. J., Stein, K., & Milne, R. (2000, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A review of an emerging therapy. Psychological Medicine, 30(4), 863-871.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new form of psychotherapy for PTSD. We critically reviewed randomized controlled trials of EMDR. Methods: A wide range of electronic databases and reference lists of articles obtained were searched and relevant experts were consulted. Studies were critically appraised according to established criteria. Results: We found 16 published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing EMDR with alternative psychotherapy treatments, variants of EMDR, and with delayed treatment groups. Studies were generally small (mean number of patients = 35) and of variable methodological quality, with only 5 reporting blinding of outcome assessors to treatment allocation, and in some cases with high loss to follow-up. In most cases EMDR was shown to be effective at reducing symptoms up to 3 months after treatment. In one case benefit was maintained up to 9 months and in another (uncontrolled) followup treatment effect was present at 15 months. 2 studies suggest that EMDR is as effective as exposure therapies, 3 claim greater effectiveness in comparison to relaxation training, and 3 claim superiority over delayed treatment groups. Of the studies examining specific treatment components, 2 found that treatment with eyes moving was more effective than eyes fixed, while 3 studies found the two procedures to be of equal effectiveness. CONCLUSION: The evidence in support of EMDR is of limited quality but results are encouraging for this inexpensive, simple therapy. Further research is warranted in larger samples with longer periods of follow-up. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Health Care Costs Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
154. Feske, U. (1998, Summer). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology, 5(2), 171-181. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00142.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A qualitative review of experimental and quasiexperimental outcome studies of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for persons with PTSD suggests that the treatment is effective for civilian but not combat PTSD. The current data indicate that additional research into EMDR's efficacy for PTSD is warranted. Further studies should include comparisons to placebo control procedures and existing validated treatments for PTSD, an adequate treatment dose, systematic efforts to establish and assess treatment integrity and quality, and long-term follow-up data. The therapeutic mechanisms underlying EMDR's observed benefits remain elusive. Whether the eye movement or some other type of stimulation is essential to EMDR's effects cannot be determined from the current data. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Popular Work Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
155. Fensterheim, H. (1996, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with complex personality pathology: An integrative therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 6(1), 27-38.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Among the explorations of psychotherapy integration, attempts to integrate the cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic approaches are receiving much attention. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is one newly developed method that appears to have successfully achieved such integration. The author presents cases of 2 patients with complex personality problems to illustrate how EMDR does achieve this integration. The cases demonstrate the formulation of dynamic hypotheses based first on a thoughtful clinical understanding of the patient and then reformulated as new information emerges from the free associations elicited by this method. Treatment based on these formulations is through the cognitive and behavioral aspects of the EMDR procedures. Unlike many other integrative methods that have been proposed, the different aspects of this method are not applied separately but form a cohesive whole. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Empirical Study Multimodal Treatment Approach Nonclinical Case Study Personality Disorders Psychotherapeutic Techniques
Accuracy Verified: Yes
156. Rafferty, P. (2005). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An analysis of a controversial evidence based treatment. The New School for Social Research, New York, NY. The New School Psychology Bulletin, 3(2), 83-105.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an
inventive, popular and highly controversial treatment. Within the
scientific and professional community, there is divergent support
for each side of this debate. The heart of this controversy critically
examines the question of whether EMDR is as efficacious
as other well-established interventions for the treatment of PTSD.
The efficacy of EMDR could be due to its employment of a variety
of clinically sound therapeutic procedures, such as those similar
or the same as Prolonged Exposure Therapy, and not because
of its centerpiece eye-movements. Indeed, some researchers
have argued that the eye-movements are completely unnecessary and that EMDR is best understood as an exposure technique
(Renfrey & Spates, 1994; Davidson & Parker, 2001; Lohr,
Lilienfeld, Tolin & Herbert, 1999). EMDR may be an effective
treatment for non-combat related PTSD but is not effective for
PTSD etiologically related to combat induced trauma. Thus there
are three questions that serve as the focus of this evaluation: is
EMDR qualitatively different than Prolonged Exposure Therapy;
are the eye-movements necessary for treatment efficacy; and is
EMDR effective for combat-related PTSD?
Keywords: Efficacy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
157. Shapiro, F. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 1st Ed. New York: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias.To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text]
Keywords: Abuse Adults Assessment Child Abuse Children DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Symptoms Incest Methodology Neurophysiology Patient Selection Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Spouse Survivors Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
158. Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 2nd Ed. New York: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias. To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text of 1st Edition]
Keywords: Adults Assessment Child Abuse Children Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Symptoms Incest Methodology Neurophysiology Patient Selection Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Spouse Abuse Survivors Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
159. Lohr, J. M., Lilienfeld, S. O., Tolin D. F., & Herbert J. D. (1999, January-April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An analysis of specific versus nonspecific treatment factors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 185-207. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00047-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Incremental validity and incremental efficacy have become important issues in the evaluation of psychological assessment and intervention procedures. Incremental validity in assessment is that shown by novel measures over and above established ones. Incremental efficacy is that shown by novel treatments over and above nonspecific and established treatment effects. In this paper, we critically examine the question of whether Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) possesses efficacy above and beyond nonspecific treatment effects and components that are shared with well-established interventions. A review of recently published efficacy studies reveals that (a) the effects of EMDR are largely limited to verbal report indices, (b) eye movements and other movements appear to be unnecessary, and (c) reported effects are consistent with nonspecific treatment features. Examination of individual studies shows that control procedures for nonspecific features have been minimal. We analyze EMDR for nonspecific treatment features and suggest experimental controls to examine the incremental efficacy of EMDR. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
160. Martin, P. M. (1997, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A critical review. United States International University, San Diego, CA. AAT 9810369.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, is a new clinical treatment shown to be effective for victims of trauma. EMDR is a time efficient, comprehensive methodology backed by positive, controlled research, for the treatment of the disturbing experiences that underlie many pathologies. An eight phase treatment approach that includes using eye movements or other left-right stimulation, EMDR helps victims of trauma reprocess disturbing thoughts and memories. This project reviews research and development, discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms, and presents protocols and procedures for the treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(9-B), Mar 1998, pp. 5129.
Keywords: Emotional Trauma Literature Review Methodology Theories
Accuracy Verified: Yes
161. Feener, R. S. (2004). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A new method in the treatment of performance anxiety for singers. Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL. AAT 3156073.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to provide information and exposure for EMDR therapy as it relates to performance anxiety in singers and other musicians. Since EMDR therapy is a relatively new approach to relieving issues of anxiety, this thesis provides a description of its discovery, background, development, and proper procedures and protocols. In 1987 Francine Shapiro discovered and began to develop a new method in the treatment of trauma using guided eye movements. These guided eye movements were theorized to create bilateral brain stimulation, which through the simultaneous component of recalling ones trauma both physically and emotionally, an individual’s trauma can be processed toward a state of mental health. This is similar to what is theorized to happen during REM sleep. Francine Shapiro states that every human being possesses an innate information processing system that guides each individual toward a balanced state of mental health, similar to the way our bodies heal physically. Once an individual experiences a trauma, the events become locked into the nervous system into its own separate neuro-network, unable to be accessed by the individual for positive processing. Our ability to process the traumatic experience is hindered and the trauma relives itself through nightmares, flashbacks, disturbing or intrusive thoughts, anxiety, or any number of life hindering events.
The theory of EMDR is that through guided eye movements, or other sources of bilateral brain stimulation such as hand taps, alternating lights or sounds, or hand buzzers, the traumatic information held in its separate neuro-network is able to bridge itself to more positive information stored in the individual’s memory. EMDR not only helps to desensitize our traumatic memories but also helps to reprocess our thoughts and feelings regarding the trauma with positive statements and beliefs such as “I am in control” and “I deserve this”. One of the most impressive aspects of the therapy is the rate in which patients improve. The success rate of EMDR is between 84 and 90 percent effective in one to three sessions or less, depending on the severity of the trauma.
EMDR began treating patients suffering primarily from PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome) but has expanded over the years to include a wide range of pathologies, traumas, and anxiety disorders. Francine Shapiro is continuously striving to enhance the protocols and procedures of EMDR in order to better understand and improve its effectiveness. I discovered EMDR only a ew years ago and realized that it was being used by therapists across the country in the treatment of performance anxiety, but very little had been written on this topic. Therefore, my goal is to expose both singers and instrumentalists to this new method as a new option in the treatment of performance anxiety.
Keywords: Bilateral Brain Stimulation Brain Stimulation Cognitive Processes Emotional Trauma Eye Movements Information Processing System Mental Health Musicians Performance Anxiety Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Singers Stress Syndromes Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
162. Hassard, A. (1993). Eye movement desensitization of body image. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21(2), 157-160. doi:10.1017/S0141347300018127.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This single case history reports the use of eye movement desensitization, a new cognitive therapy procedure originally developed for PTSD and similar problems, to treat anxieties and body image problems resulting from operation scars and a degree of physical disability. The procedure was effective within one session and subsequent improvements in behaviour and cognitions reported. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Case Report Disfigurement Females Physical Pain Self Concept Surgical Procedures Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
163. Lohr, J., Tolin, D., & Kleinknecht, R. (1995, June). Eye movement desensitization of medical phobias: Two case studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26(2), 141-151. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00011-N.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
We treated two medical phobic subjects with eye movement desensitization (EMD). Using detailed images of fear-related events, the treatment design conformed to an additive, within-series phase change to examine enduring effects. Results indicated that both subjects' verbal reports of fear decreased substantially using the EMD procedure. There were no consistent changes in heart rate. Similarly, self-reported fear toward a simulated blood draw decreased, but heart rate and blood pressure did not. Data for a number of standardized measures of medical fear indicated posttreatment reduction for both subjects. Anecdotal reports of medical procedures revealed limited generalization of treatment effects.
Keywords: Medical Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
164. Foley, T., & Spates, C. (1995, December). Eye movement desensitization of public-speaking anxiety: A partial dismantling study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26(4), 321-329. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00048-8.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
40 college students suffering from public speaking anxiety and having experienced a specific traumatic speech-related event were exposed to either a standard EMD protocol with eye movements; a moving audio stimulus in place of the eye movements; a protocol with eyes resting on the hands in place of the eye movement, or a no-treatment control condition. The results revealed that EMD is comparable in limited effectiveness to the other procedures and that the eye movements are not a crucial component of the treatment with this population. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Anxiety Disorders College Students Life Experiences Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
165. Datta, P. C. (1995). Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) and clinical hypnosis (CH): Possible role of melatonin in the attenuation of trauma. In G. D. Burrows & R. Stanley, (Eds.) Contemporary International Hypnosis, Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Hypnosis, Melbourne, Australia, August 6-12, 1994 (pp. 177-188). New York: Wiley.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), also called by some EMD or EMD/R, is a relatively new therapeutic procedure. This therapeutically beneficial procedure was originally designed and envisaged for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by Dr. Francine Shapiro (Shapiro, 1989, a,b). Various subsequent studies showed that -4 sessions (ach of ½ to 2 hrs duration) of EMDR are effective in significantly reducing the traumatic memories and associated anxiety to negligible levels (Lipke & Botkin, 1992; Shapiro, 1989 a,b; Spector & Huthwaite, 1993). There are, however, scanty reports of lack of treatment outcome with EMDR which has been explained by the client’s lack of cooperation in following the procedure or the therapist’s lack of experience (Lipke & Botkin, 1992). Similar reports are available with many other effective therapeutic procedures including clinical hypnosis (CH), mainly where there is “fear of failure” or “anxiety to succeed” present in the client’s mind, in addition to lack of experience of the therapist (Hartland, 1982).
Accuracy Verified: Yes
166. Manfield, P. (1998). Filling the void: Resolution of a major depression. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st ed.) (pp. 113-137). New York: W. W. Norton.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This case demonstrates the value of EMDR in rapidly resolving a major depression by processing a series of traumatic memories. The themes of loss, overwhelming helplessness, and inadequacy weave through each of these memories and tie them together. Major depression, Jane's primary diagnosis, is not one of the diagnoses typically thought of as responsive to EMDR. This case is particularly interesting because of the breadth of change Jane experienced as a result of processing these traumatic memories and the follow-up integrative work we did; the depression was relieved as well as a cluster of other issues that appeared to be more characterological. [Text, p. 113]
Keywords: Adults Americans Case Report Depressive Disorders Females Life Experiences Surgical Procedures Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
167. Cahill, S., & Frueh, C. (1997, September-October). Flooding versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy: Relative efficacy has yet to be investigated -- comment on Pitman et al (1996). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 38(5), 300-303. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(97)90064-X.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Pitman et al. recently published a pair of studies on the relationship between indicators of emotional processing and outcome in flooding therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Among their conclusions, they asserted EMDR was found to be at least as effective [as] flooding in the treatment of combat-related PTSD and produced fewer adverse consequences. Although this research constitutes an important contribution to the literature on psychosocial treatments for PTSD, their conclusions regarding the relative effectiveness of these two treatments are unwarranted. The bases of our objections are that (1) assignment of participants to treatment conditions was nonrandom, and (2) several significant procedural differences existed between the two studies in addition to the specific treatments under investigation. These include different inclusion and exclusion criteria, the confounding of psychological treatment with psychiatric medication status, and differences in assessment procedures. Since the two treatments were not compared in a single head-to-head controlled trial, we conclude that their relative efficacy has yet to be investigated. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Comment Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Strerss Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Reply Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
168. Browning, C. (1999). Flotar hacia atrás y flotar hacia delante: Técnicas para ligar el pasado, Presente y futuro [Floatback and Float Forward: Techniques for the Tie Past, Present and Future]. Presentation at EMDRIA Latinoamericana.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
El protocolo estándar de EMDR requiere enfocar los orígenes de la perturbación, los gatillos del presente y crear un patrón de conductas adecuadas para el futuro (Shapiro). Algunos pacientes, sin embargo pueden tener dificultades para conectar su problema actual con acontecimientos del pasado. Así también, otros pacientes pueden tener dificultades para crear patrones positivos para el futuro, especialmente si ensayar conductas nuevas los pone ansiosos. Para estos problemas las técnicas de "Flotar hacia atrás" y "Flotar hacia delante" desarrolladas por William Zangwill Ph. D., entrenador del Instituto EMDR, son métodos efectivos para ligar el pasado, presente y futuro en un ámbito terapéutico y proveen al terapeuta de instrumentos para abordar eficientemente ambos temas.
LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA ATRÁS
Abordar recuerdos tempranos asociados con el material perturbador es fundamental para EMDR. Shapiro dice que ayudar al paciente a encontrar un recuerdo temprano "debe ser una de las primeras opciones que debe considerar al terapeuta..." (Shapiro, 1995). La Técnica de Flotar hacia atrás es un camino eficiente y poderoso para llegar a esta meta, permitiendo al terapeuta asistir al paciente a llevar a cabo sus propias asociaciones con acontecimientos del pasado. Su uso es muy apropiado cuando el terapeuta sospecha que una perturbación que el paciente experimenta en el presente, tiene sus raíces en experiencias del pasado; especialmente cuando preguntas como "Cuál es su recuerdo más temprano en relación a lo que se siente ahora? no ha tenido éxito en ayudar al paciente a conectar con eventos del pasado. También cuando un paciente presenta un tema o experiencia recurrente, la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es ideal para ayudar al paciente a identificar un target para el reprocesamiento. Muchos pacientes se ponen en contacto con los problemas actuales con relativa facilidad. Por ejemplo, una paciente que se queja que se siente abandonada cuando su marido se va de viaje de negocios, probablemente pueda recordar sus problemas actuales con facilidad. Entonces el terapeuta puede aplicar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás para ayudarle a la paciente a recordar un acontecimiento del pasado con rapidez y eficiencia.
Para usar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, arme el protocolo con el problema actual, utilizando los pasos que figuran en el Manual de Entrenamiento del Nivel I y del Nivel II (Shapiro, 1994) incluyendo la imagen, la cognición negativa (CN), la cognición positiva (CP), la validación de la cognición (VoC), emociones, Unidad Subjetiva de Perturbación (SUD) y sensación corporal. Sin embargo, no incide todavía el procesamiento (es decir, movimientos oculares u otra estimulación). En vez de eso, diga a su paciente: "Fíjese en la imagen de... y esas palabras (repita la imagen perturbadora del paciente y su cognición negativa), fíjese que emociones le vienen y donde las siente en el cuerpo. Ahora cierre los ojos y deje que su mente flote hacia atrás a un período anterior en su vida, no busque, simplemente deje que su mente flote a una época donde usted pensaba cosas similares... (repita las emociones que dijo el paciente) en ...(repita los lugares del cuerpo donde el paciente sintió las sensaciones). Cuando esté listo abra los ojos y dígame lo primero que le viene a la mente".
Utilice esta experiencia más temprana como target, completando todos los items del protocolo: imagen, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD y ubicación de las sensaciones corporales y comience a procesar con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral. Una vez que se ha procesado este material, vuelva al target original del material actual. Muy a menudo se generaliza el trabajo realizado sobre el material más temprano y ya no hace falta procesar el material actual.
Es importante usar términos generales cuando se le dan al paciente las instrucciones de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, es decir, pedir un recuerdo temprano y no el más temprano. Hay varias razones que avalan esto. Primero, muchas veces es el peor recuerdo y no el primero que funciona como el mejor target para el reprocesamiento,. Además, usar términos generales es una ayuda para los pacientes más compulsivos y perfeccionistas que de otra manera estarían demasiado preocupados en no equivocarse y encontrar exactamente la primera asociación. Finalmente, la flexibilidad que permite la utilización de términos generales más que términos específicos aumenta la posibilidad de éxito del paciente de conectarse con el pasado que es la meta de esta técnica.
El rasgo esencial de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es usar las preguntas del protocolo para conectar los problemas del presente con eventos del pasado. Pasar las preguntas como fueron desarrolladas por Shapiro es un potente método para ayudar a los pacientes a sintonizar con todos los aspectos de su experiencia del problema. El material perturbador se vuelve más vívido y actual para el paciente y posibilita recordar experiencias similares. Se supone, como hipótesis, que al haber desarrollado el protocolo con todas las preguntas sobre el problema actual, estimula la red neuronal de asociaciones y posibilita casi sin esfuerzo el "flotar hacia atrás" a asociaciones tempranas.
Además, el vínculo paciente-terapeuta es realzado porque el terapeuta valida la experiencia del paciente (la perturbación actual) al empezar el trabajo desde el punto en el que se encuentra el paciente. Las asociaciones son del paciente, eliminando el tema de la resistencia a cualquier idea o interpretación introducida por el terapeuta. El paciente se da cuenta vivencialmente de la conexión del presente con el pasado usando la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, pudiendo esquivar la evitación y otras defensas.
LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA DELANTE
Mientras que la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás posibilita muy a menudo que los pacientes vean y sientan la conexión entre el problema actual y los eventos pasados, la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante permite que el paciente identifique y reprocese la ansiedad anticipatoria y desarrolle patrones positivos para el futuro. Es un método que puede ser utilizado en cualquier momento del proceso terapéutico para solucionar bloqueos, renuencias y en algunos casos, resistencias o temas de beneficios secundarios o pérdidas. Es especialmente útil para trabajar con el miedo del paciente a hacer EMDR.
Para ponerlo en práctica, primero pida al paciente que imagine lo peor que le puede pasar si hace "X" (por ej. probar una nueva conducta, testear una nueva habilidad, empezar una experiencia nueva). ¿Qué es lo peor que le puede pasar si hace EMDR? Que es lo peor que le puede pasar si soluciona este problema? ¿Qué es lo peor que le puede pasar si le pone límites a su jefe respecto a la cantidad de trabajo que espera que usted haga? El paciente puede necesitar ayuda para identificar la peor escena. Algunas sugerencias incluyen el miedo a perder el control de sus emociones, el miedo a perder el control de sus funciones corporales como el control de esfínteres, miedo a tener un ataque de pánico, y no poder manejar su vida emocional entre las sesiones.
Una vez que el paciente ha identificado el incidente, pregunte por la peor parte de esa escena y utilícelo como el target de EMDR, armando el protocolo con las preguntas estándar, pero con una leve modificación: pregunte por la imagen que representa la peor parte del peor incidente, por ej. "Cuando usted ve una imagen de si mismo/a haciendo......, que es lo peor que puede pasar?"
Después siga con el resto de las preguntas estándar, es decir, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD, y ubicación de la sensación corporal. Estimule el procesamiento del paciente con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral.
Si el desarrollo de la peor escena del paciente le provoca un miedo racional, puede que se tengan que tomar medidas prácticas para solucionar estas preocupaciones. Por ejemplo, usando la técnica de flotar hacia delante con un chico de 13 años que estaba en un hogar adoptivo transitorio, la peor escena evocada por él fue: "Me van a devolver al Hogar si esta adopción no resulta". Durante el procesamiento, el SUD se redujo de 8 a 3 con bastante rapidez pero de ahí no bajaba. El paciente comentó que no bajaba porque esta "peor escena" podría sucederle realmente y le había sucedido en el pasado. Paramos los movimientos oculares, charlamos un rato y elaboramos un plan para: a) una sesión con sus padres adoptivos para hablar sobre la permanencia de la adopción y b) una llamada en conferencia a su asesor legal para clarificar sus derechos y opciones. Volviendo al target después de esto, le fue posible reducir el SUD a 1 con unos pocos sets de movimientos oculares.
Al utilizar la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante para reprocesar la peor escena, el paciente tiene una oportunidad para resolver la ansiedad anticipatoria. Durante la instalación de la cognición positiva, el paciente está creando patrones positivos para acciones en el futuro. Una mujer cuyo hermano fue verbalmente abusivo con ella en la infancia y en la actualidad la intimidaba, armó una "peor escena" con: "Va a ser igualmente abusivo cuando lo vea la próxima vez". La paciente había hecho mucho EMDR, reprocesando incidentes de la infancia relacionados con el abuso verbal del hermano. Sin embargo, sin un referente positivo vivencial, seguía ansiosa cada vez que interactuaba con él. Pidiéndole que "flote hacia delante" y usando EMDR sobre una de las peores escenas, alivió su ansiedad respecto a una fiesta familiar que tenía pendiente. Instalando una CP de "Ahora estoy más fuerte" le permitió crear una imagen de si misma manejando a su hermano con humor y sintiéndose segura.
A aplicar las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante y ocuparse así del pasado, presente y futuro, el terapeuta de EMDR puede sanar mejor a su paciente. Es más, las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante están basadas en EMDR. Las dos incorporan las preguntas del protocolo standard y le dan al terapeuta y al paciente la oportunidad de manejarse más fluidamente con dicho protocolo.
EMDR standard protocol requires a focus of the origins of the disturbance, the triggers of this and create a pattern of behaviors appropriate to the future (Shapiro). Some patients, however, may have difficulty connecting the current problem with past events. Also, other patients may have difficulty creating positive patterns for the future, especially if you try new behaviors makes them anxious. For these problems the techniques of "float back" and "Float forward" developed by William Zangwill Ph.D., EMDR Institute trainer, are effective methods to link the past, present and future in a therapeutic area and provide the therapist tools to effectively address both issues.
THE ART OF FLOATING BACK
Addressing early memories associated with foreign material is essential to EMDR. Shapiro said that helping the patient to find early memory "must be one of the first options to consider when therapist ..." (Shapiro, 1995). Floating Technique back is a powerful and efficient way to reach this goal, allowing the therapist to assist the patient to carry out their own associations with past events. Its use is most appropriate when the clinician suspects that a disturbance that the patient is experiencing at present, is rooted in past experiences, especially when questions like "What is your earliest memory in relation to what you feel now? Not been successful in helping patients to connect with past events. Also when a patient has a recurrent theme or experience, the Backward Floating Technique is ideal for helping the patient to identify a target for reprocessing. Many patients come into contact with the current problems with relative ease. For example, a patient who complains that she feels abandoned when her husband goes on a business trip, you can probably recall their current problems with ease. Then the therapist can apply the technique Float Backwards to help the patient to remember a past event quickly and efficiently.
To use the technique to back float, arm the protocol to the current problem, using the steps listed in the Training Manual Level I and Level II (Shapiro, 1994) including the image, negative cognition (NC) positive cognition (PC), validation of cognition (VoC), emotions, Subjective Unit of Disturbance (SUD) and bodily sensation. However, it still affects the processing (ie, eye movements or other stimulation). Instead, tell your patient: "Look at the picture ... and those words (repetition of the disturbing image of the patient and negative cognition), note that emotions come from and where you sit on the body. Now close eyes and let your mind float back to an earlier period in your life, look no further, just let your mind float to a time when you thought things like ... (repeat the emotions that said the patient) .. . (repeat parts of the body where the patient felt the sensation). When you are ready open your eyes and tell me the first thing that comes to mind. "
Use this early experience as a target, completing all protocol items: image, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD and location of bodily sensations and begin processing with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation. Once this material has been processed, return to the original target of the current material. Very often we generalize the work done on the earlier material and no longer have to render the current material.
It is important to use general terms when the patient is given instructions Technique Float Backwards, ie a memory request early and not earlier. There are several reasons that support this. First, it is often the worst memory and not the first that works as the best target for reprocessing. In addition, using general terms is an aid for compulsive and perfectionistic patients who otherwise would be too concerned with avoiding failure and find exactly the first association. Finally, the flexibility that allows the use of general rather than specific terms increases the likelihood of success of the patient to connect with the past that is the goal of this technique.
The essential feature of the technique is to use Float Backwards questions of protocol to connect the problems of the present with past events. Skip the questions and were developed by Shapiro is a powerful method to help patients to tune into all aspects of their experience of the problem. The foreign material becomes more vivid and present to the patient and possible recall similar experiences. It is assumed, arguendo, that having developed the protocol with all the questions about the current problem, the neural network encourages and facilitates partnerships almost effortlessly "float back" early associations.
In addition, the patient-therapist relationship is enhanced because the therapist validates the patient's experience (current disruption) to start work from the point where the patient is. Partnerships are the patient, eliminating the issue of resistance to any idea or interpretation introduced by the therapist. The patient realizes experientially connecting the present with the past by using the technique Float Backwards, can avoid the avoidance and other defenses.
THE ART OF FLOATING FORWARD
While technology enables Float Backwards often patients to see and feel the connection between the current problem and past events, the forward float technique allows the patient to identify and reprocess anticipatory anxiety and develop positive patterns the future. It is a method that can be used at any time of the therapeutic process to troubleshoot crashes, reluctance and in some cases, resistance or topics of ancillary benefits or losses. It is especially useful for working with the patient's fear to do EMDR.
To put this into practice, first ask the patient to imagine the worst that can happen if you "X" (eg. Try a new behavior, test a new skill, start a new experience.) What's the worst that can happen if you EMDR? That's the worst that can happen if you solve this problem? What's the worst that can happen if you put your head limits on the amount of work expected to do? The patient may need help to identify the worst scene. Some suggestions include fear of losing control of his emotions, fear of losing control of their bodily functions such as bowel and bladder control, fear of having a panic attack and can not manage their emotional life between sessions.
Once the patient has identified the incident, ask for the worst part of that scene and use it as the target of EMDR, setting up the protocol with the standard questions, but with a slight modification: ask for the image that represents the worst of worst incident, eg. "When you see a picture of him / herself by ......, it's the worst that can happen?"
Then follow with the rest of the standard questions, ie, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD, and location of bodily sensation. Stimulate the processing of patients with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation.
If the development of the patient's worst scene provokes a rational fear, you may have to take practical steps to address these concerns. For example, using the technique of floating forward with a boy of 13 who was in a temporary foster home, the worst scene evoked for him was: "I will return home if this adoption is not." During processing, the LDS was reduced from 8 to 3 fairly quickly but it does not down. The patient said he did not go down because the "worst scene" could really happen and had happened in the past. Eye movements stopped, we chatted a while and developed a plan for: a) a meeting with her adoptive parents to discuss the permanence of the adoption and b) a conference call to his legal adviser to clarify your rights and options. Returning to the target after that, it was possible to reduce the LDS-1 with a few sets of eye movements.
Using Floating Technique forward to reprocess the worst scenario, the patient has an opportunity to resolve the anticipatory anxiety. During the installation of the positive cognition, the patient is creating positive patterns for future action. A woman whose brother was verbally abusive to her children and now intimidated, put together a "worst stage" with: "It will be equally unfair when I see him next time." The patient had done much EMDR reprocessing childhood incidents related to verbal abuse of his brother. However, without a positive reference experiential, still anxious every time I interacted with him. Asking him to "float forward" and using EMDR on one of the worst scenes, relieved her anxiety about a family party that was pending. Installing a CP of "I'm stronger now allowed him to create an image of herself driving her brother with humor and feeling safe.
To apply the techniques to float back and forth and deal well past, present and future, the EMDR therapist can heal your patient better. Moreover, techniques to float back and forth are based on EMDR. Both incorporate the standard protocol questions and give the therapist and the patient the opportunity to be managed more smoothly with this protocol.
Keywords: Floatback Technique Float Foward Technique
Accuracy Verified: Yes
169. Grand, D. (2001, May). Flow EMDR - Advanced clinical practice. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Although the structured protocols and procedures of EMDR practice have provided therapists
with enhanced healing opportunities, the awkwardness of the procedure remains unnatural to
many EMDR therapists. However, EMDR can be modified to a more natural face-to-face
flowing treatment process.
This presentation will comprehensively examine flow EMDR and its dual naturalising
components of "essential listening" and extended bi-lateral stimulation. "Essential listening"
entails the therapists accepting that all potential answers reside in the clients system.
This information and the ensuing healing process is supported by the therapist suspending all meta
communications emanating from the client. Following this procedure, combined with the
targeted information of the protocol activated by bi-lateral stimulation, allows the client to
process information until they arrive at their "essential truths".
Flow EMDR also utilises longer sets and/or continuous bi-lateral stimulation afforded by
auditory and tactile stimulation. Innovations in eye movement, called ''paint brushing", will
also be demonstrated with varied pace, direction, pausing and distance. Auditory stimulation
will be reviewed as to its current modes and tactile stimulation will also be explored in terms
of tapping, pressing and mechanical activation.
Flow EMDR also actively integrates ego state work, part protocols, multiple protocols,
parallel protocols, self questioning interweaves, targeting of present mood states, resource
activation's of locating and installing positive body sensations and body processing enhanced
by colour and image associations.
This presentation will include lecture, clinical demonstratipn, audience participation and
extensive hand-out material.
Keywords: Essential Listening Flow EMDR
Accuracy Verified: Yes
170. Sime, W. (1999). From critic to consumer: Evolving personal conceptions of EMDR applications in sport psychology. Symposium conducted at the annual conference of the Association of the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Initial responses of this presenter to EMDRIA years ago were
not favorable. Now there is cautious optimism that the
procedure is safe, valid, and effective. While multichannel
EEG wave forms do not reveal a significant change in brain
state before and after a bout of training, there may be more
quantifiable measures with newer brain mapping procedures.
Successful cases have been seen ranging from severely
injured athletes fearful of return to competition to an
obsessive/compulsive disorder involving exercise as the
repetitive, problematic behavior. Ironically, the procedure
itself is so routine that it probably is used unknowingly by
some elite athletes who have developed preperformance
routines that involve repetitive left/right motions or eye
movement. Regardless of the function, process, and
mechanism of action, it would appear that EMDR is a
promising technique that can be applied effectively with
athletes who have injury and/or performance breakdown
Keywords: Athletes Performance Breakdown Sports Psychology Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
171. Brayne, M. (2011, March). Giving evidence in court on behalf of an EMDR client. Symposium conducted at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
What’s it like to give court evidence in the UK on behalf of an EMDR client? And what can EMDR unleash
in a survivor of child sexual abuse now become war reporter? In 2007, Mark Brayne became one of the
very few EMDR therapists internationally to have taken the witness stand for a client, involving sexual
abuse charges against a former priest at a prominent Catholic school in the UK. Mark’s client “G”, a former
war correspondent, had always known he was abused as a child. But it was in EMDR, more than 20 years
later, that he recalled the detail. Four years after the trial, “G” has now given permission for his story to be
told. This workshop will a space to explore some of the legal challenges of working with EMDR, and also
EMDR’s table-turning and at times colourfully cartoon-like impact on the narrative of dysfunctional
memory networks.
Keywords: Court Evidence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
172. Shapiro, F. (2012, February 5). How memories keep us apart: The past is present. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/francine-shapiro-phd/ptsd-military_b_1250202.html 2/5/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
When I first began to develop EMDR therapy back in 1987, I experimented with everyone who was willing to volunteer. I'd ask: Do you have anything bothering you? Not surprisingly, everyone had something. Whether it was a problem at work or a fight at home, by having them concentrate on it and using the procedures, rapid change usually occurred. Fascinating connections were made, and it was like having a window into the brain. For instance, one of the things I found very interesting was that often the problem they were concentrating on would spontaneously connect in their minds to earlier memories that were related in some way. That's how I began to discover that the past was really present. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Blog Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Relationships Veterans War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
173. Leeds, A. M. (2009, August). How to use work samples and case documentation in remote EMDR consultation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation will present practical strategies for Approved Consultants (AC) and applicants for EMDRIA Certification to use written work samples and case documentation to support remote EMDR consultation – via telephone or VOIP (This presentation will present practical strategies for Approved Consultants (AC) and applicants for EMDRIA Certification to use written work samples and case documentation to support remote EMDR consultation – via telephone or VOIP (Voice
Over Internet Protocol) services. By using written case summaries and near verbatim summaries of reprocessing sessions, ACs and consultees can achieve significant gains in understanding and fidelity in application of standard EMDR protocols and procedures.
Sample consultation agreements, written case materials and fidelity checklist will be provided to illustrate the use of written case summaries and near verbatim summaries of reprocessing sessions.
Keywords: Remote Consultation Voice Over Internet Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
174. Klaus, P. (2005, September). The impact of childhood sexual abuse on childbearing: EMDR and other therapeutic interventions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Childhood abuse memories can be activated at significant developmental periods
or at stressful life events. Childbearing is especially vulnerable due perhaps to
uncontrollable factors such as rapid changes in the woman's body, uncertainty
and pain of labor, numerous invasive procedures, coping with medical
professionals who are strangers with authority and power, and responsibility
for a tiny, dependent infant. Participants will identify symptoms that may be
exhibited during childbearing, recognize specific triggers that activate abuse
memories and interfere with birth or parenting, and learn how to incorporate
EMDR with specific interventions to help survivors reduce fears, minimize
htrggers, promote healing and bonding.
Keywords: Child Bearing Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
175. Leeds, A. (2007, June). Improving self-regulation and social functioning for survivors of early emotional neglect and abuse with positive affect tolerance and integration protocol: A case series. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Survivors of early emotional neglect experience pervasive difficulties including vulnerability to adult psychiatric disorders and inability to regulate emotional states (Schore, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001a, 2001b; Teicher, 2000, 2002; Teicher et al, 1993; Teicher et al., 1997). Their inability to regulate emotional states is not solely linked to effects of adverse events, but is significantly linked to insufficient exposure to normal, developmental attachment sequences that foster capacities for self-regulation.
A subset of adult survivors of early, pervasive, emotional neglect who meet full or partial criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder also present with comorbid Cluster C Axis II symptoms (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive) and meet criteria for dismissing (or fearful) insecure attachment (Cassidy & Shaver, 1999; Main, 1996).
Clinical assessment reveals these patients have low tolerance for positive interpersonal emotions and engage in defensive strategies to dismiss, minimize, deny or subtly avoid experiencing and assimilating this positive emotional states into their internal model of self. These strategies include overt and covert behavioral avoidance as well as dissociate defenses. Paradoxically, these patients may show superficial characteristics or competence, interpersonal skills, or emotional stability which on closer examination prove to be fragile or which collapse in the face of social stressors.
The general theoretical base for the Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration (PAT) protocol is related to McCullough’s (1996, 2003) model of affect phobia and recognizes McCullough’s emphasis on an anxiety regulating, titrated approach to developing tolerance for adaptive affect and associated coping behaviors. Putnam’s (1997) discrete behavioral states model provides an important conceptual framework for understanding these patients’ needs to gradually develop new discrete behavioral (psychophysiological and affective) states and new pathways (schemes and scripts) fostering access to these shared positive states often as a crucial early phase of treatment to help resolve their impairments in emotional self-regulation.
This presentation describes the use of standard EMDR procedural steps in a treatment plan that postpones the standard three pronged (past, present, future) PTSD protocol, but which is consistent with the consensus model for Complex PTSD (Brown, Scheflin & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999; Hart, Nijenhuis, Steele, 2006) and other EMDR approaches focused initially on improving response to current stimuli (Hoffman, 2004; Leeds & Korn, 1998; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000) before attempting to target childhood traumatic memories. Targets for PAT are recent experiences in which the patient was exposed to positive, shared, interpersonal emotional states. The purposes for applying PAT to these targets are: to decrease defensive avoidance; dissociation and anxiety about shared positive emotional states; to increase capacity to tolerate and enjoy these shared positive emotional states; and to integrate these shared positive emotional states into positive schemas and self-concepts. Observed clinical gains following PAT included: improved mood and resilience, and decreased depersonalization during subsequent use of EMDR to reprocess traumatic memories.
The goal in presenting this “Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration Protocol” case series is to encourage research to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of this application of the standard EMDR procedures for a clinical subpopulation generally considered challenging to treat.
Keywords: Affect Tolerance Poster Self-Regulation Social Functioning
Accuracy Verified: Yes
176. Laliotis, D. (1998, July). Integrating EMDR into a clinical practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) describe how they might modify their standard clinical assessment procedures in order to improve the linkage between evaluation and EMDR treatment; 2) report an enhanced level of confidence employing EMDR with client populations they are qualified to treat; and 3) report an improved understanding of issues relted to billing, informed consent, and managing referrals for EMDR.
Keywords: Clinical Integration
Accuracy Verified: Yes
177. Paulsen, S. L. (2007, September). Integrating somatic interventions and EMDR: Keeping it AIP “legal”. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Shapiro’s contributions include not only the discovery of the role of eye movements, but the development of the eight-phases for safety and effectiveness and Adaptive Information Processing theory. In tandem, advances in the neurobiology of trauma have resulted in somatic interventions for treating trauma. This workshop will: 1) summarize theory behind somatic interventions and its relationship to AIP theory; 2) identify defining elements of somatic interventions and; 3) identify where in the eight-step process of EMDR specific somatic elements can be utilized while maintaining the integrity of EMDR.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Eight Phases Eye Movements Somatic Interventions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
178. Pereira, I. (2012, Novembro). Intervenção psicoterapêutica no tratamento de paciente com a síndrome de fibromialgia [Psychotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome]. In EMDR e fibromialgia. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivo: Compartilhar a remissão dos sintomas da Síndrome da Fibriomialgia, com a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR – Dessensibilização e Reprocessamento através de movimentos oculares. R.M.S. iniciou seu tratamento psicoterapêutico em Outubro de 2010, na Abordagem Cognitiva Comportamental. R.M.S. nasceu em 23/06/1957, estava com 53 anos, viúva, tem duas filhas, uma solteira a outra casada. Sofria um luto há mais de três anos porque não aceitava a morte do marido. Apresentava Depressão e Ansiedade, e outras comorbidades: Anorexia Nervosa, Lúpus, Síndrome de Fibriomialgia. De Outubro de 2010 a Dezembro de 2011, a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica em TCC foi associada à medicação psicotrópica com a qual conseguiu redução dos sintomas depressivos. Fazia uso de outros medicamentos para a Síndrome da Fibriomialgia, Lúpus, assim como recorrentes internações em hospital de Clinica Médica Geral para a realização de procedimentos para a redução da dor intensa no corpo (Síndrome da Fibriomialgia) e de intervenção aos sintomas da Anorexia. Após um período de férias, entraram em contato comigo informando que a paciente estava hospitalizada permanecendo duas semanas com a hipótese diagnóstica de câncer, o que na sequência não foi confirmado, tendo recebido alta hospitalar. A dor intensa no corpo, a dificuldade para respirar permaneciam iguais. Solicitou o retorno para a psicoterapia, quando foi sugerido sobre a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR. As sessões foram realizadas conforme protocolo do EMDR. Para o Planejamento das Sessões o foco incial era a Síndrome de Fibriomialgia. Foi pedido à paciente para definir onde ela sentia mais dor no corpo, e de imediato mencionou a dificuldade para respirar, com a queixa de dor no peito. Nesta primeira sessão, ocorreram dessensibilização e reprocessamento rapidamente, tendo a mesma solicitado para trabalhar os braços. As sessões foram realizadas duas a três vezes na semana, e ao longo deste processo podem ser ouvidas frases tais quais: “Como pode passei por tantos médicos e estou sendo curada com por uma psicóloga” (sic); “Gastei com tanto medicamento, aqui com você não tomo remédio e não estou sentindo mais dor no meu corpo” (sic). A terapia prossegue a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR.
Objective: Share remission Syndrome Fibriomialgia, Psychotherapeutic Intervention with EMDR - Desensitization and Reprocessing through eye movements. R.M.S. began her psychotherapeutic treatment in October 2010, Cognitive Behavioral Approach. R.M.S. born on 06.23.1957, he was 53 years old, a widow, has two daughters, one married another maiden. He suffered a bereavement for over three years because they did not accept her husband's death. Presented Depression and Anxiety, and other comorbidities: Anorexia Nervosa, Lupus, Fibriomialgia Syndrome. From October 2010 to December 2011, Psychotherapeutic Intervention in CBT was associated with psychotropic medication which could reduce depressive symptoms. Made use of other medications for Fibriomialgia Syndrome, Lupus, as well as recurrent hospital admissions in Medical Clinic General to carry out procedures for the reduction of pain in the body (Fibriomialgia Syndrome) and intervention for symptoms of Anorexia. After a vacation, contacted me stating that the patient was hospitalized two weeks remaining in the diagnosis of cancer, which as a result was not confirmed, having been discharged. Severe pain in the body, difficulty breathing remained the same. Requested the return for psychotherapy, when it was suggested on EMDR Psychotherapeutic Intervention. The sessions were performed according to the protocol of EMDR. Planning sessions for the initial focus was Fibriomialgia Syndrome. The patient was asked to define where she felt more pain in the body, and immediately mentioned the difficulty breathing, complaining of chest pain. In this first session, desensitization and reprocessing occurred rapidly, with the same request to work the arms. The sessions were held two to three times a week, and during this process can be heard phrases such as: "How can so many doctors and I'm being healed by a psychologist with" (sic), "I spent with both medicine here I do not take medication with you and I'm not feeling more pain in my body "(sic). The therapy continues Psychotherapeutic Intervention EMDR.
Keywords: Comorbidity Fibromyalgia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
179. Luber, M., & Shapiro, F. (2009). Interview with Francine Shapiro: Historical overview, present issues, and future directions of EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 217-231. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.217.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This interview with Dr. Francine Shapiro, originator and developer of Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing (EMDR), provides an overview of the history and evolution of EMDR from its inception
to current findings and utilization, as well as future directions in research and clinical development.
Dr. Shapiro discusses the psychological traditions that informed the development of EMDR and the Adaptive
Information model, as well as the implications for current treatment. The rationale for the application
of EMDR to a wide range of disorders is discussed, as well as its integration with other therapeutic approaches.
Topics include research on the role of eye movements, the use of EMDR with combat veterans,
somatoform disorders, attachment issues, and the distinct features of EMDR that have allowed it to be
used for crisis intervention worldwide.
Dr. Francine Shapiro is the originator and developer of EMDR. She is a senior research fellow at the Mental Research Institute
(MRI) in Palo Alto, California, executive director of the EMDR Institute in Watsonville, California, and the founder and
president emeritus of the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program, a nonprofit organization that coordinates disaster
response and supports low fee training worldwide. She has written the primary text on EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing: Basic Principles and Procedures (Guilford Press) and co-authored or edited four others: EMDR: The
Breakthrough Therapy for Overcoming Anxiety, Stress and Trauma (Basic Books), EMDR as an Integrative Psychotherapy Approach:
Experts of Diverse Orientations Explore the Paradigm Prism (American Psychological Association Books), Handbook of EMDR
and Family Therapy Processes (Wiley), and Short-Term Therapy for Long-Term Change. She has written and co-authored more
than 60 articles and chapters and is an invited speaker at psychology conferences all over the world. Dr. Shapiro is a recipient
of the American Psychological Association Division 56 Award for Outstanding Contributions to Practice in Trauma
Psychology, the Distinguished Scientific Achievement in Psychology Award presented by the California Psychological Association
and the International Sigmund Freud Award for Psychotherapy presented by the City of Vienna in conjunction
with the World Council of Psychotherapy. She was appointed one of the “Cadre of Experts” by the American Psychological
Association and Canadian Psychological Association Joint Initiative on Ethno-political Warfare. She has served as an
advisor to many trauma treatment and outreach organizations and journals. She has three awards bestowed in her honor.
Those given by the EMDR International Association and the EMDR-Ibero-American Association celebrate members of
the EMDR community who follow in her footsteps of creative thinking, service, and dedication to the standard of EMDR.
The EMDR Europe Association presents the Francine Shapiro EMDR-Europe Research Award in order to encourage
research in the field. In 2008, a comprehensive electronic resource for scholarly articles and other important references
related to EMDR and adaptive information processing was introduced and was named The Francine Shapiro Library in
honor of Dr. Shapiro (http://emdr.nku.edu/emdr_data.php).
Accuracy Verified: Yes
180. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2008, September). Introduction to the (revised) recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP): A newly applied conceptual perspective for early EMDR Intervention (EEI). Author.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The Recent-Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP) takes the wisdom of the Standard EMDR
Protocol (Shapiro, 1995, 2001) and applies it in adapted form for recent events to provide a
comprehensive approach to Early EMDR Intervention (EEI). The R-TEP thus presents an
integrative protocol for EEI, which incorporates and extends existing procedures. It is a protocol
that utilises both the EMD and EMDR protocols together with some elements of the Recent
Event protocol within a newly conceived extended time perspective, termed here the
"Traumatic Episode". The Traumatic Episode (or T-Episode) comprises multiple targets of
disturbing images/ events/ other experiences, from the original incident until today, including
disturbing thoughts about the future, which need to be processed. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Recent Events Recent Traumatic Events R-TEP Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
181. Shapiro, F. (2002). Introduction: Paradigms, processing, and personality development. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (pp. 3–26. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The basic thesis of this book is that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrated mode of psychotherapy with incorporated principles, protocols, and procedures that are compatible with all the major psychological orientations. It is hoped that EMDR can bridge the gap between various forms of psychotherapy and perhaps allow the information-processing model (which is explained in this chapter) to act as a common language. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Information-Processing Model Models Personality Development Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
182. Rogers, S., & Silver, S. M. (2002, January). Is EMDR an exposure therapy? A review of trauma protocols. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 43-59. doi:10.1002/jclp.1128.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article presents the well established theoretical base and clinical practice of exposure therapy for trauma. Necessary requirements for positive treatment results and contraindicated procedures are reviewed. EMDR is contrasted with these requirements and procedures. By the definitions and clinical practice of exposure therapy, the classification of EMDR poses some problems. As seen from the exposure therapy paradigm, its lack of physiological habituation and use of spontaneous association should result in negligible or negative effects rather than the well researched positive outcomes. Possible reasons for the effectiveness of EMDR are discussed, ranging from the fundamental nature of trauma reactions to the nonexposure mechanisms utilized in information processing models. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Keywords: Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Trauma Protocols
Accuracy Verified: Yes
183. Tutarel-Kıslak, S. (2004). Kaygi duyarligini azaltmada göz hareketieriyle duyarsizlastirma ve yeniden isleme (EMDR) tedavisi [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) approach in the treatment of anxiety sensitivity]. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 19(53), 65-67.
Language: Turkish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Göz Hareketleriyle Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (EMDR) ve kontrollü araştırma destek olmak amacıyla Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) ilk tedavilerden biridir artık giderek diğer psikolojik bozukluklar kadar uzatıldı. Bu çalışmada anksiyete duyarlılığı tedavisinde kas gevşetme ve EMDR işlemlerin etkilerini karşılaştırmak için planlandı. Ondokuz lisans öğrencileri dört alt ölçekleri ile standartlaştırılmış, özbildirim ölçmek oldu Anksiyete Duyarlılığı Profile (ASP) cevap verdi. Onlar rastgele iki gruba (; kas gevşeme ve EMDR tedavisi koşul); atanmış oldukları ve beş gün önce, ASP ölçek doldurulan ve girişim (müdahale süresi; öncesi ve sonrası müdahale ve takip) dört ay sonra. Sonuçlar, EMDR tedavisi alt puanı solunum semptomları korkusu önemli bir düşüş gösterdi üretilen bu düşüşün ardından devam etmek için ortaya dört aylık takip. Kardiyak semptomların yanı sıra korku içinde çok sonra EMDR durumda azalmış dört aylık takip. bulgular EMDR kim bir travma ilgili etyolojisi bir kaygı duyarlılığı olanlar için kas gevşeme daha etkili tedavi ve ayrıca bazı durumlarda deneyim kaygı duyarlılığı edilebilir olduğu görüşünü desteklemektedir. literatür ile elde edilen bulguların tutarlılığı tartışılmıştır. (PsycINFO Veritabanı Record (c) 2008 APA, tüm hakları saklıdır) (dergi soyut)
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is one of the first treatments of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to be supported in controlled research, and it is now increasingly extended to other psychological disorders. The present study was designed to compare the effects of muscle relaxation and EMDR procedures in the treatment of anxiety sensitivity. Nineteen undergraduate students responded on the Anxiety Sensitivity Profile (asp) which was a standardized, self-report measure with four subscales. They were randomly assigned to two groups (treatment condition; muscle relaxation and EMDR); and they were filled out the ASP scale before, five days, and four months after the intervention (intervention time; pre and post intervention and follow up). Results showed that EMDR treatment produced a significant decline in fear of respiratory symptoms subscale score, and this decline appeared to continue after a four month follow-up. In addition fear of the cardiac symptoms too decreased in EMDR condition after a four month follow-up. The findings support the notion that EMDR can be a more effective treatment than the muscle relaxation for those who have an anxiety sensitivity with a trauma related etiology and also who experience anxiety sensitivity in certain circumstances. Consistency of the findings with the literature was discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)(from the journal abstract)
Keywords: Anxiety Sensitivity Empirical Study Etiology Follow-up Study Psychological Disorders Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
184. Gurel, D. (2010). Kronik aðrý tedavisinde güncel bir psikoterapotik yaklaþým: Göz hareketleri ile duyarsýzlaþtýrma ve yeniden yapýlandýrma [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treatment of chronic pain as a contemporary psychotherapeutic approach]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(1), 36-41.
Language: Turkish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Klinik psikoloji alanında ağrıya ilişkin çalışmalar son yıllarda gittikçe artmaktadır. Önceleri kronik ağrının psikolojik boyutlarına yönelik model oluşturmaya ağırlık verilirken daha sonraları tedaviye yönelik psikoterapotik yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine odaklanılmıştır. 1987 yılında Klinik Psikolog olan Francine SHAPİRO, istemli ve sistematik olarak yapılan göz hareketlerinin, olumsuz ve rahatsız edici düşüncelerin yoğunluğunu azalttığı tezinden hareketle Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden Yapılandırma-Eye Movement Desensitization and Repocessing (EMDR) tekniğini geliştirmiş. İki yıl boyunca etkinliğini araştırmak üzere çalışmalar yapmıştır. EMDR ilk olarak, savaş stresi, taciz, doğal afetler veya çocukluk döneminde yaşanan üzücü olaylar gibi rahatsız edici yaşam deneyimlerinin neden olduğu duygusal sorunların iyileştirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Daha sonraları fobi, performans kaygısı, panik bozukluk, beden algısı bozukluğu, çocuklardaki travma belirtileri, yas, dermatolojik bozukluklar, fantom organ ağrısı ve en son olarak da kronik ağrı tedavisinde kullanılmış oldukça çarpıcı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Aşağıdaki yazıda ülkemizde henüz yeni yeni yaygınlaşan bu tekniğin tedavi rasyoneli ve uygulaması hakkında kısa bir bilgi sunulmaktadır. Özünü bilgi işleme yaklaşımlarından ve davranışın nöropsikolojik temellerinden alan EMDR Tekniğin in kronik ağrıyı açıklanma biçiminin zenginliği yanı sıra tedavideki sıra dışı başarısının önümüzdeki yıllarda psikoterapi alanında daha çok ilgi yaratacağı düşünülmektedir.
Psychological treatment studies in pain disorders have greatly increased in recent years. The focus was first on the development of theories and models related to chronic pain. However, main focus has been on the development of therapeutic approaches which are effective in the treatment of chronic pain. In 1987, Clinical Psychologist Francine Shapiro developed the novel Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR ) technique based on the idea that voluntary and systematic eye movements could effectively decrease the intensity of negative and disturbing thoughts and has since then been undertaking research on the topic. EMDR was first used in post-travmatic stres disorders as a result of wars, rape, earthquake and childhood abuse to deal with the emotional disturbaunces of problematic life experiences. It later started to encompass phobias, performance anxiety, panic attacks, body-image disorders, trauma symptoms in children bereavement, skin diseases, phantom limb pains and lastly chronic pain treatment with striking results. This paper consists of brief information on the underlying principles and application procedures of EMDR. This technique is mainly based on both information processing and neuropsychological approaches. EMDR has comprehensive approaches to explain the reasons for chronic pain. It seems most likely that the technique will prove widespread to be of great interest within the area of psychotherapies.
Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Disorders Pain Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
185. Parrett, B. (1996, June). Legal abuse in family court/RX, EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Family Court Legal
Accuracy Verified: Yes
186. Knipe J. (2008). Loving eyes: Procedures to therapeutically reverse dissociative processes while preserving emotional safety. In C. Forgash and M. Copeley, (Eds.) Healing the heart of trauma and dissociation with EMDR and ego state therapy (pp. 181-225). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Dual attention (simultaneous awareness of both the disturbing material and a neutral or safe aspect of the present situation) is an essential element of the effectiveness of EMDR (Shapiro, 2001). That is, in EMDR therapy, the therapist assists the client in keeping "one foot in the present, one foot in the past." Metaphorically, "two feet in the past" would simply be emotionally reliving the trauma, and not therapeutic. For those clients with highly dissociated and intense affect, there is a danger with standard EMDR that uncontrolled emotion may intrude into consciousness in a way that undermines this important balance between present and past. In this chapter, several methods are described that seem to be useful in empowering clients with dissociated ego states to stay oriented to the present while processing unfinished disturbing memories. Specifically, these EMDR variations seem to enable the client to maintain the balance between emotional safety and the controlled emergence of unresolved affect, so as to avoid dissociative abreaction and make possible the healing and eventual integration of separate parts of the self. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved
Keywords: Dual Attention
Accuracy Verified: Yes
187. Hensley, B. J. (2010). Manual básico de EMDR [EMDR basic manual]. Bilbao ESPAÑA: Desclée De Brouwer.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book
Abstract:
Manual básico de EMDR. "Hensley ha escrito un libro sencillo y básico, que constituye el complemento perfecto a los textos de Shapiro". Dra. Jennifer Lendl "Los ejemplos, casos, tablas y diagramas... ayudan al terapeuta EMDR a comprender y desarrollar la pericia adicional relativa a este maravi- lloso método". Dra. Irene B. Giessl Este libro de texto ha sido diseñado para ser usado como material adicional al texto original de Francine Shapiro. Incluye una revisión completa del modelo de Procesamiento Adaptativo de la Información (PAI) y de los principios, protocolos y procedimientos de la EMDR tanto para los terapeutas recién formados como para los profesionales experimentados que deseen revisar dichos principios. Sus claves son: • Una revisión global de la EMDR incluyendo el Procesamiento Adaptativo de la Información y el enfoque de tres vértices con un lenguaje accesible y comprensible. • Una síntesis de los elementos básicos de las ocho fases de la EMDR con ejemplos de cada fase, de modo que el contenido fundamental pueda ser fácilmente comprendido. • Estrategias y técnicas para tratar a clientes difíciles, con altos niveles de emociones perturbadoras y con un procesamiento bloqueado. • Historiales, diálogos y transcripciones de sesiones satisfactorias de EMDR con explicaciones relativas a la justificación del tratamiento.
EMDR Basic Manual. "Hensley has written a simple and basic, which is the perfect complement to the text of Shapiro. " Dr. Jennifer Lendl. "The examples, cases, tables and diagrams ... EMDR helps the therapist understand and develop additional expertise on this marvelous method and counsel. " Dr. Irene B. Giessl. This textbook is designed to be used as additional material to the original text by Francine Shapiro. Includes a comprehensive review of the model of Adaptive Information Processing (PAI) and the principles, protocols and procedures for both EMDR trained therapists just as for experienced professionals wishing to review these principles. Your keys are: • A comprehensive review of the EMDR including the Adaptive Information Processing and the three-pronged approach with an accessible and understandable. • A summary of the basic elements of the eight phases of EMDR with examples of each phase, so that the substance can be easily understood. • Strategies and techniques for dealing with difficult clients, with high levels of disturbing emotions and blocked processing. • Records, dialogues and transcripts of sessions with EMDR satisfactory explanations regarding the rationale for treatment.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
188. Shapiro, F. (2007). Manuel d'EMDR: Principes, protocoles, procédures . Paris, France: Dunod-InterEditions.
Language: French
Format: Book
Abstract:
Préface David Servan-Schreiber ; traduit de l'américain par Valérie Mégevand
"L'édition originale de cet ouvrage a été publiée aux États-Unis par The Guilford Press sous le titre: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Second edtion. Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures"--Verso de la page titre.
Preface David Servan-Schreiber, translated from the U.S. by Valerie Mégevand
"The original edition of this book was published in the U.S. by The Guilford Press under the title: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Second edtion. Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures" - Verso of title page .
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Trauma, PTSD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
189. Shapiro, F. (2007). Manuel d’EMDR – Principles, protocols, procédures [Handbook of EMDR: Principles, protocols, procedures]. Paris, France: Dunod-InterEditions.
Language: French
Format: Book
Abstract:
En complément d'information, consulter la fiche Psychothérapie. Vous y trouverez une vue d'ensemble des multiples approches psychothérapeutiques – incluant un tableau guide pour vous aider à choisir les plus appropriées – ainsi qu'un exposé sur les facteurs de réussite d’une thérapie.
In additional information, consult the psychotherapy. You will find an overview of many approaches to psychotherapy - including a graphical guide to help you choose the most appropriate - and a presentation on the factors of a successful therapy.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
190. Barrett, S. (2003, July 10). Mental help: Procedures to avoid. Quackwatch. Retrieved from http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mentserv.html 6/7/2007.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Many types of practitioners who profess to treat mental problems are engaged in
questionable practices. The following procedures should be avoided.
Keywords: AIT Auditory Integration Training Doman-Delacato Treatment Facilitated Communication Neural Organization Technique Neuro Emotional Technique NET Neurolinguistic Programming Neurotherapy NLP NOT Optometric Visual Training Past-Life Therapy Routine Personality Testing Stimulation of False Memories Skeptics TFT Thought Field Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
191. Lohr, J. M., Kleinknecht, R. A., Conley, A. T., Dal Cerro, S., Schmidt, S., & Sonntag, M. E. (1992, September). A methodological critique of the current status of eye movement desensitization (EMD). Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 23(3), 159-167. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(92)90032-E.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) has been recently advocated as a rapid treatment for the elimination of traumatic memories responsible for the maintenance of a number of anxiety disorders and their clinical correlates. Despite a limited conceptual framework, EMD has attracted considerable interest among clinicians and researchers. The popularity and interest generated by EMD will likely result in wide usage. We present a methodological critique of it with reference to assessment, treatment outcome, and treatment process. We also provide guidelines for judging the methodological adequacy of research on EMD and suggest intensive research to assess effectiveness, treatment components, and comparisons with other procedures. [Author Summary]
Keywords: PTSD Assessment Instruments Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Needs Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
192. Hauschild, S., & Vecchio, J. (2002, June). Modification of the RDI protocol for inpatient use. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A recent pilot project was initiated in an inpatient adult psychiatric unit to enhance programming and provide interventions to individuals in crisis. The project added a group component to the existing RDI protocol. This presentation will summarize the recent pilot study and results. It will include a review of RDI procedures, and guidelines for assessing patients' needs and choosing appropriate RDI protocols. ParticipaNTs will leave the workshop with new tools that will enable them to evaluate the clinical needs of their inpatient populations and modify the RDI protocol to suit them. Participants will also discuss data collection and research methods.
Keywords: Inpatient RDI Resource Development & Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
193. Andonucci, H. (2004). The modifications of the EMDR protocol for sexually abused children. Alliant International University, San Francisco Bay. AAT 3133439.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
There is an increasing interest in using the procedures of EMDR with sexually abused children because of its effectiveness in treating PTSD and trauma in adults and children. Within the literature clinicians have reported modifications of the standard adult protocol originally developed by Shapiro in order to facilitate the therapy with children. To date, no study has investigated the actual modifications clinicians use when treating sexually abused children. A study was designed to elicit information about the actual use of such modifications from appropriately trained clinicians who work with sexually abused children 12 years and younger. A questionnaire was developed to obtain demographic information from therapists about their background and experience with abused children. An EMDR protocol modification survey was also created to elicit information about whether and how clinicians alter the standard EMDR protocol for use with abused children. Eight completed surveys were returned and the results of data analysis showed that clinicians do indeed modify the protocol as described and discussed. In particular, the results indicated the importance of modifications in the EMDR procedure for children and suggested important changes in the questionnaire that could be used for future data collection. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(5-B), 2004, pp. 2611.
Keywords: Child Abuse Empirical Study Psychotherapeutic Processes Qualitative Study Rape School Age Children Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
194. Beere, D. (2009). Modified resource development and installation (RDI) procedures with dissociative clients. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 281-290). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Keywords: Dissociation Protocol RDI Resource Development and Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
195. Hornsveld, H. (2011, June). More support for the working memory hypothesis: Results and clinical implications. Presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye movements (EMs) during retrieval of negative memories reduce the vividness and emotionality of these memories when they are being recalled later. This is a robust phenomenon and is the basis of the EMDR method. Of the many explanations that have been put forward to explain the benefits of EMs, the working memory (WM) explanation has – by far - the most empirical support.
The WM hypothesis will be explained and a new series of experiments will be presented that give additional support for the WM account and have some large clinical implications.
1.In over 50% of the EMDR treatments eye movements are replaced by other bilateral stimulation like auditory tones or tapping. These ‘variants’ lack empirical support. Several studies (in healthy subjects and patients) strongly suggest that these alternatives are inferior to eye movements. This is in line with the working memory account.
2.Eye movements are also used in (non-desensitization) procedures like the safe place and the RDI procedure. Again, there is no empirical support for the added value of eye movements. Our research indicates that – in line with the WM theory – EM’s seem counterproductive in RDI.
3.EMs also reduce the vividness and emotionality of (disturbing) images of feared future events: "flashforwards". Research data in a non-clinical sample and some clinical cases will be presented.
Hornsveld,H.K. & van de Hout, M.A.
Utrecht University, Dept of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht, Netherlands
Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard en Hellen Hornsveld received the 2010 EMDR Award for Outstanding Research.
Keywords: Working Memory Hypothesis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
196. Prado-Gasco, V. J., Perez-Marin, M., & Molero-Zafra, M. (2010, July). Narrative family therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and adoption: An intervention protocol. Poster presented at the 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology, Melbourne, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: From the model of Narrative family therapy we use tales that could symbolically represent in therapy settings a person or a legal entity, both individual and collective, and which expresses a personal identification, a family tie, a community link or a socially recognized status or personal worth. Externalisation, in narrative family therapy, is a process to “get out” from the person any element or quality that is transformed in some with entity (White, 1991; White y Epston, 1993). In psychotherapy, externalising is the use of language to convert problems that affect the person or family on to an independent entity. This transformation allows people to fight against them or to view them from a new perspective. Externalisation technique through the metaphoric use of tales as external representation of family entity and individual’s worth inside the family system is applied in children adoption cases. The objective here is not to fight against the external representation of the family. We use tales inside the symbolic techniques that permits families to work together with meanings, individualism and cohesion within their members, and after adoption. We present a therapeutic protocol that combined EMDR and narrative family therapy externalisation techniques. We expose in a format of clinical case report the therapeutic work with a family that have adopted a child who suffer of a simple phobia. Using the protocol we describe above we carried out an analysis of the therapeutic issues and benefices of EMDR and narrative therapy in these family processes. This protocol has been useful to manage the phobia symptoms and to improve the adoptive family identity and cohesion. The combined approach we describe could help adoptive families to understand and to interpret the meanings from the construction that family systems make of their own world and relieve psychological symptoms that children could present.
Keywords: Adoption Intervention Protocol Narrative Family Therapy Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
197. Forgash, C. (2007, September). The negative impact of complex PTSD on health: an EMDR/ego state treatment plan. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR and Ego State integrated treatment provides a clinical model for dealing with health problems in complex trauma survivors. Health problems are made more complex by the presence of dissociative disorders and PTSD symptoms in adult survivors. This presentation will focus on the treatment of these disorders. EMDR and Ego State techniques will be utilized to help the CTS patient: a) manage triggers and avoid re-traumatization, hyperarousal and numbing; desensitize and reprocess traumatic events; b) become assertive health consumers and deal with medical/dental procedures and tests; c) learn skills such as rehearsal, identifying problems, planning visits, etc.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Ego State Therapy Integrated Treatment Phased Treatment Plan
Accuracy Verified: Yes
198. Chowdhury, E. H. (2007, August). Negotiating state and NGO politics in Bangladesh: Women mobilize against acid violence. Violence Against Women, 13(8), 857-873. doi:10.1177/1077801207302046.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This note showcases the story of Nurun Nahar, a survivor of acid violence in
Bangladesh, to demonstrate that, despite protective measures, state, medical, and legal
institutions continually fail to adequately respond to violence against women systematically
and deny women rights to state protection, which are affirmatively embodied
in law. The failure of state institutions to ensure appropriate care has been somewhat
mitigated by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), particularly women’s groups,
which are albeit heavily constrained because of the volume of demand yet scarcity of
expertise, infrastructure, and funds. In addition, this note offers some thoughts on how
nonstate actors, namely, women’s NGOs, have created alternative strategies and visions
for victimized women’s recovery and empowerment.
Keywords: Acid Violence Bangladesh Naripokkho Women’s Activism
Accuracy Verified: Yes
199. Gene-Cos, N. (2010, April). New ways of working with complex PTSD and head injury. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
I will begin by outlining the appropriate assessment procedures for complex cases, including bio-psychosocial factors within a multidisciplinary approach. This will be followed by the presentation of two clinical cases, the first of which is one of severe head injury (with severe language impediment) and severe PTSD. In this case I will describe the use of Sensorimotor Therapy and a modified EMDR protocol. The second case is of severe developmental trauma with forensic and substance misuse background, where the treatment used is Lifespan Integration. In both cases I will give a full picture of methods and of outcomes, including videos of the treatment. I will seek to offer delegates a hands-on understanding both of the assessment issues and of the therapies.
Learning Outcomes Learning how to assess complex PTSD cases within a multidisciplinary framework. Dealing with patients whose clinical presentation falls outside the remit of NICE PTSD guidelines. Delegates will be introduced to new therapeutic approaches including Sensorimotor Therapy, Lifespan Integration, and a modified protocol for EMDR with the above clinical cases.
Keywords: Head Injury Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
200. Krystal, S. (2003). A nondual approach to EMDR: Psychotherapy as satsang. In J. J. Prendergast, P. Fenner, & S. Krystal (Eds.), The sacred mirror: Nondual wisdom and psychotherapy, (1st ed.) (pp. 116-137). St. Paul, MN: Paragon House Publishers.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Tibetan Buddhist Dzogchen, Hindu Advaita, Taoism, Kabbalism, and mystical Christianity all suggest that the fulfillment of human potential and the liberation from suffering happen when attention rests peacefully in its source, prior to thought. These traditional spiritual disciplines inform a nondual approach to psychotherapy that views form as a natural and temporary expression of a unified, omnipresent, nonlocatable, and pregnant emptiness. In time all forms--everything and everyone--dissolve back into this emptiness which is present now. Once clients begin to appreciate that they are actually not their distracting thoughts, emotions, or bodily sensations, but rather a dispassionate, observing Presence, a process of disidentification begins and peace of mind unfolds naturally. Clients learn that they have within a natural predisposition toward health and wholeness. Freedom from psychological suffering is often immediately available when clients know how to look or how to just be. Clients learn that simply being fully present now in a timeless moment of silence can reveal what is already and always free. This philosophy informs the EMDR therapeutic approach. This chapter explains the EMDR model, illustrating its use with a case study. EMDR is an integrative psychotherapeutic appproach first discovered and developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro (2001) in 1987, which is guided by an information processing model that has numerous protocols and procedures including the administration of bilateral stimulation to the client. The procedure was originally used to treat trauma, but it has now developed into a comprehensive approach used widely to ameliorate a variety of psychological symptoms and disorders including anxiety and depression, phobia, addiction and substance abuse, among others. In fact, EMDR is now used to target experiential contributors of all clinical complaints. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Being Fully Present Now Clinical Case Study Cognitive Processes Emptiness Information Processing Model Integrative Psychotherapeutic Approach Models Nondual Approach Psychotherapeutic Processes Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
201. Thomson, S. S. (1995). On circumcision, other childhood medical procedures and EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(2), 8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
I was using eye movements with a 47-year-
old client, Jay (pseudonym), focusing on an unnecessary tonsillectomy when he was about 9 years old. These operations were done on both his older brother and himself-just because this was what was done in those days. He described seeing his
brother being wheeled, semi-conscious, out of the operating room with blood coming out of his mouth. He thought to himself, "Well, he's not dead . . . (is he?)." He was then dragged kicking and screaming to the operating
room. His parents did not visit
him for the 3 days he he had been promised some. As we was in the hospital. He got no ice cream, though were finishing the EMDR processing
of this set of incidents, I asked him if he had been circumcised. (I had been meaning to ask about this since he was
intensively processing a list of traumas in a short period of time before leaving the state for a new job. I chose this moment "out of the clear blue sky.") He said, "Well, it's funny you ask this because for the last ten minutes I have been feeling a sharp pain all around. . . there" (the head of his penis). As he moved his eyes, focusing on the sharp pain, it got increasingly dull until it went away. (Incidentally, processing this pain may have elicited, or made him feel safe enough to realize, another related fact-his attitude toward his body.)
Keywords: Children Circumsion Medical Procedures
Accuracy Verified: Yes
202. Shapiro, F. (2009). On science, orthodoxy, EMDR, and the AIP, H. Lipke, invited response. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 110-111. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.109.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Thank you for the invitation to respond to Dr. Lipke’s
letter. I will confine myself to statements regarding
the adaptive information processing (AIP) model and
my text. However, I would like to begin by stating
that I applaud the free exchange of ideas regarding the
model. I formulated the principles in 1990 because the
effects I was observing with “EMD” could not be explained
by my original behavioral orientation. These
AIP principles were pivotal in the development of the
current procedures and protocols of eye movement
desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), moving it
from a technique to a psychotherapy approach, offering
a comprehensive view of the clinical picture and
successful treatment applications. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Letter Orthodoxy Science
Accuracy Verified: Yes
203. Taylor, S. (2003, Summer). Outcome predictors for three PTSD treatments: Exposure therapy, EMDR, and relaxation training. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17(2), 149-162. doi:10.1891/jcop.17.2.149.57432.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Several psychosocial treatments appear to be effective in treating PTSD. However, little is known about the predictors of treatment outcome. It is possible that some variables predict poor outcome for some treatments but not for other treatments. To investigate this issue, outcome predictors were investigated for three 8-session treatments: exposure therapy (entailing prolonged imaginal and in vivo exposure), relaxation training, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). 60 people with PTSD entered and 45 completed treatment. Treatments did not differ in attrition or perceived credibility. Exposure tended to be most effective, and EMDR and relaxation did not differ in efficacy. A number of clinical and cognitive variables were examined to identify predictors of treatment dropouts as well as predictors of the likelihood that patients would be remitted from PTSD after treatment. These analyses were conducted by controlling for treatment condition. Low patient ratings of treatment credibility (assessed in session 2) predicted treatment dropout, regardless of treatment type. Severe reexperiencing symptoms (assessed prior to treatment) predicted poor outcome for relaxation training but not for the other therapies. These findings suggest that treatment outcome could be improved by improving treatment credibility. The findings also support the use of exposure therapy and, to a lesser extent, the use of EMDR in treating PTSD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Brief Psychotherapy Disability Evaluation Empirical Study Exposure Therapy Follow-up Study Insurance Legal Processes Manual-Based Treatments Quantitative Study Relaxation Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Reexperiencing RCT Social Security Stressors Survivors Treatment Dropouts Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
204. Hekmat, H., Groth, S., & Rogers, D. (1994, June). Pain ameliorating effect of eye movement desensitization. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(2), 121-129. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90004-3.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Explored the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) without music vs eye movement desensitization with music (EMDM) in the management of acute pain induced by hand exposures to ice water. 30 Ss were randomly assigned to EMDR, EMDM, or control. The EMDR Ss focused on negative experiences associated with exposure to ice water, generated positive self-talk, and diverted their attention away from pain by focusing on a rapidly moving light on a monitor. The EMDM group received eye movement desensitization coupled with preferred music. Measures of hypnotic susceptibility, mood states, pain, and treatment credibility were obtained. Repeated measures univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. Both procedures alleviated participants' pain to a similar degree and significantly more than the control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Acute Pain College Students Empirical Study Pain Music
Accuracy Verified: Yes
205. Morini, P. L., & Romanini, M. L. (2001). Pedophilia: An integrated treatment in a prison setting. Tigis.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This report describes the results of a long term (3 years) treatment program that used two different treatment modalities: group therapy and EMDR treatment, on pedophile prisoners incarcerated in a prison setting.
Our report will include a discussion on the relationship of the Italian legal system to the pedophile offender, the current thinking of the psychiatric community to pedophilia and a detailed report of one case study.
In this case study we describe the nature of the crime, the evolution of the offender’s pathology and cognitive reprocessing procedure that was achieved through psychodynamic and cognitive interventions.
To overcome any difficulties that a prison setting imposes on the treatment process we have thought to make this treatment option entirely voluntary, with the subject beeing offered not other‚ incentive‚ than a free choice to have the opportunity to ‚looking into himself‘.
In this report we will also summarize the findings of similar treatment modalities on four other sexual offender inmates who have been released from prison only two years ago compaired to the four years of follow up in the case study; each of these four subjects appears to be doing well in living a fully integrated life outside of prison.
It is ous view that the results of this study suggest that an integrated therapeutic approach, in a prison setting, can make a valuable contribution to the solution of some of the problems connected with sexual deviance.
Keywords: Pedophilia Prison Setting
Accuracy Verified: No
206. Romanini, M., & Morini, P. (2004, June). Pedophilia: An integrated treatment in a prison setting. In EMDR, biology and the body (P. Lieberman, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This report describes the results of a long term (three years) treatment program that used two different treatment modalities: group therapy and EMDR treatment, on pedophile prisoners incarcerated in a prison setting.
Our report will include a discussion on the relationship of the Italian legal system to the pedophile offender, the current thinking of the psychiatric community to the pedophilia, and a detailed report of one case study.
In this case study, we describe the nature of the crime, the evolution of the offender’s pathology, and the cognitive reprocessing procedure that was achieved through psychodynamic and cognitive interventions and EMDR treatment.
To overcome any difficulties that a prison setting imposes on the treatment process, we have sought to make this treatment option entirely voluntary nature with the subject being offered no other “’incentive’ than a free choice to have the opportunity to “looking into himself.’
In this report, we will also summarize the findings of similar treatment modalities on four other sexual offender inmates who have been released from prison but have a shorter follow up period. Each of these four subjects has now completed their prison sentence and appears to be doing well in living a fully integrated life outside of prison.
It is our view that the results of this study suggest that an integrated therapeutic approach, in a prison setting, can make a valuable contribution to the solution of some of the problems connected to sexual deviance.
Keywords: Pedophilia Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
207. Calero, M., Cutinella, L., Duarte, G., Frontini, M. D., Garcia, S. Garcia, V., F., & Yoo, I. (2012). Policinca para el tratamiento del trauma [Policinca for the treatment of trauma]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicotraumatología y Disociación, 4(1).
Language: Spanish
Format: Other
Abstract:
La falta de alternativas de tratamiento para pacientes graves y el reconocimiento de situaciones traumáticas como factores etiológicos o coadyuvantes de sus patologías, ha generado la necesidad de nuevas respuestas terapéuticas para esta población.
Se instrumentó una Policlínica para el tratamiento del Trauma con el Modelo EMDR en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Vilardebó de Uruguay que da atención tanto a pacientes internados con patologías psiquiátricas severas como a pacientes ambulatorios con TEPT.
Los pacientes atendidos son del sector público, de bajos recursos, algunos de los cuales presentan también causas judiciales por cometer hechos delictivos asociados a Trastornos Disociativos.
Se presenta esta experiencia, la forma en que se instrumenta, el equipo que la forma, y la necesidad que se repliquen instancias similares en otros sectores de atención.
The lack of alternative for treatment with grave patients and the acknowledgment of traumatic situations as etiological or aggravating factors in their pathologies has generated the need for therapeutic responses to this population. This Poli-Clinic was trained in trauma treatment using EMDR in this Hospital that gives attention to residential patients with severe psychiatric pathologies as well as outpatients with PTSD. The patients were from the public sector, low income, some of whom presented with legal situations due to crimes committed associated to Dissociative Disorders. The experiment will be presented, how the training was administered, the instruments used and the need for replication of results in other sectors of attention.
Keywords: Police Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
208. Calero, M. (2010, Octubre/Noviembre). Policlinica para el tratamiento del trauma con modelo EMDR en pacientes graves en el Hospital Psiquátrico Vilardebó de Montevideo, Uruguay [Poli-clinical treatment for trauma with EMDR in severe patients in a psychiatric hospital (Vilardebo) in Montevideu, Uruguay]. Presentada en el II Congreso Iberoamericano de EMDR y Psicotrauma, Quito, Ecuador.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
La falta de alternativas de tratamiento con pacientes graves y el reconocimiento de situaciones traumáticas como factores etiológicos o coadyuvantes de sus patologías, ha generado la necesidad de respuestas terapéuticas para esta población.Se instrumentó una Policlínica para el tratamiento del Trauma con el Modelo EMDR en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Vilardebó de Uruguay que da atención tanto a pacientes internados con patologías psiquiátricas severas como a pacientes ambulatorios con TEPT. Los pacientes atendidos son del sector público, de bajos recursos, algunos de los cuales presentan también causas judiciales por cometer hechos delictivos asociados a Trastornos Disociativos.Se presentará esta experiencia, la forma en que se instrumenta, el equipo que la forma, y la necesidad que se repliquen instancias similares en otros sectores de atención.
The lack of alternative for treatment with grave patients and the acknowledgment of traumatic situations as etiological or aggravating factors in their pathologies has generated the need for therapeutic responses to this population. This Poli-Clinic was trained in trauma treatment using EMDR in this Hospital that gives attention to residential patients with severe psychiatric pathologies as well as outpatients with PTSD. The patients were from the public sector, low income, some of whom presented with legal situations due to crimes committed associated to Dissociative Disorders.
The experiment will be presented, how the training was administered, the instruments used and the need for replication of results in other sectors of attention.
Keywords: Hospital Trauma Montevideu, Uruguay
Accuracy Verified: Yes
209. Phillips, M. (2001, January-April). Potential contributions of hypnosis to ego-strengthening procedures in EMDR. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(3-4), 247-262. doi:10.1080/00029157.2001.10404280.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper explores how hypnotic principles can be systematically incorporated into the standard EMDR protocol to enhance various ego strength capacities during EMDR treatment. Expanding these skill areas can widen the therapeutic window of possibility for clients with a variety of complex clinical issues, including posttraumatic, dissociative or personality disorders, anxiety symptoms, and depressive difficulties. Clinical case examples are used to illustrate ways of integrating hypnotic principles within a proposed EMDR protocol to promote ego strengthening and facilitate therapeutic change. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Hypnotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Review Treatment Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
210. Barbery, S. (2007, Juin). Pourquoi l'EMDR doit changer de nom [Why EMDR must change its name]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
"Depuis ce temps, les thérapeutes EMDR ont découvert que les différents types de stimulation double attention, comme les robinets à main et les tons sont susceptibles d'avoir les mêmes effets. En face, il ya une bonne possibilité que le dénominateur commun est le principal élément d'attention plutôt que le mouvement des muscles en particulier. Par conséquent, la désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires nom et le traitement est regrettable à bien des égards. Le mouvement des yeux terme est trop restrictive, et la même chose peut être dit pour la désensibilisation terme "(Francine Shapiro, 2002, EMDR comme une psychothérapie intégrative approche, APA, p. 28).
Je vais commencer par cette citation de poser la question cruciale: quel est vraiment le «plus petit dénominateur commun primaires" de l'EMDR?
Certainement pas les yeux car on utiliser plusieurs types de double attention! Et pourtant, la quasi-totalité de la communication externe sur l'EMDR accent uniquement sur les mouvements oculaires.
Il est la stimulation de rechange? La question reste ouverte, mais des preuves solides d'infirmer cette hypothèse.
Si la spécificité de l'EMDR ne réside ni dans les yeux, ni dans la stimulation de remplacement, at-il seulement existé? Je vais défendre mon intervention à l'idée que cette spécificité existe et repose sur la ruse de l'Assemblée des charges et des procédures d'autres techniques.
De ce point de vue, pourquoi continuer, autrement que pour des raisons marketing ou tribale, d'appeler EMDR une technique qui n'a rien à voir avec les mots censés qu'il symbolise, pour le représenter? N'est-ce pas induire en erreur et révélatrice d'une position de faiblesse pour continuer à appeler "smurf" quelque chose dont on sait qu'elle n'a rien à voir avec "Schtroumpf?" Ne l'exigence éthique de probité et de la science implique de renommer le protocole ? Le public aurait tort de là, bien au contraire. Si le nom ne doit pas être changé, l'EMDR peut avoir le même avenir que le magnétisme dans le 19ème siècle et peut être relégué dans le secteur de la parapsychologie. Il serait vraiment triste.
“Since that time, EMDR therapists have discovered that various types of dual attention stimulation, such as hand taps and tones are capable of having the same effects. In face, there is a good possibility that the primary common denominator is the attentional element rather than the particular muscle movement. Therefore, the name eye movement desensitization and processing is unfortunate in many ways. The term eye movement is unduly limiting, and the same can be said for the term desensitization” (Francine Shapiro, 2002, EMDR as an Integrative Psychotherapy Approach, APA, p. 28).
I will start from this quotation to ask the crucial question: What is really the “primary common denominator” of EMDR?
Certainly not the eyes since one use several types of dual attention! And yet almost all the external communication on the EMDR emphasis only on the eye movements.
It is alternate stimulation? The question remains open but strong evidence invalidate this assumption.
If the specificity of the EMDR lies neither in the eyes nor in alternate stimulation, does it only exist? I will defend in my intervention the idea that this specificity exists and rests on the cunning assembly of loads and procedures from other techniques.
From this point of view, why continue, otherwise than for marketing or tribal reasons, to call EMDR a technique which has nothing to do with the words supposed to symbolize it, to represent it? Isn’t this misleading and revealing a position of weakness to continue to call “smurf” something which one knows that it does not have anything to do with “smurf?” Doesn’t the ethical requirement of probity and science imply to rename the protocol? The public would be mistaken there, quite to the contrary. If the name is not to be changed, EMDR may have the same future as magnetism in the 19th century and may be relegated to the sector of the parapsychology. It would really be sad.
Keywords: Strategy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
211. Devilly, G. J. (2005, June). Power therapies and possible threats to the science of psychology and psychiatry. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39(6), 437-445. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01601.x .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: Advocates of new therapies frequently make bold claims regarding therapeutic effectiveness, particularly in response to disorders which have been traditionally treatment-refractory. This paper reviews a collection of new therapies collectively self-termed "The Power Therapies", outlining their proposed procedures and the evidence for and against their use. These therapies are then put to the test for pseudoscientific practice. Method: Therapies were included which self-describe themselves as "Power Therapies". Published work searches were conducted on each therapy using Medline and PsychInfo databases for randomized controlled trials assessing their efficacy, except for the case of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing has more randomized controlled studies conducted on its efficacy than any other treatment for trauma and thus, previous meta-analyses were evaluated. Results and conclusions: It is concluded that these new therapies have offered no new scientifically valid theories of action, show only non-specific efficacy, show no evidence that they offer substantive improvements to extant psychiatric care, yet display many characteristics consistent with pseudoscience. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Commentary Energy Psychotherapy Literature Review Neurolinguistic Programming NLP Psychotherapeutic Processes TFT: Thought Field Therapy TIR: Traumatic Incident Reduction Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
212. Stevens, P. (2000, July). Practicing within our competence: New techniques create new dilemmas. Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 8(3), 278-280.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article focuses on the ethical and legal aspects of family therapy students' use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with clients. Furthermore, the article discusses the ethical necessity for clinicians and supervisors to practice within the limits of their competency. EMDR is a particularly excellent example because of the unknown mechanisms at work to create change in clients. Therefore, there is no common language or knowledge base that supports the use and supervision of EMDR in the same way that practicing or supervising a variety of "traditional talk" counseling techniques might be appropriate without specialized training. The majority of supervisors of students and practicing clinicians were trained in variety of theoretical orientations. The training experience is most certainly one in which the training facility and the supervisors want to encourage learning new and helpful techniques for facilitating change with the clients. It is incumbent on the facility to require the appropriate level of training and experience before students venture into new techniques.; (AN 3350110)(Ebsco)
Keywords: Legal Processes Professional Ethics Professional Specialization Professional Supervision Psychotherapeutic Techniques Therapist Trainees
Accuracy Verified: Yes
213. Ehntholt, K. A., & Yule, W. (2006, December). Practitioner review: Assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war-related trauma. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 47(12), 1197-1210. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01638.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Increasingly clinicians are being asked to assess and treat young refugees, who have experienced traumatic events due to war and organised violence. However, evidence-based guidance remains scarce. Mthod: Published studies on the mental health difficulties of refugee children and adolescents, associated risk and protective factors, as well as effective interventions, particularly those designed to reduce war-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, were identified and reviewed. The findings are summarised. Results: Young refugees are frequently subjected to multiple traumatic events and severe losses, as well as ongoing stressors within the host country. Although young refugees are often resilient, many experience mental health difficulties, including PTSD, depression, anxiety and grief. An awareness of relevant risk and protective factors is important. A phased model of intervention is often useful and the need for a holistic approach crucial. Promising treatments for alleviating symptoms of war-related PTSD include cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT), testimonial psychotherapy, narrative exposure therapy (NET) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Knowledge of the particular needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC), working with interpreters, cross-cultural differences, medico-legal report writing and the importance of clinician self-care is also necessary. Conclusion: More research is required in order to expand our limited knowledge base.
Keywords: CBT Children Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Literature Review Narrative Exposure Therapy NET Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD War Refugees
Accuracy Verified: Yes
214. Funabiki, D. (1993, Winter). Preparation for cardiac catheterization. EMDR Network Newsletter, 3(3), 8-10.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
This article describes a treatment protocol that I used to prepare a client for a stressful medical treatment. The case study will illustrate how experiences with stressful medical interventions can be viewed as psychological traumas.
Keywords: Cardiac Catheterization Medical Procedures Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
215. Chasse, B. L., & Miller, J. (2013, May). Preventing PTSD through early EMDR intervention. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop was developed to provide training in Early EMDR Intervention (EEI) for EMDR clinicians to learn
preemptive forms of EMDR to be used to prevent PTSD. The science behind early psychological intervention after
a trauma/disaster and justification for modifying treatment procedures to address the recent traumatic events
will be discussed. Also, included will be a review of the existing EEI Protocols, appropriate timelines in which to
utilize these protocols, quick assessments of appropriateness for EMDR trauma processing, rapid resourcing, and
development of a target sequencing plan/case conceptualization that is appropriate for Early EMDR intervention.
Learning Objectives:
• Define and use key concepts regarding the neurobiology of trauma and how early intervention can reduce the
chances of developing debilitating symptoms and disorders
• Enumerate and describe at least six Early EMDR intervention/protocols and learn the history, appropriate
usage and research on these Early EMDR Interventions (EEI)
• Apply strategies to expedite the history-gathering process, assess client readiness, conceptualize a case and
develop a clinical treatment plan as well as strategies for adequate preparation for processing
• Learn and practice several rapid resourcing, grounding and stabilizing techniques for use before, during and
after Brief Trauma Processing
• Learn/review and practice the Recent Event Protocol (Shapiro 2001)
Keywords: Brief Trauma Processing Early EMDR Interventions Recent Event Protocol Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
216. Leeds, A. M. (2001, December). Principals and procedures for enhancing current functioning in complex posttraumatic stress disorder with EMDR resource development and installation. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(Special Edition), 4-11 .
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
When developing a treatment plan, clinicians need to be able to recognize not only the specific effects of trauma but to consider symptoms reflecting limited capacities for emotional self regulation. Such problems are often found when client histories included significant childhood neglect or other disruptions of each childhood attachment (Damasio, 1999; Schore, 2000; Sigel, 1999). Clients with a history of secure attachment appear to be more vulnerable to PTSD (Alexander, et al., 1998; Muller, Sicoli, & Kemieux, 2000) and initially need to be addressed with procedures different from those for trauma specific symptoms. Therefore in the consensus model of posttraumatic treatment (Browm Scheflin, & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999) clinicians are urged to focus on clients’ personal safety, stabilization, and the development of client capacities for tolerating and modulating strong affect in the early phases of treatment.
Keywords: DESNOS RDI Resource Development and Installation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stabalization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
217. Lehrer, P. M., Woolfolk, R. L., & Sime, W. E. (2007). Principles and practice of stress management. (3rd. ed.) New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Recent years have seen significant advances in understanding psychosocial stress and its clinical management. Now in a thoroughly revised and expanded third edition, this comprehensive work reviews effective stress management techniques and their applications for treating psychological problems and enhancing physical health and performance. Bringing together recognized leaders in the field to present their respective approaches and demonstrate the nuts and bolts of intervention, the volume is structured for optimal use as a clinical reference and text. All chapters retained from the prior edition have been extensively rewritten, and many new chapters have been added. Part I examines conceptual foundations and describes basic mechanisms of stress and relaxation. Part II, the largest section, covers the full range of methods, including progressive relaxation, hypnosis, biofeedback, meditation, cognitive methods, and other therapies. Each tightly edited chapter: (1) Details the method's history, theoretical underpinnings, and evidence base; (2) Spells out assessment procedures and techniques; (3) Provides step-by-step implementation guidelines; (4) Considers common treatment obstacles and how to overcome them; (5) Discusses strategies for increasing patient motivation and adherence; and (6) Illustrates the method with an in-depth case example. New to the third edition are chapters on mindfulness meditation, neurofeedback, EMDR, breathing retraining, heart rate variability biofeedback, exercise therapy, and Qigong. Finally, Part III explores applications in mental health, behavioral medicine, and sport psychophysiology (another new topic in this edition), shedding light on which approaches are most suitable for particular problems. The concluding chapter reviews the clinical research literature and offers clear recommendations for improving outcomes. This timely, authoritative book is an indispensable resource for clinical and health psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, nurses, and other professionals interested in learning and using stress management techniques. It will serve as a text in graduate-level courses in stress management, behavioral medicine, social work in health care, and related areas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Stress Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
218. Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Seijo, N. (2010, April). Processing dissociative phobias with EMDR. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The standard EMDR protocol (SP) was designed for the treatment of simple PTSD, and when it´s used on this cases, EMDR is a very powerful therapy. But when SP is applied on complex trauma and dissociative disorders 20% of patients may become de-compensated. The importance of the stabilization phase has been remarked by different authors. The existent proposals are to use interventions coming from different approaches sometimes enhanced with bilateral stimulation. Standard procedures used for simple PTSD must be adapted and modified for working with dissociative disorders. To do this is important to understand from recent research work what we know about the effects of EMDR therapy. We will try to dynamically integrate these features with conceptualizations coming from the EMDR Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP) and the Theory of the Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP) TSDP emphasizes the importance of working with dissociative phobias prior to trauma work. In the stabilization phase the work on the phobia of dissociative parts and of attachment (and the attachment with the therapist) is the most important one. We will show with clinic cases the effect of this intervention on improving internal communication and collaboration and overcoming therapist-patient relationship problems.
Learning Outcomes For those who are not EMDR therapists this workshop will help to understand how EMDR conceptualizes the work in structural dissociation from the Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP). For people who are not expertise on Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP) a brief description of dissociative phobias and their importance in the work with dissociative disorders will be put forward. The assistants will watch videos of therapies with different patients, in which EMDR is applied using dissociative phobias as targets. Differences with ego states therapy without introducing bilateral stimulation and with standard EMDR protocol will be observable in the case-examples and will be explained in detail. This work represents a different way of using EMDR to stabilize the patient and prepare her/him for future traumatic memory processing.
Keywords: Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
219. Schnyder, U. (2005). Psychotherapies pour les PTSD – Une vue d’ensemble [Psychotherapies for PTSD – An overview]. Psychotherapies, 25(1), 39-52. doi:10.3917/psys.051.0039.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Depuis le diagnostic du syndrome de stress post-traumatique (SSPT) a été introduit dans le DSM-III en 1980, une variété d'approches psychothérapeutiques ont été développées pour résoudre les problèmes et besoins spécifiques des patients traumatisés. Le succès du traitement du SSPT a besoin d'un bien pensée sur l'attitude thérapeutique. Le thérapeute doit trouver une position équilibrée entre les sur-identification et de se détourner de l'impuissance. Une attitude la recherche de sensations doivent être évités de même que le risque de traumatisme du fait d'autrui. Dans de nombreux cas, le SSPT peut pas être traité suffisamment par la psychothérapie seule: un plan complet de traitement multi-modal peut comprendre pharmacothérapeutique, les interventions physiques, sociaux, juridiques et autres. Les premières interventions psychothérapeutiques au lendemain d'un événement traumatique suivre les règles d'intervention de crise (immédiateté, l'accent sur les problèmes actuels de limitation de temps). Une attention particulière devrait être accordée aux questions de développement d'une relation de confiance thérapeutique, en créant une atmosphère de sécurité, aider le patient à reprendre le contrôle de et / ou se distancier de souvenirs intrusifs. traitements de désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement (EMDR) et d'autres «pouvoir» peut offrir un soulagement rapide des symptômes. Après un traumatisme collectif, des débriefings psychologiques sont largement utilisés, bien que la preuve de leur utilité dans la prévention de l'ESPT est discutable. Chez les patients porteurs chroniques du SSPT, le psychothérapeute ne devrait pas travailler exclusivement sur l'événement traumatique et ses séquelles: le traitement doit être orientée vers l'avenir plutôt que par le passé. Au lieu de l'exploration, le thérapeute devrait essayer d'activer les ressources des patients et les aider à trouver un nouveau sens à leur vie future. Il ya un besoin urgent d'soigneusement conçus, randomisés, études d'intervention contrôlée sur l'efficacité de l'intervention précoce chez les patients gravement traumatisés et la mi-aux psychothérapies à long terme chez les patients souffrant de PTSD chronique. En outre, les études futures devraient inclure les approches psychodynamiques, ainsi que des protocoles de traitement multimodal, et d'élaborer des critères d'évaluation cliniques plus sophistiqués. (Base de données PsycINFO Record (c) 2008 APA, tous droits réservés)
Since the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was introduced in DSM-III in 1980, a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches have been developed to address the specific problems and needs of traumatised patients. Successful treatment of PTSD requires a well thought-out therapeutic attitude. The therapist must find a well-balanced position between over-identification and turning away out of helplessness. A sensation-seeking attitude should be avoided as should the danger of vicarious traumatisation. In many instances, PTSD cannot be treated sufficiently by psychotherapy alone: a comprehensive, multi-modal treatment plan may include pharmacotherapeutic, physical, social, legal, and other interventions. Early psychotherapeutic interventions in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event follow the rules of crisis intervention (immediacy, focus on the current problems, time limitation). Special attention should be paid to the issues of developing a trusting therapeutic relationship, creating an atmosphere of safety, helping the patient to regain control over and/or distance himself from intrusive recollections. Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and other "power therapies" can offer quick relief from symptoms. After collective traumatization, psychological debriefings are widely used, although the evidence for their usefulness in preventing PTSD is questionable. In patients with chronic PTSD, the psychotherapist should not work exclusively on the traumatic event and its sequelae: treatment should be oriented towards the future rather than the past. Instead of exploring, the therapist should try to activate the patients' resources and help them to find new meaning in their future life. There is an urgent need for carefully designed, randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effectiveness of early interventions in acutely traumatized patients and of mid- to long-term psychotherapies in patients suffering from chronic PTSD. Furthermore, future studies should include psychodynamic approaches as well as multimodal treatment protocols, and elaborate more sophisticated clinical endpoints. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Crisis Intervention Interdisciplinary Treatment Approach Multimodal Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Power Therapies Psychotherapy PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
220. St-André, E. (2007, June). PTSD secondary to Fournier's grangrene: 1-Comparison of two eye modalities, 2-Legal and ethical issues. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
G. G., a man in his mid 30s was brought to medico-legal service to assess fitness to stand trial, and criminal responsibility, after a brief appearance in court: He was charged with death threats.
G. G. was quite angry about his situation, and argumentative against health and justice systems. Physically, he was short stature, extremely lean, his body was leaning forward.
He was living alone, has a girl of thirteen, which he saw once in a while.
He was not working for few years, after two major events; he lost his garage after a huge fire (from which he escaped alive and safe), and was few months earlier, found almost dead by a neighbor. Brought to the hospital, he had more than ten surgeries in a few days, to lance many wound, as he as suffering of Fournier’s disease. He was left with his body leaning forward about 45 degrees, 4 cm thick scar around his abdomen, a severely deformed genitalia, and chronic pain. Another surgery was performed later which permitted the man to be less leaned forward.
Before those events, he wasn’t known from psychiatry. He had a life that he considered, “okay,” even though he was separated. He has his own garage, a social life. He admitted some alcohol and drugs use in the past. After the illness and the fire, he was seen more often in psychiatry. Specialists concluded from time to time to chronic adjustment disorder, and drug addiction, and oriented him to resources for his problem. No follow-up in psychiatry.
G. G. was so much in pain that he took cocaine repeatedly for few minutes’ relief.
With this story and symptoms description, severe PTSD diagnosis was made and treatment initiated accordingly, with introduction of ISRS, and later, seroquel, to decrease dissociative episode he was still experimenting. With informed consent, we had three sessions of EMI, which helped him in various ways; The nightmares decreased of 50%, after the first treatment, he was less angry and afraid of hospital and care, and was more in control of dissociative episodes. Sleep improved, so did his mood. He was eve able to go for correction of his deformed genitalia. Even though still on medication, he felt that the therapy helped him much to recover. After his discharge and end of court process, he was able to go back home. We were at the time unable to do more treatments, as he was involved in his physical rehabilitation. He had at least 2 other reconstructive surgeries.
This case allows discussion about similarities, pros and cons of EMI and EMDR, in their theories and practice. More importantly, this case raises important ethical and legal questions about adequate diagnosis and treatment of PTSF which include powerful tools as EMDR. This tool is yet relatively unknown from general population, and available mainly (in Quebec, Canada) through private facilities. From ethical standpoint, it should be more readily available – without fees – in public services.
Keywords: Case Report Ethical Issues Fournier's Gangrene Legal Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
221. Arditi, I. (2009, May). Rafael de Morra: Performance anxiety due to inferiority and cultural difference in "The Bewitched". York University, Toronto, Canada. AAT MR51500.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This thesis is about my primary artistic challenge and how it was addressed in my thesis role, the character Rafael De Morra (the court jester to Carlos II the King of Spain) in the play The Bewitched by Peter Barnes. My artistic challenge was to overcome the performance anxiety and the fear of humiliation that had surfaced during training and performance work at York University.
I chose to address my performance anxiety by incorporating internal and external approaches simultaneously. The internal approach I developed to deal with my performance anxiety was a combination of different procedures: defining and analyzing it (and the inferiority complex behind it) through personal practices of psychoanalysis and EMDR Therapy (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), examining the cultural factors that reinforce it, exploring it in other actors, observing it in my studio work, rehearsals and performance and investigating personal practice of Yoga, Feldenkrais and Craniosacral Therapy as tools to work on it.
To further prepare for my thesis role Rafael De Morra, I researched the historical period in Spain and Europe between 1600 and 1700, the years during which the play takes place and the origins and significance of court jester tradition at the time. Such research helped me to better understand my character, Rafael De Morra.
The external approach, on the other hand included confronting the anxiety by taking risks in my thesis role such as accentuating the more theatrical aspects of Rafael and creating an effective physicality for the character, both of which were difficult for me as an actor.
The internal approach and the research I've done about the time period, the playwright and the court jester tradition prepared me for my external approach: taking risks in performing my thesis role.
I can conclude that the methodology I devised to overcome my performance anxiety yielded favourable results as I didn't experience extreme versions of it in acting Rafael De Morra in the play The Bewitched by Peter Barnes. At the end of the process I also discovered some other actor challenges that I should be working on in the future.
Keywords: Cultural Differences Performance Anxiety
Accuracy Verified: Yes
222. Blore, D. C., & Holmshaw, E. M. (2006, March). The railway experience: 'Being in control' the non-disclosure of traumatic memory content and what the EMDR clinician can do. Presentation at the 4th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The very thought of not being in control of an experience is, to some
clients/employees, an incredibly difficult concept to grasp. Train drivers who, like
ship's captains and aeroplane pilots, have very specific roles and responsibilities
have undergone training which will have included specific operational, legal and
social requirements to 'be in control at all times'. Even, it would appear, when
their beliefs are shattered such as in the case of train drivers and railway
suicides. Clinically this situation presents as a wish to presewe the belief of
'being in control' by not disclosing memories. This could cause problems with
clients being labelled as non-compliant or dropping out of treatment. A technique
for using EMDR tlgt allows treatment to proceed under these circumstances is
described, the experience being gained during the treatment of 28 traumatised
train crew who wished to 'remain in control' of their traumatic memories (i.e. not
disclose traumatic experiences even to the therapist), because - as it transpired
-of emotions of shame, guilt, and embarrassment or perceptions of blame. The
second part of the presentation gives delegates a mini-practicum experience to
try the technique out for themselves under the auspices of two EMDR Consultants.
Keywords: Railway Train Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
223. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2010, June). The recent-traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP) a comprehensive approach for early EMDR intervention. Pre-conference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
As part of a comprehensive approach to Early EMDR Intervention (EEI), thls workshop, presents the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP) which is an integrative protocol that incorporates and extends existing protocols within a new conceptual framework, together with additional measures for containment and safety. The workshop will include video case illustrations. Participant will learn about the issues involved with EEI, the rationale of the developmen: of the R-TEP, 4 key conceptual procedures & their application. EMDR has demonstrated effectiveness in treating chronic PTSD and old trauma memories, yet Early EMDR Intervention (EEI) has not received much attention from EMDR researchers or clinicians. It is proposed that EEI, while trauma memories have not yet been integrated, may be used not only to treat acute distress but may also be a window of opportunity in which a brief intervention, possibly on successive days, could prevent complications& strengthen resilience. Checking for sub-clinical sticking points which can obstruct the Adaptive information Processing (AIP) and don't necessarily show up on the DSM radar, the R-TEP may reduce the sensitisation and accumulation of trauma memories.
Keywords: Early Intervention Recent Events Recent-Traumatic Episode Protocol R-TEP
Accuracy Verified: Yes
224. Mosquera, D., Gonzalez, A., & Seijo, N. (2010, April). Relational problems in severely traumatized patients. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A practical workshop focused on frequent clinical situations in therapy. Its main goal is help the participants to identify relational patterns based on reciprocal role procedures, in order to be able to overcome therapist-patient difficulties. A brief therapeutic exposure about different theoretical sources will be presented: Cognitive-Analytic Therapy, Adaptive Information Processing Model and EMDR, Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality, Attachment Theories, psychodynamic transference-countertransference conceptualizations, and therapies focused on relational issues (systemic family therapy, psychodramatic group therapy, etc) Vignettes of frequent reciprocal role procedures in therapeutic relationship with severely traumatized people will be presented, explained the different kinds of presentation. The linking of these vignettes with the traumatic history will be developed. Short video-cases will illustrate these situations and some interventions to overcome them. Modified EMDR interventions will be described and showed.
Learning Outcomes Therapeutic relationship problems are main issues in severely traumatized people. Different authors coming from different theoretical orientations have presented thoughtful approaches to these situations and how to overcome them. In this workshop we will review many of these contributions, but we will base our theoretical development on the concept of reciprocal role procedures from the Cognitive Analytic Therapy (Ryle). From this concept we will summarize frequent relationship problems in therapy, how we conceptualize them from the Adaptive Information Processing model from EMDR and how we work on these issues using EMDR methodology. An additional learning outcome of this workshop is that the participants will review their own experience with their patients through a specific evaluation, and will have the opportunity to share their experiences.
Keywords: Relationship Issues Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
225. Devilly, G. J., & Spence, S. H. (1999, January-April). The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 131-157. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00044-9.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The growing body of research into treatment efficacy with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has, by-and-large, been limited to evaluating treatment components or comparing a specific treatment against wait-list controls. (PubMed) This has led to two forms of treatment, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT), vying for supremacy without a controlled study actually comparing them. The present research compared EMDR and a CBT variant (Trauma Treatment Protocol; TTP) in the treatment of PTSD, via a controlled clinical study using therapists trained in both procedures. It was found that TTP was both statistically and clinically more effective in reducing pathology related to PTSD and that this superiority was maintained and, in fact, became more evident by 3-month follow-up. These results are discussed in terms of past research. Directions for future research are suggested (ScienceDirect).
Keywords: Adults Australians Cognitive Therapy Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Non-Randomized Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
226. Carlson, J. (2005, November). Reminder about EMDR therapy and when it cannot be used. The Victims of Crime Chronicle, 9(2), 21(1), 4.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Attention is drawn to the requirements by
Approved Counsellors to comply with Victim
Services policies, guidelines and procedures for
the Approved Counselling Scheme outlined in the
Handbook for Counsellors 2003.
Keywords: Guidelines
Accuracy Verified: Yes
227. Madrid, A., Skolek, S., & Shapiro, F. (2006, October). Repairing failures in bonding through EMDR. Clinical Case Studies, 5(4), 271-286. doi:10.1177/1534650104267403.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Maternal-infant bonding is an intense emotional tie between mother and infant that often begins during pregnancy and continues after birth. Prolonged physical separation from one's infant or traumatic interference can sometimes impede this process, leading to a lack of bonding. Whereas many medical procedures and illnesses can cause mother and child to become separated immediately after birth and affect bonding, other causes of emotional separation may be somewhat more difficult to identify. Nevertheless, maternal trauma has been identified as one such form of emotional separation that can interfere with bonding. This article illustrates the application of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for addressing bonding difficulties related to trauma issues. EMDR is an integrative psychotherapy that uses a standardized eight-phase approach to treatment and is a well-accepted treatment for trauma. Although more research is needed, this case suggests that EMDR may be an appropriate and efficient treatment for bonding difficulties. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Attachment Behavior Bonding Failures Case Report Clinical Case Study Females Integrative Psychotherapy Maternal Infant Bonding Maternal Mother Child Relations Separation Reactions Parenting Behavior Physical Separation Pregnancy Stressors Survivors Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
228. Grace, D. (1997, March 21). Repressed memory evidence in sexual cases — A legal perspective. Addres presented at a meeting of the Medico-Legal Society of Victoria at the Melbourne Club, The Proceedings of the Medico-Legal Society of Victoria, 123-139.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This paper will examine a number of recent sexual cases that have
come before the criminal courts in Australia in which the use of
recovered memory evidence has been a feature . The issues that have
arisen will be highlighted and suggestions made as to how to best test
the veracity or reliability of such evidence.
Keywords: Repressed Memory Legal Cases Evidence Court Trials
Accuracy Verified: Yes
229. Leeds, A. M. (2009). Resources in EMDR and other trauma-focused psychotherapy: A review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 152-160. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.152.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The present review examines how resources have been used in trauma-focused psychotherapy with an emphasis on their use in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Current practices of EMDR-trained clinicians are presented in a historical context and considering a range of contemporary approaches to ego strengthening. This article describes the use of resources as presented in the EMDR literature along with research findings. The review concludes with a call for controlled research on widely used resource-focused procedures and practice guidelines for their use in clinical applications of EMDR.
Keywords: Ego Strengthening RDI Resources Resource Development and Installation Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
230. Hase, M., & Hofmann, A. (2005, März). Risiken und nebenwirkungen beim einsatz der EMDR-Methode [Risks and adverse effects in treatment with EMDR]. PTT: Persönlichkeitsstörungen Theorie und Therapie, 9(1), 16-21.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement und Desensitizer Wiederaufbereitung (EMDR) ist ein etabliertes mittlerweile Ansatz in der Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTSD). EMDR Focus auf die Aufarbeitung der traumatischen Erinnerungen und anderes Trauma-Symptomen, wie zB Trigger oder derzeitigen Trauma verbundenen dysfunktionalen Verhaltens. Eine Laissez-faire Durchsetzung und dazu beitragen, "die unzureichende technische Mai Akkumulieren Unannehmlichkeit für den Patienten. Risiken und Nebenwirkungen des EMDR con Ansatz durch umfassende diagnostische Verfahren, Bewertung der Stabilitäts-Patienten, Zubereitung, Behandlung Planung und präzisen Anwendung von EMDR entgegengewirkt werden. Die Berufsorganisationen "versuchen sollte, zu dem höchsten Niveau der ethischen und professionellen Verhaltens getroffen, um das Risiko von Nebenwirkungen zu minimieren. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, alle Rechte vorbehalten).
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a meanwhile well established approach in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR focuses on the reprocessing of traumatic memories, and other trauma-related symptoms, e.g., triggers or current trauma-related dysfunctional behaviors. A laissez-faire application and insufficient technique may contribute to accumulating patient discomfort. Risks and adverse effects of the EMDR-approach con be counteracted by comprehensive diagnostic procedures, assessment of patient stability, preparation, treatment planning and precise application of EMDR. The professional organizations should try to ensure the highest level of ethical and professional conduct in order to minimise the risk of adverse effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adverse Effects Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Risk Factors Side Effects (Treatment) Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
231. Carlson, J., & Chemtob, C. (1997, Spring). The role of "resolute perception" in EMDR: Reply to Linda Waters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 34(1), 100. doi:10.1037/h0087719 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Replies to the comments by L. Waters (see record 84-36309) on the article by J. G. Carlson et al (see record 84-01737) regarding the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment (EMDR) to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Vietnam combat veterans. The authors suggest that Waters' interest in considering curative elements in psychotherapy common to a number of methods is useful because it encourages clinicians to focus on EMDR as a complex of procedures. The EMDR method of psychotherapy purports to provide a mechanism to enable and accelerate the resolution of experiences that otherwise might remain in stasis indefinitely. Waters' thoughtful letter suggests to the authors that EMDR may be reaching a level of clinical acceptance that is provoking a careful examination beyond an exclusive focus on 1 component, the eye movements, to consideration of EMDR as a sophisticated method of brief psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Combat Experience Commentary Letter Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rapid Reply Veterans Vietnam War Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
232. Tahir, K. (2010, July). Role of EMDR in the rehabilitation of acid burn survivors. Symposium (Samin Karim, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Acid Survivors Foundation came into being in year 2006, with an aim of providing; medical, psychosocial and legal aid
to the acid burn victims in order to, to stop the proliferation of acid violence. This paper will examine the role of EMDR in the
psychosocial rehabilitation of acid burn victim along with critical discussions to how EMDR was used to treat the traumatic
memories of the survivors for building up their self esteem in order to reintegrate them in mainstream of the society.
Three subjects were chosen, two females and one male in their early twenties. They had nightmares, depression and hyper
vigilance. All the eight phases of EMDR were performed with them, with very good results.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
233. Heber, R., Kellner, M., & Yehuda, R. (2002, December). Salivary cortisol levels and the cortisol response to dexamethasone before and after EMDR: A case report. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1521-1530. doi:10.1002/jclp.10102.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Trauma survivors with PTSD have been shown to have lower basal cortisol levels in the urine, plasma, and saliva than in trauma survivors without PTSD, nontraumatized mentally ill, or healthy subjects. We report on a case study in which we measured pre- and post-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment salivary cortisol levels and salivary cortisol response to 0.50 mg of dexamethasone in a 41-year-old female with chronic PTSD symptoms. Our goal was to determine whether symptom improvement following trauma-focused treatment (EMDR) is associated with changes in basal salivary cortisol or in the cortisol response to dexamethasone administration. Our findings show moderate symptom improvement, an increase in basal cortisol levels, and a more attenuated cortisol hypersuppression in response to the dexamethasone suppression test following EMDR treatment. These results suggest the potential utility of including neuroendocrine measures in the assessment of treatment outcome in PTSD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Battery Biologic Markers Brief Psychotherapy Case Report Clinical Case Study Cortisol Dexamethasone Suppression Test Empirical Study Females Legal Procedures Middle Aged Multiple Traumatic Events Neuroendocrine Neuroendocrine Testing Neuroendocrinology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
234. Herbert, J. D. (2003, July). The science and practice of empirically supported treatments. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 412-430. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003008.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Despite impressive gains over the past three decades in the development and evaluation of empirically
supported psychotherapies, such treatments are not used widely by front-line practicing
clinicians. In an attempt to address this science-practice gap, efforts have turned recently to constructing
lists of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) and disseminating information about
these treatments to professionals and the public. This effort has been met with criticism, however,
by both practitioners, on one hand, and psychotherapy researchers on the other. The current
procedures for identifying ESTs are critically reviewed, and recommendations are offered to
improve the scientific viability of the process. It is argued that lists of ESTs are viewed most productively
as one step toward the development of best practice guidelines.
Keywords: Empirically Supported Treatments, ESTs, Evidence-Based Medicine Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Dissemination
Accuracy Verified: Yes
235. Greenwald, R. (2002, June). Session checklist forms in treatment research: A tool to support supervision and treatment fidelity. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment fidelity is of primary concern in treatment research, because unless the specified
treatment is being properly implemented, the study’s findings cannot be interpreted. In addition to
the “gold standard” of videotaping sessions for later supervision and fidelity rating - which is costly
and labor-intensive - there are many procedures to support treatment fidelity, including manualizing
the treatment, providing training, and providing supervision. I have developed a “session checklist”
form as another tool in support of treatment fidelity. This form, keyed to the steps specified in the
treatment manual, prompts the therapist to implement each component of the intervention, to take
notes along the way, and to check off those steps which were completed. This form supports
treatment fidelity by reminding the therapist what to do, and by serving as an organized record of
the session, to facilitate supervision as well as fidelity rating. A sample session form is presented.
Keywords: Fidelity Poster Research Session Checklist Form Supervision
Accuracy Verified: Yes
236. Richardson, P., Williams, S. R., Hepenstall, S., Gregory, L., McKie, S., & Corrigan, F. (2009). A single-case fMRI study: EMDR treatment of a patient with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 10-23. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.10.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study assessed the effects of a session of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with auditory alternating bilateral stimulation (ABS) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of brain activations. A case study was conducted with a female participant who was suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder following a severe assault. The fMRI scan began with safe-place imagery, for purposes of comparison, and then attention to the trauma memory without ABS. After this, ABS was provided as she began using EMDR procedures to process the traumatic memory. At postsession, the traumatic memory showed robust and significant changes on self-report measures. The initiation of the EMDR protocol with provision of ABS was associated with a marked change in brain activation within the prefrontal cortex demonstrating a ventromedial shift. The authors argue that the structure of the EMDR protocol encourages such a ventromedial activation, which is then intensified by ABS to overcome the block to information processing that has been preventing natural healing from occurring spontaneously.
Keywords: fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Single Case
Accuracy Verified: Yes
237. Lohr, J., DeMaio, C., & McGlynn, F. (2003, July). Specific and nonspecific treatment factors in the experimental analysis of behavioral treatment efficacy. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 322-368. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003005.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Interest in the empirical demonstration of the clinical efficacy of psychosocial treatments has been rekindled by societal concerns over accountability and cost-effectiveness in the delivery of mental health services. Behavior therapy has had a long history of experimental research on treatment efficacy and enjoys a visible presence in contemporary mental health practice. The demonstration of behavioral treatment efficacy, however, requires experimental evidence that shows the efficacy of prescriptive structured procedures beyond nonspecific factors in delivery of such procedures. The authors provide an analysis of the nature of nonspecific treatment factors and nonspecific effects and suggest experimental procedures testing the incremental validity of specific treatments. They examine two widely promoted, prescriptive structured treatments to analyze the specificity of their clinical efficacy: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for anxiety disorders and cognitive-behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. They conclude that the treatments show different levels of efficacy and different degrees of specificity.
Keywords: Behavior Therapy Efficacy Literature Review Methodology Specific Factors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
238. Neuner, F. (2008, Juli). Stabilisierung vor konfrontation in der traumatherapie -- Grundregel oder mythos? [Stabilization before confrontation in trauma treatment -- Elementary rule or myth?]. Verhaltenstherapie, 18(2), 109-118. doi:10.1159/000134006.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Psychotherapie der PTBS ist oft in die Phasen der Stabilisierung und Konfrontation unterteilt. In der Stabilisierungsphase lernt der Patient, Strategien zur Regulierung und Kontrolle beeinflussen Symptome. Danach kann die Erinnerungen an das traumatische Ereignis offen gelegt und verarbeitet werden in der Konfrontation Phase. Deutsch Behandlungsrichtlinien und etwas Text Pfund postulieren, dass eine Phase der Stabilisierung bedingungslos vor der Konfrontation mit dem Trauma Erinnerungen erforderlich stattfinden kann. Im Gegensatz zu dieser Aussage, Evidenz aus randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien zeigt, dass die sogenannten Trauma-Ansätze konzentrieren (Varianten der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie, Exposition Therapie und EMDR) die erfolgreichsten Methoden für die Behandlung von PTBS sind. Als Konsequenz empfehlen mehreren internationalen Verbänden und Instituten diese Verfahren als Therapie der ersten Wahl. Alle Trauma-konzentrierte Ansätze umfassen irgendeine Art von Konfrontation mit nur rudimentären Stabilisierung oder ohne Stabilisierung bei allen. Darüber hinaus gibt es keine Hinweise, dass die Exposition Verfahren gefährlicher als Stabilisierung oder dass sie weniger gut toleriert und akzeptiert werden. Ebenso gibt es keinen Beweis, dass die Stabilisierung ist notwendig für Patienten mit komplexen Trauma-bedingten Erkrankungen wie bei erwachsenen Patienten mit einer Vorgeschichte von sexuellem Missbrauch. Entgegen der gängigen Lehre, eine Phase der Stabilisierung ist nicht notwendig, Trauma Behandlung und die Möglichkeit der negativen Auswirkungen der Stabilisierung kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden. [Abstract Autor]
Psychotherapy of PTSD is often divided into the phases of stabilization and confrontation. In the stabilization phase, the patient learns strategies to regulate affect and control symptoms. Thereafter, the memories of the traumatic event can be disclosed and processed in the confrontation phase. German treatment guidelines and some text books postulate that a phase of stabilization is unconditionally required before the confrontation with trauma memories can take place. In contrast to this statement, evidence from randomized controlled trials shows that the so-called trauma-focused approaches (variants of cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, and EMDR) are the most successful methods for the treatment of PTSD. As a consequence, several international associations and institutes recommend these procedures as the treatment of first choice. All trauma-focused approaches include some type of confrontation with only rudimentary stabilization or with no stabilization at all. In addition, there is no evidence that exposure procedures are more dangerous than stabilization, or that they are less well tolerated and accepted. Likewise, there is no evidence that stabilization is necessary for patients with complex trauma-related disorders such as adult patients with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Contrary to the common doctrine, a stabilization phase is not necessary for trauma treatment and the possibility of negative effects of stabilization cannot be ruled out. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Confrontation Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stabilization Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
239. Hornsveld, H. K., de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E. (2012). Stop the use of eye movements in resource development and installation, until their additional value has been proven: A rejoinder to Leeds and Korn (2012). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(4), 174-178. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.4.174.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This brief article responds to Leeds and Korn's (2012) commentary on our article (Hornsveld et al., 2011) in which we found that eye movements (EMs) during recall of positive and resourceful autobiographic memories (such as those used in resource development and installation [RDI]) led to decreases of (a) vividness, (b) pleasantness, and (c) experienced strength of the intended quality or resource. Hence, we found an opposite effect than what was intended and critically discussed this in our article. In their comments, Leeds and Korn stress their positive clinical experience with RDI and emphasize the limitations of our study. Here we argue that our results, despite their limitations, are fully in line with mounting evidence supporting a working memory account for EMs. Moreover, opposite effects for EMs in the RDI and the safe place procedure accord with several other clinical observations. Given the absence of any confirmatory results, we again advocate, and now even more strongly, to stop the use of EMs in the RDI and safe place procedures until their additional value has been proven.
Keywords: Clinical Impressions RDI Resource Development and Installation Safe Place Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
240. Shapiro, F. (1997, June). Stray thoughts: The search for integration. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(4), 13-15.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Since EMDR is an integrated mode of psychotherapy, there are incorporated principles, protocols, and procedures that are compatible with al the major modalities. It is important to remember that this integration was developed over time in order to strengthen EMDR treatment effects. That development is on-going and every trained clinician has the ability to assist in making the procedures and protocols more robust. The only caveat is to make sure that the treatment effects derived from any alteration or change of existing practices leads to treatment effects that are at least as good, or better than those currently achieved. The best way to determine that is through standardized and behavioral measures that document robust and stable effects over time.
Keywords: Treatment Effects
Accuracy Verified: Yes
241. Leeds, A. M. (2002, June). Strengthening identity and performance. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will articulate an enlarged set of EMDR related Resource Development and Installation (RDI) protocols. All these procedures emphasize the deliberate incorporation of positive emotion as part of restructuring and developing new affect scripts across discrete behavioral states. A majority of workshop time will be devited to experiential practice in dyads and small groups of these clinically relevant procedures. Strategies for accessing and evoking positive emotion will include movement, posture, music, artistic and emotional expression, and a variety of imagery processes.
In these experiential exercises, participants will identify personally relevant areas of desired professional development including issues of recurring countertransference stressors and compassion fatigue. The aim of these procedures is to access naturalistic capacities for positive emotion and incorporate these capacities into new affect scripts that strengthen identity and enhance performance and interaction.
Keywords: RDI Resource Development and Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
242. Leeds, A. M. (2000). Strengthening the self: Principles and procedures for creating successful treatment outcomes for adult survivors of neglect and abuse. Andrew M. Leeds, Ph.D., Santa Rosa, CA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Keywords: Abuse Adult Neglect Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
243. Patterson, G. T., & Chung, I. ([2010]). Stress management training and development programs for police officers and recruits. Oslo, Norway: The Campbell Collaboration. Retrieved from www.campbellcollaboration.org on 2/10/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Background and objective of this review (briefly describe the problem and the
intervention): A body of knowledge exists that identifies sources of police stress, categories of
stress, and the strategies officers and recruits use to cope with stress. It is generally agreed upon
that stressful work and life events can have a negative impact on police officers and recruits that
can be quite pervasive. Consequently, law enforcement organizations provide a wide variety of
interventions to help officers manage stress. The most common intervention is training to help
officers recognize the warning signs of stress, and to use individual coping strategies. However,
little is known about the efficacy of the wide range of interventions given to police officers and
recruits. The objectives of this systematic review are to: assess how stress management and
officer development programs are evaluated; examine conceptual differences in interventions;
explain variations in interventions; build the connection between the body of knowledge that
describes sources and types of police and recruit stress, and interventions; discover reasons for
conflicting training effects; and synthesize what is known and not known about the impact of
different study designs, research methods, interventions, and data analysis procedures on
outcomes.
Keywords: Policemen Recruits Stress Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
244. Lohrasbe, R. S., & Turner, D. (2009, May). To treat or not to treat? Legal Iimplications for EMDR practice. Presentation at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trauma survivors may be involved in either civil or criminal proceedings and EMDR therapists are faced with
decisions of whether or not to treat these clients. Two major questions arise: 1) Should EMDR treatment be
initiated? 2) If yes, what are the therapist’s obligations? This workshop seeks to assist the therapist in making
informed decisions in collaboration with client and counsel when treatment and clinical records may influence legal
proceedings. Suggestions for treatment planning, documentation and collaboration with all parties are provided.
Keywords: Disclosure of Records Informed Consent Legal Legal Proceedings Privacy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
245. Gonzalez, A., & Mosquera , D. (2010). Tratamiento del abuso sexual con EMDR [Treatment of sexual abuse with EMDR]. Revista de Psicoterapia, 20(80).
Language: Spanish
Format: Other
Abstract:
"La terapia EMDR ha obtenido reconocimiento internacional como tratamiento de elección para el trastorno de estrés postraumático, aunque su utilización se ha extendido a numerosas patologías. Desde EMDR se entiende que el origen de los síntomas está en experiencias traumáticas previas que se almacenan en el cerebro de una manera disfuncional. La resolución de los problemas presentes del paciente se consigue a través del procesamiento de las memorias traumáticas, que se reconsolidarán como memorias ordinarias. El procedimiento estándar incluye no sólo el procesamiento de eventos pasados, sino también de las situaciones presentes y la proyección de futuro. Para su aplicación específica en casos de abuso sexual es preciso tener en cuenta si se trata de un abuso temprano y/o prolongado, sobre todo un abuso sexual intrafamiliar, ya que las consecuencias en este caso van más allá de un estrés postraumático simple, como ocurre en un episodio aislado de agresión sexual en un paciente con una historia previa sin elementos de traumatización grave temprana. En este artículo se ejemplificará con casos clínicos la aplicación diferencial en ambos casos."
"EMDR therapy has achieved an extense international recognition as treatment of choice for PTSD. Its use has been extended to a broaden field of pathologies. From the EMDR perspective, symptoms are considered to feed on previous traumatic experiences, and the patient´s problems resolution will be achieved throughout the processing of this dysfunctionally stored information, that becomes reconsolidated as an ordinary memory. The standard EMDR procedure includes not only the processing of past events, but also the processing of present situations and future scope. In order to use EMDR in sexual abuse cases, it is crucial to differentiate between early abuse (overall intrafamiliar abuse) and single sexual aggression in adulthood. The first situation has more severe consequences and needs modified EMDR procedures oriented to severe traumatization and dissociation. The implementation of this therapy will be illustrated with clinical case examples."
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Psychotherapy Sexual Abuse Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
246. Mevissen-Renckens, L. (2008, August). Trauma and trauma therapy (EMDR) in people with ID. Symposium presented at the 13th World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, Cape Town, South Africa.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Aim: People with ID might be particularly vulnerable to significant
life events and at high risk to develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
In the general population EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing) is an evidence-based trauma treatment method. On
small-scale EMDR is used in people with ID and seems to be efficacious
and not placing a load on clients. However research on PTSD
and EMDR in this population is missing so has to be done. Method:
Research on the relationship between life events en mental health
problems in people with ID is listed and analysed. The findings are
compared with the outcomes of single case studies on clients with ID,
treated with EMDR.
Results: Correlational and retrospective analyses
of case files consistently show an association between life events on
one hand and behaviour problems and depression on the other hand.
The only prospective study that is found indicates a causal relationship.
EMDR treatment effects also suggest a causal relationship
between mental health problems and being exposed to overwhelming
events. Conclusions: Further research is necessary to develop evidence
based assessment and treatment procedures for people with ID
who suffer from complaints due to traumatic experiences.
Keywords: ID Intellectual Difficulties Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
247. Woller, W. (2006). Traumaspezifische behandlungstechniken [Trauma-specific treatment techniques] . PiD - Psychotherapie im Dialog, 7(4), 405-407. doi:10.1055/s-2006-951833.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Trauma-Behandlung spezifischer Techniken verfolgen das Ziel, den traumatischen Stress-Symptomen und Stress abbauen und heben Sie die Dissoziation von traumatischen Erinnerungen. Es kann Techniken der Trauma-spezifische Stabilisierungs-und Verarbeitungstechniken von Traumata kommen angewandt. Traumaassozierten zur Verringerung der Symptome, Verbesserung der Fähigkeit, Emotionen zu regulieren und sich von traumatischen Erfahrungen Trauma-spezifische Techniken Stabilisierung Entfernung sind von großer Bedeutung. Dazu gehören Techniken Aufmerksamkeitsumfokussierung, imaginative Techniken und Distanzierung ressourcenaktivierende Techniken. Eine Integration der dissoziierten traumatischen Erinnerungen im biographischen Kontext der Lebensgeschichte erfordert den Einsatz traumabearbeitender (traumakonfrontativer) Verfahren. Verfahren mit nachgewiesener Wirksamkeit sind EMDR und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Konfrontationstherapie. Ein traumakonfrontatives Ansatz wird durch strenge Indikationsstellung Kriterien gebunden. Äußere Sicherheit, psychologische Stabilität und eine verbesserte Fähigkeit, Emotionen zu regulieren sind wesentliche Voraussetzungen.
Trauma-specific treatment techniques pursue the goal of the traumatic stress symptoms and reduce stress and lift the dissociation of traumatic memories. It may come techniques of trauma-specific stabilization and processing techniques of trauma applied. Traumaassozierten to reduce symptoms, improve ability to regulate emotions and to distance themselves from traumatic experience trauma-specific stabilization techniques are of great importance. These include techniques Aufmerksamkeitsumfokussierung, imaginative distancing techniques and ressourcenaktivierende techniques. An integration of dissociated traumatic memories in the biographical context of the life history requires the use traumabearbeitender (traumakonfrontativer) procedures. Procedure with proven efficacy are EMDR and cognitive-behavioral exposure therapy. A traumakonfrontatives approach is bound by strict indication criteria. External security, psychological stability and an enhanced ability to regulate emotions are essential prerequisites.
Keywords: Affect Regulation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
248. Fourie, D. P. (2006, September). Treating phobias or treating people? Of acronyms and the social context. Health SA Gesondheid, 11(3), 41-47.
Language: Afrikaans
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Fobies is van die mees algemene versteurings wat onder die aandag van terapeute en dokters kom. Die klassieke
behandeling van keuse was SD (sistematiese desensitisasie), soms in kombinasie met hipnose. Meer onlangs het
VR- (virtuele realiteit) prosedures en EMDR (oogbeweging desensitisasie herprosessering) na vore gekom as
opwindende alternatiewe. SD en die VR-prosedures is operasionaliserings van kognitiewe gedragsterapie (CBT) en
is op leerteorie gebaseer terwyl EMDR gewoonlik vanuit ‘n psigoneurologiese perspektief beskou word. Die oorwegend
goeie resultate wat met die metodes behaal word waarna hierdie akronieme verwys, word dikwels gebruik om die
geldigheid van die onderliggende teorie te bevestig. Hierdie teorieë onderverteenwoordig egter die interpersoonlike
of sosiale aspekte van fobiese gedrag. Deur ‘n inter-persoonlike fokus by die algemene intra-persoonlike beskouing
van fobiese gedrag te voeg, word beide die sukses van die gewone behandelingsmetodes en die relatief-rare
mislukkings meer volledig verklaar. Deur gevalle as illustrasies te gebruik, werp hierdie artikel lig op die wyse
waarop fobiese gedrag dikwels ingebed is in ‘n matriks van interpersoonlike en sosiale invloede en stel dit die meer
gerigte en effektiewe benutting hiervan in die behandeling van fobielyers voor.
HEALTH
Phobias are some of the most common disorders brought to the attention of treatment agents. Classically, the treatment of choice was SD (systematic desensitisation), sometimes combined with hypnosis. More recently, VR (virtual reality) procedures and EMDR (eye movement desensitisation reprocessing) emerged as exciting alternatives.
SD and the VR procedures are operationalisations of CBT (cognitive behaviour therapy) and are based on learning theory, while EMDR is usually viewed from a psychoneurological perspective. The generally good results obtained with the methods known by these acronyms are often taken to confirm the soundness of the particular underlying theory. However, these theories under-represent the interpersonal or social aspects of phobic behaviour. Adding an inter-personal focus to the generally intra-personal view of this behaviour much more fully explains both the success of the usual treatment procedures and the relatively rare failures. Using case illustrations, this paper highlights the way in which phobic behaviour is often embedded in a matrix of interpersonal and social influences
and suggests the more deliberate and effective utilisation of these in the treatment of phobic sufferers.[Journal abstract]
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Memory Processing Phobias Social Constructionism Systematic Desensitisation SD Virtual Reality VR
Accuracy Verified: Yes
249. de Jongh, A. (2006, June). Treatment of anxiety and phobias with EMDR: Rapid conceptualization: Effective procedures and proposals for changes of the protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Fears and phobias associated with EMDR situations where a single event for the well-structured, and short-term treatment is not compelling. Exposure in vivo EMDR'ın cognitive behavioral interventions, such as advantages, the fear-inspiring re-creation of the situation, situation (eg, sexuality, illness or death-related moments, situations) or phobic stimuli (eg, aircraft, mouse, snake) real life should be revived. However, inspiring fear and phobia on the basis of the number of lives to be in that situation, the phobic anxiety reactions to certain situations people may continue to give. Therefore EMDR'la fear and / or while working with phobias, anxiety-fear may danışanalr work preparing for the future status should not be terminated. This adaptive coping mechanisms to obtain, provide relief to improve the mental strategies in the future will need to be placed in a behavioral patterns and behavioral experiments can be done. EMDR'ın with fear and phobia clinical applications focusing on this at the end of the study group participants: 1) consult those who fear, avoidance of situations of mold assessment, 2) in terms of EMDR cases quickly formulated, 3) for those who need counseling EMDR protocol creative format can be adapted, and 4 ) EMDR intervention for their general treatment approach (cognitive-behavioral) to integrate aims to provide skills to develop.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
250. Wetherell, J. L. (1998, Winter). Treatment of anxiety in older adults. Psychotherapy, 35(4), 444-458. doi:10.1037/h0087745.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Although late life anxiety is common and appears to have potentially serious consequences, older adults generally underutilize mental health services. This article is a broad review of psychological literature that addresses the prevalence, consequences, and psychological treatment of anxiety in older adults. Psychological treatments, including relaxation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and life review, are explored as alternatives to pharmacological approaches to treatment of anxiety. Several anxiety associated conditions are discussed: dementia, depression, phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and PTSD. Case histories illustrate the effectiveness of psychological intervention for treatment of anxiety in the elderly. Included is a comprehensive list of manuals for anxiety treatment procedures. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Aged Anxiety Disorders Behavior Modification Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Drug Therapy Health Care Utilization Literature Review Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
251. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (1998). Treatment of choking phobia by targeting traumatic memories with EMDR: A case study. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5(4), 264-269. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199812).
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Choking phobia is a specific phobia characterized by fear and avoidance of swallowing foods and liquids. It often develops following an episode of choking on food. A prospective case study of a 30-year-old woman with a phobia of choking, acquired after a series of traumatic incidents 5 years previously, demonstrates the usefulness of an approach that is aimed at processing the disturbing memories of a traumatic event. Two therapy sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) produced a lasting decrease in symptomatology. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Report Females Medical Procedures Multiple Traumatic Events Phobia Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
252. Salabert, G. (2002). Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder using eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: two case studies. In B. Raphael, & A. Malak, (Eds.), Diversity and mental health in challenging times (pp. 237-245). Sydney: Transcultural Mental Health Centre.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
In my experience of using EMDR with clients from Latin American backgrounds, a number of old traumatic experiences emerge earlier in the process of therapy than conventional psychotherapeutic treatment. These memories were mainly related to life threatening situations experienced in their countries of origin due to organised violence.Two cases will illustrate the clinical use of EMDR. These clients came from Argentina and Central America suffering from PTSD at the time of treatment. [Adapted from Text, p. 238][Pilots]
Keywords: Argentines Case Report Central Americans Dog Bites Females Immigrant Australian Middle Aged Multiple Traumatic Events Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Surgical Procedures Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
253. Brisch, K. H. (2005, June). Treatment with EMDR of a boy with generalized tic disorder. In EMDR and children. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The treatment with EMDR of a boy with generalized tic disorder is
demonstrated with video material. This boy who had heart surgery at age 4
developed a generalized acute tic disorder at age 11 after an episode of
reanimation as a result of an instrument error that occurred during ECG
monitoring. This incident was not known to the parents, and neither the boy
nor the hospital staff reported on this. Within a few weeks the boy was
completely disabled not able to walk and to speak properly anymore. He
could neither attend school nor participate in leisure amenities with his
friends. After comprehensive diagnostic procedures and unsuccessful
treatment with different types of medication, the tic disorder was diagnosed
as symptomatology of an acute PTSD after traumatic experience of
reanimation with fear of near death.
After EMDR treatment the boy had a complete recovery and could
participate in school and leisure-time activities without any tic symptoms.
The recovery proved to be stable over the follow-up period of one year.
Keywords: Children Symposium Tic Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
254. Jacome, S. (2012, Novembro). Uma proposta de abordagem grupal de eventos traumáticos heterogêneos [A proposed approach heterogeneous group of traumatic events]. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Este workshop fornece elementos teóricos e práticos para EMDR terapeutas com conhecimento trabalha ou pretende trabalhar com grupos. Fornece uma visão geral da integração do modelo de EMDR com elementos de psicoterapia psicodramática de grupo. Algumas ideias para a aplicação prática dos princípios da psicoterapia de grupo em conjunto com maneiras criativas de usar EMDR.
Com a crescente demanda por cuidados de saúde mental, psicoterapia individual tem várias limitações, abordagens individuais são geralmente caros e inacessíveis para grandes segmentos da população. A terapia de grupo tem sido desenvolvido como um baixo custo, otimizando recursos humanos, tempo e economia.
EMDR é originalmente uma abordagem individual e de grupo, embora alguns procedimentos EMDR foram desenvolvidos, abordando a necessidade ea urgência de intervir em situações de crise, especialmente envolvendo grupos e populações inteiras, ainda há uma maneira de aproximar-se do grupo e não só no grupo.
Esta proposta surge a partir da formação do primeiro autor como um terapeuta com um terapeuta psicodrama foco do grupo e, em seguida, como EMDR, que vem buscando uma maneira de integrar as fases da abordagem EMDR com uma abordagem de grupo de psicodrama, psicoterapia que permite desenvolver maneiras de tratar grupos de pessoas com problemas diferentes, com experiências diferentes, o que na psicoterapia de grupo é chamado de grupos heterogêneos.
Também irá abordar várias preocupações, dificuldades e preocupações que surgem quando se explora a possibilidade de combinar a psicoterapia de grupo e EMDR, como abreactions manipulação, processamento, memória e outras dificuldades.
This workshop provides theoretical and practical elements for EMDR therapists with expertise working or want to work with groups. Provides an overview of the integration of model elements with EMDR psychotherapy group psychotherapy. Some ideas for the practical application of the principles of group psychotherapy in conjunction with creative ways to use EMDR.
With the growing demand for mental health care, individual psychotherapy has several limitations, individual approaches are often expensive and inaccessible to large segments of the population. Group therapy has been developed as a low cost, optimizing human resources, time and economy.
EMDR is an approach originally individual and group, though some EMDR procedures were developed, addressing the urgent need to intervene in crisis situations, especially involving groups and entire populations, there is still a way to approach the group and not just the group.
This proposal arises from the formation of the first author as a therapist with a focus group psychodrama therapist and then as EMDR, which has been seeking a way to integrate the phases of the EMDR approach with an approach to group psychodrama psychotherapy that allows developing ways to treat groups of people with different problems, with different experiences, which in group psychotherapy is called heterogeneous groups.
It will also address several concerns, difficulties and concerns that arise when exploring the possibility of combining the group psychotherapy and EMDR, as abreactions handling, processing, memory and other difficulties.
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
255. Mosquera, D. (2013, June). Understanding and treating narcissistic personality disorder with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is associated with selfish behaviors and lack of empathy towards others. Patients with this diagnosis show a self-centered profile and a (sometimes only apparent) lack of concern about the suffering that they can cause in other people but this is only part of the picture.
The DSM-IV description of narcissistic personality disorder focuses on the “overt” qualities of narcissism (grandiosity, exploitation, arrogance, interpersonal problems and rage) while omitting the less obvious and more subtle “covert” characteristics (tendency to be shame sensitive, introverted, vulnerable, inhibited and anxiety-prone). All of these aspects may be present in both abusers and victims, in either overt or subtle presentations. In this presentation we will show how to conceptualize and treat different profiles characterized by self-centeredness, selfish attitudes and a lack of empathy from the EMDR perspective.
To conceptualize EMDR therapy in these cases it is important to understand the developmental pathways from early experiences to present problems. Narcissism features can be final outcomes of a neglecting environment, chronic abuse or other adverse experiences. In some cases it can even be related to excessive appraisal. A variety of attachment disturbances with primary caregivers can lead to lack of empathy and self-centeredness. Being able to identify (and reprocess) the etiological experiences at the roots of the symptoms is crucial for an adequate case conceptualization.
All these aspects and the complexity of therapeutic relationship in narcissistic personalities will be reviewed in this presentation linking theory and case examples. Video cases will be shown to illustrate case conceptualization and treatment methods.
Learning objectives:
Narcissism is in many cases a trauma-based disorder. Students will be able to understand Narcissism from a trauma perspective; as a presentation of early complex traumatization.
Special interest will be placed on relevant aspects for the history taking and how present symptoms can be linked to traumatic events (triggers).
Relational difficulties and defenses are key aspects in the treatment of personality disorders and their management will be one of the objectives of this workshop.
Treatment and conceptualization of these complex cases will be explained with the necessary adaptations of the EMDR procedures for narcissism.
Description of how workshop would achieve the learning outcomes:
The theory will be illustrated through case examples. Videos of interviews and clinical sessions will be showed, maintaining an interactive dialogue with the audience, where theoretical concepts will be exemplified and discussed with the participants.
Keywords: Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
256. Chambless, D.L., Sanderson, W.C., Shoham, V., Bennett Johnson, S., Pope, K.S., Crits-Christoph, P., Baker, M., Johnson, B., Woody, S.R., Sue, S., Beutler, L., Williams, D.A., & McCurry, S. (1996). An update on empirically validated therapies. The Clinical Psychologist, 49, 5-18.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In 1995 the Division 12 Task Force on Promotion and
Dissemination of Psychological Procedures published its
report in this journal. A major focus of that report was
increasing training in psychological interventions that have
been supported in empirical research by making clinical
psychologists and students more aware of these treatments
and facilitating training opportunities. To provide the basis
for a survey on the degree to which clinical programs and
internships were currently providing training in empirically
supported therapies, the task force constructed a list of
examples of treatments meeting criteria for efficacy as
established by the task force.
Based on feedback that members of the profession found
this list of interventions to be very useful in training and
clinical work, while also recognizing its very incomplete
basis, the Division 12 board charged the succeeding task
force (Task Force on Psychological Interventions), appointed
in succession by Presidents Martin Seligman and Gerald
Koocher, with adding to this preliminary list on an annual
basis. This is one purpose of the current report. In
addition, we raise several issues about the use and
limitations of empirically supported treatments as currently
identified. In keeping with the practice established by the
first task force, the members of the group who constructed
the present report are diverse in theoretical orientation and
work in a variety of settings -- psychology departments,
medical schools, and private practice.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
257. Zabukovec, J., & Tetreault, L. (2008, September). Updates in EMDR consultation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will address ways to become a competent and thorough EMDRIA Approved Consultant. Specific content areas will include: dynamic consultation skills; legal liability; and criteria and ideas for working with Certification applicants, Consultants-In-Training, and trainees.
Keywords: Consultation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
258. Lu, D. P. (2010, May/June). Using alternating bilateral stimulation of eye movement desensitization for treatment of fearful patients. General Dentistry, 58(3), e140-e147.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Since the mid-1990s, eye movement desensitization (EMD) has been used in the realm of clinical psychology and psychiatry as a nonpharmacotherapeutic modality for the treatment of phobias, post-traumatic symptoms, and various psychotrauma cases. EMD can also be incorporated into the use of hypnosis, although the two are not the same thing. This study examined various clinical applications of the eye movement component of EMD (known as alternating bilateral stimulation (ABS)) on fearful dental patients who had a history of traumatic dental experiences. Findings were based on the clinical impressions and assessments of both the patients and the operating team. Results show that ABS, while effective for enabling patients to undergo non-invasive dental procedures such as clinical examinations and simple prophylaxis, has only limited beneficial effect for extremely fearful patients who must undergo invasive procedures such as extraction, drilling, and injections. Nevertheless, ABS is effective for mild to moderate patient phobia and anxiety. Although EMD is more effective than ABS, ABS is simple and easy for patients and clinicians to perform during treatment and can be performed readily in the dental office.
Keywords: ABS Alternating Bilateral Stimulation Anxiety Dental Patients Denistry Drilling EMD Extraction Injections Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
259. Tartakovsky, M. (2012, March). Using EMDR therapy to heal your past: Interview with creator Francine Shapiro. PsychCentral. [6 pages] Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/lib/2012/using-emdr-therapy-to-heal-your-past-interview-with-creator-francine-shapiro/2/ on 3/26/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Is there something from EMDR that could be generalized to helping people live more mentally healthy, even if they don’t have a PTSD concern?
Recent research has shown that certain types of life experiences can cause more PTSD symptoms than major trauma. It has also been documented that negative childhood experiences can cause later problems.
EMDR therapy addresses the life experiences that set the foundation for a wide range of clinical complaints involving negative emotions, physical sensations, thoughts, beliefs, behaviors and relationship difficulties. It also incorporates procedures to address future concerns and challenges.
[Excerpt]
Keywords: Francine Shapiro Interview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
260. Knipe, J. (2006, June). Using EMDR with substance addictions and with behavior problems that have an addictive pattern. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is clear from over 17 published studies that the EMDR method is highly effective in
assisting clients in resolving PTSD (Maxfield and Hyer, 2002). However, most clients who enter therapy do not have a simple problem of a single disturbing memory, but a complex history. Typically, clients come to therapy with a mixed presentation, of not only emotional disturbance, but also mental structures and actions which function to soothe, contain, avoid or dissociate from emotional disturbance. Thus, the initial
presentation of most clients is complex and often ambivalent. In this workshop, examples will illustrate Adaptive Information Processing methods of targeting and resolving psychological defenses, such as avoidance, ambivalence, and idealization. Also, the BHS/CIPOS (Back-of-the-Head Scale/Constant Installation of Present
Orientation and Safety) method will be described. This method is a set of procedures that can be used during the EMDR Desensitization Phase to therapeutically reverse dissociative processes while preserving emotional safety. Video segments from therapy sessions will be shown to illustrate each of these methods.
Keywords: Addictions Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
261. Cecero, J. J., & Carroll, K. M. (2000, January). Using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to reduce cocaine cravings. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(1), 150-151.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
We hypothesized that drug cravings, like disturbing thoughts, might be reduced through eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, so we used the procedures described by Popky (unpublished report) to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing on cocaine cravings and drug use among opioid addicts who were maintained with methadone. We received the approval of our institutional review board and obtained signed informed consent forms from the subjects.
Keywords: Cocaine Cravings Letter
Accuracy Verified: Yes
262. Gilman, G. (1995). Vision therapy. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(2), 21-23.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Vision therapy is a series of clinical
procedures that improves the quality
of visual skills and vision perception.
It has a long clinical history dating
back tothe previous century. Itbegan
in England and France and was originally
named orthoptics. The name
orthoptics comes from ORTHO meaning
straight and OPTICS meaning
eyes. Many of the original techniques were dehcated to treating those who
had crossed or lazy eyes. In-the past
40 years, optometrists have further
developed vision therapy procedures
for treating vision related learning
problems, particularly those visual
problems that result in poor reading
abihty. Behavioral optometrists use
vision therapy to improve eye movements,
eye coordination, focusing and
vision perception. These are the sensory
motor components of vision.
Keywords: Vision Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
263. van den Hout, M., Kindt, M., Muris, P., & Salemink, E. (2001). Vreemde oogbewegingen maken herinneringen minder levendig en minder emotioneel [Strange eye movements make memories less vivid and less emotionally]. Directieve Therapie, 21(3), 121-127. doi:10.1007/BF03060262 .
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Bij Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (emdr) beweegt de patiënt de ogen lateraal, tijdens het ophalen van aversieve herinneringen. Bij gezonde proefpersonen werd nagegaan of dit ‘oogbewegen’ ertoe leidt dat, na de procedure, de herinneringen van kwaliteit veranderen. Dit was het geval. Oogbewegen leidde tot verminderen van levendigheid van latere herinneringen en tot mindere emotionaliteit van herinneringen. Dit effect was sterker dan bij controlecondities: tikken op een tafel of nietsdoen. Het effect trad op bij negatieve herinneringen en bij positieve herinneringen. Beide typen herinneringen werden door het oogbewegen minder levendig, terwijl negatieve herinneringen na oogbewegen minder negatief werden en positieve herinneringen minder positief. Dit suggereert dat emdr meer is dan een placebo. Er wordt kort gespeculeerd over de verklaring van dit fenomeen. De klinische implicatie van dit resultaat is dat emdr-achtige procedures beter kunnen zijn dan placebo, alhoewel andere behandelvormen aanzienlijk effectiever lijken te zijn. emdr-achtige procedures kunnen een bescheiden, maar helder te definiëren plaats hebben in de behandeling van posttraumatische stressklachten.
In Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) moves the patient's lateral eyes, while fetching aversive memories. In healthy subjects, whether this 'eye movement' leads, after the procedure, the memories of quality change. This was the case. Eye movement led to later reduce vividness of memories and to a lesser emotionality of memories. This effect was stronger than in control conditions: tapping on a table or not. The effect occurred in negative memories and positive memories. Both types of memories were less vivid by the eye movement, eye movement while negative memories became less negative and less positive positive memories. This suggests that EMDR is more than a placebo. It speculated about the brief explanation of this phenomenon. The clinical implication of this result is that EMDR-like procedures may be better than placebo, although other forms of treatment appear to be significantly more effective. EMDR-like procedures, a modest but clearly defined place in the treatment of post traumatic stress symptoms.
Keywords: Eye Movements
Accuracy Verified: Yes
264. Greenwald, R., & Shapiro, F. (2011). What Is EMDR? Concluding Commentary by Greenwald and Response by Shapiro. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(1), 2-13. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.1.25.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This Point/Counterpoint concludes the interchange in Greenwald, R. and Shapiro, F. (2010) What is EMDR?: Commentary by Greenwald and Invited Response by Shapiro Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4, 170-179. Greenwald Rejoinder: In this rejoinder, I highlight areas of agreement between Shapiro and me that were obscured by Shapiro's (2010) response to my (Greenwald, 2010) commentary. I also address some of the erroneous statements made by Shapiro (2010) in her arguments against my positions. Finally, I summarize our disagreements, and again assert that until we have an empirical basis for preferring a particular theoretical model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), it is premature for professional organizations to endorse Shapiro's model. Shapiro Response: In response to Greenwald, I again confine myself to addressing some of the errors and misconceptions in his arguments in relation to important aspects of EMDR therapy, theory, and research. Further, contrary to his assertion, there is already a sufficient empirical basis to support the preferential use of the adaptive information processing (AIP) model from which the EMDR procedures were formulated. His argument against this position is antithetical to the traditional process by which foundational models are challenged, refined, or replaced. Implications are salient to both training and practice.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Model Psychotherapy Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
265. Greenwald, R., & Shapiro, F. (2010). What is EMDR?: Commentary by Greenwald and invited response by Shapiro. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), 170-179. doi:10.1891/19333196.4.4.170 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Greenwald: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has already been defi ned by at least
one EMDR-focused professional association as inextricably based on Shapiro’s (2001) eight-phase protocol
and adaptive information processing (AIP) model. This commentary argues that given the lack of
data supporting an exclusive preference for Shapiro’s constructs, EMDR’s defi nition should not preclude
legitimate alternative conceptualizations. Since defi nitions may be used for many inclusive and exclusive
purposes with impact on EMDR’s development, dissemination, practice, and reputation, EMDR’s defi nition
should be reconsidered. Shapiro : Greenwald’s arguments and suggested redefi nition are examined in
relation to EMDR research, theory and practice. As evaluated in numerous studies, EMDR is a distinct,
eight-phase integrative psychotherapy approach that consists of numerous procedures and protocols,
which were formulated and are conducted in accordance with the principles of the AIP model. Research
and published clinical case reports have validated both its utility and predictions of positive treatment
outcomes with a variety of populations. Professional implications are explored.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Phase Model Psychotherapy Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
266. Erdmann, C. (2006). Wirkfaktoren in der psychotherapie und der EMDR-behandlung. (Wie) kann psychotherapie wirksamer werden? [Effective factors in psychotherapy and EMDR therapy. (How can psychotherapy are effective?)]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Auf der Grundlage neurowisenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse werden in der letzten Zeit vermehrt Psychotherapiemethoden und -verfahren neu bewertet und evaluiert. Zunehmend werden in diesem Zusammenhang Wirkfaktoren diskutiert, denen Klaus Grawe (Prof. Dr. K. Grawe, ehem. Psychologisches Institut der Universität Bern) und seinen Mitarbeitern zufolge eine besondere Bedeutung für eine effektive psychotherapeutische Behandlung und in der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung zukommen sollte.
Based on findings neurowisenschaftlicher recently increased psychotherapy methods and procedures re-evaluated and evaluated. Increasingly discussed in this context, effective factors, which Klaus Grawe (Prof. Dr. K. Grawe, former Department of Psychology, University of Bern) and to send his staff that a special importance for effective treatment and psychotherapy in psychotherapeutic training should ..
Keywords: Efficacy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
267. Muramoto, K. (2001, September). Women's trauma and healing in Japanese culture. Union Institute, Cincinnati, OH. AAT 3007972.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This dissertation explores the reality of women's trauma and the effective treatment for traumatized women in Japanese culture. Current research on PTSD supports the universality of many of the biologically determined components of PTSD experiences, while the importance of considering the cultural aspect of trauma is also stressed. Key research questions were: Can PTSD and trauma-related disorders be diagnosed in Japanese women? To what degree are the trauma theory and treatment methods from the West applicable to Japanese women? The primary research method was a literature review supplemented by interviews with Japanese clinicians and reflections on the author's experience as a psychotherapist.In Japan, the interest in trauma has been rapidly growing in the 1990s, particularly after the year 1995 when the Great Hanshin (Kobe) Earthquake happened. The developing statistics of women's trauma in Japan signify a serious problem to women's mental health, as is found in United States. Although the literature is limited yet, the research indicated that Japanese women suffer almost the same symptoms of PTSD and other trauma-related symptoms as women in the U.S. One distinctive characteristic is that Japanese people tend to complain of physical pain rather than psychological symptoms. The assessment and treatment procedures for traumatized women were not studied enough in Japan. The author illustrated the effective assessment and treatment plan for Japanese women as an example. The Western trauma theories and treatment methods are applicable to Japanese women, requiring some additional devices. Supportive psychotherapy and EMDR seem to be prevalent approaches at present. Creative art therapy and body-centered approaches have the potential to be effective in Japanese culture. Vicarious traumatization in mental health professionals is becoming a serious problem in Japan, too. The author also paid attention to multigenerational trauma in Japanese society. The trauma caused by World War II is reviewed in an effort to suggest the enormity of the task we have in dealing with trauma. It is time for Japanese people to resolve multigenerational trauma so as to stop continuous trauma and to take care of traumatized people. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 62(3-B), Sep 2001, pp. 1591.
Keywords: Adults Cross Cultural Assessment Cross Cultural Treatment Diagnostic Validity Empirical Study Females Japanese Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
268. Hornsveld, H. (2011, June). Work mechanisms in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye movements (EMs) during retrieval of negative memories reduce the vividness and emotionality of these memories when they are being recalled later. This is a robust phenomenon and is the basis of the EMDR method. Of the many explanations that have been put forward to explain the benefits of EMs, the working memory (WM) explanation has – by far - the most empirical support.
The WM hypothesis will be explained and a new series of experiments will be presented that give additional support for the WM account and have some large clinical implications.
1.In over 50% of the EMDR treatments eye movements are replaced by other bilateral stimulation like auditory tones or tapping. These ‘variants’ lack empirical support. Several studies (in healthy subjects and patients) strongly suggest that that these alternatives are inferior to eye movements. This is in line with the working memory account.
2.Eye movements are also used in (non-desensitization) procedures like the safe place and the RDI procedure. Again, there is no empirical support for the added value of eye movements. Our research indicates that – in line with the WM theory – EM’s seem counterproductive in RDI.
3.EMs also reduce the vividness and emotionality of (disturbing) images of feared future events: “flashworwards”.
Learning objectives:
Research data in a non-clinical sample and some clinical cases will be presented.
Keywords: Mechanisms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
269. Meusers, M. (2005, June). Work with a pupil collective involved in a traffic accident with the help of EMDR. In EMDR and children. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
On Tuesday. November llth 2004 in Gevelsberg, Germany a traffic
accident happened with a truck and a school bus. A number of children
were slightly injured. 17 pupils of a basic school were involved. A part of
them were in need of acute ambulatory medical care in a hospital. In
addition were some siblings, attending higher schools likewise casualties of
the accident. At request of the "Opferschutzbeauftragten" and the school
the Psychiatry for children and youngsters, Herdecke, Germany as hospital
in responsibility at Monday, November 29th were asked to treat this incident
with this 17 pupils of the school. Three co-worker8 of the Kinder- und
Jugendpsychiatrie Herdecke, a policeman, the "Opferschutzbeauftragte"
[commissioner for victim protection], a person from the bus company, the
principal of the school and the 17 pupils were present. The methods were
presented, involving EMDR in the collective. Installation of a safe location.
Treatment of the actual accident event in the group as well as strategies for
stabilisation of the pupils was represented in detail. Especially the persons
present were entered into the legal, organisational and practical topics of
the problem. Later a re-inquiry took place in the families, the result will be
also presented at congress.
On the occasion of this event a concept of proceeding in acute trauma
was developed together with the "Opfenchutzbeauftrogten" of our region
of providing. This will be presented as well, if finished until then, at congress.
Keywords: Children Symposium Traffic Accident
Accuracy Verified: Yes
270. Turner, S. (2008, June). “A human rights framework in trauma work". Keynote presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Some people survive trauma only to find themselves continuing to live in
very real danger of further deliberate harm. This happens, for example, on
a large scale where the state uses repressive violence against communities
and at a personal level in many types of intra-familial violence, but there
are many other illustrations. One of the first steps that we often make as
therapists is to clarify that the traumatic experience has come to an end
and that the survivor is ready, and feels safe enough, to deal with the
emotional components of their past experiences. Victims of violence may
come from disadvantaged or minority groups in society and it is often
insufficient to rely only on the goodwill of the majority population to
achieve this sense of safety. It is essential that there should be human
rights policies with the force of law to protect vulnerable people and allow
them to achieve justice and a sense of efficacy. This year is the 60th
anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, an inspirational
document prepared after the Second World War, and yet, unfortunately,
human rights abuses remain all too common. The interplay between the
legal framework of human rights and the therapeutic framework of clinical
practice is not always straightforward to negotiate. Problems may occur,
for example, for refugees who escape from persecution but whose legal
cases in their new country of asylum take years to settle, children
experiencing continuing abuse but who are too afraid to talk, adult rape
survivors who feel too ashamed to disclose and who would expect a
prosecution to fail anyway. An ethical framework for our practice is
required which fully takes into account the therapeutic needs of the
survivor; their legal right to justice, protection and acknowledgment of
harm done; and their personal wishes.
Keywords: Keynote
Accuracy Verified: Yes
271. Gelinas, D. (2013, May). “Smoke and mirrors” procedures for managing dissociative impediments during EMDR processing phases. Plenary presented at the Western Massachusetts EMDRIA Regional Network 9th Annual Spring Conference, Amherst MA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
When clinicians understand how dissociation works
and how to manage it, the considerable benefits of
EMDR therapy can be provided to clients with complex
posttraumatic disorders. This presentation is designed
to help clinicians manage dissociative impediments to
EMDR processing. It will address 1) the descriptive
and structural approaches to understanding dissociation,
2) recognizing dissociative impediments
(including the phobias of internal processes as defined
in structural dissociation), 3) methods for reducing
dissociative disruptions of processing, and 4) stepped
procedures for managing them if they emerge. Videotape
segments will illustrate clinical procedures.
Keywords: Dissociation Plenary
Accuracy Verified: Yes