Francine Shapiro Library ~ EMDR Bibliography

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1. Everly, G. S. Jr., & Lating, J. M. (2002). A clinical guide to the treatment of the human stress response, 2nd ed. Springer Publishing Company.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This updated edition of A Clinical Guide to the Treatment of the Human Stress Response reflects the dramatic changes in this field over the past decade. This edition covers a range of new topics, including stress and the immune system, post-traumatic stress and crisis intervention, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), Crisis Management Briefings in response to mass disasters and terrorism, Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM), spirituality and religion as stress management tools, dietary factors and stress, and updated information on psychopharmacologic intervention in the human stress response. As with the previous edition, this volume is designed as a comprehensive and accessible guide to both the clinically relevant physiology and treatment of the human stress response. Discussion of treatment protocols, using selected behavioral treatment strategies, is purposefully brief and clinically targeted. Supplemental information for practitioners includes a flow chart on the nature of stress physiology, a relaxation report form, specific protocols for teaching the relaxation response, a self-report checklist designed for health education purposes, and over 700 references. [Springer] Springer Series on Stress and Coping

Keywords: Human Stress Response

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. Tsuchimochi, S. (2010, July). The possibility of EMDR use with juvenile delinquents. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of EMDR use with juvenile delinquents, such as improvements of physical and mental mal-adjustment, emotion control, self-recognition and attitudes toward others. It also examined under which conditions in the judicial proceedings, it is possible to apply the EMDR therapy to juveniles. Methods: Three delinquents whose cases were in the Family Court process, were selected as participants in view of effectiveness, safety and validity. The measurement scales are as follows: (a)IES-R, (b)the Life Gram ( a wavy line drawn by the participant to describe one’s own life from the birth to present in the range of +10 and -10.), (c)SUDs, VOC, (d)self-reported impression by the participant, and (e)observation by the writer. Self-tapping on knees under the instruction by the writer was used as the bilateral stimulation. Each participant was interviewed four or five times during 4 weeks. Baseline measurements were done on 1st or 2nd interview, while post measurements were done on 4th or 5th interview after the EMDR session was held on 3rd or 4th time. Results: Results showed clear improvements by one EMDR intervention in two cases out of three. Insufficient care could be the reason for the absence of improvement with one participant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the EMDR is effective for the improvements of the various symptoms and problems of the juvenile delinquents, if being properly applied on the certain guidelines set for them.

Keywords: Juvenile Delinquents Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. 国秋汪永光王义强付素芬曹日芳 [Zhao Guo-Qiu, Wang Yong-Guang, Wang Yi-Qiang, Fu Shu-Fen, & Fang Tsao]. (2008, August). "4•28"胶济铁路交通事故伤员心理危机的干预 [Psychological intervention in the casualties of 4 · 28 train crash on the Jiao-Ji railway line]. 中華急診醫學雜誌 17卷8期 (2008/08), 800-803 [Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine], 17(8), 800-803 .

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
目的　分析淄博铁路交通事故伤员心理行为反应特点以寻找救治交通事故后患者的心理的有效方法。方法　采用心理危机结构式访谈问卷，对2008年4月28日发生的山东淄博胶济铁路重大交通事故中的226伤员进行心理状态评估，并对22名ASD患者进行眼动脱敏再加工(eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR)治疗，比较EMDR治疗前后的心理行为反应的差异。结果　有22名达到ASD（急性应激障碍）诊断标准，本次铁路交通事故中ASD的发生率为9.73%，伤员中主要以闯人、警觉性增高表现为主，并伴随着其他的负性情绪体验。女性组ASD的发生率(14.85%)高于男性组(5.60%)，P<0.05。女性组心理行为反应结果明显重于男性组(P<0.05)，EMDR能够显著改善ASD患者的闯入、警觉性增高症状(P<0.01)，但愤怒情绪没有显著改善((P=0.227))。结论　铁路交通事故后，女性比男性更容易发生ASD。EMDR可有效地解决ASD患者除愤怒以外的心理危机。

Objective: To investigate the psychological characteristics in the casualties of 4.28 train crash on the Jiao-Ji railway track and to find a effective way to relieve the psychological crisis induced by traffic accident. Method: A total of 226 casualties were assessed in respect of psychological crisis with interview questionnaire after 4.28 train track on Jiao-ji railwayine. Twenty-two casualties meeting acute stress disorder (ASD) criteria from DSM-IV were treated with EMDR. The therapeutic effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on ASD were assessed. Results: The incidence of ASD was 9.73% (22 casualties). The major psychological consequences in casualties were intrusive symptoms, symptoms of hyperarousal, and negative emotional symptoms. Significant differences on gender had been found in incidence rate of ASD female 14.85% and male 5.60%, P < 0.05. The women manifested more severe psychological consequences than men in this train crash accident. Significant treatment effect was found in EMDR on ASD. EMDR can significantly improve the intrusive symptoms and symptoms of hyperarousal (P < 0.05), but can not significantly improve negative emotional symptoms (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The women showed more severe psychological consequences than men after train crash accident. EMDR was effective treatment on ASD but negative emotional symptoms.

Keywords: Accident Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Crsis Intervention Psychological Crisis Intervention Traffic Accident Train Collision Train Crashes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Mehrotra, S. ( 2008年10月). 使用EMDR干预印度儿童(英文) [Using EMDR for the children in India for intervention]. 第五届世界心理治疗大会论文摘要.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Children India

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. 朱品潔 [Chu Pin-Chieh, & Zhu Pinjie]. (1999). 個人失落與EMDR之介入：個案研究 [EMDR of personal loss and intervention: A Case Study]Educational Psychology and Counseling]. National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Taiwan.

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
本研究的目的是探索的眼動脫敏和再處理（EMDR）的干預治療結果與個人的損失。通過深入了解客戶的主觀經驗和在整個治療過程中不斷變化的課程，研究人員打算證明 EMDR的治療 efficaciously幫助客戶克服個人損失的創傷，重拾信心和活力。研究人員採訪了客戶端是誰願意分享他的生活和EMDR的治療經驗，通過一個半結構化的問卷。與客戶的許可，研究人員已經獲得了客戶的臨床記錄。有條不紊地綜合各種數據後，研究人員已開發出的情況下提出的生活經驗和客戶端的EMDR的治療干預的描述。研究者分析了廣義的數據，客戶端的適應性應對整個 EMDR的治療過程，並討論了從精神科醫生和其他輔導員干預的影響。（作者摘要）

The purpose of this study is to explore the treatment outcomes from the intervention of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with personal loss. Through in-depth understanding of the client’s subjective experiences and changing courses throughout the entire therapeutic process, the researcher intends to prove that EMDR therapy has efficaciously helped the client overcome the trauma from personal loss and regain confidence and vitality. The researcher has interviewed a client who is willing to share his life and EMDR therapy experiences through a semi-structured questionnaire. With the client’s permission, the researcher has obtained the client’s clinical records. After methodically synthesizing the various data, the researcher has developed a case description presenting both the life experience and the intervention of EMDR therapy of the client. The researcher has analyzed the data, generalized the client’s adaptive coping processes throughout EMDR therapy and discussed the effects from the psychiatrist’s and other counselors’ interventions. (Author's abstract)

Keywords: Case Study Dissociation Personal Loss

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. 福井義一 [Fukui Yoshikazu]. (2008年5月). 催眠とEMDRの併用と統合的使用(その2)催眠によりEMDRを治療的に補完し得た事例 [Using hypnosis and EMDR combined and integrated (2) obtained by the complement of Hypnosis EMDR treatment case]. 臨床催眠学 9, 52-66 [Clinical Hypnosis, 9, 52-66].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Hypnosis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. 杜鹃 [Du Juan] ( 发表时间). 创伤后应激反应的相关因素分析及眼动疗法干预研究 [The analysis of related factors of post-traumatic stress and the research on EMDR intervention]. 山东大学.

Language: Chinese

Format: Book

Abstract:
5EMDR未来的方向对EMDR治疗持不乐观的文献亦较多，如有人指出目前关于EMDR的对照研究没有严格遵照科学的原则，故其有效性有待进一步考证〔34j。另外，关于EMDR在处理创伤的生理学症状所起的作用和机制的探讨，还不是很清楚，缺乏更多的实证研究。...

[2.1.5. The future of EMDR. There are also many articles which hold negative attitudes on EMDR treatment. Some people pointed that the current control study of EMDR does not follow strictly the scientific rules. Thus, proofs of its effectiveness are needed. Moreover, the exploration of the function and mechanism of EMDR in the treatment of traumatic physiology symptoms is still unclear and yet to be proved…]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. 平岡篤武 [Hiraoka Atsutake]. (2006). 子供のための福祉施設で子供とEMDRセッションは、性的逸脱行動を示したこと [EMDR sessions with a child in the welfare facility for children having shown sexual deviant behaviour]. Kodomo no Gyakutai to Negurekuto, 8(1), 29-38.

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
ここでは子供のための福祉施設のケアの逸脱性行動を示す子とEMDRセッションについて報告されている。 1）半構造化面接をするため、自己観察は、被害者への思いやりの実現に向けて子供の可能性に関しての状況を明らかにするために、さらに犠牲者を間違って、積極的な海峡および/または支配の最終的な存在行うことで配置された。また、常軌を逸した性的行動の背後にある可能性経験に基づいて、以前の子供が性的虐待の被害者自身をしていたかどうかを確認する必要があった。 2）それが唯一の光/非重大な逸脱、人は性的虐待された逸脱子供の可能性に反映して、その存在に基づいて、必要と考えられるでしょう一般的にも。 3）は、事件の記録として性的虐待からフラッシュバックを説明し、EMDRは、性的逸脱行動が消失することが効果を適用した。過去のトラウマ記憶EMDR使用することで子供は開発中の通常のイニシアチブ-豊かな生活に戻ったことで、'安全なメモリに変更されました。 4）被害者にされて消えてしまった被害者を有するとの間のリンクとして、保護と介入手段を検討して児童相談センターや福祉施設からの協調努力のために、将来の必要性がある。 [著者抄録]

Here is reported about EMDR sessions with a child showing deviant sexual behaviour, in the care of the Welfare Facility for Children. 1) Semi-structured interviews were arranged in order to clarify the situation with regards to the child's potential for self-observation, compassion for the victim, realization of having done the victim wrong, further the eventual existence of dominating and/or aggressive straits. Further, based upon the possible sexual experience behind the deviant sexual behavior, there was a need to find out whether the child earlier had himself been a victim for sexual abuse. 2) Generally even if it only would be considered a light/non-serious deviance, one should, based upon its presence, reflect upon the possibility of the deviant child having been sexually abused. 3) As the case records describe flashbacks from sexual abuse, the EMDR was applied with the effect that the sexual deviant behaviour disappeared. By using EMDR the past traumatic memory was changed into a 'safe' memory, with the child having returned to normal initiative-rich life under development. 4) As the link between being victim and having victimized has disappeared, there is a future need for a coordinated effort from the Child Guidance Center and the Welfare Facility to consider the protection and intervention methods. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Child Children Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. Qian Ge (2009). 汶川震后心理危机的早期干预:文献综述与评价 [Early mental crisis intervention to post-disaster in Wenchuan Earthquake: Literature review and evaluation]. 兰州学刊 2009年第03期.

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
四）眼动脱敏再加工技术（Eye Movement Desensitizationand Reprocessing，EMDR）EMDR是一种可以在短短数次晤谈之后，便可在不用药物的情形下，有效减轻心理创伤程度及重建希望和信心的治疗方法。其治疗程序包括了八个阶段，具体见表4：表4眼动脱敏再加工技

(Fourthly, EMDR is a treatment which can effectively alleviate the psychological trauma and rebuild hope and confidence after a short period of time for treatment without medication. The treatment procedure includes eight stages, which are shown in details in the table.)

Keywords: Crisis Intervention Literature Review: Wenchuan Earthquake

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. 孙海霞，杨蕴萍 [Sun Hai Xia, Yang Yun Ping]. (2004, August). 眼动脱敏与再加工治疗现状 [The psychotherapy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. 中国临床心理学杂志，2004，12（3）：324 [Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12(3), 324-326].

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
眼动脱敏与再加工(Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ,以下简称EMDR) 由Francine Shapiro 于1987 年创立,最初仅为眼动脱敏( EMD) ,1991 年发展为眼动脱敏与再加工,其中眼动脱敏仅是EMDR 中双侧刺激的一种,而双侧刺激是EMDR 操作中众多组分的一部分。EMDR 是一种整合的心理疗法,它借鉴了控制论(cybernetics) 、精神分析、行为、认知、生理学等多种学派的精华,建构了加速信息处理的模式,帮助患者迅速降低焦虑,并且诱导积极情感、唤起患者对内的洞察、观念转变和行为改变以及加强内部资源,使患者能够达到理想的行为和人际关系改变[1 ] 。本文拟对EMDR 的有关机理与实践应用作一综述。

(Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, hereinafter referred to as EMDR) Francine Shapiro in 1987 by the creation of an initial eye movement desensitization only (EMD), 1991 years of development for the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, which EMDR eye movement desensitization only in a bilateral stimulation, and EMDR bilateral stimulation is part of the operation of many components. EMDR is an integrated psychological therapy, which draw on the control theory (cybernetics), psychoanalysis, behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and other schools of the essence of information processing to speed up construction of the model, to help patients rapidly reduce anxiety, and induce positive affect, arouse patients insight into the internal, the concept of change and behavior change and the strengthening of internal resources, so that patients can achieve the desired changes in behavior and interpersonal relationships [1]. This paper about the mechanism of EMDR reviews the application and practice.

Keywords: Mechanism of Action Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. 李元華 [Li Yuan-Hua]. (2008). 眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法中的療效機制探討：干擾自然眼動對回憶的影響 [The therapeutic mechanism of eye movements in EMDR: The effect of interrupting spontaneous eye movements during recollections]. 國立台灣大學心理學研究所，台灣 [National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Psychology, Taiwan].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
李元華眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法中的療效機制探討：干擾自然眼動對回憶的影響臺灣大學
本研究探討雙側眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法(Eye movement Desensitization and reprocessing; EMDR)中的所扮演的角色，過去研究認為雙側眼動可以降低回憶時的影像鮮明度與情緒強度。本研究除了擬再次驗證此一論點外，同時也提出進一步的假設：雙側眼動干擾了個體在回憶創傷經驗時的自然眼動，進而降低其在回憶時的影像畫面清晰度以及情緒強度。參與者為132名的修習普通心理學的台大學生。本研究操弄三種不同的眼動方式來探討不同的眼動干擾對正、負向自傳式回憶的影像鮮明程度、情緒強度以及心跳速率的影響，並且也記錄了參與者在回憶時自然眼動的方向性，即CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements)。本研究所操弄的眼動變項為眼動組、凝視組以及自然回憶組，眼動組又可分為水平眼動以及垂直眼動二操弄組、凝視組又可分為左凝視與右凝視二操弄組。結果顯示CLEMs的方向性在正負向回憶中是一致的，整體來說偏右向次數大於左向，此並不符合情緒側化理論或情緒右腦理論。另外，相較於非眼動組，眼動組對鮮明度與情緒強度的下降程度最大，凝視組次之，自然回憶組則有上升趨勢。在眼動組中水平或垂直眼動的操弄在鮮明度與情緒強度上並無差異，而凝視組中的右凝視操弄組對影像鮮明度以及情緒強度的下降程度較左凝視操弄組大，此結果並不支持水平雙側眼動的特別療效，也不支持情緒側化理論，而較可能支持情緒右腦理論。在負向回憶時的心跳速率指標方面，眼動組並無上升趨勢，但非眼動組則有上升趨勢出現。研究結果支持眼動干擾了個體在回憶創傷經驗時的自然眼動，進而降低其在回憶時的影像畫面清晰度以及情緒強度。本研究最後對各眼動理論做了討論以提出整合性的觀點。

This study examines the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Previous studies have pointed that eye movements could decrease the vividness and emotionality during imagery. Besides replicating previous studies, this study proposes a hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Participants are 132 NTU undergraduate students enrolled in the general psychology course. This study manipulates three conditions of eye movements in order to realize the effect of different interruptions to vividness, emotionality and heart rate during positive and negative autobiographic recollections. It also records the directions of spontaneous eye movements during recall, namely CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements). The three conditions of the experiment are eye movement, gaze and mere imagery conditions. The eye movement condition is divided into horizontal and vertical movement groups and the gaze condition is divided into left and right gaze groups. Results show that the directions of CLEMs in positive and negative recollections are coherent, however the numbers of rightward gazes are more than leftward gazes. The valence-specific laterality hypothesis and the right hemisphere hypothesis of emotion both are not supported by the findings of CLEMs. In addition, the strongest interruption of vividness and emotionality is eye movement condition, followed by the gaze condition, while increasing in mere imagery condition. Vividness and emotionality are not significantly different between the horizontal and the vertical eye movement groups in the eye movement condition, however, the interruption of vividness and emotionality in the right gaze group is stronger than the left gaze group. According to these findings, the special effect of horizontal eye movements is not supported, neither is valence-specific laterality hypothesis. However, The right hemisphere hypothesis may be supported. In negative recollections, the heart rate does not have any trend in the eye movement condition, but increasing in gaze condition and nearly increasing in mere imagery condition. In summary, the results support the hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Lastly, the study discusses the theories of eye movements in EMDR, and proposes an integrated perspective.[Author abstract]

Keywords: Autobiographic Memory Eye Movement Valence-Specific Hypothesis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. 李元華 [Li YuanHua] (2008). 眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法中的療效機制探討：干擾自然眼動對回憶的影響 [The Therapeutic Mechanism of Eye Movements in EMDR: The effect of interrupting spontaneous eye movements during recollections]. 國立台灣大學，台灣 [National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of PsychologyTaiwan].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
本研究探討的作用眼球運動在眼動脫敏和再加工（EMDR的）。以往的研究指出，眼球運動能降低生動性和情感中的圖像。除了複製以前的研究，本研究提出一個假設：雙側眼球運動中斷了病人的自發性眼球運動創傷的回憶中，減少了生動性和情感性的意象。參加者為 132台大本科生參加了普通心理學課程。本研究操縱三個條件眼球運動，以實現不同的效果中斷生動，情緒和心率在正面和負面的自傳回憶。它也記錄眼球運動方向的自發召回期間，即克萊姆斯（共軛側眼動）。這三個條件的實驗是眼球運動，僅僅是圖像的目光和條件。眼動條件分為水平和垂直運動的團體和凝視條件分為左，右的目光群體。結果表明，該方向的克萊姆斯在正面和負面的回憶是一致的，但數字的右向左凝視超過凝視。價的具體偏側假說和右半球假說的情感都是不支持的調查結果克萊姆斯。此外，最強的中斷生動，情感的是眼睛的運行狀況，其次是凝視條件，而僅僅是提高圖像的條件。生動性和情緒之間沒有顯著不同的水平和垂直眼球運動團體在眼球運動狀況，但是，中斷的生動性和情緒在右凝視組強於左側凝視小組。根據這些發現，特效水平眼球運動不支持，也不是價的具體偏側假說。然而，右半球假說可能得到支持。在負的回憶，心率沒有任何的趨勢，在眼球運動的條件，但越來越多的目光幾乎增加條件和單純的意象條件。總之，結果支持這一假設：雙側眼球運動中斷了病人的自發性眼球運動創傷的回憶中，減少了生動性和情感性的意象。最後，本研究探討的理論眼球運動在EMDR的，並提出一個綜合觀點。

This study examines the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Previous studies have pointed that eye movements could decrease the vividness and emotionality during imagery. Besides replicating previous studies, this study proposes a hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Participants are 132 NTU undergraduate students enrolled in the general psychology course. This study manipulates three conditions of eye movements in order to realize the effect of different interruptions to vividness, emotionality and heart rate during positive and negative autobiographic recollections. It also records the directions of spontaneous eye movements during recall, namely CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements). The three conditions of the experiment are eye movement, gaze and mere imagery conditions. The eye movement condition is divided into horizontal and vertical movement groups and the gaze condition is divided into left and right gaze groups. Results show that the directions of CLEMs in positive and negative recollections are coherent, however the numbers of rightward gazes are more than leftward gazes. The valence-specific laterality hypothesis and the right hemisphere hypothesis of emotion both are not supported by the findings of CLEMs. In addition, the strongest interruption of vividness and emotionality is eye movement condition, followed by the gaze condition, while increasing in mere imagery condition. Vividness and emotionality are not significantly different between the horizontal and the vertical eye movement groups in the eye movement condition, however, the interruption of vividness and emotionality in the right gaze group is stronger than the left gaze group. According to these findings, the special effect of horizontal eye movements is not supported, neither is valence-specific laterality hypothesis. However, The right hemisphere hypothesis may be supported. In negative recollections, the heart rate does not have any trend in the eye movement condition, but increasing in gaze condition and nearly increasing in mere imagery condition. In summary, the results support the hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Lastly, the study discusses the theories of eye movements in EMDR, and proposes an integrated perspective.

Keywords: Autobiographic Memory Valence-Specific Hypothesis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. 李元華, 張素凰 [Li Yuan-Hua, & Chang Sue Hwang] (2008). 眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法中的療效機制探討：干擾自然 [The therapeutic mechanism of eye movements in EMDR: the effect of interrupting spontaneous eye movements during recollections]. 臺灣大學:心理學研究所 [Taiwan: Institute of Psychology].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
本研究探討雙側眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法(Eye movement Desensitization and reprocessing; EMDR)中的所扮演的角色，過去研究認為雙側眼動可以降低回憶時的影像鮮明度與情緒強度。本研究除了擬再次驗證此一論點外，同時也提出進一步的假設：雙側眼動干擾了個體在回憶創傷經驗時的自然眼動，進而降低其在回憶時的影像畫面清晰度以及情緒強度。參與者為132 名的修習普通心理學的台大學生。本研究操弄三種不同的眼動方式來探討不同的眼動干擾對正、負向自傳式回憶的影像鮮明程度、情緒強度以及心跳速率的影響，並且也記錄了參與者在回憶時自然眼動的方向性，即CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements)。本研究所操弄的眼動變項為眼動組、凝視組以及自然回憶組，眼動組又可分為水平眼動以及垂直眼動二操弄組、凝視組又可分為左凝視與右凝視二操弄組。結果顯示CLEMs 的方向性在正負向回憶中是一致的，整體來說偏右向次數大於左向，此並不符合情緒側化理論或情緒右腦理論。另外，相較於非眼動組，眼動組對鮮明度與情緒強度的下降程度最大，凝視組次之，自然回憶組則有上升趨勢。在眼動組中水平或垂直眼動的操弄在鮮明度與情緒強度上並無差異，而凝視組中的右凝視操弄組對影像鮮明度以及情緒強度的下降程度較左凝視操弄組大，此結果並不支持水平雙側眼動的特別療效，也不支持情緒側化理論，而較可能支持情緒右腦理論。在負向回憶時的心跳速率指標方面，眼動組並無上升趨勢，但非眼動組則有上升趨勢出現。研究結果支持眼動干擾了個體在回憶創傷經驗時的自然眼動，進而降低其在回憶時的影像畫面清晰度以及情緒強度。本研究最後對各眼動理論做了討論以提出整合性的觀點。

This study examines the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Previous studies have pointed that eye movements could decrease the vividness and emotionality during imagery. Besides replicating previous studies, this study proposes a hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Participants are 132 NTU undergraduate students enrolled in the general psychology course. This study manipulates three conditions of eye movements in order to realize the effect of different interruptions to vividness, emotionality and heart rate during positive and negative autobiographic recollections. It also records the directions of spontaneous eye movements during recall, namely CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements). The three conditions of the experiment are eye movement, gaze and mere imagery conditions. The eye movement condition is divided into horizontal and vertical movement groups and the gaze condition is divided into left and right gaze groups. Results show that the directions of CLEMs in positive and negative recollections are coherent, however the numbers of rightward gazes are more than leftward gazes. The valence-specific laterality hypothesis and the right hemisphere hypothesis of emotion both are not supported by the findings of CLEMs. In addition, the strongest interruption of vividness and emotionality is eye movement condition, followed by the gaze condition, while increasing in mere imagery condition. Vividness and emotionality are not significantly different between the horizontal and the vertical eye movement groups in the eye movement condition, however, the interruption of vividness and emotionality in the right gaze group is stronger than the left gaze group. According to these findings, the special effect of horizontal eye movements is not supported, neither is valence-specific laterality hypothesis. However, The right hemisphere hypothesis may be supported. In negative recollections, the heart rate does not have any trend in the eye movement condition, but increasing in gaze condition and nearly increasing in mere imagery condition. In summary, the results support the hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Lastly, the study discusses the theories of eye movements in EMDR, and proposes an integrated perspective.This study examines the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Previous studies have pointed that eye movements could decrease the vividness and emotionality during imagery. Besides replicating previous studies, this study proposes a hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Participants are 132 NTU undergraduate students enrolled in the general psychology course. This study manipulates three conditions of eye movements in order to realize the effect of different interruptions to vividness, emotionality and heart rate during positive and negative autobiographic recollections. It also records the directions of spontaneous eye movements during recall, namely CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements). The three conditions of the experiment are eye movement, gaze and mere imagery conditions. The eye movement condition is divided into horizontal and vertical movement groups and the gaze condition is divided into left and right gaze groups. Results show that the directions of CLEMs in positive and negative recollections are coherent, however the numbers of rightward gazes are more than leftward gazes. The valence-specific laterality hypothesis and the right hemisphere hypothesis of emotion both are not supported by the findings of CLEMs. In addition, the strongest interruption of vividness and emotionality is eye movement condition, followed by the gaze condition, while increasing in mere imagery condition. Vividness and emotionality are not significantly different between the horizontal and the vertical eye movement groups in the eye movement condition, however, the interruption of vividness and emotionality in the right gaze group is stronger than the left gaze group. According to these findings, the special effect of horizontal eye movements is not supported, neither is valence-specific laterality hypothesis. However, The right hemisphere hypothesis may be supported. In negative recollections, the heart rate does not have any trend in the eye movement condition, but increasing in gaze condition and nearly increasing in mere imagery condition. In summary, the results support the hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Lastly, the study discusses the theories of eye movements in EMDR, and proposes an integrated perspective.

Keywords: autobiographic Memory Eye Movements Valence-Specific Hypothesis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. スペイツ C.リチャードコッチエレン I. [Spates, C. R., and Koch, E. I.] (2003). 眼球運動脱感作と再処理(Reprocessing)から表出(Exposure)セラピーまで : 共通するメカニズムへの証拠に対する再考と概観 [From eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to exposure therapy: A review of the evidence for shared mechanisms]. 行动分析学研究18（2）、62から76 [Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis, 18(2), 62-76].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
心的外傷後ストレス障害は、（心的外傷後ストレス障害）のすべての文化と生涯を通じて人々に影響を与える条件である。診断実践心的外傷後ストレス障害の導入以来、多くの研究は、疫学、病態生理、心理的、生理的メカニズムだけでなく、その治療に対処しています。障害の行動製剤は、分野の研究をリードの間に浸透して、効果的な治療につながるなど、暴露療法するヒューリスティックを証明されています。眼球運動脱感作は、サービス（EMD/ R）の再処理は、この定式化から出発すると主張している最近開発された介入は、その有効性の実証的な支持を受けています。本記事では、眼球運動脱感作と再処理の行動策定を支持する証拠をレビューし、それが暴露療法と行動の一般的なメカニズムを共有していることを示唆している。以上の研究関心は心的外傷後ストレス障害より寛容と、クライアントと実務に受け入れられるのレンダリング露出ベースの治療法の検討方法に与えられるべきである。

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that affects people in all cultures and throughout the lifespan. Since the introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder into diagnostic practice, a great deal of research has addressed its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and psychological and physiological mechanisms, as well as its treatment. A behavioral formulation of the disorder has prevailed among leading researchers in the field, and has proved heuristic in leading to efficacious treatments, e.g., exposure therapy. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMD/R), a recently developed intervention that claims to be a departure from this formulation, has received empirical support for its efficacy. The present article reviews the evidence supporting a behavioral formulation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and suggests that it shares common mechanisms of action with exposure therapy. Greater research attention should be given to examining ways of rendering exposure-based therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder more tolerant and acceptable to clients and practitioners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. 赵国秋汪永光王义强付素芬唐济生曹日芳 [Zhao Guoqiu, Wang Yongguang, Wang Yiqiang, FU Shufen, Tang Jisheng, & Cao Rifang] (发表时间). 胶济铁路交通事故伤员心理危机干预结果分析 [The Analysis of Intervention for Casualties in the Accident on Jiaoji Railway on April 28]. 中国首届心理咨询师大会暨心理危机干预研讨会论文集.

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
对22名ASD患者进行EMDR治疗，比较EMDR治疗前后的心理行为反应的差异。结果：有22名达到ASD（急性应激障碍）诊断标准，ASD发生率为9.73%，伤员中主要以闯入、警觉性增高表现为主，并伴随着其它的负性情绪体验。女性组心理行为反应结果明显重于男性组，女性组ASD...

(Based on the treatment of EMDR for 22 ASD patients, the comparison of psychological and behavior reaction between and after the treatment is shown. Results: there were 22 patients who reached to the diagnosis standard of ASD (Acute Stress Disorder). The incident rate is 9.73%. The major reaction is the increase of intrusive thoughts and alertness, with some other negative emotional experiences. The result of the psychological and behavior reaction of the female group is evidently stronger than that of the male group. The female group…)

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Jiaoji Railway

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. Opperman-Schmid, F. (2010, June). 5 years of EMDR in a general practioners practise. In Treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study describes the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in clients suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms after recent traumatic experience. Between November 2003 and July 2009, 45 clients of a general medicine practise with stress reactions and inability to work after a recent traumatic event were treated with EMDR. The number of active EMDR sessions varied from 1 to 5 sessions. After this short time of active treatment, everyone of these clients was free of symptoms and able to take up work again. After a three months period, those clients were reinvestigated. Up to this time, none of them had suffered from symptoms of distress or accumulation of trauma memories or inability to go to work. The study shows an interesting aspect in EMDR treatment: general practitioners are the first to be consulted by clients with recent trauma. EMDR is shown to be very effective in treatment of stress symptoms after recent trauma. Consequently, an early intervention with EMDR reduces stress symptoms and the period of inability. This is to promote interest and awareness specially among general practitioners with psychotherapy training.

Keywords: Acute Stress Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. Sime, W., (2002). Absorption, concentration, dissociation, desensitization, flow and neurofeedback: The essence of Tiger Woods performing optimally focused "In the zone". Winter Brain Meeting.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Absorption that allows an athlete, a surgeon, an astronaut or a musician to get into the Zone, i.e., to block out all distractions unrelated to performance has been assessed by Tellegen, Csikszentmihalyi and others in self-report measures. It occurs relatively rarely at the very highest levels and is very elusive to achieve. Qualitatively speaking, it is the phenomena of being totally immersed in the activity with time moving slowly, senses being sharpened, but pain not recognized. Thoughts and images are clear and controllable while physical performance seems effortless and automatic. To measure this phenomenon accurately and completely is not possible in a dynamic state, but to shape it's appearance and to extend duration is essential in finite psychomotor skills like golf. Physical preparation for performance is mentally grueling and fatiguing. If often results in trance-like, dis-associative and sometimes dissociative states where depersonalization is a valuable technique to block out the intense suffering and pain associated with running, swimming or bicycling. The difficulty in sport is being able to switch in and out of full alertness for some strategic tasks while remaining in the dissociative state for endurance. The experience of flow, absorption and being in the zone is to harness power and ultimately unleash explosive yet finely titrated effort. Concentration is the umbrella concept that also encompasses EMDR. The process of actively shifting eye focus from left to right while striving to hold an image or statement of emotionality is exceedingly difficult and ultimately beyond control. The combination of EMDR with neurofeedback is an innovative intervention that holds potential for greater impact in removing negative images of failed effort or in solidifying the recall of a successful effort. The neurofeedback serves to reinforce the development of greater mental stamina toward intensively focus comparable to zooming in a camera lens thus blocking out distractions and irrelevant stimuli. Enhanced quality of visualization is the desired outcome for the performance enhancement sport psychology consultant and his/her client.

Keywords: Absorption Concentration Dissociation Desensitization Flow Neurofeedback Performance Enhancement Tiger Woods The Zone

Accuracy Verified: No

18. Talwar, S. (2007, February). Accessing traumatic memory through art making: An art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP). The Arts in Psychotherapy, 34(1), 22-35. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2006.09.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In this article I propose an art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP) designed to address the non-verbal core of traumatic memory. Trauma theorists [van der Kolk, B.A. (2003). Frontiers in trauma treatment. Presented at the R. Cassidy Seminars, St. Louis, MO 2004; Steele, W. & Raider, M. (2001). Structured Sensory Intervention for Traumatized Children, Adolescents and Parents-Strategies to Alleviate Trauma. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press] have endorsed alternative treatment methods such as eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), body-based psychotherapy, and expressive arts therapy as an alternative to verbal psychotherapy. Following an overview of the role of memory and emotions in trauma and theories of art making and brain function, I describe a protocol that has had success in integrating the cognitive, emotional and physiological levels of trauma drawing on EMDR, McNamee’s bilateral art and Michelle Cassou’s method of painting. A one-session example serves to illustrate its use.

Keywords: Arts Bilateral Art Body-Based Psychotherapy Expressive Arts

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. Savneet, T. (2007). Accessing traumatic memory through art making: An art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP). The Arts in Psychotherapy, 34(1), 22-35. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2006.09.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In this article I propose an art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP) designed to address the non-verbal core of traumatic memory. Trauma theorists [van der Kolk, B.A. (2003). Frontiers in trauma treatment. Presented at the R. Cassidy Seminars, St. Louis, MO 2004; Steele, W. & Raider, M. (2001). Structured Sensory Intervention for Traumatized Children, Adolescents and Parents-Strategies to Alleviate Trauma. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press] have endorsed alternative treatment methods such as eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), body-based psychotherapy, and expressive arts therapy as an alternative to verbal psychotherapy. Following an overview of the role of memory and emotions in trauma and theories of art making and brain function, I describe a protocol that has had success in integrating the cognitive, emotional and physiological levels of trauma drawing on EMDR, McNamee's bilateral art and Michelle Cassou's method of painting. A one-session example serves to illustrate its use.

Keywords: Art Therapy Art Therapy Trauma Protocol ATTP Creative Arts Therapy Creativity Emotions Memory Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. Bergmann, U. (2011, August). Acute, chronic and complex PTSD: Exploring their neuroendocrinology and relationship to medically unexplained symptoms. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
What exactly happens on a neuroendocrine level in acute, chronic and complex PTSD? Is there a relationship between this unusual neuroendocrine profile and a number of medical disorders of unknown origin which, often, do not respond to traditional symptomatic medical treatment? This seminar will review and examine the results of extensive neuroendocrine research relative to these trauma-induced disorders. The data from these research bases will be integrated with neuroendocrine research findings regarding autoimmune compromises associated with chronic trauma. Anomalous conditions, such as Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Sjogren’s Syndrome, and Rheumatoid Arthritis will be examined. This presentation will illustrate the neuroendocrine and causal relationship between the various forms of PTSD and these medical disorders. Accordingly, the implications for treatment will be examined.

Keywords: Acute PTSD Chronic PTSD Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Medically-Unexplained Sysmptoms Neuroendocrinology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. Bergmann, U. (2012, October). Acute, chronic and complex PTSD: Exploring their neuroendocrinology and relationship to medically unexplained symptoms. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Acute PTSD Chronic PTSD Complex PTSD Medically Unexplained Symptoms Neuroendocrinology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. Forgash, C.A. (2002, November). Addressing dissociation and its negative impact on the physical health of the adult sexual abuse survivor: An integrated EMDR and ego state treatment approach. Presentation at the International Society for the Study of Dissociation Fall Conference, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Dissociation Ego State Therapy Sexual Abuse Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. Blore, D. C. (2005). Affect and traumatised traincrew: Using an integrated CBT/EMDR approach to facilitate an early return to work. Integrating Affect into the Practice of CBT with EMDR. Symposium conducted at the XXXVth EABCT Conference, Thessalonica, Greece.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Symposium Trainmen

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. Sinici, F., Erden, H. G., & Yurttas, Y. (2009, October). Akut stres bozuklu¤unda bir müdahale tekni¤inin uygulanabilirli¤i: Göz hareketleri ile duyars›zlaflt›rma ve yeniden ‹flleme (EMDR) [Applicability of an intervention technique in acute stress disorder: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Yeni Symposium Journal, 47(4), 178-186.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Akut stres bozukluğu, Türkiye'de giderek artan ve kişinin hayat kalitesini oldukça bozabilen bir sorundur. Bu konuyla ilgili olarak yapılan çalışmalarda hangi tedavi şeklinin daha yararlı olduğu konusunda kesin bir karara varılamamıştır. Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: EMDR] tekniği, travmatik anıların birkaç uygulama oturumunda çözümlenebileceğini ifâde eden bir yaklaşımdır. EMDR oturumlarında hastadan yaşadığı bir travma sahnesi hayâl etmesini, olumsuz benlik imajı, travma ile ilgili olumsuz duyguları ve beden duyumlarını aklında tutması istenmektedir. Hastaya çift taraflı uyarı verilmektedir [gözün sağa sola hareketi, sağ ve sol kulağa verilen ses veya sağ ve sol ele verilen titreşim vb.]. Daha sonra danışana ortaya çıkan görüntü, duygu ve fiziksel duyumları anlatmaktadır. Bu tekrarlanan işlemler hastadaki olumsuz düşünce ve duygular duyarsızlaşıncaya kadar devam etmektedir. Olumsuz duygu ve düşüncelerin yerini olumlu duygu ve düşünceler almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı hastaların hayat kalitelerini bozan ve travma sonrasındaki ilk 4 hafta içinde aşırı korku, çaresizlik veya duygusal tepkisizlikle beraber, diğer belirtilerin de görülebildiği akut stres bozukluğunun tedavisinde yeni bir yöntem olan ve 2 yıldır aktif olarak uyguladığımız göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme [EMDR] tekniği konusunda yazılmış literatür bilgilerini gözden geçirerek bu konuda son yaklaşımların ortaya konulmasını sağlamaktır. Bununla birlikte EMDR tekniğinin yaygınlaştırılarak faâl olarak kullanılması hem hastalar hem de uygulayıcılar açısından büyük yararlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Acute stress disorder is a syndrome that significantly disturbs the quality of life and has been increasingly observed in Turkey. Although there are many studies on this subject, there is no consensus about the best treatment choice. Eye Movements Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR] technique is a novel approach that helps to resolve traumatic memories in a few sessions. In EMDR sessions, patients are asked to think about the trauma scene that has occurred and keep the negative self image and negative feelings about the trauma and bodily feelings in mind. Bilateral stimulation is presented to the patient [right and left movement of the eye, sound to right and left ear and vibration to right and left hand etc]. Later arising images express the feelings and physical sensations. This procedure is repeated until desensitization to negative thought and feelings are achieved. Negative thought and feelings are replaced by positive thought and feelings. Purpose of this study is to review the studies in literature and describe the up-to-date approaches about EMDR technique which is a novel method in treatment of acute stress disorder that disturbs patient quality of life and presents with excessive fear, desperation, emotional desensitization and other symptoms within 4 weeks following the trauma and we have been using this treatment method frequently for more then 2 years. Nevertheless widespread and effective use of EMDR will provide considerable benefit for both patients and the performers.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Behavior Therapy Emotional Disorder Eye Movement Fear Human Memory Disorder Psychologic Assessment Quality of Life Review Stimulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment (2001, April). Alert: EMDR - Psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people - early assessment briefs. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU).

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Findings by SBU Alert, Version: 1,
METHOD AND TARGET GROUP: EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
PATIENTS BENEFITS, RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS: Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS: There are no economic assessments of EMDR. Limited data suggest that fewer treatments are needed to achieve the desired outcome with EMDR compared to other psychotherapeutic methods. This suggests that EMDR is a potentially cost-effective method in relation to the alternatives, under the assumption that the effects of treatment are permanent.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE: There is moderate* scientific evidence to show the benefits of EMDR treatment in children and adolescents. There is no* documentation concerning the cost-effectiveness or effects beyond 6 months. Since the scientific documentation is limited, the effects of EMDR treatment in both the short and long term should be compared in studies with other treatment alternatives, including standard treatment. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the method should be studied under Swedish conditions. *This assessment by SBU Alert uses a 4-point scale to grade the quality and evidence of the scientific documentation. The grades indicate: (1) good, (2) moderate, (3) poor, or (4) no scientific evidence on the subject. This summary is based on a report prepared at SBU in collaboration with Kerstin Bergh Johannesson, Lic. Psychol., Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala and has been reviewed by Prof. Mats Fredriksson, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
REFERENCES: 1.) Cahill SP, Carrigan MH, Frueh BC. Does EMDR work? And if so, why? A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):5-33. 2.) Chemtob CM, Nakashima J, Hamada R, Carlson J. Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related PTSD: a field study. J Clin Psychol, in press. 3.) Chemtob et al. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In: Foa EB, Keane TM, Friedman MJ, eds. Effective treatments for PTSD. New York: Guilford, 2000. 4.) Devilly GJ, Spence SH. The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorders. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):131-57. 5.) Lovett J. Small Wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: Free Press, 1999. 6.) Macklin ML, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Berry NJ, Orr SP, Pitman RK. Five-year follow-up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat-related post traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2000;41(1),24-27. 7.) Puffer MK, Greenwald R, Elrod DE. A treatment outcome study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized children and adolescents. Presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Denver, June 1996. 8.) Renfrey G, Spates CR. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A partial dismantling procedure. J Behav Ther Experiment Psychiatr 1994;25:231-239. 9.) Scheck MM, Schaeffer JA, Gilette CS. Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. J Trauma Stress 1998;11:25-44. 10.) Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures. New York: Guilford Press, 1995. 11.) Stallard P, Velleman R, Baldwin S. Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents. BMJ 1998;317:1619-1623. 12.) Soberman GB, Greenwald R, Rule DL. A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. J Aggression Maltreatment Trauma, in press. 13.) Tinker RH, Wilson SA. Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with children. New York: Norton & Co, 1999. 14.) van der Kolk B. Biological response to psychic trauma. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York: Plenum Press, 1993:25-33. 15.) van der Kolk B, Burbridge J, Susuki J. The psychobiology of traumatic memory; clinical implications of neuroimagery studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997;821:99-113. 16.) van Etten M, Taylor S. Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 1998;5:126-144. 17.) Wilson SA, Becker LA, Tinker RH. Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65(6):1047-1056. 18.) Wilson SA, Tinker RH, Hoff.
Alert is a joint effort by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), the Medical Products Agency, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Federation of Swedish County Councils. The complete report is available in Swedish only.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Guidelines PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. Phillips, M. (2002, June). All for one and one for all: Integrating EMDR, ego-state therapy and energy psychology. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One of the most challenging barriers to healing from past trauma is the inner conflict triggered by dissociative fragmentation. This workshop presents several ways of synthesizing ego-state therapy, EMDR and energy psychology methods to resolve competing inner needs and reactions and promote more integrated functioning within a comprehensive four stage model. Specific protocols incorporating ego-state work, EMDR and meridian (energy) techniques will be demonstrated and practiced. Special emphasls will be given to the resolution of mind/body symptoms that interface with trauma.

Keywords: Ego State Therapy Energy Psychology Meridian Therapy Mind/Body

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. Formenti, L. (2008, Novembre). Alleanza terapeutica nel trattamento di bambini vittime di disastri collettivi [Therapeutic alliance in the treatment of child victims of mass disasters]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nel lavoro verrà trattata la centralità dell’alleanza terapeutica in un intervento sul trauma effettuato su bambini vittime di disastri collettivi. L’autore illustrerà come tale alleanza risulta essere propedeutica al trattamento con EMDR e quanto sia fondamentale, per una piene riuscita della terapia, la creazione di un’alleanza allargata, che raggiunga anche i genitori e più in generale tutte le figure di accudimento che ruotano attorno ai bambini. Offrire supporto psicologico e EMDR ai genitori, infatti, accresce l’efficacia del trattamento nei bambini in quanto: • L’accordo con i genitori sulle attività terapeutiche che verranno svolte e sugli obiettivi di tale intervento, facilita il lavoro del terapeuta nella fase di preparazione del bambino. • La psicoeducazione fatta al genitore permette a quest’ultimo di aiutare il proprio bambino nello sviluppo di risorse aggiuntive per il contenimento emotivo, utili sia in fase di preparazione che durante la vera e propria elaborazione del trauma. • Il benessere del genitore porta ad una risoluzione più rapida della sintomatologia del bambino, spesso determinata o aggravata proprio dall’intuizione del bambino circa il disagio del genitore e dal suo tentativo di porvi rimedio. Tutto ciò verrà esposto con l’ausilio di due casi clinici di bambini trattati a seguito dell’incidente avvenuto in data 8 maggio 2007 a Stroppiana (VC) nel quale un pullman contenente tutti i bambini della scuola elementare si è ribaltato. 39 bambini sono sopravvissuti, 2 hanno perso la vita.

The work will be treated the centrality of the therapeutic alliance in a speech carried on trauma on child victims of collective disaster. The author illustrates how this alliance appears to be preparatory treatment with EMDR and the fundamental for a full success of therapy, the creation of an enlarged alliance, which also reaches parents and more generally all caregivers that revolve around children. Offer psychological support and EMDR to Parents, in fact, increases the effectiveness of treatment in children because: • The agreement with parents about therapeutic activities to be carried out and the objectives of such intervention, the therapist facilitates the work in preparing the child • The parent psychoeducation made to allow him to help your child development of additional resources for emotional content, useful both during preparation and during the actual processing of the trauma • The welfare of the parent leads to a more rapid resolution of symptoms of child, often determining or increasing the child's own intuition about the inconvenience the parent and its attempt to remedy. This will be explained with the help of two clinical cases of children treated after incident occurred on 8 May 2007 Stroppiana (VC) in which a bus containing all primary school children was overturned. 39 children survivors, 2 have died.

Keywords: Children Mass Disaster Therapeutic Alliance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. Yule, W. (2002). Alleviating the effects of war and displacement on children. Traumatology, 8(3), 160-180. doi:10.1177/153476560200800304.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The mental health of children is severely compromised by war and consequent displacement. Nations have a duty under various UN agreements to alleviate the effects of war on children’s mental health. This paper argues that fostering mental health in communities starts with re-establishing safety, basic health needs, education and recreation. School and other community leaders need education in recognising stress reactions and in providing basic first aid. Large-scale programmes need to be developed and validated for delivery following wars and disasters. Once such validated programme is described. Small group and individual work is also needed. As long as wars and disasters happen, so the international mental health community needs to prepare positively to meet the predictable, but usually unexpected needs.

Keywords: Displaced Children Large Scale Intervention Refugee Children Traumatic Events Traumatization UNICEF War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. Oglesby, C. (1995). Alternative strategies for dealing with trauma and trauma in sport. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP), New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Building upon the theory and research of Wolpe's Systematic Desensitization, a new approach has been developed for reintegrating trawmrtic events and holds promise for work with athletes at a variety of skill levels. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a brief intervention which enhances the individual's own in order to become perceived as insunnountable obstacles to the athlete's progress. This presentation will provide a brief overview of Shapiro's EMDR approach and describe the technique in genera1 terms. Qualification necessary to use the approach will be described as well as ways to network with EMDR-trained professionals. Two case studies of the use of this technique with athletes will be presented.

Keywords: Sports Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

30. Lovett, J. M. (1998). Am I real?: Mobilizing inner strength to develop a mature identity. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st ed.) (pp. 191-216). New York: Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Chris was a 44-year old woman who had extremely low self-esteem, depression, panic attacks, and symptoms of dissociation when she began EMDR-facilitated therapy. Eye movement was used initially to reinforce healthy beliefs, physical sensations, and feelings related to experiences of safety, competence, well-being, and success based on prior learning. EMDR was then employed to target painful memories of childhood scenes with her parents, as well as erroneous beliefs and feelings of intense anxiety. Although none of the memories targeted occurred before age 5, the "white empty feeling" that was targeted seemed to represent the earlier deprivation. The desired positive cognition "I am significant" became the "umbrella cognition" containing various "sub-cognitions" (such as "I am loveable," "I deserve respect," and "I can take care of my needs").As Chris reprocessed traumatic childhood memories with EMDR, more and more of these sub-cognitions were integrated. Progress was not linear, but reprocessing the client's issues as she presented them gradually led to a more stable, flexible, and resilient sense of self. Eventually, the negative self-assessments dissipated. After 18 sessions Chris felt strong and confident, fully present, and eager to be involved in intimate relationships that were based on mutual respect. [Text, pp. 215-216] [Pilots]

Keywords: Adults Americans Anxiety Disorders Case Report Child Abuse Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Females Life Experiences Neglect Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Esteem Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Garcia, F. (2011, Julio). Aplicacion de EDMR en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos [Application of EMDR in the treatment of various disorders]. Presentación en la IX Congreso Nacional de Psicología Clínica, San Sebastian, España.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR es actualmente un acercamiento psicoterapéutico reconocido como tratamiento efectivo del trauma (American Psychiatric Association, 2004; Bisson y Andrew, de 2007; Bleich et al, 2002;. CREST, 2003; Foa et al, 2009; Niza, 2005). El trauma produce un cambio en nuestro sentido del yo, en nuestro sentido del significado del mundo, de su seguridad, de su racionalidad, existe un “antes y después” a nivel vivencial. La psicóloga Francine Shapiro observó que bajo ciertas condiciones el movimiento ocular puede reducir la intensidad de los pensamientos perturbadores, a partir de esta observación estudió científicamente este efecto y en 1989, informó del éxito al utilizar EMDR en el tratamiento de víctimas de trauma en el Journal of Traumatic Stress. Desde entonces, EMDR se ha desarrollado y ha evolucionado a través de las contribuciones de terapeutas e investigadores de todo el mundo. Estudios controlados en víctimas de Vietnam, abusos, accidentes, víctimas de catástrofes..., indican que EMDR es un método eficaz en el tratamiento del TEPT (trastorno por estrés postraumático), siendo también efectivo en el tratamiento de otras problemáticas como dolor crónico, trastornos psicosomáticos, problemas de apego, malos tratos y adopción.(Shapiro and Forrest, 1997; Shapiro, 2002; Shapiro, 2007; Van Der Kolk et al, 1997). El EMDR está basado en un modelo de "procesamiento adaptativo de la información" (Shapiro, 1991), que postula que la experiencia (los sentimientos, pensamientos y sensaciones) se transforma normalmente en aprendizaje adaptativo (Shapiro, 2001). Presentamos aquí este abordaje terapéutico, con una primera intervención que muestra las bases del EMDR y su aplicación en el dolor crónico y tres comunicaciones más en las que, a partir de la presentación de un caso, se mostrará la aplicación de los protocolos de tratamiento para los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, problemas adaptativos en niños adoptados y la violencia doméstica en menores.

EMDR is now recognized as a psychotherapeutic approach effective treatment of trauma (American Psychiatric Association, 2004, Bisson and Andrew, 2007, Bleich et al, 2002,. CREST, 2003, Foa et al, 2009, Nice, 2005). The trauma causes a change in our sense of self, our sense of meaning of the world, their security, their rationality, there is a "before and after" to experiential level. The psychologist Francine Shapiro observed that under certain conditions eye movement can reduce the intensity of disturbing thoughts, from this observation scientifically studied this effect and in 1989, reported the successful using EMDR to treat trauma victims in the Journal of Traumatic Stress. Since then, EMDR has developed and evolved through contributions of therapists and researchers from around the world. Controlled studies in Victims of Vietnam, abuse, accident, disaster victims ... indicate that EMDR is a effective method in treating PTSD (PTSD), with also effective in treating other problems such as chronic pain disorders psychosomatic problems of addiction, abuse and adoption. (Shapiro and Forrest, 1997; Shapiro, 2002; Shapiro, 2007; Van Der Kolk et al, 1997). EMDR is based on a model of "adaptive processing of information "(Shapiro, 1991), which postulates that the experience (feelings, thoughts and feelings) becomes normally adaptive learning (Shapiro, 2001). We present here this therapeutic approach, with the first intervention shows the basics of EMDR and its application in chronic pain and three more communications where, from the case report will show the application of protocols of treatment for eating disorders, problems adaptive adopted children and domestic violence on children.

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. Srivastava, U., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2008, September). Application of EMDR in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A case study. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(2), 163-172.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article presents a case study applying Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in major depressive disorder. The study describes the application of Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model in the treatment of major depressive disorder and explores the use of EMDR with a 30 year old woman experiencing depressive symptoms with 3 suicidal attempts in 5 years. Due to strong negative reactions to psychiatric medicines, her treatment was discontinued several times and she was referred for psychotherapeutic intervention. After 9 EMDR treatment sessions, her depression was completely cured; her coping improved and other symptoms of anxiety and social withdrawal were completely controlled. Effects were checked and found maintained up to 6 months follow up. The clinical implications of application of EMDR have been explored.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Bilateral Stimulation BLS Case Study Depression EMs Eye Movements Major Depressive DIsorder Somatic Symptoms BHUJ experience.

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Manfield, P., & Shapiro, F. (2003). The application of EMDR to the treatment of personality disorders. In J. F. Magnavita (Ed.), Handbook of Personality Disorders: Theory and Practice (pp. 304-330). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Since its inception in 1987, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has evolved into an integrated approach to psychotherapy that synthesizes aspects of the major psychological orientations. As such, its comprehensive treatment effects span cognitive, somatic, and affective domains (Shapiro, 2002). Although most widely used to process single or multiple incident traumatic memories, it can be used effectively to treat many conditions. In this chapter, we describe the theoretical foundations of this approach and how it is used to treat personality disorders. A fundamental principle of the Adaptive Information Processing Model is that present disturbance and dysfunctional characteristics have their origins in past events; these antecedents, whether identified or not, can be processed to an adaptive resolution using EMDR. In treating personality disorders, the EMDR approach integrates procedures from many other orientations to stabilize clients and equip them to address their source memories. The accelerated processing of disturbing memories that takes place during EMDR makes it possible for clients to address and resolve their issues relatively rapidly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Personality Disorders Psychotherapeutic Processes Theories

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. De Divitiis, A. M. (2010, June). Application of resource development and installation (RDI) in delivery preparation in order to prevent post partum depression. In Female issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
According to the latest statistical evidence Post-Partum Depression develops in approximately 13% of women during the second -third month after childbirth with symptoms lasting between few weeks and a year and risks of relapse. Unlike the Baby Blues (affecting 70% of mothers, with onset in the 3'd - 6" day after delivery and spontaneous recovery within approximately two weeks), likely to be caused basically by hormone modifications in the immediate aftermath of childbirth. PPD development would seem to be solely determined by psychological factors: the experience of childbirth, the surfacing of unresolved problems in the relationships with attachment figures, the change in the woman's role both in the social sphere and within the couple relationship, the fear of being unable to adequately attend to the new responsibilities (both in terms of skills and of the ability to cope with the additional workioad), etc. Consequently, women experiencing childbirth as a traumatic experience are more destabilized by the event, and therefore. at a higher risk of developing PPD. Childbirth requires the deployment of many personal resources. A woman in labor must be able to bear the pain, while having to "push", 1.e. contrast the automatic antalgic reaction (which would close the delivery channel) and "meeting the pain", during the "expulsion" phase. Considering that "Peak Performances" require moving out of a person's comfort zone and stretching a person's boundaries, childbirth experience can be rightfully considered a "Peak Performance". This work describes RDI application times and modes during Delivery Preparation in order to strengthen the different personal resources needed by pregnant women to experience her childbirth as an ego syntonic experience. In this sense, RDI associated with EMDR can be considered an actual Primary Prevention intervention, capable of teaching women something positive about themselves, thus effectively offsetting the onset of PPD. Furthermore the results of the application of this technique collected during the Post-Partum phase on 48 women will be discussed. Learning objectives: 1 identification of the specific issues predisposing the development of PTSD due to Childbirth and of Post-Partum Depression. 2. Framing Childbirth as a Peak Performance. 3 Learning RDI (Resource Development and Installation) application through Bilateral Stimuli during Delivery Preparation Courses.

Keywords: Delivery Preparation Female Issues Resource Development and Installation RDI Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

35. Vos, S. M. (2005, December). An application of the transtheoretical model to a case of sexual trauma in middle childhood. University of Stellenbosch. doi:10019.1/2938 .

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study demonstrates the use of the transtheoretical model in the context of sexual trauma in middle childhood. Exploring contemporary literature I found that there is no literature in South Africa available on this topic. It was not until 1997 that the transtheoretical model was implemented internationally with regard to sexual abuse. Taking this in consideration, I realised that there was much scope for exploring, discovering and reflecting on the transtheoretical model and its use within the boundaries of childhood sexual trauma. A qualitative case study within the social constructivist/interpretive paradigm, was chosen as research design. The study involved a participant in middle childhood. Elna (pseudonym) was selected from referrals from the Child Protection Unit of the South African Police Services to the Unit for Educational Psychology at Stellenbosch. The reason for referring Elna to the Unit was because of the negative and diverse effects sexual trauma had on her life story. The study explores the transtheoretical model and the appropriateness thereof as alternative treatment model in a case of sexual trauma, as well as insight into progression of the client in the therapeutic process. Data was collected by means of interviews and therapy sessions during which Narrative therapy, EMDR, sandtray therapy (used in a narrative context) and art therapy techniques were used in an integrated manner. The data was analysed by means of interpreting codes, categories and themes. The study concluded with a discussion of the findings and a reflection on the impact the use of the transtheoretical model had on me as a research-therapist-in-training. The literature review and the findings of this research suggest that the transtheoretical model can be applied effectively to a case of sexual trauma in middle childhood. The use of the model also gives insight into progression of the client in the therapeutic process. Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.

Keywords: Narrative Therapy South Africa Transtheoretical Model

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. Villa, M., & Sangiovanni, L. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dell’EMDR ad una nuova popolazione: I pazienti posturali con dolore cronico e con deficit percettivi [Applying EMDR to a new population: Patients postural with chronic pain and perceptual deficits]. Presentazione al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Lo studio riguarda l’applicazione dell’EMDR ai Pazienti affetti da “Sindrome da deficit posturale” (Da Cuña). Il problema coinvolge il 10% della popolazione, di cui il 15% è sintomatico. È di difficile inquadramento, dato che i sintomi somatici che presenta coinvolgono tutti e tre i versanti delle regolazioni automatiche: dolori muscolo-scheletrici migranti, derivanti da disordini posturali; pseudovertigini, da deficit di localizzazione spaziale; disturbi cognitivi (fino alla dislessia), da alterata integrazione percettiva. Le modalità compensatorie a tali deficit possono investire la sfera psicologica (senso profondo di inadeguatezza, ansia, depressione...), sviluppare atteggiamenti strategici di evitamento (agorafobia da deficit di orientamento spaziale), spingere a interpretare reazioni fisiche come se fossero psicologiche (attacchi di panico, enuresi notturna…). Proprio il sottile intreccio tra aspetti somatici e psicologici rende complessa la diagnosi; può capitare infatti che un paziente con problemi di questa natura si rivolga a un terapista somatico (posturologo, osteopata…), che non coglie il problema. Abbiamo così messo a punto un sistema diagnostico che riconosca se l’aspetto psichico sia conseguenza di un vero disturbo somatico o se invece sostenga una serie di somatizzazioni tendenzialmente derivanti da traumi. Nell’uno o nell’altro caso, l’utilizzo dell’EMDR può essere risolutivo: evidentemente sul versante traumatico, ma pure per la desensibilizzazione delle convinzioni negative derivate dalle strategie psicologiche reattive al deficit somatico. Metodi. La valutazione diagnostica e le variazioni sintomatologiche sono state effettuate con DSMIV, SWAP-200, SCL90-R, TAS 20, VAS, anamnesi posturologica, kinesiologia, posturodinamica, riflessi primitivi e sensoriali, valutazione osteopatica, Maddox, stabilometria basale e con challenges). Risultati. Gli interventi su misura hanno ridotto la sintomatologia, come è rappresentato dalle rilevazioni effettuate e dai feedback dei pazienti. La conoscenza integrata, sia che il primo approccio sia psicologico o posturale, consente una diagnosi accurata e dunque una strategia terapeutica sinergica efficace che permette di sbloccare terapie cronicizzate.

The study concerns the application of EMDR in patients with "postural deficiency syndrome" (Da Cuna). The problem affects 10% of the population, of which 15% are symptomatic. It is classification difficult, because the somatic symptoms presenting involving all three sides automatic adjustments: musculoskeletal pain migrants from postural disorders; pseudovertigini, spatial localization deficit, cognitive problems (up to dyslexia), from altered perceptual integration. The methods compensatory these deficits can invest the ball psychological (deep sense of inadequacy, anxiety, depression ...), develop attitudes strategic avoidance (agoraphobia deficit spatial orientation), push to interpret physical reactions as if they were psychological (panic attacks, nocturnal enuresis ...). Just the subtle interplay between somatic and psychological aspects makes it difficult to diagnose and can in fact happen that a patient with problems of this nature, please ask a somatic therapy (Posture, osteopath ...), who misses the problem. We have thus developed a diagnostic system that recognize if the appearance is the result of a true mental disorder or whether it supports somatic a series of somatization tendency resulting from trauma. In either case, use EMDR can be resolutely on the side obviously traumatic, but also for desensitization of the negative beliefs derived from psychological strategies responsive to deficit somatic. Methods. The diagnostic evaluation and symptom changes are were made with DSMIV, SWAP-200, SCL90-R, TAS 20, VAS, history Posture, kinesiology, posturodinamica, primitive reflexes and sensory evaluation osteopathic, Maddox, stabilometry baseline and challenges). Results. Tailored interventions have reduced symptomatology, as represented by the surveys conducted and feedback from patients. The integrated knowledge, whether the first approach is psychological or postural, allows a diagnosis accurate and therefore a therapeutic strategy that allows you to unlock synergistic effective therapies chronic.

Keywords: Chronic Pain Perceptual Deficits

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. De Sensi Fontera, A. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dell’EMDR i soggetto di 9 anni affetto da ADHD [Applying EMDR the subject of 9 years with ADHD]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
L’EMDR è stato applicato in un caso di una ragazza d’anni nove, Iris, affetta da ADHD (DSM – IV F90. 0). L’EMDR è stato integrato in un percorso di psicoterapia classica e con interventi sull’interazione dei sistemi Famiglia, Sanità, Scuola. L’EMDR è stato rivolto anche alle figure parentali per elaborare alcuni degli eventi traumatici che avevano contribuito allo sviluppo del disturbo nella bambina e, in particolare, per la madre sulla diagnosi. Il ruolo dell’EMDR è stato significativo nella risoluzione dei sintomi e ha contribuito all’efficacia dell’intervento complessivo. E’ stato particolarmente efficace per la risoluzione della “coazione a ripetere” e per l’integrazione intrapsichica della personalità d’Iris.

EMDR has been applied in a case of a girl of nine years, Iris, who suffers from ADHD (DSM -- IV F90. 0). EMDR has been integrated into a course of psychotherapy and classical interventions interaction of the family system, Health, School. EMDR has been addressed also to the figures parental to process some of the traumatic events that had contributed to the development of disorder in children and, in particular, for the mother on the diagnosis. The role of EMDR was significant in the resolution of symptoms and has contributed to the effectiveness of the intervention overall. It 'been particularly effective for the resolution of the "repetition compulsion" and Integration Intrapsychic personality of Iris.

Keywords: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. Verzolatto, N. (2008, Novembre). Applicazioni patriche dell'EMDR in ambito ospedaliero [Applications practice EMDR in hospitals]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In ambito ospedaliero l’intervento psicologico presenta peculiarità che rispondono ad alcune caratteristiche come : - la velocità di intervento; - l’ esigenza di applicare protocolli rapidi ed efficaci. La necessità della rapidità è data dal fatto che il paziente allettato è generalmente in sofferenza fisica (spesso è presente dolore) oltre che psicologica e quindi non disponibile ad indagini ed interventi di tipo tradizionale (come assesment prolungati o studio approfondito della biografia); l’efficacia è intesa nel senso che gli strumenti devono centrare la domanda dell’inviante, che solitamente non è il paziente ma il reparto di degenza, e devono intervenire sul disagio del paziente che spesso esprime sintomi specifici. Generalmente i motivi per i quali vengono richieste le consulenze sono ascrivibili ad alcune precise categorie diagnostiche quali: -PTSD e PTSD sottosoglia. Riguardano generalmente: le comunicazioni di diagnosi gravi e/o prognosi infausta, sia nel paziente che nel familiare; eventi traumatici quali la violenza sessuale e domestica, traumi per incidenti, traumi per ricoveri in reparti particolari come le Stroke Unit o le Unità di Rianimazione). -disturbi d’ansia e DAP. Rientrano in questa categoria le consulenze per le fobie per sala operatoria, per l’anestesia, la paura del non risveglio e i timori per esiti del post-interveto (per es. nel caso di prostatectomie o laringectomie). Nei casi sopra citati l’uso dell’EMDR diventa spesso lo strumento d’elezione per le peculiarità proprie che rispondono perfettamente alle caratterizzazioni sopra citate. Nell’workshop si confronterà l’esperienza di tale attività e si discuterà di come l’uso dell’EMDR risponda per efficacia e velocità alle esigenze sopra esplicitate.

Psychological intervention in the hospital has special features that meet certain characteristics such as: - The speed of intervention; - 'S need to implement protocols for rapid and effective. The need for speed is the fact that the patient is usually bedridden physical suffering (pain is often present) as well as psychological and therefore not available to traditional investigations and interventions (such as prolonged or assesment study of the biography); effectiveness is understood that the instruments must hit dell'inviante demand, which is usually not the patient but the ward and must act on the discomfort of the patient often expresses specific symptoms. Usually the reasons for which are claimed are attributable to some specific advice diagnostic categories such as: -PTSD and subthreshold PTSD. Generally relate to: the Communications Diagnostic serious and / or poor prognosis, both in the patient in family trauma such as sexual and domestic violence, trauma caused by accidents, trauma admissions to particular departments as the Stroke Unit or the Intensive Care Unit) . -Anxiety disorders and CAD. This category includes advice for phobias to the operating room, anesthesia, fear of not waking up and fears of post-surgical outcomes (eg. In the case of prostatectomy or laryngectomy). In the above cases the use EMDR is often the tool of choice for the special features that perfectly meet the above characterizations. Nell'workshop you compare the experience of this activity and will explore how to use EMDR effectiveness and speed to meet the requirements spelled out above.

Keywords: Hospitals Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. Devilly, G. J. (2004, December). An approach to psychotherapy toleration: The Distress/Endorsement Toleration Scale (DEVS) clinical outcome studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35(4), 319-336. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.08.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The issue of treatment tolerance within the field of psychotherapy is, at best, a nebulous construct and has been commonly evaluated via rates of subject attrition and homework compliance. This research presents the psychometric properties of a ten-item scale which endeavours to measure treatment distress and participant endorsement of therapy protocols used in clinical research. Two factors emerged and the subscales of Distress and Endorsement were derived. These subscales displayed good reliability with acceptable inter-item correlations within each subscale. The subscales were also able to differentiate the perspectives of male Vietnam veterans from their spouses on a lifestyle management course at the termination of intervention. However, this scale also displayed a cognitive behavioural trauma treatment protocol and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing to be equivalent in treatment distress and participant endorsement in the treatment of PTSD. Preliminary findings suggest that the relationship between these two subscales and outcome may, to some extent, be population specific. First evidence suggests that intervention distress ratings may be influenced by severity of presentation, whilst endorsement ratings are more influenced by symptomatic improvement over time. Suggestions for future research are presented and the full questionnaire is attached as an appendix. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Australians Cognitive Therapy Distress Family Therapy Endorsement Females Males Outcome Psychotherapeutic Processes Questionnaire Self Report Instruments Spouses Tolerance Treatment Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Grecchi, V., & Grecchi, A. (2004, Novembre). Approccio psicoterapeutico integrato EMDR-Terapia psicobiologica nella depressione maggiore ricorrente [Approaching psychotherapeutic integrated EMDR – Psychological therapy in major recurrent depression]. Comunicazione al Congresso EMDR e Integrazione delle Psicoterapie, Bologna, Italia .

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Keywords: Major Depression, Recurrent

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Cohn, L. (1993). Art psychotherapy and the new eye treatment desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) method, an integrated approach. In E. Virshup (Ed.), California Art Therapy Trends (pp. 275–290) Chicago, IL: Magnolia Street Publishers.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Art Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. Tobin, B. (2006, Fall). Art therapy meets EMDR: Processing the paper-based image with eye movement. Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal, 19(2), 27-38.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper examines the role of the visual image in psychotherapy, and explores connections between how art therapists use physical images, and how EMDR practitioners use mental images in assisting emotional growth and healing. It outlines a clinical program in which EMDR eye-movement activity is integrated with the art therapist's use of paper-based images, and considers the merits of such a synthesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Art Therapy Eye Movements Imagery Psychotherapy Visual Perception

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. Puliatti, M., Fiacchi, S., & Silipigni, F. (2007, July-September). Aspetti psicologici e psicoterapia delle donne con cistite interstiziale. Terapia cognitivo-comportamentale e EMDR: Un approccio integrate [Psychological aspects and psychotherapy of women affected by interstitial cystitis. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR: An integrated approach]. Medicina Psicosmatica, 52(3), 101-104.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La cistite interstiziale, malattia cronica e rara, si presenta con gli stessi sintomi della cistite “classica”: bruciore, dolori al basso ventre, necessità di urinare di frequente (fino a 60 volte tra giorno e notte), urgenza minzionale spesso associata ad incontinenza, algie vaginali tali da provocare un’impossibilità ad avere rapporti sessuali. Viene quindi coinvolto tutto l’apparato uro-genitale ed il pavimento pelvico, il dolore risponde difficilmente in modo soddisfacente ai più comuni antidolorifici. La cistite interstiziale è una sindrome multifattoriale, in cui convergono eventi stressanti, sintomi psicologici e disordini della funzione urinaria. L’approccio terapeutico dovrebbe quindi essere di tipo integrato urologico, ginecologico, fisico-riabilitativo e psico-sessuologico.In questo lavoro viene presentato un modello di trattamento che integra l’approccio cognitivo comportamentale e l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Questi due approcci se usati in sinergia garantiscono un trattamento ad ampio raggio dei fattori disfunzionali che favoriscono e mantengono tale sintomatologia.

Interstitial cystitis, chronic and rare disease, shows the same symptoms as cystitis "classic" burning, lower abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate (up to 60 times between day and night), urgency often associated with incontinence , vaginal pains which cause an inability to have sex. It then involved the entire apparatus urogenital and pelvic floor, the pain difficult to respond satisfactorily to the most common painkillers. Interstitial cystitis is a multifactorial syndrome, which converge in stressful events, psychological symptoms and disorders of the urinary function. The therapeutic approach should be integrated type of urology, gynecology, physical rehabilitation and psycho-sessuologico.In this paper we present a treatment model that integrates cognitive behavioral el'EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). These two approaches when used together provide a wide-ranging treatment of the factors that foster and maintain this dysfunctional symptoms.

Keywords: Interstitial Cystitis Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Puliatti, M., Fiacchi, S., & Silipigni, F. (2007). Aspetti psicologici e psicoterapia delle donne con cistite interstiziale. Terapia cognitivo-comportamentale e EMDR: un approccio integrato [Psychological and psychotherapy for women with interstitial cystitis. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR: An integrated approach]. Medicina Psicosomatica, 52(3), 111-117. .

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La cistite interstiziale, malattia cronica e rara, si presenta con gli stessi sintomi della cistite “classica”: bruciore, dolori al basso ventre, necessità di urinare di frequente (fino a 60 volte tra giorno e notte), urgenza minzionale spesso associata ad incontinenza, algie vaginali tali da provocare un’impossibilità ad avere rapporti sessuali. Viene quindi coinvolto tutto l’apparato uro-genitale ed il pavimento pelvico, il dolore risponde difficilmente in modo soddisfacente ai più comuni antidolorifici. La cistite interstiziale è una sindrome multifattoriale, in cui convergono eventi stressanti, sintomi psicologici e disordini della funzione urinaria. L’approccio terapeutico dovrebbe quindi essere di tipo integrato urologico, ginecologico, fisico-riabilitativo e psico-sessuologico.In questo lavoro viene presentato un modello di trattamento che integra l’approccio cognitivo comportamentale e l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Questi due approcci se usati in sinergia garantiscono un trattamento ad ampio raggio dei fattori disfunzionali che favoriscono e mantengono tale sintomatologia.

Interstitial cystitis, chronic and rare disease, shows the same symptoms as cystitis "classic" burning, lower abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate (up to 60 times between day and night), urgency often associated with incontinence , vaginal pains which cause an inability to have sex. It then involved the entire apparatus urogenital and pelvic floor, the pain difficult to respond satisfactorily to the most common painkillers. Interstitial cystitis is a multifactorial syndrome, which converge in stressful events, psychological symptoms and disorders of the urinary function. The therapeutic approach should be integrated type of urology, gynecology, physical rehabilitation and psycho-sessuologico.In this paper we present a treatment model that integrates cognitive behavioral EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). These two approaches when used together provide a wide-ranging treatment of the factors that foster and maintain this dysfunctional symptoms.

Keywords: Interstitial Cystitis Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. Carter, A. (2007, June). Assessment and treatment of complex PTSD and dissociative disorders in childhood and adolescence, the role and use of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Damage occurs to a child’s self in the context of relationship when raised in an environment of abuse and neglect. This damage to self is manifested through disruptions in development. A child or adolescent will be unable to perform tasks a non-traumatized child or adolescent has not difficulty mastering. These tasks may be physical, emotional, intellectual, sexual, social, or spiritual. When these disruptions become manifest in the environment with which the child or adolescent is interacting, home, school, or community, conflict arises. The conflict is both internal with self and external in relationship, behavioral, and biological. This is generally when a child or adolescent is brought into therapy for intervention Caregivers are not always aware of the impact traumatic events have on a child’s life or may not want to deal with the impact and the long term implications. The therapeutic relationship is a context outside of the system where the child was traumatized that provide the potential environment and relationship which can facilitate healing for the child, adolescent, and possible, the system in which they live.
Children and adolescents with a complex PTSD will often employ the use of dissociation as a way to cope with overwhelming events or chronically dysfunctional lifestyles. The degree and way in which the child dissociates to self regulate internal systems will determine behavioural and neurological trajectories in their life such as, how the child will cope, rupture of developmental task attainment, and it will determine what type of attachment process the child experiences. Also determined are: impulse control, sleep regulation, meta cognitive functioning, neurobiological processes and the integrative processes of self. When there is no therapeutic intervention, the self which emerges as a result of these processes is a “traumatic self” organization, that is a self structural in response to traumatic experience determined to avoid the repetition of the traumatic experience “at all costs.” The biological body that emerges is the traumatized body organized for avoidance in the forms of fighting, fleeing, or freezing and submitting.
The assessment phase of therapy will map for the therapist and client where the internal dysregulation occur, what are the maladaptive response which have been developed, and what the negative beliefs are which all contribute to the construction of the “traumatic self." There are a variety of assessment tools specifically designed for this purpose.
Once the map is established, a plan can be developed to use with children and adolescents and family for therapy and for EMDR. There are a variety of models which have been developed to use with children and adolescents to process bad memories, negative cognitions and to strengthen internal resources. EMDR can also be used to facilitate state change, strengthen self regulatory capacities, and promote integrative processes of authentic self, facilitating healing throughout self, body, and relational systems.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Roberts, A. R. (2002, Spring). Assessment, crisis intervention, and trauma treatment: The integrative ACT intervention model. Brief Treatment & Crisis Intervention, 2(1), 1-21.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article presents a conceptual three-stage framework and intervention model that should be useful in helping mental health professionals provide acute crisis and trauma treatment services. The ACT model stands for Assessment, Crisis Intervention, and Trauma Treatment. This new model may be thought of as a sequential set of assessments and intervention strategies. The ACT intervention model integrates various assessment and triage protocols with the seven-stage crisis intervention model, and the ten-step acute traumatic stress management protocol. In addition, this article introduces and briefly highlights the other eight narrative, theoretical, and empirically based papers in this issue that focus on mental health and crisis-oriented intervention strategies implemented within 1 month after the September 11, 2001, terroristic mass disaster at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

Keywords: ACT Model Assessment Assessment Crisis Intervention Triage Crisis Assessment Crisis Intervention Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. Cortés, C. (2012, June). Ayudando a desarrollar el sistema de procesamiento de la información para la reconstrucción del apego en niños adoptados [Helping to develop the adaptive information system for attachment reconstruction in adopted children]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is based on the adaptive information system model. Humans have an inherent information processing system that generally processes the complex elements of an experience to an adaptive state. In other words, we have the innate capacity to resolve difficult emotional experiences and move forward in our lives. There are cases where, besides the trauma of abandonment and lack of attachment, there has been no early stimulation, mainly during the first year of life. Sometimes the emotional environment is so poor that results in insufficient attachment, and prevents the motivational system from becoming strong enough to push the baby to find and produce stimulation. Other times, the environment has been so negligent that has not provided the conditions for the baby to adequately cover this first sensory stimulation. Whether it is poor emotional environment or a negligent environment, or both at once, the result is that we find children who have not had the opportunity to generate enough neural connections or the quality required for the reptilian brain to mature. This phenomenon hinders the brain integration, both vertically and horizontally, and makes the processing of the adaptive information system difficult, if not impossible. Aiming to promote and foster the development of the adaptive information system, we have focused on a dual purpose: rebuilding attachment and ensuring the neurofunctional reorganization and development of the child at early stages. For this we rely on both; EMDR processing, as well as sensory integration and sensorimotor therapies, which promote the integration of primitive reflexes and the child´s development at early years. Given the baby's phylogenetic development and the ideal conditions for such development to occur, we try to generate the same conditions, with the aim to facilitate and complete part of the child's development that, so far, has not occurred yet. Therefore, the quality of attachment is what will define the self-‐regulation capacity and the child's motivational system. And in this sense, the neurofunctional organization and sensory integration will provide the child with the necessary resources to meet the challenges of both, development and growth, and the possibility to achieve success and thus to obtain the perception of efficiency. Both aspects, attachment and neurofunctional organization, are interwoven with each other and feed the adaptive information system. Through videos and clinical material, we show the evolution of adopted children with whom we have already intervened from this dual therapeutic point of view; generating a greater vertical and horizontal integration and a better attachment consolidation. Parents will play a key role in this intervention and we prepare them for it through both; psycho-‐education and EMDR. In this way, they can become proper therapeutic parents, capable to parenthesize their own children.

EMDR está basado en el modelo del sistema adaptativo del procesamiento de la información. El ser humano posee un sistema inherente de procesamiento de la información que normalmente procesa los elementos complejos de una experiencia en un sistema adaptativo. En otras palabras, tenemos una capacidad innata para resolver las experiencias emocionalmente difíciles y seguir adelante con nuestras vidas. Existen casos donde, tras el trauma de abandono y la falta de apego, no ha existido estimulación temprana, principalmente durante el primer año de vida. A menudo el ambiente emocional es tan pobre que da como resultado un apego insuficiente, e impide que el sistema emocional sea lo suficientemente fuerte para conseguir que el bebe encuentre y produzca estimulación. En otras ocasiones, el ambiente ha sido tan negligente que no proporciona las condiciones adecuadas para que el bebe cubra su primera estimulación sensorial. Ya sea por ambiente emocional pobre o un ambiente negligente, o bien ambos, el resultado es que encontramos niños que no tienen la oportunidad de generar conexiones neurales suficientes o de calidad requeridas por el cerebro reptiliano para madurar. Este fenómeno dificulta la integración del cerebro vertical y horizontalmente y hace que el sistema de procesamiento de la información sea deficitario, si no imposible. Con el objetivo de promover y fomentar el desarrollo del sistema adaptativo del procesamiento de la información, nos hemos centrado en un propósito dual: Reconstruir el apego y asegurarnos de reorganizar y desarrollar la neurofuncionalidad del niño en las etapas tempranas del niño. Para ello nos apoyamos en el procesamiento del EMDR, así como en las terapias de integración sensorial y sensoriomotoras, que fomentan la integración de los reflejos primitivos y el desarrollo del niño en las etapas tempranas. Dado el desarrollo filogenético del niño y las condiciones ideales para que dicho desarrollo ocurra, intentamos generar las mismas condiciones, con el objetivo de facilitar y completar parte del desarrollo del niño que hasta ahora, no ha ocurrido todavía. Por tanto, la calidad del apego es aquella que será definida por la capacidad de autorregulación y el sistema motivacional del niño. Y en este sentido, la organización neurofuncional y la integración sensorial promoverán en el niño los recursos necesarios para encontrarse con los retos de desarrollo y crecimiento y la posibilidad de conseguir el éxito en ambos, además de obtener la percepción de eficiencia. Ambos aspectos, apego y organización neurofuncional, están entrelazados y alimentan el sistema adaptativo del procesamiento de la información. A través videos y material clínico, mostramos la evolución de los niños adoptados los cuales ya han sido intervenidos desde esta perspectiva terapéutica dual; generando una gran integración vertical y horizontal y una mejora en la consolidación del apego. Los

Keywords: Adoptives

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Laliotis, D. (2008, December). Beyond trauma: EMDR for everyday issues. Presentation at the National Institute for the Clinical Application of Behavioral Medicine Annual Conference, Hilton Head, SC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Twenty years ago, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) began as a clinical technique used to help clients reprocess major traumatic experiences. Since then, EMDR has developed into a comprehensive psychotherapy approach which is also being used to treat low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and performance issues not connected to major trauma but rather to early experiences that have not been adequately processed and integrated by the brain. This workshop is an introduction to the Eight-Phase Model of EMDR with an emphasis on how these early memories are powerful contributors to a person's current difficulties. Participants will learn through direct experience how present triggers can activate these earlier associations that inform our feelings, thoughts and behaviors. Through lecture, discussion, and videotape of actual cases, participants will gain an appreciation of EMDR as a comprehensive treatment approach and learn how it can be applied to a broad range of clinical issues with lasting results.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Christman, S. D., & Butler, M. (2005, November). Bilateral eye movements impair the encoding and enhance the retrieval of episodic memories. Presentation at the 46th annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Engaging in bilateral saccadic eye movements (EMs) immediately prior to retrieval has been shown to enhance the retrieval of episodic, but not semantic, memories (Christman, Garvey, Propper, & Phaneuf, 2003; Christman, Propper, & Dion, 2004). The present study extended this paradigm by investigating the effect of EMs at encoding, as well as at retrieval. EMs prior to encoding led to a significant impairment in episodic recall ( p = .004), relative to no-EM controls. In contrast, in the absence of EMs at encoding, EMs at retrieval led to marginally better episodic recall ( p = .12). EM manipulations had no effects on tests of implicit and semantic memory. Thus, bilateral saccadic EMs impair versus enhance the encoding versus retrieval of episodic memories, respectively. Results are interpreted in terms of EM-induced increases in cholinergic activity (resulting in episodic memories being integrated into semantic networks) versus interhemispheric interaction (resulting in enhanced access to right-hemisphere–based retrieval mechanisms).

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. van der Kolk, B. A., Hopper, J., & Spinazzola, J. (2004, November). Biological changes in arousal and cortisol following PTSD treatment. Symposium conducted (M. Olff, Chair) at the 20th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Effects of treatment of PTSD on psychobiological measures: It is well known that PTSD is associated with changes in several biological systems. However little research has been done on whether it is possible to “reset” these biological systems with effective psychotherapy of pharmacological therapy. This symposium will present data on neuroendocrine and neuroimaging outcome measures.
Biological changes in arousal and cortisol following PTSD treatment: This presentation will discuss the results of a controlled treatment outcome study comparing EMDR, fluoxetine and pill placebo and demonstrate how effective treatment resulted in changes in memory processes, utilizing the Traumatic Memory Inventrory. In the EMDR condition, but not fluoxetine, the change in traumatic memory towards an integrated narrative was linearly correlated with physiological arousal in response to script driven imagery. This presentation will also present the relationship between clinical improvement in the three conditions and change in the cortisol response to a dexamethasone challenge.

Keywords: Fluoxetine Pill Placebo Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. Fisher, J. (2007, September 29). The body as a shared whole: Somatic interventions for working with trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the Quarterly Meeting Program of The New England Society for the Treatment of Trauma and Dissociation.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
To stabilize overwhelming symptoms, integrate memories, and overcome the terror of intimacy, traumatized clients must establish sufficient safety in the body that they do not continue to recreate the unsafe world of childhood. Otherwise, the “child in the nightmare” from decades ago remains lost in time, demoralized by internal critics and terrified by the threats of hypervigilant internal protectors. Because the body is the container for all past and present experience and for all parts of the self, somatically oriented approaches can address the intense and often baffling reactions of these patients in a way that is both simple and effective. This workshop will demonstrate bodyoriented interventions for working with traumatized and dissociative patients drawn from Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and easily integrated into EMDR, IFS, and traditional talking therapies. Through the use of lecture, videotape, and demonstration, participants will have the opportunity to observe somatically informed solutions to a number of common clinical challenges encountered in trauma treatment. Capitalizing on recent advances in the research on attachment and trauma, the workshop will also provide a context for understanding how to use the therapeutic relationship to provide a safe “container” for both patient and therapist in the challenging work of trauma treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation Somatic Interventions Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. Adler-Tapia, R. (2012, October). The bond between theory, research and practice: Teaching therapists “researchease”. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Therapists need to understand how evidence based practice drives choice points in treatment planning and intervention. Researchease is not a misspelling, but the concept of helping therapists learn how to read, understand, and discuss research with greater ease. With EMDR, or any treatment modality, therapists need to understand how research drives evidence based programs and practices. Research determines what treatment modalities are supported and funded. With humorous examples and simplistic descriptions, the goal of this session is to help therapists learn gain greater comfort in applying research to clinical practice.

Keywords: Practice Research Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. Klaff, F. (2012, October). Bonding the pieces: Treating children unglued by family disruptions - An integrated EMDR-family systems approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Major family structural changes, as in divorce and adoption, impact children’s adjustment. Integrating neuroscience research, the AIP-EMDR model and family systems theory, a comprehensive therapeutic approach facilitates treatment of the child’s whole experience. Videotaped case material demonstrates effectiveness of the EMDR treatment component, addressing interpersonal and intrapersonal experiences for adopted brothers Antwon, 4 and Tony,7, exposed to past poverty, drugs,abuse and murder; and Gina, 8, impacted by divorce, current family instability, alcoholism,and other unrevealed ghosts. These children are representative of the complex cases therapists must deconstruct, with sometimes disturbing or complicating revelations emerging as treatment progresses.

Keywords: Children Family Systems Approach

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. Lendl, J. (2002, June). Brain performance and possible EMDR intervention. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
New brain imaging technologies are giving a clearer picture of how memories are stored and how effective treatment may alter brain function. Neuroimaging researchers Bessel van der Kolk and Daniel Amen are investigating EMDR treatment effects. Van der Kolk is studying how traumatic memories differ from memories of ordinary events, while Amen concentrates on evaluating difficult psychiatric cases, ADD, head trauma, memory problems, dementia, aggression, and exposure to toxic substances. This workhop will focus on Amen's research regarding frequently found patterns of brain performance, including specific area functions and problems from a clinician's view. Significant attention will be devoted to integrating EMDR with the Amen multi-discipline intervention approach for problem brian areas.

Keywords: Amen Brain Performance van de Kolk

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. Lendl, J. (2000, October). Brain performance and possible EMDR intervention. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Brain Performance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Lendl, J. (2001, June). Brain performance and possible EMDR intervention. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) be able to identify functions and problems of several brain areas; 2) be able to identify sepcific targets for suggested EMDR interventions; and 3) learn when to refer for possible brain scan.

Keywords: Brain Performance Brain Scan SPECT

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Lendl, J. (2000, September). Brain performance and possible EMDR intervention. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) be able to identify functions and problems of several brain areas; 2) be able to identify the specific targets for suggested EMDR interventions; and 3) learn when to refer for possible brain scan.

Keywords: Brain Performance Brain Scan

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. Hettiarachchi, M. (2007). Brief intervention for post traumatic stress disorder with combined use of cognitive behaviour therapy and eye movement desensitisation reprocessing. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 6(1), 1-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study is of a 23 year old female diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Sri Lanka, six months following the Asian Tsunami of December 2004. The intervention was conducted in a village clinic on the southern coast of the country. Treatment involved the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to monitor levels of anxiety. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to assess level of intrusion and avoidance (Horowitz, Wilner & Alvarez, 1979). Subjective Units of Distress Scores (SUDS) were obtained to assess level of distress and the Validity of Cognition Scale (VOC) used to assess accuracy of positive beliefs (Shapiro, 2001). A significant reduction in trauma symptoms, levels of distress, intrusion and avoidance were noted at post-treatment. Treatment gains were maintained at one month and nine month follow-up. The combined treatment protocol may be an effective brief intervention to use in situations that require rapid treatments to alleviate personal psychological distress in the aftermath of large scale disasters.

Keywords: Asian Tsunami Brief Intervention Clinical Case Study Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy Emotional Trauma Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Scheck, M. M., Schaeffer, J. A., & Gillette, C. (1998, January). Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(1), 25-44. doi:10.1023/A:1024400931106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
To study the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized young women, 60 women between the ages of 16 and 25 were randomly assigned to 2 sessions of either EMDR or an active listening (AL) control. Factorial ANOVA interaction effects and simple main effects for outcome measures (Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Penn Inventory for PTSD, Impact of Event Scale, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale) indicated significant improvement for both groups and significantly greater pre-post change for EMDR-treated participants. Pre-post effect sizes for the EMDR group averaged 1.56 compared to 0.65 for the AL group. Despite treatment brevity, the posttreatment outcome variable means of EMDR-treated participants compared favorably with nonpatient or successfully treated norm groups on all measures. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Battery Child Abuse Effects Emotional Abuse Females Empirical Study Follow-up Study Incest Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. Chemtob, C., Nakashima, J., & Carlson, J. (2002, January). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A field study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 99-112. doi:10.1002/jclp.1131.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Effective psychological intervention is needed to help children recover from disaster-related PTSD. This controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief intervention for disaster-related PTSD. At one-year follow-up of a prior intervention for disaster-related symptoms, some previously treated children were still suffering significant trauma symptoms. Using a randomized lagged-groups design, we provided three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to 32 of these children who met clinical criteria for PTSD. The Children's Reaction Inventory (CRI) was the primary measure of the treatment's effect on PTSD symptoms. Associated symptoms were measured using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Treatment resulted in substantial reductions in both groups' CRI scores and in significant, though more modest, reductions in RCMAS and CDI scores. Gains were maintained at six-month follow-up. Health visits to the school nurse were significantly reduced following treatment. Psychosocial intervention appears useful for children suffering disaster-related PTSD. Conducting controlled studies of children's treatment in the postdisaster environment appears feasible. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Treatment Disasters Elementary School Students Empirical Study Follow-up Study Health Care Utilization Hurricanes Hurricane Iniki Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Victim Service

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. Zaghrout-Hodali, M., Alissa, F., & Dodgson, P. (2008). Building resilience and dismantling fear: EMDR group protocol with children in an area of ongoing trauma. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 106-113. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A number of studies indicate that EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) may be efficacious in treatment of children and young people with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. However, reports are limited in the use of the EMDR psychotherapy approach in situations of ongoing violence and trauma. This case study describes work with 7 children in an area of ongoing violence who were subject to repeat traumas during the course of an EMDR psychotherapy intervention, using a group protocol. Results indicate that the EMDR approach can be effective in a group setting, and in an acute situation, both in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic and peritraumatic stress and in "inoculation" or building resilience in a setting of ongoing conflict and trauma. Given the need for such applications, further research is recommended regarding EMDR's ability to increase personal resources in such settings. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Cognitive Processes Conflict Intifada Group Psychotherapy Multiple Traumatic Events Palestinians Psychotherapeutic Processes Recent Events Resilience Group Therapy Survivors School Age Children Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

62. Waters, F. S., Potgieter, R., & Yehuda, N. (2011, November). But they are too young to be traumatized!. Presentation at the 28th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Montreal, Quebec.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
All too often it is assumed that infants or young children are too young to remember frightening, painful, and confusing experiences, and therefore will not suffer harm because they are too young to be traumatized. Clinical experience; however, as well as research on neurobiology of trauma, child development, and attachment, tell a different story. While very often not verbalized, overwhelming early experiences are nonetheless remembered implicitly. As such they tend to find expression in a myriad of debilitating emotional and somatic symptoms across a persons life span; even into adulthood. Understanding how early trauma can affect the child developmentally, and how it might be expressed, is crucial not only to clinicians treating children but also to those working with adults. It is through understanding early traumatic markers and the subtle, often coded signs, sometimes rooted as far back as infancy, that one can begin the process of untangling these symptoms and freeing the individual from a lifetime of pain, suffering, and failed relationships. This workshop will examine the types of early traumamedical, severe neglect, all forms of abuse, disrupted attachmentand how these traumatic experiences impact the young child from birth to five years. The signs and symptoms of traumatized and dissociative children, as well as available research on the topic will be described, along with case examples. The need for careful interpretation of often convoluted and subtle symptoms will be explained. Accurate interpretation of a childs presentation relies on understanding the neurobiology of trauma and dissociation. That, as well as understanding the impact on child development and attachment is crucial for effective intervention. Strategies such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and involvement of caregivers in the therapy will be described. Videoed sessions and artwork describing the young traumatized child's inner world and recovery process will augment the presentation.

Keywords: Children Infants

Accuracy Verified: Yes

63. Sabey, A. (2001, May). Can EMDR be used within a client-centred (non-directive) play therapy sessions?. Poster presented at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The purpose of this exploratory study was to see whether EMDR could he incorporated into a Client-Centred model of Play Therapy, to enable children and adolescents to more rapidly process traumatic memories, thereby enhancing the therapeutic process. The Client-Centred (non-directive) Play Therapy model is now well recognised as a way of helping children and adolescents who have experienced psychological trauma to work through their experiences in a way that is both empowering and non-threatening. It is based on Rogerian principles (Rogers 1951), with the philosophy that given the right therapeutic conditions the children, like adults, have an innate drive towards health. The child leads the way, and the therapist follows. I have struggled to see how EMDR can fit comfortably within a client-centered play therapy model, although I recognise that Shapiro describes the model as client-centred. To test a hypothesis that EMDR could be integrated into a client-centred play therapy approach, three children were identified. All 3 were waiting for some regular weekly client-centred play therapy sessions, within the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, in West Yorkshire. The subject of the study were two girls, one aged 8 years old and the other aged 14 years with a mild learning disability, and a boy who was 13 years old. All three had experienced complex psychological trauma including sexual abuse. My dilemma was whether it was in fact possible to introduce EMDR within the sessions, and if so, how to do this in a way that enhanced the therapeutic process and did not intrude. The sessions were set up introducing the EMDR protocol alongside setting up the client-centred play therapy sessions. Each child was offered 10-12 weekly sessions. In this presentation I will summarise my findings and hope to show how possible ways the two approaches can be integrated.

Keywords: Children Play Therapy Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

64. Holmes, E. A., James, E. L., Coode-Bate, T., & Deeprose, C. (2009). Can playing the computer game “Tetris” reduce the build-up of flashbacks for trauma? A proposal from cognitive science. PLoS ONE, 4(1): e4153. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004153 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background. Flashbacks are the hallmark symptom of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Although we have successful treatments for full-blown PTSD, early interventions are lacking. We propose the utility of developing a ‘cognitive vaccine’ to prevent PTSD flashback development following exposure to trauma. Our theory is based on two key findings: 1) Cognitive science suggests that the brain has selective resources with limited capacity; 2) The neurobiology of memory suggests a 6-hr window to disrupt memory consolidation. The rationale for a ‘cognitive vaccine’ approach is as follows: Trauma flashbacks are sensory-perceptual, visuospatial mental images. Visuospatial cognitive tasks selectively compete for resources required to generate mental images. Thus, a visuospatial computer game (e.g. “Tetris”) will interfere with flashbacks. Visuospatial tasks post-trauma, performed within the time window for memory consolidation, will reduce subsequent flashbacks. We predicted that playing “Tetris” half an hour after viewing trauma would reduce flashback frequency over 1-week.
Methodology/Principal Findings. The Trauma Film paradigm was used as a well-established experimental analog for Post-traumatic Stress. All participants viewed a traumatic film consisting of scenes of real injury and death followed by a 30-min structured break. Participants were then randomly allocated to either a no-task or visuospatial (“Tetris”) condition which they undertook for 10-min. Flashbacks were monitored for 1-week. Results indicated that compared to the no-task condition, the “Tetris” condition produced a significant reduction in flashback frequency over 1-week. Convergent results were found on a clinical measure of PTSD symptomatology at 1-week. Recognition memory between groups did not differ significantly. Conclusions/Significance. Playing “Tetris” after viewing traumatic material reduces unwanted, involuntary memory flashbacks to that traumatic film, leaving deliberate memory recall of the event intact. Pathological aspects of human memory in the aftermath of trauma may be malleable using non-invasive, cognitive interventions. This has implications for a novel avenue of preventative treatment development, much-needed as a crisis intervention for the aftermath of traumatic events.

Keywords: Flashbacks Tetris

Accuracy Verified: Yes

65. Naccarato, C. (2001, December). The capsule adventure. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(Special Edition), 12-14.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
In EMDR, a client often cannot seem to move forward in processing a particular memory or scene, and continued attempts seem to worsen the client’s physical response, causing pain or other discomfort. This is a potentially damaging situation in that the discomfort may remain, the memory may not get processed to resolution, and the client may develop a negative view of EMDR and of therapy. Some years ago, I developed a low-risk imaginal invasive technique to encourage clients to explore what was happening in, and to, their bodies, I call it the “Capsule Adventure.” Having used this intervention more than 50 times, I have found it to be a reliable way of resolving this type of impasse and moving the session forward.

Keywords: Capsule Adventure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

66. Leeds, A. M. (1995, October). Case formulation: Strategies and criteria for selection of negative and positive cognitions in EMDR, adapted and updated. Author.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Originally a paper entitled "Case formulation: selecting positive and negative cognitions" at the Annual meeting of the EMDR Conference, Sunnyvale, CA March 1994, presented at the The process of selecting appropriate negative and positive cognitions can be a smoothly flowing preamble to an EMDR treatment session or it can be a complex search for an elusive quarry. In this paper, I will review the principles and rationale underlying the selection of cognitions in EMDR and will consider procedures to guide us safely past common problems. Most importantly, I will introduce the idea that the process of selecting cognitions can be greatly simplified and enriched when it is integrated into a case formulation approach.[1][Author abstract]

Keywords: Cognitions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

67. Loris, M., & Johnson, D. R. (2001, December). Case study: Client treatment preference and imaginal exposure in three cognitive behavioral PTSD treatment. Poster presented at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This case discussion will examine the intervention of EMDR (Shapiro, 1989), Prolonged Exposure (Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs & Murdock, 1990), and the Counting Method (Ochberg, 1996) on three adult female patients with PTSD symptoms. A recent treatment outcome study of 40 female trauma victims (Johnson and Lubin, 2001 in press) comparing these three treatments finds that the efficacy of the three treatments is supported and that the element of imaginal exposure may be the critical therapeutic factor. The presentation of these three cases focuses on the issue of client’s treatment preference and client personality traits as factors which may interface with imaginal exposure in treatment efficacy.

Keywords: Counting Method Prolonged Exposure Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

68. Cohen, A. (1997, October). Case study: EMDR in hospital intervention. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(5), 7, 13-16.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The therapeutic effectiveness of EMDR has bee well document since 1989, but the technique is far from reaching optimal utilization in the clinical and psychological world. The following is a case in which the improvement of the patient was rapid, possibly even astounding to those who are unfamiliar with EMDR. The implications of this treatment for me, however, were much further reaching. Many of the points outlined in the theoretical training sessions were brought home most strongly and many more priceless pieces of advice for those who wish to be of assistance to someone involved in a traumatic incident were made clearly apparent.

Keywords: Hospital Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

69. Greenwald, R. (2001, December). Celia’s capsule and Robin’s two hands. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(Special Edition), 18-20.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This past year, I've learned of two EMDR-related interventions which I've wanted to try and work into my repertoire. I have been aware of Robin Shapiro's "Two Hand Interweave" technique (Shapiro, 2000, in this issue) for some times, and have had good luck with in on several occasions. Basically this entails holding one side of a conflict in each hand and concentrating on that while doing eye movements. This seems to engage the body and mind in a unique manner, which is within the reach of clinicians who may not feel comfortable with more dramatic movement therapy formats. More recently I learned of Celia Naccarato's "Capsule" intervention (Naccarato, 2000, in this issue), a cross between an interweave and guided visualization. The indication for this intervention is physical pain, which arises during EMDR and then does not resolve. It entails putting herself in a capsule, swallowing the capsule, and then inside the capsule going to the site of the pain. Once there, she is asked to describe what she sees, and then what she wants to do about it. Then she does it. The intervention ends when the client has come back out and returned to normal size.

Keywords: Capsule Two-Hand Interweave

Accuracy Verified: Yes

70. Paterson, M. C. (2008). Changing cognitive schemas through EMDR and ego state therapy. In C. Forgash and M. Copeley, (Eds.) Healing the heart of trauma and dissociation with EMDR and ego state therapy (pp. 121-139). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Often clients require extensive preparatory work to ensure that they have the ego strength to allow them to experience EMDR. Failure to do this may result in harm to the client and litigation against the therapist. Ego strengthening is required where the client's personality is less than totally integrated, usually indicated by the presence of enduring irrational beliefs and behavior. Such beliefs exist despite extensive evidence to the contrary; for example, a man may believe he is worthless and a failure despite being in a stable marriage and also holding a college degree. Similarly, irrational beliefs often prevent clients from progressing in therapy due to the blocking action they exert on cognitive processing. This chapter examines maintenance fo irrational beliefs and behaviors and a case study that looks at a former police officer in Northern Ireland. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Cognitive Schemas Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

71. Wesselmann, D. (2013, April). Changing the lives of children with reactive attachment disorder behaviors through EMDR treatment. Keynote presented at the Congress EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many children exhibit severe and challenging behaviors such as aggressive outbursts, arguing and defiance, lying, stealing, and sexualized behaviors due to very early life relational trauma. EMDR Integrative Team Treatment involves family therapy and EMDR. With intervention from family therapy and EMDR Attachment Resource Development, parents can provide better emotional support, allowing their children to open up emotionally. As the EMDR therapist implements therapeutic attunement, storytelling, empowerment interweaves, and role-plays, hurt children can find healing and hope. Videos will supplement this presentation.

Keywords: Children Reactive Attachment Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

72. Litt, B. (2007). The child as identified patient: Integrating contextual therapy and EMDR. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 306-324). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
It is estimated that as many as 2% of children under age 12 and from 5% to 18% of adolescents suffer from a depressive disorder (Birmaher et al., 1996; Northey, Wells, Silverman, & Bailey, 2003) that will likely persist into adulthood (Northey et al., 2003; Wagner & Ambrosini, 2001). Contextual Therapy is a differentiation-based (e.g., Kerr & Bowen, 1988; Schnarch, 1991) approach in that it promotes self-determination in the face of family pressure for compliance, reliance on internal resources for self-validation rather than dependence on others for approval, and the overcoming of emotional discomfort in the interests of responsible action (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986). Both the contextual approach and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model predict that formative childhood experiences affect both psychological health and relational functioning. With its systemic paradigm and its ethical dimension of relationship, the contextual approach is complementary and additive to Shapiro's (2001) AIP model. The contextual approach shows the clinician where to look for the targets, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) provides the potency to transform the experience. A general structure of phase-oriented therapy can be described that accounts for most, if not all, referrals for treatment. An assessment phase, a contracting phase, and an intervention phase characterize the main tasks of the therapist. In practice, these phases may overlap, coincide, or repeat themselves over the course of minutes, weeks, or months. This chapter describes only those practices that are unique to the integrated approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Affective Disorders Child Patients Contextual Therapy Depressive Disorder Integrated Approach Integrative Psychotherapy Major Depression Models

Accuracy Verified: Yes

73. Adler-Tapia, R. L. (2012, June). Child psychotherapy: Integrating developmental theory into clinical practice. New York, NY: Spring Publishing.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Children are often diagnosed and medicated without the consideration that their symptoms may actually be a healthy response to stressful life events. This integrative guide for mental health practitioners who work with children underscores the importance of considering the etiology of a child's symptoms within a developmental framework before making a diagnosis. By providing advanced training and skills for working with children, the book guides the therapist, step-by-step, through assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment with a focus on the tenets of child development and a consideration of the impact of distressing life events. The book first addresses child development and the evolution of child psychotherapy from the perspectives of numerous disciplines, including recent findings in neurodevelopment trauma, attachment, and neurobiology. It discusses assessment measures, the impact of divorce and the forensic/legal environment on clinical practice, recommendations for HIPAA compliance, evidence-based best practices for treating children, and the requirements for an integrated treatment approach. Woven throughout are indications for case conceptualization including consideration of a child's complete environment. This book provides an integrative approach to child psychotherapy from the perspective of healthy development through the lens of EMDR.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

74. Cohn, L., & Chapman, L. (2001, June). A child trauma treatment intervention: Combining neuroscience, EMDR, and drawings. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will explain through lecture, slides, and case material, how the combination of EMDR and a drawing technique, along with the most recent neuroscience, child psychiatry, and PTSD literature, strengthen the integration of traumatic material in children.

Keywords: Art Therapy Children Drawing Technique Neuroscience

Accuracy Verified: Yes

75. Monahan, K., & Forgash, C. (2012, March). Childhood sexual abuse and adult physical and dental health outcomes. In E. A. Kalfoğlu & R. Faikoglu (Eds.), Sexual Abuse - Breaking the Silence (pp. 137-152). Intechopen.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Along the same lines, evidence-based assessment and interventions must be in line with the finding of how significant the subjective impressions of sexual assault are for incarcerated older adults in treatment. A promising intervention that is being piloted in the criminal justice system with younger age groups is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR specifically targets change in subjective units of distress among trauma survivors, particularly sexual abuse survivors, which in turn reduces post traumatic stress symptoms (Kitchiner, 2000). Moreover, previous research with incarcerated juvenile offenders shows that EMDR can work in reducing post traumatic stress reactivity resulting in less violent behavior and conduct problems among samples. Its utility for older adults, especially those with histories of sexual assault victimization and perpetration is perhaps a promising intervention. The use of evidence-based practices suggests that untreated trauma and grief are related to increased adult recidivism rates (Leach et al., 2008). Therefore, treating psychological distress and untreated symptoms effectively, which involves both screening and treatment that captures subjective experiences, may help to break the cycle of recidivism and in some case sexual offending. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Dental Health Physical Health

Accuracy Verified: Yes

76. Greenwald, R. (1997). Children's mental health care in the 21st century: Eliminating the trauma burden. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry On-Line.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Contemporary child mental health care is compared unfavorably to its medical counterpart, which offers prevention and early intervention in addition to treatment of symptoms. Child trauma, broadly defined., is characterized as a ubiquitous, under-treated, primary source of psychopathology. Traumatic experiences which remain unintegrated accumulate as a trauma burden, leading to reactivity and impairment. Two recently developed trauma-focused interventions atre described: critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Combined with screening and early identification of traumatized children, CISD and EMDR can be used economically for widespread elimination of the trauma burden.

Keywords: Children Mental Health Care Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

77. Loris, M., & Johnson, D. R. (2001, December). Client treatment preference and imaginal exposure in three cognitive behavioral PTSD treatments. Presentation at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This case discussion will examine the intervention of EMDR (Shapiro, 1989), Prolonged Exposure (Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs & Murdock, 1990), and the Counting Method (Ochberg, 1996) on three adult female patients with PTSD symptoms. A recent treatment outcome study of 40 female trauma victims (Johnson and Lubin, 2001 in press) comparing these three treatments finds that the efficacy of the three treatments is supported and that the element of imaginal exposure may be the critical therapeutic factor. The presentation of these three cases focuses on the issue of client’s treatment preference and client personality traits as factors which may interface with imaginal exposure in treatment efficacy.

Keywords: Imaginal Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

78. Rhoads, J., Pearman, T., & Rick, S. (2007, October). Clinical presentation and therapeutic interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder post-Katrina. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 21(5), 249–256. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2007.05.002.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
It has been almost 2 years since Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast. These 2 years can be characterized by constant struggle and pain as the people try to reattain some semblance of life as they knew it before Katrina struck. Some have chosen to leave their ancestral homes, homes where they were raised and where they, in turn, raised their own families. Those who did leave are able, in some way, to reestablish some semblance of normality, but those who stayed showed manifestations of and dealt with psychological trauma. These manifestations include regression, inattentiveness, aggressiveness, somatic complaints, irritability, social withdrawal, nightmares, and crying. Longer lasting effects may include depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, and interpersonal or academic difficulties. These postdisaster manifestations can linger or remain hidden until well after the traumatic event and could persist for years. This article presents issues about the effects of Katrina on the mental health of the people of New Orleans. It discusses the profile of posttraumatic stress disorder and presents evidence-based review of interventions the health care provider can implement to care for thosewho continue to suffer the effects of this horrific disaster.

Keywords: Hurricanes Intervention Katrina Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

79. Dyregrov, A. (2011, June). Clinical work following acute trauma, crisis intervention and trauma therapy - Implications from recent research. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Acute Stress Crisis Intervention Keynote Plenary Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

80. Perry, B. D. (2002, June). Clinical work with maltreated and traumatized children: Evolving innovations in treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Building upon the concepts and pricipals outline in the Keynote, clinical implications for the neurodevelopmental understanding of childhood trauma will be presented. Specific assessment processes, treatment planning activities and intervention strategies will be discussed. The use of EMDR and music and movement treatments with traumaitized and maltreated children will be presented.

Keywords: Children Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

81. Keane, T. (1999, November). Cognitive behavior therapy: Different approaches to different trauma populations. In R. Bryant (Chair), Symposium Intervention Research, International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This symposium presents recent findings of treatment outcome studies that have applied cognitive behavior therapy to a variety of trauma populations. Edna Foa presents data on her study that compares prolonged exposure (PE), prolonged exposure combined with cognitive restructuring (PE/CR), and a wait-list control for assault vcitims with PTSD. Initial data suggests that PE and PE/CR show comparably superior benefits in treating PTSD. Annmarie McDonagh-Coyle presents data on a major treatment study of childhood sexual abuse survivors with PTSD. This study compares CBT with Present Centered Therapy and a wait-list control condition. Initial findings point to similar improvements in CBT and PCT groups relative to controls. Claude Chemtob presents data on a community-based study of disaster-affected children who were provided with either indiviudal or group treatment that involved four sessions. At one-year follow-up, 32 children who were still symptomatic were provided with exposure-based therapy that included EMDR. Intervention resulted in symptom reduction and reduced utilization of health resources. Richard Bryant presents preliminary findings of a treatment study of acute stress disorder, which compares CBT, CBT+Hypnosis, and supportive counseling. Initial findings indicate that whereas CBT and CBT+Hypnosis are comparably more effective in preventing PTSD than supporitve counseling, hypnosis is associated with greater reductions in anxiety. As Discussant, Terry Keane integrates these diverse studies in terms of their procedural differences, conceptual overlap, and directions for more emprically based treatments of traumatic stress.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Symposium Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

82. Harvey, A.G., Bryant, R. A., & Tarrier, N. (2003, May). Cognitive behaviour therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(3), 501-522. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00035-7 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Following considerable empirical scrutiny, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article overviews the general principles of treatment and describes the components that comprise CBT for PTSD. We then move on to review the efficacy of CBT for the treatment of PTSD caused by various traumas, including assault, road traffic accident (RTA), combat, and terrorism. Recent advances in early intervention and in the treatment of disorders that are comorbid with PTSD are reviewed. Finally, future directions are discussed. In particular, it is proposed that randomised controlled trials (RCT) of CBT for PTSD must be conducted with enhanced methodological rigour and public health relevance. D 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

83. Grandison, P. (2007). A combined approach: Using EMDR within a framework of solution focused brief therapy. Educational and Child Psychology, 24(1), 56-64.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper reports on a qualitative, exploratory study that creatively combined two therapeutic approaches: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) and solution focused brief therapy. It was expected that the use of techniques drawn from solution focused brief therapy could help children to facilitate and enhance the use of techniques within EMDR. In particular, techniques focusing on current and future positive resource installation were utilised. Five primary school children age 9 to 11 years were identified by class teachers and parents as presenting as shy, anxious and lacking self-confidence. The group intervention took place in school over six sessions. Within the group setting, the children targeted their own individual area that they wished to improve. Data were collected during and after each session and post-intervention. Increases in children’s self confidence and an improvement in targeted areas were reported by children, parents and teachers. Children found the intervention helpful and were able to identify particular aspects of solution focused brief therapy and EMDR that were useful.

Keywords: Anxiety Brief Psychotherapy Children's Techniques Educational Psychology Empirical Study Group Intervention Group Psychotherapy Primary School Children Problem Solving Psychotherapeutic Techniques Qualitative Study Self-Confidence Shyness Solution Focused Brief Therapy Timidity

Accuracy Verified: Yes

84. Young, J., Zangwill, W. M., & Behary, W. E. (2002). Combining EMDR and schema-focused therapy: The whole may be greater than the sum of the parts. In F. Shapiro (Ed.). EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 181-208). Washington: American Psychological Association. vii, 444 pp.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract: E
motional processing occurs through specific circuitry and structures in the brain. Unfortunately, much of clinical psychology has neither understood nor sufficiently integrated the treatment implications of this area of research. However, some practitioners have recognized the need for more integrative models of psychotherapy. Two of the best models are Young's Schema-Focused Therapy (SFT) and Shapiro's Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Although these two approaches arose from different clinical experiences and theoretical backgrounds, they are similar in that they recognize the importance of all the ways in which people process information -- affectively, physiologically, through the senses, and cognitively. Each model can be tremendously beneficial to clinicians and their clients. Combining aspects of each often yields better results than using either one alone. Thus, this chapter first includes a description of Young's model and then an illustration of the way EMDR clinicians can enhance SFT by using the powerful information-processing aspects of EMDR. Last is a brief discussion of the ways SFT can also be valuable to EMDR clinicians. [Adapted from Text, pp. 181-182][Pilots]

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Psychotherapeutic Processes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

85. Lovett, J. M. (1999, June). Combining EMDR with play therapy to treat a 3-year old with severe PTSD: A case study. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) to recognize a range of posttraumatic symptoms of young children who are neonatal intensive care nursery graduates; 2) to integrate EMDR into play therapy to address these posttraumatic symptoms; 3) to identify parental beliefs whic may interfere with resolution of the child's posttraumatic symptoms; and 4) brief intervention with EMDR that can be helpful to parents.

Keywords: Case Study Children Neonatal Intensive Care Play Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

86. Oncley, P. R. (1992). A comparison of eye movement desensitization and implosion-like therapy with adult victims of sexual abuse. Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA. AAT 9302718.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a recently developed technique that has been reported in the literature to be effective in treating many of the symptoms associated with PTSD. This study investigated the role of saccadic eye movements in this technique by utilizing a multiple-baseline, across subjects design with 4 adult victims of childhood sexual abuse.Eye movement desensitization conditions (EMD) were compared to non saccadic eye movement conditions (NM) utilizing a Latin square design over one treatment session. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-R) and the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID) were used for initial diagnosis and screening. Treatment effectiveness between the intervention phase and 1 week follow-up was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the PTSD Symptom Checklist. Skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate, and subjective units of distress (SUDS) were assessed during pretreatment, treatment, posttreatment, and follow-up phases. Results showed no significant differences across subjects among SCR, heart rate, and SUDS between the EMD and NM conditions. IES and PTSD Symptom Checklist follow-up data showed symptom improvement for 3 of the 4 subjects. One subject's intrusive symptoms worsened. All subjects displayed less physiological reactivity to the traumatic imagery at follow-up. Mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of EMD and recommendations for future study were discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Arousal Child Abuse Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

87. Staff. (2000). Complex PTSD in children II: Therapeutic interventions. Cavalcade Productions, Inc., Nevada City, CA.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
In this video series, Bessel van der Kolk and other clinicians from The Trauma Center, along with therapists Joyanna Silberg and Frances Waters, describe the assessment tools and therapeutic approaches that they have found most useful in working the severely traumatized in children. The clinician's role in such cases often includes working with parents or guardians as well as children, and can extend far beyond the therapy room to encompass psychoeducation and advocacy. For children with complex PTSD, safety must be established both externally and internally. Maintaining internal safety can be an especially difficult task when the child is highly dissociative. The presenters discuss ground techniques that can help a child to stay safe and stable, and describe the therapeutic modalities "play, talk, art, and group therapy" that they have found useful. Topics include controlling aggression, accessing emotions, changing the trauma story, and using EMDR.

Keywords: Children Clinical Judgment Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Intervention Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Therapeutic Processes Treatment

Accuracy Verified: No

88. Tofani, L. R. (2007). Complex separation, individuation processes, and anxiety disorders in young adulthood. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 265-283). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Research has shown that anxiety in children is highly influenced by parenting style, perception of family support (Rapee & Melville, 1997), and family relational patterns. Social Anxiety Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is considered to be a common disorder in young adults. According to Shapiro's (1995, 2001) Adaptive Information Processing model, a neurotic symptomatic situation in a young adult with an unfinished separation process may be connected to unresolved separations and other past traumas. This chapter discusses research and clinical evidence, and treatment of young adults with complex separation problems. Integration of family systems therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) is discussed. In this integrated treatment procedure, family therapy follows the experiential family systems therapy approach (Giat Roberto, 1992; Napier & Whitaker, 1978), with elements of multigenerational and Structural Family Therapy styles (Bowen, 1978; Minuchin & Fishman, 1992). The EMDR standard protocol is followed. A case example and concluding discussion complete the chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Family Relations Family Systems Therapy Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Individuation Integrative Psychotherapy Separation Anxiety Separation Individuation Separation Problems Separation Reactions Structural Family Therapy Young Adulthood

Accuracy Verified: Yes

89. Pace, P. (2003, September). Connecting ego states through time with EMDR and lifespan integration. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be introduced to Lifespan Integration, an effective new technique, which connects dissociated ego states to one another, and eventually produces an integrated self. This technique brings up images related to the targeted trauma, and gives the client insights about the lifelong pattern of behaviors resultant from the trauma. External resources are rarely needed as clients spontaneously connect to internal resources. Participants will learn how Lifespan Integration can be used adjunctive to EMDR: 1) to quickly resolve feeder memories which are interfering with processing; 2) to help clients who are flooding with emotion regain connection to their cognitive capacities; and 3) to help clients access positive internal resources related to the targeted trauma.

Keywords: Ego States Lifespan Integration

Accuracy Verified: Yes

90. Schmidt, S. J. (2008, September). Connecting to a team of resource ego states to prepare for EMDR trauma processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Sometimes it is difficult to assess readiness for emotionally taxing EMDR trauma processing. The first half of this workshop will cover a protocol for helping clients connect with three Resource ego states – a Nurturing Adult Self, a Protective Adult Self, and a Spiritual Core Self. Clients with sufficient ego strength for trauma work will readily connect to these Resources. Clients with poor ego strength often encounter blocks when connecting to Resource ego states. The second half of the workshop will cover an ego strengthening intervention for clearing such blocks. This intervention can help prepare clients to tolerate trauma work.

Keywords: Ego States

Accuracy Verified: Yes

91. Lohrasbe, R. S. (2010, April/May). Connecting to a team of resource ego states to prepare for EMDR trauma processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
It can be difficult to assess readiness for emotionally taxing EMDR trauma processing. The first half of this workshop will cover a protocol for helping clients connect with three resource ego states – a Nurturing Adult Self, a Protective Adult Self, and a Spiritual Core Self. Clients with sufficient ego strength for trauma work will readily connect to these resources. Clients with poor ego strength often encounter blocks when connecting to resource ego states. The second half of the workshop will cover an ego-strengthening intervention for clearing such blocks. This intervention can help prepare clients to tolerate trauma work.

Keywords: Resource Ego States

Accuracy Verified: Yes

92. Leeds, A. (2006, September). The consensus model. In criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development & installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes (A. Leeds). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient & stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients and clinical situations the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.

Keywords: Complex PTSD Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder C-PSTD Consensus Model Resource Development & Installation RDI Treatment Criteria

Accuracy Verified: Yes

93. Eidhof, M. B. (2012). The contribution of emotion to the effects of EMDR. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Until now, the effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has been best explained by Working Memory (WM) theory. Research on the effects of EMDR has always concerned emotional memory, even though the WM account does not consider the emotional element in EMDR. Insights from neuroscience about emotion and its role in the consolidating of stimuli have led to questions that WM theory cannot address. Therefore, the present study introduces the WM/emotion theory on EMDR, which complements WM theory by incorporating knowledge about emotion and its expected role in EMDR treatment. WM/emotion theory expects emotion to play an important role in EMDR treatment, because the re-experiencing of emotion during the recall of an (traumatic) emotional memory seems to enhance (re)consolidation of the ‘blurred’ (as a result of taxing the WM) memory. If this is true, it means EMDR treatment would only affect memories with high emotional charge, and EMDR would be less effective with neutral memories. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted in which negative emotional- and neutral memories of participants were treated with a lab version of EMDR (recall + eye movements (Recall+EM’s)) or a control intervention (Recall-only). It was expected that after Recall + EM’s the reduction of the vividness (and emotionality) would be larger for emotional memories than for neutral memories.It was found that after Recall+EM’s only the vividness (and emotionality) of emotional memories was reduced. The results of the present study suggest that emotion is a crucial element in EMDR treatment and knowledge about the workings of EMDR should be revised according to WM/emotion theory.

Keywords: Autobiographical Memories Consolidation Emotion Negative Memories Neutral Memories Reconsolidation Vividness Working Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

94. de Roos, C. J. A. M., Noorthoorn, E. O., Greenwald, R., & de Jongh, A. (2004, June). A controlled comparison of EMDR and CBT for children and adolescents exposed to the Enschede fireworks disaster in the Netherlands. In children and EMDR (J. Morris-Smith). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In May 2000, a firework depot exploded in the city of Enschede (The Netherlands), leaving 22 people dead, 947 injured, more than 500 houses destroyed, and about 1500 houses significantly damaged. In total, 4, 163 people were affected, including many children and adolescents. Children with chronic posttraumatic stress reactions were referred for treatment to the Ambulant Mental Health Care team un Enschede.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the relative efficacy of EMDR versus a CBT approach for reducing children’s symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety and behavior problems, All participants treated from 2001 to 2003 were included. They received 4 sessions of EMDR and 4 sessions CVBT. Moreover, four sessions of parent guidance were included in both groups. The final N was 57 children (age 3-18).
Assessment took place prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention and at 3 month follow-up. The main outcome measures were: UCLA PTSD Index (parent, child, and adolescent version), Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the Parent Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (PROPCS), the Problem Rating Scale (PRS), the Birleson Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASQ, anxiety).
Also parent-reported psychosocial dysfunction and teacher-reported problems were assessed (Child Behavior Check List: parent form and teacher form and for children aged 11 and older; self-report form). For the youngest (0-6 years) the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) was included. The date was gathered but not yet analyzed is currently underway.

Keywords: Adolescents CBT Children Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Controlled Comparison Disaster Enschede Fireworks Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium The Netherlands

Accuracy Verified: Yes

95. Lv, Q. (2010, July). Crisis intervention and trauma therapy in China. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
We reviewed the development of crisis intervention and trauma therapy in China since 1980s. During the past three decades, there is a gradual increase of concern and awareness among different level of Chinese government and the society for the need of human-focused disaster intervention. The Chinese crisis intervention and trauma therapy team’s experiences and studies have supported the fact that prompt and adequate intervention will significantly reduce the negative effect of disaster or trauma. It’s essential to develop the crisis intervention and trauma therapy teams systematically at different sites of the country to provide emergency intervention service at local areas. Formal and special training are needed to provide to all health and rescue-related workers involved in the disaster. This is based on the fact that immediate care and intervention require a large number of trained staff after disaster. Finally, it ‘s essential to study and improve the culturally suitable crisis intervention programs and trauma therapy.

Keywords: China Crisis Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

96. Hillman, J. L. (2002). Crisis intervention and trauma, New approaches to evidence-based practice. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract: R
ecent findings from an American Psychological Association task force suggest that one in four therapists will experience patient suicide, and that one in eight will feel threatened by patient violence during their career. Experts from this task force have also noted that clinicians receive virtually no formal training or coursework in crisis intervention. Despite the increasing need for professional services among members of the general population, current practitioners have few texts available that provide step-by-step, detailed information about how to engage in crisis intervention, and how to integrate recent, empirical research findings into theory and practice. This volume helps bridge this critical gap by providing a theoretically advanced, yet practical guide to crisis intervention. Particular attention is given to the role of violence within our culture, patient suicide, school and workplace violence, long-term sequelae of trauma, clinical assessment and risk management, professional boundaries and burn-out, domestic violence, and the neurophysiology of trauma, as well as the needs of typically underserved patient populations including minority group members, older adults, gays and lesbians, and children. The text also features critical reviews of controversial topics, including EMDR, critical incident stress debriefing, recovered memories, dissociative identity disorder, and alternative medicine. [Springer]

Keywords: Crisis Intervention Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

97. Dattilio, F. (2001). Crisis intervention techniques for panic disorder. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 55(3), 388-405.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Panic disorder is estimated to affect more than 4% of the U.S. population. It is assumed that this incident rate increases during crisis situations. While the professional literature is replete with references on the treatment of panic disorders, few authors address the use of nondrug treatment in conjunction with crisis intervention. This article provides an overview of the latest nonpharmacologic interventions for panic along with a description of their effectiveness in reducing the onset of symptomatology as well as preventing relapse during crisis.

Keywords: Crisis Intervention Non-drug Treatment Panic dsiorder Nonpharmacological Interventions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

98. Greenwald, R. (1999, June). A crisis response approach for suicidal teens. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In my current position as a clinical psychologist based on a hlgh school campus, I often have occasion to meet with adolescents who are suicidal, some having recently made suicidal gestures. Despite the complexity and variety of presenting issues, there is a set of more or less standardized steps to follow to ensure safety as well as appropriate follow-up. In this paper I present a case to illustrate how I have integrated EMDR. This approach to teen suicidality uses several elements of the motivation - anger - trauma therapy (MATT) approach for teens with conduct disorder, which has been described in detail elsewhere (Greenwald 1998, 1999, in press). In addition to the standard crisis interventions - letting the client talk out the problem, contracting for safety, implementing supports and restrictions as needed, and arranging follow-up - I have been using EMDR in various ways to enhance present safety as well as subsequent resiliency. For example: the Choices Have Consequences intervention (cited above, described below) helps the client to realize that self-harm leads to a poor outcome despite its initial appeal; the standard use of EMDR can help to reduce vulnerability to the type of stressor which led to the current crisis; and the Future Movies intervention (also cited above and described below) helps to create a more hopeful long-term perspective while enhancing coping skills.

Keywords: Adolescents Poster Suicide Teens

Accuracy Verified: Yes

99. Leeds, A. (2006, September). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of Resource Development & Installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient & stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients and clinical situations the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.

Keywords: Consensus Model RDI Resource Development and Installation Treatment Criteria

Accuracy Verified: Yes

100. Leeds, A. M. (2007, June). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development and installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories (Brown, Scheflin, & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999; Hart, Nijenhius, Steele, 2006). Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been described in a series of published case reports as an effective stabilizing intervention for adult survivors of adverse childhood experiences (Korn & Leeds, 2202; Leeds, 1997, 1998, 2001b; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000; Popky, 2005). These clinical case reports of RDI have been described observed decreases in intense shame, depersonalization, angry outbursts, self-injurious behaviors, compulsive eating, obsessive self-critical thoughts, persistent negative emotional states (misery), sexual acting out, and substance abuse. There are now several published procedural descriptions (Korn & Leeds, 2002; Leeds, 2001; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000) and a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR (Shapiro, 2001).
The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with post traumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been persistently offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. EMDR has been shown to produce stable, enduring treatment effects for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. RDI has not. Until recently (Korn et al, 2004; Leeds, 2005, 2006; Shapiro, 2004) little attention has been given to assuring appropriate use and avoiding misuse of RDI. This presentation will describe serious clinical and professional issues in continuing to offer RDI over repeated treatment sessions to patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet or achieve readiness criteria for standard EMDR reprocessing and in failing to offer or in excessively delaying EMDR reprocessing.
This presentation will clarify and review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients (1) and clinical situations (2) the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations (3) RDI should be offered cautiously, if at al, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients (4) RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR processing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented (5) to clarify its clinical application. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may b associated with misuse or excessive use of RDI. A series of ten clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD RDI Resource Development and Installation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

101. Leeds, A. (2010, July). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development and installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients (1) and clinical situations (3) the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations (4) RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients (2) RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented (5) to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD RDI Resource Development & Installation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

102. Nurse, A. R., & Rouanzoin, C. C. (1995). Criteria for special EMDR training standards (for other than University/Professional Schools and Agency/Internship Instruction). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a psychological method/intervention that should only be used by licensed mental health professionals adequately trained in EMDR. The Training and Standards Committee has the authority and responsibility to recommend to the Board of EMDRIA, and hence to the public and inquiring agencies (e.g., managed care, licensing boards, insurance companies) those training programs that meet the following criteria.

Keywords: Training Standards

Accuracy Verified: Yes

103. Jensma, J. (1999, Summer). Critical incident intervention with missionaries: A comprehensive approach. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 27(2), 130-138.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
When people are exposed to, or involved in, traumatic occurrences, they are at risk for PTSD to follow in the wake. This involves more than psychological discomfort; it involves a host of physiological, mental, emotional, and spiritual sequelae. The results of trauma can be so debilitating that a missionary might be unable to continue to minister. The effects can last a lifetime. Given the relatively high level of risk for missionaries to experience critical incidents and the possible aftereffects, it is important for churches and mission boards to have an adequate and comprehensive approach to member care in ministering to missionaries when they encounter critical incidents. A comprehensive plan would include critical incident stress debriefing as soon as possible after an incident, one-to-one counseling -- preferably with a therapist trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) -- for those individuals experiencing complex PTSD, debriefing for the debriefers, and a post-critical incident seminar at least 3 months after the incident. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Complex PTSD Literature Review Missionaries Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Debriefing PTSD Recent Events Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

104. Stowasser, J., Brown, S., & Zabukovec, J. (2011, August). The crucible of trauma: Domestic violence, substance abuse, and the military. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Untreated trauma and PTSD are believed to underlie substance abuse (SA) and domestic violence (DV). Some military personnel attempt to manage their PTSD with the use of DV tactics and SA, causing harm to themselves and others. Workshop participants will be able to broadly define DV, the Cycle of Violence and The Apology, and adapt them for use with EMDR; screen for substance abuse, conceptualize cases and plan treatment; understand how military experience contributes to post-traumatic stress including DV and SA; and dovetail this knowledge into the EMDR Model as an integrated, phased, trauma treatment approach.

Keywords: Apology Cycle of Violence Domestic Violence Military Substance Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

105. Tol, W. A., Jordans, M. J. D., Regmi, S., & Sharma, B. (2005, June). Cultural challenges to psychosocial counselling in Nepal. Transcultural Psychiatry, 42(2), 317-333. doi:10.1177/1363461505052670.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article describes the way in which the practice of psychosocial counselling was adapted culturally to the context of Nepal within the Centre for Victims of Torture, Nepal (CVICT). After a brief description of the Nepali setting and CVICT’s counselling and training approach and the relationship of its psychosocial counselling intervention with existing methods of dealing with psychosocial problems, the cultural challenges of implementing psychosocial counselling and our response to them are sketched along with concepts deemed important in psychosocial counselling. A discussion follows in which the authors’ stance on the export of psychosocial counselling to non-western cultures is outlined.

Keywords: Centre for Victims of Torture Cross-Cultural Nepal Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

106. Renner, W., Banninger-Huber, E., & Peltzer, K. (2011). Culture-sensitive and resource oriented peer (CROP) - Groups as a community based intervention for trauma survivors: A randomized controlled pilot study with refugees and asylum seekers from Chechnya. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 2011-1, 1-13.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Asylum seekers and refugees frequently suffer from post-traumatic stress and culturally sensitive methods towards reducing symptoms should be taken into account. The aim of the work reported here was to examine the effectiveness of Culture-Sensitive and Resource Oriented Peer (CROP) - Groups for Chechen asylum seekers and refugees towards reducing post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Some ninety-four participants were randomly assigned to 15 sessions of CROP - or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) - Groups, to 3 single sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), or to a Wait-List (WL). The results indicated that CROP was significantly superior to WL, and was equally effective as CBT in reducing post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Improvements still were present at three and six month follow-up occasions. EMDR yielded negative results. According to this pilot study, CROP-Groups pose a promising, culturally sensitive alternative to psychotherapy with Chechen migrants.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers Chechnya Community-Based Intervention CROP Culture-Sensitive and Resource Oriented Peer Pakistan Pilot Study Psychological Trauma Randomized Control Trial RCT Refugees Survivor Trauma Treatment Center Treatment Response Violent Situation in Pakistan

Accuracy Verified: Yes

107. Capezzani, L. (2010, Novembre). Dati preliminari del progetto: Valutazione degli esiti medico- clinici e psicologici in seguito all’applicazione dell’EMDR in pazienti oncologici con disturbi dello spettro post traumatico da stress [Preliminary data of the project: Evaluation of medical-clinical and psychological outcomes following the application of EMDR in cancer patients with autism spectrum post-traumatic stress disorder]. Presentazione al "Convegno La psicotraumatologia Oncologica, Roma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
La ricerca ha lo scopo di indicare se l’intervento con EMDR produce significativi cambiamenti dei parametri medico-clinico, oltre che psicologici, in pazienti oncologici che abbiamo ricevuto una diagnosi di PTSD o di un disturbo dello spettro post-traumatico da stress durante ciascuna delle fasi dell’evoluzione della malattia. In particolare si vuole verificare se dopo trattamento con EMDR: - i valori baseline di cortisolo nel sangue cambiano e riproducono anche in pazienti oncologici l’andamento dimostrato in letteratura: in presenza di un PTSD acuto generalmente i livelli sono alti, quando invece il PTSD è cronico i livelli di cortisolo sono bassi ma in ambedue i casi un trattamento con EMDR produce una normalizzazione di suddetti valori. - si osserva una riduzione della quantità di citochine che rappresentano gli indicatori immunologici correlati a stati di depressione ed ansia sia sottosoglia che non, quasi sempre presenti tra i disturbi dello spettro PTSD e quindi anche nella malattia oncologica (Cantelmi, 2008 in preparazione). Lo studio consente inoltre di osservare - per quali delle fasi della malattia il trattamento con EMDR produce la migliore estinzione dei disturbi post-traumatici da stress, - se le modalità di coping, cioè le strategie di adattamento alla malattia e sua gestione migliorano dopo il trattamento con EMDR

The research is intended to indicate whether the intervention with EMDR produces significant changes in clinical parameters and medical as well as psychological, in cancer patients who have received a diagnosis of PTSD or a spectrum disorder post-traumatic stress disorder during each of the stages of the disease. In particular, we want to check if after treatment with EMDR: - The values of baseline cortisol in the blood change and reproduce even in cancer patients the trend shown in the literature: in the presence of an acute PTSD generally the levels are high, when instead the PTSD is chronic cortisol levels are low but in both cases treated with EMDR produces a normalization of these values. - There is a reduction in the amount of cytokines representing the immunological indicators related to states of depression and subthreshold anxiety is that, almost always present between the spectrum disorders PTSD and therefore also in the oncological disease (Cantelmi, 2008 in preparation). The study also allows you to observe - For which of the stages of the disease treatment with EMDR produces the best extinction of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress, - Whether the method of coping, ie the strategies of adaptation to the disease and its management to improve after treatment with EMDR.

Keywords: Autism Cancer Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

108. Rassin, E., Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1996). De pijndempende werking van eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is beperkt [The pain attenuation of EMDR is limited]. Directieve Therapie, 16(3), 274-284. doi:10.1007/BF03060149 .

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) werd in 1989 door Shapiro geïntroduceerd als een therapeutische techniek voor Posttraumatische stress–stoornis (PTSS). Sindsdien hebben diverse EMDR–;therapeuten geopperd dat deze interventie ook toepasbaar is bij andere trauma–gerelateerde klachten. In een studie van Hekmat, Groth en Rogers (1994) is geclaimd dat EMDR effectief is bij de behandeling van pijn. In het onderhavige onderzoek is deze claim verder onderzocht. Daartoe werden 45 gezonde vrijwilligers onderworpen aan 8 elektrische prikkels. De proefpersonen werden verdeeld over 3 groepen: een groep die behandeld werd met EMDR, een groep die ter afleiding van de prikkels naar een cartoon keek, en een controlegroep waarbij geen verdere interventie werd uitgevoerd. Zowel fysiologische als subjectieve reacties op de pijnprikkels werden geregistreerd. Op geen enkele effectmaat werden verschillen tussen de drie groepen gevonden. In de discussie wordt dit resultaat in een breder perspectief geplaatst.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced by Shapiro in 1989 as a therapeutic technique for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since then several EMDR, therapists suggested that this intervention is also applicable to other trauma-related symptoms. In a study by Hekmat, Groth and Rogers (1994) has claimed that EMDR is effective in treating pain. In the present study further investigated this claim. For this purpose, 45 healthy volunteers subjected to 8 electrical stimuli. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: one group treated with EMDR, a group that as a distraction from the stimuli to a cartoon look, and a control group with no further intervention was performed. Both physiological and subjective responses to pain stimuli were recorded. In no effect size differences were found between the three groups. In the discussion, this results in a wider perspective.

Keywords: Pain Attenuation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

109. Oppenheim, H.-J. (2005, November). De som der delen: EMDR bij de behandeling van een vrouw met DIS [The sum of its parts: EMDR to treat a woman with DIS]. Presentatie op het Eerste Congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Er zijn, zover bekend, zeven artikelen verschenen over de toepassing van EMDR bij DIS. Young (1994) beschrijft de toepassing van EMDR gericht op de fobische symptomen bij DIS. Paulsen (1995) komt met een theoretisch model gebaseerd op neuronale netwerken voor de dissociatieve stoornissen. Volgens Paulsen zorgt EMDR voor de her-associatie van het gedisscocieerde materiaal. Zij maant echter tot behoedzaam gebruik van EMDR, zeker bij de ernstige dissociatieve stoornissen. Anderen maken melding dat, vaak aangepaste versies van, EMDR zinvol kan zijn als een beperkte toegevoegde techniek in de behandeling van DIS (Lazrove & Fine, 1996; Chemtob, Tolin, Van Der Kolk, & Pitnam, 2000; Twombly, 2000; Fine & Berkowitz, 2001). Gelinas (2003) gaat nog verder en stelt een behandeling voor waarin een gemodificeerde vorm van van EMDR wordt gecombineerd met een ‘fase georiënteerde trauma behandeling’.
In deze presentatie staat de behandeling van een 44 jarige, zeer ernstig getraumatiseerde vrouw met DIS centraal. Zij volgt sinds eind 1997 een cognitief-gedragstherapeutische therapie. In september 2004 is er gestart met EMDR. Mede aan de hand van videofragmenten wordt het half jaar durende verwerkingsproces verteld, van één van de vele trauma’s die de cliënte heeft meegemaakt. Te zien valt onder meer hoe met behulp van EMDR specifieke informatie van de diverse alters zodanig geïntegreerd wordt, dat volledige verwerking mogelijk blijkt te zijn. Er zal aandacht besteed worden aan de specifieke wijze waarop bij deze behandeling met EMDR moest worden omgegaan.

There are known to be seven articles about the use of EMDR in DIS. Young (1994) describes the application of EMDR focused on phobic symptoms in DIS. Paulsen (1995) with a theoretical model based on neural networks for the dissociative disorders. According to Paulsen EMDR allows for the re-association of the gedisscocieerde material. It urges, however, to cautious use of EMDR, especially in severe dissociative disorders. Others have reported that, often modified versions of, EMDR can be useful as a limited added technique in the treatment of CIS (Lazrove & Fine, 1996; Chemtob, Tolin, Van Der Kolk, & Pitnam, 2000, Twombly, 2000, Fine & Berkowitz, 2001). Gelinas (2003) goes further and proposes a treatment for which a modified form of EMDR is combined with a phase-oriented trauma treatment.
In this presentation, the treatment of a 44 year old woman with very severely traumatized central CIS. It follows since the end of 1997 a cognitive-behavioral therapy. In September 2004 has started with EMDR. Partly on the basis of video clips, the half-year process told by one of the many traumas that the client has experienced. Is to see how including using EMDR specific information from the various alters so integrated that complete processing proves impossible. Attention will be paid to the specific manner in which this treatment with EMDR should be handled.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

110. Rijken, T. A. (2012). De werkzaamheid van eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Ondersteuning voor een afleidingstheorie [The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Support for a theoretical derivation]. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
De eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) interventie wordt veelvoudig gebruikt in de gezondheidszorg en is een van de meest onderzochte interventies voor posttraumatische stress-stoornis. De populariteit van deze interventie kan mede worden toegeschreven aan de aangetoonde werkzaamheid van EMDR voor het verminderen van traumasymptomen. EMDR is een behandeling die bedoeld is om de helderheid en aversiviteit van traumaherinneringen te verminderen. Tijdens de interventie staat het ophalen van traumatische herinneringen en tegelijkertijd het maken van oogbewegingen centraal. De laatste jaren zijn labstudies toegepast om te achterhalen hoe EMDR precies werkt. Uit deze studies blijkt dat de belasting van het werkgeheugen door een duale taak een belangrijk component van EMDR is. Het werkgeheugen heeft namelijk een beperkte capaciteit. Dit zorgt ervoor dat er minder capaciteit beschikbaar is voor de traumatische herinnering wanneer deze tijdens de behandeling wordt belast met een taak (bv. oogbewegingen). De werkgeheugentheorie is bruikbaar, maar er is wellicht een simpelere verklaring voor de werkzaamheid van EMDR: afleiding. Het is praktisch te weten hoe EMDR werkt zodat er meer duidelijkheid ontstaat over hoe EMDR precies moet worden toegepast. Daarnaast is het begrip van de werking van EMDR belangrijk voor het vaststellen van eventuele bruikbaarheid bij meerdere stoornissen. Het doel van huidig experiment is het kritisch onderzoeken of er een verschil is tussen het ophalen van een negatieve herinnering met een visuele afleidingstaak en het ophalen van een negatieve herinnering met het maken van oogbewegingen op de mate van levendigheid en emotionaliteit. Daarnaast dient het onderzoek als replicatie van Kavanagh et al. (2001) die hetzelfde beoogde te onderzoeken, maar geen rekening hield met de cognitieve belasting van de taken. Uit de resultaten van het huidige onderzoek blijkt dat de oogbewegingstaak en de visuele afleidingstaak verschillen in de mate van vertraging op de reactietijdtaak. De oogbewegingen leiden tot een grotere vertraging. Desondanks laten de resultaten van het experiment zien dat tijdens het toepassen van de interventies de visuele ruis tot grotere reductie van zowel levendigheid als emotionaliteit leidt in vergelijking met de oogbewegingen en het niets doen. Oogbewegingen laten intermediaire resultaten zien. Het lijkt er op dat de resultaten in strijd zijn met de gangbare werkgeheugentheorie en de ‘afleidingstheorie’ ondersteunen als verklaring voor de werkzaamheid van EMDR. Het is wellicht afleiding dat voldoende zou kunnen zijn om de werkzaamheid van EMDR te bewerkstelligen. Meer onderzoek is nodig om deze resultaten te ondersteunen.

The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) intervention is multiple used in health care and is one of the most studied treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. The popularity of this intervention may also be attributed to the demonstrated efficacy of EMDR for reducing trauma symptoms. EMDR is a treatment designed to reduce the brightness and aversiviteit memories of trauma reduction. During the intervention is retrieving traumatic memories while making eye movements centrally. In recent years labstudies used to determine how EMDR works. These studies show that the load on working memory by a dual task is an important component of EMDR. The memory has a limited capacity ie. This ensures that there is less capacity available for the traumatic memory during treatment when it is subjected to a task (eg eye movements). The working memory theory is useful, but there may be a simpler explanation for the efficacy of EMDR: distraction. It is practical to know how EMDR works so that more clarity about exactly how EMDR should be applied. In addition, the concept of the operation of EMDR important for determining the potential usefulness in multiple disorders. The purpose of the present experiment is to critically examine whether there is a difference between getting a negative memory with a visual distraction task and retrieval of a negative memory making eye movements on the degree of vividness and emotionality. Research must also as a replication of Kavanagh et al (2001) that the same was intended to investigate, but took no account of the cognitive load of the tasks. The results of the present study show that the oogbewegingstaak and visual distraction task differences in the extent of delayed response task. The eye movements lead to a longer delay. Nevertheless, the results of the experiment show that while applying the intervention visual noise to greater reduction in both vividness and emotionality results in comparison with the eye movements and do nothing. Eye movements show intermediate results. It seems that the results are contrary to the usual working memory theory and the "distraction theory 'support as an explanation for the efficacy of EMDR. It might distractions that may be sufficient to establish the efficacy of EMDR to achieve. More research is needed to support these results.

Keywords: Theory Derivation Working Memory Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

111. Struik, A. (2010, April). De zes testen, een stabilisatie methode voor chronisch getraumatiseerde en dissociatieve kinderen [The six tests, a stabilization method for chronically traumatized children and dissociative]. Presentatie Aan de Vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
De zes testen, een stabilisatie methode voor chronisch getraumatiseerde en dissociatieve kinderen. De stabilisatie en behandeling van deze kinderen kan gecompliceerd zijn. Vanzelfsprekend is het creëren van een veilige omgeving en een hechtingsfiguur een eerste stap. Maar wat dan? Deze kinderen functioneren soms ogenschijnlijk goed. Hun vermijdingsstrategieën zijn effectief en ze weigeren om over het trauma te praten of zeggen dat ze het vergeten zijn. Ze hebben er geen last meer van. Maar de verleiding van de therapeut om dan geen slapende honden wakker te maken is een gevaarlijke. Want onder deze ogenschijnlijk goed functionerende buitenkant, zit een constant alert, angstig en eenzaam kind. Dit kind kan zich niet hechten en dit gebrek aan veilige hechting is verwoestend voor de ontwikkeling. Dit wordt echter vaak alleen zichtbaar door er expliciet naar te zoeken. In deze presentatie zal ik ‘De zes testen’ demonstreren, een stabilisatie methode voor kinderen en een bewerking van de drie testen (Spierings, 2008). De zes testen helpen de therapeut om te beslissen of een kind verdere stabilisatie nodig heeft en hoe dat te bereiken, voordat met EMDR gestart kan worden. Aan de hand van casuïstiek wordt dit proces en het gebruik van stabilisatietechnieken gedemonstreerd. De kinderen moeten technieken leren om emoties te reguleren en stress te verminderen. Dan wordt het hechtingssysteem geactiveerd, zodat ze stress kunnen reguleren door steun te zoeken. Zo vermindert de noodzaak tot dissociatie. Door problemen die het kind ervaart te koppelen aan ervaringen in het verleden wordt het kind gemotiveerd om naar de trauma’s te kijken en met EMDR te starten. Dan worden nog aanpassingen in het EMDR protocol besproken voor dissociatieve kinderen om ze in het desensitisatie proces te houden en wordt besproken hoe EMDR kan worden geïntegreerd in een gefaseerde behandeling. Spierings, J. (2008). Stabilisatie, een gestructureerd programma voor taxatie en interventie. In: Ten Broeke, E. De Jongh, A., & Oppenheim, H. Praktijkboek EMDR. Amsterdam: Harcourt

The six tests, a stabilization method for chronically traumatized and dissociative children. The stabilization and treatment of these children can be complicated. Obviously, creating a safe environment and an attachment figure is a first step. But what then? These children sometimes seem to function properly. Their avoidance strategies are effective and they refuse to talk about the trauma or say they are forgotten. They have no more trouble. But the seduction of the therapist and then to wake sleeping dogs is dangerous. For among these seemingly well-functioning exterior, is a constant alert, anxious and lonely child. This child can not attach and the lack of secure attachment is devastating for the development. This is often visible only by explicitly to search. In this presentation I will "The six tests" demonstrate a stabilization method for children and an adaptation of the three tests (Spierings, 2008). The six tests help the therapist to decide whether a child needs further stabilization and how to reach before EMDR can be started. Using case studies this process and the use of stabilization techniques are demonstrated. The children must learn techniques to regulate emotions and reduce stress. Then the attachment system is activated, so they can be regulated by stress to seek support. Thus reduces the need for dissociation. Due to problems experienced by the child to link past experience the child is motivated to look at the trauma and EMDR to start. Then further adjustments to the EMDR protocol for dissociative children to discuss them in the desensitization process and discusses how to keep EMDR can be integrated into a phased treatment. Spierings J. (2008). Stabilization, a structured program of assessment and intervention. In: Ten Broeke, E. De Jongh, A., & Oppenheim, H. EMDR Practice Book. Amsterdam: Harcourt

Keywords: Children Dissociation Six Tests Stabilization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

112. Worthington, R. (2012, April). Dealing with trauma as an intervention for aggression: A review of approaches and the value of reprocessing. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 4(2), 108-118. doi:10.1108/17596591211208319.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of trauma with specific consideration to the neurological impact this has on information processing and potential links with aggression. Design/methodology/approach - This paper provides a summary of the literature in relation to theories of aggression and trauma. The paper considers how the two may interact and overlap and considers a theoretical rationale for why addressing trauma through a treatment such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) may assist to reduce aggression. Findings - The paper argues that the experience of trauma may contribute to inputs which may take a person closer towards engaging in aggression. This is consistent with information processing models and unified models of aggression such as the General Aggression Model. Factors that were specifically identified included physiological hyper-arousal, hostile attributions of stimulus, and neurological impairments. In addition, the paper also argued that there is evidence that as a result of trauma, a person's ability to provide cognitive accounts for the function of their behaviour may also be impaired because of the reduced interactivity between the two prefrontal hemispheres. Research limitations/implications - The paper argues that as a result, interventions designed to reduce aggression may benefit from including additional elements which directly assist clients to process emotional information and that a reprocessing treatment such as EMDR could assist to reduce levels of emotional arousal and improve treatment effectiveness. Differences in the way in which EMDR is carried out and the variances in treatment protocols used should be attended to increase the reliability of future research. Originality/value - Current modes of aggression therapy have focused on exposure based and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). However, there is evidence that EMDR has benefits over exposure and CBT approaches because of the way in which cognitive verbal accounts of the trauma are not required and because EMDR does not require the individual to have insight into their trauma experience and the link with aggression.

Keywords: Aggression Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

113. Berendsen, S. & de Jongh, A. (2006, November). Debriefing of EMDR: Praten en afwachten, of verwerking versnellen? [Debriefing and EMDR: Talking and wait, or processing speed?]. Presentatie aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Netherland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In de afgelopen 20 jaar is het aanvankelijke enthousiasme over debriefing en andere vormen van opvang na schokkende gebeurtenissen onder invloed van wisselende onderzoeksresultaten behoorlijk getemperd doordat de effectiviteit steeds meer ter discussie kwam te staan. De inleiders zullen een overzicht geven van de verschillende vormen van vroege hulp na schokkende gebeurtenissen en uiteenzetten hoe men hierbij geconfronteerd werd met het volgende dilemma: • Aan de ene kant mogen interventies het natuurlijke verwerkingsproces niet belemmeren. Zo kan het stimuleren van slachtoffers om direct over hun gedachten en gevoelens te praten conform het CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) model van Mitchell (1983) het risico vergroten dat zij overweldigd worden door de ervaring, hetgeen contraproductief kan werken. Omdat de meeste mensen (70 à 80 %) op eigen kracht herstellen raden de invloedrijke NICE richtlijnen uit 2005 ‘watchfull waiting’ aan: het monitoren van het beloop van de posttraumatische stressreacties bij slachtoffers en het therapeutisch interveniëren wanneer een diagnosticeerbare stoornis tot ontwikkeling komt. • Aan de andere kant zal zo vroeg mogelijk hulp geboden moeten worden aan zogenaamde ‘hoog-risico’ slachtoffers: dit zijn mensen waarvan direct duidelijk is dat ze niet zo maar op eigen kracht zullen herstellen. Vroege hulp is erop gericht om het lijden te bekorten en de ontwikkeling van secundaire problemen te voorkomen (zoals werkverzuim c.q.-verlies, relatieproblemen en middelenmisbruik). De inleiders stellen dat niet afgewacht moet worden totdat na 4 weken een PTSS gediagnosticeerd kan worden en dan pas therapeutisch te interveniëren. Bediscussieerd zal worden hoe vroeg na een schokkende gebeurtenis (enkele dagen tot weken) bij indringende herbelevingen (nare beelden met hoge SUD nivo’s) EMDR effectief ingezet kan worden (dit zal geïllustreerd worden met casuïstiek en videobeelden). Het doel is om bij de ‘laag risico’ mensen het natuurlijke verwerkingsproces te versnellen en bij de ‘hoog risico’ mensen een verwerkingstoornis te voorkomen.

Over the past 20 years, the initial enthusiasm for debriefing and other forms of relief after shocking events under the influence of changing research properly tempered by the effectiveness is increasingly being called on them. The speakers will give an overview of the various forms of early support after traumatic events and explain how this was confronted with the following dilemma: • On the one hand, the interventions do not impede natural process. Thus, encouraging victims to direct their thoughts and feelings to talk according to the CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) model of Mitchell (1983) increase the risk that they are overwhelmed by the experience, which is counter-productive work. Because most people (70 to 80%) on its own restore suggest the influential NICE guidelines 2005 'watchful waiting' to: monitoring the course of posttraumatic stress reactions in victims and therapeutic intervention when a diagnosable disorder develops. • On the other hand, as early as possible should be offered help in so-called high-risk victims, these are people whose right it is clear that not just on their own recovery. Early help is designed to minimize suffering and to the development of secondary problems occur (such as absenteeism or loss, relationship problems and substance abuse). The speakers that should not wait until 4 weeks after a diagnosis of PTSD can be and then therapeutic intervention. Discussed will be how soon after a shocking event (several days to weeks) in penetrating reliving (unpleasant images with high levels SUD's) EMDR can be used effectively (this will be illustrated with case studies and video). The goal is to "low risk" people's natural process to speed up and at 'high risk' people to avoid a processing disorder.

Keywords: Debriefing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

114. DeGraffenried, D. F. (2005, September). Developing EMDR practice in community mental health & agency settings: Working with clinical or administrative reluctantance. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR has not achieved full acceptance as a practice model within community mental health and agency settings. Some agencies are reluctant to develop an EMDR practice due to administrative concerns, clinical apprehensions or implementation reluctance. This resistance has constrained the development of EMDR in communities of color, those that are impoverished and often in settings where post traumatic stress is the focus of treatment. This workshop will identify the three common areas or agency reluctance concerning EMDR and will demonstrate the use af a simple assessment tool designed to identify where thc intervention is needed to accomplish change and support EMDR integration into the agency.

Keywords: Client or Administrative Reluctance Community Mental Health Agencies

Accuracy Verified: Yes

115. Laub, B., & Weiner, N. (2011). A developmental/integrative perspective of the recent traumatic episode protocol. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(2), 57-72. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.57.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP) is an adaptation of the eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) standard protocol to the acute phases following trauma. In this article, the R-TEP structure and procedures were analyzed from a developmental/integrative perspective. It is proposed that the therapist's developmental understanding and attunement can enhance the therapeutic dyad and can promote flexible decision making while using the R-TEP procedures. One case illustration of a recent trauma intervention demonstrates the advantage of developmental attunement in using the R-TEP. This perspective enables the therapist to pace the various styles of processing as they relate to the different stages of the memory consolidation process.

Keywords: AIP Model Early EMDR Intervention EEI Memory Consolidation Process R-TEP Recent Events Recent Trauma Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

116. Patti, M. S (2010, April). Diagnosing and treating complex PTSD: An integrated approach model - Borderline personality disorder and comorbid DID: intervening with EMDR, relational and sensorymotor psychotherapies . Symposium at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The paper presents a clinical case of an initial diagnosis of BPD referred to ARP by local psychiatric services where she was treated for a suicide attempt. The client presented serious affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, dissociative symptoms and refused any medication. Clinical team opted for an integrated assessment which also stabilised the client. The assessment enabled to diagnose the client with structural dissociation isolating both ANP and EP aspects. Clinical intervention adopted an integrated approach using EMDR to treat specific dissociative traits, sensorymotor therapy to intervene on somatic symptoms, and relational therapy to develop therapeutic alliance. A preliminary stabilisation enabled the client to accept support from psychiatric services. This clinical case shed light on how the integration of assessment tools may detect better trauma disorders and challenged the importance of collaborative work between private practice and psychiatric services when intervening with seriously traumatized patients.

Keywords: Borderline Personalith Disorder Comorbid DID Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

117. Stierum, A. J., & van Heijningen, J. G. M. (2011, April). Diagnostiek en behandeling van dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen en jeugdigen [Diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders in children and adolescents]. Presentatie op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Inhoud van de workshop: Dissociatie en trauma zijn nauw met elkaar verbonden. Dissociatieve stoornissen worden toch vaak niet herkend en dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen gelden als controversieel. Kinder- en jeugdpsychiaters leren in de opleiding weinig over dissociatieve stoornissen. In de workshop wordt aandacht besteed aan het herkennen van dissociatieve stoornissen bij (seksueel) getraumatiseerde kinderen en aan de behandeling ervan, geïntegreerd in de traumabehandeling. Ernstig getraumatiseerde kinderen hebben vaak meerdere diagnoses, zoals posttraumatische stoornissen essentieel is voor het slagen van een goede traumabehandeling. We bespreken de internationale richtlijnen en recente literatuur over diagnostiek en behandeling van dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen. Neurobiologische aspecten van vroegkinderlijke traumatisering en de gevolgen hiervan voor het kind worden behandeld. Verschillende behandelmethoden zoals eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) en differentiatiefasetherapie worden besproken. Vorm: —— Aan de hand van presentaties worden de theorie en de praktijk van de diagnostiek en het behandelen van dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen en jeugdigen besproken. —— We tonen beeldmateriaal van diagnostiek en behandeling van dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen en jeugdigen. —— Uitwisselen van ervaring en kennis, inbrengen van casuïstiek en discussie. Leerdoel: —— Aan het einde van de workshop erkent de deelnemer het belang van herkennen en behandelen van dissociatieve stoornissen bij getraumatiseerde kinderen en jeugdigen. —— De deelnemer vergroot zijn kennis van diagnostiek en behandeling van dissociatieve stoornissen van kinderen en jeugdigen, waarbij hij op de hoogte is van de recente literatuur. stressstoornis (PTSS) en hechtingsstoornis. Dissociatieve problematiek kan ook verward worden met onder meer obsessieve-compulsieve stoornissen (ODD), aandachtstekortstoornis met hyperactiviteit (ADHD) en vele andere kinderpsychiatrische stoornissen en zo het resultaat van therapieën bemoeilijken. Wij gaan er daarom vanuit dat herkennen en behandelen van dissociatieve.

Contents of the workshop: Dissociation and trauma are closely linked. Dissociative disorders are often not yet recognized and dissociative disorders in children construed as controversial. Child and adolescent psychiatrists learning in the training little dissociative disorders. The workshop focuses on recognition of dissociative disorders (Sexual) traumatized children and the its treatment, integrated into the trauma treatment. Severely traumatized children often have multiple diagnoses, such as post traumatic stress is essential for the success of a good trauma treatment. We discuss the International guidelines and recent literature about diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders in children. Neurobiological Aspects of early childhood trauma and consequences for the child to be treated. Various treatments such as eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and phase modulation therapy are discussed. Form: - Based on the theory presentations and practice of diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders in children and adolescents are discussed. - We show footage of diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders children and adolescents. - Share the experience and knowledge, contribute of cases and discussion. Objective: - At the end of the workshop, the participant acknowledges the importance of recognizing and treating of dissociative disorders among traumatized children and adolescents. - Participants increased their knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders of children and youth, taking on the aware of the recent literature. stress disorder (PTSD) and attachment disorder. Dissociative problem can also confused are including obsessive-compulsive disorder (ODD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and many other children's psychiatric disorders and as a result of therapies difficult. We therefore assume that recognition and treatment of dissociative.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Dissociative Disorders Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

118. Various. (2000, November - December). Dibattito sulla EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) [Debate on EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)]. Avvenuto nelle liste "Psicoterapia" di Psychomedia (PM-PT) e Ipsico.

Language: Italian

Format: Other

Abstract:
Estratto: Ho letto con interesse questo scambio annunci sulla tecnica EMDR. L'EMDR ha anche parlato della recente riunione di Moiano, organizzata da Psicologi per i PeopleOn "modelli di intervento in psicologia di emergenza". Come Moiano, vorrei che potesse approfondire un discorso sul tema, proprio perché in psicologia dello stress post-traumatico, l'EMDR è uno dei temi più controversi discussi da una dozzina di anni. A partire dal accuse "scioccanti" di Francine Shapiro, il creatore del metodo con cui la grande maggioranza delle forme di PTSD regrediti rapidamente con alcune sessioni sono associati con i movimenti oculari saccadici evento traumatico 'immagini, ha sviluppato una linea di grandi dimensioni di ricerca si propone di empiricamente testare la reale efficacia del metodo. I risultati di questi studi sono almeno ambigui. Ciò è sottolineato con forza, come in diverse occasioni i ricercatori indipendenti riuscito a replicare i risultati eccezionali che l'insegnamento EMDR IncorporatedThe azienda vende negli Stati metodo di insegnamento Uniti, hanno pubblicato.

Excerpt: I read with interest this exchange listings on the EMDR technique. EMDR has also spoken of the recent meeting of Moiano, organized by Psychologists for the PeopleOn "models of intervention in emergency psychology". As Moiano, I wish it could deepen a discourse on the subject, precisely because in the psychology of post-traumatic stress, EMDR is one of the most controversial topics discussed by a dozen years now. Starting from the allegations "shocking" of Francine Shapiro, the creator of the method by which the vast majority of forms of PTSD regressed rapidly with some sessions are associated with eye movements saccadic 'imagery traumatic event, has developed a large line of research seeks to empirically test the real effectiveness of the method. The results of these trials are at least ambiguous. This is strongly emphasized, as on several occasions independent researchers failed to replicate the outstanding results that teaching EMDR IncorporatedThe company sells in the United States teaching method, have published.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: No

119. Phillips, M. (2007, September). Die Kraft einer flexiblen integrativen Traumatherapiedie Vereinigung von Ego- State-, Hypno-, Energie- und EMDRPsychotherapie [Energizing self through ego-state therapy, EMDR, and energy psychology methods]. Vortrag im Rahmen der Ersten Europäischer Kongress für Energie-Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Heidelberg, Deutschland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Mit großer Freude kann ich dieses „Highlight“ mit der international führenden Spezialistin der Trauma- Therapie, von Dissoziationsstörungen und auch der Schmerz- Therapie ankündigen. Maggie Phillips gilt ja schon seit vielen Jahren als eine der besten und erfahrensten SpezialistInnen der Ego-State- Therapie. Ihr "Handbuch der Hypnotherapie bei posttraumatischen und dissoziativen Störungen" (zusammen mit C. Frederick) gilt als eines der maßgeblichsten Werke in diesem Feld. Als einer der ersten ExpertInnen weltweit wies sie aber auch immer wieder darauf hin, dass gerade für den Bereich multipler posttraumatischer und dissoziativer Störungen der Zugang mit einer Methode häufig nicht ausreicht. In beeindruckender Weise drückt ihr Werk "Finding the Energy to Heal: How EMDR, Hypnosis, TFT, & Body Focused Therapy Can Help Restore Mindbody Health (W.W. Norton, 2000)" ihre wunderbare Fähigkeit zum Ausdruck, unterschiedliche Konzepte zu einer sehr effektiven und flexiblen und dabei völlig konsistenten Gesamt- Interventionsmodell für diese schwierigen Aufgaben zu integrieren. Auch ihr neues Buch "Reversing Chronic Pain" verspricht alle Qualitäten für ein Meisterwerk. Wer mit ihr schon einmal gearbeitet hat oder sie in ihrer Arbeit erleben durfte, kann ihre große sehr achtungsvolle Haltung, Einfühlsamkeit und Kongruenz, gepaart mit geradezu virtuoser Fachkompetenz nur bestätigen.

It is with great pleasure that I can highlight to the world's leading specialist in trauma- Therapy, and also announce Dissoziationsstörungen of the pain therapy. Maggie Phillips is yes for many years as one of the best and most experienced specialists of the ego-state therapy. Their "Manual of hypnotherapy for post-traumatic and dissociative disorders" (with C. Frederick) is considered one of the most authoritative works in this field. As one of the first experts worldwide, it also repeatedly pointed out that especially for the Multiple range post-traumatic and dissociative disorders, access to a method frequently is not sufficient. In impressively expresses its work, "Finding the Energy to Heal: How EMDR, Hypnosis, TFT, & Body Focused Therapy Can Help Restore Mind Body Health (WW Norton, 2000), "her wonderful Ability to express different concepts in a very effective and flexible and in complete to integrate consistent overall model of intervention for these difficult tasks. Her new book, "Reversing Chronic Pain" promises all the qualities of a masterpiece. Anyone who has worked with her before, or could they experience in their work, may their very large respectful attitude, empathy and congruence, coupled with an almost virtuoso expertise only . Confirm

Keywords: Ego State Therapy Energy Psychology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

120. Gelbach, R. A., & Davis, K. E. B. (2007). Disaster response: EMDR and family systems therapy under communitywide stress. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 387-404). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Disaster is commonly understood as an overwhelming misfortune that is not easily overcome or set right. Though our lives may go on after a disaster, it is virtually certain that they will have been transformed in some profound way. Nevertheless, it is very clear that not all who live through a disaster will be traumatized by it and that only a fraction of survivors will develop trauma-related disorders such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Societies that have resources and choose to use them to shore up the infrastructure quickly and effectively will buffer their populations from increasing levels of PTSD. The impact of disasters on family and societal function and intervention priorities are discussed here. Report of the Task Force (2002) of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies is summarized next. The chapter then discusses psychotherapy as a response to disaster. Two approaches to postdisaster psychotherapy that have adapted well in diverse cultural environments are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) and family systems approaches. The therapy process is presented next. Other topics here include family and cultural considerations and group treatment. A case example is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Disaster Response Disasters Emotional Trauma Family Systems Therapy Family Therapy Post Disaster Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stress Society Therapy Process

Accuracy Verified: Yes

121. Cotraccia, A. (2008, June). Disorganized attachment in the “worried well”: EMDR in the treatment of adjustment disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will begin with a focus on current Adjustment Disorder literature. This section will highlight problems of intrapersonal and interpersonal attunement as defined from an Interpersonal Neurobiological perspective. Furthermore, literature on attachment theory will explore the importance of contingent communication in the development of an integrated mind. The relevance of intersubjective experience in adaptive information processing will help participants learn to identify experiences of misattuned communication as relational trauma. Information processing will further be explored as related to self states. An emphasis on recognizing “cohesive vs coherent” self states will be made. The understanding of the multiplicity of the mind in this section will provide a context for considering dissociation from an attachment theory perspective. In addition the emergence of cohesive and “disaggregated” self states will be highlighted as a result of the disorganized attachment experience. This particular type of relational trauma will be conceptualized as a betrayal trauma. Disavowal of self states will be established as salient in the vagueness of presenting complaints in the patient with an Adjustment Disorder. AIP case conceptualization of Adjustment Disorders will be established and a focus for the remainder of the workshop. Identification of memory networks associated with disorganized/unresolved experiences and integration of cohesive self states will follow. The 8 phased 3 pronged protocol or modified egostate specific targeting will be highlighted with a case study. Participants will learn to organize a treatment plan around negative cognitions, affects and behaviours reflected in the presenting problem and history.

Keywords: Adjustment Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

122. Fraser, G., & Welburn, K (1999, November). Dissociative table technique: Guided imagery strategy for PTSD with dissociation. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In keeping with the theme of bridging gaps across disciplines, the Dissociative Table Technique brings to this trauma conference a strategy from the field of dissociative disorders. This therapeutic adjunct has been used by many therapists over the past 10 years for managing dissociated ego states in trauma victims who also have dissociation as part of their clinical picture. This strategy has been used with dissociative disorders, Ego-State therapy and more recently in conjunction with EMDR for patients having dissociative state alterations in addition to their PTSD. This guided imagery strategy provides a protocol for clinical intervention in such clients and will provide an additional therapeutic adjunct for trauma workers when PTSD is complicated by dissociative pathology. Based on gestalt, guided imagery and hypnosis strategies, the Dissociative Table Technique assists the clinician to bring order to the random dissociation which can complicate therapy in such cases. Also clients can be taught to become aware of and integrate dissociated ego states. This strategy must be carefully considered as it can have a profound effect on the dissociative processes. It is advised that it only be employed by clinicians whose fields permit hypnosis-based therapy.The workshop will commence with a therapeutic rationale for this technique followed by an outline of the clinical application. Included will be a video introducing the technique in a clinical case. The video will be followed by a second speaker discussing possible applications to EMDR. Useful suggestions for utilizing EMDR in this trance-prone population (those with dissociation in addition to PTSD) will be addressed in addition to presenting clinical examples in which the Dissociative Table Technique was integrated with EMDR in appropriate clinical groups.

Keywords: Dissociative Table Technique Dissociation Guided Imagery Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

123. Muret, M. (2010, April). Dissociative vs. associative techniques to treat dissociation. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In the past two decades, various effective techniques have been developed for the treatment of trauma: EMDR, EMI, EFT, OEI, NLP, SE, etc. These different techniques inevitably raise the question: “Which techniques should be used for which patients? “ Because dissociative disordered patients may react to trauma work with dissociative detachment, a "low impact" technique is needed. Thus, therapeutic approaches that employ a certain degree of dissociative distancing seem to be well-suited to dissociative patients. Richard Bandler (NLP) and, more recently, Cary Craig (EFT) have developed calm, nondramatic ways to address trauma and solve problems. EMDR, a more associative method, seems better suited to stable patients who possess good resources. This workshop will present a continuum that locates techniques along a scale of increasing degrees of confrontation. Special attention will be given to EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques), an easy-to-learn method. Techniques for reinforcing the Somatic Self during EMDR sessions will be explained. The second part of this workshop will present a conceptualization for these techniques, based on the works of Stephen Porges, Ellert Nijenhuis and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (Flow Theory).
Learning Outcomes The attendee will learn to consider the danger(retraumatization) of an intervention. According to the kind of patient and situation, he will be better able to choose the best available technique. For newcomers a basic methode of EFT will be taught, that can be later used in simple cases. Through a "participative" teaching the attendee will understand and integrate difficult abstracts concepts like: polyvagal model, structural dissociation, mental tension, ...

Keywords: Associative Techniques Dissociation Dissociative Technqiues

Accuracy Verified: Yes

124. Krafona, K. (2010). Does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have any utility in intellectual disabilities? Two bereavement case reports. The Ghana International Journal of Mental Health, 2(1).

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are to some extent discriminated against when it comes to the psychotherapies. The long held belief that individuals with ID do not benefit from such interventions has been attributed in part to communication difficulties, lack of insight and lack of language sophistication. Yet, it is well known that these individuals are about four-fold at risk of developing mental health problems. Cognitive behavior therapies (CBT) and other related therapies are becoming more recognized in the field of intellectual disabilities. Loss and bereavement is common among people with ID but their exposure to interventions such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been limited. EMDR is a psychological intervention that encompasses many aspects of traditional therapies such as CBT and psychodynamic therapies. There is little research in this area for people with ID. This paper reports two cases in individuals with intellectual disabilities who were struggling with bereavement. They appear to have benefited from EMDR sessions and there may be scope for research to establish its efficacy in this field.

Keywords: Intellectual Disabilities

Accuracy Verified: Yes

125. Ravaglia, G. (2003). E.M.D.R. e percorso analitico [EMDR and path analysis]. Gianfranco Ravaglia.

Language: Italian

Format: Other

Abstract:
Le tesi sviluppate negli scritti di questo sito rinviano a vari indirizzi psicoterapeutici che convergono nel considerare i disturbi psicologici come esiti di atteggiamenti difensivi intenzionali, anziché come "effetti" di "cause" intrapsichiche o ambientali. Il cliente in analisi non è quindi considerato un malato da curare, ma un soggetto che ha costruito le sue difese e che per questo può anche cambiare. Il lavoro analitico verte sul chiarimento delle convinzioni irrazionali su cui si fonda la strategia difensiva della persona e sull'esplorazione dei vissuti profondi non integrati nell'infanzia perché sentiti in tale epoca come intollerabili. Il lavoro analitico si basa sull'idea che i sintomi, gli atteggiamenti difensivi ed anche molti atteggiamenti considerati normali costituiscano una risposta ragionevole nell'infanzia, ma irrazionale nella vita adulta, al dolore. Il bambino evita il dolore, mentre l'adulto può accettarlo perché dispone di risorse che nell'infanzia non aveva. Il lavoro analitico ha come obiettivo l’elaborazione delle esperienze dolorose attuali e dei vissuti dolorosi del passato. Non “cura” i disturbi psicologici, ma serve a renderli superflui; consente quindi alla persona in analisi non solo di "star meglio", ma di modificare l'atteggiamento complessivo nei confronti della sua esistenza. Dal 2000 ad oggi questo sito è cresciuto includendo ogni anno nuovi lavori. Per ogni saggio indico la data della prima pubblicazione; indico anche quella dell’ultima revisione solo nei casi in cui parti significative sono state aggiunte.

The arguments in the writings of this site refer to various addresses psychotherapy converge in considering the results of psychological disorders such as defensive intentional, rather than "effects" of "causes" intrapsychic or environmental. The customer analysis is therefore not considered a patient to be cured, but a person who has built his defenses and that this may also change. The analytical work focuses on clarifying the irrational beliefs underlying the defensive strategy of the person and the exploration of deep feelings are not integrated in childhood because at that time felt as intolerable. The analytical work is based on the symptoms, the defensive and many considered normal behavior in childhood constitute a reasonable response, but irrational in adult life, the pain. The child avoids the pain, while the adult can accept it because it has resources that childhood did not have. The analytical work has as objective the development of painful experiences of current and past painful experiences. Not cure psychological disorders, but serves to make them redundant; then allows the person in analysis not only of "getting better", but change the overall attitude towards its existence. Since 2000 this site has grown to include new works each year. For each test indicates the date of first publication, also indicates that the last review only in cases where significant parts have been added.

Keywords: Path Analysis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

126. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2008). Early EMDR intervention (EEI): A summary, a theoretical model, and the recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 79-96. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.79.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article examines existing early EMDR intervention (EEI) procedures, presents a conceptual model, and proposes a new comprehensive protocol: the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol (R-TEP). A review of research and important professional issues regarding application and parameters are presented. The commonly used EEI protocols and procedures are summarized, with the inclusion of descriptive case examples from the Lebanon war and a review of related research. Then a theoretical model is presented in which traumatic information processing is conceptualized as expanding from a narrow focus on the sensory image (perceptual level) to a wider focus on the event/episode (experiential level) and finally to a broad focus on the theme/identity (meaning level). The relationship of this model to the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol is articulated and case examples are presented. Theoretical speculations are discussed relating to attention regulation and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model. Further research is encouraged. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Cognitive Processes Crisis Intervention Early EMDR Intervention Emergency Room Patients Israel-Hezbollah War Israelis Prevention of PTSD Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Recent Events Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

127. Shapiro, E., & Fernandez, I. (2013, June). Early EMDR intervention (EEI): Theory, Practice and research application in a mass disaster. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR has demonstrated effectiveness in treating chronic PTSD and old trauma memories, yet Early EMDR Intervention (EEI) protocols have not received sufficient attention from EMDR researchers or clinicians.
As part of a comprehensive approach to EEI, this workshop presents the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP), which is an integrative protocol that incorporates and extends existing EMDR protocols within a new conceptual framework, together with additional measures for containment and safety. The application of the R-TEP will be presented with video case illustrations as well as a report of its utilisation in a mass disaster situation.
Intervening with EMDR in mass disasters has proven to give a significant contribution to this field. During the workshop the structure of an intervention in the acute phase will be described. Recent developments have been seen in the earthquake that hit northern Italy earlier this year, where EMDR was the most widely used approach and utilised with more than 2000 survivors. Epidemiological data and measured changes in post-traumatic stress before and after EMDR will be presented and practical guidelines for implementation of EMDR in the acute and chronic phase of trauma after a mass disaster outlined.
Learning objectives: Identify and comprehend distinctive issues pertaining to Early EMDR Intervention in general. Identify and comprehend key features, procedures and concepts of the EMDR Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP); Evaluate the advantages of the R-TEP protocol for Early EMDR Intervention; Assess the advantage of early EMDR intervention during the acute phases following a natural disaster; and Learn the logistics involved with applying the EMDR R-TEP protocol on a large scale in a post mass disaster while obtaining pre-post and follow-up data measures.

Keywords: Early Intervention Theory EEI Mass Disaster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

128. Lueger-Schuster, B., & Olff, M. (2008, June). Early intervention following traumatic events. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
On successful completion of the workshop, participants will be able to: · Describe the commonly used approaches to early intervention following traumatic events and the rationale behind them including blanket intervention, targeted interventions and the timing of them. Describe specific interventions including critical incident stress debriefing, psychological debriefing, psychological first aid, critical incident stress management, trauma risk management, supportive counselling and trauma focused cognitive behavioural therapy. Discuss the current evidence base for the effectiveness of early interventions following traumatic events.

Keywords: Early Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

129. Bisson, J. (2006, June). Early intervention method as an EMDR method. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Recommendation • All chronic PTSD sufferers should be offered a course of trauma-focused CBT or EMDR, normally on an individual OP basis, regardless of time since trauma. • Usually 8-12 sessions, some at 90 minutes. • May need to be longer than 12 sessions if multiple trauma, co-morbidity, traumatic bereavement… • Training and competence essential.[Excerpt]

Keywords: Recents Events Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

130. Ruzek, J. I., Bisson, J. I., Schnyder, U., Ritchie, E. C., & Watson, P. J. (2001, December). Early intervention to prevent PTSD: Visions of the next generation of services. Presentation at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Although most human service professionals believe in the utility of early intervention post-trauma to prevent development of chronic psychological problems, there is little agreement as to the appropriate forms of care. A range of psychological interventions has been advocated for use with various traumatized populations within days or weeks of their trauma exposure, including education about trauma and stress reactions, critical incident stress debriefing (CISD), cognitive-behavioral brief intervention packages, EMDR, and psychopharmacological interventions. Currently, prospective research studying response to trauma and beginning within hours or days of the traumatic event is increasing rapidly, and a number of recent publications have suggested the potential effectiveness of some early interventions in preventing development of PTSD. Recent support for such interventions is developing at the same time that the evidence for the most popular early intervention, debriefing, is being called into question. In this panel discussion, four members of the recently initiated ISTSS “Early Interventions” Special Interest Group will describe their personal views as to what the next generation of early intervention services will look like, how existing models of early intervention should be improved based on current research and theory, and how improved services can be implemented in real-world settings.

Keywords: Early Intervention Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

131. Dyregrov, A. (2006, March). Early interventions following disasters – A place for EMDR and trauma therapy?. Presentation at the 4th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Considerable professional debate exists regarding the role of mental health professionals in the early intervention following disasters. Emotional first aid is a natural part of disaster response in western countries, while the active involvement of mental health professionals is debated. The current paradigm is to screen to find those at risk after a period of time (usually > 1 month) and then refer those in need to more active traumatherapeutic assistance based on the screening results. Dr. Dyregrov will argue for an active role for mental health professionals in the early response, but will discuss and question whether EMDR or other specific trauma therapy should be offered within the first few weeks following a disaster.

Keywords: Disasters Early Interventions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

132. Hollander, H. E., & Bender, S. S. (2001, January-April). ECEM (Eye Closure Eye Movements): Integrating aspects of EMDR with hypnosis for treatment of trauma. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(3-4), 187-202. doi:10.1080/00029157.2001.10404276.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The paper addresses distinctions between hypnotic interventions and Eye Movement Desensitizing and Reprocessing (EMDR) and discusses their effect on persons who have symptoms of PTSD. Eye movements in hypnosis and EMDR are considered in terms of the different ways they may affect responses in treatment. A treatment intervention within hypnosis called ECEM (Eye Closure, Eye Movements) is described. ECEM can be used for patients with histories of trauma who did not benefit adequately from either interventions in hypnosis or the EMDR treatment protocol used separately. In ECEM the eye movement variable of EMDR is integrated within a hypnosis protocol to enhance benefits of hypnosis and reduce certain risks of EMDR. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Hypnotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

133. Kutz, I., Dekel, R., Schreiber, S., Resnick, V., Dolberg, O. T., Barkai, G., Leor, A., Rapoport, E., & Bloch, M. (2008, November). The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Early diagnosis and intervention in mass casualty events: Since September 2000, Israeli and Palestinian societies suffered great losses. on the Israeli side, civilians of all ages, and ethnic groups, have been exposed to various types of terrorist attacks. This symposium examines issues of diagnosis and interventions

The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes: Purpose: To examine the efficacy of a single session of a modified abridged EMDR protocol in reducing Acute Stress Syndromes (ASS) following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Methods: Treatment was provided, in a general hospital inpatient and out-patient setting to 86 patients with ASS. Friday: 11:00 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. Presenters are underlined and discussants are italicized. If serving in both roles, they are both underlined and italicized. Findings: Fifty percent reported immediate fading of their intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of their distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms, while 23% reported no improvement. Four week and six month follow-up, in the terror victims group only, showed that the immediate responders remained symptom free, while half of the non-responders, who also received subsequent additional interventions modalities, were still symptomatic. Conclusions: The difference in response may be attributed, in part, to the fact that immediate responders tended to have an uncomplicated ASS with fewer risk factors for PTSD, while the non-responders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention in uncomplicated cases and offer a psycho-physiological hypothesis for immediate response. While additional controlled studies are essential, this immediate symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Bombings Israel Palenstine Panel Symposium Terrorists

Accuracy Verified: Yes

134. Rooijmans, J., Rosenkamp, N. H. G., Vernholt, P., & Visscher, R. A. (2012). The effect of eye movements on craving, pleasantness and vividness in smokers. Social Cosmos, 3(2), 200-214.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The presence of craving is an important factor in continuing smoking. Following the Elaborated Intrusion (EI) theory of Desire, craving is effective through the formation of smoking-related mental images. In the current study, craving was generated through the use of a future personal smoking-related image. Eye movements were observed in accordance with the Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) intervention. The effect of these eye movements on craving was investigated. In addition, the effect of eye movements on the pleasantness and vividness of the image was examined. 36 participants took part in a withinsubjects design with repeated measures. In line with expectations, perceived craving decreased immediately after the experimental condition (eye movements) was experienced. This decrease was not found in the control condition (fixation on a plain wall). After recall of the smoking-related image, the extra measurement showed that the decrease was temporary. Contrary to expectations, the degree of pleasantness and vividness did not decrease after eye movements. In conclusion, the eye movements were found to have only a temporary effect on craving for cigarettes, and did not result in desensitization of the pleasantness and vividness of the personal smoking-related images.

Keywords: Craving EI-Theory Eye Movement Smoking

Accuracy Verified: Yes

135. Kutz, I., Resnik, V., & Dekel, R. (2008). The effect of single-session modified EMDR on acute stress syndromes. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 190-200. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.190.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A single session of a modified, abridged EMDR protocol was provided in a general hospital inpatient and outpatient setting to 86 patients with acute stress (AS) syndrome suffering from intrusion distress following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Fifty percent reported immediate fading of intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms and distress, while 23% reported no improvement. Partial and nonresponders were provided with or referred for more comprehensive treatment. At 4-week and 6-month follow-up, the immediate responders in the terror victims group remained symptom free. The immediate responders tended to have uncomplicated AS symptoms with fewer risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while the nonresponders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention on intrusive symptoms in early uncomplicated posttraumatic cases. Although more controlled studies are essential, this immediate method for symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Intrusions Mass Casualty Event MCE Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

136. Yarosh, D. (2002, June). Effective EMDR for high-functioning clients with intimacy problems. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
To treat high-functioning clients who suffer from intimacy problems EMDR must be integrated into a necessarily long-lerm treatment where issues of relationship and attachment are paramount. Participants will learn to integrate EMDR into existing long-term treatments or to create new comprehensive treatment plans with the cooperation of the client. Participants will learn to use Greenwald's Motivational Interview to set goals, a Trauma History to prioritize EMDR targets, and the interweaving of Resource Development and Installation into the ongoing treatment. Special interweaves helping clients integrate the successful parts of their lives lnto the parts where they are developmentally immature will be illustrated. Issues of timing and ego stabilization will be discussed.

Keywords: Motivational Interview Resource Installation Trauma History

Accuracy Verified: Yes

137. Smith, G. (2004, September). Effectively applying 8 phases of EMDR to any age child or adolescent. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will provide a comprehensive system for effectively applying the eight phases of the EMDR protocol with any age client. Participants will learn: 1) Three critical components of effective EMDR Case Conceptualization with children; 2) Steps to take in the Preparation Phase to ensure optimal client safety and treatment effectiveness; 3) Age-based variations for doing BLS and obtaining the Picture, NC, PC, VOC, Emotions, SUDS, and Physical Sensations; 4) Strategies for facilitating optimal processing with children, including strategies for intervention when processing is blocked or looping; 5) Closure and reevaluation strategies for enhancing treatment effectiveness with children.

Keywords: 8 Phases Adolescents Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

138. Merckelbach, H., Hogervorst, E., Kampman, M., & de Jongh, A. (1994). Effects of '"eye movement desensitization" on emotional processing in normal subjects. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22(4), 331-335. doi:10.1017/S1352465800013217.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A number of single case reports have made impressive claims for the efficacy of "eye movement desensitization" (EMD) in the treatment of traumatic memories. Many of these case reports claim that EMD reduces the unpleasant feelings associated with traumatic images. However, at present, there are no published controlled studies that provide evidence for these claims. The present experiment investigated whether EMD inhibits emotional responding during retrieval of aversive information. Normal Ss (N = 40) were exposed to an aversive slide. During a next stage, half of the Ss underwent EMD while they rehearsed the slide information, whereas the other half underwent a control procedure (i.e., finger tapping) while rehearsing slide information. Before and after EMD or control intervention, heart rate and self-report data were obtained while Ss retrieved and visualized the aversive slide. No evidence was found to suggest that EMD inhibits emotional reactivity more than does finger tapping. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Aversive Stimulation Emotional Responding During Retrieval of Aversive Information Emotional Responses Eye Movements Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

139. Altan Aytun, O., Ozcan, G., Ciftci, A,. Konuk, E. Yuksek, H., Karakus, D., Cavusoglu S., & Vatan Ozcelik, D. (2010, June). The effects of early EMDR interventions (EMD and R-TEP) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In Treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Presenter: Filiz Kaya
The present study is carried out within a psychological counseling project which is governed by Istanbul metroplitan Municipality. The study was designed to assess the effects of Early EMDR Intervention (EEI) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Gungoren, Istanbul. Subjects were the victims of a terrorist bombing in Gungoren, Istanbul. The participants were selected from a pool of children and adults, who lived in Gungoren and scored high on the Turkish version of 'Impact of Event Scale' (IES) and PTSD Symptom Checklist. The subjects were contacted 2 days after the bomb attack so that we were able to measure the event impact right after the traumatic experience, which will help us to demonstrate how EMDR affects the impact of the event more accurately. Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) as an EEI technique was used to treat the child participants, whereas Recent Traumatic Event Protocol (R-TEP) which incorporates the EMD and Recent Event (RE) protocols, was received by the adult participants The therapists (EMDR certified therapists, who were receiving supervision) met with the participants weekly to work only on the trauma of the bombing and participants completed impact of Event Scale prior to each session. The number of the sessions was restricted to the completion of EMD and R-TEP. The study is completed with a three month follow-up. Analyses of the data collected from the participants demonstrates the level of effectiveness of EMDR in children and adults, in prevention of PTSD and the use of EMDR as a crises intervention tool.

Keywords: Acute Stress Bombing Early Interventions EMD Istanbul Recent Events R-TEP Symposoium Terrorism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

140. Istanbul Metropole Municipality. (2009, June). The effects of early interventions (EMD) and (R-TEP) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In A. de Jongh (Chair), PTSD research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Bombings Early Intervention EMD, R-TEP Istanbul Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Recent Events Research Symposium Terrorist

Accuracy Verified: Yes

141. Choi, K. M., Min, J. A., Park, G. H., Lee, S.-H., & Chae, J.-H. (2011). The effects of horizontal eye movement on mental health indices and psychophysiological activities in healthy subjects. Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 18, 148-158.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objectives: The eye movement (EM) has been reported to play a role in enhancing the retrieval of episodic memories and reducing effects of fearful episodes in the past and worries for the futures. However, it is still unclear in the mechanism of EM in normal subjects. We examined the horizontal eye movement (HEM) effect using an aiding apparatus on mental health indices including negative and positive psychological factors, and psychophysiological measures such as heart rate variability and quantitative electroencepaholography (qEEG) in healthy subjects.
Methods: Twenty eight healthy subjects were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups : active HEM group and control group. The active HEM group conducted the HEM training with usual stress management audio-intervention using the apparatus inducing eye movement once a day for 14 days. The control group also conducted the same training once a day for 14 days, however, the saccadic eye movement was not included in this training. Psychological measurements, neurocognitive function tests, heart rate variability measurement and qEEG were conducted before and after the training in both groups.
Results: In the active HEM group, sleep status using Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) positive factors significantly increased after the training. By contrast, scores on the negative items of Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), and negative items of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) were significantly decreased after the training. The percentage of delta amplitude (1-3 Hz) in qEEG significantly decreased after the HEM training. The percentage of alpha amplitude (8-12 Hz) significantly increased after HEM training. The change of delta amplitude in the active HEM group was positively correlated with the change of sleep satisfaction of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the change of alpha amplitude was negatively correlated with depression of VAS, anxiety of VAS and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
Conclusions: The HEM training improved sleep quality and well-being, and sense of optimism. The HEM training also increased alpha amplitude and decreased delta amplitude in qEEG. The qEEG changes were well correlated with subjective improvement of mental health indices in healthy subjects. These results suggest some evidences that HEM training using the apparatus that induces EM would be helpful in improving subjective mental health in healthy subjects. Further study with larger samples size would be needed.

Keywords: Horitzontal Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

142. Farkas, L. (2008, December). The effects of motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) - Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on traumatized adolescents with conduct problems. Universite de Montreal, Canada. AAT NR55659.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Objective.- This dissertation explored the effectiveness of a treatment package, Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) in combination with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This intervention was assessed in a sample of traumatized adolescents manifesting conduct problems (CPs) admitted to youth protective services. CP adolescents have been found to be particularly treatment-resistant and the treatments used with them often neglect to target the trauma that many of these youths have faced. Therefore, it seemed promising to implement a trauma-focused treatment with these youths that accounts for their resistance to treatment. MASTR-EMDR was studied with this population due to the favorable findings in the few studies assessing its use with high-risk populations. In addition to examining the effects of this treatment with CP youth exposed to various types of trauma, a particular focus was given to victims of sexual abuse (SA). This type of trauma seemed particularly suited for EMDR due to its circumscribed nature, which may be more easily worked through in this treatment that targets one trauma at a time.
Method.- Participants in the first study were 40 adolescents (ages 13-17) exhibiting CPs and exposed to trauma in youth protective services. A subsample (n = 30), consisting of victims of SA, was included in the second study. Participants in both studies were randomly assigned to MASTR-EMDR treatment or to a wait list condition where they were offered routine care. Self-report questionnaires and semi- structured interviews were administered to participants and one of their parents or caregivers by independent evaluators at three points in time: pre-treatment, post-treatment (12 weeks later) and follow-up (12 weeks after post-treatment). These measures evaluated trauma history, trauma-related sequelae, CPs, social competence and internalizing problems. The MASTR-EMDR sessions were administered once a week over a 12 week period, with each session lasting a maximum of 1.5 hours.
Results.- ANCOVAs and repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to assess treatment effects and the maintenance of gains at a 3-month follow-up. As predicted, MASTR-EMDR led to significant gains in outcome measures compared to routine treatment with both samples. In addition, gains were maintained at follow-up.
Conclusions.- This dissertation supports the use of MASTR-EMDR in populations exposed to general trauma and SA who exhibit CPs. This research was innovative in its implementation of a novel treatment-approach in youth protective services, where empirically-supported treatments are necessary and sometimes lacking. Therefore, the results have both clinical and scientific value and can help pave the way toward more trauma-focused treatments for CP youth, more evidence-based practices in youth protective services as well as enrich current understanding of the effects of this treatment approach.[Author Abstract]

Keywords: Conduct Problems Protective Services Psychotherapeutic Techniques Trauma Treatment Outcome Youth

Accuracy Verified: Yes

143. Ruozzi, A. (2002). Efficacia dell'EMDR nella psicoterapia del PTSD e dei ricordi traumatici [Effectiveness of EMDR psychotherapy on PTSD and traumatic memories]. Retrieved from http://www.psicotraumatologia.com/pubblicazioni_psicotraumatologia_italiane.htm on 10/13/2012.

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
L’EMDR inoltre progredisce su altri due versanti: da un lato incorpora al suo interno spunti teorici ed applicativi provenienti da diversi paradigmi psicoterapeutici allo scopo di potenziare l’efficacia e la flessibilità (Shapiro, 1995); dall’altro lato, si cerca di applicare il metodo a disturbi che vanno oltre al PTSD. Attualmente nei differenti paesi del mondo le persone che hanno effettuato un training organizzato dall’EMDR Institute sono circa 30.000.In Italia i primi corsi sull’EMDR sono stati condotti nel febbraio 1999 e sono attualmente coordinati dall’Associazione EMDR Italia, a sua volta riconosciuta e patrocinata dalla EMDR Europe (Giannantonio, 2000). L’associazione ha sede a Milano e dispone di un sito internet: www.emdritalia.it. Il dibattito sull’efficacia di questo metodo è tuttora aperto e sono numerose e contrastanti le ricerche che si sono svolte su questo argomento. La questione ha assunto a tratti i toni dello scontro ideologico e sono subentrati anche problemi di carattere commerciale, un metodo che si propone come più efficace e più rapido nella terapia di alcuni disturbi psicologici non può non essere valutato come un rivale, soprattutto in una realtà come quella del Nord America dove le spese per la psicoterapia sono pagate dalle assicurazioni (Giannantonio, 2000). L’EMDR è uno dei metodi che vanta il maggior numero di conferme sperimentali nella psicoterapia del PTSD. Questo gli ha consentito nel 1995 di essere considerata “trattamento probabilmente efficace” (valutazione A/B) nella terapia del PTSD dalla Task Force on Psychological Intervention dell’American Psychological Association. Questa valutazione di efficacia è uguagliata solo dallo Stress Inoculation Training e dalle terapie basate sull’esposizione (Chambless et al., 1998). Gli studi prodotti sull’efficacia dell’EMDR sono numerosi (per una rassegna vedi Giannantonio, 2000), molti sono criticabili perché mal strutturati e con grossi problemi di validità. Esistono tuttavia una serie di studi ben organizzati che si sono dimostrati inattaccabili sul piano metodologico... Questi studi tuttavia commettono uno o più dei seguenti problemi: 1) Impiegano una o due sedute di EMDR con reduci del Vietnam forse anche a causa dell’equivoco suscitato dalla stessa Shapiro (1989) che riferiva risultati importanti nei confronti del PTSD con una sola seduta di EMDR nel 100% dei soggetti. Una tale concezione dell’EMDR non è quella più attuale e condivisa (Shapiro, 1995). 2) Trattano con l’EMDR solo uno o due episodi traumatici in soggetti che devono essere considerati “pluritraumatizzati” (Shapiro, 1999). La presente Tesi è divisa in due parti: nella prima di carattere essenzialmente bibliografico ho analizzato la letteratura esistente sull’EMDR e sul PTSD. Nel secondo capitolo descriverò il Disturbo Post-Traumatico da Stress analizzando i vari approcci teorici al problema del trauma. Nel terzo capitolo verrà analizzata la teoria dell’EMDR ovvero il modello esplicativo ritenuto più adeguato che fa riferimento alla “elaborazione accelerata dell’informazione”. Il quarto capitolo, che conclude la prima parte, riporta il protocollo standard di somministrazione dell’EMDR per adulti e adolescenti. Nella seconda parte viene riportata la descrizione della ricerca che si sta producendo in collaborazione con l’EMDR Italia che si propone di valutare l’efficacia dell’EMDR. Nel quinto capitolo viene descritto il disegno sperimentale. Nel sesto capitolo viene analizzato il metodo di campionamento e i presupposti di validità della ricerca. Nel settimo capitolo sono descritti i test che si è deciso di analizzare nel corso della presente tesi. Infine l’ottavo capitolo si concentra sull’analisi dei primi dati emersi dalla ricerca e sulle prime conclusioni.

EnglishSpanishArabicAlpha EMDR also progressing on two other fronts: on the one hand it incorporates theoretical insights and applications from different psychotherapeutic paradigms in order to enhance the effectiveness and flexibility (Shapiro, 1995), on the other hand, it tries to apply the method to problems that go beyond PTSD. Currently in different countries of the world, people who have a training organized dall'EMDR Institute 30.000.In Italy are about the first courses on EMDR have been conducted in February 1999 and is currently coordinated by the Association EMDR Italy, in turn recognized and sponsored by the EMDR Europe (Giannantonio, 2000). The association is based in Milan and has a website: www.emdritalia.it. The debate on the effectiveness of this method is still open and they are many and conflicting research that took place on this topic. The issue has assumed at times the tone of the ideological battle and were replaced also problems of a commercial nature, a method is proposed as a more effective and faster in the treatment of certain psychological disorders can not be assessed as a rival, especially in a situation such as North America where the cost of psychotherapy are paid by insurance (Giannantonio, 2000). EMDR is one of the methods which has the highest number of experimental confirmation in psychotherapy for PTSD. This enabled him in 1995 to be considered "probably efficacious treatment" (rated A / B) in the treatment of PTSD by the Task Force on Psychological Intervention of the American Psychological Association. This assessment of effectiveness is equaled only by the stress inoculation training and exposure-based therapies (Chambless et al., 1998). Studies on the effectiveness of EMDR are numerous products (for review see Giannantonio, 2000), many are questionable because poorly structured and serious problems of validity. There are however a number of well-organized studies that have proven resistant in terms of methodology: ...... These studies, however, have committed one or more of the following problems: 1) They use one or two sessions of EMDR with Vietnam veterans possibly because of misunderstanding caused by the same Shapiro (1989) who reported significant results against PTSD with a single session of EMDR in 100% of subjects. Such a conception of EMDR is not the most current and shared (Shapiro, 1995). 2) They deal with EMDR only one or two traumatic events in people who should be considered "pluritraumatizzati" (Shapiro, 1999). This thesis is divided into two parts: the first character essentially bibliographic I analyzed the existing literature on EMDR and PTSD. In the second chapter I will describe the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder analyzing the various theoretical approaches to the problem of trauma. In the third chapter we will analyze the theory of EMDR or the explanatory model deemed more appropriate that refers to the "accelerated processing of information." The fourth chapter, which concludes the first part shows the standard protocol of administration of EMDR for adults and adolescents. In the second part shows the description of the research that is being produced in collaboration with the EMDR Italy that aims to assess the effectiveness of EMDR. In the fifth chapter describes the experimental design. In the sixth chapter analyzes the sampling method and the conditions for validity of the research. In the seventh chapter describes the tests it was decided to analyze the course of this thesis. Finally, the eighth chapter will focus on early evidence from research and initial findings.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

144. Swiney, U. M. (2004). The efficacy of EMDR for survivors of a natural disaster: Intervention after Hurricane Floyd. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. AAT 3129821.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered effective for civilian PTSD, but no controlled evaluation of EMDR, or any other treatment for PTSD, has been conducted with adults in a natural disaster context. Following Hurricane Floyd, 8 individuals from disaster-torn North Carolina communities were randomly assigned to 6 sessions of EMDR or a 1-month waiting list followed by treatment. All of the predominantly Caucasian, female participants met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and half reported moderate to severe levels of depression. Participants completed standardized self-report measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety before and after the waiting period, or before, during (Session 4), and after the 6-week intervention. The principal investigator (PI) and blind assistants conducted a PTSD symptom interview before and after treatment and waiting period. Weekly progress was monitored with additional PTSD and depression self-report measures. The PI, a Level II-trained EMDR therapist, provided treatment. Treatment integrity, assessed by undergraduate assistants following an established checklist, was good.Compared to the untreated control condition, EMDR produced significantly larger decreases in self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms, and tended to promote greater improvement in observer-rated PTSD. However, random effects regression analyses of the secondary PTSD measure failed to detect a significant difference between the two groups. In contrast, random regression analyses confirmed a significant decrease in depression during treatment compared to the control condition. Controlled effect sizes for PTSD symptoms were large and compared favorably to research with other trauma populations. Nevertheless, despite sizeable reductions in symptoms, many clients continued to report elevated levels of PTSD even after treatment. In addition, despite random assignment, the average age of the two groups differed, and age was non-significantly but negatively associated with change in PTSD symptoms. This association, and the small size of this sample, limit the interpretation and generalizability of these findings. Thus, while results tentatively support extending EMDR to disaster survivors with depression and PTSD, this work is best considered as preliminary data. Research with a larger sample remains necessary to better evaluate both the impact of treatment and the potentially more complex treatment needs of this population. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(4-B), 2004, pp. 2116.

Keywords: Adults Americans Depressive Disorders Females Hurricane Floyd Hurricanes Posttraumatic Stress Disorders PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Recent Events Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

145. Jeffres, M. J. (2003). The efficacy of EMDR with traumatized children. Fielding Graduate Institute, Santa Barbara, CA. AAT 3100543.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of up to five 60-minute sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for children (ages 8-12) who had suffered one or more traumas. Participants (N = 48) were randomly assigned to either an EMDR experimental group or a waiting list control. They were provided treatment by one of five therapists, all of whom were experienced, independent clinicians having received Level 2 training in the EMDR technique. The therapists followed Shapiro's protocol for children and were in 90% compliance with the protocol. The participants were carefully screened according to Shapiro criteria. This study was unique in that it included an integrated outcome measure (UCLA PTSD Index), consisting of an assessment of PTSD criteria and a rating of symptoms, reported by both parent and child. Analysis of pre-post changes consisted of two 2 x 3 ANCOVAs, one each for the child and adult report. The analysis of covariance revealed a main effect for the covariate (the pretest total PTSD Score), a main effect for group, and a significant group x time interaction effect, for both the child and adult report. Post hoc (Scheffe) analysis revealed that participants maintained the benefits of treatment at 1-month follow-up. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 64(8-B), 2004, pp. 4042.

Keywords: Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Eye Movements Quantitative Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

146. Jensen, J. A. (1992). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a treatment for PTSD symptoms of Vietnam combat veterans. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. AAT 9221917.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMD/R) was compared with that of a control (no treatment) condition in the treatment of Vietnam combat veterans with postraumatic stress disorder. 27 volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to the EMD/R and control conditions, with 13 EMD/R and 12 control subjects completing the entire study. Two therapists trained in EMD/R, and three trained interviewer/testers contributed in running the study.Prior to random assignment, subjects indicated one PTSD-related goal for the study. They were also assessed on a measure of present PTSD symptoms, a measure of subjective anxiety, and a measure of belief in a positive cognition related to war trauma. They were then randomly assigned to conditions, with EMD/R subjects receiving three treatment sessions within a week. Approximately 17 days after the initial assessment, each subject was retested on the measures of PTSD symptoms, subjective anxiety, and of the desired positive cognition. At this time, goal attainment was also assessed, and another general PTSD instrument was given. Statistical analysis of both test-retest and posttest only measures indicated a general lack of effectiveness of EMD/R with the subjects in this study. While EMD/R was effective and statistically superior to the control condition in reducing in-session subjective anxiety, neither condition was effective in improving scores on the two PTSD symptom measures, in contributing to goal attainment, or in increasing subjects' beliefs in their stated desired positive cognition regarding war trauma. This study's lackluster results are in sharp contrast to the considerable success reported in Shapiro'soriginal EMD/R study incorporating few combat veterans. With certain procedural diversions acknowledged, this study's findings provide little support for widespread use of EMD/R as an intervention for Vietnam combat veterans' PTSD symptoms. Implications are that combat veterans with PTSD may comprise a population with distinctly chronic and disturbing symptomotology, and that the brief and novel EMD/R procedure may not be successful with such a population. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Males Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

147. Sellers, J. L. (1997, October). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure as compared to accelerated massed desensitization in the treatment of test anxiety. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA. ATT 9729659.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure had been widely promoted as an effective anxiety reducing treatment, yet the methodology of many studies has not been adequate to clearly investigate the procedure (Lohr, Kleinknecht, Conley, Dal Cerro, Schmidt, & Sonntag, 1992) and comparison treatments have been inappropriately applied (Lohr, Kleinknecht, Tolin & Barrett, 1995). This study compared EMDR and Accelerated Massed Desensitization (AMD), which has been empirically supported as a short term intervention in the treatment of test anxiety. All participants were screened for participation and 38 were determined test anxious, according to the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI; Spielberger, 1980). No subjects were involved in any form of relaxation training or taking any medications to reduce anxiety at the time of their participation. All participants were recruited from college and university classes in the Orange and San Bernardino counties and were paid $10 for their participation. Six therapists and the primary investigator conducted therapy sessions for both treatments. All therapists completed the EMDR training, completed relevant reading materials for the AMD procedure, and followed protocols for both procedures throughout the therapy sessions. Participants were randomly assigned to either the EMDR or AMD treatment condition and a therapist. Participants completed the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, 1983) and the Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUD; Wolpe, 1982) measures at pre and post treatment and at pre and post in-class exam. Participants received two sessions of treatment for each of the conditions. This study hypothesized that the EMDR treatment would significantly reduce anxiety as measured by the STAI and the SUD as compared to the AMD treatment. This study also hypothesized that EMDR would significantly reduce anxiety in both treatment and in vivo settings. Supplementary hypotheses predicted that the AMD treatment would reduce anxiety in both the treatment and in vivo settings. Results indicated that students in the AMD condition experienced more anxiety reduction than students in the EMDR condition. However, both treatments were effective in reducing anxiety in both the treatment and in vivo setting, as measured by the STAI and SUD scales. These results suggest that both treatments may be effective for reducing anxiety. However, the AMD treatment led to greater reductions in anxiety, as compared to the EMDR treatment. It is suggested that further research of the EMDR procedure include suitable comparison groups in order to assess its effectiveness and allow clinicians to choose appropriate treatments based on empirical support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(4-B), Oct 1997, pp. 2139.

Keywords: College or University Students Identified As Test Anxious Efficacy of Eye Movement vs Accelerated Massed Desensitization for Treating Test Anxiety Psychotherapeutic Techniques Sellers Test Anxiety

Accuracy Verified: Yes

148. Fátima Panangeiro, M. F., Torres, A. F. S., Fernandez, R. M., & Trajano, S. R. (2012, Novembro). Eicácia do EMDR na prevenção e cura do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em vítimas de terremoto [Efficacy of EMDR in the prevention and treatment of PTSD with victims of an earthquake]. In comunicações de pesquisa. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introdução: Sabemos que quando uma pessoa vivencia um incidente crítico, essa exposição tem impacto considerável sobre seu funcionamento global. Assim, para assegurar a recuperação dos militares brasileiros que estavam no Haiti, escolhemos a técnica EMDR criada pela Dra.Francine Shapiro, que encontra respaldo teórico em descobertas recentes no campo neuropsicológico para realizar as intervenções. Justificativa: O EMDR é uma técnica eficaz, que permite que o trauma armazenado na memória de curto prazo passe para a memória de longo prazo, uma vez que com os estímulos criam-se novas conexões neurais que trazem alívio, paz e aceitação. Atualmente existem mais de 20 estudos randomizados que apoiam sua eficácia. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da técnica EMDR na recuperação de vítimas de terremoto no Haiti, que apresentavam Transtorno Estresse Pós-Traumático e/ou Transtorno Estresse Agudo. Método: O estudo foi realizado com 14 militares sobreviventes do terremoto ocorrido no Haiti em janeiro de 2010, divididos em dois grupos: A (soterrados) e B (não soterrados). Foram utilizados para avaliação: entrevista inicial entrevista inicial e final, os testes IES- Escala de Impacto de Eventos e ISSL - Inventário de Sintomas de estresse de Lipp (antes e após a intervenção), EMDR, e reencontro (follow-up) seis meses após o último atendimento. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados obtidos no IES, os sujeitos que tinham o nível de estresse entre grave, moderado e leve, passaram após a intervenção para o nível leve e recomendado. Em relação aos sintomas físicos e emocionais (flashbacks, insônia, pesadelos, agressividade, instabilidade de humor e aumento no consumo de álcool), os sujeitos não apresentavam mais a queixa ao término das intervenções. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados apresentados podemos afirmar que o EMDR é uma técnica eficaz para resolução do transtorno estresse pós-traumático, assim como na sua prevenção, em vítimas de terremoto.

Introduction: We know that when a person experiences a critical incident, such exposure has considerable impact on their overall functioning. Thus, to ensure the recovery of the Brazilian military who were in Haiti, we choose the EMDR technique created by Dra.Francine Shapiro, who finds theoretical support in recent discoveries in the field to perform neuropsychological interventions. Rationale: The EMDR is an effective technique that allows the trauma stored in short-term memory to pass the long-term memory, since with the stimuli it creates new neural connections that bring relief, peace and acceptance. Currently there are more than 20 randomized trials that support its effectiveness. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of EMDR technique in the recovery of victims of the earthquake in Haiti, which had Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and / or Acute Stress Disorder. Method: The study was conducted with 14 military survivors of the earthquake in Haiti in January 2010, divided into two groups: A (buried) and B (not buried). All patients were evaluated: initial initial interview and final interview, tests IES-Impact of Events Scale and ISSL - Symptom Inventory stress Lipp (before and after the intervention), EMDR, and reunion (follow-up) six months after the last treatment. Results: According to the results of the IES, the subjects who had the stress level between severe, moderate and mild, passed after the intervention to the level recommended lightweight. Regarding the physical and emotional symptoms (flashbacks, insomnia, nightmares, aggression, mood instability and increased consumption of alcohol), subjects no longer had the complaint at the end of the interventions. Conclusions: Based on the presented results we can state that EMDR is an effective technique for resolution of post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as its prevention, earthquake victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Brazil Earthquake Haiti Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention PTSD Treatment Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

149. Molero-Zafra, M., & Perez-Marín, M. (2009, June). El duelo, la familia, el trauma y el EMDR: Analisis de un caso clínco [Grief, the family, trauma and EMDR: analysis of a clinical case]. Mosaico, 42, 28-35.

Language: Spanish

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
El objetivo de este articulo es mostrar como el acercamiento terapéutico del EMDR puede integrarse en la terapia familiar y narrative favoreciendo y potenciando su poder para restablecer el proceso de duelo. Para ello presentamos el análisis de una caso de duelo complicado tratado con protocolo de EMDR e incluido en un proceso terapéutico de terapia familiar y narrativa.

The aim of this paper is to show how EMDR therapeutic approach can be integrated into family therapy and narrative encouraging and enhancing their power to restore the grieving process. We present the analysis of a case of complicated grief treated with EMDR protocol and included in a therapeutic process of family therapy and narrative.

Keywords: Family Grief Narrative Therapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

150. Artigas, L., & Jarero, I. (2010, Octubre/Noviembre). El EMDR y la intervanción en crisis del nuevo milenio [The EMDR and intervention in the new millennium crisis]. Presentación en el II Congreso Iberoamericano de EMDR y Psicotrauma, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

151. Uribe, M. E. R., Ramirez, E. O. L., & Mena, I. J. (2007, Abril). El impacto positivo de la aproximacion psicoterapeutica EMDR en pacientes con depresion [Positive impact of the psychotherapeutic approach of EMDR in patients with depression]. Asociación Mexicana para Ayuda Mental en Crisis EMDR México.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La aproximación psicoterapéutica EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, en español Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento a través del Movimiento Ocular) aporta en relación al tratamiento de ese problema una postura interesante. Creó un nuevo territorio para la intervención psicoterapéutica, al definir la patología como información que ha sido almacenada disfuncionalmente, pero que puede ser asimilada de manera apropiada o adaptativa cuando se activa funcionalmente el sistema de procesamiento de información. Su creadora Shapiro (1991, 2001, 2002), introdujo a la práctica clínica mediante el modelo llamado Sistema de Procesamiento de Información a un estado Adaptativo (SPIA), los conceptos del procesamiento de información y de las redes asociativas que fueron originalmente presentadas por Lang (1993) y Bower (1981, 1987).

[The psychotherapeutic approach EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, in Spanish Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement) provides in relation to tackling this problem an interesting position. Creating a new territory for psychotherapeutic intervention, to define the pathology and information that has been stored dysfunctional, but can be treated properly or functionally active adaptive when the information processing system. His creative Shapiro (1991, 2001, 2002), introduced into clinical practice using the model called Information Processing System for Adaptive state (SPIA), the concepts of information processing and associative networks that were originally reported by Lang (1993) and Bower (1981, 1987). ]

Keywords: Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

152. Rosental, V. (2008, Diciembre 16). El método de EMDR: Un cambio de paradigma [The method of EMDR: A paradigm shift]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=454 om 1/4/2009.

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack. The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency. He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability Patient refers to the 36 years of age. At the time of the consultation being conducted psychiatric and psychological treatments with no results since 1995, with a diagnosis of Panic Attack. The beginning of the problem is after the Falklands war. It was in 1985 when he choose to go first because he felt well, was very nervous and irritable. The clinician, after several routine tests it shows that he's fine, but prescribed an anxiolytic, psychoactive drug that took for 11 years until 1996. In that year is referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist for his repeated visits to the emergency. He had been in the Falklands war as a conscript. Upon returning, he could not concentrate, so it decided to abandon their tertiary studies a year to graduate. Was isolated in addition to all his friends. He married his neighbor with whom he has two children. Had marital difficulties and job instability Trabajo desde hace años en esta profesión, la psicología, una especialidad que puede ayudar a muchas personas que sufren, que estoy investigando y encontrando nuevas maneras de dar a los pacientes alternativas que conduzcan a un cambio real. En este viaje tuve la oportunidad de explorar el mundo un poco más emocionante de la mente humana a través de un enfoque integrado que cambió mi paradigma de la psicoterapia. Me refiero a EMDR, basado en el modelo de procesamiento de información, una poderosa herramienta para aliviar el sufrimiento de los pacientes que nos consultan a tiempo para mantener sus logros. reprocesamiento de adaptación se lleva a cabo a nivel neurofisiológico que permite a la salud mental.

Working for years in this profession, psychology, a specialty that can help many people suffering, I am researching and finding new ways to give patients alternatives that lead to real change. In this journey I had the opportunity to explore a bit more exciting world of the human mind through an integrated approach that changed my paradigm of psychotherapy. I refer to EMDR, based on the information processing model, a powerful tool to alleviate the suffering of patients who consult us in time sustaining their achievements. Adaptive reprocessing takes place at a neurophysiological level that enables mental health. The letters called EMDR that mean in English: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, which translates as desensitization and reprocessing eye movement. It is a method to work emotional difficulties caused by traumatic events such as war, natural disasters, accidents, assaults, duels unprocessed disturbing childhood experiences as well as phobias, somatic diseases and disorders, anxiety and disruptive behavior.

Keywords: Practice, Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

153. Quinn, G. (2012, June). EMDR & acute stress syndrome/EMDR in early intervention - Immediate ERP treatment following trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress and often are likely to develop PTSD. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s: EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within minutes to hours of exposure to trauma. Learning objectives: Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of history-‐ taking and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. A pilot study (in press) will be presented showing effectiveness at possibly preventing PTSD 2 years later compared to “treatment as usual”

Las víctimas del trauma inmediato frecuentemente exhiben “terror silencioso” o estrés extremo y a menudo son susceptibles de desarrollar TEPT. El Procedimiento de Respuesta en Emergencia (ERP), descrito en el Manual de Catástrofes de los Programas de Asistencia Humanitaria (HAP) y en el libro de EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) ha sido desarrollado para lidiar con víctimas de desastres naturales y causados por el hombre a los minutos u horas de haber sido expuesto al trauma. Objetivos de aprendizaje: Los participantes de este taller aprenderán cómo responder a los clientes en los momentos siguientes al trauma, utilizando PRE. Esto se entenderá en el contexto general de los principios de los Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos. Este mismo enfoque básico se puede utilizar en el caso de una abreacción fuerte durante la fase inicial en la que se realiza la historia del paciente y antes de la Fase de Preparación de EMDR o en otras ocasiones durante el tratamiento cuando los pacientes muestran reacciones emocionales fuertes. De manera similar, el tratamiento con PRE puede considerarse también para pacientes que muestran este “terror silencioso” o estrés extremo durante el tratamiento inicial llevado a cabo por los servicios de asistencia en emergencias en la escena del accidente o en las ambulancias de camino a las instalaciones médicas. Un estudio piloto (en prensa) será presentada mostrando la efectividad de la posibilidad de prevenir el TEPT 2 años después comparándolo con “tratamiento habitual.”

Keywords: Acute Stress Syndrome Early Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

154. Sabey, A. (2008, October). EMDR & children. Presentation at the 1st annual EMDR Yorkshire Autumn Workshop, York, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The use of EMDR with children and adolescents, in a CAMHS setting. Using case studies to demonstrate how EMDR is integrated within a child/person centred approach.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

155. Albers, J. (2008, June). EMDR & cue exposure – How cue exposure catalyses the effectiveness of the EMDR protocol to diminish craving. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A structured six-session group therapy has been developed for overcoming craving. Treatment is based upon a standard EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure techniques. The EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure catalyses the recovery process as follows: In the very beginning the participants are taught a set of three ideodynamic resources for coping with the urge to drink. Then they are exposed to alcohol until the urge to drink reaches it´s peak. At this moment they are taught to initialize the standard EMDR protocol - with continued exposure to alcohol. Subsequently, the power of desensitisation and reprocessing followed by one ideodynamic strategy influences the intensity of craving significantly. Craving symptoms diminish and finally disappear. In addition to that new experience the clients acquire greater and deeper knowledge about their personal drinking triggers. They also find out which strategy is the most effective one for each specific trigger. A strategy, which works well with one trigger, may not work with a different one. Workshop participants will learn the system of using cue exposure as a powerful cognitive interweave. This program is designed to improve the treatment of various types of addiction, such as gambling, etc. and can easily be integrated into existing EMDR treatment strategies.

Keywords: Cue Exposure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

156. Cowart, M. (2011, August). EMDR & embodied cognition: The search for theoretical mechanisms and increased explanatory power. Poster presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A growing number of clinical studies indicate that EMDR is an effective intervention for PTSD. Yet, despite these successes, researchers do not fully understand exactly how the EMDRprotocol works. Specifically, researchers are still trying to isolate the mechanisms that explain how EMDR facilitates cognitive change by diminishing the severity of traumatic memories resulting from PTSD. Proponents of EMDRclaim that this promissory note will be answered as research progresses and the mechanisms are uncovered, while critics claim that these cognitive mechanisms will not be found because the BMDW protocol is inherently flawed.

Keywords: Mechanisms of Action Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

157. Adler-Tapia, R. L., & Settle, C. S. (2009, March). EMDR and adaptive information processing theory: A comprehensive approach to child psychotherapy. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, (1), 12-15.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Whether you are first learning about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) or you have participated in EMDR training, the goal of this article is to provide the reader with a brief overview of strategies for using the full protocol with young children. To understand the process by which the phases of the protocol are applied with child clients, it is important to understand the theoretical underpinnings that Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory creates as a foundation for healing and health with children. After discussing the application of AIP to children, the chapter will continue with an overview of skills therapists can use to create a toolbox that can be integrated into the EMDR eight phase treatment protocol with references for additional study and training on using EMDR with children. Finally, therapists will begin to learn how to adapt the full EMDR protocol for effective psychotherapy through developmentally suited language and interventions with even the youngest of clients.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP

Accuracy Verified: Yes

158. Omaha, J. (2004, June). EMDR and affect centered therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Aim: This presentation will describe the integration of principles of emotion regulation into EMDR therapy for a range of disorders. Population: All ages; mostly Axis I and II disorders. Learning objectives: 1) to describe the development of emotion regulation beginning in the context of the attachment and continuing through adolescence; 2) to describe the origin of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology in deficit experience adversity, and trauma; 3) to describe a protocol, Affect Management Skills Training (AMST), that remediates failures of emotion regulation; 4) to describe how AMST prepares the client for uncovering therapy by providing for containment, safety, emotion regulation, improved left-right hemisphere integration, and remediation of attachment deficits; 5) to describe integration of MAST into EMDR therapies for substance abuse and eating disorders. Abstract: The workshop will summarize the principal affective developments that occur from birth through age four. These include fulfillment of yearning affect, facial imprinting, gaze transaction, stimulation of positive affect, and provision of optimal disapproval-shame experiences. The qualities of the child of “good enough” parenting are described. Developmental failures and their consequences for affect regulation and psychopathology will be described. These include: (1) avoidant attachment leading to problems of anger management, to depression, and development of narcissistic features; (2) anxious-ambivalent attachment leading to development of anxiety-related disorders and borderline features; (3) failure to elicit optimal positive affects leading to impaired vitality across the life span and depression; (4) socialization of the senior toddler with anger, leading to problems with anger expression, or with disgust, leading to problems with shame, impaired self-worth, and defective self-efficacy. Adversity (raised by a single parent, witness to spousal abuse, divorce, substance abuse in the home) and trauma (psychological, physical, and/or sexual abuse) occurring during latency and adolescence will be shown to exacerbate difficulties with emotional regulation.
The seven basic skills of the AMST protocol will be described. These skills provide for regocnition, tolerance, and regulation of both positive and negative emtoins. They include containment, safe place, sensation-affect recognition, sensation-as-signal, grounded and present, noticing, and regulation.
The workshop will describe how AMST prepares the client for uncovering therapy and for EMDR by teaching the client to regulate emotion prior to it elicitation in therapy, by improving hemispheric integration, and by correcting deficits in the attachment.
The workshop concludes by describing how MAST is integrated into EMDR therapy for substance abuse disorders (alcohol, drugs, nicotine) and eating disorders.

Keywords: Affect Centered Therapy Affect Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

159. Tibaldi, M. (2004, June). EMDR and analytical psychology: Imaginal use of eye movements in Jungian analysis. In psychodynamics and EMDR (B. Lilieblad, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Among Jungian typical methodologies, one of the most interested is active imagination indeed. Carl Gustav Jung's active imagination method is a process of "lucid dream," that takes shape from observing an internal emotionally meaningful aspect - mood, image, event. When the client focuses his/her attention on these charged elements, a chain of autonomous images will be activated. The arising of such unconscious images lead consciousness to a new situation: emotional content comes into contact with the rational, can be confronted and integrated, transforming the whole personality.
Epistemologically speaking, it is interesting to point out the affinity between Jungian conscious-unconscious integration process, pursued by active imagination, and the right and left brain connecting process, gained by EMDR.
My Jungian analytical practice, on the one hand, and my EMDR therapeutic experience, on the other, gave me the opportunity to confront both Garl Gustav Jung's and Francine Shapiro's methods and paradigms, giving birth to an EMDR imaginal use, a synergic therapeutic process with interesting outcomes.
The aim of my paper is to present this form of EMDR, stressing the advantages of such integration. The paper will be accompanied by a sequence of psychic images from a client's EMDR treatment; thanks to the imaginal use of eye movements, the client got in touch with some of the unknown emotional horizons, recognized the dissociative defences that prevented him from connections his emotional and rational brain and improved his psychic well being.

Keywords: Analyitical Psychology Case Study Imagery Imaginal Jungian Analysis Mind-Body Observation Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

160. Foster, S. (1999). EMDR and assisting athletes in coping with a critical incident. Symposium conducted at the annual conference of the Association of the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This symposium presentation focuses on Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) as an intervention to assist an athlete in recovering from the distressing effects of a critical incident and the adverse impact that such an event can have on the athlete's performance. Two cases will be presented; that of a major league baseball player and a male pair skater and national competitor. Each experienced a life threatening critical incident which triggered symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. The EMDR methodology was first used as a treatment for trauma, its original utilization. However, the extension of the EMDR protocol for performance enhancement was also employed, to help restore the athlete's desire for engaging in his sport and to provide mental rehearsal for future participation. The presenter will also discuss the current EMDR neurophysiological research, and the relevance of this method of enhancing athlete performance.

Keywords: Athletes Critical Incident Recent Events Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

161. Darker-Smith, S. (2011, October). EMDR and borderline personality disorder and use of B2T protocol. Presentation at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The adaptation of the order of the EMDR 8-phase standard protocol to target specific abandonment issues first and primarily limits the therapy interfering behaviours which lengthens overall therapeutic intervention duration and acts as a road-block (Leahy etc.) to therapy. Specifically, using a blind-to-therapist protocol for this client group once fears of abandonment (often acted out in the therapeutic dynamic) is addressed, then the risk of empathy-enhancing exaggerations is reduced. (Author abstract)

Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

162. Capezzani, L. (2012, June). EMDR and cancer patients: Effetcts on PTSD and their illness coping strategies [EMDR y pacientes con cáncer: Efectos sobre el TEPT y sus estrategias de afrontamiento de la enfermedad]. Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The nature of this study is both observational and clinical. On the one hand it’s aimed to see how the criteria of PTSD (DSM-‐IV, 2000) are represented in traumatized cancer patients in between two different illness stages -‐ medical treatments and medical follow-‐up stages, -‐ and to see witch coping strategies are used by these patients with PTSD in each stage. On the other hand it’s aimed to know: a) whether CBT integrated with EMDR produces different effects on PTSD in between the two illness stages and their specific coping strategies; b) whether CBT with EMDR and CBT without EMDR produce different effects on PTSD and on the coping strategies within the only medical follow-‐up stage. All 31 subjects were recruited randomly, 10 for treatment stage, 11 for follow-‐up stage, both receiving CBT and EMDR, and 10 for a follow-‐up stage treaty with CBT and no EMDR. CAPS and COPE were used to assess PTSD and coping strategies respectively. Results show similar changes in between the two illness stages after CBT with EMDR, and different ones within the follow-‐up stage depending on whether CBT with EMDR or without EMDR was used. This may suggest considering PTSD such a disorder that removes specific stage demands/threats of cancer illness, just described in literature, as well as the more functional coping for each of them. You may instead claim that only CBT with EMDR allows cancer patients to overcome the PTSD and consequently retrieve selective specificity in coping strategies for each stage.

La naturaleza de este estudio es tanto observacional como clínica. Por un lado, pretende ver como se representan los criterios del TEPT (DSM-‐IV, 2000) en pacientes con cáncer traumatizados entre dos fases diferentes de la enfermedad – fases de tratamientos médicos y seguimientos médicos -‐ , y ver qué estrategias de afrontamiento son usadas por estos pacientes con TEPT en cada una de estas fases. Por otro lado, pretende saber: a) si la TCC integrada con EMDR produce efectos diferentes sobre el TEPT entre las dos fases de la enfermedad y sus estrategias de afrontamiento específicas; b) si la TCC con EMDR y la TCC sin EMDR producen efectos diferentes sobre el TEPT y sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento tan sólo dentro de la fase de seguimiento. Cada uno de los 31 sujetos fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente, 10 para la fase de tratamiento, 11 para la fase de seguimiento, ambos grupos recibiendo TCC y EMDR, y 10 para la fase de seguimiento con TCC y sin EMDR. Se utilizaron CAPS y COPE para evaluar el TEPT y las estrategias de afrontamiento respectivamente. Los resultados muestran cambios similares entre las dos fases de la enfermedad después de la TCC con EMDR, y cambios diferentes en la fase de seguimiento en función de si se utilizaba la TCC con o sin EMDR. Esto puede sugerir que se ha de considerar al TEPT como un trastorno que quita específicas demandas/amenazas de cada una de las fases de la enfermedad del cáncer, tal y como se describe en la literatura, así como el afrontamiento más funcional para cada una de ellas. En vez de eso, se puede afirmar que tan sólo la TCC con EMDR permite a los clientes superar el TEPT y consecuentemente recuperar especificidad selectiva en estrategias de afrontamiento para cada fase.

Keywords: Cancer Coping Strategies Illness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

163. Rivas, C. (2012, April). EMDR and chronic illnesses. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chronc diseases represent a complex area on the health-illness continuum. When a chronic disease is diagnosed, clients may require ongoing support to cope with life changes and management of their health. During this workshop, participants will be introduced to the general aspects of chronic diseases and how clients’psychological symptoms can be understood from the Adaptive Information Processing(AIP) model. Also, EMDR clinicians will learn how to structure an intervention for different types of chronic diseases, using the 8 steps of the Basic Protocol, identifying the key issues for each condition, according to a past-present-future timeline. Examples will be based on cancer, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS cases.
Learning objectives: 1.Identify the challenges associated with chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and HIV/AIDS 2. Utilize the Adaptative Information Processing (AIP) model to understand the psychological dimension of chronic diseases (e.g. anxiety, depression, guilt, shame, self-image issues, etcetera) 3. Use the EMDR basic protocol to structure interventions suitable for people living with human health conditions.

Keywords: Chronic Illnesses

Accuracy Verified: Yes

164. Smyth, N. J., & Poole, A. D. (2002). EMDR and cognitive-behavior therapy: Exploring convergence and divergence. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 151-180). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Since first introduced by Shapiro, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been the subject of considerable interest, debate, and controversy within the behavioral literature. In this chapter, EMDR is examined from a behavioral perspective with the goal of exploring connections between it and behavior therapy. Since its initial introduction as an intervention for PTSD, EMDR has been expanded and is used to treat a range of other disorders. The present discussion centers on its application in the management of PTSD for two reasons: First, PTSD is the diagnostic category on which the majority of research studies have focused. Second, empirical research has determined that EMDR and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are efficacious in the treatment of PTSD; they seem to be equally effective, although EMDR may be more efficient.The chapter begins with a brief consideration of the development and essential principles of behavior therapy and of the manner in which behavioral approaches have conceptualized PTSD. This context is essential to understanding how EMDR is conceptualized from a behavioral perspective. The relationship between EMDR and behavior therapy is then explored and mechanisms for its apparent effectiveness considered. Finally, contributions of behavior therapy to EMDR and of EMDR to behavior therapy are discussed, including challenges that each poses to the other. [Text, pp. 151-152]

Keywords: Adults Cognitive Therapy Posttraumtic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

165. Grant, M., & Just, A. (2000, September). EMDR and compassionate psychotherapy: A new treatment for chronic pain. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(3), 4.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Since its inception as a treatment for trauma, there have been increasing reports of EMDR being efficacious with pain . (McCann, 1992, Hekmat Groth & Rogers, 1994, Wilson, Becker and Tinker,1997, Grant 2000). EMDR is an integrative method with many different components. One of these is the therapeutic relationship. Compassion is also an essential element of any effective intervention (Rubins, 1986, Waldman & Waldman, 1996). However, it is often confused with empathy or pity, indicating the need for a definition based on a concept analysis (Just, 1998). Given its importance in the therapeutic process, and the effects of social isolation on chronic pain sufferers, it is remarkable how little consideration is given to this topic.

Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Control

Accuracy Verified: Yes

166. Gonzalez, A., & Mosquera, D. (2012, June). EMDR and dissociation: The progressive approach. A. I. [Amazon.co.uk].

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
After the first cautions for the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, many proposals have been done to adapt EMDR procedures to this specific population. Interesting interventions have been done for the use of EMDR in the preparation phase, but in spite of these useful proposals, EMDR is still considered by many clinicians as an intervention that is limited for the treatment of traumatic memories. From this conceptualization, which we have called the all/nothing perspective, the use of EMDR is strongly limited. Many clinicians wait years for trauma reprocessing. As a consequence of this conceptualization, many EMDR therapists do not use EMDR with most of their dissociative clients, and just use it with highly functioning patients, sometimes after years of therapy with other approaches. In this workshop we will describe (and exemplify with clinical cases and videos) different interventions with EMDR in dissociative clients, from the preparatory phase, in what we have called a Progressive Approach. The way in which specific EMDR procedures can contribute to enhance recovery in survivors will be explained. For doing this, concepts from the different approaches and scientific knowledge about severe traumatization will be integrated with the Adaptive Information Processing Model from EMDR. The idea is to propose a holistic model for EMDR therapy in Dissociative Disorders. The interweaving between theoretical concepts and clinical procedures, theoretical developments and video examples, will allow the audience to assimilate information and translate it to their clinical practice. Therapist from approaches different from EMDR will understand what this therapy can offer to the treatment of severely traumatized people. EMDR therapists will learn new proposals of interventions at the different phases of the treatment. We will present different examples of interventions in severely traumatized patients: DID, DESNOS, BPD and Somatoform dissociation.

Keywords: Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

167. Shapiro, E. (2012). EMDR and early psychological intervention following trauma. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 241-251. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.09.003.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introduction: This article evaluates developments in the field of early psychological intervention (EPI) after trauma in general and the place of early eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention (EEI) in particular. The issues and dilemmas involved with EPI and EEI will be outlined; related research presented and the current status evaluated. Literature and clinical findings: Reviewing the literature and drawing on findings from initial research and case studies, the rationale and contribution that EMDR therapy has to offer is discussed relative to current evidence and theory regarding post-traumatic stress syndromes and trauma memories. The relative advantages of EEI will be elaborated. Discussion and conclusion: It is proposed that EEI, while trauma memories have not yet been integrated, may be used not only to treat acute distress but may also provide a window of opportunity in which a brief intervention, possibly on successive days, could prevent complications and strengthen resilience. Through the rapid reduction of intrusive symptoms and de-arousal response as well as by identifying potential obstructions to adaptive information processing (AIP), EMDR therapy may reduce the sensitisation and accumulation of trauma memories.

Keywords: Early Psychological Intervention EPI Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

168. Virdi, P., Plassmann, R., Seidel, M., & Konuk, E. (2010, June). EMDR and eating disorders. In Eating disorders. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Frequently for clients with eating disorders their complex histories contain many trauma experiences suggesting the potential illustration of EMDR as an adjunctive psychological treatment intervention. Although the amount of evidence based practice is presently not strong in supporting EMDR with this client group there is increasing practice based evidence outlining its potential usefulness with this client group. This symposium will outline the utilization of EMDR in various eating disorders clinical services in the United Kingdom, Germany and Turkey outlining how utilizing the AiP model end how EMDR was effectively integrated into the overall treatment pathway of care for children, adolescents, and adults.

Keywords: Eating Disorders Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

169. Forgash, C. A. (2000, September). EMDR and ego state therapy: Theoretical overview, diagnostic approach, and client preparation for EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) the fundamentals of Ego State theory, and application of Ego State work; 2) case conceptualization from an integrated Ego State/EMDR model; 3) how utilization of the Ego State model can prevent EMDR treatment failures; and 4) a variety of Ego State therapy strategies for helping prepare all clients for the EMDR protocol.

Keywords: Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

170. Robredo, J. (2011, June). EMDR and gender violence. Brief and intensive treatment for children exposed to gender violence. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Instituto de Psicotrauma de Alicante and the Social Services of San Juan use, since 2008, a brief intervention protocol for minors exposed to gender violence. This protocol is based on the therapeutic paradigm of EMDR©. First results on a sample of 28 children from 4 to 12 years old were the disappearance of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, the remission of concomitant behavior disorders (disobedience, aggression), and the improvement of the affective link with their mother. In our last study, the sample was bigger and the treatment protocol evolved to be an intensive one, lasting three weeks. Learning objectives: This workshop’s aim is to show such protocol and our last study. We will present to the participants: 1.Characteristics of gender violence in mothers and symptoms in their children. 2.Relevance of the EMDR paradigm and the Structural Dissociation of Personality Theory by Onno van der Hart. 3.Assessment instruments. 4.Evidences of the structural dissociation in the children. 5.Treatment protocol. 6.Handling of sessions with mother and child. 7.Work with the dysfunctional beliefs of mothers. 8.Techniques to work with the cognitive interweaves of the child. 9.Techniques to identify and work the dissociation in the child. 10.Data and conclusions of the study

Keywords: Children Gender Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

171. Ostacoli:, L., Bertino, G., & Faretta, E. (2013, June). EMDR and health: EMDR brief treatment in medical conditions with a high emotional charge: A possible challenge. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Stress and high emotional situations such as complex traumas have a negative influence on the psycho – physiologic adaptive process to illness. If these experiences are not elaborated, they could be stored as dysfunctional memories causing psychophysical vulnerability. EMDR treatment requires a proper detection and reprocessing of stressing memories in present and past events and in future templates, handling worries and fears.
Treatment protocol for serious medical diseases will be presented, focusing in the domains of Multiple Sclerosis and Oncology. Starting from the person and his system (biopsychosocial model), the main interest will be placed on case conceptualization and preparation of the project with EMDR, and then the identification of targets for further processing. From here, through the exposure of specific cases treated, we will work on bodily symptoms (the feeling perceived) through floatback to promote the connection of memories. The presentation of the research project and the first data obtained will follow.
The design helps the person to relate themselves to the traumatic material as something that they can see, represent, touch, by sharing and by exploring their resonances with the therapist; the design provides an emotional containment that allows the processing of intense emotions, reduces significantly the risk of dissociations, and allows the recovery of creative resources.
The fundamental aim of the model is to facilitate the building of a constructive relationship with themselves and with the “sick body”, by elaborating the traumatic events that have led to a dysfunctional self-image and explored, strengthened their resources with the aim of building the “navigation tools” and an effective “first-aid kit” for times of crisis. It will be presented the model of the intervention and the strategies proposed and used, through the presentation of clinical cases.
The analysis of the success factors and of the difficulties encountered will allow us to define a possible direction for future brief interventions with patients affected by complex organic diseases.
Learning objectives: To learn EMDR protocols adapted to deal with serious medical illnesses such as Cancer and Multiple Sclerosis; To analyse the therapeutic process by narrative and graphic material; and To learn specific features to deal with fears of loss and impairment

Keywords: Disease Medical Illness Multiple Sclerosis Oncology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

172. Gilligan, S. (2002). EMDR and hypnosis. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 225-238). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
During the past decade, EMDR has emerged as a very promising therapeutic approach for treating trauma-related problems. It seems to allow for the integrated processing of experiential learning that has been "stuck" or "frozen" in the course of a person's experience. Although its effectiveness seems clear, many questions still remain regarding the way it works and its relationship to other therapeutic modalities. This chapter examines whether EMDR is related to a hypnotic trance and whether hypnotic forms of treatment can be used in conjunction with EMDR. [Text, p. 225]

Keywords: Adults Hypnotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

173. Spierings, J. (2013, June). EMDR and mourning. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with mourning clients can be difficult. To face the irrevocability of loss and to stand helpless and empty-handed as a therapist is a heavy burden. Sometimes it seems there is nothing we can do to help our clients. Yet there are many ways in which EMDR can contribute to help our clients to live a valuable life after a serious loss.
In this presentation the psychodynamics of complicated mourning are discussed. Treatment strategies and treatment techniques (both EMDR and combined techniques) are developed for specific patterns of complicated mourning (i.e. denied mourning, postponed mourning, chronic mourning, distorted mourning, traumatized mourning, somatized mourning).
Some non-EMDR techniques (rituals, Gestalt dialogue, writing assignments, imagination techniques) will be integrated into EMDR treatment. Also practical interventions to address resistance and affect regulation problems will be discussed.
Learning Objectives: What are the key aspects of using EMDR with issues of grief and mourning; Outline the core characteristics of stabilization and resourcing for this population; Review the range of cognitive interviews that have an application when evidence of blocked processing is apparent with this client group

Keywords: Grief Mourning Resourcing Stabilization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

174. Chemtob, C. & Pitman, R. (1999, November). EMDR and other neoteric approaches to the treatment of PTSD. In Intervention (Edna Foa, Chair). Symposium presented at the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Conference, Miami, FL..

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The session will begin with an overview of the process by which the treatment guidelines were created. This will be followed by 10- minute presentations of: guidelines for assessment, acute intervention, cognitive behavior therapy, pharmachotherapy, PTSD in children, EMDR, and group therapy. At the last part of the session, the audience will have an opportunity to actively participate through questions and comments.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

175. Fensterheim, H. (1997, December). EMDR and personality disorders. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(6), 4-5.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
There is some tendency in psychotherapy to suggest that the treatments for Axis I disorders and Axis II disorders should be based on different concepts. Millon (1988), for example, argues that the behavioral approaches are appropriate for the Axis I disorders but that an integrated approach is indicated for those that fall within Axis II. It is wroth considering that different EMDR protocols and methods may be required for these different conditions.

Keywords: Personality Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

176. Zampieri, M. A. J. (2012, Novembro). EMDR and pesquisa [EMDR and research]. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nem todo profissional engaja-se na atividade científica. Além de questões vocacionais e tecnológicas, é comum encontrar-se mesmo uma reação aversiva ao tema. Nem sempre a exclusão dessa atividade é uma questão de escolha. Propõe-se incitar nessa oficina, a elaboração de pesquisa com EMDR, com utilização de protocolo para desbloqueios associados ao tema. Além disso, objetiva-se subsidiar o participante a iniciar o seu trabalho científico ao longo da atividade.

Not every professional engages in scientific activity. Besides vocational and technological issues, it is common to find even an aversive reaction to the topic. Not always the exclusion of this activity is a matter of choice. It is proposed to encourage this workshop, the development of research on EMDR, using protocol for unlocks associated with the topic. Moreover, the objective is to subsidize the participant to start your scientific work throughout the activity.

Keywords: Intervention Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

177. Chandarasiri, P. (2008, June). EMDR and play therapy in traumatised children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Young children who are not yet fully developed mentally can not differentiate the past traumatic memory from the present reality and in metabolising disturbing trauma memories. Children usually mix their past experience and the present through play to help them connect the pieces of experience into a narrative that is understandable for them. Every piece of trauma in the past is integrated into their life and may adversely influence their personality formation. Trauma work with children through play and EMDR techniques can be helpful in preventing such distortion, especially among disable children. EMDR method was applied to a 10 years old boy with learning disability. He was separated from his family and stayed at the residential home. He had his past experience of witnessing domestic violence since early infancy. The injuries sustained by his mother had caused great concern for him. He also experienced sexual abuse by another boy which was reflected in sex play with his peers. He had attention problem, aggressive behaviours together with difficulty in regulating his moods. Because of his limitation, he preferred to communicate his emotions through action and play rather than verbally. His preoccupation was expressed through figures fighting that typically resulted in death. During the play session, the therapist would intermittently take a pause with him and the bilateral tapping was applied corresponding with the event in play, for example checking through the worst event, the negative event, the positive event, the strength, the changes taking place in their mind and the play. Most of his play started with the fighting and ended with the good figures won. The installation was applied at the end. His behaviours were monitored at the residential home and at the school. It was found later that he could control his anger better and he was able to tell the caretakers showing that he was aware of his feelings and his behaviours. The conclusion can be drawn that the use of bilateral stimulation during play therapy has facilitated changes in his behaviours, affects, and communication.

Keywords: Children Play Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

178. Lipke, H. (2000). EMDR and psychotherapy integration: Theoretical and clinical suggestions with focus on traumatic stress. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book is about what I have learned about EMDR and its clinical use, especially with combat veterans. It is also about what trying to understand how EMDR works has taught me about psychotherapy in general. That second lesson is what I call the Four-Activity Model (FAM) of Psychotherapy, which grows out of a concept that Francine Shapiro refers to as Accelerated Information Processing (AIP). Shapiro's AIP description gives name to the idea that learned psychopathology can be considered dysfunctional held information, including thoughts, emotions, sensations, and behavior, that can be modified more quickly than previously believed by most therapists. The Four-Activity Model is an attempt to conceptualize how psychotherapeutic activity can be used most efficiently to reprocess dysfunctional held material and thereby resolve psychological problems.Finally, this book is about what psychotherapy in general has taught me about EMDR. Even in her early explanations of EMDR, Shapiro taught that it was an integrative method, that it relied on the lessons learned by years of clinical work using dynamic, behavioral, and humanistic methods. In this book I will attempt to elaborate on that relationship and offer specific therapeutic suggestions that will rely on the wisdom of previously established therapeutic methods, as well as the wisdom of past philosophical inquiry and religion. The book starts with EMDR, proceeds to try to describe how EMDR and other methods can be integrated into an overall model of psychotherapy, and then works its way back to the concrete practical integration of psychotherapy in general. The second half of the book has a practical focus on examples that are created mostly from my experience working with combat trauma. I hope that readers will see how these examples of interventions are easily generalized to other learning-based problems. [Author Introduction]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

179. Sabey, A. (2011, October). EMDR and strengthening children's emotional resilience. Presentation at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop explores the assessment and development of emotional resilience within children. Case examples are used to demonstrate how EMDR may be integrated into child-centred therapy sessions, helping children to find ways to manage strong emotions, gain emotional literacy, fully utilise social networks and develop a toolbox of skills and resources. The resilience of the parent/carer, and that of the therapist is considered. The importance of attunement and collaboration within the therapeutic relationship is highlighted. (Author abstract)

Keywords: Children Emotional Resilience

Accuracy Verified: Yes

180. McGuinness, D. P., & Charest, L. (2003, September). EMDR and the integrated diagnostic treatment of somatic complaints. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is designed to prepare clinicians to utilize EMDR in an integrated diagnostic approach with medical professionals for clients with somatic complaints. Participants will learn to explain the principles of emotional pain manifesting itself in physical symptoms and the use of EMDR to facilitate a breakthrough in the patient's overall treatment. Participants will practice a working protocol for treating somatic complaints with EMDR. Participants will also learn cognitive interweave strategies to facilitate the movement of somatic complaints. Participants will have the opponunity to practice these skills in small groups.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Somatic Complaints

Accuracy Verified: Yes

181. Zimmerman, E. (2010, June). EMDR and the phase two treatment of the migraine and headache-protocol. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
After the presentation of Dr. Steven Marcus PhD on different EMDR-conferences of treating migraine and headaches in a two-phase protocol, the authors of this presentation decided to develop a study on the phase two treatment of the headache protocol. The phase one treatment of the headache protocol I-EMDR (integrated EMDR) of Dr. Marcus is for the relief of acute headache pain and related symptoms (nausea, vomiting, light or sound sensitivity etc.). A research study of Dr. Marcus showed very strong effects of the treatment of migraines in this acute phase. (Steven V. Marcus: Phase 1 of integrated EMDR: An Abortive Treatment for Migraine Headaches. JEMDR, Vol. 2, Number 1, 2008, pg. 15ff). The phase two treatment is a multi-session EMDR headache treatment utilizing the Standard EMDR Protocol to prevent or reduce future headache frequency, duration and severity. The phase one has to be included in the second phase. Thus, this phase two protocol has not yet been the subject of a scientific research. The authors present their study design and some cases with video presentations as well as first results on the research of this phase two treatment.

Keywords: Headache Medical Issues Migraine Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

182. Gelinas, D. J. (2011, August). EMDR and the phobias of structural dissociation in treating complex traumatization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Managing dissociative interference when treating individuals with early repetitive traumatization requires recognition, then direct intervention. The “phobias of structural dissociation” are especially helpful in recognizing the less readily apparent dissociative interferences. These refer to the individual’s fear and avoidance of their own internal experiencing, (e.g., thoughts, parts, memories) rather than the traditional fear of external objects or processes. They can be responsible for failures to establish the therapy or Safe Place, refusal of EMDR, looping, “stuck” NCs, etc. This presentation describes the phobias (with clinical illustrations), recognition markers, and a stepped hierarchy of EMDR interventions to manage dissociative interferences.

Keywords: Complex Trauma Phobias Structual Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

183. Dworkin, M. (2005). EMDR and the relational imperative: The therapeutic relationship in EMDR treatment. New York: Routledge.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book is a commentary on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), based on my observations from clinical practice, that amplifies the relational perspective to Francine Shapiro's standard methodology. During the last 14 years I have conducted more than 5,000 EMDR sessions. The patterns of response I have seen in my clients and the latest discoveries in the neurosciences, which support my conviction in the relational imperative, have prompted me to write this commentary.The main theme of my book is that healing takes place when proper knowledge of the standard methodology is integrated into the context of the therapeutic relationship. I offer this work to enrich the reader's understanding of how I practice EMDR clinically. I have not conducted research to validate my opinions. This work is based on acute and repeated clinical observations of the many clients with whom I have had the privilege to work. [Adapted from Preface]

Keywords: Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Alliance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

184. Blore, D. C. (2002, September). EMDR and the workplace - helpful hints for the practitioner. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Here we are in 2002, no less than 13 years on from Francine Shapiro's first publishetl article on Eye Movement Desensitisation. Now called EMDR, the intervention came:son despite those with agendas to the contrary. The author nears 10 years use of EMDR himself and reflecting upon the cases seen, finds that over half of the 500+ EMDR cases during that time have had significant connectionswith the workplace. It is the benefit of experience that I wish to pass on here. Please forgive me for starting with some basic: issues which are likely to be obvious to many and could be described as 'common sense'. The problem is that 'common sense' could be described as 'not common enough' and in any case, preparation - like preparation in EMDR - can and does play a major role in the success or otherwise of any enterprise.

Keywords: Trauma Workplace

Accuracy Verified: Yes

185. Nickerson, M. (2008, September). EMDR and treatment for angry and violent behaviors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR offers unique potential in the treatment of clients with angry and violent behaviors. This workshop will include an initial review of the issue’s prevalence, common dynamics, and historic intervention strategies. The underaddressed role of trauma often driving these tendencies will be illuminated. Primary focus will be on the tailored implementation of the 8-Phase Treatment approach. Keys to successful clinical engagement, risk assessment and a metaphor based guide to case formulation will be highlighted. Considerations in the identification, prioritization and sequencing of targets for processing will be outlined. Clinical examples will be offered to illuminate points, including video taped case material.

Keywords: Angry Behaviors Violent Behaviors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

186. Rodrigues, S. R. C. (2012, Novembro). EMDR aplicado a tratamento com idosos [EMDR and the elderly]. In EMDR e dor crônica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Os idosos com dor crônica têm vivências dolorosas distintas, acompanhada na sua maioria de depressão e um alto nível de ansiedade. Os resultados seriam a redução dos sintomas através do reprocessamento, a diminuição da dor crônica ou seu desaparecimento. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a intervenção com EMDR em idosos com diagnósticos de dor crônica e depressão e a redução dos sintomas na medida em que a ansiedade é reprocessada através da dessensibilização dos eventos traumáticos revelados pelos pacientes. A proposta é seguir por um tempo de seis meses a evolução de tratamento com uma amostra de idosos encaminhados pela Geriatra usando os materiais e recursos da abordagem EMDR. Para este congresso será apresentado o resultado de dez sessões, de uma paciente encaminhada por sua geriatra, diagnosticada com Parkinson e depressão profunda, sem alimentar-se corretamente há seis meses, com o peso de 32 quilos, sem conseguir caminhar em função de sua perna esquerda completamente “travada”, embora não apresentasse perdas musculares. Com poucas sessões obteve-se excelentes resultados. A paciente voltou para sua cidade, em outro estado, com um aumento significativo de peso, e será acompanhada mensalmente para averiguação de sua evolução.

Older people with chronic pain have different experiences painful, accompanied mostly depression and a high level of anxiety. The results would be a reduction of symptoms through reprocessing, decrease chronic pain or their disappearance. The objective of the study is to evaluate the intervention with EMDR in elderly patients with diagnoses of chronic pain and depression and reduction of symptoms in that anxiety is reprocessed through the desensitization of traumatic events revealed by the patients. The proposal is for a time following six months the evolution of treatment with a sample of elderly people referred by geriatricians using the materials and resources of the EMDR approach. To this congress will present the result of ten sessions, a patient referred by a geriatrician, diagnosed with Parkinson's and depression, not eating properly for six months, with the weight of 32 pounds, unable to walk because of his leg left completely "locked", though not present muscle loss. With few sessions yielded excellent results. The patient returned to his hometown in another state, with a significant increase in weight, and will be monitored monthly to investigate its evolution.

Keywords: Anxiety Chronic Pain Depression Elderly Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

187. Doctor, R. (1995, June). EMDR applications to anxiety disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR therapy was originally developed around the effects of trauma on emotional and cognitive disorders. We are now seeing its effect application in other areas related to acquisition and maintenance of deviant and disabling reactions. The results of the application of EMDR outside of trauma itself have been very encouraging and successful. This presentation will focus on the use of EMDR with the anxiety disorders. Most of the presentation will concentrate on the most prevalent anxiety disorders, namely, panic, agoraphobia and phobia. There will be some-discussion on generalized anxiety disorders, social phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The anxiety disorders will be discussed as a complex set of disorders that have multiple acquisition factors including life style, reactivity (which may have some genetic components), "personality, stressors and stress management. The presenter will make a brief summary of the role of these factors in each anxiety disorder from what we currently know clinically and empirically. The research on EMDR with anxiety disorders is almost nonexistent but the few case studies that have been published will be discussed because they offer excellent support for EMDR and for particular forms of its application. The rest of the presentation is divided into two sections: the use of EMDR as an exclusive treatment and its use with supplemental tools. The exclusive use of EMDR will depend on premorbid history factors both personally and in regard to the anxiety disorder. The discussion will focus on important information in the history taking and personal contact with the client as well as the potential targets for EMDR work with the various anxiety disorders. In many cases, EMDR therapy must be supplemented with exposure work, relaxation training, medications and other supplemental tools in order to make the intervention effective and enduring. How these supplemental tools might be implemented in the various anxiety disorders will be discussed as well as the general factors from client history or client experience that would suggest the use of supplementals. Finally, the importance of the client-therapist relationship will be discussed in relation to working with the anxiety disorders and, in particular, therapist factors that can improve effectiveness.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

188. Mitchell, J. T., & Solomon, R. M. (1995, June). EMDR applications to critical incident stress management. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A critical incident is any situation that causes unusually strong emotional reactions that have the potential to interfere with a person's ability to function immediately after the incident or later. These are situations that overwhelm a person's sense of vulnerability and/or control. A critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is a psychoeducational group meeting or discussion about a traumatic incident which ideally takes place within 72 hours of the event. The goals of a CISD are to mitigate the psychological impact of a traumatic event, prevent subsequent development of a post-traumatic syndrome, accelerate recovery, and serve as an early identification mechanism for people who need further follow-up, including EMDR. The steps of a CISD include: 1) introduction - to introduce the intervention team, explain the process, and set expectations. 2) fact - to describe the event from each participant's perspective on a cognitive level. 3) thought - to allow participants to describe cognitive reactions and to transition to emotional reactions. 4) reaction - to identify the most traumatic aspect of the event for participants. 5) symptom - to identify personal symptoms of distress and transition back to the cognitive level. 6) teaching - to educate as to normal reactions and adaptive coping strategies 7) reentry - to clarefy ambiguities and prepare for termination; access for follow-up. In the opinion of the authors, the CISD facilitates the processing of the traumatic information before it becomes crystallized in dysfunctional form. EMDR can be very effective shortly following a CISD, and is particularly usehl for participants who are experiencing distress or intrusive symptoms after the CISD. The CISD structure helps the participant understand the traumatic impact of the incident and provides support and guidance toward adaptive resolution. The EMDR process begins where the CISD leaves off. The CISD helps to delineate the traumatic image, negative cognition, and emotions associated with the event, making the subsequent EMDR process more efficient. EMDR appears to have a very powerful and rapid effect after the CISD, perhaps, because of the initial processing. In other words, the CISD initiates an adaptive processing of the traumatic information; EMDR completes it. EMDR can be implemented individually immediately following the CISD, or the next day. While the CISD is a group process, EMDR is an individual method. EMDR can be explained during the teaching phase of the CISD or after the CISD to the whole group, but EMDR treatment is done individually and privately. EMDR can go beyond a CISD in targeting previous traumas that may underlie the current incident, delve deeper into the meaning of the incident for the person, and target specific stimuli that are relevant to the individual (e.g. Smells, tastes, etc.). The workshop will discuss the application of EMDR to critical incidents. The protocol for recent events will be reviewed. Guidelines for negative and positive cognitions will be discussed. For example, a critical incident usually involves issues of responsibility ("Is it my fault?"), Safety ("Am I safe?"), And/or control ("Do I have choices in life?). It is important that such dynamics are understood when formulating the negative cognition. The dynamics of fear, a framework for understanding a critical incident and resolving issues of vulnerability and powerlessness, will be presented. The model discusses the importance of going beyond defining the moment of peak stress to elucidating subsequent thoughts, actions, and decisions. The implications for cognitive interweaves will be discussed.

Keywords: CISM Critical Incidence Stress Management Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

189. Lackie, B. (2004). EMDR as an early itervention in trauma and disaster mental health. Presentation at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, HI.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Summarizes a presentation discussing EMDR as an early intervention in trauma and disaster mental health. EMDR is one of the more effective preventative approaches to the effects of disaster and trauma which has emerged over the past ten years. This part of the presentation will review the research findings for effectiveness of this particular approach to reducing the risks of future PTSD, comparing and contrasting it to the alternative approaches presented by the panel. Please see the attached author submitted abstract for more detailed informatoin on EMDR.

Keywords: Disasters Intervention Mental Health Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention Risk Factors Trauma Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation

Accuracy Verified: No

190. Korn, D. (2010, April). EMDR behandeling bij volwassenen met een verleden van incest en verwaarlozing. Het herstellen van ontwikkelings tekorten en het beschadigde ‘zelf’ [EMDR treatment in adults with a history of incest and neglect. Developmental deficits and restore the damaged self]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In deze workshop zal er worden ingegaan op het integreren van EMDR in een algemeen behandelingsplan voor volwassenen die incest en verwaarlozing in hun jeugd hebben meegemaakt. De workshop is een verdieping van de keynote van het congres. De werkwijze zal gedetailleerd worden uitgelegd en zal worden geïllustreerd aan de hand van videopresentaties en bespreking van casuïstiek. In eerste instantie wordt uitgelegd hoe de ontwikkelings- en hechtingsbehoeften van de cliënt onderzocht kunnen worden en hoe een betekenisvolle beschrijvende diagnose kan worden ontwikkeld om tot een geïntegreerd, logisch opgebouwd behandelingsplan te komen. Bij deze groep cliënten, waarbij er sprake is van beperkte affect tolerantie, kwetsbaarheid voor hyper- en hypoarousal, en dissociatieve kenmerken, kan het standaard EMDR protocol worden aangepast met specifieke strategieën. Daar zal uitvoerig op worden ingegaan. Ook zal er veel aandacht besteed worden aan het integreren van specifieke EMDR technieken, zoals diverse ego-versterkende protocollen en hulpbron installatie (RDI), in alle fasen van de behandeling. Tevens zullen er technieken besproken worden die cliënten helpen om hun disfunctionele afweermechanismen los te laten, waardoor het veranderen van schema’s met hun kenmerkende kerngedachten en kernaffecten mogelijk wordt Deelnemers aan deze workshop zullen leren om pathogene gevoelstoestanden, (zoals schaamte, wanhoop, onverdraagelijke eenzaamheidsgevoelens), angsten en ‘blocking beliefs’, ego state conflicten te herkennen, zodat de meest effectieve interweaves en hulpbron opties kunnen worden toegepast. Verder zullen er strategieën voor herstel, zoals het verduidelijken van verantwoordelijkheid, het vaststellen van veiligheid en keuze, en het verwerken van rouw, verlangen en woede, worden besproken.

This workshop will address the integration of EMDR into an overall treatment plan for adult incest and neglect in childhood have experienced. The workshop is a deepening of the keynote of the conference. The methodology will be explained in detail and will be illustrated with video presentations and discussion of case studies. Initially, explains how the development and bonding needs of the client can be investigated and how a meaningful descriptive diagnosis can be developed into an integrated, logical plan of treatment. In this group of clients, where there is limited affect tolerance, vulnerability to hyper-and hypoarousal and dissociative characteristics, the standard EMDR protocol to be adapted to specific strategies. As will be discussed in detail. Also, much attention is paid to the integration of EMDR specific techniques, such as various ego-enhancing protocols and resource installation (RDI) in all phases of treatment. Will also discuss techniques that help clients to their dysfunctional defense mechanisms to let go, so changing schedules with their distinctive core ideas and possible kernaffecten Participants in this workshop will learn to pathogenic emotional states (such as shame, despair, unbearable loneliness feelings), and fears "blocking beliefs", ego-state conflicts to recognize that the most effective and interweaves resource options can be applied. Moreover, through strategies for recovery, such as clarifying responsibilities, establishing security and choice, and the process of mourning, desire and anger are discussed.

Keywords: Adults Developmental Deficits Incest

Accuracy Verified: Yes

191. Spierings, J. (2005, November). EMDR bij gecompliceerde rouw [EMDR with complicated grief]. Presentatie op het Eerste Congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In de workshop komt het volgende aan de orde: basisconcepten en psychodynamiek van rouw, grondhouding van de therapeut, theorieën m.b.t. hechting en verlies, behandelstrategieën en behandeltechnieken (rituelen, EMDR, Gestalt, metaforen, schrijfopdrachten, spirituele interventies). Het theoretisch kader wordt naar de praktijk vertaald d.m.v. verhalen en casusmateriaal.

In the workshop, the following order: basic concepts and psychodynamics of mourning, the attitude of the therapist's theories on attachment and loss, treatment strategies and treatment techniques (ritual, EMDR, Gestalt, metaphors, writing, spiritual intervention). The theoretical framework is translated into practice through stories and case material.

Keywords: Complicated Grief

Accuracy Verified: Yes

192. Wanders, F. (2006, November). EMDR bij kinderen met gedragsproblemen: Effecten op zelfwaardering en op de effectiviteit van een behandeling in een klinische setting [EMDR in children with behavioral problems: effects on self-esteem and the efficacy of a treatment in a clinical setting]. Presentatie aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In deze lezing worden de resultaten gepresenteerd van een onderzoek naar de toepassing van Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) bij kinderen, die opgenomen zijn in de kinder- en jeugdpsychiatrie. De onderzoeksvraag was of het mogelijk is de zelfevaluatie van het kind in de observatieperiode van de klinische opname positief te beïnvloeden door het toepassen van een korte EMDR-interventie en of het kind dan beter op de daaropvolgende klinische behandeling reageert. De opzet van het onderzoek was exploratief en beoogde nieuwe onderzoeksvragen te identificeren om de toepassing van EMDR verder te onderzoeken. Aan het onderzoek namen 29 kinderen deel (9 meisjes en 20 jongens) die opgenomen waren in een klinische setting in de periode tussen maart 2005 en april 2006. De leeftijd van de kinderen varieerde van 8 tot 13 jaar. De kinderen waren afkomstig uit drie verschillende voorzieningen voor kinder- en jeugdpsychiatrie (Accare) in Noord- Nederland..Het betrof hier kinderen met ernstige gedragsproblemen. De geïncludeerde kinderen werden ad random toegewezen aan een EMDR-conditie of aan een cognitieve gedragstherapie conditie (CGT). In een periode van zes weken vonden vervolgens vier geprotocolleerde behandelsessies plaats met EMDR of CGT. De behandeling was gericht op het verbeteren van de zelfevaluatie van het kind. Hiermee werd beoogd een betere basis te leggen voor de rest van de behandeling. Tijdens deze lezing krijgen de toehoorders informatie over de opzet van het onderzoek, wordt ingegaan op de geprotocolleerde behandelingen, worden de resultaten gepresenteerd en wordt beeldmateriaal getoond van EMDR sessies.

This lecture presents the results of an investigation into the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in children who are included in child and adolescent psychiatry. The research question was whether the possibility of self-evaluation of the child in the observation period of hospitalization a positive effect by applying a brief EMDR intervention and whether the child is better than the subsequent clinical treatment. The design of the study was exploratory and sought to identify new research questions the application of EMDR to investigate further. The study included 29 children participated (nine girls and 20 boys) were included in a clinical setting in the period between March 2005 and April 2006. The age of the children ranged from 8 to 13 years. The children were from three different facilities for child and adolescent psychiatry (Accare) in North Netherlands .. This was children with severe behavioral problems. The enrolled children were randomly assigned to EMDR condition or a cognitive-behavioral condition (CBT). In a period of six weeks were then recorded four treatment sessions with EMDR or CBT. The treatment was aimed at improving the self-evaluation of the child. While designed to provide a better basis to impose the rest of the treatment. During this lecture the audience get information about the design of the study, discusses the recorded treatments, the results are presented and shown footage of EMDR sessions.

Keywords: Behavioral Problems Children Self-Esteem

Accuracy Verified: Yes

193. de Groot, J. (2012, March). EMDR bij seksuologische behandeling. Seksueel misbruik, seksuele disfuncties en seksverslaving [EMDR in sexological treatment. Sexual abuse, sexual dysfunctions, and sex addiction]. Presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In deze workshop wordt aan de hand van diagnostische criteria en theoretische richtlijnen geïllustreerd hoe EMDR toegepast kan worden bij seksuologische behandelingen. Met behulp van diverse casus en video fragmenten zullen praktijkvoorbeelden van de EMDR behandeling van seksuele disfuncties, zoals vaginisme en erectiele disfunctie, verduidelijkt worden. Naast de toepasbaarheid van EMDR bij seksueel misbruik en seksuele disfuncties, zal inzicht geboden worden in de geïntegreerde EMDR behandeling bij seksverslaving. Er zal expliciet worden ingegaan op de toepassing van EMDR op het negatieve zelfbeeld bij seksverslaafden en het daaruit voortvloeiende gedrag, waarbij de seksverslaafde voortdurend, maar tevergeefs, probeert zijn behoeften te bevredigen met seks.

This workshop is based on diagnostic criteria and theoretical guidelines illustrate how EMDR can be applied with sexological treatments. Using various case examples and video clips will of the EMDR treatment of sexual dysfunctions, such as vaginismus and erectile dysfunction, should be clarified. Besides the applicability of EMDR in sexual abuse and sexual dysfunctions, will provide insight into the integrated EMDR treatment for sex addiction. There will explicitly address the use of EMDR on the negative self-image sex addicts and the resulting behavior, in which the sex addict constantly, but vainly, trying to satisfy his needs with sex.

Keywords: Sexual Abuse Sexual Addiction Sexual Dysfunction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

194. Kiessling, R. (2010, September/October). EMDR case conceptualization from a belief focused perspective. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
While many understand the EMDR Approach to Psychotherapy, many do not fully understand the power of using core beliefs as the focal point of their EMDR case conceptualization. This workshop, through lecture, case examples and practice, will assist EMDR Trainers, Approved Consultants, Certified therapists and the newly trained EMDR therapists, in understanding the EMDR Approach, based upon the AIP model, from the core belief perspective. Using this core belief focus, targeting sequence plans will be designed, necessary and/or needed resources will be developed, and intervention strategies anticipated to help facilitate processing.

Keywords: Core Beliefs

Accuracy Verified: Yes

195. Manfield, P. (2003). EMDR casebook: Expanded (2nd Ed.). New York: W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book picks up where formal EMDR training leaves off. Research has now shown that EMDR is powerfully effective in the treatment of residual psychological effects of a single-incident trauma. Through case studies, this book explores other areas where EMDR may be helpful, including long-term childhood abuse and complex PTSD. The eleven case reports illustrate the application of EMDR to a broad range of cases. The many clinical transcripts will help newly trained EMDR clinicians fell comfortable using EMDR with their clients and provide models for experienced EMDR clinicians to broaden their use of EMDR. The clear explanations of the treatment processes will demystify EMDR for both clinicians and clients.
The introduction includes basic descriptions of EMDR and the accelerated information processing model, as well as definitions of its terminology. Each of the following chapters begins with a discussion of the contributors background, the principles of the traditional treatment approach used before incorporating EMDR, and the ways he or she has integrated EMDR into that approach. The contributors, who represent various orientations, including psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and systems, demonstrate the importance of procedural fidelity while extending EMDR protocols.

Keywords: Miscellanous

Accuracy Verified: Yes

196. Sterpone, R., & Paiuzzi, E. (2008, Novembre). EMDR come momento di ulteriore integrazione professionale tra differenti operatori di cura di un ospedale infantile [EMDR as a moment of further integration between vocational different operators care children's hospital]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
La presentazione si propone di “raccontare” come l’EMDR sia diventata, in un ospedale infantile, strumento di ulteriore integrazione professionale tra i differenti operatori di cura. L’EMDR viene utilizzata, infatti, non solo con bambini e adolescenti che giungono nella Struttura Operativa di Psicologia, ma viene richiesta dai medici dei vari reparti per i pazienti, ed eventualmente per i loro familiari, ricoverati in seguito ad esposizione ad eventi critici. L’intervento con EMDR viene, inoltre, effettuato con alcuni genitori i cui figli sono ricoverati in merito a malattie gravi o croniche. Gli stessi operatori di cura, in seguito ad eventi potenzialmente traumatici in ambito lavorativo, vengono aiutati con gruppi di debriefing, e, se necessario, con l’EMDR per riprocessare situazioni dolorose, ritrovare benessere e funzionalità lavorativa. Operatori di cura differenti, sistemi conoscitivi$differenti, ma insieme… insieme per cocostruire con il paziente e la sua famiglia una nuova narrativa ed aiutarli ad attribuire nuovi significati ad esperienze dolorose o fallimentari.

The presentation aims to "tell" how EMDR has become, in a children's hospital, tool for further integration between the different operators of professional care. EMDR is used, in fact, not only with children and adolescents who come in the Structure Works on psychology, but is required by doctors of various departments for patients, and possibly for their families, hospitalized after exposure to critical events. Intervention with EMDR is also made with some parents whose children are hospitalized on serious or chronic illnesses. Operators themselves to care, in the aftermath of potentially traumatic in employment, are helped with groups of debriefing, and, if necessary, with EMDR for reprocess painful situations, to find wellness and functionality work. Operators care ifferent cognitive systems different, but together ... together with the patient and cocostruire its family a new narrative and help to give new meaning to experiences painful or unsuccessful.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

197. Nicolais, G. (2011, Settembre). EMDR e attaccamento [EMDR and attachment]. Presentazione al Congresso EMDR Nazionale "Trauma e relazione,” Roma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Secondo Bowlby, le esperienze precoci del bambino con le proprie figure di attaccamento determinano rappresentazioni mentali - denominate Modelli Operativi Interni della relazione - che regolano aspetti centrali dello sviluppo come la regolazione degli affetti e la fiducia interpersonale. Analogamente, il modello AIP di Shapiro ipotizza l’effetto di esperienze precoci sullo sviluppo futuro del bambino. Ricordi di eventi particolarmente stressanti o traumatici tendono ad essere immagazzinati in modo disfunzionale nel cervello in uno stato non metabolizzato, sotto forma di “network mnestici” contenenti costellazioni di percezioni, aspettative negative, affetti e sensazioni corporee che possono essere riferite all’esperienza di caregiving. In situazioni infantili all’interno di accudimento particolarmente disfunzionali, il modello di attaccamento sviluppato dal bambino conterrà quindi network mnestici caratterizzati dall’esperienza del rifiuto e/o del maltrattamento. Il modello AIP prefigura perciò interventi, realizzati attraverso l’approccio dell’EMDR, che agiscono in senso trasformativo sulle peculiarità dei Modelli Operativi Interni della relazione. Le implicazioni di tale premessa sono l’oggetto della relazione presentata.

According to Bowlby, the child's early experiences with attachment figures determine their mental representations - called internal working models of the report - that regulate key aspects of development such as affect regulation and interpersonal trust. Similarly, the model AIP Shapiro assumed the effect of early experience on the future development of the child. Memories of traumatic or stressful events tend to be stored in a dysfunctional brain in a non-metabolized form of "network mnemonic" containing clusters of perceptions, expectations, negative emotions and bodily sensations that may be related to the experience of caregiving . In situations in caregiving particularly dysfunctional childhood, the attachment model developed by the child will then contain mnemonic networks characterized by the experience of rejection and / or mistreatment. The model therefore anticipates AIP intervention, achieved through the approach of EMDR, which act in the sense of transformation on the peculiarities of the internal working models of the relationship. The implications of this premise are the subject of the report.

Keywords: Attachment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

198. Balbo, M. (2008, Novembre). EMDR e disturbi alimentari [EMDR and eating disorders]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
I Disturbi del comportamento alimentare per la complessità che li caratterizza comportano spesso problematiche relative alla diagnosi, alla scelta del trattamento primario e al tipo di terapia. Il Workshop si propone di rispondere al quesito: “da dove cominciare”, come pianificare il trattamento con l’EMDR , qual è il problema centrale e quindi il primo e più importante da affrontare per aiutare il paziente a superare la preoccupazione estrema per il cibo e le forme corporee. Gli argomenti che verranno presentati si propongono di affrontare le seguenti aree.: • Diagnosi descrittiva. • DSM IV: chiarezza classificatoria. • Multifattorialità dei disturbi dell'alimentazione. • Integrazione dell’EMDR nel trattamento: quando e con quale paziente. • Ricerca dei target significativi nella storia di vita del paziente. • Preparazione del paziente per il trattamento EMDR, come affrontare il blocco emozionale del paziente DCA e la fuga dalla consapevolezza; installazione di risorse e immagini chiave • La motivazione al cambiamento nei pazienti difficili. • La relazione terapeutica. • Intervento psicoeducazionale. • Lavoro sui target del passato. • Aree di contenuto utilizzabili per l’intervento integrativo-cognitivo, analisi dei pensieri disfunzionali. • Lavoro sui target del presente (gestione delle “emergenze”) • Lavoro sul futuro:prevenzione delle ricadute e conclusione del trattamento. • Discussione di casi.

Disorders of eating behavior of the complexity that characterizes them often involve issues related to diagnosis, choice of primary treatment and type of therapy. The Workshop aims to answer the question: "where to start, how to plan treatment with EMDR, which is the central problem and then the first and most important deal to help the patient to overcome the extreme concern for food and body shapes. The topics to be presented are intended to address the following areas.: • descriptive diagnosis. • DSM IV classificatory clarity. • multifactorial nature of eating disorders. • Integrating EMDR treatment: when and how patient. • Research targets in the history of the patient's life. • Preparing the patient for treatment EMDR, how to address the emotional blocks of the patient and the flight from DCA awareness; installation of resources and key images • The motivation to change in patients difficult. • The therapeutic relationship. • psycho-educational intervention. • Work on target in the past. • Content areas used for Integrated intervention-cognitive analysis of dysfunctional thoughts. • Work on this target (management of "emergencies") • Work on the future: prevention of relapses and end of treatment. • Discussion of cases.

Keywords: Eating Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

199. Rovetto, F. (2006). EMDR e intervento farmacologico [EMDR and pharmacological intervention]. In M. Balbo (a cura). EMDR: Uno strumento di dialogo fra le psicoterapie [EMDR: A tool for dialogue among the psychotherapies] 1e edizione, (pp. 317-325). Milano, Italy: McGraw-Hill.

Language: Italian

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Pharmacological Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

200. Salomoni, S. R. (2012, Novembro). EMDR e terapia familiar: Um caso de fibromialgia [EMDR and family therapy: A case of fibromyalgia]. In EMDR e fibromialgia. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Terapia Familiar Sistêmica, de forma integrada. Objetivo: Demonstrar como a associação das duas abordagens permite alterar o foco do individual para o familiar e do familiar para o individual, resultando em superação de traumas e integração individual, com relações mais saudáveis. Método: O EMDR foi utilizado para reprocessar traumas, a partir de queixas da cliente. Segundo Bruck, “o trauma é uma experiência que explode a capacidade de suportar um revés, traz perda de sentido, desorganização corporal e paralisação da consciência corporal; pode deixar marcas que influenciam a criatividade e a motivação para a vida”. Assim, mesmo uma pessoa com boa estrutura de personalidade, resiliente e com família funcional, não está imune ao trauma.O outro pilar teórico norteador do trabalho é a Terapia Familiar, uma vez que os modelos de transação experimentados na família de origem constituem-se matrizes de aprendizagem para as transações sociais futuras. Para Souza, a família é um microcosmo, um universo em miniatura, representativo do mundo lá fora e do lá dentro de cada um de nós. Considera-se também a rede social pessoal, definida por Sluzki como a soma das relações que o indivíduo percebe serem significativas para si. Desta maneira, busca-se a dinâmica na família, que pode facilitar ou dificultar o trabalho com o indivíduo. Com o EMDR lidamos com traumas recentes e antigos e com crenças limitantes, e a partir daí são mobilizados recursos positivos inacessíveis até então, devido ao bloqueio de traumas. Esses recursos individuais já mais acessíveis são então integrados na vida familiar e social. Resultados: Apresento o caso de uma moça de 28 anos com diagnóstico médico de fibromialgia, universitária, que tinha abandonado os estudos e estágio, com fortes dores e muito tempo na cama, que após 15 sessões de psicoterapia, incluindo as sessões familiares, voltou às suas atividades normais.

Systemic Family Therapy, seamlessly. Objective: To demonstrate how the combination of the two approaches allows you to change the focus from the individual to the family and the family for the individual, resulting in overcoming traumas and individual integration with healthier relationships. Method: The EMDR was used to reprocess trauma, from customer complaints. According to Bruck, "trauma is an experience that explodes the ability to support a setback, brings loss of meaning, and paralysis of body clutter body awareness, can leave marks that influence creativity and motivation for life." Thus, even a person with good personality structure, resilient and functional family, is not immune to trauma.O another pillar guiding theoretical work is Family Therapy, once the transaction models experienced in the family of origin constitute matrices of social learning for future transactions. For Souza, the family is a microcosm, a miniature universe, representative of the outside world and the inside of each of us. It is also considered a social network, defined by Sluzki as the sum of the relations that the individual perceives itself to be significant. In this way, search the dynamics in the family, which can facilitate or hinder the work with the individual. With EMDR deal with recent and old traumas and limiting beliefs, and from there are positive resources mobilized hitherto inaccessible, due to blockage of trauma. These individual features are now more accessible then integrated into family and social life. Results: I present the case of a girl of 28 years with a medical diagnosis of fibromyalgia, university, who had abandoned his studies and internship, with severe pain and a lot of time in bed, that after 15 sessions of psychotherapy, including family sessions, returned to their normal activities.

Keywords: Family Therapy Fibromyalgia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

201. Faretta, E. (2008, Novembre). EMDR e trattamento del disturbo di panico: Un protocollo specifico integrato [EMDR and the treatment of panic disorder: a specific protocol integrated]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nell’ambito degli studi sulle possibilità terapeutiche offerte dall’impiego dell’EMDR in diverse patologie si sono evidenziate delle prospettive interessanti in relazione agli interventi sui disturbi di panico, in grado di fornire una possibilità di lavoro terapeutico globale e completo focalizzato non solo sulla condizione presente e quindi sulla gestione degli attacchi di panico, ma anche sulla comprensione dinamica di tale disturbo. Facendo riferimento alla letteratura e ai resoconti che hanno supportato l’efficacia del-l’EMDR per il trattamento del Disturbo d’Attacchi di Panico (Feske & Goldstein, 1997; Goldstein & Feske, 1994; Nadler, 1996; Shapiro & Forrest, 1997) e dalla analisi ed applicazione del protocollo Whisman, è stato messo a punto, attraverso la personale pratica clinica, un preciso protocollo integrato per il trattamento del disturbo di panico secondo l’approccio EMDR. Facendo riferimento a questi studi, l’ipotesi di intervento dalla quale sono partita è quella che si basa sulla considerazione che l’attacco di panico può rappresentare un evento traumatico di per sé e che quindi il lavoro clinico proposto, seguendo l’approccio EMDR, risulta efficace per desensibilizzare e rielaborare convinzioni, comportamenti, emozioni e sensazioni corporee legate alla paura fino a farle rientrare all’interno di un sistema di convinzioni più gestibile, in modo da permettere al paziente di affrontare le situazioni precedentemente temute e quindi evitate. In questo workshop vengono presentate le modalità di applicazione nel disturbo panico in relazione alle 8 fasi di lavoro dell’approccio EMDR, facendo riferimento ai casi clinici e quindi ad esperienze pratiche derivanti dal personale lavoro terapeutico. Da qui vengono fornite le linee per la strutturazione dello specifico piano di trattamento, secondo un protocollo di lavoro, appositamente elaborato, che conduce, passo dopo passo, all’applicazione del progetto terapeutico Il protocollo di lavoro presentato si focalizza sulla rielaborazione degli attacchi di panico e quindi sulla gestione della sintomatologia caratteristica di questo disturbo. Fornisce, inoltre, indicazioni per effettuare un’attenta anamnesi, che permetta al terapeuta di predisporre un adeguato piano di individuazione e di rielaborazione dei fattori precipitanti e delle esperienze traumatiche pregresse della storia personale del paziente sin dall’infanzia, che possono costituire la base emotiva sulla quale può instaurarsi, in particolari circostanze, la sintomatologia del DAP. Si tratta di eventi stressanti o traumatici del passato sui quali risulta indispensabile un lavoro di rielaborazione al fine di far emergere possibili capacità e comportamenti adattivi per realizzare azioni future adeguate.

As part of studies into the therapeutic possibilities offered by EMDR in various diseases appear to be any interesting perspectives in relation to work on problems panic, unable to provide an opportunity for therapeutic work focused global and comprehensive not only on the present condition and therefore on the management of panic attacks, but also on dynamic understanding of the disorder. Referring to the literature and the reports that have supported the efficacy of on-l'EMDR the treatment of Panic Disorder (FESK & Goldstein, 1997; FESK & Goldstein, 1994; Nadler, 1996, Shapiro & Forrest, 1997) and the analysis and application of the protocol Whisman, was developed through personal clinical practice, a precise protocol integrated treatment of panic disorder according to the EMDR approach. Referring to these studies, the possibility of intervention from which game is the one based on the consideration that the panic attack can be a traumatic event in itself and therefore the clinical work proposed, following the approach EMDR, is effective for desensitize and reprocess beliefs, behaviors, emotions and body sensations associated fear until they fall within a belief system more manageable, so allow the patient to deal with situations previously feared and avoided. In this workshop presents the detailed rules in panic disorder report at 8 phases of EMDR work of the approach, referring to clinical cases and then practical experiences arising from personal therapeutic work. From here, we provide the guidelines for the structuring of a specific treatment, according a working protocol, specially developed, which leads, step by step, application therapeutic project the protocol of work presented focuses on the recasting of panic attacks and then the management of symptoms characteristic of this disorder. Also provides instructions for making a careful medical history, which allows the therapist to prepare an adequate plan for the identification and revision of precipitating factors and past traumatic experiences of the patient's personal history from childhood, which may form the emotional basis on which it can establish, in certain circumstances, symptoms of CAD. It is stressful or traumatic events of the past on which it is essential work of reworking in order to identify possible skills and adaptive behaviors to achieve appropriate future action.

Keywords: Panic Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

202. Garcia, F. (2011, Julio). EMDR en el tratamiento del dolor crónico [EMDR treatment and chronic pain]. En Aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el IX Congreso Nacional de Psicología Clínica, San Sebastián, España.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
El modelo de intervención psicoterapéutica EMDR integra elementos de distintas escuelas de psicoterapia, haciendo de este acercamiento una herramienta eficaz aplicable a una enorme variedad de patologías y accesible a terapeutas de distintas orientaciones dentro de una serie de protocolos estandarizados (Van der Kolk, B., 1997). Es el caso del dolor crónico, donde EMDR ha desarrollado un protocolo específico para el tratamiento del mismo. La comprensión científica del dolor va evolucionando rápidamente. Antes se pensaba que su presencia implicaba únicamente la existencia de un daño físico, sin embargo, actualmente la ciencia nos ha llevado a descubrir la importancia que tienen las consecuencias de la vivencia del dolor. Porque el dolor genera importantes reacciones emocionales que pueden potenciar el sufrimiento que lleva asociado (García, J.A. 2009). Desde el modelo de procesamiento de la información, el dolor puede concebirse como una señal de que hay algo que no va bien, independientemente de la multifactorialidad de su etiología. Sin embargo, el dolor puede continuar a veces más de lo que puede ser funcional. En este sentido, el dolor a largo plazo puede conducir a cambios en el sistema nervioso, que pueden cronificar el dolor o intensificarlo. Según el modelo de procesamiento adaptativo de la información desde el que trabaja EMDR, el dolor se mantiene porque "se trabó" en el sistema nervioso, se dio un bloqueo de la información en la red de memoria somática. El EMDR se presenta como una herramienta eficaz para tratar el dolor, de manera que es un medio de estimular el sistema nervioso para ayudarle a la persona cambiar las respuestas al dolor. En esta comunicación se presenta la conceptualización y tratamiento del dolor crónico desde esta perspectiva a través de la presentación de un caso.

The EMDR intervention model integrates various elements schools of psychotherapy, making this an effective approach applicable to a huge variety of pathologies and accessible to therapists of different orientations within a set of standardized protocols (Van der Kolk, B., 1997). This is the case chronic pain, where EMDR has developed a specific protocol for the treatment of same. Scientific understanding of pain is evolving rapidly. before you thought his presence meant only the existence of a physical injury, without But now science has led us to discover the importance of consequences of the experience of pain. Because pain reactions generates significant can enhance emotional suffering associated with it (Garcia, JA 2009). From the model of information processing, the pain can be conceived as a sign that something is wrong, regardless of the multifactorial in its etiology. However, the pain can sometimes continue more than which may be functional. In this regard, the long-term pain can lead to changes in the nervous system, which can become chronic pain or intensify. According to the model of adaptive processing of information from which EMDR works, the pain maintains that "locked" in the nervous system, there was an information blockade in somatic memory network. The EMDR is presented as an effective tool for treating pain, so that is a means to stimulate the nervous system to help the person changing responses to pain. This communication presents the conceptualization and treatment of pain chronic from this perspective through the presentation of a case.

Keywords: Chronic Pain Symposium Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

203. Koempel, G. (2012, April). EMDR et psycho-dynamique: Une belle entente! Deux langages pour un traitement intégré et efficace [EMDR and psychodynamic: A great deal! Two languages for an integrated and efficient treatment]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Par la présentation détaillée d’un cas de burn-out, nous découvrirons ensemble comment une approche intégrée en psycho-dynamique et en EMDR enrichit la compréhension et le traitement du client et le travail du thérapeute. Nous insisterons sur l’alliance thérapeutique, la compréhension du client de sa propre psycho-dynamique comme une ressource et sur l’importance de la liste des évènements perturbateurs. Nous préciserons certains concepts psychanalytiques et rappellerons les concepts fondamentaux de l’EMDR afin d’identifier facilement leur utilisation lors de la présentation de cas. Attention! Il s’agit bien d’un cas de thérapie EMDR, infiltrée par une pensée psycho-dynamique.
Objectifs d’apprentissage: 1. Intégrer l’approche psycho-dynamique au traitement en EMDR (particulièrement lors de la phase 1 à 4) 2. Redécouvrir l’importance de dresser la liste des évènements perturbateurs avec tous les clients. 3. Établir comme nouvelle ressource la compréhension par le client de son propre enjeu psycho-dynamique. 4. Envisager l’alliance thérapeutique comme ressource principale pour le bon déroulement de la thérapie EMDR. 5. À travers l’exposé détaillé de séances de thérapie, suivre les 8 phases du traitement EMDR illustrant l’efficacité du modèle TAI.

For a detailed presentation of a case of burnout, we will discover together how an integrated psychodynamic and EMDR enhances the understanding and treatment of the client and the therapist's work. We will emphasize the therapeutic alliance, understanding the customer's own psycho-dynamics as a resource and the importance of disrupting the event list. We will specify certain psychoanalytic concepts and recall the basic concepts of EMDR to easily identify their use during the presentation of cases. Caution! It is indeed a case of EMDR, infiltrated by a psycho-dynamic thinking. Learning Objectives: 1. Integrate the psychodynamic approach to treatment in EMDR (particularly in Phase 1 to 4) 2. Rediscover the importance of listing the disruptive events with all clients. 3. Establish as a new resource for understanding the customer's own stake psychodynamic. 4. Consider the therapeutic alliance as a key resource for the success of EMDR therapy. 5. Through the detailed presentation of therapy sessions, follow the eight phases of EMDR treatment model illustrating the effectiveness of TAI.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

204. Burzynski, S. (2010, July). EMDR for anger management. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The presentation examines a single case study of an indigenous Australian, diagnosed with trauma based borderline personality disorder experiencing peremptory anger. Anger within the PTSD context and ‘survival mode’ of operation are discussed. Treatment incorporated EMDR within a paradigm of Structural Dissociation. A targeted anger laden EP is integrated with the ANP and results discussed. The role of time orientation (presentification) and coconsciousness (personification) in treatment are also examined.
Keywords: Anger Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
205. Shapiro, R. (2010, September/October). EMDR for trauma-based, attachment-based, and endogenous depression. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR’s Protocol is a powerful intervention that can impact many kinds of depression. Participants will learn about Bessel van der Kolk’s research, other research and clinical experience to bring the EMDR Protocol to the treatment of trauma-based, attachment-based and endogenous depression and mood disorders. They will understand the etiology, assessment, and treatment for each kind of depression. They will take home EMDR skills to work with mood disorders and endogenous depression. The AIP is cited throughout. Other interventions, including ego-state and biological are described, when appropriate. The presentation is user-friendly, with interventions that can be implemented immediately.
Keywords: Attachment Depression Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
206. Shapiro, F., & Broderson, G. (1997). EMDR for trauma: Eye movement desenitization and reprocessing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a complex treatment approach that combines salient elements of the major therapeutic schools (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and interactional). Although the eye movement stimulation (and other forms of dual stimulation used in the approach) have garnered the most attention professionally and publicly, EMDR actually involves a much broader spectrum of interventions, which are organized into eight phases of therapy. Currently, 13 completed controlled studies of EMDR make it one of the most researched methods of psychotherapy used in the treatment of trauma. Its efficacy has been supported by these studies: the four most recent studies of victims who have suffered single traumas have demonstrated that after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions, 84% to 90% of patients no longer have symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Rothbaum, 1997; Wilson, Becker, & Tinker, 1995).
EMDR is based on the assumption that specific experiences from the past continue to guide the client`s responses in the present. These experiences can be the "big T" traumas that result in PTSD or the "small t" traumas that are the ubiquitous experiences known to have a less dramatic but still negative impact on personality and behavior.
To influence such experiences from the past, EMDR draws on an information processing model of behavior. Conceptually, disturbing trauma-related information is believed to be held in the patient`s nervous system in state-dependent form (e.g., the perceptions and sensations experienced at the time of the trauma are encoded in the nervous system). EMDR allows the processing of this information in an adaptive fashion so that what is useful from the experience can be learned; stored appropriately, cognitively, and affectively; and made available for behavioral guidance in the future. What is useless to adaptation, such as excess negative emotions, irrational self-assessments, and disturbing physical sensations, can be discarded.
Assessment is focused not on global diagnoses but rather on specific delineations of problematic behaviors, attitudes, and affects that need to be transmuted to allow for adaptive resolution of trauma or conflict. Specifically, the EMDR clinician asks, what is the patient being influenced by past experiences to do in the present that is dysfunctional and what is he or she prevented from doing that would be adaptive?
Although originally applied to PTSD, EMDR shows promise in a variety of clinical complaints that are based on earlier life experiences that underlie the pathology and current experiences and that restimulate the disturbance. EMDR allows clients to access and reprocess these experiences as well as to learn new skills and behaviors for managing future life events. In all cases, the goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while helping the client to remain reasonably stable.
EMDR as an eight-phase intervention approach can be considered a complete treatment in some clinical cases, or it may be part of a more complex treatment plan that includes other more traditional approaches to treating a specific pathology (e.g., borderline personality disorder). Within this latter integrative context, EMDR appears to be useful for a broad range of clinical complaints and seems to provide more rapid achievement of positive treatment effects than do these more traditional approaches alone.
Dr. Shapiro identifies her approach as "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing." What does this imply to you? More specifically, what do you expect of her? Will Dr. Shapiro be active or passive? Will the session be structured or unstructured? Directive or nondirective? Will it focus on the past or on the present? Will the session focus on behaviors, on thoughts, or on feelings? What do you expect to be the relative balance between attention to technique versus the interpersonal interaction?
Keywords: Client Francine Shapiro Male
Accuracy Verified: Yes
207. Farrell, D., Tareen, S., & Keenan, P. (2008, November). EMDR HAP training in Pakistan in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake and the ‘War on terror’. Presentation at the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
On Saturday 8th October 2005, a devastating earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale struck northern Pakistan. The magnitude of the earthquake wiped out entire villages and communities, destroyed 400,000 houses and created over 73,000 fatalities and 135,000 people injured. EMDR UK & Ireland, EMDR Europe, the British/ Pakistani Psychiatric Association & the University of Birmingham supported an eighteen month Humanitarian Assistance Programme to help train forty-nine mental health workers, mainly psychiatrists and psychologists from the earthquake affected areas, in the theory and practice of EMDR in the management of psychological trauma. This programme was one of the first University based HAP trainings in EMDR ever to be undertaken. This paper will provide an insight into the development and progression of the trainings in light of the ongoing political problems in Pakistan both in terms of post earthquake reconstruction and the continued threat of terrorist attacks throughout Pakistan. It will also consider cultural perspectives of trauma and how this related to both EMDR and the conceptual framework of PTSD. The paper will also highlight some of the psychometric data acquired from survivors from the earthquake areas and demonstrate the ways in which EMDR is being utilised as a psychological treatment intervention in Northern Pakistan.
Keywords: Earthquake HAP Pakistan
Accuracy Verified: Yes
208. Farrell, D. (2008, November). EMDR HAP training in Pakistan in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake and the ‘war on terror’. Symposium conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
On Saturday 8th October 2005, a devastating earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale struck northern Pakistan. The magnitude of the earthquake wiped out entire villages and communities, destroyed 400,000 houses and created over 73,000 fatalities and 135,000 people injured. EMDR UK & Ireland, EMDR Europe, the British/ Pakistani Psychiatric Association & the University of Birmingham supported an eighteen month Humanitarian Assistance Programme to help train forty-nine mental health workers, mainly psychiatrists and psychologists from the earthquake affected areas, in the theory and practice of EMDR in the management of psychological trauma. This programme was one of the first University based HAP trainings in EMDR ever to be undertaken. This paper will provide an insight into the development and progression of the trainings in light of the ongoing political problems in Pakistan both in terms of post earthquake reconstruction and the continued threat of terrorist attacks throughout Pakistan. It will also consider cultural perspectives of trauma and how this related to both EMDR and the conceptual framework of PTSD. The paper will also highlight some of the psychometric data acquired from survivors from the earthquake areas and demonstrate the ways in which EMDR is being utilised as a psychological treatment intervention in Northern Pakistan.
Keywords: Earthquake HAP Pakistan Symposium Terror
Accuracy Verified: Yes
209. Grant, M. (1997, July). EMDR in a multi-modal approach to chronic pain. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This is an outline of a psychological treatment approach to chronic pain, integrated with medical treatment, based on EMDR. EMDR consists of a combination of various elements of standard approaches to pain management, together with innovations such as dual focus of attention and bilateral stimulation. Although EMDR initially utilized bilateral eye-movements (EM'S), bilateral tones and tapping are now also utilized. One of the central elements of EMDR is a desensitization procedure in which the patient is assisted to focus on the negative thoughts feeling and sensations associated with their problem, whilst simultaneously attending to a bilateral stimulation (visual, auditory or tactile). This is frequently followed by change in the level of distress associated with the problem (Shapiro. 1989, 1995).
Keywords: Chronic Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
210. Deneau, T., & Davis, K. (1998, July). EMDR in an EAP setting. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to : 1) identify key elements of policy and procedure in the development of a plan for using EMDR in an EAP setting; 2) explain the requirements needed to implement use of EMDR while maintaining appropriate EAP boundaries; and 3) describe ways to identify needs in a workplace which can be met by implementing the EMDR intervention.
Keywords: EAP Employee Assistance Program
Accuracy Verified: Yes
211. Amann, B. (2012, June). EMDR in bipolar disorder: Results of a randomized, controlled pilot study [EMDR en el Trastorno Bipolar: Resultados de una muestra aleatoria, estudio piloto controlado]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There is increasing evidence about bipolar patients are more exposed than general population to negative life events and PTSD. This has consequences on the illness course being associated with more relapses and subsyndromal symptoms within affective episodes. We conducted the first controlled, randomized study of EMDR versus treatment as usual in 20 bipolar, subsyndromal traumatized bipolar patients. 11 Patients received between 15 and 20 sessions of EMDR, the follow-up was up to 6 months in both groups. Our hypothesis was that patients in the EMDR group would be more stable in their mood, would show less affective relapses, improvement in cognition/functioning, and quality of life, when compared with the control group. We present the first data of the evaluation after three months of intervention.

Existe una creciente evidencia acerca de que los pacientes bipolares están más expuestos que la población general a eventos vitales negativos y TEPT. Esto tiene consecuencias en el curso de la enfermedad con más recaídas y síntomas subsindrómicos dentro de los episodios afectivos. Hemos realizado el primer estudio con aleatorización controlada de EMDR versus el tratamiento estándar en 20 bipolares subsindrómicos, con traumatización. 11 pacientes recibieron entre 15 y 20 sesiones de EMDR, el seguimiento fue durante 6 meses en ambos grupos. Nuestra hipótesis fue que los pacientes en el grupo EMDR tendrían una mejor estabilización de su ánimo, menos propensos a las recaídas, y mejorarían su funcionamiento cognitivo, y calidad de vida, cuando los comprásemos con el grupo control.
Keywords: Bipolar Disorder Pilot Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
212. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., & Muroaka, M. Y. (1995, June). EMDR in combat-related PTSD: A controlled study. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In view of potential, but largely undocumented benefits of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an intervention for PTSD in combat veterans, in our laboratory a study of EMDR treatment included (1) randomized patient assignment, (2) clinically appropriate comparison (treatment and control) groups, (3) a 12-session EMDR protocol administered by experienced, EMDR trained clinicians, and (4) extensive clinical assessment, including physiological evaluation at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Thirty-five veterans who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD completed an extensive multimodal assessment protocol. Assessment instruments included: The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, the Impact of Events Scale (IES), the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), a self-rating of overall severity of "PTSD symptoms," the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI). In addition, each subject completed a Stressful Scene Construction Questionnaire (SSCQ) in which scripts of specific traumatic combat incidents were prepared for presentation during psychophysiological assessment. Following pre-assessment, a subset of the subjects constituted a waiting list control (CON, N = 12). Routine clinical care for these subjects was available at the VA Medical Center. Seven of these subjects also participated in group sessions for discussion of PTSD designed as an attentional control. There were no differences between the two control subgroups and their data was combined for all subsequent analyses. For the treatment groups, subjects assigned to the EMDR (EMD, N = 10) and relaxation (RXT, N = 13) groups were seated in a semi-reclined chair and continuous measures were taken of muscle tension levels (four sites), hand temperature, skin conductance levels, heart rate, and blood pressure. For all subjects, there were 20 minutes in each of the baseline sessions with no additional stimuli presented. At the end of session 2 of baseline, the patients remained in the experimental room and were assessed for an additional 20 minutes (pre-treatment) during which the SSCQ scripts also were presented. There were two sessions per week with a minimum of one day between sessions. Each subsequent treatment session for the EMD and RXT subjects was approximately 60 minutes in duration, allowing for set-up time and briefing. In the EMD group, a standard protocol for the EMDR interventions was administered, including periodic SUDS ratings and VoC scaling of combat and related images and cognitions (cf Shapiro, 1995). In the RXT group, home relaxation tapes and biofeedback on four sites (face, neck, arm, and back) to assist lowered muscle tension were provided. Following 12 treatment sessions (post-treatment), and again after three months (follow-up) the psychometric instruments and psychophysiological assessment were readministered using the format outlined above. Relative to the other conditions, the EMDR treatment produced substantially more positive clinical effects at post-treatment and follow-up. Comparing the EMD group to the CON group, significant effects (p<.05 or better) were obtained on measures of PTSD including the Mississippi and PTSD symptoms self-rating, and on the Beck and STAI-Trait. Comparing the EMD group to the RXT subjects, significant differences were found on the Mississippi, the IES-Intrusion scale, the CAPS, PTSD symptoms ratings, and the STAI-Trait scale. No differences were obtained on any of the physiological measures. Therefore, the present results support the effectiveness of EMDR with combat veterans with chronic PTSD. The data strongly suggest that some previous negative results obtained when EMDR was applied to chronic and severe combat PTSD may have resulted from methodological artifacts, such as inadequate amount of treatment and therapist inexperience. While the failure to find physiological effects is consistent with results of other controlled treatment exposure trials in PTSD, this finding raises clinical and conceptual questions with respect to the arousal component of the disorder.
Keywords: Combat Controlled Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
213. Poon, Wai-Ling, M. (2012). EMDR in competition with fate: A case study in a Chinese woman with multiple traumas. Case Reports in Psychiatry, 2012, 1-4. doi:10.1155/2012/827187.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper described the application of eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) for addressing the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a Chinese woman who had experienced multiple traumas in her childhood. EMDR is an integrative therapeutic intervention that uses a standardized eight-phase approach to treatment. It is also a proven, effective, and efficient treatment for trauma. In this client with multiple traumas, the etiological event that lay the foundation of her dysfunctional responses was reprocessed first. The successful resolution of this event allowed the positive treatment effects to transfer to other traumatic events of a similar theme. This case also illustrates the importance of identifying a culturally appropriate positive cognition (PC) in contributing to the success of the treatment.
Keywords: Case Study China Trauma Woman
Accuracy Verified: Yes
214. Gambuzza, C. A. (2010, June). EMDR in complex trauma of perinatal disorder and abuse. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper reports a case of PN-PTSD (Perinatal Disorder), this being a disorder that is not frequently diagnoses and not classified in DSM-IV, where a technical variation of floatback, i. e., floatback-floatforward on timeline successfully overcame the posttraumatic amnesia, optimized access to the dissociated parts of the Self, and integrated the Internal Family System with EMDR and Ego State Therapy. The sixteen year old patient, S, sniffed heron and practised self mutilation. After two years' therapy the family secret was revealed in a dream and led us towards the abuse. I adopted the theoretical reference models on dissociation reported by M. Steinberg, B. A. van der Kolk, 0. van der Hart, and C. McFarlane's operative EMDR model and Ego State Therapy. The aim of the therapy was to rebuild integrity of the Self and to foster individualization- separation processes. The main goal was create a sense of loyalty during therapy that would allow S to be able to control in transitions in her dissociated mental states. Negotiation between the ego states were created so that S could face the states of terror and anxiety and gradually become integrated. Alter had different names and distinctively different preferences and personality traits, at times those alter took complete executive control of the body and of the self. Initially the alter has names outside the Self, then during the course of therapy their names began with '5'. The dissociated alters have become targets far EMDR. The story of S, revolves round two traumas: PN-PTSD and abuse. Perinatal trauma and uterine perception of her mother's depressive emotional states triggered difficulties in the child latching on to the mother's breast, and the lack of mirroring and affective syntonization caused the failure of internalization processes that lead to identity. 5 was aware of the trauma of abandonment, but not of the trauma of abuse that she defined as 'a deep impenetrable hole'. In order to address the life-threatening trauma. S used an invasive ego-dystonic coping mechanism: dissociation of the object and the Self. By placing the abuse in an alter, S could still feel attached to her family members that abused her, actively or passively using silence. While the DES scale did not provide significant dissociation results, the SCID-LIST furnished high values. The self-mutilation practised by S may represent her hate of her body that did not rebel to the abuse it was subjected to, or, as she said it may represent "a way to punish herself for the guilt of existing or to inflict upon herself physical pain to conceal the anxiety of death". EMDR was a challenge; it reached the preverbal states of the arena of the primary process, it bound with emotions and led her to symbolization, t resolved the traumatic matter that was frozen In the neural networks and determined Self- integration. The Ego States Therapy was a useful tool.
Keywords: Perinatal Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
215. Beer, R., & Hornsveld, H. (2008). EMDR in de behandeling van eetstoornissen [EMDR in the treatment of eating disorders]. In E. ten Broeke, A. de Jongh, & H. Oppenheim (Red), Praktijkboek EMDR: Casusconceptualisatie en en specifieke patiëntengroepen,(pp. 201-243). Amsterdam: Harcourt Press.

Language: Dutch
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Dit hoofdstuk is voortgekomen uit enthousiasme voor EMDR. Eetstoornissen (anorexia nervosa, boulimia nervosa en binge eating disorder) staan bekend als moeilijk te behandelen. Behandeling van patiënten met eetstoornissen vindt bij voorkeur plaats door een multidisciplinair, specialistisch team met een gemeenschappelijke visie (Clinical Guideline Eating Disorders, 2004; Multidisciplinaire Richtlijn voor Eetstoornissen, 2006). Cognitieve gedragstherapie neemt hierbij een prominente plaats in. De weinige beschikbare gecontroleerde studies laten matige resultaten zien met behoorlijke terugvalpercentages (Multidisciplinaire Richtlijn voor Eetstoornissen, 2006). Over het algemeen geldt dat cognitieve gedragstherapie de behandeling van voorkeur is, maar ook de resultaten van deze benadering geven aanleiding tot bescheidenheid (Fairburn e.a., 1999). Onderzoekers en behandelaars zijn daarom voortdurend op zoek naar nieuwe invalshoeken en mogelijkheden. In ons werk met eetstoornispatiënten hebben wij ons afgevraagd hoe de kracht van EMDR ingezet zou kunnen worden bij de vaak moeizame behandeling van patiënten met een eetstoornis. De volgende bevindingen zijn gebaseerd op ervaringen met de behandeling van jongeren (12-18 jaar) met voornamelijk anorexia nervosa1 en volwassenen met hoofdzakelijk binge eating disorder. Daarnaast hebben wij onze klinische ervaringen uitgewisseld met collega’s2 in een werkgroep ‘EMDR en eetstoornissen’. Onze ‘experimenten’ met EMDR vonden steeds plaats als onderdeel van een geïntegreerde, multidisciplinaire poliklinische of deeltijdbehandeling. Het is daarom moeilijk objectief vast te stellen wat specifieke effecten zijn geweest van de beschreven interventies. Onze indruk is echter dat EMDR een klinisch relevante verbetering teweeg kan brengen, waar die met de meer gangbare methoden veel lastiger of zelfs niet te bereiken zou zijn geweest. In wetenschappelijke tijdschriften is, naar wij weten, slechts één artikel verschenen over het gebruik van EMDR in de behandeling van eetstoornissen (Hudson e.a., 1998). Over empirisch onderzoek naar de effecten van EMDR bij de behandeling van eetstoornissen is nog niets gepubliceerd. Wel is door verschillende collega’s op EMDR-congressen bruikbaar materiaal gepresenteerd voor toepassing bij patiënten met een eetstoornis (Vogelmann-Sinn e.a., 1998; Omaha, 2000; Bloomgarden en Calogero, 2002; Friedland, 2003; Hase, 2005).

This chapter is the result of enthusiasm for EMDR. Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder) are known as difficult to treat. Treatment of patients with eating disorders is preferably carried out by a multidisciplinary specialist team with a common vision (Clinical Guideline Eating Disorders, 2004; Multidisciplinary Guideline for Eating Disorders, 2006). Cognitive behavioral therapy occupies a prominent place. The few available controlled studies have shown mixed results with significant relapse rates (Multidisciplinary Guideline for Eating Disorders, 2006). Generally, that cognitive-behavioral treatment of preference, but also the results of this approach give rise to modest (Fairburn et al, 1999). Researchers and practitioners are therefore constantly looking for new approaches and possibilities. In our work with eating disorder patients, we asked ourselves how the power of EMDR could be used in the often difficult management of patients with eating disorders. The following findings are based on experiences with the treatment of adolescents (12-18 years) with anorexia mainly nervosa1 and adults with mainly binge eating disorder. We also exchanged our clinical experiences with collega's2 in a workgroup 'EMDR and eating disorders. Our 'experiments' with EMDR were always held as part of an integrated, multidisciplinary outpatient treatment or time. It is therefore difficult to determine objectively what specific effects have been the interventions described. Our impression is that EMDR is a clinically relevant improvement can bring, where those with the more common methods much more difficult or even impossible to achieve would have been. In scientific journals, to our knowledge, only one article about the use of EMDR in the treatment of eating disorders (Hudson et al, 1998). On empirical research into the effects of EMDR in the treatment of eating disorders is not yet published. However, by several colleagues EMDR conferences presented useful material for use in patients with eating disorders (Mann-Sinn Vogel et al, 1998; Omaha, 2000; Bloom Garden and Calogero, 2002; Friedland, 2003; Hase, 2005).
Keywords: Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
216. Hofmann, A., & Solomon, R. (2009). EMDR in der behandlung akut traumatisierter [EMDR in the treatment of acutely traumatized]. In A. Hofmann, N. Galley, & R. A. Solomon, EMDR – Therapie psychotraumatischer Belastungssyndrome, 2 Tabellen, (4., unveränd. Aufl.) (pp 107-114 ) Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag KG.

Language: German
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Mit den zunehmenden Erfahrungen und Forschungsergebnissen im Bereich psychotraumatischer Reaktionen gelangte in den Jahren nach der Entwicklung der Konzepte über die chronischen traumatischen Störungen auch der Bereich der akuten Traumatisierungen in das Blickfeld systematischer Studien und Interventionsversuche. So wurden zunehmend diagnostische und therapeutische Konzepte entwickelt, in denen versucht wird, Opfern von z. B. krimineller Gewalt, schweren Unfällen oder kritischen Zwischenfällen im polizeilich/militärischen Bereich bereits kurz nach den traumatischen Ereignissen hilfreich zur Seite zu stehen und – wenn möglich – sogar die Entwicklung schwerer Störungen zu verhindern. Als günstig erwies sich dabei, dass sich die Mehrzahl der Opfer akuter Traumatisierungen innerhalb einer Zeit von mehreren Wochen bis Monaten ohne äußeres therapeutisches Eingreifen spontan erholen und das Ereignis seelisch bewältigen können (Rothbaum u. Foa 1993). Als problematisch zeigte sich aber einerseits die Vielfalt möglicher Symptome direkt nach einem traumatischen Ereignis, andererseits der zunehmende Übergang in eine posttraumatische Symptomatik (aber auch andere) bei einer meist kleineren Gruppe der Traumatisierten (Orner u. Schnyder 2003). Forscherische und therapeutische Bemühungen versuchen derzeit, die Gruppe der Traumaopfer, die ein erhöhtes Risiko haben könnten, später eine posttraumatische Störung zu entwickeln, zu identifizieren und ihnen – wenn möglich – schon frühzeitig gezielt Hilfe zukommen zu lassen. Auf der anderen Seite wird so versucht, die Traumaopfer, bei denen eine Bewältigung des traumatischen Ereignisses ohne spezifische therapeutische Hilfe erwartet werden kann, nicht unnötig zu pathologisieren, ihnen aber ausreichend Unterstützung und Hilfe zu gewähren, sodass sie den Verarbeitungsvorgang ohne äußere Irritationen abschließen können (Fischer et al. 1998). Diese diagnostischen und therapeutischen Forschungen sind derzeit noch in vollem Gange, gesicherte Forschungsergebnisse liegen bisher nur in wenigen Bereichen der Behandlung akuter Traumatisierungen vor (Barre u. Biesold 2002, Orner u. Schnyder 2003, Yehuda 1998). Dennoch liegen bereits Modellrechnungen der Kostenträger vor, die belegen, dass frühe, fundierte Interventionsansätze bei akut Traumatisierten (z. B. Überfallopfern) erhebliche Kosteneinsparungen der Kostenträger bewirken (Wiessmann 2002). Angesichts der großen Zahl der täglich bei schweren Unfällen oder Verbrechen akut traumatisierten Menschen, die derzeit mit einer Vielzahl empirisch wenig validierter Konzepte behandelt werden müssen, wird der hohe Handlungsdruck einerseits, die Einschränkung vieler der folgenden Anhaltspunkte für therapeutische Intervention andererseits, deutlich. Auch Hinweise und Empfehlungen bezüglich eines Einsatzes der EMDR-Methode bei diesen Patienten sollten mit diesen Einschränkungen verstanden werden. Auch wenn es einige erste Hinweise auf einen erfolgversprechenden Einsatz der EMDR-Methode bei akut Traumatisierten gibt, so sollte eine Therapie mittels EMDR in einen umfassenden, z. B. dynamisch-behavioralen, Behandlungsplan dieser Patienten eingebettet werden (Bisson 2003, McNally u. Solomon 1999). Weiterhin sollte der systematische Einsatz der EMDR-Methode derzeit – wenn irgend möglich – an hohen Qualitätsstandards orientiert und forschungsmäßig evaluiert werden, um die Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung bezüglich bestimmter Patientengruppen sowie den optimalen Einsatzzeitpunkt konfrontierender Verfahren systematisch verbessern zu können.

With increasing experience and research results in the field of psycho-traumatic Responses came in the years after the development of concepts about the chronic traumatic disorders, the area of acute trauma in the field of view systematic studies and intervention trials. Thus, more diagnostic and therapeutic concepts developed in which attempts are is, for example, victims of criminal violence, serious accidents or critical incidents the police / military shortly after the traumatic events to help Page is available and - if possible - even the to prevent development of severe disorders. Proved to be favorable, that the Most of the victims of acute trauma in a period of several weeks to months without an external therapeutic intervention spontaneously recover and cope with the emotional event can (Rothbaum and Foa 1993). One problem was but one part of the Variety of possible symptoms immediately after a traumatic event, on the other hand, the increasing Transition to a post-traumatic symptoms (And others) usually at a smaller group of traumatized (and Orner Schnyder 2003). Research and therapeutic efforts currently trying the group of trauma victims, an increased risk could later to develop post-traumatic disorder to identify them and - if possible - early to be targeted to come help. On the other hand, will attempt to Trauma victims, where a managing traumatic event without specific therapeutic Assistance can be expected not unnecessarily pathologization them but enough to provide support and assistance so that they the processing operation without external irritation can conclude (Fischer et al. 1998). These diagnostic and therapeutic research are still in full swing, secured Research results are presently available in few areas of acute trauma and before (Barre and Biesold 2002, Orner Schnyder 2003, Yehuda 1998). Nevertheless, there are already Model calculations of the cost modes, in the Demonstrating that early, in-depth intervention approaches in acute trauma (such as assault victims) significant cost savings for payers cause (Wiesmann 2002). Given the high volume of daily at serious accidents or crimes acutely traumatized People currently with a variety empirically validated concepts treated less must be the high pressure to act one hand, the restriction of many of the following Indications for therapeutic intervention on the other, significantly. Also advice and recommendations regarding of using the EMDR method in these patients should understand these limitations be. Although there are some initial indications a promising application of EMDR method in acutely traumatized people are so should be a therapy using EMDR in a comprehensive, such as dynamically-behavioral, treatment plan these patients are embedded (Bisson 2003, McNally and Solomon 1999). Furthermore, should be the systematic use of the EMDR method now - if possible - to high Quality standards and research-oriented terms is assessed to the benefit / risk ratio with respect to specific patient groups and the optimal use time of confrontational Method to improve systematically.
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
217. Woller, W. (2003). EMDR in der psychotherapie von persönlichkeitsstörungen [EMDR in the treatment of personality disorders]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin (ZPPM), 1(3), 17-24.

Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Behandlung psychotraumatischer belastungsstörungen mit EMDR
Die Arbeit stellt dar, (1) welche Modifikationen oder Einschränkungen sich für die Behandlung Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörungen mit EMDR durch die Präsenz komorbider Persönlichkeitsstörungen ergeben und (2) welche Möglichkeiten EMDR darüber hinaus für die Behandlung von Persönlichkeitsstörungen ohne die Symptomatik einer PTBS bieten kann. Beim Vorliegen einer Persönlichkeitsstörung muss EMDR in einen Gesamtbehandlungsplan integriert werden, der neben umfassender Stabilisierung, Symptomkontrolle und Ressourcenaktivierung die Modifikation verzerrter interpersoneller Wahrnehmungsmuster und maladaptiver Interaktionsmuster umfasst. Probleme der therapeutischen Arbeitsbeziehung können die Stabilisierungsphase schwierig und zeitaufwändig gestalten. Die EMDR-Technik muss entsprechend dem Typ der Persönlichkeitsstörung, der Abwehrstruktur und der symptomatischen Komorbidität modifiziert werden. Zusätzlich zur Behandlung von Traumatisierungen kann EMDR zur Bewältigung aktueller und künftiger Stressoren und zur Ressourcenstärkung eingesetzt werden.

EMDR has been shown to be an effective treatment method in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is a marked comorbidity between PTSD and personality disorders, some of which have been found to be long-term sequelae of cumulative childhood physical and sexual traumatization. Personality disorders are also included in the concepts of "complex PTSD" and "DESNOS". The paper discusses (1) modifications and limitations of EMDR technique required for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with comorbid personality disorders, and (2) further applications of EMDR in the treatment of personality disorders without PTSD. If comorbid personality disorder is present, EMDR has to be integrated into a complex treatment plan which includes stabilization, symptom control, resource installation, identification of distorted interpersonal perceptions, and modification of maladaptive interpersonal interactions. Because of the central role of generalized negative beliefs in maintaining cyclical maladaptive patterns, EMDR is regarded a valuable tool to modify negative beliefs along with processing traumatic memories and body sensations. Problems of therapeutic alliance due to transference phenomena and acting-out can make stabilization difficult and time-consuming. EMDR technique should be subjected to important modifications depending on personality disorder subtype, defence structure and symptomatic comorbidity. Structural dissociations of the personality (e.g. as in dissociative identity disorder) call for a consideration of all ego-states of the personality system before planning EMDR treatment. In addition to unresolved trauma, current and future interpersonal stressors can be chosen as EMDR targets.
Keywords: Personality Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
218. Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Seijo, N. (2011, November). EMDR in dissociative disorders: The progressive approach. Presentation at the 26th Annual International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Montreal, QE .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Abstract: After the first cautions for the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, many proposals have been done to adapt EMDR procedures to this specific population. Interesting interventions have been done for the use of EMDR in the preparation phase, but in spite of these useful proposals, EMDR is still considered by many clinicians as an intervention that is limited for the treatment of traumatic memories. From this conceptualization, which we have called the all/nothing perspective, the use of EMDR is strongly limited. Many clinicians wait years for trauma reprocessing. As a consequence of this conceptualization, many EMDR therapists do not use EMDR with most of their dissociative clients, and just use it with highly functioning patients, sometimes after years of therapy with other approaches. In this workshop we will describe (and exemplify with clinical cases and videos) different interventions with EMDR in dissociative clients, from the preparatory phase, in what we have called a Progressive Approach. The way in which specific EMDR procedures can contribute to enhance recovery in survivors will be explained. For doing this, concepts from the different approaches and scientific knowledge about severe traumatization will be integrated with the Adaptive Information Processing Model from EMDR. The idea is to propose a holistic model for EMDR therapy in Dissociative Disorders. The interweaving between theoretical concepts and clinical procedures, theoretical developments and video examples, will allow the audience to assimilate information and translate it to their clinical practice. Therapist from approaches different from EMDR will understand what this therapy can offer to the treatment of severely traumatized people. EMDR therapists will learn new proposals of interventions at the different phases of the treatment. We will present different examples of interventions in severely traumatized patients: DID, DESNOS, BPD and Somatoform dissociation.
Keywords: Dissociative Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
219. Gonzalez, A. (2013, June). EMDR in dissociative disorders: The progressive approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After the first cautions for the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, many proposals have been done to adapt EMDR procedures to this specific population. Nevertheless EMDR is still considered by many clinicians as an intervention that is limited to the treatment of traumatic memories in highly functioning dissociative clients, after a long preparation phase. From this conceptualization the use of EMDR is strongly limited, and many trauma survivors cannot benefit of it.
In this workshop a comprehensive model for EMDR therapy in Dissociative Disorders (the Progressive Approach) will be proposed. From this extended framework, different interventions with EMDR in dissociative clients will be described, including procedures to prepare and stabilize these clients. The integration of these specific EMDR procedures into a group therapy for trauma survivors will be described. The interweaving between theoretical developments, clinical procedures and video examples will allow the audience to assimilate information and translate it to their clinical practice. Learning objectives: Propose a comprehensive model to approach dissociative clients from the EMDR perspective, connecting theoretical developments and clinical procedures; Identify difficult situations in EMDR therapy of severely traumatized people and describe EMDR procedures for dissociative clients, all along the different phases of treatment; Illustrate the “progressive approach” for the treatment of dissociative disorders with clinical examples and video fragments of individual and group sessions so EMDR therapists can understand when, where and how to apply these procedures in their clinical practice.
Keywords: Dissociative Disorders Progressive Approach
Accuracy Verified: Yes
220. Cohen, A., & Lahad, M. (1999). EMDR in hospital intervention. In O. Ayalon, M. Lahad, A. Cohen (Ed.), Community stress prevention, v.3 (pp. 14-20). Kiriat Shmona: Community Stress Prevention Centre.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The therapeutic effectiveness of EMDR has been wel1 documented since 1989, but the technique is far from reaching its optimal utilisation in the clinical and psychological world. I wish to present a case in which the improvement on the part of the patient was rapid, possibly even astounding to those who are unfamiliar with EMDR. The implications of this treatment for me, however, were much further reaching. Many of the points outlined in theoretical training sessions were brought home most strongly and many more priceless pieces of advice for people who wish to be of assistance to someone who has been involved in a traumatic incident were made so clearly apparent. [Text, p. 14]
Keywords: Adults Case Report Females Medical Procedures Multiple Traumatic Events Phobia Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
221. Beer, R., & Bronner, M. B. (2010). EMDR in paediatrics and rehabilitation: An effective tool for reduction of stress reactions?. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 13(5), 307-309. doi:10.3109/17518423.2010.502914.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Having to cope with life-threatening injury or illness can be very stressful for children and their parents. In medical settings children—and parents—can be traumatized by various events both before and during hospitalization as well as during the rehabilitation-phase. Although most children and parents display remarkable resilience over time, stress levels can remain extremely high for a part of these children and parents throughout the entire hospital period and thereafter, culminating in various stress reactions. These reactions can be summarized in a framework of Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress (PMTS). However, several evidence-based interventions are available presently. One of these evidence-based treatment interventions is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Clinical efficiency of EMDR for children has been demonstrated by a recent meta-analysis and other studies. Application of EMDR should be taken into consideration whenever there is suffering from PMTS reactions—particularly intrusive memories, flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety and guilt feelings—or when these reactions interfere with either the recovery process or acceptance of a new situation. Integrated trauma-informed practice together with validated screening tools could be beneficial to families and possibly minimize or even prevent long-term PMTS reactions after life-threatening injury or illness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Editorial Pediatrics Rehabilitation Stress Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
222. Zweben, J., & Yeary, J. (2006, October). EMDR in the treatment of addictions. Journal of Chemical Dependency Treatment, 8(2), 115-227. doi:10.1300/J034v08n02_06.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Journal of Chemical Dependency Treatment Series
EMDR offers so much promise and great challenges to addiction treatment providers. It is a powerful tool for trauma resolution, but it must be carefully integrated into addiction treatment. Organizational as well as individual safety structures must be in place so that vulnerable indivduals may be offered this opportunity under conditions which maximize their chances for success. Efforts are underway to obtain funding for controlled trials, and it is hoped that these will clarify safety and efficacy questions, as well as many clinical issues that arise as more clinicians work with this method. [Haworth]
Keywords: Addictions Childhood Trauma Recovery
Accuracy Verified: Yes
223. McMahon, E. (2002). EMDR in the treatment of attachment and bonding difficulties. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 31-36). London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
A case of a young mother with an insecure attachment history herself who suffered severe post-natal depression after the birth of her first child and who regretted having this baby. Although recovering well from depression when first seen, having benefited from drug therapy and group therapy, there ware nevertheless little progress regarding her bonding with the child. Assessment indicated the emergence of an insecure/ambivalent attachment on the part of the baby resulting in excessive clinginess, sleeping, feeding and management difficulties. Apart from EMDR a number of other models of therapy were used in this case, including mother-infant psychotherapy, solution-focused and narrative therapy. In my own estimation, and in feedback from Susan, EMDR was the most powerful of all interventions. I think this care then represents a very good example of how EMDR is integrated with other therapeutic approaches. In terms of our understanding of this process, one conceptual model (Shapiro, 1995) is that the positive perspective and more adaptive interpretation that traditional therapy provides – including insight and a coherent narrative – is held in a separate neurological network and therefore cannot influence the network containing the dysfunction ally stored material associated with the traumatic memory. Traditional therapy is often unable to help the client link one to the other, and this is where EMDR is so impressively effective.
Keywords: Attachment Bonding Children Occasional Paper
Accuracy Verified: Yes
224. Grant, M., & Threlfo, C. (2002, December). EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1505-1520. doi:10.1002/jclp.10101.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Chronic pain presents a persistent and significant clinical challenge. Research examining commonly used psychotherapeutic treatments suggests that the results are not always well maintained, and that pain often is unrelieved. Continued exploration of new and more effective approaches is necessary. This article outlines an application of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), developed to improve coping and reduce chronic pain and suffering. The effectiveness of the EMDR Chronic Pain Protocol was investigated with three adult chronic pain sufferers. Intervention effectiveness was measured at baseline, during, and postintervention, with a two-month follow-up. All clients reported substantially decreased pain levels, decreased negative affect, and increased ability to control their pain following treatment. These results indicate that EMDR may be efficacious in the treatment of chronic pain and that further research is warranted. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [PubMed]
Keywords: Chronic Pain Empirical Study Pain Control
Accuracy Verified: Yes
225. Aytun, O. A. (2010, June). The EMDR integrated group treatment with child victims of a terrorist. In treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The present study is carried out within a psychological counseling project which is governed by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The study was designed to assess the effects of EMDR Integrated Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-ICTP: on the child victims of a terrorist bombing in Gun Goren, Istanbul. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 60 children who are in 5th, 3rd and 4th grade and effected by the event (exposed, witnessed or their relatives harmed, etc.) with high scores on the Turkish version of 'Impact of Event Scale' (IES). Before the group session. Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) and a survey asking 5 stress-related symptoms of their lives after the bomb attack were applied. The group sessions consist of: meeting with children. explaining trauma, psychological debriefing, EMDR (Installing the safe place, assessment, drawing the first picture, drawing the second and the third picture, tapping, relaxation), healing story and art therapy. Participants completed another survey about what they have realized during and after their group experience. The study is completed with a re-evaluation of one and three months follow-up. Analyses of the data collected from the participants will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in group setting with children for reducing traumatic symptoms and developing new resources to handle problems. In this study the effectiveness of EMDR is examined according to the difference between the ages of children, and the level of exposure (witnessing, watching on TV etc.) to the traumatic event.
Keywords: Acute Stress Children Group Therapy Symposium Terrorism Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
226. Istanbul Metropole Municipality. (2009, June). The EMDR integrated group treatment with child victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In A. de Jongh (Chair), PTSD research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Bombing Istanbul Postttraumatic Dtress Disorder PTSD Research Symposium Terrorists
Accuracy Verified: Yes
227. Jarero, I., & Artigas, L. (2010). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with adults during ongoing geopolitical crisis. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), 148-155. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.4.148.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP) has been used in its original format or with adaptations to meet the circumstances in numerous settings around the world for thousands of disaster survivors after natural or man-made incidents. In this study, the EMDR-IGTP was applied during three consecutive days to a group of 20 adults during ongoing geopolitical crisis in a Central American country in 2009. Results in this uncontrolled study showed significant decreases in scores on the Subjective Unit of Disturbance Scale and the Impact of Event Scale (IES). Changes on the IES were maintained at 14 weeks follow-up even though participants were still exposed to ongoing crisis. Controlled research is recommended to further evaluate the efficacy of this intervention.
Keywords: Group Treatment Human Provoked Disaster Geopolitical Crisis Posttraumatic Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
228. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., Montero, M., & Lopez-Lena, L. (2008). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with child victims of a mass disaster. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 97-105. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.97.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment protocol (EMDR-IGTP) has been used in different parts of the world since 1998 with both adults and children after natural or man-made disasters. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model, thus providing more extensive reach than the individual application of EMDR. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 16 bereaved children after a human provoked disaster in the Mexican State of Coahuila in 2006. Results showed a significant decrease in scores on the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale that was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Although controlled research is needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention, preliminary results suggest that EMDR-IGTP may be an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale critical incidents (e.g., human-provoked disasters, terrorism, natural disasters. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Children Death of Parent Explosions Females Group Psychotherapy Group Treatment Human-Provoked Disaster Industrial Accidents Latin American Males Mexicans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors School Age Children Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
229. Jarero, I., & Artigas, L. (2012). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: EMDR group treatment for early intervention following critical incidents. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 219-222. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.04.004.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Introduction: This paper presents an overview of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing – Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP) that has been used since 1998 with both children and adults in its original format or with adaptations to meet the circumstances in numerous settings around the world for thousands of survivors of natural or man-made disasters and during ongoing geopolitical crisis. Method: The author's intention is to highlight and enlightened the reader of the existence of this protocol that combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model and an art therapy format and use the Butterfly Hug as a form of a self-administered bilateral stimulation, thus providing more extensive reach than the individual EMDR application. Conclusion: Randomize Controlled Trial Research is suggested to establish the efficacy of this intervention.
Keywords: Critical Incident Group Treatment Integrative Group Treatment Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
230. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Hartung, J. (2006). EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: A postdisaster trauma intervention for children and adults. Traumatology, 12(2), 121-129. doi: 10.1177/1534765606294561.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is recognized as an effective and efficient treatment for trauma-related issues. This article describes an integrated EMDR and group treatment for children and adults traumatized by natural disasters in several Latin American countries. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model. The hypothesis is that the resulting hybrid offers more extensive reach than did the original EMDR model, which was intended for use with individuals, and takes treatment efficacy and efficiency well beyond that expected from traditional group process. To illustrate the application of the model, one formally measured field study and nine pilot projects are described. The promising results of this intervention suggest that EMDR is an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale traumatic events (e.g., natural disasters). Controlled research is needed to clarify this issue.
Keywords: Children Latin America Natural Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
231. Pozzi, M. A. (2008, Novembre). EMDR nel supporto psico-sociale de Erba [EMDR in the psycho-social support de Grass]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Il CRSP (centro di ricerche e studi in psicotraumatologia) sede di Erba, operativo già da alcuni anni sul territorio , si è trovato ad intervenire, nell'emergenza all'evento critico avvenuto ad Erba (Co) l'11 dicembre 2006 ( tristemente noto come “Strage di Erba”) . Si è lavorato in un complesso intervento di Psicologia dell'Emergenza. Questo ha visto applicati i criteri e le azioni derivanti dal modello teorico del Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) di George S. Everly e Jeffrey T. Mitchell (1983). Secondo questi criteri viene individuata una vittima di secondo tipo, una bimba di 8 anni (amica degli aggressori) seguita in psicoterapia individuale per PTSD ad un mese dall'evento, con EMDR. Questo è il tema principale della relazione. Riteniamo inoltre, di poter contribuire nell'esplicitare il nostro operato, di quanto sia possibile intervenire in un evento critico , sensibilizzando gli amministratori comunali, gli operatori del soccorso e la popolazione sull’importanza e utilità dell’intervento psicologico nei contesti d’emergenza. Attivando una capillarità dell’intervento stesso: più destinatari, più metodologie usate e flessibilità , con un lavoro di rete sul territorio. Ed infine con interventi efficaci sul PTSD quali il trattamento con EMDR.

The CRSP (center for research and studies in psychotraumatology) when Grass, operating for some years in the area, was found to intervene in emergency critical event occurred in Erba (CO) December 11, 2006 (notorious as "Massacre of Erba"). He worked in a complex intervention of Emergency Psychology. This has since applied the criteria and actions arising from the theoretical model of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM), George S. Everly and Jeffrey T. Mitchell (1983). According to these criteria, identified the victim of a second type, a child of 8 years (friend of the attackers) followed in individual psychotherapy for PTSD one month after the event, with EMDR. This is the main theme of the report. We also can help make explicit what we are doing what is possible to intervene in a critical event, sensitizing the community leaders, emergency workers and people on the importance and utility of psychological intervention in emergency situations. Activating a capillary of the action: multiple recipients, more flexibility and methodologies used, with a working network in the area. And finally with PTSD on effective interventions such as treatment with EMDR.
Keywords: CISM Critical Incident Stress Management Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
232. Zampieri, M. A. J. (2012, Novembro). EMDR no espaço pessoal and relacional [EMDR within personal and relational]. In EMDR e visão sistêmica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Proposta focalizando conceitos do EMDR, Teoria de Papéis e da Teoria Sistêmica de Terapia Familiar, de modo que o profissional já treinado (ainda que parcialmente em EMDR) possa trabalhar associando ao EMDR, situações inter e intrapsíquicas. Para tanto utilizar-se-á recursos propostos por Shapiro, Kaslow e Maxfield, e, recursos adicionais apresentados por MAJZampieri no I Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, acrescidos por novas experiências da proponente sobre EMDR no espaço pessoal e relacional.

Proposal focusing on concepts of EMDR, Theory Papers and the Theory of Systemic Family Therapy, so that the already trained professional (albeit partially in EMDR) EMDR can work linking to, inter and intra-psychic situations. To use both features will be proposed by Shapiro, Kaslow and Maxfield, and additional resources provided by the MAJZampieri I Brazilian Congress on EMDR, plus new experiences on EMDR proponent of personal and relational space.
Keywords: Family Therapy Family Therapy Intervention Combined Inter- and Intra-Psychic
Accuracy Verified: Yes
233. Purandare, M., Bhagwagar, H., & Tank, P. (2010, July). EMDR on children affected by the earthquake. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Efficacy of EMDR on Children Affected by Earthquake: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of EMDR as an intervention technique for trauma victims. A sample of 50 students, studying in 10th grade, age ranging from 14 to 16 years were selected. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to measure the intensity of trauma experienced. A pre-post test research design was used in the study. The results were in the predicted direction. EMDR was found to be effective in reducing avoidance, intrusion and hyper arousal as well as overall impact of trauma. “Group EMDR With Earthquake Survivors” The current study is an attempt to understand the impact of a specific traumatic events and its expression in children i.e. the earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, Western India in January 2001. This study was a part of the therapy work conducted with the survivors of the earthquake by the group of 40 practitioners from Mumbai and was over 4 months. The paper will present the following aspects: 1. The symptoms seen among the children depicting PTSD as per DSM IV criteria. Signs of Hyper-arousal, Avoidance and Intrusion were clearly seen especially in children 2. The process used. This was a modified version of the standard 8 phase protocol appropriate for use with group work. Butterfly hugs were used as BLS. Stages of EMDR for this group: 3. Observations and a few unique experiences These include blocking of trauma image, difficulty in safe place visualizing, difficulty in distancing and using creative techniques for soothing and relaxation. 4. Impact of the EMDR intervention with this group More than 16000 children from about 30 schools were seen. based on observations and reports by teachers during the follow up showed reduction in anxiety, reports of life resembling pre-earthquake, improved attention and concentration, better sleeping patterns and lowering of somatic complaints. Impact and expression of trauma in children exposed to the earthquake: The current study is an attempt to understand the impact of a specific traumatic event and its expression in children i.e. the earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, western India in January 2001. The Butterfly hug technique for bilateral stimulation was used following 8 steps of EMDR. Drawings of children were used as their expressions during different phases of EMDR. Drawings during “ Assessment phase” depicted feelings of insecurity, a sense of vacuum and emptiness, low energy levels, a desire for contact and help, feelings of guilt, poor body image, hypersensitivity was noticed almost universally and even during therapy. Drawings, following the processing and installation phases indicated the facial expression changed to a smile. Tears which were present in almost all drawings were not noted Positive cognitions were reflected in terms of the growth and freshness e.g. the newly growing grass. In spite of the various symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder, no gross disintegration of personality had been noted.
Keywords: Children Earthquake
Accuracy Verified: Yes
234. Hacker-Hughes, J., & Wesson, M. (2008, June). EMDR on the frontline: Early interventions during military operations. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Some of the earliest applications of EMDR were with military veterans (Shapiro 1995, Shapiro & Forrest 1997). EMDR is now widely used to treat UK military personnel suffering from combat related PTSD. This presentation will consider extending the use of EMDR as an early intervention during frontline operations. Research suggests the importance of early detection in PTSD (Lee et al 2005) and the benefits of early intervention (North 2001). Current practice is that UK personnel who are having significant difficulties in functioning after exposure to trauma are sent back to the UK for treatment after a brief period of watchful waiting. This is can be detrimental, both to the unit and individual (Shepard 2000, Solomon et al 2005). EMDR offers a potential solution to this problem. A case study will be presented of a soldier who was suffering significant post trauma symptoms whilst serving in Afghanistan. Through the successful use of EMDR in theatre just 2 weeks after the trigger event, he was able to resume his normal duties and hence avoid the negative effects of being returned to the UK for treatment. The use of EMDR as a frontline treatment has far reaching implications but currently there is little evidence for its use as an early intervention with military personnel (Russell 2006). Future research to evaluate this novel application of EMDR is planned. This presentation will introduce participants to the challenges of providing psychological treatment during military operations and the potential value of EMDR in this setting.
Keywords: Early Interventions Military
Accuracy Verified: Yes
235. Montes-Berges, B., Aranda, M., Castillo-Mayén, M. del R. (2011). EMDR Para el tratamiento de estrés postraumático en casos de violencia de género [EMDR for treatment of PTSD in cases of domestic violence]. Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Introducción: La violencia de género es uno de los problemas sociales más graves de nuestra sociedad tanto por su prevalencia (en el pasado año 2010 fueron asesinadas 74 mujeres, y se estima que alrededor del 11.1% de las mujeres andaluzas son maltratadas), como por las consecuencias psicológicas que conlleva en las víctimas. Objetivos: En el Gabinete de Psicología de la Universidad de Jaén, atendemos a las mujeres (alumnas, PAS o PDI o familiares de éstos) que han sido o aún son víctimas de violencia de género, con el objetivo prioritario de que superen las situaciones traumáticas y que estén preparadas emocional y cognitivamente para llevar una vida plena con el desarrollo máximo de sus capacidades. Durante la evaluación, entre otras escalas, las usuarias contestan al cuestionario sobre Síndrome de Estrés Postraumático (Echeburúa, Corral, Amor, Zubizarreta y Sarasúa, 1997), pues los episodios de violencia psicológica, sexual y física extrema que la mayoría de ellas viven, ocasionan en el 100% de los casos este síndrome de manera crónica y acusada. Metodología: Para tratar este síndrome se acomete el entrenamiento en técnicas de respiración y relajación y posteriormente el tratamiento con EMDR. Esta técnica consiste en el procesamiento de los sucesos que quedaron bloqueados por el miedo sentido en el momento en que ocurrieron, mediante la movilización de los ojos de manera simultánea a la escucha del episodio, tratando nuevamente de revivirlo. Aplicamos esta técnica con 5 pacientes. Resultados: En todos los casos las usuarias superaban la situación en 4 o 5 sesiones de 5 minutos cada una, de manera que posteriormente, informaron de que la situación ya no les producía tristeza ni dolor, y que la habían aceptado. Discusión: Estos resultados sugieren que esta técnica es eficaz y rápida en la intervención de sucesos traumáticos de violencia de género, por lo que resulta altamente recomendable para estos casos.

Introduction: Gender violence is one of the most serious social problems our society because of its prevalence (in the past year 2010 were killed 74 women, and it is estimated that about 11.1% of women are battered Andalusian), as for the psychological consequences on the victims involved. Objectives: In the Cabinet of Psychology, University of Jaén, we look at women (students, PAS or PDI or their relatives) who have been or still are victims of domestic violence, with priority objective of exceeding trauma and who are prepared emotionally and cognitively to lead a full life with the maximum development of their capabilities. During the assessment, including scales, users answer the questionnaire on PTSD (Echeburúa, Corral, Love, Zubizarreta and Sarasua, 1997), because episodes of psychological, physical and sexual extreme than most living, result in 100% of cases this syndrome chronically and charged. Methodology: To treat this syndrome is undertaken the training in breathing and relaxation techniques and subsequent treatment with EMDR. This technique consists in processing events that were blocked sense of fear at the time they occurred, by mobilizing the eyes simultaneously listening to the episode, trying to revive him again. We apply this technique in 5 patients. Results: In all cases the user exceeded the 4 or 5 position in 5-minute sessions each, so that subsequently reported that the situation no longer produce sadness or pain, and that the had accepted. Discussion: These results suggest that this technique is effective and fast intervention in the traumatic events of violence, so it is highly recommended for these cases.
Keywords: Domestic Violence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
236. Maccarrone, B., & De Divitiis, A. M. (2008, Novembre). EMDR per eventi recenti - Un modello e un nuovo protocollo [EMDR to recent events - a model and a new]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Il ricordo di un trauma recente differisce da quello di un trauma avvenuto in un passato più distante, poiché è ancora frammentato e disorganizzato e quindi non si è ancora integrato all’interno di un evento coerente, pertanto potrebbe non essere ancora generalizzato e rappresentato da un’immagine. Questo è il motivo per cui per il trattamento terapeutico di eventi traumatici avvenuti da alcune settimane, o forse anche da pochi mesi, sarà necessario ricorrere ad un protocollo specifico che pur preservando l’integrità delle 8 fasi del protocollo EMDR standard, sia in grado di approcciare l’evento all’interno di un resoconto. In questo lavoro verrà descritto un protocollo, elaborato da Elan Shapiro e Brurit Laub per il trattamento dell’Episodio Traumatico Recente ( Recent Traumatic Episodi Protocol ; R-TEP), il quale approccia l’evento in termini di episodio intero (definito come il periodo che va dall’evento traumatico ad oggi) ed introduce una strategia per la scelta del target, da loro denominata “Google Search”. L’ipotesi è che l’assimilazione e l’integrazione dell’informazione traumatica avvenga ristabilendo la regolazione adattiva dell’attenzione; le relazioni parte/tutto si muovono attraverso catene associative nella direzione della differenziazione e integrazione puntando al completamento, nel senso dell’integrazione armonica delle esperienze negative e positive. L’elaborazione si muove da un ristretto focus sull’immagine (livello percettivo), ad un più ampio focus sull’evento /episodio (livello esperienziale), sino ad un focus esteso riferito al tema/identità (livello di significato). Il completamento dell’elaborazione di un trauma recente potrà prevenire lo sviluppo di un PTSD, ristabilendo l’Elaborazione Adattiva dell’Informazione (AIP).

The memory of a recent trauma differs from that of a trauma occurred in a past more distant it is still fragmented and disorganized and therefore not yet integrated in a event consistent, so it may not yet be generalized and represented by an image. That is why for the treatment of traumatic events that occurred some weeks, or maybe even a few months, you must use a specific protocol that even preserving the integrity of the 8 phases of EMDR standard protocol, is able to approach the event within a report.
In this paper we describe a protocol, developed by Elan Shapiro and Laub Brurit for Traumatic handling of the episode recently (Traumatic Recent Episodes Protocol, R-TEP) which approaches the event in terms of the whole episode (defined as the period from event traumatic present) and introduces a strategy for choosing the target, which they called "Google Search. The hypothesis is that the assimilation and integration of information occurs traumatic adaptive re-establishing control of attention, relations part/whole move through associative chains in the direction of differentiation and integration aiming at completion, harmonious integration in the sense of positive and negative experiences. Processing moves by a narrow focus on the image (perceptual level), to a broader focus on the event/episode (experiential level), up to an expanded focus refers to theme / identity (level of meaning).
Completing the development of a recent trauma may prevent the development of PTSD, restoring the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP).
Keywords: Recent Events Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
237. Lendl, J., & Foster, S. (2009). EMDR performance and enhancement psychology protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 377-396). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The EMDR Performance Enhancement Psychology Protocol (EMDR-PEP) addresses performance anxiety, self-defeating beliefs, behavioral inhibition, posttraumatic stress, and psychological recovery from injury for creative and performing artists, workplace employees, and athletes. The EMDR-PEP can be very useful with everyday nonpathological complaints such as procrastination, fear of failure, setbacks, and life transitions. Note: Clinicians, working with athletes require rigorous training in Sport Psychology and Sociology of Professional Sport. The EMDR-PEP encompasses a full spectrum viewpoint (body, mind, and spirit) regarding optimal functioning at work and in life. This perspective inspires clients to identify their strengths as well as areas to improve and to prioritize their work accordingly. The EMDR-PEP approach draws upon Maslow's (1971) Human Potential Movement and Positive Psychology (Amen, 2002; Buss, 2000; Csikzentmihalyi, 1990; Seligman, 1998; Taylor, Kemeny, Reed, Bower, & Gruenwald, 2000), as well as Sport Psychology Research and Principles (levleva & Orlick, 1991; Kohl, Ellis, & Roenkerm, 1992; Mamassis & Doganis, 2004; Martin, Moritz, & Hall, 1999; Nideffer, 1976; Short & Short, 2005; Simons, 2000; Unestahl, 1982), and Health Psychology (Graham, 1995; Levine, 1991; Simonton & Creighton, 1982; Whiting & den Brinker, 1982). The first single subject series (Foster & Lendl, 1996) reported promising findings with four diverse work-related situations and was republished in APA's seminal coaching papers in Consulting Psychology, The Wisdom of Coaching (Foster & Lendl, 2007). Reduced anxiety and increased self-confidence were reported for mature performing artists launching an existing repertoire into a new arena (Foster, 2000) and in a controlled study of master swimmers (Linebarger, 2005). Note: The Linebarger study included the Brief Intervention Focusing Protocol; the paper does not include inner advisor and mental room. Special attention is given to performance elements such as ability, focus, and motivation. The EMDR Performance Enhancement Psychology protocol Forms and Script are included. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Performance Enhancement Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
238. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Luber, M. (2011). The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Application in a disaster mental health continuum of care context. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 82-94. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.82.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This randomized, controlled group field study was conducted subsequent to a 7.2 earthquake in North Baja California, Mexico. Treatment was provided according to continuum of care principles. Crisis management debriefing was provided to 53 individuals. After this, the 18 individuals who had high scores on the Impact of Event Scale (IES) were then provided with the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents (EMDR-PRECI), a single-session modified EMDR protocol for the treatment of recent trauma. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: immediate treatment group and waitlist/delayed treatment group. There was no improvement in the waitlist/ delayed treatment group, and scores of the immediate treatment group participants were significantly improved, compared with waitlist/delayed treatment group paticipants. One session of EMDR-PRECI produced significant improvement on symptoms of posttraumatic stress for both the immediate-treatment and waitlist/delayed treatment groups, with results maintained at 12-week follow-up, even though frightening aftershocks continued to occur frequently. This study provides preliminary evidence in support of the protocol's efficacy in a disaster mental health continuum of care context. More controlled research is recommended to evaluate further the efficacy of this intervention.
Keywords: Critical Incidents Disaster Mental Health Early EMDR Intervention Natural Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Recent Events
Accuracy Verified: Yes
239. Jarero, I., & Uribe, S. (2012). The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Follow-up report of an application in a human massacre situation. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 50-61. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.50.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reports the follow-up results of our field study (Jarero & Uribe, 2011) that investigated the application of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents (EMDR-PRECI) in a human massacre situation. A single individual session was provided to 32 forensic personnel of the State Attorney General in the Mexican state of Durango who were working with 258 bodies recovered from clandestine graves. Pre-post results showed significant improvement for both immediate treatment and waitlist/delayed treatment groups on the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and Short PTSD Rating Interview (SPRINT). In this study, we report the follow-up assessment, which was conducted, at 3 and 5 months posttreatment. Follow-up scores showed that the original treatment results were maintained, with a further significant reduction of self-reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress and PTSD between posttreatment and follow-up. During the follow-up period, the employees continued to work with the recovered corpses and were continually exposed to horrific emotional stressors, with ongoing threats to their own safety. This suggests that EMDR-PRECI was an effective early intervention, reducing traumatic stress for a group of traumatized adults continuing to work under extreme stressors in a human massacre situation. It appears that the treatment may have helped to prevent the development of chronic PTSD and to increase psychological and emotional resilience.
Keywords: Human Massacre PRECI Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents PTSD Recent Events
Accuracy Verified: Yes
240. Dunne, T. (2011, March). EMDR therapists integrating EMDR into their clinical practice. Presentation at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This research project investigated how EMDR Therapists integrated EMDR into their clinical practice post-training and what, if any, difficulties they experienced. A total of 74 respondents completed a questionnaire and 9 respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured interview, giving a total of 83 respondents. 40% of both samples (which came from around the world) reported experiencing difficulties with integrating EMDR into their clinical practice. The types of difficulties which they reported included differences between EMDR protocol and the therapists’ original training and orientation, patient characteristics, therapists’ own anxieties and confidence as well as organizational and management hostility to EMDR up to and including bullying of the therapist in different ways including “being sent to Coventry”. These organization & management issues are not covered in the current training model for EMDR and whilst supervision is necessary post training, it is not be sufficient to address the organizational issues relating to integration of EMDR into clinical practice. This will be highlighted in the presentation.
Keywords: Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
241. Silver, S. M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005, February). EMDR therapy following the 9/11 terrorist attacks: A community-based intervention project in New York City. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 29-42. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.12.1.29.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article presents the results of a time-limited psychological relief effort using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) following the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Clients made highly significant positive gains on a range of outcome variables, including validated psychometrics and self-report scales. Analyses of the data suggest 2 broad conclusions: EMDR is a useful treatment intervention both in the immediate aftermath of disaster as well as later; the longer treatment is delayed, the greater the level of disturbance experienced by clients. Also discussed are problems in conducting research during mass disaster response situations. A demonstration of an analog to a wait-list control group is provided. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: 9/11 Americans Crisis Intervention Empirical Study Quantitative Study September 11 Survivors Terrorism Terrorist Attacks Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
242. Bossini, L., Tavanti, M., Calossi, S., Polizzotto, N. R., Vatti, G., Marino, D., & Castrogiovanni, P. (2011, Spring). EMDR treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder, with focus on hippocampal volumes: A pilot study. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 23(2), E1-E2. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.23.2.E1.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Recent studies have suggested that hippocampal neurogenesis may be stimulated by successful treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), either by drugs1–4 or by behavioral interventions. 5 Three investigations have evaluated the effects of pharmacotherapies and have suggested that antidepressant treatments may increase hippocampal volume.1–3 Lindauer and colleagues. 6 examined the effects of a psychotherapy intervention, the Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy, on hippocampal volumes and observed no changes on hippocampal volumes upon amelioration of PTSD symptoms. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Hippocamal Volumes Letter Pilot Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
243. Korn, D. (2010, April). EMDR treatment in adults with a history of incest and neglect. Developmental deficits and restore the damaged self. Presentation at the 4th EMDR Association Netherlands Conference, Nijmegen, The Nederlands.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will address the integration of EMDR into an overall treatment plan for adult incest and neglect in childhood have experienced. The workshop is a deepening of the keynote of the conference. The methodology will be explained in detail and will be illustrated with video presentations and discussion of case studies. Initially, explains how the development and bonding needs of the client can be investigated and how a meaningful descriptive diagnosis can be developed into an integrated, logical plan of treatment. In this group of clients, where there is limited affect tolerance, vulnerability to hyper-and hypoarousal and dissociative characteristics, the standard EMDR protocol to be adapted to specific strategies. As will be discussed in detail. Also, much attention is paid to the integration of EMDR specific techniques, such as various ego-enhancing protocols and resource installation (RDI) in all phases of treatment. Will also discuss techniques that help clients to their dysfunctional defense mechanisms to let go, so changing schedules with their distinctive core ideas and possible kernaffecten Participants in this workshop will learn to pathogenic emotional states (such as shame, despair, unbearable loneliness feelings), and fears "blocking beliefs", ego-state conflicts to recognize that the most effective and interweaves resource options can be applied. Moreover, through strategies for recovery, such as clarifying responsibilities, establishing security and choice, and the process of mourning, desire and anger are discussed.
Keywords: Adults Developmental Deficits Incest
Accuracy Verified: Yes
244. de Roos, C., & de Jongh, A. (2008). EMDR treatment of children and adolescents with a choking phobia. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 201-211. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.201.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Given the limited number of reported cases in literature, it might be concluded that it is rare to develop a choking phobia in childhood. However, it appears as though confusion in terminology and the time lapse between the onset of the disorder and treatment often results in the diagnosis being missed. In this article, we discuss a review of the clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, etiology, and treatment options for choking phobia. We present a case series, describing the successful EMDR treatment of choking phobia for 4 children and adolescents, with positive outcomes achieved in 1 or 2 sessions. In addition, a detailed transcript is presented of a 15-year-old girl with a choking phobia related to an incident that occurred 5 years previously. The rapid elimination of symptoms in all 4 cases indicates that EMDR can be an effective treatment for choking phobias resulting from previous disturbing events. Randomized research on this promising intervention is strongly suggested.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Choking Phobia Specific Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
245. Tormey, M. E. (2003, May). EMDR treatment of children and adolescents with school refusal in the outpatient setting: The role of trauma resolution, imaginal exposure and in vivo desensitization and reprocessing resulting in student reintegration to the classroom. In EMDR with children and adolescents. Symposium conducted at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
School refusal behavior is defined as a child-motivated refusal to attend school, or difficulties remaining in school for the entire day. As a heterogeneous condition, it can encompass aspects of phobic-type responses or separation anxiety disorder. This condition interferes with the child’s development as it impacts upon academic performance, family and peer relationships in the short-term realm. Long-term effects may include fewer employment and educational opportunities, as well as the development of psychiatric sequelae. This presentation will describe the use of EMDR as a comprehensive treatment for the child or adolescent with school refusal. Case presentations will describe assessment of the problem, with treatment of targets in the individual child or as part of a family systems intervention. Highlights will be placed on the rapid resolution of school refusal behaviors through the processing of traumatic incidents, versus those conditions requiring a more extended and extensive treatment program. The creative implementation of in vivo EMDR will be described in the successful classroom reintegration of two students [Author abstract]
Keywords: Adolescents Children Imaginal Exposure, In Vivo Desentization, Outpatient Setting School Refusal Student Reintegration Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
246. Shapiro, E. (2009). EMDR treatment of recent trauma. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 141-151. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.141 .

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Although eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated efficacy in treating chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and old trauma memories, EMDR treatment of recent traumatic events has not received adequate attention from EMDR researchers or clinicians. This article presents current thinking and findings about early psychological intervention following recent traumatic events and examines the status of early EMDR intervention (EEI) concepts and research. It is contended that this area has not developed sufficient awareness and definition among EMDR clinicians. Francine Shapiro's theoretical adaptive information-processing model predicts that dysfunctionally stored trauma memories underlie many current psychological disorders. Consequently, the assumption that memories of a recent traumatic event and its sequelae are not fully consolidated offers a unique role for EEI not only in reducing acute distress but also in preventing the sensitization and accumulation of trauma memories. A call is made for a more comprehensive approach to the field of EEI to promote interest and awareness among EMDR practitioners and to generate research.
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Early EMDR Intervention Early Psychological Intervention EEI Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention of PTSD Recent Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
247. Korn, D. L. (2008, May). EMDR treatment with survivors of chronic abuse and neglect: Repairing developmental deficits and shattered selves - [Utilisation d’EMDR dans le traitement des survivants d’abus ou négligence chroniques: Réparer les déficits développementaux et les sois éclatés]. Presentation at an annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montréal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Cet atelier d’une journée met l’accent sur l’intégration de l’EMDR à l’intérieur d’un plan thérapeutique. Nous aborderons l’utilisation d’EMDR pour traiter le Stress post-traumatique complexe, de même que d’autres syndromes cliniques d’origine traumatique, tels que le Trouble de personnalité limite et les Troubles dissociatifs. Des modifications et/ou additions au protocole EMDR seront proposées afin de tenir compte des capacités limitées à tolérer les affects, des défenses rigides, de la sur-utilisation des stratégies d’évitement, des conflits entre les états du moi, des tendances à la dissociation ou des dérégulations émotionnelles importantes.

Nous aborderons l’évaluation des aspects développementaux et des besoins d’attachement du client, l’établissement d’une bonne compréhension de la situation clinique et le développement d’un plan de traitement intégré avec des objectifs atteignables et réalisables. On portera plus particulièrement notre attention sur l’intégration de l’EMDR comme moyen de renforcer l’Ego et le développement des ressources au cours des différentes étapes du traitement. This full-day workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into an overall recovery plan. The use of EMDR in treating complex PTSD as well as other trauma-related syndromes such as borderline personality disorder and dissociative disorders will be addressed. In recognition of clients’ limited affect tolerance, rigid defenses, overdeveloped avoidance patterns, ego state conflicts, dissociative tendencies, and extreme emotional dysregulation, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored. Assessing the developmental and attachment needs of the client, establishing a useful case conceptualization, and developing an integrated treatment plan with achievable goals will be discussed. Considerable attention will be devoted to integrating EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment.
Keywords: Complex PTSD Dissociative Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
248. Jacobs, S., Rackowitz, M., Strack, M., & de Jongh, A. (2009). EMDR und biofeedback in der behandlung der posttraumatischen belastungsstorung - Erweiterung der evaluation des neuropsychotherapeutischen behandlungsprogramms [EMDR and biofeedback in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder - extension of the evaluation of the neuropsychological treatment program]. In S. Jacobs, (Hrsg.), Neurowissenschaften und Traumatherapie. Grundlagen und Behandlungskonzepte [Neurosciences and Trauma Therapy, Bases and treatment approaches] (pp. 51-81). Göttingen: Universitätsverlag.

Language: German
Format: Book Section
Abstract: In the year (2007) the manual of the neuropsychotherapeutic intervention program EMDR and biofeedback in the therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder by Jacobs and de Jong was published. The therapeutic concept based on new neuroscienctific findings, which declare a dissociation of implicit and explicit traumamemory as one reason for emergence a PTSD. On this background the treatment program integrates selective modules. The allocation of information carried out by an educational movie for patients, specific cognitive-behavioural intervention techniques, which are supplemented by biofeedback-supported Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). During the treatment the skin conductance (electrodermal activity), which is a stress parameter, is mesured. This program was already evaluated in the pilot-study. The patient pool could be enlarged, so that 28 patients were available for the evaluation. Additionally the educational movie was examined on efficiency. The total feedback was positive. After therapy-end the PTSD-symptomatology decreased consistently (demp=2.48), as well as the psychological stress in another problem areas (demp=1.30). Moreover the EMDR-method achieved objective a significant decrease of the autonomic arousal (demp=.79) and subjective an explicit reduction of the felt stress (demp=2.40), while growth of the coherence of a worked out positive cognition (demp=2.52). Three- and 12-month follow-up analysis could demonstrate the stability and sustainability of the changes. The intervention program EMDR and biofeedback was also proved to be efficient ( 19 sessions) and effective (demp=1.39) in the enlarged sample, with high
Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
249. Jacobs, A. & de-Jongh, S. (2007). EMDR und biofeedback in der behandlung von posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen: Ein neuropsychotherapeutisches behandlungsprogramm [EMDR and biofeedback in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders]. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe. ISBN: 9783801720391.

Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract:
Das Manual stellt ein neu entwickeltes, multimodales neuropsychotherapeutisches Therapieprogramm zur Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTB) vor. Ausgehend von neueren Befunden aus den Neurowissenschaften, die darauf hinweisen, dass eine Dissoziation zwischen implizitem und explizitem Traumagedächtnis die wesentliche Grundlage der PTB darstellt, wurden verschiedene Module in das Behandlungsprogramm integriert. Dazu gehören spezielle kognitiv-behaviorale Interventionstechniken, Biofeedback-gestütztes Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) sowie die gezielte Bereitstellung von Informationen über die Störungszusammenhänge für den Patienten. Mittels Biofeedback wird die elektrodermale Aktivität der Patienten während der EMDR-Sitzungen als Indikator für die autonome Erregung aufgezeichnet. Die bei der Traumaexposition implizit ablaufenden Prozesse werden somit an Therapeut und Patient zurückgemeldet. Dadurch ist es möglich, zu kontrollieren, ob das Ausmaß der autonomen Erregung soweit gesenkt werden konnte, dass eine erfolgreiche Verarbeitung und Abspeicherung der traumatischen Erinnerungen im expliziten Gedächtnissystem möglich wird. Studien belegen die Wirksamkeit des Programms. So zeigen Ergebnisse eine deutliche Reduktion der PTB Symptomatik sowie eine starke Abnahme der autonomen Erregung und der subjektiven Belastung.

The manual presents a newly developed multi-modal neuropsychotherapeutisches therapy program for treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD before). Based on recent findings from the neurosciences that suggest that a dissociation between implicit and explicit memory of trauma is the main basis of the PTB, different modules were integrated into the treatment program. These include specific cognitive-behavioral intervention techniques, biofeedback-assisted Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the targeted provision of information about the disorder correlations for the patient. Biofeedback is recorded, the electrodermal activity of patients during the EMDR sessions as an indicator of autonomic arousal. The case of trauma exposure implicit processes involved are therefore reported to the therapist and patient. This makes it possible to check whether the degree of autonomic arousal could be lowered so far that a successful processing and storage of traumatic memories is possible in the explicit memory system. Studies show the effectiveness of the program. Results nevertheless show a significant reduction of symptoms and PTB a strong decrease of the autonomous arousal and subjective burden.
Keywords: Biofeedback Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
250. Jacobs, S., & Strack, M. (2007, Mai). EMDR und biofeedback in der therapie posttraumatischer belastungsstörungen. Evaluation eines neuropsychotherapeutischen [EMDR and biofeedback therapy in post-traumatic stress disorder. Evaluation of a neuropsychology treatment program]. Symposium at the (R. Keller, Chair) Workshoptagung der European Society für traumatische Stress Studies (EWOTS), Hamburg, Deutschland.

Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Evaluiert wurde ein neu entwickeltes multimodales, neuropsychotherapeutisches Programm zur Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTB). Ausgehend von neueren Befunden aus den Neurowissenschaften, die darauf hinweisen, dass eine Dissoziation zwischen implizitem und explizitem Traumagedächtnis die wesentliche Grundlage der PTB darstellt, wurden verschiedene Module in das Behandlungsprogramm integriert. Dazu gehören neben der gezielten Bereitstellung von Informationen über die Störungszusammenhänge, ein Patientenedukationsfilm, spezielle kognitiv-behaviorale Interventionstechniken sowie Biofeedback gestütztes Eye Movement Desentization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Ziel der Anwendung des Biofeedback im Rahmen der EMDR-Sitzungen ist es zum einen, den PatientInnen implizite Prozesse während der Traumaexposition zurückzumelden, zum anderen wird anhand der Biofeedback-Aufzeichnung das Ausmaß der Übereinstimmung zwischen subjektivem Belastungsgrad durch die traumatische Erinnerung (SUD-Rating) und physiologisch messbarer Erregung überprüft. Als physiologischer Parameter wurde die elektrodermale Aktivität (Hautleitwert, EDA) erhoben.

Was evaluated a newly developed multi-modal, neuro psychotherapeutic Program for the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Starting by recent findings from neuroscience, the point out that a dissociation between implicit Trauma and explicit memory the essential PTB is based on, were different modules integrated into the treatment program. These include next targeted provision of information on the disorder correlations, a Patientenedukationsfilm, specific cognitive-behavioral intervention techniques and biofeedback-assisted Eye Movement Desentization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The aim of the application of Biofeedback in the EMDR sessions is to one, the patients implicit processes during the Trauma exposure report back, on the other hand on the basis of biofeedback recording the extent of Agreement between subjective stress level by the traumatic memory (SUD rating) and measurable physiological arousal reviewed. As a physiological Parameters, the electrodermal activity (skin conductance, EDA) raised.
Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
251. Jacobs, S., de Jong, A., & Strack, M. (2007). EMDR und biofeedback in der therapie posttraumatischer belastungsstörungen: Evaluation eines neuropsychotherapeutischen behandlungsprogramms [EMDR and biofeedback in the therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluation of a neuropsychotherapeutic intervention]. Verhaltenstherapie & Psychosoziale Praxis: VPP, 39(4), 855-876.

Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eine neu entwickelte multimodale, neuropsychotherapeutic Programm für die Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) wurde ausgewertet. Ausgehend von neueren Erkenntnissen in der Forschung neuroscienctific, so dass eine Dissoziation zwischen impliziter und expliziter Trauma-Speicher die wichtigste Grundlage der PTBS ist, verschiedene Module wurden im Rahmen der Behandlung integriert anzuzeigen. Die vereinigten Komponenten sind: spezifische Hintergrundinformationen über die Unordnung und typische PTSD-Symptome, eine pädagogische Film für Patienten, spezifische kognitive Verhaltenstherapie und Biofeedback-Techniken unterstützte Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Das Ziel der Biofeedback-Sitzungen während EMDR ist es, den Patienten eine direkte Rückmeldung über die implizite Prozesse während der Trauma-Exposition. Darüber hinaus Erfassung der physiologischen Daten über Biofeedback ermöglicht das Testen, ob es eine Korrelation zwischen dem Grad der subjektiven Belastung durch traumatische Erinnerungen ausgelöst (quantifiziert mit der SUD-Skala), und messbare physiologische Erregung. Elektrodermale Aktivität (EDA; Hautleitfähigkeit) wurde als eine physiologische Parameter gemessen. Die Ergebnisse einer durchgeführten Pilot-Studie (16 Patienten auf der Grundlage, mit einem wartenden Gruppe als Kontrollgruppe) zeigen verschiedene EDA-Muster während EMDR-desensitivation (fad und assoziative Wiederaufbereitung). Ein offensichtlich Reduktion der PTBS-Symptome gefunden (d = 2,27) sein, die stärker ist als in anderen Behandlungen. Die traumatischen Erinnerungen mit EMDR behandelt wurde weniger Anstrengung, die ebenfalls reflektiert in der Physiologie (verminderte autonome Erregung) und in der subjektiven Belastung fühlte sich durch die Patienten. Die Kürzungen der Erregung (d = 1,01) und subjektive Belastung (d = 2,55) zeigen, dass eine effektive Hemmung der Aktivierung der Amygdala-und damit der Angstreaktion selbst-aufgrund der Intervention geschaffen. Mit EMDR reduziert die Amygdala physiologische Erregung. Wir vermuten, dass aus diesem Grund den medialen präfrontalen Kortex und im Hippocampus kann eine kortikale Inhibition, die erfolgreich reduziert die Angst-Reaktion (Grawe, 2004) zu etablieren. Die berichteten Ergebnisse wurden durch einen dreimonatigen Follow-up-Bewertung bestätigt. Mit einer durchschnittlichen Dauer von 16 Sitzungen und einer nicht vorhandenen Drop-out-Rate (0%), die Intervention erwiesen sich ebenfalls als sehr effizient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, alle Rechte vorbehalten)

A newly developed multimodal, neuropsychotherapeutic program for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated. Starting from recent findings in the neuroscienctific research, which indicate that a dissociation between implicit and explicit trauma-memory is the main basis of PTSD, different modules were integrated within the treatment. The combined components are: specific background information regarding the disorder and typical PTSD-symptoms, an educational movie for patients, specific cognitive behavioral intervention techniques and biofeedback-supported Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The aim of using biofeedback during EMDR sessions is to give patients a direct feedback about the implicit processes during trauma-exposition. In addition, recording the physiological data via biofeedback allows testing if there is a correlation between the level of subjective strain, triggered by traumatic memories (quantified with the SUD-scale), and measurable physiological arousal. Electrodermal activity (EDA; skin conductance) was measured as a physiological parameter. The results of a conducted pilot-study (based on 16 patients, with a waiting group as a control group) show different EDA-patterns during EMDR-desensitivation (bland and associative reprocessing). An evident reduction of the PTSD-symptoms could be found (d = 2.27), which is stronger than in other treatments. The traumatic memories treated with EMDR became less straining, which reflects likewise in physiology (decreased autonomous arousal) and in the subjective strain felt by the patients. The reductions of arousal (d = 1.01) and subjective strain (d = 2.55) indicate that an effective inhibition of the amygdala activation—and thereby of the anxiety reaction itself—is created due to the intervention. Using EMDR reduces the amygdala induced physiological arousal. We suppose that for this reason the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus can establish a cortical inhibition, which successfully reduces the anxiety reaction (Grawe, 2004). The reported results were confirmed by a three month follow-up evaluation. With an average duration of 16 sessions and a non-existing drop-out rate (0%), the intervention also proved to be very efficient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Biofeedback PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
252. Saint Paul, N. V. (2001). EMDR und systemische familientherapie [EMDR and family systems therapy]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 2, 14-17.

Language: German
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Bei der gemeinsamen Betrachtung von EMDR mit familientherapeutischen Ansätzen fallen zunächst die Gegensätze auf. EMDR wird üblicherweise im Einzelsetting angewendet. Die Behandlung steht meist im Kontext von bestimmten Krankheitsdiagnosen (typischerweise von traumabedingten - aber auch anderen - Störungen). In der (systemischen) Familientherapie wird eine Diagnostizierung möglichst vermieden, Konzepte werden "verflüssigt", Symptome werden im Hinblick auf ihre Wirkung im (Familien-)System hin untersucht. Beispielsweise wird ein Patient als "Symptomträger" innerhalb der Familie bezeichnet. Man sucht also nach dem Sinn oder Nutzen, den die Symptomatik für die Familie hat. Insofern ist man recht weit davon entfernt, gezielte Interventionsmethoden zu suchen, mit denen dann der einzelne behandelt wird, um ein Symptom zu beseitigen. Allerdings wurde dies von den Begründern der Familientherapie keineswegs für ausgeschlossen erklärt (vgl. bspw. Stierlin et al. 1977, 16). EMDR ist dementsprechend in der familientherapeutischen Literatur und den einschlägigen Fachzeitschriften bisher so gut wie nicht zur Kenntnis genommen worden. Eine Ausnahme bildet The Family Therapy Networker im Jahr 1993, der dem Thema EMDR ein Special Feature widmet (vgl. Butler (1993) und O'Brien (1993)). Von Seiten der EMDR Praktizierenden gibt es durchaus Hinweise auf die Vereinbarkeit. Tinker & Wilson (2000, 229) verweisen auf die Nützlichkeit der Ergänzung der EMDR-Arbeit durch familientherapeutisches Vorgehen. Lempa (2000) beschreibt die Verbindung der EMDR-Einzelbehandlung mit familientherapeutischen Gesprächen innerhalb des stationären Settings und berichtet über positive Erfahrungen im Hinblick auf die Akzeptanz der Behandlung in den Familien. Ich halte die wechselseitige Betrachtung der Ansätze für sehr fruchtbar und möchte hier einige Gedanken und Erfahrungen dazu darstellen.

In the common view of EMDR with family therapy approaches, first fall to the opposition. EMDR is usually applied in individual settings. Treatment is usually in the context of specific disease diagnoses (typically from trauma-related - errors - but also others). In the (systemic) family therapy, a diagnosis will be avoided where possible, concepts will be "liquefied" symptoms in terms of their effect in the (family) system were investigated. For example, a patient is a "symptom carrier" within the family. Therefore, we look for the meaning or benefit that the symptoms for the family. In this respect it is quite far from seeking specific intervention methods by which the individual is then treated to remove a symptom. However, this was by the founders of family therapy not declared excluded (see, for example, Stierlin et al. 1977, 16). EMDR has been accordingly in the family therapy literature and the relevant journals previously taken almost no notice. The Family Therapy Networker an exception is in 1993, the subject of EMDR devotes a special feature (see Butler (1993) and O'Brien (1993)). Sides of the EMDR practitioner, there are indications of the compatibility. Tinker & Wilson (2000, 229) point to the usefulness of supplementing EMDR work with family therapeutic approach. Lempa (2000) describes the connection of individual EMDR treatment with family therapy calls within the inpatient setting and reported positive experiences with regard to the acceptance of the treatment in the home. I think the mutual inspection of approaches for very fruitful and would like to present some thoughts and experience to do so.
Keywords: Family Systems Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
253. Saint Paul, N. V. (2001). EMDR und systemische familientherapie [EMDR and systemic family therapy]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.

Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Bei der gemeinsamen Betrachtung von EMDR mit familientherapeutischen Ansätzen fallen zunächst die Gegensätze auf.
EMDR wird üblicherweise im Einzelsetting angewendet. Die Behandlung steht meist im Kontext von bestimmten Krankheitsdiagnosen (typischerweise von traumabedingten - aber auch anderen - Störungen).
In der (systemischen) Familientherapie wird eine Diagnostizierung möglichst vermieden, Konzepte werden "verflüssigt", Symptome werden im Hinblick auf ihre Wirkung im (Familien-)System hin untersucht. Beispielsweise wird ein Patient als "Symptomträger" innerhalb der Familie bezeichnet. Man sucht also nach dem Sinn oder Nutzen, den die Symptomatik für die Familie hat. Insofern ist man recht weit davon entfernt, gezielte Interventionsmethoden zu suchen, mit denen dann der einzelne behandelt wird, um ein Symptom zu beseitigen. Allerdings wurde dies von den Begründern der Familientherapie keineswegs für ausgeschlossen erklärt (vgl. bspw. Stierlin et al. 1977, 16).

In the common view of EMDR with family therapy approaches, first fall to the opposition.
EMDR is usually applied in individual settings. The treatment is usually in the context of specific disease diagnoses (typically from traumatic - but also others - problems).
In the (systemic) family therapy, a diagnosis will be avoided where possible, concepts will be "liquefied" symptoms are examined in terms of their effect in the (family) system down. For example, a patient as a "symptom carrier" means within the family. It therefore seeks for the meaning or benefit that the symptoms for the family. In this respect it is quite far away from seeking specific intervention methods by which the individual is then treated to remove a symptom. However, this was by the founders of family therapy does not declared excluded (see, for example, Stierlin et al. 1977, 16).
Keywords: Systemic Family Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
254. Yuksek, H., Ozgun, S., & Eke, I. (2009, Mart). EMDR ve stratejik aile terapisi'nin entegre kullanimi [Integrated use of strategic family therapy and EMDR]. Presentation at the Ulusal Aile ve Evlilik Terapileri Kongresi [National Family and Marriage Therapy Congress], İstanbul, Turkey.

Language: Turkish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Bu çalısma grubunda Göz Hareketleriyle Sistematik Duyarsızlastırma ve Yeniden Đsleme (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing-EMDR) ve Stratejik Aile terapisinin entegre kullanımı ile ilgili örnekler katılımcılarla paylasılacaktır. Öncelikle EMDR terapisinin kısa bir açılımı yapılacak ve sonrasında, sunum sahipleri, her iki terapinin efektif ortak kullanımı ile ilgili vak’a örneklerini katılımcılarla paylasacaktır.

In this workshop, examples of the integrated practice of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the Strategic Family Therapy will be shared with the audience. First, the EMDR Therapy will be introduced, and then the presenters will demonstrate case examples in which the two therapeutic approaches were effectively combined.
Keywords: Strategic Family Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
255. ter Heide, J. J. (2008, June). EMDR versus stabilisation in the treatment of traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: Preliminary results of a pilot RCT. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Conference, London, England UK.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Despite the high prevalence of PTSD in refugee populations, it is as yet unclear how to treat traumatised refugees and asylum seekers most effectively. Whilst EMDR is a treatment of choice for PTSD, it is considered good clinical practice to use a phased model of intervention with these patients. In this model, a stabilisation phase precedes EMDR. Many clinicians are reluctant to try EMDR with this population for fear of psychological decompensation. They tend to stick to stabilisation techniques. Centrum ’45 in the Netherlands is a national centre for mental health care, specialising in the treatment of victims of war and organised violence. In order to optimise the mental health care offered, the centre is conducting a pilot RCT to see which is more effective in the treatment of traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: eight sessions of EMDR or eight sessions of stabilisation. The study population consists of 20 adult patients who applied for treatment and who met the DSM-IV criteria of PTSD, excluding those who are suicidal, psychotic, (hypo) manic or who suffer from substance abuse or eating disorders. Patients are screened for participation using the SCID module PTSD and part of the MINI. Symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety, and quality of life are assessed at pre- and post-treatment and follow-up, using the HTQ, HSCL-25 and the WHOQOL-BREF. The pilot study is due to finish in October 2008. In this poster presentation, we present preliminary findings, including data from the pre- and post-treatment assessments.
Keywords: Asylum Seekers Poster Refugees
Accuracy Verified: Yes
256. de Roos, C., Greenwald, R., Noorthoorn, E., & de Jongh, A. (2004, November). EMDR vs. CBT for disaster-exposed children: A controlled study. Presentation at the 20th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In May 2000 a firework depot exploded in the city of Enschede (The Netherlands), leaving 22 people dead, 947 injured, more than 500 houses destroyed, and about 1500 houses significantly damaged. In total 4,163 people were affected, including many children and adolescents. Children with chronic posttraumatic stress reactions were referred for treatment to the Ambultant Mental Health Care team in Enschede. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the relative efficacy of EMDR versus a CBT approach for reducing children’s symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety and behavior problems. All participants treated from 2001 to 2003 were included. They received 4 sessions EMDR or 4 sessions CBT. Moreover, four sessions of parent guidance were included in both groups. The final N was 53 children (age 3-18). Assessment took place prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention and at 3 months follow-up. The main outcome measures were: UCLA PTSD Index (parent, child and adolescent version), Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the Parent Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (PROPS), the Problem Rating Scale (PRS), the Birleson Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASQ, anxiety). Also parent-reported psychosocial dysfunction and teacher-reported problems were assessed (Child Behavior Check List: parent form and teacher form and for children aged 11 and older: self report form). For the youngest group (0-6 years) the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) was included.
Keywords: CBT Children Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Controlled Study Disaster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
257. Zobel, M. (2010, June). EMDR with alcohol addicted patients with comorbid PTSD in a treatment facility for alcoholism - experiences, outcome, perspectives. In Addictions. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Patients with alcohol addiction often report sexual abuse and neglect in childhood and/or other traumatic events during lifetime. In addiction treatment facilities symptoms of PTSD are frequently not treated, because there is no sufficient method. which could be completed within the addiction treatment period? The lecture will inform about an ongoing scientific project dealing with the question, if EMDR is an intervention, which is equal or superior to common multimodal stabilizing interventions. The project is supported by the Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund. Patients with alcohol addiction and comorbid PTSD are divided into two groups: EMDR or multimodal therapy including stabilizing methods. Prevalence of PTSD-symptoms is measured before and after intervention and one year after treatment. Up to date nearly 90 Patients with alcohol addiction and PTSD have been treated. Data indicate, that both trauma treatments are effective but that EMDR leads to a significant larger decrease in trauma symptoms. The results of the one year after treatment evaluation are presented and discussed. Educational objectives: Addiction therapy in a treatment facility can be effectively combined with trauma therapy. EMDR is an effective method in the treatment of patients with alcohol addiction and comorbid PTSD. Most patients with alcohol addiction and PTSD show multiple trauma and need a prolonged period of treatment. What's new? There are only few studies in Germany, which have investigated the effects of EMDR in a sample of alcohol addicted patients. The presented study includes a follow up evaluation one year after treatment (currently in progress), which rarely is the case in research on EMDR-effectiveness.
Keywords: Alcoholism Treatment Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Comorbid PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
258. Hensel, T. (2009). EMDR with children and adolescents after single-incident trauma: An intervention study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 2-9. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.2.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study used a naturalistic design to investigate the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents who were exposed to single-incident trauma. Participants were 36 children and adolescents ranging in age from 1 year 9 months to 18 years 1 month who were referred consecutively to the author's private practice. Assessments were conducted at intake, post-waitlist/pretreatment, and at follow up. EMDR treatment resulted in significant improvement (Cohen's d = 1.87). Follow-ups after 6 months revealed stable, further slight improvement. It was shown that children younger than 4 years of age can be treated using EMDR and that the group of preschool children had the same benefit from the treatment as the school-age children.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Trauma Treatment Outcome
Accuracy Verified: Yes
259. Morris-Smith, J. (2001, May). EMDR with children exposed to chronic abuse and domestic violence. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper aims to discuss some of the issues of working using EMDR, as a part of the integrated treatment process of children, who have been exposed to chronic abuse and domestic violence. These children are all in the care system and are living with foster parents who know very little about their previous lives. Often the professionals caring for them also have little of the child's history and many details of what they have been exposed to are not known. The children are frequently detached, dissociated and shut down from their past experiences, though their traumatised behaviours continue to blight and dominate their entire lives and present major difficulties in their daily management and future planning. Their emotional and social development appears to be arrested by their chronic multiple traumatisation. They are also kept in transitional placements for long periods of time, whilst their long-term needs are assessed. There is a struggle to identify appropriate long-term placements for such damaged children as their severe multiple traumatisation prevents them from being able to trust or begin to form new attachments or even to develop a sense of safety. There is a nee for early intervention to treat their severely traumatised symptoms and memories, to help rid them of their overwhelming terror and fears of the adult world and to free them to begin to form healthier more appropriate behaviours and attachments. How using EMDR to enable these children to develop and progress emotionally and socially towards a more positive future is described.
Keywords: Children Chronic Abuse, Domestic Violence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
260. Keenan, L., Keenan, P., & Wright, C. (2007, June). EMDR with perinatal post traumatic stress disorder. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
For most people, childbirth is a time for celebration and joy. However, for some women it can prove a harrowing and traumtising experience. This may result in mothers developing Peri-Natal Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PN-PSTD), (Slade, 2006)). The reported prevalence of PTSD following childbirth ranges from 1.5% to 6% (Beck, 2004). However, there is a general lack of awareness of this issue, encompassing all health care professions (General Practitioners, Health Visitors, Obstetricians, and non-specialist Psychiatrists) (Robinson, 2003)). This can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatments being offers (Czamocks & Slade, 2000). This paper will critically examine some of the common themes associated with PN-PTSD. It will explore how Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can and should be used as an effective treatment intervention (Madrid, Skolek, and Shapiro 2007). Evidence based practice and practice based evidence (case studies) will show how EMDR can be adapted for this client group. The presentation will also reflect on future training needs and research implications.
Keywords: Health Problems Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
261. Cooper, A. (1995, June). EMDR with victims of trauma: Protecting your client, protecting yourself. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is an innovative and rapidly expanding new, treatment technique. Therapists are provided with two weekends of intensive training and encouraged to obtain supervision and be active in peer consultation groups and networks, and work to refine their skills. It is uncertain what percentage follow through in this regard. Estimates of the numbers of people who are victims of sexual trauma in our society are staggering (one in 3 girls, one in seven boys). Research finds that approximately half the people who present for psychotherapy have some sexual trauma in their history. EMDR has been hailed as an important new technique in facilitating the treatment of those who have been sexually traumatized. With correct usage, EMDR can greatly facilitate the treatment. At the same time, sexual trauma is a complex and volatile issue and awkward, poorly timed, or overly simplistic usage of EMDR could potentially lead to adverse consequences for the patient and treatment. As with any therapeutic technique or paradigm it can only be as helpful as that of the overall treatment. In addition the mere usage of EMDR will have an impact on the therapy, as well as the therapeutic container, and therapists need to be cognizant of what that impact will be as well as to be sure that they know how to incorporate the patient reactions into the treatment in a positive way and not allow them to undermine, or otherwise detrimentally effect both patient and therapist primary therapy goals. Particularly in these times of increased litigation, malpractice suits, and professional grievances against therapists those professionals utilizing EMDR would be wise to be aware of the particular risks inherent in the patient population in which they work, as well as the inherent vulnerability of utilizing a newly developed technique. In treating sexual trauma many experts agree that the crucible of the therapeutic container- is whether the healing will occur if the therapist sucessfully deals with the challenges the patient will offer lip. Again how those utilizing EMDR negotiates those challenges may be he difference between a successful course of therapy and a disaster. Finally, working with sexual trauma is an emotionally, intellectually, and sometimes physically demanding undertaking. Many therapists do not fully realize or acknowledge the toll that this type of work exacts and may be blind to the countertransferentia1 responses which arise and how they are communicated to the patient. In this workshop we will first reveal, some of the current thinking on the primary treatment issues (and obstacles) in therapy with victims of sexual trauma. We will then examine how and when is the most propitious time to use EMDR with this population and what reactions patients are likely to have to this type of intervention. Specific ways that EMDR and its implementation may activate certain issues in sexual trauma victims be elucidated as well as strategies for addressing those issues. Finally participants will engage in a series of experiential exercises designed to heighten their awareness of their own personal reactions and feelings (i.e., countertransference) to working with the intensity of sexual trauma. Once again these potential reactions will be linked to more or less effective usage of EMDR.
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
262. Bardin, A. (2004). EMDR within a family system perspective. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 15(3), 47-61. doi:10.1300/J085v15n03_04.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR is a method used to help the individual trauma victim process the psychological aftereffects of trauma (PTSD). The effects of traumatic experiences, however, spread throughout the victim's family. The case presented here describes the treatment from three perspectives: individual, family, and social context (eco-social). EMDR, used with a nine-year-old stabbing victim, was integrated into wider therapeutic work within the family. This integration widened the focus from the IP to other members of the system, allowing the use of EMDR to “spread” to four out of the five family members. The effects of the trauma on the family and its members were most effectively treated by a combination of individually and systemically oriented interventions.
Keywords: Clinical Case Study Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Family Family Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Therapeutic Process Trauma Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
263. Garcia, F. (2010, Abril). EMDR y el procesamiento adaptativo de la información [EMRD and adaptive processing of the information]. In EMDR: Un abordaje integral de la personalidad traumatizada (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el Congreso Internacional sobre Avances en Tratamientos Psicológicos, Granada, Spain.

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
El EMDR se ha desarrollado como una psicoterapia integrada que se ha utilizado a nivel mundial en la última década como tratamiento empíricamente validado para el trauma. A lo largo de este tiempo, se ha hecho evidente que es posible aliviar el sufrimiento, ayudar a parar el ciclo de la violencia y abordar los devastadores efectos de la transmisión generacional. Este acercamiento psicoterapéutico utiliza un protocolo de tratamiento para acceder a los sucesos vitales perturbadores, los disparadores actuales y las experiencias futuras proyectadas, y procesarlas con una resolución adaptativa (Shapiro, 2002). Se accede a todos los aspectos de la experiencia (imaginación, creencias, afecto y sensaciones corporales), mientras de forma simultánea se da estimulación dual de la atención, por movimientos oculares bilaterales, tonos o estimulación táctil. El procesamiento de las memorias perturbadoras indica un cambio simultáneo en la cognición, el afecto y las sensaciones físicas, dando como resultado una integración adaptativa de la experiencia. Este acercamiento integra elementos de distintas escuelas de psicoterapia, haciendo del EMDR aplicable a una enorme variedad de patologías y accesible a terapeutas de distintas orientaciones dentro de una serie de protocolos estandarizados (Van der Kolk, B., 1997). En esta presentación exponemos las líneas generales de este modelo psicoterapéutico a partir de la descripción del protocolo básico en EMDR que se estructura en ocho fases: 1) Recopilación sobre la historia del cliente; 2) preparación del cliente para el trabajo a realizar; 3) valorar todos los componentes de la diana de tratamiento 4) desensibilizar el material traumático objeto de la diana mediante la estimulación bilateral; 5) instalar la cognición positiva identificada; 6)revisar el cuerpo para localizar cualquier material residual sin resolver; 7) cierre de la sesión y 8) reevaluación del impacto del evento reprocesado.

EMDR has been developed as an integrated psychotherapy has used worldwide in the last decade as a treatment empirically validated for trauma. Throughout this time, it has become evident it is possible to alleviate suffering, help stop the cycle of violence and address the devastating effects of the generational transmission. This approach uses a psychotherapeutic treatment protocol accessing disruptive life events, current triggers and projected future experiences, and process them with a resolution Adaptive (Shapiro, 2002). Access to all aspects of the experience (Imagination, beliefs, affection and bodily sensations), while in simultaneously gives dual attention stimulation for movement bilateral eye tones or tactile stimulation. The processing of memories disturbing indicates a simultaneous change in cognition, affection and physical sensations, resulting adaptive integration experience. This approach integrates elements from different schools of psychotherapy, doing the EMDR applicable to a wide variety of pathologies therapists and accessible to different orientations within a range of standardized protocols (Van der Kolk, B., 1997). In this paper we present the outlines of this model psychotherapeutic from the description of the basic EMDR protocol which is divided into eight phases: 1) collection on the history of the client; 2) preparing the client for the work to be performed, 3) evaluate all components treatment of the target 4) desensitize traumatic material object of the target by bilateral stimulation; 5) install cognition positively identified; 6) reviewing the body to locate any residual material unresolved; 7) logoff and 8) reassessment of the impact of reprocessed event.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP
Accuracy Verified: Yes
264. Jácome, S. (2007, Novembro). EMDR y psicodrama [EMDR and psychodrama]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivos de aprendizaje: • mostrar de una manera práctica los cambios de paradigmas en la atención psicoterapéutica desde la perspectiva del EMDR en cuanto a fortalecer los recursos del ser humano. • demostrar cómo el método de EMDR puede integrarse con otros procedimientos grupales como el psicodrama. • presentar la técnica psicodramática de Pilares de la Vida con EMDR en un contexto de grupo.

Learning Objectives: • show a practical way changes paradigms in the psychotherapeutic from the perspective of EMDR as a strengthen human resources. • demonstrate how EMDR method can group integrated with other procedures as psychodrama. • present psychodramatic technique of Pillars Life with EMDR in a group context.
Keywords: Psychodrama
Accuracy Verified: Yes
265. Foster, S., Lendl, J., & Paulsen-Inobe, S. L. (2000, September). EMDR – Integrated coaching for effective leadership and innovative strategic visioning. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) understand and be able to describe the theoretical foundation for applying a trauma methodology to issues of optimal performance; 2) observe and practice effective techniques for positive resource installation for peak performance; and 3) be able to identify specific targets and negative and positive cognitions for enhancing leadership and increasing productivity using EMDR - integrating coaching.
Keywords: Coaching Performance Enhancement Resource Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
266. Herbert, C. (2011, June). EMDR – Practical applications and different treatment protocols for different needs. Presentation at the 7th International Congress of Cognitive Therapy, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced by Shapiro (1989) as a cognitivebehavioural therapy for clients with trauma a little over 20 years ago. After an initial period of intense controversy and scepticism regarding its proclaimed evidence base, EMDR has been studied extensively, its efficacy has been confirmed (Van Etten & Taylor, 1998; Shepherd et al. 2000, Alto, 2001; Davidson & Parker, 2001; Maxfield & Hyer, 2002; Bisson & Andrew, 2005; Bradley, et.al., 2005; Bisson, Ehlers, Matthews, Pilling, Richards, & Turner, 2007) and is one of the effective treatments of PTSD recommended by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) of the UK Department of Health in March 2005. It has been estimated (Farrell & Keenan, 2010) that in the United Kingdom and Ireland approximately 6,000 mental health clinicians have been trained in EMDR. Although studies have evaluated EMDR as a distinct therapeutic modality, during the course of their different levels of EMDR training, clinicians are encouraged to integrate the EMDR treatment protocol into their predominant therapeutic orientation. Thus, EMDR can be used across different psychological therapies, including the Cognitive Psychotherapies. While this makes EMDR a highly versatile modality, it can pose a practical challenge to clinicians in terms of when and how to integrate EMDR into their work with clients. Further, for therapists not trained in EMDR, the concepts may seem strange and scepticism may remain to this date. This workshop seeks to close the gap between false perception and reality about EMDR, by drawing on the facilitator’s 14 years of practical experience in the use and integration of EMDR alongside her work as a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist. This practice-oriented workshop will explore different applications of EMDR across the trauma spectrum, as well as, some treatment protocols for other client problems. The important roles of resource installation and interweaves will be introduced. Several forms of bilateral stimulation (DAS - Dual attention stimulus) and an EMDR-based protocol for the installation of a Safe Place for complex trauma (Herbert, 2002) will be practically demonstrated. Learning Objective • To learn about different EMDR applications both in the treatment of different types of trauma, as well as, other psychological problems. • To alleviate scepticism and encourage understanding on how EMDR can be integrated alongside the Cognitive Psychotherapies. • To gain some practical exposure on how EMDR is applied. Training Modality • Training will be practice-oriented and will include some experiential exercise.
Keywords: Protocols Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
267. 福井義一 [Fukui Yoshikazu]. (2008年6月). EMDRと催眠の併用と統合的使用福井義一 [Combined and integrated use of EMDR and hypnosis] . こころのりんしょう第27巻02号 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 27(2), 277-284].

Language: Japanese
Format: Journal
Keywords: Hypnosis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
268. 謝馨儀.[Xie Xinyi] (1999, 2011). EMDR介入PTSD治療歷程與效果之個案研究 [EMDR treatment of PTSD intervention process and the effect of case studies]. National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Taiwan.

Language: Chinese
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
視為一個較新起源於西方國家，眼動脫敏和再加工治療（EMDR）已被證明效率大量的研究。然而，由於這樣的事實，在台灣沒有太多的相關研究，這項研究的目的是在心理治療，EMDR的申請在台灣未來的探索實踐。通過客戶的積極治療和比較 EMDR的干預之前和之後的創傷後應激障礙（PTSD）治療的結果，預計 EMDR將實行更在心理治療領域，從而分散在台灣。（作者摘要）

Regarded as one newer therapy originated from Western countries, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been proven efficient by numerous researches. However, due to the fact that there is not much related research in Taiwan, this study aims at a psychological therapy practice applying EMDR in Taiwan for the future exploration. Via a client’s positive result from the therapy and the comparison before and after the intervention of EMDR to the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) therapy, it is anticipated that EMDR will be practiced more in the psychotherapeutic field and thus dispersed in Taiwan. (Author abstract)
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
269. O'Brien, J. M., & Abel, N. J. (2011). EMDR, addictions, and the stages of change: A road map for intervention. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 121-130. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.121.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A growing body of literature indicates that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can be useful in the treatment of addictions. When combined with traditional addictions treatment approaches, EMDR can enhance client stability, prevent relapse, and promote recovery. Clinical decision making about when and how to use EMDR techniques with clients who present with addictions is complicated. The purpose of this article is to explore the use of EMDR interventions with clients presenting various levels of awareness of their addiction as well as varied levels of motivation to change. The authors explore the Stages of Change and suggest appropriate pre-EMDR EMDR interventions at each stage.
Keywords: Addiction Stages of Change Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
270. Yoeli, F., & Prattos, T. (2009). The EMDR-accelerated information resourcing (EMDR-AIR) protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 31-45). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The EMDR Accelerated Information Resourcing Protocol (EMDR-AIR Protocol®) is designed to accelerate the search for the resources necessary to resolve the client's current crisis or long-term issues. The idea evolved from the "Double-Hai" paradigm (Yoeli & Prattos, 2005), which is a short-term intervention for use with couples. The EMDR-AIR Protocol is designed to look for that learned generational reaction to trauma that the client is currently using to cope with the current situation while, at the same time, tapping into the historical strengths and resources that enabled survival. These resources are found through the rapid accessing of client history by using the Multi-Tiered Trans-Generational Genogram (MTTG). The MTTG is a format that brings life and new energy into your work with clients and into the life of your client. As the therapist and the client evolve the MTTG, the client teaches the therapist and himself about his richly textured history. Through the legacy of this history, the client gains clarity about his circumstances and an appreciation of life under the best and worst circumstances. Through the practitioner's interest and curiosity, the client learns the fascination that comes from viewing the dynamics of his family through the generations. The process creates a longer lasting effect, solidifying the results of the EMDR session [(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA]
Keywords: Accelerated Information Resourcing AIR Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
271. Leutner, S. (2008, Novenber). EMDR-protokoll ressourcenintegrierenden traumaverarbeitung/RIT [EMDR trauma protocol integrated resource processing/RIT]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 16, 26-28.

Language: German
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Das ressourcenintegrierende Protokoll stellt eine Möglichkeit der schonenden Annäherung an die Traumabegegnung nach dem Standardprotokoll dar und ersetzt dieses in vielen Fällen so lange, bis das explizite Zurückgreifen auf die Ressource immer weniger notwendig ist. Die Anwendung ist auch bei Erfolgsblockaden möglich. Es kann auch für Klientinnen eingesetzt werden, die zwar schon gute Ressourcen haben, wenn sie in die Behandlung kommen, aber mit der EMDR-Methode wenig vertraut und eher ängstlich sind, waThe resource-integrated protocol provides a facility to the gentle approach meeting after the trauma to the standard protocol and supersedes that in many cases so until the explicit recourse is less and less necessary to the resource. The Application is possible even if successful blockades. It can also be used for clients be, although they have been good resources when they come into treatment, but with the EMDR method unfamiliar and rather anxious are, what their own emotional tolerance concernss ihre eigene Affekttoleranz betrifft.

Keywords: resource Integrated Trauma Protocol RIT
Accuracy Verified: Yes
272. Balbo, M. (2006). EMDR: Uno strumento di dialogo fra le psicoterapie [EMDR: A tool for dialogue among the psychotherapies]. Milano: McGraw-Hill.

Language: Italian
Format: Book
Abstract:
Negli ultimi anni, con l’affermarsi dell’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) come approccio terapeutico consolidato, sono stati formati nel mondo più di 80.000 terapeuti di matrice psicoterapeutica diversa, 1600 soltanto in Italia. Un così ampio interesse per questo metodo potrebbe far rilevare che proprio nell’EMDR i terapeuti, seppure di differente formazione, abbiano ricercato e intravisto uno strumento per poter avviare un dialogo, costruttivo e non soltanto oppositivo, iniziando a considerare la patologia attraverso un nuovo e integrante punto di vista. Il paradigma dell’Elaborazione Adattiva dell’Informazione messo a punto da Francine Shapiro parte dal presupposto che i fenomeni patologici dipendono da esperienze disturbanti del passato che avviano un modello permanente di emozioni, cognizioni, comportamenti e le strutture di identità che ne conseguono. Il paradigma, pertanto, offre una teoria unificante che può essere considerata come substrato per tutti gli orientamenti terapeutici quando si definisce la patologia come informazione immagazzinata in modo disfunzionale e che può essere adeguatamente integrata attraverso un sistema di elaborazione e risoluzione adattiva, attivato attraverso il protocollo EMDR. Questo è il primo testo che affronti il tema assai vivo e di attualità dell’integrazione fra i diversi orientamenti psicoterapeutici attraverso un metodo eclettico quale l’EMDR. I contributi degli autori - rappresentanti delle principali scuole di pensiero attualmente presenti nel mondo della psicoterapia italiana - tracciano un percorso di lettura che dimostra come i costrutti teorici e il protocollo EMDR siano compatibili ed efficacemente integrabili con i maggiori nuclei teorici, tradizionali e innovativi. E sono proprio l’elaborazione dei vissuti e i nuovi e più adattivi insight dei pazienti che si attivano attraverso l’approccio EMDR a poter consentire ai terapeuti di capirsi e di utilizzare un linguaggio comune.

In recent years, with l’affermarsi dell’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) as consolidated therapeutic approach have been trained in the world of 80,000 practitioners of different psicoterapeutica array, 1600 only in Italy. A so broad interest for this method could detect that your nell’EMDR therapists, albeit different training, have looked up and saw a tool to be able to start a constructive dialogue and not only oppositivo, beginning to consider the disease through a new and an integral point of view. The Adaptive Information Processing model paradigm made to point by Francine Shapiro part from the assumption that the pathological phenomena depend on disturbing experiences of the past that initiate a permanent model of emotions, knowledge, attitudes and structures of identity that it entails. The paradigm, therefore, provides a unifying theory that can be considered as a substrate for all therapeutic guidelines when you define the pathology as information stored so dysfunctional and can be adequately integrated through a system of processing and adaptive resolution activated through the EMDR protocol. This is the first text that tackles the issue very live and topical dell’integrazione between the different psychotherapy guidelines through an eclectic method such as EMDR. Contributions by authors - representatives of major schools of thought are currently in the world of Italian psychotherapy - draw a path of reading that shows how the theoretical constructs and EMDR Protocol are compatible and effectively integrate with the more theoretical, traditional and innovative nuclei. And its elaboration of the living and the new and more adaptive insight of patients that trigger through EMDR to allow practitioners understand you and use a common language.
Keywords: Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
273. Cuijpers, A. (2012). EMDR: Experimentele studie naar de werkgeheugentheorie en introductie van de afleidingstheorie [EMDR: Experimental study of the working memory theory and introduction of the distraction theory]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement and Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) is al jaren een veelgebruikte behandelmethode voor Post-traumatische Stresstoornis (PTSS). In voorgaande onderzoeken werd een verklaringsmechanisme voor het effect van EMDR aangetoond, de werkgeheugentheorie. Deze studies lieten zien dat de kenmerkende oogbewegingen (EM) van EMDR als secundaire taak, tijdens het ophalen van de negatieve herinnering, zorgen voor een afname van emotionaliteit en levendigheid. Dit doordat beide taken competeren voor het werkgeheugen welke slechts een beperkte capaciteit heeft. Deze studie onderzoekt een nieuwe theorie, de afleidingstheorie, welk gebruik maakt van visuele ruis (VN) als alternatieve secundaire taak. Huidig onderzoek richt zich op de vraag of EMDR verklaard kan worden volgens de actieve werkgeheugen belasting van de EM-taak of volgens de passieve belasting van de VN-taak. Om beide condities te vergelijken werd middels een pilot de mate van cognitieve belasting gelijk gemaakt. Aan deze pilot namen 10 participanten deel. Uit de resultaten bleek dat een vertraagde cyclus van 8 seconde voor een gelijke belasting zorgde voor alle condities. In totaal namen er 30 participanten aan dit onderzoek deel. Het eerste deel van het onderzoek bestond uit een reactietijdtijdtaak (RT) bestaande uit RT alleen, RT+EM en RT+VN. Het tweede deel bestond uit het ophalen van de herinnering alleen, herinneren+EM en herinneren+VN. Tijdens het tweede deel werd tevens bij iedere meting de emotionaliteit en levendigheid van de herinnering gemeten. De werkgeheugentheorie voorspelt dat (a) na de interventie de mate van levendigheid en emotionaliteit bij herinneren + EM significant lager zal zijn voor de interventie en dat (b) de gemiddelde daling van de score van herinneren + EM in vergelijking met de andere twee condities groter zal zijn. De afleidingstheorie voorspelt dat (a) na de interventie de mate van levendigheid en emotionaliteit bij herinneren + VN significant lager zal zijn voor de interventie en dat (b) het gevonden effect groter is dan herinneren alleen en gelijk aan herinneren + EM. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat beide hypothesen niet bevestigd kunnen worden. Er is te zien dat visuele ruis in vergelijking met de voor- en nameting, tegen de verwachting in, bij zowel emotionaliteit als levendigheid voor een grotere daling van de scores zorgt in vergelijking met oogbewegingen en de controleconditie. Wanneer er werd gekeken naar de tussenmetingen was er te zien dat de scores van visuele ruis (oogbewegingen + levendigheid) in het midden lagen tussen herinneren alleen en oogbewegingen in. Verklaringen en aanbevelingen worden besproken.

Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been a commonly used method of treatment for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In previous studies, an explanation mechanism for the effect of EMDR demonstrated the working memory theory. These studies showed that the characteristic eye movements (EM) of EMDR as a secondary task during retrieval of negative memories, ensuring a reduction of emotionality and vividness. This is because both tasks compete for the main memory to which only has a limited capacity. This study examines a new theory, the theory derivation, which uses visual noise (UN) as alternative secondary task. Current research focuses on the question whether EMDR can be explained by the active working memory load of the EM task or by the passive load of the UN mission. In order to compare both conditions was a pilot held the degree of cognitive load equal. 10 participants in this pilot took part. The results showed that a delayed cycle of 8 seconds for an equal load caused all conditions. In total there are 30 participants in this study. The first part of the study consisted of a reaction time task (RT) consisting of RT alone, RT + RT + EM and UN. The second part consisted of retrieving the memory only, recall + EM and recall + UN. During the second part was also in each measurement the emotionality and vividness of the memory were measured. The working memory theory predicts that (a) after the intervention the degree of vividness and emotionality in recall + EM significantly lower for the intervention and (b) the average decrease of the score of recall + EM compared to the other two conditions greater will be. The derivation theory predicts that (a) after the intervention the degree of vividness and emotionality in recall + UN significantly lower for the intervention and (b) the observed effect is greater than and equal to only remember remind + EM. The results show that both hypotheses can not be confirmed. It can be seen that visual noise in comparison with the pre-and post-test, contrary to expectation, both emotionality and vividness to a larger decrease in the scores causes compared with eye movements and the control condition. When it was examined between the measurements was to see that the scores of visual noise (eye movements + vividness) in the middle layer between recall and eye movements only in. Statements and recommendations are discussed.
Keywords: Distraction Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
274. Muntter, A. (2002, July/August). EMDR: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing - Strange name for a powerful psychotherapeutic intervention. M. D. News, West Michigan.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
When a therapist friend told me about EMDR, it was so unlike any therapy I had ever known I was completely baffled. Nonetheless, I underwent the intensive training and to this day am in awe of its powerful effects. Although it doesn't work for everyone, when it does work it can be an
Keywords: Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
275. Derksen, M. T., & Baeten, B. M. (2010, April). EMDR: Kijken met een diagnostische 'traumabril' in de ziekenhuispsychiatrie [EMDR: A diagnostic check with trauma glasses' in the psychiatric hospital]. Presentatie op het 38ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Inhoud van de workshop: EMDR (eye movement desentization and reprocessing) is een intensieve vorm van psychotherapie voor mensen die last houden van de gevolgen van een (of meerdere) schokkende ervaring(en). Een deel van de getroffenen verwerkt deze ervaringen op eigen kracht, anderen ontwikkelen psychische klachten. Juist deze klachten in het hier en nu als gevolg van een schokkende gebeurtenis in het verleden maken de gebeurtenis tot een traumatische gebeurtenis. Een ogenschijnlijk eenvoudige medische ingreep kan leiden tot reactivering van eerdere traumatische ervaringen. De kern van deze workshop is het leren herkennen en vaststellen van de 'ontwrichtende ervaringen' die van blijvende invloed zijn op het functioneren van de patiënt. Verder wordt aandacht besteed aan het diagnostisch leren kijken met een 'traumabril' en het leren kennen van het indicatiegebied van emdr binnen de ziekenhuispsychiatrie. emdr is volgens internationale en nationale richtlijnen de behandeling van eerste keus bij PTSS. EMDR kan ook toegepast worden bij traumagerelateerde stoornissen die niet per se hoeven te voldoen aan de diagnose ptss, zoals bij angststoornissen, eetstoornissen, pijnstoornissen, somatoforme stoornissen, seksuele stoornissen en verslaving. De bijzondere kenmerken en effecten van emdr worden besproken. Gecontroleerde effectstudies laten zien dat EMDR even effectief of effectiever is dan de huidige meest effectieve therapievorm, de cognitieve gedragstherapie. EMDR-behandeling is bovendien sneller en minder belastend voor patiënten. Vorm: Presentatie, geïllustreerd met videobeelden, tijd voor vragen en een interactieve discussie. Leerdoelen: Na de workshop kunnen de deelnemers kijken met de diagnostische 'traumabril', hebben zij inzicht in het brede indicatiegebied van EMDR en hebben zij kennis van deze vorm van psychotherapie en de plaats van EMDR binnen de psychotherapie.

Contents of the workshop: EMDR (eye movement desentization and reprocessing) is an intensive form of psychotherapy for people to suffer from the effects of one (or more) shocking experience (s). Some of the affected processes these experiences on their own, others developed psychological problems. Precisely these problems in the here and now because of a shocking event in the past to make the event a traumatic event. A seemingly simple medical intervention can lead to reactivation of previous traumatic experiences. The core of this workshop is learning to recognize and identify the "disruptive experiences" of lasting impact on the functioning of the patient. Attention is paid to the diagnostic learning to look with an "eye trauma 'and getting to know the indication of EMDR in the psychiatry hospital. EMDR has been under international and national guidelines the treatment of choice for PTSD. EMDR can also be applied to trauma-related disorders that do not necessarily have to meet the PTSD diagnosis, such as anxiety disorders, eating disorders, pain disorders, somatoform disorders, sexual disorders and addictions. The particular characteristics and effects of EMDR are discussed. Controlled Impact studies show that EMDR is as effective or more effective than the current most effective form of therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy. EMDR treatment is faster and less stressful for patients. Methods: Presentation, illustrated with video, an interactive time for questions and discussion. Objective: After the workshop the participants can see the diagnostic trauma spectacles, they understand the broad indication in EMDR and have knowledge of this form of psychotherapy and the place of EMDR in psychotherapy.
Keywords: Hospital
Accuracy Verified: Yes
276. Fernandez, I. (2006). EMDR: Un approccio integrato e integrante [EMDR: An integrated and integral approach]. In M. Balbo (a cura). EMDR: Uno strumento di dialogo fra le psicoterapie [EMDR: A tool for dialogue among the psychotherapies] 1e edizione, (pp. 23-47). Milano, Italy: McGraw-Hill.

Language: Italian
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
L’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) è un approccio terapeutico che rappresenta uno strumento fondamentale per molti psicoterapeuti, avendo ormai un'ampia base di pubblicazioni e di ricerca controllata che lo supportano quale trattamento validato empiricamente per il disturbo post-traumatico da stress (PTSD).

The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach constitutes an essential tool for many psychotherapists now having a broad base of controlled publications and research that support it as empirically validated treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Keywords: Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
277. Bidlack, N. J. (2000). EMDR: A viable intervention to ease the painful effects of traumatic experiences. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
278. Hofmann, A., Fischer, G., Galley, N., & Shapiro, F. (1998). EMDR: Memory reprocessing and accelerated emotional learning. European Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 4, 206-213.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A number of recent controlled studies has shown that EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) can reprocess disturbing memories and bring them to therapeutic resolution whether or not patients fulfil the DSM (or ICD)- criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The method can be integrated into treatment plans of different therapeutic approaches and integrates aspects of a number of the major treatment orientations. Clinical experience and EEG research show that the reprocessing in EMDR is not a trance-related phenomenon (Nicosia, 1995). However, EMDR blends well with hypnotic techniques in specific cases, especially with severe complex traumatised and dissociative patients. In addition, EMDR seems to help stabilise and generalise positive self-referencing beliefs as well as positive images, such as "a safe place", and accelerates future projectionsof new orientations and behaviours. In this sense, EMDR can be viewed not only as a method for the treatment of traumatic memories, but as a method of accelerated emotional learning.
Keywords: Accelerated Emotional Learning Therapeutic Integation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
279. Jones, K. R. (2006, June). EMDR: Warning on safe use. Therapy Today, 17(5), 23.

Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
For EMDR to be used safely, I strongly agree with the position emphasised during training with the EMDR Institute, that this is an adjunct technique which should only be integrated into existing and appropriate professional practice. Furthermore, practitioners should be qualified to carry out an effective mental health assessment, to screen potential clients for contraindicative effects (eg dissociation or psychosis) prior to treatment, as well as being competent to deal with adverse effects such as strong abreactions. Given the potential for harm with techniques such as EMDR, I believe that it is essential for practitioners to have a 'practising certificate' before offering this approach to clients, rather than simply undertaking 'some training' as noted by the author.
Keywords: Letter
Accuracy Verified: Yes
280. Quinn, G. (2007, March). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the Fifth annual EMDR UK & Ireland Conference, Glasgow, Scotland.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The workshop on Emergency EMDR will give an overview of crisis intervention and principles of critical incident debriefing following man made and natural disasters. There will be a review of the Neurobiology of Stress and PTSD. The various protocols of EMDR will be discussed such as the standard Protocol, the Recent Events Protocol and the group protocol. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), that can be used within hours of a traumatic Incident, will be discussed with case examples demonstrating its usefulness in many cases of Acute Stress Reaction and Disorder. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. All of this will be discussed with case examples of victims treated after terrorist attacks and war in Israel and after the Tsunami in 2004. There will be a practicum on Group EMDR.
Keywords: Katyushas, Man-Made Disasters Terrorist Bombings Tsunami
Accuracy Verified: Yes
281. Siano, J. (2008, April). Emergency intervention in art therapy with EMDR and somatic experiencing. Workshop presentation at the 1st Bi-annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The following presentation shows a model, which was built and applied with many different populations, children, aged people and adults, during the Lebanon War 2006 and after it. The purpose was prevention of PTSD and overcoming the difficult and painful period. Originally it was aimed at art therapists, psychologists, and other mental health staff – Jews and Arabs. They work with already traumatized children and youth in the shelled north of Israel, have to contain much pain and to be strong for others. They were close to break down, or already broke down. The same model served the presenter later in many cases of crisis, with groups and individuals. Especially it was adapted with some much dissociated clients, giving voice (visual representation) to the different sub – personalities. The model aims for (1) bridging between state of freezing or collapsing and functioning; (2) providing tools for self regulation and helping others to self regulate; and (3) strengthening the felt sense of well-being connected to resources within the person and preventing PTSD. The methods used are: (1) evaluation of body-sensation, feeling and thoughts with SUDS (Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale); (2) drawing a picture of resource; installation of resource; (3) drawing a deficiency picture, a picture which represents the disturbing part in one’s present life; (4) EM (eye movements) between both pictures, through working in couples - bilateral stimulation; (5) re-evaluation of body – sensation, feeling and thought with SUDS. Learning objectives: 1. To demonstrate the impact of art in developing inner boundaries towards integration of ego states. 2. To legitimize extreme emotions and to understand that they are normal defenses to trauma. 3. To acquire tools for coping with trauma in the present.
Keywords: Art Therapy Emergency Intervention Somatic Experiencing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
282. Quinn, G. (2009). Emergency response procedure. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 271-276). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was initially developed to help victims within hours of a terrorist attack, but can be applied in the immediate aftermath of any trauma. Patients may present with "silent terror," shaking and inability to speak, or if they are verbal, often they are in a highly agitated state. The procedure has been used in the emergency room and during hospitalization. It is also appropriate for immediate intervention at the scene of critical incidents such as car accidents, earthquakes, natural or man-made disasters, and in ambulances. While taking an initial history, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR, ERP can be put into effect if patients suddenly abreact. This procedure presumes familiarity with the Standard EMDR Protocol of which it is an adaptation. Clinicians highly experienced in dealing with patients immediately after a traumatic event—who are not familiar with EMDR—will still benefit from this report. Note: This procedure has not received official sanctioning from the EMDR Institute and has not been validated by research. This procedure can only be considered after all medical needs have been evaluated or treated. The Emergency Response Procedure Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Emergency Response Procedure Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
283. Lanius, R. A. (2010, June). Emotion regulation and the self in complex PTSD. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The lecture will focus on the core problems in PTSD related to early life trauma, including emotion dysregulation and fragmentation of the self. The neural correlates of emotional awareness, social emotion processing and self-monitoring will be described. Implications for stage oriented trauma treatment and early intervention will be discussed.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Keynote Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
284. Hornsveld, H. K., Landwehr, F., Stein. W., Stomp, M. P. H., Smeets, M. A. M., & van den Hout. M. A. (2010). Emotionality of loss-related memories is reduced after recall plus eye movements but not after recall plus music or recall only. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 106-112. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.3.106.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Numerous studies have shown that eye movements during recall of negative memories reduce their emotionality. We investigated whether these findings can be extended specifically to negative memories of loss. Sixty undergraduate students participated and recalled a negative autobiographical memory of loss and performed—in counterbalanced order—three types of tasks: recall-plus-eye-movements, recall-only, and recall-plus-relaxing-music. Recall-plus-music was added to investigate whether reductions in emotionality are associated with relaxation. Levels of emotionality, relaxation, and concentration were assessed before and after each stimulus condition. Participants reported a greater decline in emotionality and concentration after eye movements in comparison to recall-only and recall-with-music. It is concluded that eye movements are effective when negative memories pertain to loss and grief, suggesting possibilities for treatment intervention in individuals suffering from complicated grief.
Keywords: Eye Movements Grief Loss Mechanism of Action Relaxation Working Memory Grief
Accuracy Verified: Yes
285. Thompson, M. M., Pasto, L., & McCreary, D. R. (2002, July). Empirical assessment of Lanius, et al.s’ “functional MRI of EMDR in peacekeepers,’ a review of the EMDR literature and an annotated bibiliography. Defence R&D Canada – Toronto, Technical Memorandum, DRDC Toronto.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This report reviews a research proposal, the major objective of which is to assess the relation between PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and limbic, paralimbic, and prefrontal brain function as assessed with functional MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), and to determine whether an Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) intervention causes those structures to return to a normal mode of functioning. The proposed study secondarily explores the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing PTSD symptomatology. While the first and second objectives of the study may have scientific merit, the mandates of other funding agencies would appear to be more appropriate for investigations of basic neuroscience processes associated with brain functioning in PTSD (e.g., NSERC or CIHR). Importantly, a critical review of the EMDR research reveals that a great deal of controversy surrounds the effectiveness of this therapy. EMDR has not been shown to be more effective than presently validated PTSD exposure-based therapies, and the eye movement component of EMDR appears to provide no therapeutic benefit. Finally, there is a lack of clarity around specific items listed in the proposed budget. Given these concerns it is not recommended that this proposal be funded at this time.
Keywords: Bibliographies Canada Desensitizing' Magnetic Resonance Imaging Eye Movements Mental DIsorders MRI Medical Research Order Disorder Transofrmations Signs and Symptoms Stress (Physiology) Traumatic Shock
Accuracy Verified: Yes
286. Grainger, R., Levin, C., Allen-Byrd, L., Doctor, R., & Lee, H. (1997, October). An empirical evaluation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with survivors of a natural disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10(4), 665-671. doi:10.1023/A:1024806105473.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Controlled studies of treatments effective with victims of natural disasters are almost nonexistent. This is a small study conducted under difficult conditions to test the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treating trauma related reactions following Hurricane Andrew. The results were positive in that EMDR produced significant improvement over wait list controls in perceived posttraumatic avoidance behaviors and thoughts as measured by changes in the Impact of Event Scale and significant improvement in subjective aversive reactions to representative experiences of the hurricane. These results suggest and support other studies that EMDR can be an effective therapeutic intervention for trauma reactions. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Disaster Effects Empirical Study Hurricane Andrew (1992) Hurricanes Longitudinal Study Non-Randomized Study Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
287. Ogden, P. (2004, September). Empowering the body: Somatic awareness and physical action in the treatment of trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The repetitive traumatic patterns our clients come to us to change are not only psychological but somatic, clearly reflected in posture, energy level, movement, regulation of arousal and other physical attributes. Changing these patterns cannot be accomplished by insight alone. The procedural memory that keeps such behaviors and dissociative patterns in in place must be addressed. A body-oriented approach is indicated that facilitates new actions and addresses dissociative symptoms, including somaticcomponents of traumatic memories (e.g., pain, analgesia, and motor inhibitions) and avoidance-related symptoms such as bodily anesthesia. Sensorimotor Psychotherapy emphasizes practicing new actions and building other somatic resouces to mitigate symptoms and develop a somatic sense of self. In this workshop, somatic interventions that can be integrated into existing clinical skills will be taught and illustrated through excerpts of videotaped therapy sessions and brief experiential exercises.
Keywords: Dissociation Somatism Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
288. Moor, A. (2003, September). Enhancing EMDR treatment of rape victims with intervention derived from feminist therapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Feminist Therapy Poster Rape
Accuracy Verified: Yes
289. Smithson, M. (2003, September). Enhancing somatic interventions in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The somatic intervention is key to effective EMDR processing. It makes every possible use of EMDR more effective, whether it be trauma work, performance enhancement or resource development. How then, do we maximize the potentia1 for healing with EMDR through our somatic interventions? In this workshop, specific methods for enhancing somatic intervention will be presented. We will experience some of these methods and review cases where others have been used effectively. We will look at blending movement and creative modalities to flush out the wisdom in the body and enhance EMDR therapy.
Keywords: Somatic Complaints
Accuracy Verified: Yes
290. Du Bois, M. G., & de Kroon, M. (2008, August). Enlarging skills and self-efficacy as an important outcome of EMDR with individuals with ID. Poster presented at the 13th World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, Cape Town, South Africa.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many individuals with behaviour problems have long-lasting negative experiences in relation to their environment. Because of this they often have low self-esteem. The treatment is focussed on reduction of complaints and acquisition of skills. But the treatment is more successful when there is also the acquisition of a positive view of the self. EMDR is mainly focussed on trauma treatment and positive cognitive connotation. This competence is very useful as a therapeutic intervention when reinforcing a positive self in people with ID. For our target group it is difficult to translate a positive cognition to daily life. With the use of resources from EMDR such as the use of objects and manual communication, the self image can be reinforced and advance the practising of behaviour experiments. This poster will focus on theory of EMDR and practical implications.
Keywords: ID Intellectual Disabilities Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
291. Doering, S., Bisping, V., Nora Liebergesell, N., Höffkes, B., Junghöfer, M., & Dobel, C. (2012). Erfassung neurobiologischer orrelate der EMDR-behandlung bei patienten mit zahnbehandlungsangst [Detection of neurobiological correlates of EMDR treatment in patients with dental anxiety]. Universitätsklinikum Münster, Kliniken, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Forschung, Munster, Deutschland.

Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Im Rahmen des zuvor dargestellten Projektes werden die Patienten vor und nach der EMDR-Intervention mit einer Magnetencephalografie (MEG) untersucht. Dabei soll erfasst werden, ob die erwarteten angstassoziierten kortikalen Aktivierungen nach der EMDR-Behandlung zurückgehen. Als Angst auslösende Stimuli werden im MEG Bilder, Geräusche und Gerüche dargeboten werden, die in Zusammenhang mit der Zahnbehandlung stehen.

As part of the [Wirksamkeit des Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) bei Patienten mit Zahnbehandlungsphobie, (Doering, Bisping, Bohnke)] project a Magnetencephalografie (MEG) will be presented before the patients were examined before and after the EMDR intervention. It should be recognized that the expected angst associated cortical activations to go back to the EMDR treatment. As fear-inducing stimuli in the MEG images, sounds and smells will be presented, which are associated with dental treatment.

The purpose of this study is to find out whether Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is effective in the treatment of patients with dental phobia. This U.S. National Institues of Health Clinical trial has been completed. (U.S. National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01207960)
Keywords: Dental Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
292. Ohtani, T., Matsuo, K., Kasai, K., Kato, T., & Kato, N. (2010, February). Erratum to “Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder”. Neuroscience Research, 66(2), 232.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Reports an error in "Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder" by Toshiyuki Ohta ni, Koji Matsuo, Kiyoto Kasai, Tadafumi Kato and Nobumasa Kato (Neuroscience Research, 2009[Dec], Vol 65[4], 375-383). The publisher regrets that the surname of Dr. Ohtani was incorrectly spelt in the original article. The corrected author listing is given in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-20201-001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma-related recall (Recall) with eye movements (EMs) is thought to reduce distress. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Thirteen patients with PTSD received EMDR treatment over the course of 2–10 weeks. We assessed the change in hemoglobin concentration in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during Recall with and without EM using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Clinical diagnosis and improvement were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Recall with EM was associated with a significant decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) in the lateral PFC as compared with Recall without EM. Longitudinally, [oxy-Hb] during Recall significantly decreased and the amount of decrease was significantly correlated with clinical improvement when the post-treatment data was compared with that of the pre-treatment. Our results suggest that performing EM during Recall reduces the over-activity of the lateral PFC, which may be part of the biological basis for the efficacy of EMDR in PTSD. NIRS may be a useful tool for objective assessment of psychological intervention in PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Hemodynamic Responses Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
293. Simonetta, E. (2010). Esperienze traumatiche di vita in età evolutiva. EMDR come terapia [Traumatic experiences of life in children: EMDR as a treatment]. Milan, Italy: Angeli, ISBN: 9788856823080 885682308X.

Language: Italian
Format: Book
Abstract:
L’EMDR è un metodo clinico innovativo che rientra nell’ambito delle terapie brevi e si è rivelato molto efficace nell’intervento delle sintomatologie che si sviluppano in seguito a un’esperienza traumatica o dopo traumi ripetuti. Questo libro nasce con l’intenzione di presentare alcune esperienze, realizzate nel nostro paese, relative all’applicazione della metodologia terapeutica EMDR con soggetti in età evolutiva.

EMDR is an innovative clinical method that is part of the short-term therapies and has proved very effective intervention of the symptoms that develop after a traumatic experience, or after repeated trauma. This book was created with the intention to present some experiences made in our country, relating to the application of the methodology with subjects EMDR therapy in children and adolescents.
Keywords: Children Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
294. Morris-Smith, J. (2011, June). The European EMDR shrinking protocol for children and adolesence: Development, theoretical considerations and clinical insights. Pre-conference presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The development of the Shrinking Protocol and its application has given rise to many interesting questions relating to the nature of trauma in childhood including whether pre-verbal trauma exists and is treatable; what constitutes a trauma in childhood; how does attachment and family dynamics affect EMDR therapy; what is dissociation in childhood and how can it be managed in EMDR therapy; what are the effects of chronic long-term traumatisation in early childhood and how soon can these be addressed. Also interesting questions have included how does it get integrated with other therapeutic modes and when to start. Further interesting discoveries have also been made when applying it to special groups, for example children with ASD and other developmental and medical conditions. EMDR therapy for children and adolescents is now being found to have very wide-ranging applications. This workshop will describe the evolution of the Shrinking Protocol which was based on the earlier work of Tinker & Wilson (1999) and demonstrate some of its different applications and uses with different conditions which will be illustrated with video clips. It also will demonstrate how EMDR therapy has led to new insights into the nature of traumatisation in childhood and suggest potential new directions for research and therapy.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Shrinking Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
295. Gracheck, K. A. (2010). Evaluating the efficacy of EMDR as an athletic performance enhancement intervention. The University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs, CO. 3433356.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is traditionally regarded as a treatment for trauma; however, recent literature suggested that EMDR is also a promising athletic performance enhancement intervention. Sport psychology literature cited the need for scientifically sound research investigating new performance enhancement interventions. This study answered that call and sought to determine the validity of theories speculating about the efficacy of EMDR in sport. An internationally competitive cyclist participated in a case study investigating the efficacy of a unique EMDR protocol designed specifically for sport. The protocol integrated Resource Development and Installation, typically conducted during Phase 8, into Phase 2. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrated that EMDR had a positive impact on measurable performance outcomes, performance anxiety, self-esteem, and motivation.
Keywords: Athletes Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
296. Des Groseilliers, I. B. (2009, June). Évaluation longitudinale de l'efficacité d'une nouvelle intervention dyadique, brève et précoce visant la prévention du TSPT [Longitudinal evaluation of the effectiveness of a new intervention dyadic brief and early for the prevention of PTSD]. Université du Québec à Montréal.

Language: French
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
La présente thèse s'intéresse à l'évaluation de l'efficacité à court et à long terme d'une nouvelle intervention dyadique, brève et précoce ayant pour but la prévention du trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT). L'exposition à un événement traumatique provoque, chez certains individus, une souffrance émotionnelle considérable qui entrave leur fonctionnement quotidien de manière parfois importante. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, des interventions curatives efficaces ont été créées, soit la thérapie cognitive-comportementale (TCC) et la désensibilisation par mouvement oculaire (EMDR). On remarque cependant un manque criant d'interventions efficaces à court et à long terme qui ont pour but la prévention du TSPT, malgré les efforts du débriefing et de la TCC brève en ce sens. Cette thèse vise donc, dans un premier temps, à faire le point sur l'état des connaissances au niveau de l'efficacité des interventions précoces et, dans un deuxième temps, évaluer de manière empirique l'efficacité à moyen (3 mois) et surtout à long terme (2 ans) d'une nouvelle intervention dyadique, brève et précoce pour prévenir le TSPT. La nouvelle intervention dont il est question dans le présent ouvrage se déroule en deux séances et est offerte à la victime et une personne-soutien de son choix par une travailleuse sociale ou une infirmière. Elle met l'accent sur la psychoéducation, l'apprentissage à la communication exempte de soutien social négatif (minimisation, hostilité, impatience, etc.) et sur l'importance de ne pas éviter les stimuli associés à l'événement traumatique. La thèse comporte quatre chapitres. Le premier propose une recension de la littérature qui met à jour les principales conclusions quant à l'efficacité du débriefing et de la TCC brève pour prévenir le TSPT. Cette recension met en évidence les principales failles méthodologiques et les difficultés d'application de ces interventions. De plus, elle expose le rationnel derrière l'utilisation du soutien social comme ingrédient actif d'une intervention de prévention de ce trouble. Le second chapitre présente une étude d'efficacité randomisée et contrôlée de l'efficacité de la nouvelle intervention. Soixante-six participants ont été randomisés soit dans la condition intervention ou dans la condition de contrôle. Les résultats ont démontré qu'au post-test de trois mois, les participants de la condition intervention manifestaient des symptômes de TSPT significativement moins intenses que ceux de la condition contrôle. De plus, les participants de la condition intervention rapportent une diminution significative du soutien social perçu, contrairement aux participants de la condition de contrôle qui n'observent pas cette différence. Il est intéressant de souligner que le taux d'abandons en cours de traitement fut équivalent et très bas au sein des deux groupes. Ceci suggère que les participants tolèrent bien cette nouvelle intervention. Aucune différence n'a été observée entre les deux groupes en ce qui a trait à l'occurrence de psychopathologies comorbides. Le troisième chapitre se veut une relance à 2 ans post-trauma de l'étude présentée au chapitre précédent. Quarante-six des 66 participants ont accepté de prendre part à cette relance. Les résultats révèlent que, deux ans après l'événement traumatique, les participants ayant reçu l'intervention étaient encore beaucoup moins symptomatiques que les participants n'ayant pas reçu cette intervention. Un fait plus qu'intéressant qui ressort de cette étude est qu'aucun participant de la condition intervention ne rapporte un TSPT et cinq participants de la condition contrôle souffrent encore de ce trouble deux ans après l'événement traumatique. Parallèlement, il a été observé que les participants ayant reçu l'intervention perçoivent encore moins de soutien social négatif que ceux de la condition contrôle. À l'instar de ce qui a été rapporté au post-test de trois mois, les deux groupes ne révèlent pas de différence significative par rapport à la manifestation d'autres affections psychologiques. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre propose une discussion générale des résultats en fonction des interprétations qui peuvent en être tirées, des différentes forces et limites intrinsèques ainsi que des implications théoriques et cliniques qui peuvent en découler.

This thesis focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness in the short and long-term reoperation dyadic brief and early aimed at the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure to a traumatic event causes in some individuals, suffering considerable emotional hinders their daily operations be significant. Over the past two decades, effective curative interventions were created either cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization (EMDR). We note, however, a dearth of effective interventions in the short and long-term aim of preventing PTSD, despite the efforts of debriefing and brief CBT in this direction. This thesis therefore aims, firstly, to take stock of the state of knowledge at the effectiveness of early interventions, and in a second step, empirically assess the efficacy medium (3 months) especially in the long term (2 years) of a new intervention dyadic brief early to prevent PTSD. The new intervention mentioned in this book takes place in two sessions and is offered to the victim and a support person of their choice by a social worker or nurse. It focuses on psychoeducation, learning to communicate free of negative social support (minimization, hostility, impatience, etc..) And the importance of not avoiding stimuli associated with the traumatic event. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first provides a literature review that updates the main conclusions about the effectiveness of debriefing and brief CBT to prevent PTSD. This review highlights the main methodological flaws and difficulties in implementing these interventions. In addition, it outlines the rationale behind the use of social support as an active ingredient of an intervention to prevent this disorder. The second chapter presents an efficacy study randomized controlled effectiveness of the new intervention. Sixty-six participants were randomized to either intervention or condition in the control condition. The results showed that post-test three months, participants in the condition action had symptoms of PTSD significantly less intense than those of the control condition. In addition, participants reported response provided a significant reduction in perceived social support, unlike the members of the control condition who do not observe this difference. It is interesting to note that the dropout rate during treatment was low and similar in both groups. This suggests that participants tolerate this new intervention. No difference was observed between the two groups in regard to the occurrence of comorbid psychopathology. The third chapter is a raise to 2 years post-trauma of the study presented in the previous chapter. Forty-six of the 66 participants agreed to take part in this revival. The results show that two years after the traumatic event, participants who received the intervention were still much less symptomatic than participants who did not receive this intervention. A more than interesting fact that emerges from this study is that no participant intervention condition reported PTSD and five participants from the control condition still suffer from this disorder two years after the traumatic event. Meanwhile, it was observed that participants who received the intervention perceive less social support than the negative control condition. Like what has been reported in post-test three months, the two groups did not show a significant difference in the expression of other psychological ailments. The fourth and final chapter provides a general discussion of the results based on interpretations that can be drawn, different strengths and inherent limitations as well as theoretical and clinical implications that may arise.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Dyadic Intervention Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
297. Ridgeway, E. (2005). Experimental treatment brings migraine relief without medication. Los Altos, CA: Los Altos Town Crier.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Los Altos psychotherapist Steven Marcus has applied his knowledge of EMDR, on which he has published several papers, to experimental treatment for migraines. It combines three fornns of physical intervention to treat and prevent migraine pain without drugs.
Keywords: Los Altos Migraines Steven Marcus
Accuracy Verified: Yes
298. Brown, P. (2011, March). An exploration of the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) techniques within a solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) framework with children experiencing personal and school related problems. Presentation at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This study was set in a mainstream primary school in Scotland where a group of children had been identified by their class teachers and parents as presenting as quiet, shy, withdrawn and/or anxious. The researcher was an educational psychologist in the local authority where the study took place. 5 primary aged children at stages P5, P6 and P7 (aged 9 to 11 years) of the Scottish Primary education system were involved in a group process which took place in their school, consisting of 6 sessions over the course of 2 months. The intervention combined elements from Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). This was a strength based approach which aimed to focus on positive strengths and increase resilience. The individual nature of the therapy required a flexible model. A qualitative research methodology was used. The general aim of this research was to investigate this combined therapeutic process within an applied psychology perspective. The research set out to study the experiences of a group of children during and after they participated in the process. A further aim of the research was to explore the process from my own perspective as the therapist and facilitator. Data was collected during and after each session and post intervention data was collected from children, parents and teachers. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data. Findings indicated that the children found the intervention helpful and they were able to identify particular aspects of SFBT and EMDR which they had found useful.
Keywords: Children School-Related Problems SFBT Solution Focused Brief Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
299. Shapiro, F. (1998, July). Exploring the boundaries. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) explore the interconnectedness of trauma and violence; 2) examine a variety of new therapeutic applications; and 3) review the integrated nature of the EMDR protocols.
Keywords: Plenary Trauma Violence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
300. de Bok, D., & van Daalen, M. (2010, June). Exploring the mechanism underlying the working memory account of EMDR: The effect of fading in and fading out of negative and arousing images on emotionality, vividness, vividness, completeness and detail recall of traumatic memories. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychological intervention for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Currently, the working memory account gives the best explanation for the functionality of EMDR. This account states that conducting a dual task, mostly horizontal eye movements, while retrieving a traumatic memory will make this memory less emotional, vivid and complete. It was hypothesized that the fading in and/or fading out of traumatic images are in itself causally contributing to the reduced emotionality, vividness and completeness of the recalled memories. This experimental study (N=27) examined the fading in (the image starts vague and gets more clear) and fading out (the image starts clear and gets more vague) of traumatic images as an underlying mechanism of the working memory account. By using a within-subject design, participants engaged in three conditions (fading in, fading out and control) in which they had to rate their memories on emotionality, vividness and completeness. A detail recall test was also conducted for all conditions. No significant differences were found between the three conditions on emotionality, vividness and completeness. However, a trend was found indicating that fewer details were recalled in the fading out condition. Based on these results, the hypothesis that fading in or fading out will result in diminishing emotionality, vividness and completeness was not confirmed. Shortcomings of the experiment and implications for future research are addressed
Keywords: Fading in Fading out Traumatic Image Working Memory Account
Accuracy Verified: Yes
301. Follette, V., & and Smith, A. (2004). Exposure Therapy. In A. Freeman, S. H. Felgoise, A. M. Nezu, C. M. Nezu, & M. A. Reinke (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (pp. 185-188). Springer.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Exposure therapy has increasingly been used in conjunction with other cognitive—behavioral therapies in a variety of formats and techniques, particularly in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Reasons for the addition of cognitive enhancements to exposure therapy include concerns for client well-being and/or an interest in increasing client willingness to engage the treatment. Other newer therapies such as CPT, ACT, and EMDR, while based in differing theoretical paradigms, incorporate cognitive and behavioral strategies that are consistent with exposure and cognitive change. Several empirical studies support combinations of exposure and other cognitive—behavioral therapies. However, studies evaluating a possible augmenting effect of other CBT components have generally shown equally promising effects with exposure alone and exposure combined conditions. Further research is needed to more fully understand which components of other cognitive—behavioral therapies are most helpful in addressing concerns of using exposure therapy alone, and the manner in which exposure therapy can be most effectively integrated.
Keywords: Exposure Cognitive Processing Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stress Inoculation Training
Accuracy Verified: Yes
302. Brown, S. H., Stowasser, J. E., & Shapiro, F. (2011). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR): Mental health-substance use. In D. B. Cooper (Ed.), Intervention in Mental Health-Substance Use (pp. 165-193) United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd .

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Substance use disorders remain a persistent social and medical problem. According to a recent report,1 addiction is the number one health problem in the United States. The report notes that when one considers the direct costs of drug-induced health problems, deaths due to accidents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or drug-related acts of violent crime, there are ‘more deaths, illnesses and disabilities from substance abuse than from any other preventable health condition’.1 Most experts today agree that substance use disorders are a complex interaction between genetics, environment, and experience. ‘Substance dependence is not a failure of will or of strength of character, but a medical disorder that could affect any human being. Dependence is a chronic and relapsing disorder, often co-occurring with other physical and mental conditions’.2 The question remains - Why has it been that over the course of human history, where people and cultures have had access to alcohol and potent mind-altering substances, that only some become addicted while the rest are able to regulate their use? The drugs that people experiencing substance use disorders select are not chosen randomly, but are a result of an interaction between the psychopharmacologic action of the drug and the dominant painful feelings with which they struggle. Edward Khantzian, observed that opiates are often preferred because of their powerful numbing action on the affects of rage and aggression. Cocaine has its appeal because of its ability to relieve distress associated with depression. Although ill-fated, ‘addicts discover that the short-term effects of their drugs of choice help them cope with distressful subjective states and an external reality otherwise experienced as unmanageable or overwhelming’. Thus emerges a compelling hypothesis, which proposes that people use psychoactive substances in an attempt to control painful symptoms resulting from psychological trauma. This is referred to as ‘self-medication’. Some studies in the United States show that more than 50% of people with mental disorders also suffer from substance dependence compared to 6% of the general population.2 It is from our interest in providing integrated treatment for the complex interaction of genes, environment, trauma, and psychological pain as a driving force behind mental health-substance use disorders, that this chapter is written.
Keywords: Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
303. Lee, C., Gavriel, H., & Richards, J. (1996, November). Eye movement desensitisation: Past research, complexities, and future directions. Australian Psychologist, 31(3), 168-173. doi:10.1080/00050069608260202.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper reviews the present state of knowledge about the efficacy of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for traumatic memories, and draws on information-processing theory to identify basic problems with much of the research on this procedure. The general failure of this research to take into account the complexity and hypothesised theoretical underpinnings of EMDR is discussed, and suggestions are made for future research. Although EMDR has shown some promise as an effective intervention for PTSD, well controlled comparative outcome studies are required to establish its efficacy before investigation of its active therapeutic components should be undertaken. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Emotional Trauma Literature Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
304. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2010, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Retrieved from http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/ViewIntervention.aspx?id=199 on 3/25/2011.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a one-on-one form of psychotherapy that is designed to reduce trauma-related stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to improve overall mental health functioning. Treatment is provided by an EMDR therapist, who first reviews the client's history and assesses the client's readiness for EMDR. During the preparation phase, the therapist works with the client to identify a positive memory associated with feelings of safety or calm that can be used if psychological distress associated with the traumatic memory is triggered. The target traumatic memory for the treatment session is accessed with attention to image, negative belief, and body sensations. Repetitive 30-second dual-attention exercises are conducted in which the client attends to a motor task while focusing on the target traumatic memory and then on any related negative thoughts, associations, and body sensations. The most common motor task used in EMDR is side-to-side eye movements that follow the therapist's finger; however, alternating hand tapping or auditory tones delivered through headphones can be used. The exercises are repeated until the client reports no emotional distress. The EMDR therapist then asks the client to think of a preferred positive belief regarding the incident and to focus on this positive belief while continuing with the exercises. The exercises end when the client reports with confidence comfortable feelings and a positive sense of self when recalling the target trauma. The therapist and client review the client's progress and discuss scenarios or contexts that might trigger psychological distress. These triggers and positive images for appropriate future action are also targeted and processed. In addition, the therapist asks the client to keep a journal, noting any material related to the traumatic memory, and to focus on the previously identified positive safe or calm memory whenever psychological distress associated with the traumatic memory is triggered. The underlying mechanism for how this process works to reduce trauma-related stress, anxiety, and depression is unknown. Researchers have theorized that the positive effect is due to adaptive information processing, the theoretical model behind EMDR. Through adaptive information processing, the dual-attention exercises disrupt the client's stored memory of the trauma to allow for an elimination of negative beliefs, emotions, and somatic symptoms associated with the memory as it connects with more adaptive information stored in the memory networks. Once recall of the trauma no longer elicits negative beliefs, emotions, or somatic symptoms and the memory simultaneously shifts to a more adaptive set of beliefs, emotions, and somatic responses, it is stored again, overwriting the original memory of the trauma. EMDR is typically delivered in 60- to 90-minute sessions, although shorter sessions have been used successfully. The number of sessions varies with the complexity of the trauma being treated. For an isolated, single traumatic event, one to three sessions may be sufficient for treatment. However, when the trauma involves repeated traumatic events, such as combat trauma and physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, many more sessions may be needed for comprehensive treatment.
Keywords: Intervention Summary
Accuracy Verified: Yes
305. Shapiro, F. (2001, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the anxiety disorders: Clinical and research implications of an integrated psychotherapy treatment. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(1), 43-75.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Four recent, independent, rigorously controlled studies of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have reported that 84 to 100% of single trauma victims no longer maintain the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis after the equivalent of 3 90-minute sessions. The rapidity of EMDR treatment effects makes many ancillary research opportunities available. Specifically, the increased number of cases resolved in a relatively short period of time allows investigation of neurophysiological phenomena, patterns of cognitive and emotional processing, component analyses of a large range of procedural factors, and evaluation of the efficacy of application to diverse clinical populations. This article describes the procedures and protocols that are believed to contribute to EMDR's clinical effects and are, therefore, suggested for the EMDR treatment and research of the anxiety disorders. This is particularly relevant given the misconceptions that have abounded due to the unfortunate naming of the procedure after the eye movements, which have proved to be only one of many useful types of stimulation, and only one of many components of this complex, integrated treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Research Needs Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
306. Shapiro, F. (1999, January-April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the anxiety disorders: Clinical and research implications of an integrated psychotherapy treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 35-67. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00038-3.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Four recent, independent, rigorously controlled studies of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have reported that 84 to 100% of single-trauma victims no longer maintain the posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions. The rapidity of EMDR treatment effects makes many ancillary research opportunities available. Specifically, the increased number of cases resolved in a relatively short period of time allows investigation of neurophysiological phenomena, patterns of cognitive and emotional processing, component analyses of a large range of procedural factors, and evaluation of the efficacy of application to diverse clinical populations. Unfortunately, some research has been conducted that has been severely hampered by insufficient treatment fidelity and lack of clinical validity. Consequently, this article will attempt to describe the procedures and protocols that are believed to contribute to EMDR's clinical effects and are, therefore, suggested for the EMDR treatment and research of the anxiety disorders. This is particularly relevant given the misconceptions that have abounded due to the unfortunate naming of the procedure after the eye movements, which have proved to be only one of many useful types of stimulation, and only one of many components of this complex, integrated treatment. [PubMed]

[Note: Erratum in Journal of Anxiety Disorders 13(6), 621, Nov-Dec 1999]
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Research Needs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
307. Dziegielewski, S., & Wolfe, P. (2000, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a time-limited treatment intervention for body image disturbance and self-esteem: A single subject case study design. Journal of Psychotherapy in Independent Practice, 1(3), 1-16. doi:10.1300/J288v01n03_01 .

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This single subject case study implemented in the private practice setting examined body-image disturbance and self-esteem. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is the treatment modality. The Self-Esteem Rating Scale and the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire are pre and post tested. A self-developed Daily Body Satisfaction Log is used throughout the 43-day observation period. Scores on subjects' self-esteem and body image avoidance showed clinical improvement over the treatment period. Based on this clinical examination, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing appears to be a promising time-limited treatment intervention that merits further research for application to eating disorder symptoms such as body image disturbance and low self-esteem. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Keywords: Anorexia Body Image Disturbances Bulimia Clinical Case Study Eating Disorders Empirical Study Females Self-Esteem Single Subject Design
Accuracy Verified: Yes
308. Pollock, P. (2000, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following homicide. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 11(1), 176-184. doi:10.1080/095851800362454.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Homicide perpetrators have been observed to report symptoms of PTSD directly related to involvement in the offense itself. A single-case study is presented, which describes the application of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing for a male perpetrator of homicide. The nature of the difficulties these offenders experience is considered and the need for appropriate psychological intervention in such cases is discussed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Case Report Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Homicide Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Perpetrator Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
309. Albright, D. L., Thyer, B., Becker, B. J., & Rubin, A. (2011, November). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat veterans. Oslow, Norway: The Campbell Collaboration. Retrieved from www.campbellcollaboration.org on 2/16/2012.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
EMDR was introduced as a treatment modality about twenty five years ago (Shapiro, 1989). EMDR has eight treatment phases. The first three stages include: 1) history taking; 2) preparation (introduction to the EMDR protocol, coping strategies and affect management techniques) and 3) assessment (bringing to mind an image of a traumatic incident, identifying beliefs and emotions associated with that incident, rating the degree of disturbance felt in recalling the traumatic incident, and rating the validity of preferred cognitions about oneself). During the next phase desensitization the core component of the intervention is implemented. It involves using a dual attention/bilateral stimulation procedure that aims to reprocess the disturbing emotions and cognitions associated with the traumatic incident. The client is instructed to keep in mind the image, beliefs and cognitions while simultaneously visually tracking the therapist’ s fingers as they are moved back and forth in front of the client in a prescribed manner. (Bilateral tactile taps or auditory tones are used instead of eye movements for clients who have difficulty visually tracking.) Bilateral stimulation is also used during the next two phases - installation and body scan - which aim to install a positive cognition to replace the negative cognition associated with the trauma and to reprocess any remaining bodily sensations. During the next phase closure the client is advised about what to do between sessions if experiencing distress. The final phase re-evaluation occurs at the start of the next session and involves identifying and reprocessing any residual material from the previous session or that arose between sessions. The length of treatment sessions varies, but typically lasts from 60 to 90 minutes. The number of treatment sessions also varies, ranging between 5 and 15 sessions. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Combat Veterans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
310. Ali, M. W., & Rana, M. H. (2008, June). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in patients of PTSD following earthquake 2005, Pakistan. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objective: The purpose of the study is to asses the usefulness of EMDR in patients of PTSD who survived the October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. Background: On October the 8th an earthquake of 7.6 on rector scale struck Kashmir and Northwest of Pakistan leaving millions injured and more than 80,000 dead. A survey of the affected areas has shown a high prevalence of PTSD amongst the survivors. A selected series of patients with the diagnosis of PTSD from amongst the survivors is enrolled for EMDR at CTRPI. The study is based on their response to this intervention. Design and Settings: The study involves an ongoing compilation of clinical data and the study of therapeutic responses to various interventions including EMDR, at a tertiary mental health facility and Centre for Trauma Research and Psychosocial Interventions (CTRPI), Rawalpindi /Islamabad, Pakistan. This mental health facility is the tertiary care referral point for patients from metal health relief units located allover in earthquake affected areas of Azad Kashmir and Northwest of Pakistan. Method: Earthquake survivors who develop psychosocial sequelae referred to CTRPI from Kashmir, who go on to fulfill the criteria of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder according to ICD-10 are registered for further studies and appropriate interventions. A select group who give informed consent for EMDR are then included for detailed evaluation and follow up. Sessions are conducted in eight phases from manuals by therapists who are trained till level 2 in the method. Pre- treatment assessment is done by an independent assessor for scores on Impact of Event Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The post treatment assessment is conducted 1 week after the treatment with the same procedures as at pretreatment. In session Scoring of subjective unit of distress is also recorded serially. According to the degree of improvement and severity of illness, sessions of EMDR are carried out with the duration of about 60 to 90 minutes each session and with a minimum of 6 sessions using the bilateral stimulation. The authors plan to compile their work with ten patients who fulfill the prerequisites of the study in process. Results: The work has been done so far on three clients which suggest that EMDR is effective in reducing the scores of IES back to normal and there is marked difference in the GAF level after the said intervention. It has a dramatic effect on 29 within-session SUD levels .Furthermore, at a qualitative level it is observed that involvement of other family members in the therapeutic process may improve treatment adherence. Conclusions: Ongoing results of this study tend to suggest that the EMDR is an effective intervention for patients of PTSD following a natural disaster like an earth quake. However, the results drawn cannot be generalized on account of their small count.
Keywords: Earthquake Pakistan Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
311. Soberman, G. B. (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of conduct disorder with preadolescents and adolescents. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 9910218.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was determine the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized adolescents primarily diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD). The effect of exposure to domestic violence and other forms of human initiated violence puts children at risk of developing significant mental health problems including CD and other childhood disorders that can have a profound effect on the community. In order to test the null hypotheses that the EMDR treatment protocol would not lead to any significant reduction in posttraumatic or behavioral symptoms with this population, a repeated measures MANOVA was utilized for four of the five dependent variables. These variables were the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the Child Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the Parent Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms (PROPS), and the Problem Rating Scale (PRS). A simple two-group independent t-test analysis was used to analyze the fifth independent variable (reward points) and the 2-month follow-up data. All of the 5 null hypotheses were supported by an inferential analysis (MANOVA; t-test) of the dependent variables of this study. EMDR treatment was not found to be statistically significant on any of the dependent variables. Despite these findings, future research should continue to focus on the efficacy of EMDR with childhood trauma. Future research should also continue to focus on the emotional needs of children in residential treatment, the benefits of therapeutic as opposed to punitive intervention with delinquent youths, and the role that EMDR can play in breaking the cycle of violence in our society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(10-B), April 1999, pp. 5587.
Keywords: Adolescents Conduct Disorder Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Preadolescents Symptoms Trauma Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
312. Finley, P. A. (2002, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of sex offenders. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3068413.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Most sex offenders in treatment in the United States understand and adapt well to the predominantly cognitive/behavioral/relapse prevention (RP) aspects of their treatment. "No more victims" is the fundamental goal of sex offender treatment, and due to this focus on relapse prevention, most sex offenders do not adequately address their own emotional wounding from early trauma and victimization. This author believes these unresolved affective issues lead to the cognitive distortions and justifications that allow sex offenders to give themselves permission to offend in the first place. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic intervention that assists in rapidly resolving troubling thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations. Incorporating EMDR into the current cognitive/behavioral/relapse prevention (RP) treatment model for sex offender treatment opens the possibility of reducing the reoffense rate in society. In this study, affective issues of adult male sex offenders (n = 27) were addressed, employing EMDR; this comprised the experimental treatment group. The experimental group received a pretest, three EMDR sessions, and a posttest over an average time of 3.8 months. The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI) was the measure used for this research. The three scales on that test designed to measure for thinking errors were: the Cognitive Distortion and Immaturity (CDI Scale; the Justification (Ju) Scale; and the Treatment Attitudes (TA) Scale. Archived pretest/posttest scores of randomly selected and anonymous adult male sex offenders comprised the control group (n = 27). This group was tested on the MSI and MSI 2 before entering Module 4 and after finishing Module 5, representing 22.5 months of treatment pretest/posttest. All control and experimental group subjects took part in a mandated cognitive/behavioral/relapse prevention (RP) program. The independent two-sample t test was used to compare two means utilizing the rate of change between the experimental and control group. The results of the study indicate a statistically significant reduction in justifications for offender behavior in the experimental group on the Ju scale (p-value = 0.008). On the CDI and TA scale, the null hypotheses were supported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 63(10-B), Apr 2003, pp. 4899.
Keywords: Empirical Study Male Sex Offenders Relapse Prevention Sex Offenders Sex Offenses Sex Offender Treatment Therapeutic Intervention
Accuracy Verified: Yes
313. Reyes, M. A. (1999, October). The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) program: intervention for children with posttraumatic stress disorder. Carlos Albizu University, Miami, FL. AAT 9925128.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This dissertation examines research pertaining to the diagnosis and characteristics of childhood Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), natural disasters, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) theory and technique in children. In addition, the effectiveness of EMDR theory and technique related to childhood PTSD is reviewed. The purpose of this study is to develop a program within a school setting suitable for children diagnosed with PTSD as a result of having witnessed, confronted, or experienced a natural disaster. The program is referred to as the EMDR Program or the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Program. An attempt was made to be like no other programs related to children and natural disasters researched. The program's goal is to design a program that investigates the effectiveness of EMDR theory and technique related to children who have developed PTSD as a result of being exposed to a hurricane, tornado, flood, earthquake, or fire. The objectives of this program include creating a safe environment in order to help children reprocess their traumatic experiences within a short period of time utilizing EMDR with age appropriate alterations as suggested by Shapiro (1995) and Greenwald (1997). The philosophy of this program is based on an Accelerated Information Processing Model. The EMDR program established an admission criteria and a means of monitoring the progress of each child. An evaluation and budget were also proposed as a guide, were this design be implemented. Overall, it was believed that by utilizing EMDR with age appropriate alterations, the EMDR program would help children overcome their PTSD symptoms related to their traumatic experiences involving natural disasters within a short period of time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(4-B), Oct 1999, pp. 1869.
Keywords: Children Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
314. Tarquinio, C., Brennstuhl, M. -J., Rydberg, J. A., Schmitt, A., Mouda, F., Lourel, M., & Tarquinio, P. (2012, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy dans le traitement des victimes de violences conjugales: Étude pilote [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the treatment of victims of domestic violence: A pilot study]. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée, 62(4), 205–212 .

Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Introduction Cette recherche décrit les effets du traitement EMDR sur les victimes de violences conjugales. Objectif Le but de cette étude était de mettre en évidence l’efficacité de l’EMDR dans la réduction des symptômes d’ESPT, d’anxiété et de dépression. Méthode Trente-six femmes ont participé à cette étude, 12 ont été traitées avec l’EMDR, 12 avec une approche de psychothérapie éclectique et 12 ont été assignées au groupe témoin. Résultat Les femmes ayant bénéficiées de la thérapie EMDR ont vu leurs scores aux différentes échelles (ESPT, dépression, anxiété) baisser significativement, comparativement à ceux de la condition psychothérapie éclectique. Les deux approches psychothérapeutiques ont conduit à des scores significativement plus réduits après traitement que ceux obtenus par le groupe témoin. Ces effets se sont maintenus six mois après l’intervention. Enfin, les tailles d’effet pour les scores IES et STAI sont plus élevées pour les sujets traités avec la thérapie EMDR. Conclusion Cette étude a répondu à nos attentes montrant ainsi tout l’intérêt de l’approche EMDR.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing PTSD symptoms, anxiety and depression. Method: Thirty-six women participated in this study; 12 were treated with EMDR, 12 received eclectic psychotherapy, and 12 were assigned to the control group. Result: Women in the EMDR condition showed significantly reduced PTSD and anxiety compared with those in the eclectic psychotherapy condition. The two psychotherapy approaches led to significantly reduced scores (PTSD, depression, anxiety) after treatment compared to the control group. These effects were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. Finally, effect sizes for the IES and STAI scores were greater for the subjects in the EMDR condition. Conclusion: This study met our expectations in the sense that our findings confirm the advantages and the potential of EMDR.
Keywords: Anxiety Depression Domestic Violence Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
315. Vyas, K. J. (2008, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to decrease human immunodefiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors among Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). Presentation at the National Conference on Undergraduate Research, Salisbury University, MD.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Among Latino MSM, those who have reported early childhood sexual abuse continually report high levels of HIV risk behaviors. The objective of this study was to test if EMDR can be more effective as an HIV risk reduction behavioral intervention than a non-trauma based comparison, the Explore Study intervention. At a university-based outpatient clinic, 35 Latino MSM were randomized into Explore (n=13) and EMDR (n=22). The main outcome measure was a self-report questionnaire assessing unprotected anal sex, number of sexual partners, and use of substances before or during sexual activity during the previous month. Sexual risk behaviors were assessed at baseline, before randomization, and at one week post-intervention. Compared to baseline rates, participants who didn’t report unprotected receptive anal intercourse increased by 11% in Explore and decreased by 12% in EMDR. The corresponding comparisons for number of sexual partners were a 4% increase for Explore and a 41% decrease in EMDR. Explore and EMDR participants showed an increment of 25% and 9%, respectively, in those who denied having used alcohol or drugs before or during sexual activity. Follow-up data at 2 and 6 months post-intervention are being collected. This preliminary analysis suggests that certain HIV risk behaviors can be reduced by EMDR, while others can be equally reduced by more conventional interventions.
Keywords: AIDS HIV Latino
Accuracy Verified: No
316. Wittje-Berger, T. (2012). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) zur belastungsreduzierung bei kindern und jugendlichen in der integrativen lerntherapie [And reprocessing eye movement desensitization (EMDR) for stress reduction in children and adolescents in integrative learning therapy]. Aachen Verlag.

Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract:
Die Autorin untersucht in ihrer Forschungsarbeit den Einsatz der EMDR-Methode innerhalb der integrativen Lerntherapie zur gezielten Belastungsreduzierung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die EMDR-Methode gilt als effektives Psychotherapieverfahren insbesondere für posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. Für die EMDR-Arbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen werden weitere wissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeiten gefordert. Dazu leistet die vorliegende Pilotstudie ihren Beitrag. Die EMDR-Therapie bietet einen methodenübergreifenden Zugang. In dieser Untersuchung wurde der Versuch unternommen, die Belastungen und Auffälligkeiten der Kinder und Jugendlichen mit einem neuen (innovativen) lern- und psychotherapeutischen Therapiekonzept (Integrative Lerntherapie plus EMDR-Therapie) zu behandeln. ...In der ?Fazitfrage? zur Einschätzung der Belastung ihrer Kinder bemerkten die Eltern am Ende des Behandlungszeitraums mit EMDR eine signifikante Verringerung der Belastungen. Bei der Intervention ohne EMDR gab es nur geringfügige Veränderungen, die sogar auf eine leicht stärkere Belastung hinwiesen. Die Daten verdeutlichen, dass die durch die Eltern wahrgenommenen Belastungen ihrer Kinder nur bei zusätzlicher EMDR-Therapie reduziert wurden. Zusammenfassend sprechen die Erfahrungen mit der praktischen Durchführung der EMDR-Behandlungen innerhalb der integrativen Lerntherapie für das vorliegende Behandlungskonzept. Ein positiver Einfluss der EMDR-Therapie auf die Reduzierung von Belastungssymptomen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten sowie auf bessere schulische Leistungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen scheint gegeben. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse könnten sich im Rahmen eines Gesamtbehandlungsplanes als praxisrelevant für lerntherapeutische Institutionen und für den kreativen Einsatz der EMDR-Methode erweisen. Darüber hinaus ermutigen sie zur weiteren Forschung und Durchführung künftiger Projekte.

The author examines the use of their research in EMDR in the integrative learning for targeted therapy stress reduction in children and adolescents. The EMDR method is considered effective psychotherapy methods, particularly for post traumatic stress disorder in children, adolescents and adults. For the EMDR work with children and young people, further scientific research will be required. This makes the present pilot study their contribution. The EMDR therapy offers a cross-access methods. In this study, an attempt was made to the stresses and abnormalities in children and adolescents with a new (innovative) approach to learning and psychotherapeutic treatment (therapy plus learning Integrative EMDR therapy) to treat. ...In? Conclusion question? to assess the burden of their children, the parents noticed at the end of the period of treatment with EMDR, a significant reduction of stress. During the intervention without EMDR There were only slight changes were even able to load a slightly stronger. The data show that the perceived pressures from parents to their children only when additional EMDR therapy were reduced. To summarize the experiences speak to the practice of EMDR treatment within the integrative learning therapy for the treatment of this concept. A positive effect of EMDR therapy on the reduction of stress symptoms and behavioral problems as well as improved academic performance in children and adolescents seems to be given. The findings could prove to be part of an overall treatment plan as a practical therapeutic relevance to learning institutions and the creative use of the EMDR method. They also encourage further research and implementation of future projects.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Integrative Play Therapy Stress Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
317. Wittje-Berger, T. (2012). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) zur belastungsreduzierung bei kindern und jugendlichen in der integrativen lerntherapie [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for stress reduction in children and adolescents in the integrative learning therapy]. Zugl: Hamburg University.

Language: German
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Die Autorin untersucht in ihrer Forschungsarbeit den Einsatz der EMDR-Methode innerhalb der integrativen Lerntherapie zur gezielten Belastungsreduzierung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die EMDR-Methode gilt als effektives Psychotherapieverfahren insbesondere für posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. Für die EMDR-Arbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen werden weitere wissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeiten gefordert. Dazu leistet die vorliegende Pilotstudie ihren Beitrag. Die EMDR-Therapie bietet einen methodenübergreifenden Zugang. In dieser Untersuchung wurde der Versuch unternommen, die Belastungen und Auffälligkeiten der Kinder und Jugendlichen mit einem neuen (innovativen) lern- und psychotherapeutischen Therapiekonzept (Integrative Lerntherapie plus EMDR-Therapie) zu behandeln. ...In der ?Fazitfrage? zur Einschätzung der Belastung ihrer Kinder bemerkten die Eltern am Ende des Behandlungszeitraums mit EMDR eine signifikante Verringerung der Belastungen. Bei der Intervention ohne EMDR gab es nur geringfügige Veränderungen, die sogar auf eine leicht stärkere Belastung hinwiesen. Die Daten verdeutlichen, dass die durch die Eltern wahrgenommenen Belastungen ihrer Kinder nur bei zusätzlicher EMDR-Therapie reduziert wurden. Zusammenfassend sprechen die Erfahrungen mit der praktischen Durchführung der EMDR-Behandlungen innerhalb der integrativen Lerntherapie für das vorliegende Behandlungskonzept. Ein positiver Einfluss der EMDR-Therapie auf die Reduzierung von Belastungssymptomen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten sowie auf bessere schulische Leistungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen scheint gegeben. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse könnten sich im Rahmen eines Gesamtbehandlungsplanes als praxisrelevant für lerntherapeutische Institutionen und für den kreativen Einsatz der EMDR-Methode erweisen. Darüber hinaus ermutigen sie zur weiteren Forschung und Durchführung künftiger Projekte.

The author examines the use of their research in EMDR in the integrative learning for targeted therapy stress reduction in children and adolescents. The EMDR method is considered effective psychotherapy methods, particularly for post traumatic stress disorder in children, adolescents and adults. For the EMDR work with children and young people, further scientific research will be required. This makes the present pilot study their contribution. The EMDR therapy offers a cross-access methods. In this study, an attempt was made to the stresses and abnormalities in children and adolescents with a new (innovative) approach to learning and psychotherapeutic treatment (therapy plus learning Integrative EMDR therapy) to treat. ...In? Conclusion question? to assess the burden of their children, the parents noticed at the end of the period of treatment with EMDR, a significant reduction of stress. During the intervention without EMDR There were only slight changes were even able to load a slightly stronger. The data show that the perceived pressures from parents to their children only when additional EMDR therapy were reduced. To summarize the experiences speak to the practice of EMDR treatment within the integrative learning therapy for the treatment of this concept. A positive effect of EMDR therapy on the reduction of stress symptoms and behavioral problems as well as improved academic performance in children and adolescents seems to be given. The findings could prove to be part of an overall treatment plan as a practical therapeutic relevance to learning institutions and the creative use of the EMDR method. They also encourage further research and implementation of future projects.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Integrative Learning Therapy Stress Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
318. Shapiro, F., & Maxfield, L. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Clinical implications of an integrated psychotherapy treatment. Directions in Clinical and Counseling Psychology, 11(6), 59-71.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Directions in Clinical and Counseling Psychology: A collection of 12 lessons, this volume covers a wide range of concerns in mental health counseling. The lessons, which may be applied toward continuing education credits, are: (1) "Perspectives on the Essentials of Clinical Supervision" (Stephen A. Anderson); (2) "Adlerian Group Psychotherapy: A Brief Therapy Approach" (Manford A. Sonstegard, James Robert Bitter, Pari Peggy Pelonis-Peneros, and William G. Nicholl); (3) "Substance Abuse Treatment for Pregnant and Parenting Women" (Rivka Greenberg, Judith Fry McComish, and Jennifer Kent-Bryant); (4) "Family Therapy for with Lesbians and Gay Men" (Maeve Malley and Fiona Tasker); (5) "Psychological and Cognitive Correlates of Coping by Patients with Multiple Sclerosis" (William W. Beatty and Brian T. Maynard); (6) "Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Clinical Implications of an Integrated Psychotherapy Treatment" (Francine Shapiro and Louise Maxfield); (7) "Counseling Strategies with Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse" (Kathleen M. Palm and Victoria M. Follete); (8) "Identifying and Treating Body Dysmorphic Disorder" (Dean McKay); (9) "Masochistic Phenomena Reconceptualized as a Response to Trauma: Recovery and Treatment" (Elizabeth Howell); (10) "Counseling Poor, Abused, and Neglected Children in Fair Society" (Brenda Geiger); (11) "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Assessing Symptoms and Activity Levels for Treatment" (Constance W. Van der Eb and Leonard A. Jason); (12) "The Limitations of the DSM-IV as a Diagnostic Tool" (G. J. Tucker); and (Special Report) Jealousy, Communication, and Attachment Style (Laura K. Guerrero). Each lesson contains references. (ERIC ED464 291)
Keywords: Integrative Psychotherapy Approach
Accuracy Verified: Yes
319. Gupta, D., Tank, P., & Mehrotra, S. (2011, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A promising psychotherapeutic intervention. Presentation at the 63rd Annual National Conference of Indian Psychiatric Society, New Delhi, India.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It doesn’t matter how long the memories have been stored and for how long they have been exerting a negative effect on the child. Children reprocess their traumas more quickly in EMDR than in other therapies and becomes desensitized to the painful memories and images. The EMDR procedures results in: 1) Decreasing the vividness of disturbing memory, images and related affect. 2) Facilitating access to more adaptive information. 3) Forging new associations within and between memory networks.
Keywords: Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
320. Shapiro, F. (1996, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Evaluation of controlled PTSD research. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27(3), 209-218. doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(96)00029-8.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The complete controlled PTSD research on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is placed within the context of other methods used in the treatment of PTSD. A number of studies are presented that support EMDR as an empirically validated method. However, in several studies, clinical standards have not always been integrated with rigorous scientific methdology. The suggested standards include fidelity checks for the method being tested, the use of appropriate psychometrics, and assessment of co-morbidity factors. At the same time, because of common misconceptions about the method, a variety of problematic issues are discussed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults European Americans Arousal Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
321. Field, A., & Cottrell, D. (2011, November). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a therapeutic intervention for traumatized children and adolescents: A systematic review of the evidence for family therapists. Journal of Family Therapy, 33(4), 374-388. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6427.2011.00548.x.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new form of psychotherapy for post-traumatic symptoms of relevance to systemic therapists. The literature available on individual EMDR in traumatized children is reviewed in this article. A sample of eight studies was examined, consisting of three controlled trials, two uncontrolled studies and three case reports or series. The controlled trials compared EMDR with waiting list controls or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The study samples were small and their methodological quality variable. In all the studies, the results suggested a positive effect for EMDR but did not appear superior to CBT. It is therefore possible that systemic interventions may be improved by the integration of EMDR and family therapy with children and adolescents.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Family and Systemic Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
322. de Jongh, A. & Arts, B. (2004, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing bij PTSS [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in PTSD]. Patient Care/Neuropsychiatrie & Gedragsneurologie, 3, 61-65.

Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In de recente multidisciplinaire richtlijn angststoornissen wordt Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) aanbevolen als psychologische interventie bij de posttraumatische stress-stoornis. Wat houdt deze methode in? En welke bewijzen zijn er voor het effect?

In recent multidisciplinary guidelines anxiety disorder is Eye Movement desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as recommended psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder. What does this method? And what evidence is there for effect? [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
323. Reicherzer, S. (2011). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in counseling a male couple. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 111-120. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.111.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This practice-based article discusses the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in counseling “Paul“ and “Eddie“ (aliases), a couple for 4 years who presented with what they identified as “communication problems.“ Through the use of psychosocial assessments of the men's personal histories, it was determined that Paul's experience of feeling controlled and Eddie's struggles to believe that he mattered in the relationship were linked to traumatic memories in each man's childhood that related to his sexual identity development. EMDR was used to target the men's traumatic memories, alternating between Paul and Eddie. Following each EMDR treatment series, the work was integrated by talking through how the reprocessed material integrated into the overall couple experience, leading to both men's increased satisfaction in the relationship.
Keywords: Couple Counseling Gay Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
324. Hase, M. (2007). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in der qualifizierten entzugsbehandlung [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of qualified withdrawal]. Bundesdrogenkongresss, Mainz.

Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR ist eine anerkannte Methode der speziellen Psychotraumatherapie. Bei der Komorbidität von Traumafolgestörung und Abhängigkeit liegt der Einsatz der EMDR-Methode nahe. Dabei ist unter den engen zeitlichen Grenzen des qualifizierten Entzugs eine Anwendung kritisch zu diskutieren. Anhand von Fallbeispielen wird die Praxis einer Anwendung der EMDR-Methode im qualifizierten Entzug beschrieben. Neben der Behandlung der komorbiden Traumafolgestörung bietet sich mit einer Anwendung der EMDR-Methode auf das Suchtgedächtnis eine störungsspezifische Intervention an (Wolffgramm 2000). Daten einer Pilotstudie an Alkoholabhängigen scheinen die Annahme zu bestätigen (Hase 2006).

EMDR is an accepted method of special Psycho-trauma therapy. In the comorbidity of Traumatic stress disorder and is a function of Use of the EMDR method close. It is under the tight time limits of the qualified Withdrawn an application to discuss critical. Using case examples, the practice of Application of the EMDR method in the qualified Withdrawal described. Besides the treatment of comorbid traumatic stress disorder lends itself to a Application of the EMDR method to the Addiction memory interference-specific intervention to (Wolffgramm 2000). Data from a pilot study of alcohol abusers seem to accept to confirm (Hare 2006).
Keywords: Addiction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
325. Shepherd. J., & Stein, K. (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. Development and Evaluation Committee (Report No. 91). Bristol, UK: South and West Regional Health Authority [Southampton]: Wessex Institute for Health Research and Development.

Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
Objective/Purpose: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new form of psychotherapy designed to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, depression, avoidance of trauma related thoughts and intrusive memories associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Under therapist instruction, the patient makes rhythmic eye movements while imagining the traumatic event, designed to facilitate cognitive reprocessing to alleviate stress. Methods: Electronic searching of Medline, PsyClit, Health Star, CCTR, The National Research Register and a range of other databases was conducted. Once trials had been identified, data were extracted and methodological quality assessed. Cost-utility was estimated indirectly through consultation with expert clinicians. Costs per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gained were also calculated. Results: 12 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, comparing EMDR to alternative psychotherapy treatments; variants of EMDR; and to delayed treatment groups in various combinations. The trials are generally small, with partial blinding of outcome assessors, and in some cases with high attrition. Results suggest the EMDR may be effective at reducing symptoms up to 3 months after treatment in comparison to delayed treatment groups. Two studies suggest that EMDR is as effective as other psychotherapy treatments for PTSD, and 3 claim greater effectiveness. Cost per QALY ranged from Pounds 983 to Pounds 20,568. CONCLUSIONS: Further trials are needed with larger samples, and longer post-intervention measurement to assess maximum length of treatment effect, as well as to ascertain the effectiveness of different treatment components.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
326. Tufnell, G. (2005, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of pre-adolescent children with post-traumatic symptoms. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10(4), 587-600. doi:10.1177/1359104505056320.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article describes the treatment of PTSD using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with four pre-adolescent children. EMDR has been shown to bring rapid relief in adults with PTSD. Studies are beginning to show that it can also be useful in work with young children. However, the standard protocol requires some adjustment to make it suitable for use with young children. In addition, in situations where children have complex difficulties in addition to PTSD, EMDR may need to be used alongside other interventions within a complex treatment package. This study describes brief work carried out with four pre-adolescent children with PTSD. Three of these children had received no treatment despite suffering from significant and chronic symptoms for some years. One had suffered a recent traumatic bereavement. All had additional problems that required intervention. EMDR was used as part of a multimodal treatment package. In all cases, the children's PTSD symptoms resolved within 2-4 sessions of EMDR. The maximum total number of sessions was 7. The children's symptomatic improvements were maintained at 6-month follow-up. EMDR can be adapted for use with pre-adolescent children. It can provide rapid and lasting symptomatic relief. EMDR can be a useful part of a multi-modal treatment package for young children with PTSD and additional mental health problems. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Clinical Case Study Energy Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
327. Greenwald, R. (2006). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with traumatized youth. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 246-264). New York: Guilford Press. xx, 316 pp.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter provides an overview of how eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may be used to treat trauma/loss memories and related symptoms in children and adolescents. The literature on EMDR indicates not only that it works well, but that it may be more efficient than other methods. The reasons for its effect are unclear. Several cases are presented. It is important that clinicians receive formal training to use EMDR, and that it is integrated into a comprehensive trauma-informed treatment approach. [Text, p. 246]
Keywords: Bereavement Child Abuse Children Community Violence Effects Psychotherapeutic Processes Rape Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
328. Solomon, R. (2008, November). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Clinical case presentation. Master clinician series at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapeutic approach that conceptualizes current symptoms resulting from experiences that are inadequately processed; that is, “frozen” in the brain. When these inadequately stored memories are triggered, symptoms result (e.g. nightmares, flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, etc.). The EMDR protocol involves accessing the dysfunctionally stored information, stimulating the innate processing system through standardized protocols (including eye movements), allowing it to transmute the memory to an adaptive resolution. Processing is evident by a rapid progression of intrapsychic connections as emotions, insights, sensations and memories surface and change with each new set of bilateral stimulation. The mechanisms of action include adaptive information from other memory networks linking into the network holding the dysfunctionally stored information. There is a shifting of the information from implicit to episodic and then semantic memory. The memory is no longer isolated, and becomes appropriately integrated within the larger memory network. Hence, processing involves the forging of new associations and connections enabling learning to take place with the memory stored in a new adaptive form. This presentation will discuss the eight phases, three-pronged, EMDR treatment model and illustrate the dynamics of treatment through a video case presentation. Participant Alert: A taped session with a client who has experienced trauma will be presented.
Keywords: Eight Phases Master Series Three-Pronged Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
329. Welch, K. L., & Beere, D. B. (2002, May-June). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A treatment efficacy model. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9(3), 165-176. doi:10.1002/cpp.323.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), though controversial, is increasingly utilized for treatment of PTSD. This article reviews the debate concerning efficacy and concludes that the evidence, though not definitive, supports EMDR's positive treatment effects. The authors argue that EMDR is a therapeutic intervention different from exposure. The authors set forth three interrelated hypotheses to explain EMDR's therapeutic mechanism: bilateral hemispheric activation, normalized brain activation patterns, and activation/desensitization of emotion/arousal; avoidant/constricted attention is disrupted, allowing normalizing processes to occur. Lowered arousal then leads to a resumption of more adaptive cognitive processing. Some predictions to test this model are presented. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Evidence-Based Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
330. Zeper, R. S. (1996). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A multiple baseline study. The Union Institute, Cincinnati, OH. AAT 9701084.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was developed in 1987 by Francine Shapiro, as a modality for relieving anxiety, traumatic memories, intrusive thoughts, and reprocessing negative self-beliefs to positive self-beliefs. One of the most common uses of EMDR in recent years has been the treatment of PTSD.This current study investigated the effects of EMDR across a sample of 3 sexually abused women diagnosed with PTSD using a multiple baseline design across subjects. The study specifically focused on whether or not intervention with EMDR effects traumatic memory and negative/irrational cognitions, decreases stress or changes levels of anxiety, depression and heart rate. The study intended to assess the efficacy of EMDR while simultaneously reduce human suffering and answer some of the more serious criticisms which have blurred confidence in EMDR outcome research. Specifically, the study controlled for a number of the criticisms in the literature predominantly through a confirmation of an accurate PTSD diagnosis and through the use of a multiple baseline design. The multiple baseline design was applied sequentially to the same problem across different but matched subjects sharing the same environmental conditions. Heart rate level and well-known psychometrics were used to obtain baseline, intervention and post-intervention measures. Psychometric scores reflecting levels of depression, anxiety, and subjective levels of the impact of distress regarding the trauma were assessed along with the levels of anxiety currently experienced about the trauma and subjective ratings regarding the acceptance of the preferred, self-generated positive cognition. The measures used in this study were an initial clinical interview, an Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for the DSM-IV, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Wolpe's Subjective Unit of Disturbance Scale, Validity of Cognition, Impact of Event Scale and heart rate. The study reported descriptive statistics to analyze the multiple baseline study and to determine EMDR's clinical significance in treating PTSD. The effects of EMDR on the three PTSD subjects of this study demonstrated that meaningful changes occurred in several areas. Subjective disturbance and stress surrounding the traumatic memory decreased, positive self-cognitions increased, and both depression and anxiety levels decreased following EMDR treatment. No change in heart rate physiology occurred. All of the study's treatment measures were maintained at follow-up. The results of this study suggest that EMDR may be a powerful and effective intervention to reduce patient suffering in a relatively painless fashion. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 57(8-B), Feb 1997, pp. 5350.
Keywords: Adults Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
331. Lohr, J. M., Lilienfeld, S. O., Tolin D. F., & Herbert J. D. (1999, January-April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An analysis of specific versus nonspecific treatment factors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 185-207. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00047-4.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Incremental validity and incremental efficacy have become important issues in the evaluation of psychological assessment and intervention procedures. Incremental validity in assessment is that shown by novel measures over and above established ones. Incremental efficacy is that shown by novel treatments over and above nonspecific and established treatment effects. In this paper, we critically examine the question of whether Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) possesses efficacy above and beyond nonspecific treatment effects and components that are shared with well-established interventions. A review of recently published efficacy studies reveals that (a) the effects of EMDR are largely limited to verbal report indices, (b) eye movements and other movements appear to be unnecessary, and (c) reported effects are consistent with nonspecific treatment features. Examination of individual studies shows that control procedures for nonspecific features have been minimal. We analyze EMDR for nonspecific treatment features and suggest experimental controls to examine the incremental efficacy of EMDR. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
332. Devilly, G. J. (2002, Fall-Winter). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A chronology of its development and scientific standing. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 1(2), 113-138.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been hotly debated, with rhetoric often being posited as evidence either for or against the technique. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the procedure, a critical review of the studies completed to date, a meta-analytic review of the available data, and a chronology of the evolution of EMDR over the past 10 years. Treatment-outcome studies were of such disparate quality-even studies meeting similar broad criteria-that combining their results in a meta-analysis was of very questionable value. Overall, an appraisal of the published research supported the following conclusions: (1) There is overwhelming evidence that eye movements are neither a necessary nor a useful addition to the procedure; (2) there is strong and consistent evidence that EMDR is better than no treatment, yet only as good as any other treatment that utilizes some aspect of exposure therapy; and (3) there is strong evidence that a full-exposure-based intervention package is superior to EMDR. There is also some evidence that "reprocessing" is likewise superfluous to EMDR and that the effects of EMDR dissipate over time. It is also concluded that the current debate cannot be entirely settled through scientific investigation due to the rapid and constant reshaping of what constitutes EMDR, the similarity to extant alternative methods, and the lack of a falsifiable theory underpinning the procedure. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Chronology Research Science
Accuracy Verified: Yes
333. Taylor, S. (2001, Augusto). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Current debates and comparative efficacy. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(2), 169-178.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
For over a decade, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been used to treat symptoms of PTSD. While EMDR advocates have been enthusiastic of this treatment, EMDR critics have raised several important concerns. This article examines claims presented in this journal by two comentators; one an EMDR critic and the other an EMDR advocate. One argues that dismantling studies that test the effects of bilateral stimulation will end the EMDR controversy. While such studies will provide useful information, such studies are incapable of resolving the controversy. This is because there are several contentious issues concerning EMDR. For clinicians treating PTSD, perhaps the most important question concerns the efficacy of EMDR compared to other therapies. This issue is not addressed in dismantling studies. The other commentator claims that EMDR is the treatment of choice for PTSD. While the literature suggests that EMDR is a useful intervention, the available data does not support their claim. EMDR appears to be no more effective than well-established behavioural and cognitive-behavioural therapies, and there is no consistent evidence that EMDR works more quickly than other therapies. There are currently no empirical guidelines for deciding whether the first choice of treatment should be EMDR or some other intervention, such as behvioural or cognitve-behavioural therapy. Patient preference and therapist expertise in one treatment versus another are important considerations. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Debates Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
334. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1996, Summer). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Four case studies of a new tool for executive coaching and restoring employee performance after setbacks. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research, 48(3), 155-161.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) integrated into executive coaching are reported in 4 case studies illustrating varied job titles and industries. Participants received 1–10 hr of coaching in which EMDR was used to desensitize an upsetting event that had impaired their performance at work. Outcomes indicated that EMDR desensitized the disturbing incident and that participants shifted their negative view to a more positive one. Work performance was restored or enhanced. In the 4th case EMDR appeared to decrease anxiety about job interviewing and the participant reported a satisfactory result. Findings suggest that EMDR is a promising adjunct to coaching for workplace performance enhancement.
Keywords: Coaches Empirical Study Executive Coaching Job Performance Professional Consultation Professional Personnel Work Place Performance
Accuracy Verified: Yes
335. Paulsen, S. L. (1995, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Its cautious use in the dissociative disorders. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 8(1), 32-44.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is described in terms of clinical phenomena, the need for appropriate training in EMDR, and the consistency of neural network theory with BASK theory of dissociation. EMDR treatment failures occur in dissociative disorder patients when EMDR is used without making diagnosis of the underlying dissociative condition and without modifying the EMDR procedure to accommodate it. Careful informed consent and the use of the dissociative table technique can allow EMDR to move successfully to completion in a dissociative patient. Certain "red flags" contraindicate the use of EMDR for some dissociative patients. A protocol for EMDR with dissociative patients is offered, for crisis intervention (rarely appropriate), abreactive trauma work, and integration/fusion. The safety and effectiveness of EMDR's use in the dissociative disorders requires adequate preparation and skillful trouble-shooting during the EMDR. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Crisis Intervention Dissociative Disorders Females Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
336. Miller, J. R. (1994, September-October). Eye movement desensitization reprocessing: Application on the battlefield. Army Medical Department Journal, 33-36.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Battle fatigue is an exceptionally stressful condition that can be very difficult to treat. It is aprofessional opinion that recovery can be dramatically improved by the introduction of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing ( EMDR). Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, used in a far forward capacity during combat, can expedite the return to duty of soldiers who experience battle fatigue. More rigorous studies on the application of EMDR as a therapeutic intervention for combat stress and battle fatigue are suggested.
Keywords: Battlefield Military
Accuracy Verified: Yes
337. Young, W. (1995, Spring). Eye movement desensitization/reprocessing: Its use in resolving the trauma caused by the loss of a war buddy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 49(2), 282-291.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A case of refractory PTSD was treated with Eye Movement Desensitization/Reprocessing (EMDR). Within one 60-minute session there was a dramatic resolution of two traumatic memories that persisted at nine-month follow-up. Long-standing personality factors did not appear to change during this single-session intervention. This report supports the need for good controlled clinical studies on EMDR. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Americans Bereavement Case Report Males Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
338. Herbert, J. D., & Mueser, K. T. (1992, September). Eye movement desensitization: A critique of the evidence. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 23(3), 169-174. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(92)90033-F.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of eye movement desensitization (EMD), a novel intervention for traumatic memories and related conditions, is reviewed. The sparse research conducted in this area has serious methodological flaws, precluding definite conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the procedure. Clinicians are cautioned against uncritically accepting the clinical efficacy of EMD. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Literature Review Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
339. Taylor, S. (2002, January). An eye on EMDR, does controversial trauma therapy really work?: Con No miracle cure. Parkhurst Exchange, 20(1), 25.

Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
EMDR is a controversial but widely used method for treating PTSD and other psychiatric conditions. Controversy surrounding EMDR stems from two main sources. FIrst, it lacks convincing scientific rationale. The main intervention in EMDR requires the patient to recall trauma-related memories while also attending to some form of external oscillatory stimulation. This stimulation is typically induced by the therapist moving a finger from side to side, across the patient's field of vision, inducing eye movements. After each set of eye movements, the patient is asked to natice what memories, images, thoughts, or feelings arise, and then more sets of eye movements are induced until distress is reduced.
Keywords: Controversy Efficacy Flaw General Overview Outcome Studies
Accuracy Verified: Yes
340. Merckelbach, H., Hogervost, E., Kampman, M., & de Jongh, A. (1994, March). Eye-movement-desensitization heeft geen effect op emotionele reactiviteit van 'normale' proefpersonen [Eye movement desensitization has no effect on the emotional reactivity of normal test subjects]. Gedragstherapie, 27(1), 33-49.

Language: Dutch
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Verschillende single-case studies hebben gesuggereerd dat posttraumatische stress-symptomen en andere angst-gerelateerde problemen kunnen succesvol worden behandeld met een sessie van de oogbeweging desensibilisatie (EMD). Twee experimenten werden uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken of EMD de emotionele reactie van de normale proefpersonen beïnvloedt. In het eerste experiment kregen de proefpersonen (N = 40) blijkt een aversieve dia. Vervolgens helft van de proefpersonen ondergingen EMD, terwijl ze repeteerden de dia informatie, en de andere helft onderging een controle-procedure (dwz de vinger te tikken), terwijl het verbeelden van de glijbaan. Voor en na de interventie (dat wil zeggen, EMD vs vinger te tikken), werden de hartslag en de self-report gegevens die zijn verkregen terwijl proefpersonen repeteerde de dia. Er werd geen bewijs gevonden dat EMD de emotionele impact van de aversieve dia verlaagd. Het tweede experiment werd uitgevoerd langs dezelfde lijnen. Echter, dit keer proefpersonen (N = 28) repeteerde een pijnlijke gebeurtenis die zij onlangs had ervaren. Verder werd een cognitieve 'opwerking' component toegevoegd aan de EMD procedure. Toch heeft geen bevindingen ondersteunen het idee dat EMD emotionele reactiviteit remt om een grotere mate dan de vinger te tikken. Tezamen zijn de resultaten van beide experimenten niet bemoedigend, ze suggereren dat placebo-effecten en de vraag naar kenmerken rekening kan worden gehouden voor het spectaculaire succes van EMD.

Several single-case studies have suggested that posttraumatic stress symptoms and other anxiety-related problems can be successfully treated with one session of eye movement desensitization (EMD). Two experiments were carried out to examine whether EMD affects the emotional response of normal subjects. In the first experiment, subjects (N = 40) were shown an aversive slide. Next, half of the subjects underwent EMD while they rehearsed the slide information, and the other half underwent a control procedure (i.e., finger tapping) while imagining the slide. Before and after the intervention (i.e., EMD vs. finger tapping), heart rate and self-report data were obtained while subjects rehearsed the slide. No evidence was found to suggest that EMD reduced the emotional impact of the aversive slide. The second experiment was conducted along similar lines. However, this time subjects (N = 28) rehearsed an embarrassing event that they had recently experienced. Furthermore, a cognitive 'reprocessing' component was added to the EMD procedure. Nevertheless, findings did not support the idea that EMD inhibits emotional reactivity to greater extent than finger tapping. Taken together, the results of both experiments are not encouraging; they suggest that placebo effects and demand characteristics may account for the spectacular success of EMD.
Keywords: Aversive Stimulation Emotional Responses Eye Movements Systematic Desensitization Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
341. McDonnell, F. (2012, October). Facilitating EMDR with Ericksonian hypnosis. Presentation at the at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The spirit and principles of Ericksonian Hypnosis work well with other therapies and can be integrated effectively with the eight-phase EMDR protocol. The workshop will introduce some key concepts and elements of Ericksonian trance work. Conversational Ericksonian Hypnosis provides an elegant method for using metaphors and doing “parts work”, which can be combined with other interweaves. The application is particularly relevant where avoidance, ambivalence and blocking beliefs are an issue in treatment.
Keywords: Ericksonian Hypnosis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
342. Gomory, T. (2001, January ). A fallibilistic response to Thyer’s theory of theory-free empirical research in social work practice. Journal of Social Work Education, 37(1), 26-50.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The author responses to the professor B.A. Thyer's theory of theory-free empirical research in social work practice. Thyer provides a number of examples in the present article, several apparently by his doctoral students. It is not quite clear what he means when he offers them in the spirit of these contemporary qualitative times as anecdotal examples of this distortion of the research process, except to suggest that these case examples are just personal reflections and are not therefore to be taken seriously. That would be most unempirical and to no point. It seems at least to this reviewer that a set of theoretical conjectures formalized in a treatment package was being tested, perhaps something to the effect that the provision of education about the consequence of compliance or noncompliance together with case management support and reminders will significantly improve maternal compliance. Thyer apparently doesn't recognize this as theory testing or using theory, but he would need to spell out specifically why, for example, case management is a theory-free intervention.[Author's abstract]
Keywords: Theory-Free Empirical Research Thyer
Accuracy Verified: Yes
343. Zampieri, M. A. J. (2007, Novembro). Família e co-dedependência [Family and co-dependency]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasilia, Brasil .

Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Apresentação de aplicação do EMDR em terapia de casais, famílias e sistemas no tratamento em contextos que apresentem padrões de co-dependência. A autora se apóia na descrição de manifestações sistêmicas da co-dependência já publicada e demonstra como a intervenção com EMDR pode ser empregada individualmente e adaptada em grupo. Apresentam-se exemplos de casos em tratamento de abuso de substâncias na co-dependência familiar e na co-dependência sócio-institucional no acompanhamento de profissionais do Conselho Tutelar. Espera-se que ao término da atividade o participante formado em EMDR seja capaz de identificar manifestações da co-dependência, nomear tais princípios num plano de intervenção com uso do EMDR na família ou na instituição.

Submission of application of EMDR in couples therapy, family systems and the treatment in environments that present standards co-dependency. The author relies on the description systemic manifestations of codependency already published and demonstrates how the intervention EMDR can be used individually and adapted group. There are examples of cases of substance abuse treatment in family co-dependency and codependency socio-institutional follow-up professionals from the Guardianship Council. It is expected that the end of the activity the participant made in EMDR is able to identify events of co-dependency, appoint such principles in a intervention plan with the use of EMDR in the family or institution.
Keywords: Co-Dependency Family
Accuracy Verified: Yes
344. Affonso, S. D. S. (2012, Novembro). Família vítima de sequestro em cativeiro: Intervenção com EMDR e protocolo grupal integrativo como prevenção do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático [Family kidnap victim in captivity: Intervention with EMDR protocol and group integrative prevention of disorder like post-traumatic stress]. In EMDR em traumas. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Introdução: Caso de sequestro familiar onde pai e dois filhos pequenos ficaram em cativeiro por 19 horas. Mãe teve que acompanhar os outros assaltantes durante toda a ação criminosa sob ameaça de morte. Objetivo: Reestruturação da dinâmica familiar pós-trauma de sequestro por meio da aplicação do EMDR, Grupal (PGI) e sistêmico familiar como recurso teórico e prático da resolução do trauma. Justificativa: Aplicação do EMDR como instrumento eficaz e mediador em situações de sequestro familiar, minimizando suas consequências. Empoderar a família para uma reorganização segura reincorporando as atividades do cotidiano e as biopsicossociais. Os componentes desta família foram vítimas de violência urbana com abusos emocionais físicos e ameaças de morte constantes. Metodologia: Foram realizado sete atendimentos. O primeiro com o Protocolo Grupal Integrativo (Suds e Voc - projeção do futuro com 03 membros da família) e o restante com o EMDR individual (CN-CP-Voc-E-S-Suds) e Sistêmico Familiar. Período de julho a novembro de 2011 em consultório particular na região de São Paulo. Conclusão: ao término dos atendimentos foi possível observar a capacidade de reorganização da dinâmica familiar com a resolução dos traumas por meio da aplicação do EMDR. Possibilitando o retorno gradativo dos filhos às atividades diárias e escolares, com o término dos pesadelos e comportamentos fisiológicos decorrentes do trauma sofrido, confirmando, assim, a potencialidade que o EMDR individual, grupal fortalecem e recuperam a reestruturação familiar pós-trauma em sequestro.

Introduction: Case of kidnapping family where father and two small children were in captivity for 19 hours. Mother had to follow the other robbers throughout the criminal action under threat of death. Objective: Restructuring family dynamics posttraumatic sequestration through the application of EMDR Group (PGI) and systemic family as a resource of theoretical and practical resolution of trauma. Rationale: Application of EMDR as an effective tool and mediator in situations of family abduction, minimizing their consequences. Empower the family to secure a reorganization reincorporating everyday activities and biopsychosocial. The components of this family were victims of urban violence with physical and emotional abuse constant death threats. Methods: We conducted seven sessions. The first Protocol to the Integrative Group (Suds and Voc - projection of the future with 03 family members) and the rest with the individual EMDR (CN-CP-You-ES-Suds) and Systemic Family. From July to November 2011 in private practice in the region of São Paulo. Conclusion: At the end of the visits was possible to observe the ability of reorganization of family dynamics with the resolution of trauma through the application of EMDR. Allowing the gradual return of the children to their daily activities and school, with the end of nightmares and physiological behaviors resulting from trauma, thereby confirming the potential that the EMDR individual, group and strengthen the family restructuring recover post-trauma in kidnapping.
Keywords: Family Restructuring Trauma Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
345. Taylor, R. J. (2003, September). Family unifications with reactive attachment disorder: Children – A brief treatment approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation will discuss the symptomology of reactive attachment disorder in children and the effects on the family. In addition, the presentation will focus on the treatment mileau of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and how it may be used in the treatment of reactive attachment disorder in children. The discussion also will include a case study of a family with a child age 8 with reactive attachment disorder and the subsequent individual and family therapy. Treatment of choice was EMDR for the child and supportive therapy for the parents. Qualitative evaluation of the process demonstrated that the parents observed an instant changing in the child's attitude. The child reported that she felt better about herself, family, school, and truthfulness. Her statement about the therapy: "It opened a windown for me." In relation to outcomes, a 12 and 24-month evaulation demonstrated continued positive effects. The importance of working with the family in understanding the dynamics of reactive attachement disorder and how improvement occurs will be discussed. Objectives of the session will be to give clinical information to practitioners about children with reactive attachment disorder, how this disorder affects the family, and possible therapeutic intervention techniques to open a diaglogue that will lead to understanding children who are in treatment.
Keywords: Attachment Disorders Educational Counseling Family Therapy Family Unification Individual Psychotherapy Parent Child Relations RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
346. McNally, R. J., & Solomon, R. M. (1999, February). The FBI’s Critical Incident Stress Management program. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 68(2), 20-26.

Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a component of the FBI's integrated response to critical incidents. A therapeutic method that must be administered only by mental health professionals trained in the procedure, EMDR frequently accelerates the treatment of trauma. Reportedly, EMDR stimulates the brain's natural information-processing mechanisms, allowing the ÒfrozenÓ traumatic information to be processed normally and achieve integration. 8 Negative images often fade; negative emotions subside. Irrational thoughts give way to appropriate, adaptive thoughts and interpretations (e.g., I did the best I could...I survived and I am now safe...I can exercise control). With EMDR, an individual discards what is not useful (e.g., irrational thoughts, distressing emotions, intrusive images), retains what is useful, and learns from the event, as the following hypothetical example illustrates.
Keywords: Critical Incident Stress FBI Recent Events
Accuracy Verified: Yes
347. Miller, R. (2005). The feeling-state theory of compulsions and cravings and decreasing compulsions and cravings using an eye movement protocol. Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA. AAT 3166384.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Compulsions and cravings such as gambling and sex compulsions have been the subject of behavioral and psychodynamic treatment. This study formulates a new theory of compulsions and cravings, called the Feeling-State Theory of Compulsions, and utilizes a technique called the Eye Movement Compulsion Protocol (EMCP) for decreasing both the feelings and behavior. The Feeling-State Theory postulates that positive feelings and behavior are fixated in the body during an intense experience, creating the feeling-state. The result is that, when the person desires that feeling again, the feeling-state including the behavior is recapitulated. Just as the use of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to reduce Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the EMCP technique utilizes eye movements to decrease the feeling-state associated with compulsions. The present study utilizes a multiple baseline single case research design with 4 subjects. Skin conductance levels (SCL) and a self-report scale (SUES) are the dependent variables. Two of the subjects provide support for both the theory and the EMCP technique. Both the change in SCL and the SUES values for 1 compulsion are clearly decreased post-intervention while the other compulsions values remain relatively stable. One of the other 2 subjects provided less clear support for the theory and technique but reveals some unexpected interactions between compulsions. The other subject's baseline values did not remain stable enough for a clear result but did not contradict the results of the other subjects. The conclusion is reached that the overall results of the study support the Feeling-State Theory of Compulsions and the usefulness of the EMCP technique to decrease compulsions and cravings. Although the findings in this study can not be conclusive because of the small number of subjects, the results do open up new approaches for research. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 66(2-B), 2005, pp. 1178.
Keywords: Compulsions Craving Empirical Study Eye Movements Pathological Gambling
Accuracy Verified: Yes
348. Brown, L. S. (2002). Feminist therapy and EMDR: theory meets practice. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 263-287). Washington: American Psychological Association.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter includes a review of certain core concepts of feminist therapy theory and an exploration of how EMDR can be integrated into feminist practice as a means of operationalizing that theory. Because feminist therapy is inherently technically eclectic, embracing interventions ranging from the psychodynamic to the most radically behavioral, the question to be addressed regarding EMDR as a feminist practice is whether its use in therapy supports feminist models of change. In feminist practice, that question is the boundary condition for inclusion of a strategy: Can its use promote feminist models and outcomes? Not every way of practicing therapy does this, and some strategies, particularly those that emphasize strategic approaches in which therapists intentionally use their power over the client, are per se problematic. However, EMDR seems to fall easily within the parameters of feminist practice and even in the hands of nonfeminist therapists advances the goals of feminist social and personal change that are at the core of feminist therapy models. In arguing that EMDR does support feminist strategies, this chapter explores the way feminist practice conceptualizes the notions of change and goodness of outcome. To some degree, these notions are very similar to those of nonfeminist therapies, and in other respects they are radically different. [Text, p. 266]
Keywords: Adults Feminist Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
349. Mankuta, D., Aziz-Suleyman, A., Yochail, L., & Allon, M. (2012, November). Field evaluation and treatment of short-term psycho-medical trauma after sexual assault in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Israel Medical Assocation Journal, 14, 653-657.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: During the horrific war in the Democratic Republic of Congo during the years 1996–2007 the number of casualties is estimated to be 5.4 million. In addition, 1.8 million women, children and men were raped, many as a social weapon of war. Many of these women still suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mutilated genitals. Objectives: To assess a short-term interventional team for the evaluation and treatment of sexual trauma victims. Methods: The intervention program comprised four components: training the local staff, medical evaluation and treatment of patients, psychological evaluation and treatment of trauma victims, and evacuation and transport of patients with mutilated genitals. A diagnostic tool for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – the Impact Event Scale (IES) – was used. The psychological treatment was based on EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) principles. Using questionnaires, the information was obtained from patients, medical staff and medical records. Results: Three primary care clinics were chosen for intervention. Of the 441 women who attended the clinics over a period of 20 days, 52 women were diagnosed with severe PTSD. Psychological intervention was offered to only 23 women because of transport limitations. The most common medical problems were pelvic inflammatory disease and secondary infertility. Nine patients suffered genital mutilation and were transferred for surgical correction. The 32 local nurses and 2 physicians who participated in the theoretical and practical training course showed improved knowledge as evaluated by a written test. Conclusions: With the short-term interventional team model for sexual assault victims the combined cost of medical and psychological services is low. The emphasis is on training local staff to enhance awareness and providing them with tools to diagnose and treat sexual assault and mutilation.
Keywords: Congo IES Impact of Event Scale Sexual Assault Trauma Violence
Accuracy Verified: No
350. Morris-Smith, J. (2012, June). Footsteps into the future: EMDR for children and families using a neurodevelopmental perspective [Pasos hacia el futuro: EMDR para niños y familias desde una perspectiva del neurodesarrollo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The acquisition of clinical skills in developing successful EMDR therapeutic practices is in itself a journey of discovery. Each step forward brings new clinical puzzles, challenges and insights: why are some individuals able to use the EMDR therapy more smoothly that others; what is the role of attachment; how are preverbal memories made and how do they become accessible to verbal recall with EMDR therapy; what is the developmental role of dissociation and why do some evolve into coherent, integrated individuals whilst others develop pathological dissociation? This paper presents a neurodevelopmental approach to inform our clinical practice of EMDR therapy with children, adolescents and adults. Brain development is affected by both genetic and environmental factors and included in the latter are: the family milieu, physical illness, toxins and developmental opportunities. During development the brain organizes from the bottom to the top with the lower parts of the brain developing earliest. The majority of the brain organization takes place during the first 4 years of life. Development of the brain in childhood unfolds in a series of stages with higher cortical areas entering final developmental processes much later in childhood and into early adulthood. How to integrate neurodevelopmental aspects with our EMDR clinical practice to develop healthier positive future trajectories for children, adolescents and their families is discussed. This paper will be illustrated by the use of video clips and case material.

La propia adquisición de las habilidades clínicas para desarrollar prácticas terapéuticas de EMDR de éxito es de por sí, un viaje de descubrimiento. Cada paso hacia delante nos plantea nuevos rompecabezas, retos, y conocimientos clínicos: ¿Por qué algunos individuos encuentran menos obstáculos en la aplicación de terapia con EMDR que otros?; ¿Cuál es la función del apego?; ¿Cómo se forman los recuerdos preverbales y cómo se accede a ellos mediante el recuerdo verbal con la terapia con EMDR?; ¿Qué papel desempeña la disociación en el desarrollo y por qué algunas personas se convierten en individuos coherentes e integrados mientras que otros desarrollan una disociación patológica? Esta ponencia pretende presentar un planteamiento desde el neurodesarrollo para instruir nuestra práctica clínica de terapia con EMDR con niños, adolescentes y adultos. El desarrollo cerebral se ve afectado por factores tanto genéticos como ambientales; entre éstos últimos se incluyen: el entorno familiar, las enfermedades físicas, las toxinas y las oportunidades de desarrollo. Durante el período de desarrollo, el cerebro organiza desde abajo hacia arriba, siendo las áreas inferiores del cerebros las que primero se desarrollan. La mayor parte del desarrollo cerebral ocurre durante los cuatro primeros años de vida. El desarrollo del cerebro durante la infancia sucede en una serie de etapas, entrando las áreas corticales superiores en los últimos procesos de desarrollo, mucho más tarde en la infancia y al principio de la vida adulta. Se abordan las cuestiones de cómo integrar aspectos de neurodesarrollo en nuestro trabajo clínico con EMDR para poder desarrollar trayectorias más sanas y positivas para el futuro para los niños, adolescentes y sus familias. Se emplearán grabaciones en vídeo y notas clínicas para ilustrar esta ponencia.
Keywords: Children Families Neurodevelopment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
351. Russell, M. C., & Friedberg, F. (2010). Formation, accès au traitement et recherche sur les interventions dans les cas de trauma dans les forces armées [Training, access to treatment and intervention research in cases of trauma in the military]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(2), 18E-26E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.2.E18.

Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Depuis 2001, les guerres en Irak et en Afghanistan exercent une pression considérable sur la médecine militaire pour gérer efficacement la demande croissante de soins en santé mentale du personnel déployé. Cet article examine la capacité du Ministère de la défense des Etats-Unis à fournir des services de santé mentale de qualité en fonction de la disponibilité (a) de la formation clinique, (b) des interventions en santé mentale et (c) de la recherche subventionnée portant sur les traitements de l'état de stress post-traumatique. Alors que des progrès notables ont été réalisés au niveau de l'accès au traitement cognitivo-comportemental et des études dans ce domaine, l'Intégration neuro-émotionnelle par les stimulations bilatérales alternées ou EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) est beaucoup moins disponible - peut-être à cause de la controverse actuelle qui entoure la technique. Nous suggérons qu'une meilleure disponibilité des traitements comportementaux basés sur les données probantes, peut-être par le biais de la poursuite d'un récent programme régional de formation, serait bénéfique pour les vétérans qui y ont aujourd'hui peu accès.

Since 2001, wars in Iraq and Afghanistan is considerable pressure on military medicine to effectively manage the growing demand for mental health of deployed personnel. This article examines the capacity of the Ministry of Defence of the United States to provide mental health services quality depending on availability (a) of clinical training, (b) mental health interventions and (c) sponsored research into the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. While significant progress has been achieved in access to cognitive behavioral treatment and studies in this field, neuro-emotional integration by alternating bilateral stimulation or EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing &) is much less available - perhaps because of the current controversy surrounding the art. We suggest that greater availability of behavioral treatments based on evidence, perhaps through the continuation of a recent regional training program would be beneficial for veterans who now have little access.
Keywords: Military Training Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
352. Adler-Tapia, R. L., & Settle, C. S. (2009, March). The full works. Counselling Children and Young People, 12-15.

Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Whether you are first learning about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) or you have participated in EMDR training, the goal of this article is to provide the reader with a brief overview of strategies for using the full protocol with young children. To understand the process by which the phases of the protocol are applied with child clients, it is important to understand the theoretical underpinnings that Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory creates as a foundation for healing and health with children. After discussing the application of AIP to children, the article will continue with an overview of skills therapists can use to create a toolbox that can be integrated into the EMDR eight phase treatment protocol with references for additional study and training on using EMDR with children. Finally, therapists will begin to learn how to adapt the full EMDR protocol for effective psychotherapy through developmentally suited language and interventions with even the youngest of clients.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Children Child Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
353. Imbroinise, F. (2008, June). The function of the EMDR approach as an anamnestic and therapeutic tool in paediatrics - psychosocial unit. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
652 children were treated during 2007 in our Paediatrics - psychosocial unit. The EMDR approach was a means to do the history taking and anamnesis and it was used as well as an intervention methodology for all pathologies and disturbances. Our clients received EMDR as inpatients in our war or as outpatients referred by the community paediatric services. Our therapeutical programme includes a detailed anamnesis done together with both parents or with caregivers if the child is very small or with the child himself if he’s able to provide the information. History taking with the EMDR approach is an unique opportunity for the family to focus on family life and its dynamics, and to analyse their unbalanced relational and affective patterns, which they are not always aware of. Subsequently a therapeutical programme is outlined where EMDR is presented as a treatment method to face and resolve the presenting complaints. This therapeutical approach facilitates the symptomatology resolution and is useful to develop a more aware vision of their own family dynamics. Another beneficial effect is to promote a greater psychophysical wellbeing for the client, providing a new meaning to the somatic disorder and helping the family to understand and manage their child’s problems in a more functional way. This poster describes all phases of the intervention and the disorders treated in our unit with EMDR. [There are three PDF files.]
Keywords: Anamnesis Children Pediatrics
Accuracy Verified: Yes
354. Smyth, N., de Jongh, A., Greenwald, R., Reves, L. A., & Rogers, S. (1999, June). The future of EMDR clinical research: Where are we? Where do we next need to go?. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) summarize what is currently known about EMDR from the last decade of research; 2) discuss at least three methodological problems that appear in some of the published EMDR research; 3) describe the methodological requirements for well done EMDR intervention research; and 4) identify a minimum of three recommended directions for future EMDR research.
Keywords: Methodological Problems Methodological Requirements Recommended Directions Research Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
355. Greenwald, R. (2002, June). Getting to EMDR: Structuring treatment so that EMDR fits in. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The commonly-reported difficulty in identifying opportunties to use EMDR reflects the fact that relatively few EMDR-trained clinicians were previously trauma specialists. This workshop will present a comprehensive model of trauma-informed treatment that will help participants to utilize their preferred orientation and methods in a manner conducive to trauma treatment and to EMDR. Participants will learn specific interventions to help their clients understand why EMDR can help them to resolve their presenting problem. Participants will learn a conceptual framework with which to organize and sequence a range of intervention to prepare their clients for EMDR. Participants will learn specific interventions to prepare their clients for EMDR. This workshop is appropriate for clinicians working with children, adolescents, and adults wilth a range of presenting problems (not just PTSD).
Keywords: General Trauma-Informed Interventions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
356. Cairella, C. (2012, June). Getting to the heart of the matter: Using EMDR effectively with couples [Llegando al corazón del problema: El empleo efectivo de EMDR con parejas]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation outlines how EMDR and Couple's Therapy can be integrated in the field of psychotherapy. The audience will learn how to conduct a couple's therapy session based on the 8 Phases of the EMDR protocol. During this presentation, video recordings will be provided to demonstrate how EMDR can be used in the couple's therapy setting when emotionally disruptive events, such as infidelity, attachment injuries or childhood trauma have negatively affected the relationship. Couples therapy examines the negative cycle that occurs within the relationship, helps to deepen the couple's awareness of both their internal experience and the experience of their partner, and to cultivate intimacy within the relationship. However, if the couple is unable to tolerate their own anxiety or the distress of their partner, their mid-brain can become emotionally charged, thus leading to further discord within the relationship. Based on the AIP model, if either one or both members of the relationship are being triggered by unresolved past traumatic events both parties can become activated. Since the initial perceptions, emotions and distorted thoughts are stored as they were experienced at the time of the event, the couple can get caught in an unending negative cycle that further exacerbates the anxiety and distress in the relationship. By integrating EMDR in Couple's Therapy we hypothesize that EMDR helps to both increase one’s ability to tolerate anxiety and decrease the intensity of past traumatic events and present day triggers, thus decreasing the level of distress in the relationship.

Esta presentación esboza cómo se puede integrar EMDR y la terapia de pareja en el campo de la psicoterapia. Los participantes aprenderán a llevar a cabo una sesión terapéutica de pareja sobre la base de las 8 fases del protocolo de EMDR. Durante esta presentación, se ofrecerán vídeos para demostrar cómo se puede utilizar EMDR en el contexto de una terapia de pareja cuando han afectado la relación de forma negativa eventos emocionalmente perturbadores, como la infidelidad, daños al apego o trauma infantil. La terapia de pareja examina el ciclo negativo que se da dentro de la relación, ayuda a profundizar la conciencia de la pareja tanto de su experiencia interna y la experiencia del otro miembro de la pareja y a cultivar la intimidad dentro de la relación. Sin embargo, si la pareja no es capaz de tolerar su propia ansiedad o el estrés de su pareja, se les puede quedar cargado el cerebro medio y así, provocar más discordia dentro de la relación. De acuerdo con el modelo AIP, si eventos traumáticos sin resolver “disparan” a un miembro de la relación o a ambos, pueden activarse ambas personas. Desde las primeras percepciones, se guardan las emociones y pensamientos distorsionados igual que se vivieron en el momento del suceso, la pareja puede acabar atrapada en un ciclo negativo sin fin que agudiza aún más la ansiedad y el estrés en la relación. Al integrar EMDR en la terapia de pareja, nuestra hipótesis es que EMDR contribuye tanto a aumentar la capacidad de la persona a tolerar la ansiedad, como a disminuir la intensidad de los sucesos traumáticos pasados y los desencadenantes actuales y así, reducir el nivel de estrés dentro de la relación.
Keywords: Couples
Accuracy Verified: Yes
357. van Rens, L. W., de Weert-van Oene, G. H., van Oosteren, A. A., & Rutten, C. (2012). Gevalsbeschrijving - Klinische behandeling van posttraumatische stressstoornis bij patiënten met ernstige dubbele diagnose [Case Study - Clinical treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with serious dual diagnosis problems]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 54(4), 383-388.

Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Three patients with severe addiction problems, early sexual trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD comorbid psychotic vulnerability and personality problems received integrated treatment following admission to a clinic specialising in the care of patients with a dual diagnosis. Treatment was administered in accordance with current guidelines and involved either imaginal exposure or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing EMDR, integrated with relapse management of addiction problems. It is concluded that the current evidence-based guidelines regarding PTSD and addiction can also be applied successfully and effectively to an extremely vulnerable patient population.
Keywords: Dual Diagnosis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
358. Guner, O., Pamuk, S., & Dincer-Genc, N. (2006, June). A group intervention program for children living in the Maramara region of Turkey, three years after the earthquake. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Earthquake Marmara Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Recent Events Turkey
Accuracy Verified: Yes
359. Connor, P. K. (2005). Guideline-based programs in the treatment of complex PTSD. Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The term “post-traumatic stress disorder” (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnostic label, being formally recognized in 1980 in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Illness – Third Edition (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980). Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CP) is a more recently discussed, and newly-classified, phenomenon, initially discussed in the early 1990s (Herman, 1992a). Thus, as research into effective treatments for CP is sparse, the treatment of CP is the topic of this study, in which a guideline-based treatment program developed by the researcher for the treatment of CP is implemented and evaluated. Ten individuals participated in this study, undertaking individualized, guideline-based treatment programs spanning a period of six months. In providing background information relevant to this study, an explanation is provided regarding the nature of CP, and the reasons for its consideration as a separate phenomenon to PTSD. The adequacy of the PTSD formulation in enabling effective assessment and treatment of CP is also explored, with endorsement of previous researchers’ conclusions that the CP construct is more useful than the PTSD construct for assessing and treating survivors of long-term and multiple forms of abuse. The PTSD classification is restrictive, and not necessarily appropriate for certain forms of trauma (such as prolonged trauma, or multiple forms of trauma), as such trauma experiences may lead to specific effects that lay outside those formerly associated with PTSD. Such effects include alterations in affect regulation, consciousness, self-perception, interpersonal relationships, and in systems of meaning. Following discussion regarding the PTSD/CP classification, an examination of treatment methods currently used in the treatment of PTSD, and a review of treatment outcome studies, takes place. The adequacy of primary treatment methods in treating CP symptoms is then examined, with the conclusion that a range of treatment methods could potentially be useful in the treatment of CP symptoms. Individuals with a diagnosis of CP may benefit from the adoption of an eclectic approach, drawing on different treatment options for different symptoms, and constantly evaluating client progress and re-evaluating interventions. This review of treatment approaches is followed by details of an initial study undertaken to obtain feedback from individuals who had suffered long-term/multiple trauma and who had received treatment. Participants in this initial study were asked open-ended questions regarding the treatment approach they had experienced, the most useful aspect of the treatment, the least useful aspect, and other strategies/treatment approaches that may have been useful – but which were not used. The feedback obtained from these individuals was used to inform the development of treatment guidelines for use in the main study, as were recommendations made by Chu (1998). The predominant focus of the treatment guidelines was “ego strengthening”, a term coined by Chu (1998) to describe the “initial (sometimes lengthy) period of developing fundamental skills in maintaining supportive relationships, developing self-care strategies, coping with symptomatology, improving functioning, and establishing a positive self identity” (p.75). Using a case study approach, data are then presented relating to each of the ten individuals involved in the treatment program: details of his/her trauma experience(s)and the impact of the trauma (as perceived by each individual); details of each individual’s treatment program (as planned, and as implemented); post-treatment evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of the treatment program (from the therapist’s perspective); and details of the symptoms reported by the individual post-treatment, via psychometric assessment and also during interview. Analysis and discussion of the data relating to the ten participants in the study are the focal point of this study. The evaluation of the effectiveness of each individual’s treatment has been based predominantly on qualitative data, obtained from an analysis of language (discourse analysis) used by participants to describe their symptoms pre- and post-treatment. Both blatant and subtle changes in the language used by participants to describe themselves, their behaviour, and their relationships pre- and post-treatment have provided an insight into the possible changes that occurred as a result of the treatment program. The language used by participants has been a rich source of data, one that has enabled the researcher to obtain information that could not be obtained using psychometric assessment methods. Most of the participants in this study portrayed notable changes in many of the CP symptoms, including being more stable and having improved capacity to explore their early abuse. Although no direct cause-effect relationship between the participants’ treatment program and the improvements described can be established from this study, the participants’ perception that the program assisted them with their symptoms, and reported many aspects of “ego strengthening”, is of major importance. Such self-perception of strength and empowerment is important if an individual is going to be able to deal with past trauma experiences. In fact, abreactive work may have a greater chance of succeeding if those who have experienced long-term or multiple trauma are feeling more empowered, and more stable, as were the participants in this study (post-intervention). In concluding this study, recommendations have been made in regard to the use of guideline-based treatment programs in the responsible treatment of CP. Strengths and limitations of this study have also been highlighted, and recommendations have been made regarding possibilities for future research related to CP treatment. On the whole, this study has supported strongly other research that highlights the importance of focusing on “ego strengthening” in assisting those who have suffered long-term/multiple trauma experiences. Thus, a guideline-based program focusing on assisting sufferers of long-term trauma with some, or all, of the symptoms of CP, is recommended as an important first stage of any treatment of individuals who have experienced long-term/multiple trauma, allowing them to develop the emotional and psychological strength required to deal with past traumatic events. Clinicians who are treating patients whose history depicts long-term or multiple trauma experiences (either from their childhood, or at some stage in their adult life) need, therefore, to be mindful of assessing individuals for symptoms of CP – so that they can treat these symptoms prior to engaging in any work associated directly with the past traumatic experiences. [Author abstract]
D.H.Sc.(Psych.) thesis, School of Psychology.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
360. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2009). Healing the origins of trauma: An introduction to EMDR in psychotherapy with children and adolescents. In A. Rubin & D. W. Springer (Eds.) Treatment of traumatized adults and children - Clinician's guide to evidence-based practice series (pp. 349-418). New York, NY: Wiley.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
What if the brain had a similar mechanism for healing psychological injuries as the body does, just like a finger can heal a cut? Imagine tapping into that healing process in the brain and helping a child who witnessed her brother accidentally killed by a school bus, who then developed a school phobia, be able to return to school and eliminate her depression. What if you could help a foster child with a history of severe and chronic abuse, reduce his disruptive symptoms within a 9-month period so that he could stabilize and be adopted? Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can be used in psychotherapy to help children heal from stressful experiences of both traumatic and developmental origins. And, while EMDR is not a magic wand, it is remarkable in its efficiency in reducing or eliminating significant mental health symptoms and healing the origins of trauma. This chapter is written for clinicians who have had little or no exposure to the EMDR treatment methodology or for those who may have wondered what it is and how it works. The goal of this chapter is to summarize the use of EMDR with children with case presentations woven through the steps of the EMDR protocol. As a potential paradigm shift for child and adolescent therapists who have been trained in child development and play therapy, this chapter will not only explain why EMDR with children and adolescents makes sense, but why EMDR is the treatment of choice for many children presenting with symptoms of trauma. The experienced child therapist will also learn how child development, play therapy, and other child-focused therapies can be integrated to overall case conceptualization with the eight phases of the EMDR protocol. Initially, this chapter provides a brief description of EMDR. While Chapter 5 covered EMDR with adult clients, this chapter will focus on translating the EMDR protocol into child language from a developmentally grounded perspective for use with child clients. Given that focus, this chapter will minimize coverage of generic EMDR content that was already covered in Chapter 5. However, some overlap is inescapable. For example, like Chapter 5, this chapter will address the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory that underlies the eight phases of the EMDR treatment protocol. This chapter also includes a brief theoretical overview of trauma and the impact on neurodevelopment as it guides psychotherapy. With a detailed explanation of the description, purpose, and concepts of each phase of the EMDR protocol, this chapter describes the clinical implications and procedural considerations for effectively using EMDR with children through each phase of the protocol. The chapter concludes with information for clinicians to learn how to get basic training in EMDR and advanced training in using EMDR with children. Integrated throughout this chapter are practical applications for successfully using EMDR in psychotherapy with children in order to heal the origins of trauma. With this introduction to EMDR, the reader should note that throughout this chapter, the terms client and child are often interchanged, and any reference to a child includes children and adolescents unless otherwise noted. Finally, the terms parent and caregiver refer to the child's primary caregiver. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
361. Maltz, W. (1995, June). Healing the sexual problems caused by sexual abuse. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Sexual abuse is abuse to a person's sexuality. It can seriously harm the development of healthy sexual attitudes, self-concept, and behavior. In particular, survivors are often troubled by a variety of sexual problems, such as, fear and avoidance of sex, approaching sex as an obligation, automatic negative reactions to touch, difficulty becoming aroused or feeling sensation, emotional detachment during sex, disturbing sexual thoughts and fantasies, compulsive sexual behaviors, difficulty with intimate partners, and sexual functioning concerns. EMDR is a technique which can effect significant changes in cognition, sensation, and emotional experience. It can be a powerful tool to help survivors reprocess traumatic material blocking healthy sexual experience. But because sex is often an extremely loaded issue for survivors, and EMDR is seen as technique in which the therapist "does something" to the client, precautions must be taken to avoid negative, retraumatizing reactions and increase positive results. Due to the high potential for negative transference in sex therapy with survivors, the therapist must present the EMDR technique in a style which values client safety and empowerment. This can involve associating the techque with safe images and prior positive experiences, developing relaxation and containment skills, and modifying the physical aspects associated with the technique. There are a variety of sexual concerns which respond well to EMDR intervention. EMDR can be used to help replace old negative messages about sex with new messages which view sex as based on consent, equality, respect and safety. Sexual self-concept can be improved as survivors undo irrational belief systems which blame their sexuality and/or sexual parts for having caused the abuse. EMDR can help introduce new experiences of self-forgiveness and self-acceptance. EMDR can also help desensitize particular objects, sexual settings, types of touch, and associations to the intimate partner which trigger negative reactions. Therapists who focus on sexual healing need to be familiar with a variety of sexual healing techniques. These include the sexual response cycle exercise, relearning touch exercises, techniques for healing unwanted sexual fantasies, and techniques for improving sexual functioning. Therapists can use EMDR to help survivors work through blocks and impasses encountered with the techniques.
Keywords: Sexual Abuse Sexual Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
362. Steele, S. L. (2003). Healing trauma: Creating a theoretical structure for nonverbal and expressive therapies in the treatment of trauma. Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. AAT 3093612.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Expressive and nonverbal therapies are increasingly being used in the treatment of trauma. This paper provides a theoretical structure that explains the mechanisms of therapeutic action so that empirical investigations can be conducted to determine the effectiveness of these modalities. Trauma, PTSD, memory, dissociation, alexithymia, and somatization are discussed. Donnel B. Stern's conceptualization of unformulated experience and David Kreuger's discussion of the body self and psychological self are explored and integrated with the neuropsychological research of Bessel A. van der Kolk and others. Finally, these concepts and research findings are integrated with expressive and nonverbal treatment approaches, including Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, Somatic Experiencing, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, and Dance/Movement and Voice Movement therapies. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Alexithymia Body Psychotherapy Cognitive Processes Dance Therapy Dissociative Disorders Expressive Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Somatic Symptoms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
363. Adúriz, M. E., Bluthgen, C., & Knopfler, C. (2009, May). Helping child flood victims using group EMDR intervention in Argentina: Treatment outcome and gender differences. International Journal of Stress Management, 16(2), 138-153. doi:10.1037/a0014719.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A comprehensive group intervention with 124 children who experienced disaster-related trauma during a massive flood in Santa Fe, Argentina, in 2003 is illustrated, utilizing a one-session group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol. A posttreatment session was done 3 months after the treatment intervention to evaluate results. Results of this one-session treatment procedure, utilizing the EMDR-Integrative Group Treatment Protocol, showed statistically significant reduction of symptoms immediately after the intervention. These statistically significant differences were sustained at posttreatment evaluation 3 months later, as measured by psychometric scales, and by clinical and behavioral observation. Data analysis also revealed significant gender differences. Despite methodological limitations, this study supports the efficacy of EMDR group treatment in the amelioration and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, providing an efficient, simple, and economic (in terms of time and resources) tool for disaster-related trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Argentina Floods Gender Difference Group Interventions Integrative Group Treatment Protocol Treatment Outcome Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
364. Ohtani, T., Matsuo, K., Kasai, K., Kato, T., & Kato, N. (2009, December). Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuroscience Research, 65(4), 375-383. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.08.014.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma-related recall (Recall) with eye movements (EMs) is thought to reduce distress. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Thirteen patients with PTSD received EMDR treatment over the course of 2 to 10 weeks. We assessed the change in hemoglobin concentration in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during Recall with and without EM using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Clinical diagnosis and improvement were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Recall with EM was associated with a significant decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) in the lateral PFC as compared with Recall without EM. Longitudinally, [oxy-Hb] during Recall significantly decreased and the amount of decrease was significantly correlated with clinical improvement when the post-treatment data was compared with that of the pre-treatment. Our results suggest that performing EM during Recall reduces the over-activity of the lateral PFC, which may be part of the biological basis for the efficacy of EMDR in PTSD. NIRS may be a useful tool for objective assessment of psychological intervention in PTSD.
Keywords: Hemodynamic Responses Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
365. Buscaglia, S. (2008). Herramientas complementarias al uso de EMDR [Tools complementary to the use of EMDR]. In P. Solvey & R. C. Ferrazzano de Solvey (Eds.), Terapias de avanzada [Advanced therapies] : ]: Vol. 4, EMDR: Avances en teoria y tecnica [EMDR: Advances in theory and technique] (1st ed) (pp. 169-183). Buenos Aires: TdeA Ediciones.

Language: Spanish
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Keywords: Intervention
Accuracy Verified: Yes
366. Marcus, S. (2008, Maart ). Het behandelen van hoofdpijn met geïntegreerde EMDR [Treating headaches with integrated EMDR]. Presentatie op het derde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Negentig procent van het Amerikaanse publiek krijgt af en toe hoofdpijn. Naar schatting vijfenveertig miljoen Amerikanen hebben ernstige terugkerende hoofdpijn. Tot dusver is het primaire behandeling voor hoofdpijn is farmaceutica. Deze workshop beoogt u vertrouwd te maken met een niet-veilige alternatieve medicatie voor de behandeling van hoofdpijnen die gebruik maakt van EMDR. De bedoeling van dit seminar is om artsen te trainen in het gebruik van een geïntegreerde aanpak van EMDR bij de behandeling van spanning en migraine. Meer dan 50% van deze presentatie is de opleiding en "hands on" de praktijk van de geïntegreerde aanpak van EMDR. De twee primaire doelstellingen van dit seminar zijn aan a) een overzicht van de huidige professionele praktijken van de behandeling hoofdpijn en b) de deelnemers te trainen in het gebruik van geïntegreerde EMDR, Fase 1 (acute hoofdpijn reliëf) en fase 2 (multi-sessie behandeling van hoofdpijn ). Andere doelstellingen zijn onder andere inzicht hoofdpijn ontstaan, hoofdpijn trigger identificatie, hoofdpijn drempel theorie, overzicht van dr. Marcus 'Migraine Onderzoek, training in de geïntegreerde EMDR protocol dat ontwikkeld is voor de klinische praktijk, informed consent en inzicht in de rol van de provider bij de inzet van deze benadering in de klinische praktijk . Hoewel deze workshop is voor slechts EMDR getrainde clinicus, hoofdpijn eerdere ervaring in behandeling is niet vereist. Dit seminar zal u helpen om: 1. Geef hoofdpijn opluchting voor uw patiënten. 2. Herkennen de verschillende soorten hoofdpijn. 3. Inzicht in de biologie van de hoofdpijn. 4. Combat rebound of verslavingsproblemen gemaakt door migraine medicatie door het gebruik van natuurlijke methoden voor hoofdpijn behandeling. 5. Hier 8 niet-hoofdpijn medicatie interventies. 6. Integratie van een nieuw specialisme in uw praktijk.

Ninety percent of the American public gets occasional headaches. An estimated forty five million Americans have severe reoccurring headaches. Up until now the primary treatment for headaches has been pharmaceuticals. This workshop seeks to familiarize you with a safe non-medication alternative for the treatment of headaches that utilizes EMDR. The intent of this seminar is to train clinicians in the use of an integrated EMDR approach to treating tension and migraine headaches. Over 50% of this presentation is training and “hands on” practice of the Integrated EMDR approach. The two primary objectives of this seminar are to a) provide a professional overview of current practices of headache treatment and b) to train participants in the use of Integrated EMDR, Phase 1 (acute headache relief) and Phase 2 (multi-session headache treatment). Other objectives include understanding headache etiology, headache trigger identification, headache threshold theory, overview of Dr. Marcus’ Migraine Research, training in the Integrated EMDR protocol designed for clinical practice, informed consent and understanding the role of provider when deploying this approach in clinical practice. Although this workshop is for EMDR trained clinician’s only, previous experience in headache treatment is not required. This seminar will help you to: 1. Provide headache relief for your patients. 2. Recognize the different headache types. 3. Understand the biology of headaches. 4. Combat rebound or addiction problems created by migraine medication by utilizing natural methods for headache treatment. 5. Learn 8 non-medication headache interventions. 6. Integrate a new specialty into your practice.
Keywords: Headaches
Accuracy Verified: Yes
367. Rijkes, A., & Smeele, G. (2012, March). Hoofdzaken, EMDR behandeling van migraine en hoofdpijn [Basics, EMDR treatment of migraine and headache]. Presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland .

Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Naast een op de toepassing gerichte theoretische inleiding krijgt u meerdere demonstraties voorgeschoteld van de EMDR behandeling van migraine en hoofdpijn. Live en video. U kunt zich een eerste indruk vormen van methode, werkwijze en effectiviteit van de behandeling. Circa 15% van de mensheid heeft last van deze pijnsoort. Migraine komt bij vrouwen ongeveer driemaal zo vaak voor als bij mannen. De meeste medicijnen bieden geen oplossing op langere termijn, hebben bovendien als bijwerking hoofdpijnklachten. De Wereld Gezondheid Organisatie, WHO, heeft in 2011 aandacht gevraagd voor de ontwikkeling van nieuwe behandelmethoden, mede gelet het enorme productiviteitsverlies in de wereld. Werkgevers en Arbo-diensten hebben interesse in deze vorm van behandelen van werknemers. De geïntegreerde EMDR behandeling bestaat uit twee fasen; fase 1 is gericht op repressie: de behandeling van acute pijnklachten. Fase 2 is gericht op preventie: het voorkomen van pijnaanvallen in de toekomst. Cliënten hebben onmiddellijk baat bij de behandeling. Tijdens de workshop wordt tot slot informatie gegeven over de Nederlandse Special Interest Group (SIG) EMDR en Hoofdpijn.

Besides a theoretical introduction on the dedicated you presented several demonstrations of the EMDR treatment of migraine and headache. Live and video. You can first impression of method, process and effectiveness of treatment. Approximately 15% of humanity suffers from this kind of pain. Migraine affects women about three times as often as men. Most drugs do not address the longer term, also have as a side effect headaches. The World Health Organization, WHO, in 2011 has drawn attention to the development of new treatment methods, taking into account the enormous loss of productivity in the world. Employers and occupational health services are interested in this form of treatment of workers. The integrated EMDR treatment consists of two phases: Phase 1 focused on repression: the treatment of acute pain. Phase 2 focuses on prevention: prevention of pain attacks in the future. Clients benefit directly from the treatment. During the workshop, finally, information about the Dutch Special Interest Group (SIG) EMDR and Headache.
Keywords: Headaches Migraines
Accuracy Verified: Yes
368. Brivio, R., & Bergamaschi, L. (2008, January). Human and organizational aspects affecting the wellbeing in rescue-working activity: EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation: The role of training methods, practice and simulation for psychological risks prevention and management in emergency workers.. International Workshop Reinforce Rescuers' Resilience by Empowering a well-being Demension Workshop, Turin, Italy .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The wellbeing of rescuers: Relational, organizational and technical aspects that can affect rescuers' wellbeing during rescue activities: Stress inoculation, role playing and the role of mirror neurons in training, also through the use of video recordings. Relaxation techniques, psychological debriefing and EMDR in trainings.

Focus of our intervention is the wellbeing of the rescuer. The study and research on this matter came and were carried out thanks to the activity done both during trainings and simulations of the Civil Protection than real emergencies. Our team work received contribution by some psychologists of OPP (Parma’s Psychologists’ Observatory: A.Sozzi, E.Pedrelli, F.Frati, A. Bocelli, T. Serra). Wellbeing, defined as a subjective and positive emotional state together with a global life satisfaction (Diener, 1984), is strongly at risk during rescuer’s emergency activities and can affect the rescuer both physically and psychologically. The rescuer's capabilities, that we think are technical “know how” and thorough knowledge, are essential to give the best performance according to the complexity and urgency of the intervention. These skills can really contribute to the rescuer's wellbeing, because they can improve the self-efficiency perception. To effectively manage and train rescuers, it is furthermore important to consider and acknowledge the influence of interpersonal relationships on technical performances. It is, in fact, particularly important to recognize and support the typical relationships that can be created in a team with the same task and specialization, as well as in multidisciplinary teams, or teams belonging to different Institutions but operating in the same scenario.

In recent years increasing attention has been given to training activities, even through the use of the role play for interventions in artificial emergency scenarios. To recreate scenarios of massive emergencies, different Civil Protection Associations, as well as First Aid volunteer associations and the local Institutions have been involved. In these simulations, most cases focus on improving technical performances. Lately psychologists have been asked to join the rescuers team. During these simulations, the role-play of emotional and psychological problems occurs thanks to the cooperation between emergency psychologists and the medical team. The introduction of the role and expertise of psychologists allowed to extend and strengthen the attention to cross support and care aspects for the psychological wellbeing of both victims and rescuers. The psychologist must therefore consider the “wellbeing” in all the emergency scenarios and contexts, as a sum of all the components that we talked about here and the ones we will describe during our intervention. He must first of all be aware of the complexity of each intervention in the field, and adopt a kind of approach aimed at creating and recovering wellbeing strategies, that can be used by himself as well. Strategies on how to build, recover and maintain the wellbeing identify stress as the first danger source the rescuer has to face in his training and emergency activity. When external events or stimuli are perceived as difficult to face compared with resources available at that moment, the individual gets stressed. When the person's efforts are not adaptive to the external requests and/or coherent with his performance expectations, he becomes vulnerable to emotional, behavioural, cognitive and physical reactions, which can be even very difficult to manage both in the short and/or in the medium-long term. This can happen when the sources of stress depend on the rescuer’s performance, and it can also happen in case of post traumatic stress, visible in different stages after the event. From the psychologist's specialist background and from the integration of this with the result of field experiences, the demand for a range of different tools to manage the different kinds of stress emerges, and these tools must be applicable both to the individual and to the group. This range is still improving, and the results of our observational activity from past and present experiences lead us to see the opportunity to carry on our research of tools of efficacy. During this speech we would like to underline that approaches like Stress Inoculation Training (SIT, Michenbaum, 1983) and the use of role playing allow the technical appraisal and let the rescuers improve their stress management skills, and all that can lead to a decrease in the risk of PTSD. In past simulations of emergencies, we found out that the use of videotapes for the role plays is a tool that should be taken more into account. We think it is important to evaluate its potential for the rescuers' benefit, because it seems to be not only “a record of technical performances”, but also an observation and learning tool about the rescuer's own defence and adaptive strategies. In fact, during these simulations we found out that the rescuers' psychological and emotional vulnerability emerged in several situations. The fact that even in these artificial situations there were acute stress episodes and O codes urged us to focus more on the matter of mutual influence between technical performance and internal experience of stress. We understand that such acute stress episodes may occur during real life critical events but we can see how role playing and video recordings show that such acute stress episodes affected the simulators themselves even during the simulation. The videos show that even apparently “high immunity” simulators, who are considered 'immune' thanks to their comprehensive and strong experience, experienced acute stress, perhaps because of an incorrect selfevaluation of their own stress management skills. The interest in the use of videos as a training and reprocessing tool for rescuers led some of us to specialize in role playing recording, so as to carry out a more accurate and comprehensive study on those same videos and use them as a mirror of reality and better educational tool through a vicar experience or through “seeing oneself from within the experience” and in the interpersonal dynamics that took place in the scenario. Videotapes are a very known and widely used tool in other kinds of trainings, disciplines and therapies (i.e. Family Therapy and CBT). The discovery of mirror neurons by Rizzolati, Gallese et Al., provides the evidence that when someone observes the same action performed by another person, the neurons "mirrors" the behaviour of that person, as though the observer were itself acting. Thanks to these researchers it is now proven that this can happen thanks to the motor neurons in the pre-motor cortex. Therefore, we would like to underline the role of videos as very useful and versatile training tools, since they expose a situation in an unexpected realistic manner “as if” it were true and “as if” we were really experiencing that situation, with the consequent learning movements at the emotional, cognitive and behavioural level, at the stress management level, as well as at the level of team work dynamics. Visual imagination activates the same brain regions that are active during visual perception and motor imagination activates the same brain regions activated the movement is really happening. More importantly, it was possible for us to verify that the videos recorded by other operators were not focused on showing the important psychological aspects we mentioned for the goal of the trainings, thing that happened instead with the videos recorded by psychologists. We think therefore that the use of videotapes recorded by psychologists should be given more consideration in the trainings of rescuers. During this intervention we will devote part of the time to broadcasting two short videos; the first one shows the role playing of an intervention in an emergency context, and the second one shows a part of an EMDR session (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing). We think it is important to recreate and protect rescuers wellbeing in the post-role playing and post emergency stages too. For years EMDR has been proven effective in improving the individual's coping skills and in reprocessing, wherever necessary, the post traumatic aspects resulting from critical events to whom not only the victims, but also the rescuers too, are exposed during emergencies.
Keywords: Emergency Workers Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation Rescue-Working Activity Risk Prevention and Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
369. Simone, M. (2012, June). Hypnosis and EMDR with athletes. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: My intention is to present a model of intervention in sport psychology that I have defined with the acronym O.R.A., using techniques of Gestalt therapy, EMDR protocol adapted to peak performance and Hypnosis Eriksoniana. The O.R.A model was conceived and developed from my working experience as a sport psychologist of elite athletes of various disciplines. ORA in Italian means NOW and the acronym stands for: Obiettivi (Objectives); Risorse (Resources); Autoefficacia (self-efficacy). Being myself an athlete and having had the opportunity to make an experience / internship of about 4 months at a sports center for professional athletes still continuing to follow a few, I could realize that it is important to them essentially a work of defining targets from which to identify the resources needed to achieve them through EMDR. This allows an increase of self-efficacy as one goes to work with the four sources identified by Bandura and that identify past successful experiences, the feelings connected, verbal persuasion and reference models. The work is enhanced by the use EMDR with hypnosis Eriksoniana that allows you to experience a future scenario more vividly, more multi-sensory experience where the athlete may be able to excel in his sport performance.
Keywords: Athletes, Hypnosis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
370. Seltzer, A. (2011). I stood by a river - Integrating EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy in the treatment of torture survivor. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, Supplement 1, 199.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
I will be presenting the case of an Iranian refugee in the UK who was imprisoned for many years in Iran and subject to prolonged torture. I will discuss the use of integrated EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy in his treatment, and outline how standard treatments need to be adapted in the case of trauma arising from human rights abuses
Keywords: Iran Prisoners Refuges Sensorimotor Psychotherapy Survivors Torture
Accuracy Verified: Yes
371. Giannantonio, M., & Lenzi, S. (2009). Il disturbo di panico: Psicoterapia cognitiva, ipnosi e EMDR [The panic disorder. Cognitive psychotherapy, hypnosis and EMDR]. Milano: R. Cortina.

Language: Italian
Format: Book
Abstract:
La psicoterapia cognitiva, l’ipnosi e l’EMDR vengono per la prima volta inserite in un modello di intervento organico e coerente, il cui obiettivo principale è l’efficacia degli interventi proposti. L’approccio evidence-based alla psicoterapia conferisce una cornice teorica e operativa di grande rigore a modelli di intervento che garantiscono robustezza metodologica e applicabilità immediata.

Cognitive psychotherapy, hypnosis, and EMDR are for the first time on an intervention model and consistent, whose main objective is the effectiveness of interventions proposed. The evidence-based approach to psychotherapy gives a theoretical framework and operational rigorous models of intervention that provide immediate applicability and methodological robustness.
Keywords: Hypnosis Panic Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
372. Puliatti, M. & Dionisi, B. (2012). Il prurito vulvare: trattamento integrato con EMDR [The vulvar pruritus: Integrated treatment with EMDR]. Medicina Psicosomatica.

Language: Italian
Format: Journal
Keywords: Vulvar Pruritus
Accuracy Verified: Yes
373. Daigger, M. (2007). Imaginative techniken in der psychotraumatherapie unter besonderer berücksichtigung des motivs "Die innerern helfer" [Imaginative techniques in the psychotrauma-therapy in special view of the motif "The inner helpers"]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie, Psychotherapiewissenschaft, Psychologische Medizin (ZPPM), 5(2), 39-51.

Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In psychotraumatherapy den therapeutischen Prozess (Stabilisierung, Therapie mit dem inneren Kind, Trauma-Exposition) ist oft durch mehrere Probleme behindert. Dann das Motiv "Die Inneren Helfer" als eine phantasievolle Ressource im Zusammenhang mit der suggestiven Beeinflussung durch den Therapeuten kann gute Dienste leisten. Die Inneren Helfer symbolisieren unbewussten Teile des Selbst, die losgelöst haben und verdrängten durch das Mittel der Projektion im Sinne von Fähigkeiten, die der Patient hat (noch) keinen Zugang. Die Inneren Helfer nehmen eine repräsentative Funktion für den Patienten, bis er in der Lage, diese Teile des Selbst nach Gebrauch mit integrierten ihnen. Die Aktivierung dieser Ressourcen phantasievolle ermöglicht nicht nur ein Erfolg versprechende Stabilisierung und Therapie mit dem inneren Kind, sondern auch eine sanfte und wenig Anstrengung Trauma Exposition für Patient und therapist.In diesem Artikel möchte ich zunächst das Motiv einführen "Die Inneren Helfer" . Ich weiterhin durch den Nachweis wichtige Techniken der Psychotraumatologie, indem sie Beispiele für mögliche Anwendungen der das Motiv des Inneren Helfer in schwierigen Situationen des therapeutischen Prozesses. Alle Techniken ergänzen einander und können miteinander kombiniert werden. [Autor Zusammenfassung]

In psychotraumatherapy the therapeutic process (stabilization, therapy with the Inner Child, trauma exposure) is often hindered by multiple difficulties. Then the motif "The Inner Helpers" as an imaginative resource in connection with suggestive influencing by the therapist can serve well. The Inner Helpers symbolize unconscious parts of the self that have been dissociated and repressed by the means of projection in the sense of abilities to which the patient has (yet) no access. The Inner Helpers take a representative function for the patient until he is able to use these parts of the self after having integrated them. The activation of these imaginative resources not only makes possible a success promising stabilization and therapy with the Inner Child, but also a gentle and little straining trauma exposure for patient and therapist.In this article I first want to introduce the motif "The Inner Helpers". I continue by demonstrating important techniques of psychotraumatology by giving examples of possible applications of the motif of the Inner Helpers in difficult situations of the therapeutic process. All techniques complete each other and can be combined. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Psychotrauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
374. DeGraffenried, D. F. (2007, September). Implementing EMDR practice in community mental health & agency settings: Working with clinical or administrative reluctance. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR has not achieved full acceptance as a practice model within community mental health and agency settings. Some agencies are reluctant to develop an EMDR practice due to administrative concerns, clinical apprehensions or implementation reluctance. This resistance has constrained the development of EMDR in communities with the greatest need and often in settings where post traumatic stress is the focus of treatment. This workshop will identify the three common areas of agency reluctance concerning EMDR and, via a PowerPoint presentation, will demonstrate the use of a simple assessment tool designed to identify where the intervention is needed to accomplish change and support EMDR integration into the agency.
Keywords: Client or Administrative Reluctance Community Mental Health Agencies
Accuracy Verified: Yes
375. Henry-Schneider, P. (2013, May). The importance of working with the mind/body system. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Ai Chi is a moving meditation in warm water. It is a powerful way to reinforce the body as a positive resource, because it is a multimodal experience. Ai Chi involves being aware of the body in a warm, supportive, nurturing environment. As Bessel van der Kolk points out, “Our brains will continue to take in new information and construct new realities as long as our bodies feel safe.” (2003) Ai Chi reinforces feelings of safety, allowing clients to build upon positive memories and to release negative ones. Ai Chi can be integrated into various stages of the EMDR model. Given an increased awareness of the significance of somatic interventions, an introduction to a little-known modality is important. Utilizing concepts of interpersonal neurobiology developed by Daniel Siegel, levels of integration that constitute mental health will be explored. It will become clear that the characteristics that represent integration are paralleled and reinforced by the Ai Chi process. This puts both EMDR and Ai Chi within a broader context and demonstrates how Ai Chi can reinforce and expand the effects of EMDR. The experience of incorporating a sense of well-being becomes both literal and metaphorical. Participants will learn some of the movements on land and also watch a video of the process. Not only is Ai Chi suitable for most populations, it is particularly helpful for people with chronic pain issues as well as an older population. Learning Objectives: • Come to a basic understanding of mental health from an interpersonal neurobiological point of view • Learn about the practice of Ai Chi • Explore how combining EMDR and Ai Chi can promote the 9 levels of integration described by Daniel Siegel MD • Hear about specific cases and how combining EMDR and Ai Chi has contributed to the resolution of a variety of mental health issues • Experience Ai Chi and/or watch video demonstrating Ai Chi.
Keywords: Ai Chi Mind/Body Connection
Accuracy Verified: Yes
376. Forgash, C. A. (2003, May). Improving child sexual abuse survivor’s health with integrated EMDR & ego state treatment. In Attachment and complex trauma. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Attachment Theory Complex PTSD, Ego State Therapy Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
377. Forgash, C. A. (2003, September). Improving survivor’s health with integrated EMDR and ego state treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will present an EMDR and Ego State integrated approach dealing with the health problems of child sexual abuse survivors (CSAS). These problems are exacerbated by dissociative and PTSD symptoms and may have affected clients accessing health care. These complex clients require tri-phased treatment approach which includes an extended preparation phase (to help CSAS manage triggers and avoid retraumatization in the healthcare setting) desensitization and reprocessing of earlier trauma, including both sexual abuse and medical situations, and the future template phase where consumer skills development will be planned, rehearsed and installed. The workshop will include handouts, bibliography, and a slide presentation.
Keywords: Ego State Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
378. Staff. (1999, November 1). In the midst of autumn, life is tough in tent cities. Turkish Probe (Turkish Daily News).

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The Turkish Psychologists' Association is providing psychological intervention for earthquake victims through the Trauma Treatment Center, established jointly with experts from the American Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Institute (EMDR).
Keywords: Earthquakes Tent Cities Turkey
Accuracy Verified: Yes
379. O'Donohue, W., & Yeater, E. A. (2003, July). Individuating psychotherapies. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 313-321. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003004.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
One goal of an empirically oriented psychotherapist is to implement the same psychotherapy across similar clients for a similar specified problem. Adherence to a specified treatment is imperative when following a treatment manual. In other cases, such as when developing a new treatment, psychotherapists desire that the intervention be different from those currently available. To develop new treatments and to substantively increase the arsenal of psychological “tools” available to alleviate human suffering, criteria by which treatments are judged to be novel must be developed. The authors discuss criteria to make such delineations. They argue that psychotherapies are defined by two key properties: (a) a mechanism or mechanisms that causally produce the treatment’s effects (if any) and (b) a manner or manners of instantiating these mechanisms. They also argue that if two psychotherapies share these two properties, then they are the same treatment; if not, they should be considered different treatments.
Keywords: Process Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
380. Cohn, L., & Chapman, L. (2002, June). Innovations in child trauma treatment: Combining EMDR and drawings. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will feature a treatment intervention for traumatized children who have experienced incident based trauma. The intervention is being utilized in a controlled study funded by the Centers for Disease Control lnjury Prevention Grant at University of California San Francisco and Children's Hospital Oakland. Through lecture, slide and case format, this presentation will describe a protocol combining EMDR and drawing for the remediation of PSTD symptoms in children. The presenters will discuss how developmental, psychological and neurological functioning affect the storage and retrieval of traumatic memories and sensations. They will demonstrate how and why the combination of EMDR with drawings is effective as a method of trauma resolution therapy for children.
Keywords: Art Therapy Children Disease Control Injury Prevention Grant Treatment Intervention
Accuracy Verified: Yes
381. Martinez, R. (1992, May). Innovative uses. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(1), 14-15.

Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Jessie Rappaport, R.C.S.W. of Eugene Oregon, sent in this observation: He states, "for clients with persistent negative cognitions such as, 'I don't deserve to be loved', where EMDR saccades, cognitive interweave, and all other variations fail to effectively shift the cognition, he tells the client, 'I would like you to notice, if you would, how you fee1 when I take over the voicing of that belief and say it to you ...." [An example of this would be 'you don't deserve to be loved'.] He does this with eye movements induced and often at this point reports that the client will dramatically shift the polarity when the belief has been externalized by his voice. The response is often from the positive polarity, such as, 'I have every right to 'be loved' or 'the heck with you, I'm tired of hearing that', etc. He states that with particularly fragile clients, this intervention must be carefully framed, such as, 'I am taking over the negative voice that is in you.'"
Keywords: Cognitions Innovative Uses
Accuracy Verified: Yes
382. Plassmann, R. (2005, June). Inpatient psychotherapy with EMDR for patients with eating disorders. In EMDR and eating disorders. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A trauma therapeutic concept for inpatient treatment of patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) will be presented. The therapeutic program is divided into four phases (stabilization, resource organization, exposition and reorientation). EMDR is integrated as standard protocol or modified for the purpose of resource organization into each of these therapy phases. The use of this trauma therapy concept of eating disorders has resulted in a substantial improvement in therapeutic results. The treatment results of 69 Patients with Bulimia and 61 patients with Anorexia are presented.
Keywords: Eating Disorders Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
383. Leeds, A. (2006, September). Installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. In Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of Resource Development & Installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes (A. Leeds. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient & stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients and clinical situations the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD Consensus Model C-PTSD RDI Resource Development and Installation Treatment Criteria
Accuracy Verified: Yes
384. Marcus, S. (2006, September). Integrated EMDR headache treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Forty-three individuals diagnosed with classic or common migraine were randomly assigned to either Integrated EMDR treatment or a medication treatment. lntegrated EMDR combines diaphragmatic breathing, cranial compression and EMDR for abortive migraine treatment. Various abortive medications were used in the comparison group including Demerol, DHE, oral triptans, Excedrin, Florinal, Percoset, Toradol and Vicodin. Participants were treated during mid to late stage acute migraine and assessed by an Independent evaluator at pretreatment, post treatment, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days for migraine pain level. Both medication and Integrated EMDR treatment groups demonstrated reduced migraine pain levels at post treatment, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days. Howevei lntegrated EMDR treatment showed significantly greater improvement compared to medication at post treatment. Also, lntegrated EMDR reduced or eliminated migraine pain level with greater rapdity than medications. This study introduces lntegrated EMDR as a new abortive behavioral treatment for acute migraine episodes.
Keywords: Headache
Accuracy Verified: Yes
385. Marcus, S. (2005, September). Integrated EMDR headache treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Ninety percent of the American public gets occasional headaches. An estimated fifty million Americans have severe re-occurring headaches. Up until now, the primary treatment for headaches has been pharmaceuticals. This workshop seeks to familiarize you with a non-medication natural alternative for the treatment of headaches that utilizes EMDR. This workshop will employ lecture, demonstration and actual practice of the Integrated EMDR approach. The purpose of this teaching strategy is to prepare you for clinical practice. Objectives include understanding headache etiology, headache trigger identification, threshold theory, training in the integrated EMDR prorocol used in Dr. Marcus' headache research, discussion of protocol utilization in clinical practice, informed consent, transference issues, and discussion of the role of provider when deploying this approach. This workshop is for advanced EMDR practitioners but previous experience in headache treatment is not required.
Keywords: Headache
Accuracy Verified: Yes
386. Yang, Y. (2005, June). An integrated grief-focused intervention after the death of a chief teacher. In Psychotrauma and EMDR in China and Slovakia, Part 1. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
During the SARS outbreak in 2003, a chief middle school teacher in Beijing unfortunately died of the disease. After her death, her students and colleagues fell into a state of emotional and behavioral disturbance. We describe in this paper a grief-focused intervention program offered by the community-based youth hotline crisis intervention group and the school counselor. In particular, the paper focuses on describing in detail a group based intervention program for the affected students, including its administrative structure, therapeutic objectives and interventions, and group process. The intervention protocol was designed by combining cognitive behavior and social therapy with some adapted skills of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). It was found that stabilization and installation were strongly significant in helping the students to recover from this traumatic event by focusing on positive resources. We argue that in the Chinese cultural context, it is most important to build such an integrated crisis intervention scheme to cope with such an event.
Keywords: China Grief Psychotrauma Slovakia Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
387. Brown, S. H., Gilman, S. G., Goodman, E. G., Adler-Tapia, R., & Freng, S. (2010). Integrated trauma treatment in drug court: Combining EMDR and seeking safety. Authors.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Trauma histories with co-occurring Substance Use Disorder (SUD) are disproportionately prevalent for individuals in the criminal justice system. A study was implemented in the Thurston County Drug Court Program to determine the prevalence of trauma exposure and evaluate the feasibility of implementing an Integrated Trauma Treatment Program (ITTP) combining two empirically supported treatments: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Seeking Safety (SS). It was hypothesized that individual trauma treatment would lead to improved program outcomes, including increased graduation rates and lower recidivism. Two hundred nineteen males and females, ages 18-65 were screened. One hundred sixty one participants (73.5%) were eligible for the ITTP based on a self-report of at least one “criterion A” event in their lifetime. Fifty-eight participants (26.5%) did not report criterion A trauma and were assigned to program as usual (PAU). Participants who completed only the SS groups (N=50) graduated at a rate of 62% compared to 91.3% of those who completed both SS and EMDR (N=69). After implementation of the ITTP, recidivism for graduates was 7.4% and 18% for terminators, compared to 25% and 30.6% respectively prior to the ITTP. These outcomes provide preliminary evidence that individual trauma treatment can improve graduation rates and decrease recidivism in a Drug Court Program.
Keywords: Drug Court Integrated Trauma Treatment Program ITTP Seeking Safety Substance Use Disorder SUD Thurston County Drug Court Program
Accuracy Verified: Yes
388. Brown, S., & Gilman, S. (2007). An integrated trauma treatment program (ITTP) in the Thurston County Drug Court Program: Program summary - An integrated trauma treatment program (EMDR and seeking safety) as an enhancement in the Thurson County drug court program. Author.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The prevalence of co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in the criminal justice system is a serious issue for both men and women. The inattention to trauma before, during, and after involvement in the criminal justice system is problematic. Some research suggests that trauma-related disorders among those with SUD negatively affect post-incarceration outcomes (Kubiak, 2004). Therefore, from a practice and policy perspective, interventions addressing these co-occurring disorders should be made available to men and women within the criminal justice system. Current research recommends a phased and integrated treatment approach for co-occurring PTSD and SUD. SAMHSA (2005) reports that the integration of substance abuse treatment and mental health services for persons with co-occurring disorders (COD) has become a major treatment initiative. The specific Integrated Trauma Treatment Program (ITTP) described in this report is one possible treatment approach for this challenging population. This report will outline the rationale for the ITTP implemented in the Thurston County Drug Court Program (TCDCP) in Olympia, WA. In addition, it is hoped that results from this project will be considered when making policy recommendations for Drug Courts and other programs in the criminal justice system, as well as other public and private substance abuse treatment settings.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Substance Use Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
389. Brown, S., Gilman, S. G., & Kelso, T. (2008, September). Integrated trauma treatment program: A novel EMDR approach for PTSD and substance abuse. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
PTSD and substance abuse is a common co-occurring disorder for which current research recommends a phased, integrated treatment approach. This presentation covers the 4-year pilot program using EMDR and Seeking Safety© as an Integrated Trauma Treatment Program (ITTP) in a Drug Court. The process, rationale and clinically significant outcomes of this study will be presented. Participants will learn how to implement EMDR in other similar settings and will learn how to develop a simple research model to collect data. Time will be provided for discussion of clinical issues addressed in this ITTP and video of study participants post-treatment.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
390. Brown, S., & Gilman, S. (2005, September). Integrated treatment of PTSD and substance abuse with chemically addicted offenders in a drug court model: A pilot study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Drug Court Model Pilot Study Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
391. Parnell, L. (2010, September/October). Integrating an attachment repair orientation into EMDR treatment for clients with relational trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Clients who have experienced childhood traumas that have impacted their sense of safety and capacity to form close emotional relationships in adulthood require adjustments to the EMDR phases and procedural steps. These relational traumas can include childhood physical or sexual abuse, neglect, early losses, birth trauma, medical trauma, caregiver misattunement and vicarious trauma. In order for EMDR therapists to be most successful with this population it is important to incorporate an attachment repair orientation into the therapy. Through lecture, case examples, and video clips, participants will learn how an attachment-repair orientation can be integrated into all phases of EMDR treatment.
Keywords: Attachment Repair Orientation Relational Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
392. Cooke, L. J., & Grand, C. (2007, September). Integrating EMDR in the treatment of eating disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This is a day-long program designed for the EMDR professional interested in enhancing their ability to conceptualize and provide effective EMDR treatment in working with the complexity of eating disorder symptoms. Paralleling phase-oriented treatment for trauma, this workshop will focus on stabilization skills utilizing state-to-state techniques with or without bilateral stimulation; working through underlying traumatic experiences utilizing the standard protocol; and future template work for integration of the psycho-biological changes. Current treatment approaches on attachment issues and emotion regulation, trauma’s impact on the brain and body, and affect management will be integrated throughout the program. Participants are invited to bring their most challenging cases to work on in practice sessions or during the case consultation segment of the program.
Keywords: Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
393. Gelinas, D. (2003). Integrating EMDR into phase-oriented treatment for trauma. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 4(3), 91-135. doi:10.1300/J229v04n03_06.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Originally introduced a century ago by Pierre Janet, phase-oriented treatment has been independently proposed by many authors and is now widely considered by trauma specialists to be the treatment of choice for PTSD and other posttraumatic disorders. Much more recently, introduced by Francine Shapiro in 1989, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has also become available for the treatment of PTSD and other trauma-based disorders. EMDR has become widely accepted by clinicians and has received strong support regarding its efficacy from a wide range of empirical studies. However, with a very few exceptions (highlighted in this paper), these two major approaches for treating trauma have developed largely independently. The present paper integrates the major EMDR developments with the different stages of the phase-oriented approach to assess if such an integration is conceptually and clinically useful. The EMDR developments integrated into the phases of trauma treatment include: Shapiro's prototypic protocol for PTSD and the protocols for other trauma-based disorders, safety protocols, Leeds' and Korn's work with Resource Development and Installation, and Kitchur's Strategic Developmental Model for EMDR. The usefulness of integrating phase-oriented treatment and EMDR is then assessed. These approaches were found to strongly complement each other in their clinical strengths and weaknesses, while sharing many underlying theoretical and structural elements. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Dissociative Identity Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
394. Grand, D. (1995, June). Integrating EMDR into the psychodynamic treatment process. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The discovery of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has led to a structured treatment model conceptualized in cognitive constructs (the three pronged approach). Based on the diagnostic and treatment situation, this may or may not, be easily integrated into a psychodynamic (insight oriented) treatment approach. However, I have empirically found a dramatic, acceleration and deepening of the psychodynamic treatment process with patients when flexibly utilizing EMDR in session. This presentation will explore the different applications of EMDR incorporating Freudian, ego psychological, separation/individuation and self psychological theories with practice wisdom derived from extensive case material. Attention will be given to the associative process, screen memories, dream work, resistance, transference, countertransference and character analysis. The structural (id, ego and superego) and topographical (unconscious, preconscious and conscious) models of the mind as well as the listening process will be examined as they inform the use of EMDR. Particular focus will be devoted to how the cognitive interweave can be expanded conceptually to incorporate the techniques of interpretation and mirroring. The anxieties, resistances and allegiance issues evoked in the psychodynamically trained therapist, as they attempt to integrate EMDR into their practices will also be addressed.
Keywords: Psychodynamic
Accuracy Verified: Yes
395. O'Malley, O. (2010, March). Integrating EMDR mindfulness & sensorimotic psychotherapy. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The watch wait and wonder (www) approach to parental and infant mental health was developed in Toronto over the last 20 years. In the last few years a number of therapists have set up www clinics in the UK. We have been running a joint EMDR and www clinic in the North West since Jan 2007. As far as we know this is the only clinic to offer trauma focussed psychotherapy together with infant mental health in either the UK or Ireland. Over the last 12 months the service has developed as a combined clinic between Adult mental health and child & adolescent mental health services. The team comprises myself and my colleagues Dr Sheena Pollet and Thelma Osborn. Dr Pollet is a consultant psychiatrist in psychotherapy and also practices as a psychoanalyst. She initially receives referrals from the access and advice team or directly from the adult inpatient unit. Thelma Osborn practises as a specialist health visitor in primary care and is employed by the Primary Care Trust (PCT). She runs both individual and group psychotherapy for mothers referred with post natal depression. She has recently completed basic EMDR training (2008-9) I have integrated EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy with mindfulness and trauma focussed psychotherapy in a new theoretical paradigm which I have termed integrated reprocessing therapy (IRT). I will outline the use of this approach where traumatic births and neonatal vulnerabilities are a key feature of the presentation Recommendations for the development of parent infant mental health and a tier 3 perinatal mental health services within the 5 Boroughs Partnership Foundation Trust will be outlined.
Keywords: Watch Wait and Wonder Approach WWW Approach
Accuracy Verified: Yes
396. McGuinness, V. (2001). Integrating play therapy and EMDR with children. EMDRResources.com.

Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Integrating Play Therapy and EMDR with Children is a reference book for clinicians who have been formally trained in both EMDR and Play therapy techniques. Creative and safe methods teach clinicians how to weave experiential play therapy and EMDR together for successful treatment philosophies and actions of play therapy and EMDR are reviewed and integrated so that the inherent polarized energies emerge in a compatible therapeutic balance. This book is not intended to provide training in EMDR, per se, instead, various ideas for using EMDR with children are explored. Integrating Play Therapy and EMDR focuses on the use of traditional child-centered therapy for the post-language child whether they actually use language or not. Because so many children are initially resistant to EMDR this is a very useful tool to facilitate the maximum benefit for the child’s treatment experience.[EMDRResources Abstract]
Keywords: Children Play Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
397. McGuinness, V. (2003). Integrating play therapy and EMDR with children. Bloomington, IN: 1st Books Library.

Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Integrating Play Therapy and EMDR with Children is a reference book for clinicians who have been formally trained in both EMDR and Play therapy techniques. Creative and safe methods teach clinicians how to weave experiential play therapy and EMDR together for successful treatment philosophies and actions of play therapy and EMDR are reviewed and integrated so that the inherent polarized energies emerge in a compatible therapeutic balance. This book is not intended to provide training in EMDR, per se, instead, various ideas for using EMDR with children are explored. Integrating Play Therapy and EMDR focuses on the use of traditional child-centered therapy for the post-language child whether they actually use language or not. Because so many children are initially resistant to EMDR this is a very useful tool to facilitate the maximum benefit for the child’s treatment experience.[EMDRResources Abstract]
Keywords: Children Play Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
398. Keenan, L. (2010, June). The integration and progression of EMDR within a generic primary care mental health service. In Trainiing issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In 2007 the Department of Health (DoH. UK) published "Improving Access to Psychological Therapies" (IAPT). This meant that primary care mental health services (PCMHS) had to seriously consider the mode, method and efficacy of their service delivery. This paper will consider one such service, critically reflecting on the integration of EMDR as a mainstream therapeutic intervention. The service utilises therapists from various therapeutic paradigms, counselors, graduate workers, cognitive behavioural psychotherapists, cognitive analytical psychotherapists, clinical psychologists and registered mental nurses. Clients are referred with a wide range of psychological issues such as Depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD. Following a further EMDR training initiative in 2007 (Birmingham University), the service now boasts, One EMDR Consultant/Facilitator, three accredited practitioners, three level three trained therapists and two clinicians at level two. This paper will present a brief history of the development of EMDR within the PCMHS, exploring how EMDR has been utilised not only in the treatment of PTSD (NIHCE 20051, but also in the treatment of other psychological pathologies. The paper will highlight the number of clients treated with EMDR (retrospectively over a twelve month period), the average number of sessions per client and the therapeutic outcomes as measured by the Patients Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9) (Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (CAD-7) ( Spitzer et al 2006). The Dissociative Experience Scale is used when considering EMDR as an intervention strategy and the Impact of Events Scale- Revised (WEISS et al 2004) when appropriate. The paper will conclude with a brief analysis of qualitative data from clinicians as to the impact EMDR has had on their clinical practice. Learning Outcomes: By the conclusion of the presentation the participants will: 1. Be able to discuss the application of EMDR in the treatment of psychopathologies other than PTSD. 2. To consider the integration of EMDR with other psychotherapeutic paradigms. 3. To critical consider the treatment outcomes and in particular the cost effectiveness of EMDR as a psychotherapeutic tool in a generic primary care setting. 4. Be aware of the ethical and political considerations of integrating EMDR into a generic primary care mental health service. Innovation: This work is innovative as it focuses on how EMDR can be utilised within generic mental health services. It critically reflects on the phenomenology of integrating EMDR into a PCMHS and it has encouraged the training of other EMDR clinicians outside of the primary care mental health team.
Keywords: Generic Primary Care Symposium Training Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
399. Yordy, J. (2008, Mai). Intégration des techniques de gymnastique cérébrale et de psychologie énergétique afin d’améliorer le traitement EMDR avec les enfants et les adultes [Integrating brain gym & energy techniques to Enhance EMDR processing (for children and adults)]. Présentation à la Conférence EMDR Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Cet atelier regroupe à la fois des éléments de la théorie triunique du cerveau, la kinésiologie éducative et les développements récents sur le fonctionnement du cerveau. Le matériel présenté aidera le thérapeute EMDR à comprendre pourquoi le retraitement des traumas cesse ou bloque pendant les stimulations bilatérales avec certains clients lorsqu’il cible du matériel traumatique. L’atelier aborde aussi l’évolution et le développement du cerveau et comment des informations sensorielles envahissantes peuvent déclencher des réactions primaires qui bloquent un fonctionnement adapté du cerveau. Une portion de la discussion portera sur la relation entre les 3 vecteurs énergétiques du cerveau/corps et leur influence sur le retraitement des traumatismes. Enfin, cet atelier présente et offre des outils et stratégies que les cliniciens peuvent utiliser pour aider leurs clients à être présents, équilibrés et intégrés au plan énergétique de façon à optimiser le travail avec l’EMDR.

Integrating Brain Gym and Energy Techniques to Enhance EMDR Processing is a presentation which encompasses the Triune Brain Theory, Educational Kinesiology and recent research on Brain development and functioning. Information will be presented which will help EMDR trained therapists to understand why their clients stop processing while conducting bilateral stimulation for issues related to trauma. This workshop will look at evolutionary brain development and how overwhelming sensory information can trigger the brain into habitual “bottom up” processing which will block adaptive functioning. A discussion of the three energy vectors of the brain/body and their influence on trauma processing will also be correlated. The workshop will end with the sharing of practical, hands on tools which therapists can use to assist clients to become energetically present, balanced and to have integrated brain functioning for optimal EMDR processing.
Keywords: Brain Gym Energy Techniques
Accuracy Verified: Yes
400. Nutting, R. W. (2003, May). The integration of EMDR and body dialogue. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Rome, Italy.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper details the Body Dialogue process and the EMDR protocol for its use and presents two case studies that demonstrate this integrative technique. Recent studies show that trauma can profoundly affect the body. Many symptoms felt by individuals who have experienced trauma appear to be somatically based. Imprinted memories from 'big T' traumas and 'little t' traumas appear to have their origins sometimes decades before the body 'remembers'. When triggered by a present stimulus, these imprinted body memories recur and the body relives the past trauma. Most methods of trauma counselling and therapy address only the cognitive and emotional components of trauma, lacking the techniques that work directly with the physiological components of past traumatic incidents. The Body Dialogue technique (Stone J, Stone H, Stone S) offers a way to explore the psychological significance of sensations such as pain, motor impulses, muscular tension, trembling, breathing and heart rate. Since such somatic disturbances contain emotional and cognitive components, this dialogue process is able to identify and explore the deep psychological issues surrounding these imprinted body sensations and muscular reactions. The Body Dialogue process is integrated into the EMDR protocol (Shapiro, 2002) when the individual is confronted with body sensations. Having identified the issues (traumas) surrounding these sensations using the dialogue technique, the EMDR protocol is resumed. This enables the processing of the original trauma to occur as well as the instillation of a positive belief. During the therapeutic process using these two therapies, the therapist never has to touch the client.
Keywords: Body Dialogue
Accuracy Verified: Yes
401. Konuk, E., & Epozdemir, H. (2010, June). The integration of EMDR and brief strategic therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Directives and strategic interventions were used in therapy for the first time almost half a century ago by a small number of 'communication researchers' at MRI (Mental Research institute) in Palo Alto. California. First time in the history of therapy, the therapist was not alone with the dent in the therapy room. He began inviting to the sessions the family members. people who are contributing to the problem and people who will come up and help to find solutions. The radical difference was that; The Palo Alto Group was not preoccupied with searching the reasons why there is a problem. Their emphasis was to find a solution to the problems the individual or the family is having. Therefore they always asked how change is possible. Another major shift in therapy was that: they focused not on the "intra-psychic" phenomena but on the relationships. Hence the terms 'interactional' and 'systemic'. They assumed that, if you can manage to change the interaction (behavior) or the system (how the family gets organized around the problem) you can overcome the problem. Another contribution was that the new map or the new paradigm was large enough to allow the therapist to incorporate and use varieties of techniques that belong to other approaches without any confusion. In '50s and '60s therapy used to take couple of sessions a week for many years. The Interactional or the Systemic approach heaped reduce the number of sessions per client to an average of 7-15 sessions. They coined the term 'Brief' to described their approach. Traditionally the new approach took several names: Interactional Therapy, Family Therapy, Brief Strategic Family Therapy, Systemic Family Therapy, Solution Focus Therapy and some others. One of the approaches that Family and Marriage Therapists integrate efficiently into their practice is EMDR. Especially when trauma is particularly having a role in the formation of the problem, then EMDR 18 a "life saver" for the therapist. Our learning objectives are: 1. to describe basic principles and techniques of EMDR and Brief Strategic Family Therapy 2 to explain the rationale of integrating EMDR and BSFT 3 to demonstrate skills on designing and implementing an intervention. The innovative view which stands behind this workshop is that the BSFT and EMDR can be efficiently integrated, which has not been frequentiy addressed in previous literature. At times the therapist may need to intervene in the process by using interventions other than BSFT EMDR very nicely serves this purpose without causing any mental confusion on the part of the therapist and the client.
Keywords: Brief Strategic Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
402. Lyhus, K. E. (2003, April). Integration of EMDR with other therapeutic approaches: A survey investigation. Catholic University of America, Washington, DC. AAT 3067496.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The present study examined assimilative integration, i.e., when techniques from various therapeutic approaches are imported into a single, consistent theoretical framework. Specifically, the aim of this study was to investigate how Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a manualized therapeutic approach originally developed as a treatment for traumatic memories, is incorporated into clinical practice. In assimilative integration, elements of the EMDR protocol would be expected to be conceptualized and possibly modified in ways that are consistent with the therapist's theoretical framework. A survey design, using web-based questionnaires, was implemented to gather information from therapists who use EMDR. Therapists responded to a broad range of questions regarding their theoretical orientation, involvement in EMDR organizations, and practice of EMDR. A large sample (N = 532) was obtained, and results demonstrated that most therapists integrated EMDR with other therapeutic methods. Further, there was some evidence that therapists were practicing assimilative integration. Specifically, therapists typically added methods consistent with their primary theoretical orientation and conceptualized the effective elements of EMDR as those that were most consistent with their orientation. Most therapists reported using most of the elements of the EMDR protocol, perhaps reflecting the high level of interest in EMDR among therapists in the sample. However, there were some differences related to therapists' level of commitment to EMDR. For example, members of the EMDR International Association used more elements of the protocol and were more likely to report that they did not combine other methods with EMDR when compared to nonmembers. The diagnosis of the client was also an important factor in how EMDR was integrated into treatment. For example, therapists treating clients with PTSD were more likely to report on their use of EMDR as the primary therapeutic approach and to integrate cognitive/behavioral methods than were those treating clients with other disorders. This study was among the first to examine the process of assimilative integration. The findings show that psychotherapy integration varies by therapists' base theoretical orientation, client factors, and therapists' commitment to the treatment method being integrated. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 63(10-B), Apr 2003, pp. 4912.
Keywords: Assimulative Integration Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Traumatic Memories
Accuracy Verified: Yes
403. Faretta, E. (2004, June). Integration of hypnotic therapy with EMDR for the treatment of panic disorder: Report of twelve single case studies. In anxiety disorders and EMDR (A. de Jongh, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The author describes a special protocol she designed for the psychotherapy of Panic Disorders based upon a precise integration of Ericksonian hypnotic techniques with EMDR. This symposium presentation reports on the results of twelve completed singles cases and four in which treatment will still be ongoing at the time of the conference. This therapy approach is based upon the standard EMDR protocol and it eight phases of treatment. However, a noteworthy aspect of this intervention is the comprehensive management of the panic episodes themselves. This protocol assists the client in learning to cope with all the symptomology related to panic attacks, that is, the physiological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. The first panic attach is considered the primary traumatic event. From this beginning point, the client is taught to face, step by step, the subsequent panic attacks utilizing both hynotherapeutic strategies and the EMDE processing. This protocol has permitted the successful processing of the memories related to the panic episodes (including imagining of the entire scene from start to finish), appropriate cognitive restructuring of the elements of irrational fear, and planned exposure through encouragement and support for confronting avoid situations and places. A conclusion of treatment is an agreement to face new situations of life that had seemed impossible before treatment because of the level of fear.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Case Study Hypnosis Integrated Approach Panic Disorder Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
404. Faretta, E., & Parietti, P. (2003, May). Integration of hypnotic therapy with EMDR in the psychodynamic treatment of panic attacks disorder: Trauma and panic. In Anxiety disorders. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The authors illustrate here a special intervention plan that has demonstrated particular benefit in the treatment of Panic Disorder. They introduce here a specific modality of treatment, based upon the integration of hypnotic techniques with EMDR, and following a carefully planned procedure. This modality of treatment is comprised of several steps that allow the articulation of a structured intervention. This precise scheme of work is based on the eight phases of EMDR and its integration with hypnosis therapy. The authors present an elaborated single case study of one patient with Panic Disorder along with summaries of several others who were treated with this integrated modality. The results of the intervention show a noteworthy decrease in the frequency of panic attacks, a reduction in anticipatory anxiety, the alleviation of the somatic symptoms, depression, and other difficulties associated with this disorder. These clinical case studies suggest the efficacy of this modality of EMDR integrated with hypnosis, and encourage further research in this area. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Hypnotic Therapy Hypnotism Panic Attacks Psychodynamic Therapy Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
405. Korn, D. (1995, June). Integrative and strategic utilization of EMDR in treating survivors of sexual abuse. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation will focus on integrating EMDR into an overall treatment plan and utilizing EMDR in conjunction with other cognitive behavioral approaches. Strategic utilization of EMDR to move clients through the various stages of recovery will be discussed. 1) In the first stage of treatment, safety, stabilization, coping, and development of a strong therapeutic relationship are emphasized. Treatment focuses on decreasing (1) suicidal and parasuicidal behavior, (2) treatment - interfering behavior, and (3) quality-of-life-interfering behavior (Linehan, 1993). Efforts are made to assist the client in developing a repertoire of cognitive-behavioral coping skills; relevant skills address grounding, trigger awareness, basic self - care, mindfullness, distress tolerance, affect regulation, assertiveness, relaxation, self - monitoring, stress inoculation, and cognitive restructuring. At this stage, EMDR can be used to shift negative cognitions which interfere with commitment to treatment, skill development, and the restoration of hope. The following are examples of negative cognitions whlch interfere with first stage stabilization goals: - I will only get acknowledgment of my pain if I act out. - I don't deserve to feel better. - If I take care of myself, no one will know I hurt. - I'm pathetic, a failure. - I will die/go crazy fiom these feelings. - I can never do anything right. - I can't stand this feeling. I must cut myself. - Don't trust anyone or anything. Newly learned information about coping can be reinforced and further integrated in the course of an EMDR session. Clients can be encouraged to notice their ability to tolerate affect and to practice their assertiveness skills, grounding skills, mindfulness skills, etc. 2) In the second stage of treatment, the focus is on processing traumatic memories and decreasing behaviors related to post-traumatic stress. EMDR interventions can be designed to assist clients with specific recovery tasks or issues: - fear/terror and associated avoidance - sense of powerlessnesshelplessness - responsibility/accountability - safety - self, others, environment - self-esteem/self as bad, defective, unlovable - lack of individuation - dependency - anger - grief/mouming - trust/mistrust - fear of abandonment - guilt/self-blame - shame/self-loathing With regard to each of these issues, maladaptive schemas can be addressed via effective cognitive interweave strategies. Ideas for supplementing EMDR work with written assignments, imagery exercises, recovery rituals, and planned in vivo exposure will be discussed. Strategies for handling possible problems, obstacles, or resistance at this stage will also be noted. Finally, the role of ongoing assessment and data collection in making decisions about EMDR targets will be addressed. 3) In the third stage of treatment, the emphasis is on personal development and increased connection with others. Recovery tasks and issues addressed via EMDR include: - Increasing intimacy and healthy connections - Increasing self-esteem - Increasing self-efficacy and sense of mastery - Reclaiming sexuality - Increasing self-efficacy and sense of mastery - Identity exploration and development - Establishing goals, initiating new projects, and taking reasonable risks At this stage, EMDR can be useful in detecting remnants of shame, fear, etc. In addition, EMDR can be used to reduce anxiety and increase confidence as a client sets his/her sights on the future and prepares to face new and challenging situations. EMDR can aid in the generalization of skills and adaptive schemas across time and place. It can facilitate the integration of a new, more positive and vital self-image. The presentation will conclude with a videotape case presentation highlighting relevant recovery tasks and issues in applying EMDR at a specific stage of treatment.
Keywords: Sexual Abuse Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
406. Kim, N. (2011, Spring). An integrative program to treat refugees suffering from PTSD through group EMDR. Saint Mary’s College of California. 1502784.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this project was to provide a guide for practioners to treat refugees who are suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder with eye movement desensitization reprocessing in a group environment. The literature has shown that using EMDR in a group setting can be effective in treating a larger number of individuals than individual psychotherapy. In addition, the structure of the group presented is a brief group intervention model aimed at treating groups of six to eight individuals in four to eight weekly sessions.
Keywords: Groups Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
407. Wade, T., & Wade, D. (2001, January-April). Integrative psychotherapy: Combining ego-state therapy, clinical hypnosis, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in a psychosocial developmental context. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(3-4), 233-245. doi:10.1080/00029157.2001.10404279.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The principles of this conceptual framework are: (1) personality organization is dissociative as well as associative, consisting of ego states, and progresses through stages of psychosocial development; (2) inappropriately activated ego states cause dysfunction, which is habitual or due to the intense affect of disrupted development or unresolved grief or trauma; (3) completely overcoming dysfunction requires therapy with both individual ego states and the personality system; (4) clinical hypnosis provides techniques to enhance accessing ego states; and (5) EMDR combines ego-state therapy with eye movements (EMs) to produce a powerful psychotherapy method. During assessment, ego states responsible for dysfunctional emotional reactions and behavior are identified together with those that could be appropriate instead. Included in the treatment protocol, EMs and clinical hypnosis promote: (1) corrective developmental experiences; (2) resolution of grief and trauma; (3) acquisition of skills and abilities; (4) co-consciousness; and (5) negotiation among ego states. The outcome is an integrated “family of self” that has effectively overcome developmental crises, grief, and trauma, is aware of essential inner resources, and can consciously activate appropriate ego states. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Clinical Hypnosis Ego Ego-State Therapy Hypnotherapy Integrative Psychotherapy Review Multimodal Treatment Approach Psychosocial Development Psychosocial Developmental Context
Accuracy Verified: Yes
408. Maxfield, L. (2007). Integrative treatment of intrafamilial child sexual abuse. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 344-364). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter discusses childhood sexual abuse (CSA); the role of the family after disclosure; theoretical conceptualizations; and family systems therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of CSA. A combination of family therapy and EMDR can provide thorough comprehensive treatment for the child and nonoffending family members. The integrated treatment process developed by this author has four stages, as further discussed here. To simplify, the family situation is configured as a nonoffending protective mother with a child abused by the mother's husband or live-in boyfriend. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Childhood Sexual Abuse Family Systems Theory Family Systems Therapy Family Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Integrative Treatment Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
409. Hain, B., Micka, R., Wiegand, C,, Hofmann, A., & Seidler, G. H. (2004, September). Integrierte traumaassoziierte kurzzeittherapie für akuttraumatisierte (INTAKT)1 - Ergebnisse einer pilot-studie zur wirksamkeit von ressourcenorientierter behandlung in der gruppe und EMDR [Integrated trauma associated short-term psychotherapy for acute traumatized patients (INTAKT ) - Results from a study including a small population (n=16) about the effectiveness of ressource-oriented treatment in groups in combination with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)]. Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik, 4(3), 277-296 .

Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Die INTAKT (Integrated traumaassociated kurzfristige Psychotherapie) eingeführt wurde, eine Intervention in einem "Ambulante Ressource-orientierten Gruppe" ARG für akute traumatisierten Patienten in Kombination mit EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization und die Wiederaufbereitung). Die Studie und die wichtigsten Ergebnisse ausgesetzt sind. Durch den Vergleich der Behandlungen "ARG" und "INTAKT" wird gezeigt, dass Interventionen Gruppe wirksam bei akuter-traumatisierten Patienten und hilfsbereit im Laufe der Behandlung sind. Für einige Patienten der Gruppe Interventionen führen zu einer signifikanten Reduktion Symptom. Für andere die stabilisierende Wirkung der "Ambulante Ressource-orientierten Gruppe" ermöglichen diesen Patienten zu einer frühen Übergang zu EMDR. Die Wirkung der INTAKT-Behandlung scheint zu sein, besser als die anderen Behandlungen.

The INTAKT (Integrated traumaassociated short-term psychotherapy) was introduced, a intervention in a "Ambulant Ressource-oriented Group" ARG for acute traumatized patients in combination with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). The study and the most important results are exposed. By comparing the treatments "ARG" and "INTAKT" is shown, that group interventions are effective for acute-traumatized patients and helpful in the course of the treatment. For some patients the group interventions lead to a significant symptom reduction. For others the stabilizing effects of the "Ambulant Ressource-oriented Group" enable these patients to a early transition to EMDR. The effect of the INTAKT-treatment seems to be superior to the other treatments.
Keywords: Adult Behavior Therapy Controlled Study Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Female Human Imagination Male Psychotherapy Psychotrauma Treatment Outcome
Accuracy Verified: Yes
410. Cottencin, O., & Doutrelugne, Y. (2009, Avril). Intérêt de l'EMDR dans la prise en charge des traumatismes psychiques [EMDR in the treatment of psychological trauma]. Journal International de Victimologie [International Journal of Victimology], 7(1), 1-8.

Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
L’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) est aujourd’hui de plus en plus inscrite dans le traitement psychothérapeutique de l’état de stress post traumatique (ESPT) et le monde anglo-saxon nous donne à lire de nombreuses études contrôlées qui montrent la preuve de son efficacité même en comparaison d’autres types d’intervention (psychothérapeutiques ou médicamenteuses). Nous présentons ici les résultats d’une étude Cochrane au sujet de l’efficacité de cette thérapie. Puis nous exposons l’EMDR tant sur un plan théorique que pratique et ses parentés avec l’hypnothérapie au regard de son histoire au sein de l’école de Palo Alto et des liens cliniques et historiques de l’hypnose avec le traumatisme psychique.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is now increasingly entered in the psychotherapeutic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Anglo-Saxon gives us to read many controlled studies that show evidence its very effectiveness compared to other types of interventions (psychotherapeutic or drug). We present here the results of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of this therapy. Then we expose EMDR as a theory and practice and its kinship with hypnotherapy in terms of its history in the Palo Alto and links clinical and history of hypnosis with the psychological trauma.
Keywords: Internet Mental Trauma Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
411. Cottencin, O. (2008, Juin). Intérêt de l’EMDR dans la prise en charge du traumatisme psychiques [Interest of EMDR in the treatment of psychic trauma]. In J. Geneste (Moderateur) Ivresse et trauma: Un autre regard, Un document présenté a la 10es Journées Scientifiques Internationales des Cump, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
L’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) est aujourd’hui de plus en plus inscrite dans le traitement psychothérapeutique de l’état de stress post traumatique (ESPT) et le monde anglo-saxon nous donne à lire de nombreuses études contrôlées qui montrent la preuve de son efficacité même en comparaison d’autres types d’intervention (psychothérapeutiques ou médicamenteuses). Nous présentons ici les résultats d’une étude Cochrane au sujet de l’efficacité de cette thérapie. Puis nous exposons l’EMDR tant sur un plan théorique que pratique et ses parentés avec l’hypnothérapie au regard de son histoire au sein de l’école de Palo Alto et des liens cliniques et historiques de l’hypnose avec le traumatisme psychique.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing and) is now more longer registered in the psychotherapeutic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Anglo-Saxon gives us to read many studies controlled evidence showing its effectiveness even in comparison with other types of interventions (psychotherapeutic or drug). We present here the results of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of this therapy. Then we expose EMDR as a theory and practice and its kinship with hypnotherapy in terms of its history in the Palo Alto and links clinical and history of hypnosis with the psychological trauma.
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
412. Chang, S. H. & Lee, Y. H. (2005, August). Interfering CLEM reduces vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories. Presentation at the 2005 American Psychological Association Annual Convention, Washington, DC C. (NSC 93-2413-H-002-002-).

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Research background: It was noted that when people recalled an emotional event, there is a spontaneous eye movements during retrieval of memory, known as conjugate lateral eye movements (CLEM). Eye movements during mental imagery are not epiphenomenal but assist the process of image generation (Hebb, 1968; Brandt & Stark, 1997). If restricted to a fixed point, then the image of recall is impaired (Laeng & Teodorescu 2002). These findings might shed light on why bilateral eye movements during imagery could decrease vividness and emotionality of recollections. Objectives: Based on the above findings, this study examined possible therapeutic mechanism of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989, 1995, 2001), of which eye movement was a crucial treatment component. Specifically, the hypothesis that interfering CLEM via introducing bilateral eye movements or a fixed position could reduce vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories was examined in the present study. Further, whether there are different CLEMs (more rightward in positive and more leftward in negative) during retrieval of positive and negative memories was also investigated. Method: Seventeen healthy volunteers recalled two positive and two negative memories and rated their vividness and emotionality of the recollections. Next, memories were recalled whilst the participant was performing either bilateral eye movements (interference of CLEM) or mere image condition (non-interference of CLEM). Then participants were asked to recall the event again and to rate its vividness and emotionality. Vividness and emotionality ratings were analyzed using a 2 (EM condition: bilateral eye movement vs. mere image) × 2 (valence of memory: positive vs. negative) × 2 (time: before vs. after the intervention) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). During the first and last recall of each memory CLEM were recorded by a digital camera. To examine the effect of CLEM during recollections on emotionality and vividness of autobiographical memories, eye movements in each recall were counted into percentage time of eye gaze in three regions (leftward, middle, rightward), instead of counting the first lateral eye movement as used by the traditional method. Results: Compared to mere image condition, recollections after bilateral eye movements made subsequent recollections less vivid and less emotive, while the opposite was true for mere image condition. Regarding vividness, the 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA showed that there was a significant condition × time interaction. None of the other interactions or main effects reached significance. Simple main effect indicated that the change in vividness was significant in the mere image condition, but not in the eye movement condition. As to emotionality, the three way ANOVA showed that there was also a significant condition × time interaction. None of the other interactions or main effects reached significance. Simple main effect indicated that the change in emotionality was significant in the mere image condition, and in eye movement condition. Concerning percentage of gaze direction (left, right) in positive and negative memories, pair t test showed that there was a significant right gaze difference between positive and negative memories, and approached significant left gaze difference between positive and negative memories. With regard to CLEM, negative memories showed less right gazes and more left gazes than positive memories. Conclusion:The bilateral eye movements made autobiographical memories less vivid and less emotive than mere image condition, while mere image increased the vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories. Further, there is different CLEM for negative and positive memories. While the hypothesis that interference of CLEM reduced the vividness and emotionality of autobiographical memories was confirmed, the role of eye movement in the EMDR was discussed and future research possibilities are proposed.
Keywords: Autobiographical Memory CLEM Eye Movements Gaze Direction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
413. Spence, J. M., & Johnston, L. (2011, August-September). Internet-based CBT and EMDR for posttraumatic stress disorder: the results from two trials. Presentation at the 41st EABCT annual conference, Reykjavík, Iceland.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objectives: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe, distressing, and chronic condition. Limited availability of appropriately trained professionals is a significant barrier to accessing appropriate treatment. This presentation reports the results of two pilot studies: (i) a pilot RCT of Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); (ii) an open trial of Internetbased eye movement desensitzation and reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD. RCT: Internet-delivered CBT Methods: 43 people with PTSD were randomly allocated to receive clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment for PTSD, or to a waitlist control condition. Participants in the clinician-assisted version received access to the 7-lesson PTSD program plus regular emails from a clinician, automatic reminder emails, and access to an online discussion forum. Results: Participants reported significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, depression and anxiety (Cohen’s d respectively: 1.3, 1.2 and 0.7). Furthermore, participant satisfaction with the treatment program was high. Conclusions: PTSD is a disabling disorder, but access to treatment is limited for many people. Developing addditional effective techniques for treating patients with PTSD is an important priority for mental health clinicians. OPEN TRIAL: Internet-delivered EMDR Methods: This trial is due to commence in March, 2011 and will run for 8 weeks. It involves 15 people with PTSD allocated to receive internet-based EMDR in addition to the existing internetbased CBT protocol used in the above RCT. To our knowledge, this is the first time that EMDR has been delivered via the internet or tested despite EMDR being recommended as a first-line intervention for PTSD by several treatment guidelines for PTSD [1, 2]. We expect that clinically significant improvements will be observed and that participants will rate the EMDR module as acceptable.
Keywords: Internet-Based CBT Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
414. Albers, J. (2010, July). The interplay of resourcefulness and resilience in recovery: A six session approach treating addictive behaviour, an extended EMDR protocol. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A structured six-session group therapy has been developed and approved for overcoming craving. The six session protocol can easily be integrated to well-applied EMDR protocols (DeTur from Popky, CravEx from Haase) supported by systematic implementation of cue exposure techniques and guided imagery. The EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure catalyses the recovery process as follows: At the beginning the patients are taught a set of three ideodynamic resources for coping with the urge to drink; “Rewards of sobriety”, “Support of relatives and friends” and “Irrepressible commitment to sobriety”. The patients learn rapid activation of these resources by the use of the “Seven Cue Word Induction–technique” and kinaesthetic bilateral stimulation (SingleblAiR). Then they are exposed to alcohol until the urge to drink reaches it´s peak. At this moment they are taught to initialize resourcefulness - with continued exposure to alcohol. Subsequently, the power of one ideodynamic strategy diminishes the intensity of craving significantly. Craving symptoms finally disappear and are replaced by self-reinforcing thoughts and feelings due to state dependent learning. In addition to this new experience the patients acquire a high level of self-efficacy as well as greater and deeper knowledge about their personal drinking triggers. They also find out which strategy is the most effective one for each specific trigger. After regaining self-control over triggers, the patients are more receptive to working with their core addiction issues, which have now become easier to treat by especially using Desensitization and Reprocessing of the Standard- EMDR protocol. Workshop participants will become acquainted with the six-session protocol by the use of DVD-demonstrations and by practising. In addition they will receive a manual with standardised instructions. Finally they will also be given the opportunity to participate in a cross-cultural research project proving the effectiveness of the six-step program which starts in 2011. This approach is designed to improve the treatment of various types of addiction and can easily be integrated into existing EMDR treatment strategies.
Keywords: Addiction Addictive Behavior Resourcefulness Resilience
Accuracy Verified: Yes
415. Alfonso, S. D. S. (2010, Octubre/Noviembre). Intervenção do EMDR em uma situação de luto traumático infantil: Vivência de uma criança de seis anos no adoecimento e morte de sua irmã de dois anos vítima de leucemia [EMDR intervention in a situation of traumatic grief in children: Experience of a six year old child in illness and death of her sister two years a victim of leukemia]. Ponencia presentada en el II Congreso Iberoamericano de EMDR y Psicotrauma, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Leukemia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
416. Affonso, S. D. S. (2012, Novembro). Intervenção do EMDR em uma situação de luto traumático infantil: Vivência de uma criança de seis anos no adoecimento e morte de sua irmã de dois anos vítima de leucemia [EMDR intervention in a situation of childhood traumatic grief: Experiences of a child of six years in the illness and death of her sister two years of leukemia victim]. In EMDR na infância. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Em uma família com estrutura complexa: a mãe vive há 14 anos durante o dia com o companheiro que é casado com outra mulher (com quem passa as noites) e teve dois filhos desse relacionamento. Importante ressaltar que a mãe vivia nas ruas e teve uma nova chance ao ser acolhida por uma madrinha. A menina, de dois anos, adoeceu e faleceu vítima de leucemia. O menino, de seis anos, passou a apresentar comportamento agressivo na escola, dificuldade de aprendizagem, dispersão e insônia. A madrinha foi quem procurou o EMDR por telefone. Com seis sessões, intercalando atendimentos à mãe e à criança, com uso de EBs auditivos para a mãe e EBs visuais para o segundo, desenhos para ambos, relato de sonhos, e na última sessão com mãe e filho, com o uso de um ritual de despedida com a linha do tempo. Nesta última, contaram sobre as melhoras do menino em dormir e em seu aproveitamento escolar. Aproveitaram para dizer que os sonhos continuavam encaminhados e estavam finalmente começando a dar certo.

In a family with complex structure: the mother lives 14 years ago during the day with a partner who is married to another woman (who spends his nights) and had two children from that relationship. Importantly, the mother lived on the streets and had another chance to be accepted by a sponsor. The girl, two years old, fell ill and died of leukemia. The boy, six years old, began to show aggressive behavior in school, learning difficulties, insomnia and dispersion. The godmother was the one who tried EMDR by phone. With six sessions, alternating visits to the mother and child, using EBs hearing for the mother and for the second visual EBs, drawings for both reporting of dreams, and last sessions with mother and child, with the use of a ritual farewell to the timeline. In the latter, told the boy about the improvements in sleep and in their school. Took the opportunity to say that dreams were still underway and finally starting to go right.
Keywords: Childhood Trauma Family Grief Process
Accuracy Verified: Yes
417. Pereira, I. (2012, Novembro). Intervenção psicoterapêutica no tratamento de paciente com a síndrome de fibromialgia [Psychotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome]. In EMDR e fibromialgia. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivo: Compartilhar a remissão dos sintomas da Síndrome da Fibriomialgia, com a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR – Dessensibilização e Reprocessamento através de movimentos oculares. R.M.S. iniciou seu tratamento psicoterapêutico em Outubro de 2010, na Abordagem Cognitiva Comportamental. R.M.S. nasceu em 23/06/1957, estava com 53 anos, viúva, tem duas filhas, uma solteira a outra casada. Sofria um luto há mais de três anos porque não aceitava a morte do marido. Apresentava Depressão e Ansiedade, e outras comorbidades: Anorexia Nervosa, Lúpus, Síndrome de Fibriomialgia. De Outubro de 2010 a Dezembro de 2011, a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica em TCC foi associada à medicação psicotrópica com a qual conseguiu redução dos sintomas depressivos. Fazia uso de outros medicamentos para a Síndrome da Fibriomialgia, Lúpus, assim como recorrentes internações em hospital de Clinica Médica Geral para a realização de procedimentos para a redução da dor intensa no corpo (Síndrome da Fibriomialgia) e de intervenção aos sintomas da Anorexia. Após um período de férias, entraram em contato comigo informando que a paciente estava hospitalizada permanecendo duas semanas com a hipótese diagnóstica de câncer, o que na sequência não foi confirmado, tendo recebido alta hospitalar. A dor intensa no corpo, a dificuldade para respirar permaneciam iguais. Solicitou o retorno para a psicoterapia, quando foi sugerido sobre a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR. As sessões foram realizadas conforme protocolo do EMDR. Para o Planejamento das Sessões o foco incial era a Síndrome de Fibriomialgia. Foi pedido à paciente para definir onde ela sentia mais dor no corpo, e de imediato mencionou a dificuldade para respirar, com a queixa de dor no peito. Nesta primeira sessão, ocorreram dessensibilização e reprocessamento rapidamente, tendo a mesma solicitado para trabalhar os braços. As sessões foram realizadas duas a três vezes na semana, e ao longo deste processo podem ser ouvidas frases tais quais: “Como pode passei por tantos médicos e estou sendo curada com por uma psicóloga” (sic); “Gastei com tanto medicamento, aqui com você não tomo remédio e não estou sentindo mais dor no meu corpo” (sic). A terapia prossegue a Intervenção Psicoterapêutica EMDR.

Objective: Share remission Syndrome Fibriomialgia, Psychotherapeutic Intervention with EMDR - Desensitization and Reprocessing through eye movements. R.M.S. began her psychotherapeutic treatment in October 2010, Cognitive Behavioral Approach. R.M.S. born on 06.23.1957, he was 53 years old, a widow, has two daughters, one married another maiden. He suffered a bereavement for over three years because they did not accept her husband's death. Presented Depression and Anxiety, and other comorbidities: Anorexia Nervosa, Lupus, Fibriomialgia Syndrome. From October 2010 to December 2011, Psychotherapeutic Intervention in CBT was associated with psychotropic medication which could reduce depressive symptoms. Made use of other medications for Fibriomialgia Syndrome, Lupus, as well as recurrent hospital admissions in Medical Clinic General to carry out procedures for the reduction of pain in the body (Fibriomialgia Syndrome) and intervention for symptoms of Anorexia. After a vacation, contacted me stating that the patient was hospitalized two weeks remaining in the diagnosis of cancer, which as a result was not confirmed, having been discharged. Severe pain in the body, difficulty breathing remained the same. Requested the return for psychotherapy, when it was suggested on EMDR Psychotherapeutic Intervention. The sessions were performed according to the protocol of EMDR. Planning sessions for the initial focus was Fibriomialgia Syndrome. The patient was asked to define where she felt more pain in the body, and immediately mentioned the difficulty breathing, complaining of chest pain. In this first session, desensitization and reprocessing occurred rapidly, with the same request to work the arms. The sessions were held two to three times a week, and during this process can be heard phrases such as: "How can so many doctors and I'm being healed by a psychologist with" (sic), "I spent with both medicine here I do not take medication with you and I'm not feeling more pain in my body "(sic). The therapy continues Psychotherapeutic Intervention EMDR.
Keywords: Comorbidity Fibromyalgia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
418. Abbate, V. (2009, Junio). Intervencion con EMDR en trastornos de la conducta alimentaria [EMDR Intervention in eating disorders]. Presentación en el X Congreso Internacional de Estrés Traumático y Trastornos de Ansiedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Keywords: Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
419. Abatte, V. (2009, Junio). Intervencion con EMDR en trastornos de la conducta alimentaria [EMDR intervention with eating disorders]. Presentación en X Congreso Internacional de Estres Traumatico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Keywords: Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
420. Cuttitta, D. (2010, Octubre/Noviembre). Intervencion EMDR en ninos en una terapia familiar [EMDR intervention in children in a family therapy]. Conferència presentada II Congreso Iberoamericano de EMDR y Psicotrauma, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Family Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
421. Maquierira, S., & Buthgen, C. (2005, Junio). Intervención en catástrofes. Un modelo integrativo con EMDR [Intervention in disasters. An integrative model with EMDR]. Presentación en el V Congreso Internacional de Trauma Psíquico y Estrés Traumático, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Keywords: Disasters
Accuracy Verified: Yes
422. Cuttitta, D. (2009, Junio). Intervención en niños con EMDR dentro de la terapia familiar [EMDR intervention for children within the family therapy]. Presentación en X Congreso Internacional de Estres Traumatico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Keywords: Children Intervention Family Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
423. Jarero, I., & Uribe, S. (2012). Intervención temprana en salud mental en una situación de masacre humana: Fosas clandestinas en durango 2011 [Early mental health intervention in human slaughter situation: Mass graves in 2011 Durango]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicotraumatología y Disociación, 4(1).

Language: Spanish
Format: Other
Abstract: Resumen. La Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos solicitó el apoyo de la Asociación Mexicana para Ayuda Mental en Crisis, con la solicitud de atender al personal forense de la Fiscalía General del Estado de Durango en México. Una sola sesión del Protocolo de EMDR para Incidentes Críticos Recientes fue brindada a 32 personas que estuvieron trabajando con 258 cuerpos recuperados de fosas clandestinas. Tanto los resultados estadísticos pre y post tratamiento, como el seguimiento que se hizo a los 3 y 5 meses, mostraron la mejoría de las personas atendidas y una significativa reducción en síntomas de estrés postraumático y de Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT), a pesar de que continuaron realizando el trabajo de recuperación de cuerpos extraídos de las fosas clandestinas y estuvieron expuestos continuamente a terribles estresores emocionales. Los resultados estadísticos obtenidos sugieren que la intervención ayudó a prevenir el desarrollo del TEPT en su fase crónica y a incrementar la resiliencia psicológica y emocional. Nota: Este documento es una reseña de dos artículos publicados por Ignacio Jarero y Susana Uribe en el Journal of EMDR Practice and Research durante 2011 y 2012 titulados The EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents: Application in a Human Massacre Situation y Follow-UP Report of an Application in a Human Massacre Situation.

Summary. The National Commission on Human Rights requested the support of the Mexican Association for Crisis Assistance Mental, with the request to address the forensic staff of the Attorney General of the State of Durango in Mexico. A single session of EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Incident was given to 32 people who were working with 258 bodies recovered from mass graves. Both statistical results before and after treatment, the monitoring was done at 3 and 5 months, showed the improvement of people served and significant reduction in symptoms of posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), despite they continued doing the work of recovery of bodies extracted from the mass graves and were continuously exposed to terrible emotional stressors. The statistical results obtained suggest that the intervention helped prevent the development of PTSD in its chronic phase and increase psychological and emotional resilience. Note: This document is a review of two articles published by Ignacio Uribe Jarero and Susanna in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research in 2011 to 2012 graduates The EMDR Protocol for Critical Incidents Recent: Application in Human Massacre Situation and Follow-Up Report of an Application in a Human Situation Massacre.
Keywords: Durango Early Intervention Human Slaughter Mass Graves
Accuracy Verified: Yes
424. Wesson, M., & Gould, M. (2009). Intervening early with EMDR on military operations: A case study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 91-97. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.91.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The U.K. armed forces are currently involved in a number of military operations throughout the world. Offering structured psychological interventions such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in theater has a number of potential advantages. This single-case study describes how the EMDR recent event protocol (Shapiro, 1995) was used in theater with a 27-year-old active-duty U.K. soldier who was experiencing an acute stress reaction after treating a land mine casualty. The intervention took place 2 weeks posttrauma with four sessions conducted on consecutive days, resulting in a positive outcome, with the soldier able to return immediately to frontline duties. Treatment response was assessed with administration of four standardized measures at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 18-month follow-up. Treatment effects remained at 18-month follow-up. The challenges of conducting EMDR in operational theaters and clinical implications are explored.
Keywords: Early Interventions Military Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
425. Fernandez, I. (2008, Novembre). Interventi precoci con EMDR: Applicazione nei disturbi post-traumatici acuti con vittime di disastri collettivi [Early intervention with EMDR: Application in mass post-traumatic stress/acute disaster victims. Plenaria presentato le applicazioni cliniche di EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Questa relazione descrive l’applicazione dell’EMDR come trattamento precoce focalizzato sul trauma rivolto a bambini coinvolti in diastri collettivi (disastri naturali, incidenti e provocato in modo intenzionale dalla mano dell’uomo). Il trattamento con EMDR in tutti questi casi è stato parte di un intervento con questa popolazione ed è stato il trattamento di elezione di bambini in età scolastica che erano stati i più esposti a eventi traumatici. In molti di questi casi, 3 cicli di sedute di EMDR sono stati organizzati ad un mese, a tre mesi e ad un anno dall’evento critico. I bambini hanno avuto delle sedute individuali nella maggior parte dei casi dato che avevano avuto una grave traumatizzazione, unite al lutto, dove avevano vissuto una minaccia alla propria vita e la perdita di amici e fratelli. Il supporto psicologico e il trattamento EMDR sono stati forniti anche ai genitori, al personale scolastico e questo aspetto è stato di fondamentale importanza negli ultimi interventi per rafforzare e mantenere i risultati nei bambini. I risultati di questionari e delle interviste cliniche per valutare la sintomatologia post-traumatica prima e dopo il trattamento verranno descritti durante la presentazione insieme ai dati del follow-up. Il gruppo trattato dimostra un miglioramento significativo dopo il trattamento con EMDR. L’analisi statistica dei risultati sarà descritta in modo approfondito. Durante la relazione verranno sottolineati gli aspetti clinici dell’applicazione dell’EMDR con i bambini dopo un trauma recente particolarmente grave. Le reazioni post-traumatiche di questo gruppo in età evolutiva sono state valutate, misurate e hanno dato delle informazioni rilevanti per questo campo di applicazione. Il trattamento EMDR con i genitori e con altri adulti coinvolti nel disastro e che era a contatto con i bambini si è rivelato un intervento chiave per quanto riguarda la sintomatologia dei bambini. A conclusione verranno presentate delle linee guida e delle indicazioni per la strutturazione di interventi sulla base di questi studi sul campo.

This report describes the application of EMDR as early treatment focused on trauma facing children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and pollution in intentionally by man). Treatment with EMDR in all these cases was part of an intervention with this population and was the treatment of choice for school-age children who were most exposed to events traumatic. In many of these cases, 3 cycles of EMDR sessions were held one month, three months and one year after the event critical. The children have had some individual sessions in most cases because they had severe trauma, united in mourning, where they had lived a threat to his life and the loss of friends and brothers. Psychological support and treatment EMDR was provided to parents, staff school and this aspect was of paramount importance in recent efforts to reinforce and keep the results in children. The results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess the symptoms post trauma before and after treatment will be described during the presentation along with the data of follow-up. The treated group demonstrated significant improvement after treatment with EMDR. The statistical analysis of results will be described in detail. The report will be highlighted during the clinical application of EMDR with children after a recent trauma particularly serious. Post-traumatic reactions of this growing age group were assessed, measured and have information relevant to this scope. EMDR treatment with parents and other adults involved in disaster and who was in contact with children has proved a key intervention regarding symptoms of children. A conclusion will discuss the guidelines and indications for the structuring of interventions based on these field studies.
Keywords: Early Intervention Mass Disasters Plenary Recent Events
Accuracy Verified: Yes
426. Regourd-Laizeau, M., Martin-Krumm, C., & Tarquinio, C. (2012, March). Interventions dans le domaine du sport: Le protocole d’optimisme [Interventions in the field of sports: Protocol of optimism]. Pratiques psychologiques, 18(2), 189-204. doi:10.1016/j.prps.2012.02.001.

Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
L’optimisme peut être envisagé selon plusieurs approches. Il est possible d’envisager une approche directe comme, par exemple, la proposition de Carver et Scheier, 1982 et le concept d’optimisme dispositionnel. Il est également possible d’envisager une approche indirecte comme celle d’Abramson et al., 1978 et le concept de style explicatif optimiste. Quelle que soit l’option retenue, l’optimisme est associé principalement à des effets bénéfiques, et ce quels que soient les contextes : la santé, le monde du travail et de l’école, ou la performance sportive par exemple. En conséquence, mettre au point des techniques destinées à augmenter le niveau d’optimisme est devenu crucial dans différents domaines. Cet article a pour objectif de présenter brièvement certaines de ces techniques et de développer plus précisément l’apport de l’eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) au développement d’un style explicatif optimiste dans le domaine du sport. Les limites, mais aussi les pistes prometteuses seront précisées.

Summary: Optimism can be seen in several approaches. It is possible to consider a direct approach, for example, the proposal of Carver and Scheier, 1982 and the concept of dispositional optimism. It is also possible to consider an indirect approach like that of Abramson et al., 1978 and the concept of optimistic explanatory style. Whatever option is chosen, the optimism is mainly associated with beneficial effects, and whatever contexts: health, the world of work and school, or athletic performance for example. As a result, developing techniques to increase the level of optimism has become crucial in various fields. This article aims to briefly present some of these techniques and develop more precisely the contribution of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to develop an optimistic explanatory style in the field of sport. Limits, but also promising directions will