Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. 赵国秋 汪永光 王义强 付素芬 唐济生 曹日芳 [Zhao Guoqiu, Wang Yongguang, Wang Yiqiang, FU Shufen, Tang Jisheng, & Cao Rifang] (发表时间). 胶济铁路交通事故伤员心理危机干预结果分析 [The Analysis of Intervention for Casualties in the Accident on Jiaoji Railway on April 28]. 中国首届心理咨询师大会暨心理危机干预研讨会论文集.
Language: Chinese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
对22名ASD患者进行EMDR治疗，比较EMDR治疗前后的心理行为反应的差异。结果：有22名达到ASD（急性应激障碍）诊断标准，ASD发生率为9.73%，伤员中主要以闯入、警觉性增高表现为主，并伴随着其它的负性情绪体验。女性组心理行为反应结果明显重于男性组，女性组ASD...
(Based on the treatment of EMDR for 22 ASD patients, the comparison of psychological and behavior reaction between and after the treatment is shown. Results: there were 22 patients who reached to the diagnosis standard of ASD (Acute Stress Disorder). The incident rate is 9.73%. The major reaction is the increase of intrusive thoughts and alertness, with some other negative emotional experiences. The result of the psychological and behavior reaction of the female group is evidently stronger than that of the male group. The female group…)
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Jiaoji Railway
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Campbell-Beattie, J. (2005, December). Abbreviated protocols: The case of Mary. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
I had been working with Parnell's (1999) shortened protocols in a primary
health care setting where time and the number of sessions were limited.
Although the challenges are steep, they are surmountable when
incorporating flexibility to the standard protocol.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Crow, C., & Sause, E. (2007, June). Accessing preverbal trauma for effective adult EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Recent research (Moberg, 2003, The Oxytocin Factor) indicates the potential of early pre-verbal trauma to set up biochemical and neurological responses which activate certain triggers. Since the touchstone event is pre-verbal, it is difficult to identify, but crucial in the resolution of later traumas resistant to full EMDR processing (Those who remain stuck at a greater than 0 SUDs). The antedotal experience is that this model can activate the material more fully and facilitate more thorough competion of phases 4-8. "Once upon a Time" contains every element of the EMDR Protocol in the prescribed order, Incident, Image, NC, PC, VOC, Emotion, SUD, Body sensation. This experimental model is not a substitute for standard EMDR. It facilitates access tohese preverbal traumas and the resultant cognitions which may have formed around them. It allows for a return to the standard EMDR protocol after this early material has been effectively targeted and reprocessed. "Once Upon a Time" model allows for fuller connection with early material. History is collected through antedotal information from third party informants and family photographs and is used to create a metaphor; this technique can access the multiple modalities of pre-verbal experience previously intellectualized. Phase three begins with a short continuation of Phase 1 using an interview format to review and briefly discuss the various elements of the troubling material. A "sentence completion" format is used to obtain the TICES elements. Those spontaneous answers form the script for a "Once Upon a Time" (Crow, 2004, EMDRIA Montreal, Canada), a deviation from Phase 4 of the standard protocol. Pertinent examples of the application of this model will be discussed and demonstrated with video taped excerpts of actual clients. Video taped client reports of the long term effect of the shifts resulting from the "Once Upon a Time" experience will provide validation that this technique enables retur to the standard EMDR protocol and full processing of previously incompletely processed material. Participants will create their own "Once Upon a Time" script from a video example of client history as an experiential introduction to the intricacies of this model. Evidence indicates that this technique is effective on a "consultant" basis, where the "Once Upon a Time" can be conducted by a separate therapist skilled in the technique, and returned to their regular EMDR therapist to complete this treatment. Currently a study is underway utilizing a pre/post text design (N=10) and statistical analysis of the results to measure the quantitative change within the client.
Keywords: Model Poster Preverbal Trauma Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Dunne, T., & Farrell, D. (2009, March). Accredited, brand-named psychotherapies and the standard of evidence: A reply to Davidson. Clinical Psychology Forum, 195, 3-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Prof Davidson also trots out that old chestnut of McNally’s (1996 a & b) regarding EMDR to wit:
“What is new is not effective and what is effective is not new”. This has been effectively rebutted
by Perkins & Rouanzoin (2002) who convincingly, even for the most rabid of sceptics,
demonstrated that McNally, in dismissing EMDR as just another variant of systematic
desensitisation, failed to notice that, unlike EMDR, systematic desensitisation is not particularly
helpful in the treatment of PTSD. Perkins & Rouanzoin also showed how McNally misreported
data to support his contentions regarding EMDR whiles simultaneously excluding or ignoring
Van Etten & Taylor’s (1998) meta-analysis. Van Etten & Taylor concluded that EMDR is not
simply a variant of imaginal exposure, a conclusion which contradicts McNally’s argument but is
omitted by him. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Letter Standard of Evidence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Lescano, R. (2009, Junio). Adaptación de protocolo EMDR estándar a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria [Adaptation of standard EMDR Protocol to eating behavior disorders]. Presentación en X Congreso Internacional de Estres Traumatico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Keywords: Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Lescano, R. (2009, Junio). Adaptación de protocolo EMDR estándar a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria [Standard EMDR protocol adaptation to eating disorders]. Presentación en el IX Congreso Internacional de Estrés Traumático y Trastornos de Ansiedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Keywords: Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Wesselmann, D. (2009, August). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviors associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child’s ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, help the child stay regulated, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviors, coping, and relationships.
Keywords: Children RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Wesselmann, D. (2010, June). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviours. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviours associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child's ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, provide a secure holding environment, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviours, coping, and relationships.
Keywords: Children RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Miller, R., & Tay, K. H. (2009, August). Adapting the standard EMDR protocol for clients with mild mental retardation: Some guidelines and implications. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR as a psychotherapeutic approach has been shown to be effective. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the efficacy of EMDR for clients diagnosed with mild mental retardation. The DSM-IV defines mild mental retardation as below average intelligence (IQ between 70 and 55) along with some deficiencies in adaptive functioning skills demonstrated before age 18. The purpose of our clinical project was to explore the applicability of EMDR for our adult clients (n = 12; mean age 22.5) diagnosed with mild mental retardation by adapting the standard protocol. Studies showed that individuals with mental retardation learn and retain information more effectively when materials are presented to them in a visual, concrete, and interactive manner while utilizing the principles of positive reinforcements.
The prevalence of mental health problems and the wide range of clinical symptoms among these individuals have been reported in several studies. Additionally, these adults are misunderstood as being overly limited in their ability to reap any therapeutic benefit from counseling interventions. Prout and Strohmer (1998), for instance, argued that adults with mental retardation do benefit from counseling interventions. However, they stressed the need for more sophisticated or modified use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Psychotherapeutic techniques and models should be modified, if feasible, in regards to language and cognitive levels commensurate with the clients’ background.
Based on our clinical observations, the following are some examples of proposed guidelines to assist the EMDR clinicians in thinking more creatively when adapting the standard protocol.
1) Considerable amount of preparation at the onset of EMDR is necessary, as it plays a pivotal role in ensuring a successful outcome.
2) Visual depiction of the SUDs and VOCs on a scale of 0 through 5, or 0 through 10, depending on the client’s cognitive abilities is beneficial. Use of “faces” to depict concretely various levels of distress should be made.
3) The concepts of PC and NC may be too abstract for some in this population. We assist clients by operationally defining those concepts with the list of commonly used PCs and NCs in simpler language.
4) Coping resources are sometimes limited for these adults. Clients will benefit from having multiple reinforcements of self-soothing skills thorough the installation of the “safe place” and “resources”.
5) Positive reinforcements (e.g., frequent verbal reminders) should be used regularly in sessions throughout treatment. However, be mindful of clients’ desire to please the clinician.
6) Role-playing should be used when feasible throughout treatment, e.g., during the installation of future templates, as it heightens more sensory, affective, and behavioral modes of learning rather than verbal modality alone.
Based on the treatment outcomes reported by our clients, EMDR is an effective treatment option, as evidenced by sustained reduction in their level of distress to traumatic memories. Findings from this clinical project have practice and research implications. First, the standard protocol should be adapted for use with adults with mild mental retardation to achieve optimal gain. Second, empirical research is needed to provide further evidence for the efficacy of EMDR for adults with mild mental retardation.
Keywords: Mental Retardation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Leeds, A. (2008, September). Adaptive information processing, attachment theory and EMDR case conceptualization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
With complex cases many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.
Keywords: AIP Attachment Theory Case Conceptualization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Hensley, B. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing, targeting, the standard protocol, and strategies for successful outcomes in EMDR reprocessing. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 92-100. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.92.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article provides excerpts from each chapter of An EMDR Primer: From Practicum to Practice (Hensley, 2009) to assist novice eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinicians who are learning how to use this approach and to serve as a refresher for therapists who have not used EMDR consistently in their practices. Actual cases are presented that demonstrate various strategies that the therapist can use to help clients reach adaptive resolution of trauma. Tables and figures highlight important features to explain the obvious and subtle nuances of EMDR. Focal points are the following: (a) the adaptive information processing model; (b) the types of targets accessed during the EMDR process; (c) the 8 phases of EMDR; (d) the components of the standard EMDR protocol used during the assessment phase; (e) past, present, and future in terms of appropriate targeting and successful outcomes; and (f) strategies and techniques for dealing with challenging clients, high levels of abreaction, and blocked processing.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Cognitive Interweave Three-Pronged Approach Types of Targets Unblocking Strategies
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Vogelmann-Sine, S., Popky, A. J., Lazrove, S., Sine, L., Speare, J., Wade, D., & Wade, T. (1995, June). Advanced clinical applications of EMDR to addictive behaviors. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop addresses the application of standard and modified EMDR treatment protocols to addictive and compulsive
behaviors including substance abuse/dependence, overeating, smoking, love addiction. Individuals with addictive and compulsive
behaviors frequently have suffered from childhood trauma and neglect resulting in developmental arrests, as well as a variety of
maladaptive behaviors which are trauma-related and serve to minimize pain. The successful implementation of EMDR to addictive
behaviors requires that EMDR be used as part of an overall treatment program carefully addressing the needs of individuals who
have been traumatized and are exhibiting addictive behaviors. A thorough diagnostic work up is needed aimed at assessing
comorbidity, dissociation, and a detailed trauma history covering childhood traumas and traumas suffered as adults including
traumas that occur as a consequence of addictive behaviors. Careful client preparation is essential to assist individuals in coping
adequately with the high levels of emotion experienced during EMDR Clients' readiness to stop compulsive/addictive behaviors
needs to be carefully evaluated.
A decision tree aimed at determining the appropriateness of EMDR to individuals diagnosed with addictive behaviors is presented
which assists clinicians in minimizing the premature use of EMDR. EMDR is a client centered method, and thus, careful pacing is
needed with this population to reprocess underlying traumatic issues. This frequently implies utilizing a modified EMDR treatment
protocol with only partial resolutions of underlying traumatic material. Guidelines will be discussed to assist clinicians in selecting
EMDR targets for optional results which relate to the stages of recovery. EMDR can be used at all stages of recovery to neutralize
the negative impact of memories contributing to problematic behaviors, such as urges to use, ambivalence about treatment, fear of
facing painfull feelings from the past. EMDR also has the power to install templates for future actions which assist individuals with
skill deficits in more rapidly acquiring necessary skills for a successful recovery. Examples of cognitive interweaves are presented
which take into consideration clients' readiness, as well as the need to accelerate the recovery process.
EMDR has a unique role in the recovery of traumatized individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors since the accelerated
processing of negative experiences and the installation of positive adaptive cognitions assist clients in more rapidly overcoming
barriers throughout the recovery process. It also challenges rigid approaches to recovery which frequently stress that trauma work
should not be attempted before abstinence has been accomplished for a specified period of time. EMDR is especially valuable in
processing core issues which center around shame and manifest in cognitions, such as "I am defective," "There is something wrong
with me," "I am not good enough," "I am not quite right," "I don't belong," "I don't deserve to live." Case examples will be given as
to how such core issues can be targeted to accelerate the recovery process.
A.J. Popky has developed a specialized EMDR treatment protocol which targets levels of urges of addictive/compulsive behaviors
directly and installs a positive internal state of feeling empowered without relying on compulsive and addictive behaviors. Case
examples fiom clinical practice indicate that when levels of urges are targeted directly, underlying traumas frequently emerge
without increasing clients' usage. The symposium addresses the application of this protocol to a range of addictive and compulsive
behaviors.
The Wades' integrative psychotherapy combines ego-state therapy and EMDR in a psychosocial developmental context. Their
substance use disorders treatment program incorporates specialized applications of their integrative psychotherapy, which includes
both individual and group therapy and employs hypnosis as well as EMDR Their presentation focuses on applications of the
standard EMDR protocol in individual therapy, which is limited primarily to desensitization of dysphoric affect and reprocessing
negative cognitions associated with grief and trauma.
Their conceptual framework of substance use disorders proceeds from a goal of reducing the harm caused by substance use and a
primary distinction between functional and autonomous use (rather than the DSM conceptualizations of "dependence" or "abuse")
because this guides interventions. Initial treatment planning depends upon external constraints (e.g., lack of support for positive
change, hostile environment), internal limitations (e.g., severity of substance use and its effects, neurocognitive deficits, inadequate
"ego strength," lack of skills, disrupted psychosocial development, psychological trauma) and the nature of the substance use
disorder (i.e., functional, autonomous, or both).
Methods include education about substance use disorders and processes of change, group therapy to develop skills and obtain
feedback and support, individual therapy to correct disrupted development and resolve traumatic stress reactions, and exercises to
apply what is learned in real-life situations. The standard EMDR protocol is applied to disrupted development involving grief and
to resolve psychological trauma that lead to substance use. Case vignettes in which such applications of the standard EMDR
protocol were employed are presented in detail.
Keywords: Addictions Substance Abuse Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Leeds, A. (2012, June). Affect phobias in EMDR therapy - developing affect tolerance capacities in client and clinician [Fobias afectivas en la terapia con EMDR -‐ El desarrollo de habilidades para la tolerancia afectiva en el cliente y el clínico]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Affect phobias may also be described as psychodynamic or dissociative
defenses or as ego state conflicts. When patients present with affect phobias and
fail to progress with standard EMDR procedural interventions, EMDR therapy can
still be effective when clinicians have the conceptual knowledge and perceptual
skills to recognize these defenses, and when they can make use of a flexible set of
advanced EMDR procedural stills for responding. EMDR trained clinicians must
also confront their own affect phobias and psychodynamic conflicts as they
experience a range of responses to their work with patients including
countertransference and vicarious traumatization that can disrupt their ability to
make use of their conceptual, perceptual and procedural knowledge and skills.
This presentation provides an overview of concepts from Short-Term Dynamic
Psychotherapy (STDP: McCullough, 1997, 2003) and the Theory of Structural
Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP: van der Hart, Nijenhuis & Steele, 2006) and
identifies procedures from Knipe (1999, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010a, 2010b,
2010c), Mosquera (2010, 2011), Mosquera and Gonzalez (2010), and Leeds
(2001), which clinicians can employ with cases involving affect phobia. We will
also consider how clinicians can be sensitive to and mitigate the potential impact
of their own affect phobias in their clinical work.
Las
fobias
al
afecto
también
se
pueden
describir
como
defensas
psicodinámicas,
disociativas
ó
como
conflictos
del
estado
del
yo.
Cuando
los
pacientes
presentan
fobias
al
afecto
y
no
avanzan
con
las
intervenciones
siguiendo
los
procedimientos
de
EMDR
habituales,
EMDR
aún
puede
ser
efectivo
cuando
los
clínicos
gozan
del
conocimiento
conceptual,
así
como
las
habilidades
perceptivas
para
reconocer
dichas
defensas
y
cuándo
puede
servirse
de
un
conjunto
flexible
de
habilidades
de
procedimiento
de
EMDR
para
responder
[ante
ellas].
Los
clínicos
formados
en
el
uso
de
EMDR
también
han
de
afrontar
sus
propias
fobias
y
conflictos
psicodinámicos
a
medida
que
pasen
por
una
variedad
de
respuestas
a
su
trabajo
con
pacientes,
incluidas
la
contra-‐transferencia
y
la
traumatización
indirecta
que
pueden
perturbar
su
capacidad
para
aprovechar
sus
conocimientos
y
habilidades
conceptuales,
perceptivos
y
habilidades.
La
presente
ponencia
ofrece
una
visión
del
conjunto
de
los
conceptos
de
Short-‐Term
Dynamic
Psychotherapy
(STDP:
McCullough,
1997,
2003)
[psicoterapia
dinámica
breve]
y
de
Theory
of
Structural
Dissociation
of
the
Personality
(TSDP:
van
der
Hart,
Nijenhuis
&
Steele,
2006)
[teoría
de
la
disociación
estructural
de
la
personalidad]
e
identifica
procedimientos
de
Knipe
(1999,
2003,
2005,
2008,
2009,
2010a,
2010b,
2010c),
Mosquera
(2010,
2011),
Mosquera
y
Gonzalez
(2010)
y
Leeds
(2001)
que
pueden
aplicar
los
clínicos
en
casos
de
fobia
al
afecto.
También
se
contemplará
cómo
los
clínicos
pueden
estar
sensibles
ante
el
impacto
potencial
de
sus
propias
fobias
al
afecto
y
cómo
mitigarlo
en
su
trabajo
clínico.
Keywords: Affect Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Leeds, A. (2010, July). AIP case forumation and treatment planning. Preconference presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing
Model with adult attachment classification as a model for case formulation that can assist in predicting
responses to EMDR reprocessing. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for
assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With multiple, divergent
models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text (Shapiro, 2001), this presentation offers a
symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004),
Leeds (2004) and de Jongh, et al., (2010). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual
format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Treatment Planning
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Leeds, A. M. (2009, August). AIP, attachment theory and EMDR Case conceptualization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
With complex cases, many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Leeds, A. (2010, June). AIP, attachment theory and EMDR case conceptualization. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
With complex cases, many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004, 2009). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Theory Case Conceptualization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment (2001, April). Alert: EMDR - Psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people - early assessment briefs. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU).
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
Findings by SBU Alert,
Version: 1,
METHOD AND TARGET GROUP:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
PATIENTS BENEFITS, RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS:
Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS:
There are no economic assessments of EMDR. Limited data suggest that fewer treatments are needed to achieve the desired outcome with EMDR compared to other psychotherapeutic methods. This suggests that EMDR is a potentially cost-effective method in relation to the alternatives, under the assumption that the effects of treatment are permanent.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE:
There is moderate* scientific evidence to show the benefits of EMDR treatment in children and adolescents. There is no* documentation concerning the cost-effectiveness or effects beyond 6 months.
Since the scientific documentation is limited, the effects of EMDR treatment in both the short and long term should be compared in studies with other treatment alternatives, including standard treatment. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the method should be studied under Swedish conditions.
*This assessment by SBU Alert uses a 4-point scale to grade the quality and evidence of the scientific documentation. The grades indicate: (1) good, (2) moderate, (3) poor, or (4) no scientific evidence on the subject.
This summary is based on a report prepared at SBU in collaboration with Kerstin Bergh Johannesson, Lic. Psychol., Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala and has been reviewed by Prof. Mats Fredriksson, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
REFERENCES:
1.) Cahill SP, Carrigan MH, Frueh BC. Does EMDR work? And if so, why? A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):5-33.
2.) Chemtob CM, Nakashima J, Hamada R, Carlson J. Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related PTSD: a field study. J Clin Psychol, in press.
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4.) Devilly GJ, Spence SH. The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorders. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):131-57.
5.) Lovett J. Small Wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: Free Press, 1999.
6.) Macklin ML, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Berry NJ, Orr SP, Pitman RK. Five-year follow-up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat-related post traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2000;41(1),24-27.
7.) Puffer MK, Greenwald R, Elrod DE. A treatment outcome study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized children and adolescents. Presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Denver, June 1996.
8.) Renfrey G, Spates CR. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A partial dismantling procedure. J Behav Ther Experiment Psychiatr 1994;25:231-239.
9.) Scheck MM, Schaeffer JA, Gilette CS. Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. J Trauma Stress 1998;11:25-44.
10.) Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures. New York: Guilford Press, 1995.
11.) Stallard P, Velleman R, Baldwin S. Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents. BMJ 1998;317:1619-1623.
12.) Soberman GB, Greenwald R, Rule DL. A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. J Aggression Maltreatment Trauma, in press.
13.) Tinker RH, Wilson SA. Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with children. New York: Norton & Co, 1999.
14.) van der Kolk B. Biological response to psychic trauma. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York: Plenum Press, 1993:25-33.
15.) van der Kolk B, Burbridge J, Susuki J. The psychobiology of traumatic memory; clinical implications of neuroimagery studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997;821:99-113.
16.) van Etten M, Taylor S. Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 1998;5:126-144.
17.) Wilson SA, Becker LA, Tinker RH. Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65(6):1047-1056.
18.) Wilson SA, Tinker RH, Hoff.
Alert is a joint effort by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), the Medical Products Agency, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Federation of Swedish County Councils.
The complete report is available in Swedish only.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Guidelines PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Sack, M. (2005, November). Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma therapy with EMDR. In S. Woodword, J. Hopper, M. Sack, R. Pitman, & D. Kaloupek (Chairs), Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: Insights into Autonomic Function in PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, ON.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: Insights into Autonomic Function in PTSD: Studies of cardiac responses to trauma-related cues have defined the mainstream of laboratory research in posttraumatic stress disorder. Examinations
of respiratory sinus arrhythmia now challenge the view that exaggerated sympathetic tone and reactivity provide a sufficient account of the autonomic abnormalities seen in this diagnosis.
Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma therapy with EMDR: It has been hypothesized that EDMR, by pairing stimuli that evoke divided
attention with exposure to trauma memories, elicits repetitive orienting
responses followed by enhanced parasympathetic tone, resulting in significant
within-session psychophysiological de-arousal. We monitored 10 standard
EMDR treatments for PTSD (55 sessions) with impedance cardiography.
Heart rate (HR), parasympathetic tone (RMSSD), sympathetic tone (PEP), and
respiration rate (RESP) were assessed. Markers were set at the onset of every
stimulation/exposure period (N = 811). Effects within and across stimulation
sets were examined. An orienting response, with associated sharp increase
of parasympathetic tone and significant decrease of HR, was found at stimulation
onsets. During ongoing stimulation, sympathetic arousal increased
while parasympathetic tone decreased, responses consistent with stressrelated
arousal during trauma exposure. However, across entire sessions
there was a significant pattern of psychophysiological de-arousal, evidenced
by progressively decreasing HR and increasing RMSSD.
These findings suggest EMDR is associated with distinct patterns
Keywords: Autonomic Tone Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Hase, M. (2004, June). Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on severe posttraumatic stress disorder following a single traumatic event in elderly psychiatric patients. In single trauma and grief (L. Cornil, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Single traumatic events can lead to severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with serious effects on some and psyche as well as on social functioning. Often our focus in diagnostics is limited on obvious traumatic experiences according to the ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria of what a traumatic event should be. But trauma can be variant or masked by somatic illness or comorbid psychiatric disorder. Beside the straightforward PTSD cases, the clinician should pay attention to comorbidity and the effect of dysfunctionally stored, incompletely processed information in a variety of patients. PTSD seems to be underdiagnosed in elderly patients. This paper, as part of the symposium on the treatment of single traumatic events using EMDR, has it foundation in clinical practice and gives evidence on the importance if diagnosing for PTSD and applying appropriate treatment especially EMDR, in the subgroup of elderly patients. Two case examples of PTSD following a single traumatic event in the course of depressive illness and the course somatic illness illustrate important principles and give evidence of the successful application of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD following a single traumatic event with elderly patients. The guidelines for good clinical practice in the treatment of PSTD following a single traumatic event regarding EMDR standard protocol and procedural rules will be outlines. In some respects EMDR treatment has to be adapted to the special demands of the elderly. Some ideas will be formulated and discussed. The aim of the presentation is to encourage the clinician in engaging in active treatment of the sequelae of single traumatic events in general and specially to apply EMDR with elderly patients, hereby stimulating research on the application of EMDR with the elderly, a hitherto often neglected subgroup of patients.
Keywords: Elderly Grief Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Single Trauma Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Lansch, D. (2010, June). Application of the Four-Fields-Technique in treatment of a patient with dissociative disorder (case report). In Complex trauma. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The treatment of complex traumatized patients is difficult.
Especially during long term treatments it is not easy for
the chronically traumatized individuals to tolerate the exhausting
confrontation with the trauma during the EMDR standard
procedure. On the other hand they have often problems to
recognize the severity of what happened to them. Many have
problems with their compromised feelings of self-worth. Those
and other clinical problems are the reason to look for alternative
EMDR techniques. The Four-Field-Technique. one of the techniques of EMDR.
could be a good approach to solve some of these problems.
It was developed by Jarero et al, as a group protocol which
followed the 8 phases of the standard EMDR protocol (STDP).
Different from the STDP is that the moment of greatest distress
is drawn on a sheet of paper (after drawing a resource image
before and installing it with (bilateral: butterfly hugs. Different
from the group protocol patients some benefit greatly from the
individual application of the technique.
In this lecture the long term treatment of a patient with a dissociative
disorder is reported. Thereby the different phases of trauma
treatment will be demonstrated via spates of pictures. The four field-
technique itself will be explained as well as the difference to
the standard protocol of EMDR as the patient experienced.
Keywords: Case Report Dissociative Disorder Four-Fields-Technique Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Sautai, G. (2007, Juin). Approche des patient poly-traumatisés par immersion EMDR [Approach of poly traumatised patients with EMDR immersion]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Certains patients présentent "traumatisme poly» ou «empoisonnement psychique» tel que décrit par Jacques Roques dans «Guérir Avec l" EMDR. "Souvent, il s'agit d'un environnement socio culturel a commencé pendant l'enfance. Sur la base de l'hypothèse formulée par Francine Shapiro que le traumatisme peut engendrer des «bloqué les réseaux neuronaux," nous supposons une mise en forme "pourrait se produire au cours de la petite période d'apprentissage.
Exposés à un traumatisme insidieux et répétitifs, un jeune cerveau Virgin Stores réseaux neuronaux liés à la vulnérabilité des enfants en tant que mécanisme de défense. Cela pourrait être obstrué par des perturbations répétitives créer une souffrance psychologique. En tant qu'adulte, ce réseau neuronal inhibiteur, stimulée par déclenchement d'exprimer des comportements excessifs et une forte émotion que nous avons appelé le «non adapté en forme» (NAF).
Nous savons combien il est difficile de prendre ce type d'intoxication »en charge des séances de thérapie EMDR traditionnels en raison de l'interférence des composants multimodal. Habituellement, ils participent émotions mixtes liés à la sécurité, l'estime de soi et le libre choix. Par conséquent, nous avons développé une modalité particulière: EMDR immersion qui est un cours intensif de 10 jours consécutifs de traitement par le patient. «L'objectif clinique est de traiter les dimensions de la croissance personnelle et le développement ainsi que l'élimination de plus de la souffrance» (Francine Shapiro).
Notre expérience comprend 24 patients avec un niveau élevé de troubles psychologiques liés à la NAF. Seuls les patients avec expérience dissociative échelle score inférieur à 25 ont été considérés.
Nous utilisons l'approche thérapie EMDR suivant les 8 étapes du protocole standard.
Nous recevons toute l'histoire chronologique du patient, «de la naissance à aujourd'hui», permet nous permet d'identifier une moyenne de sept objectifs principaux.
Pour être capable de transmuer la NAF à une résolution d'adaptation, nous introduisons un des noms de ressources notamment l '«archaïsme», définie comme «la partie de l'être humain en charge de Live principe de préservation."
Nous l'accès au réseau d'information dysfunctionally stockée par le biais des objectifs.
Nous stimulons le système de traitement de l'information et de la maintenir en forme dynamique avec tactiles et autres additifs stimulations bilatérales. Nous passons l'information par le suivi du processus de libre-association et de lancement des procédures pour s'assurer que la cible transmue à une résolution adaptative.
Comme mesure psychométrique et méthode d'évaluation, nous utilisons l'échelle PCL-S sur les traumatismes exprimé par le patient au début de MED immersion. Le score moyen est de 70 degrés avant l'immersion elle à 28 deux mois plus tard et à 26 six mois plus tard.
En ce qui concerne les résultats encourageants, nous décidons de partager l'expérience afin de mettre à jour.
Some patients present with “poly traumatism” or “psychic poisoning” as described by Jacques Roques in “guérir avec l”EMDR.” Often it is a socio cultural environment started during childhood. Based on the hypothesis formulated by Francine Shapiro that trauma could engender “blocked neuronal networks,” we assume a “formatting” could occur during the childhood learning period.
Exposed to insidious and repetitive trauma, a virgin young brain stores neuronal networks related to the child vulnerability as defense mechanism. That could get blocked by repetitive disturbances creating psychological pain. As an adult, this blocker neuronal network, stimulated by trigger express excessive behaviors and strong emotion we called the “Non Adapted Formatting” (NAF).
We know how difficult it is to take this “poisoning” in charge with traditional EMDR sessions because of the multimodal components interfering. Usually, they involved mixed emotions related to security, self esteem and free choice. Therefore, we developed a particular modality: EMDR Immersion that is an intensive, 10 consecutive days of therapy with the patient. “The clinical goal is to address the dimensions of personal growth and development along with the elimination of over suffering” (Francine Shapiro).
Our experience includes 24 patients with a high level of psychological disturbance related to the NAF. Only patients with Dissociative Experience Scale score less than 25 were considered.
We use EMDR therapy approach following the 8 phases of the standard protocol.
We receive the complete chronological story of the patient, “from birth to now,” allows allows us to identify an average of seven main targets.
To be able to transmute the NAF to an adaptive resolution, we introduce a particular resource names “Archaism” defined as “Part of the human being in charge of Live Principle Preservation.”
We access the dysfunctionally stored information network through the targets.
We stimulate the information-processing system and maintain it in dynamic form with tactile and additive alternative bilateral stimulations. We move the information by monitoring the free-association process and initiating procedures to make sure that the target transmutes to an adaptive resolution.
As psychometric measurement and method evaluation, we use PCL-S Scale on the traumatisms expressed by the patient at the beginning of MED Immersion. The average score is at 70 before Immersion it degrees to 28 two months later and to 26 six months later.
Regarding the encouraging results, we decide to share the experiment in order to upgrade it.
Keywords: EMDR Immersion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. O’Rawe, B. (2005, June). Assessing dissociation in the visually impaired. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This case discussion focuses on a traumatically blinded man. Treatment
involved stabilisation using ego-state work with bilateral stimulation, followed
by trauma processing work using EMDR. The aim of this paper is to assess his
response to this approach, and to review the suitability of standard
diagnostic tools used in screening: in porticular the applicability of
Dissociation Scales -The Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) and The
Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS], in people suffering from
blindness
Keywords: Dissociation Poster Visual Impairment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. O'Rawe, B. (2005, June). Assessing dissociation in the visually impaired. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This case discussion focuses on a traumatically blinded man. Treatment involved stabilisation using ego-state work with bilateral stimulation, followed by trauma precessing using EMDR. The aim of this paper is to assess his response to this approach, and to review the stability of standard diagnostic tools used in screening; in particluar the applicability of Dissociation Scales - The Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS), in people suffering from blindness.
Keywords: Dissociation Visually Impaired
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. McKelvey, A. M. (2010). Awakening the buddha within, care of the caregiver utilizing chaplaincy coaching, EMDR and positive psychology. Upaya Zen Center and Institute, 1-76.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
I began to imagine working with highly functioning and resilient individuals
who were ready to move forward into the future. I worked
with my coach, diligently creating a coaching business that would sustain
me financially, emotionally, mentally, spiritually, and physically. I
began to transform EMDR, my major source of healing, from a trauma-based
modality to a modality of proactively living and breathing into the
mystery of the moment. I fell in love with EMDR all over again as my
clients worked with the Standard Protocol through the lens of attaining
their goals and dreams. EMDR was the modality each client used to encourage
the unfolding of an enhanced life while developing action steps.
Keywords: Chaplaincy Coaching Positive Psychology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Kiessling, R., & Kacsur, R. (2002, June). Being brief with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
While there have been many modifications of the standard EMDR protocol to address a multitude of client issues, little has been said about
integrating EMDR with Brief Therapy. Many clients seeking EMDR treatment may have a specific problem needing immediate relief, or have
limited time, financial resources, or insurance benefits. This workshop is
designed to help the EMDR clinician adapt brief treatment strategies to
the standard EMDR approach. A belief/feeling cluster focused history
taking approach is combined with a narrowly focused targeting strategy that effectively addresses identified past, present and future targets. The installation phase of treatment is extended into present and future
targeting strategies. This strategy not only addresses present and future issues more rapidly, but also identifies additional blocking beliefs that may require targeting in order for the client to achieve full resolution of the presenting problem.
Keywords: Brief Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Greenwald, R. (1997). A better approach to training: Why you should teach EMDR in your home town?. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net/ on 12/27/2008.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The controversy about EMDR training previously focused on whether it was necessary. In this paper I argue that the current model of training is not sufficient. I propose a higher standard of training, taking advantage of locally-based trainers who can offer more personal attention and supervised practice over an extended period.[Author abstract]
Keywords: Training
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Withers, D. (1999, June). Bilateral movement therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn to implement Bilateral Movement Therapy, an innovation of EMDR, into a Group Therapy Model, establishing group safety, cohesion and culture; 2) learn to incorporate Dance Movement Therapy techniques and theory into the standard EMDR protocol using the whole body rather than just eye movements; and 3) explore the use of Bilateral Movement Therapy with a variety of treatment issues and populations and how to assess its appropriateness for each.
Keywords: Bilateral Movement Therapy Dance Movement Therapy Group Therapy Model
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Anchisi, R., Guzzi, R., Fernandez, I., Giannantonio, M., & Ziveri, D. (2001, October). Biofeedback measures in EMDR treatment. In Collegium Internationale Activitatis Nervosae Superioris; International Association for Integrative Nervous Functions, Neurobiology of behaviour and Psychosomatics, (pp 141-148). Palermo, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We compared the pre and post therapeutic treatment data using standard EMDR, using a lool such as biofeedback, capable of measuring certain physiologcail parameters in an objective way. The goal was to check variations in the physiological indices and subjective evaluations of well being and discomfort in the subjects.
Some psychotherapists will select subjects using an initial telephone screening followed by a battery of suitable tests. Using such tools, subjects affected by PTSD without comorbidity will be chosen. Independent assessors
will evaluate them again after six weeks (blind design). After this assessment, subjective data will be collected using the SUD scale and objective data will be collected using the SPR, Thermo, Heart Rate, EMG of the biofeedback channels. After exposure the subjects will be randomly assigned to an experimenta1 group, they will be going to meet in six sessions using the EMDR standard protocol and carried out by therapits recognized by the Association EMDR Italy; the other half of the sample will
represent the control group in a waiting list. Once more, all the subjects will be exposed to the trauma, this time listening to the recording of their description of the traumatic event. The SUD and biofeedback values will be then measured again. The comparison of the data of the SUD scale with the data of the biofeedback
channels, in particular the SPR channel, plus the evaluation of the group of independent clinicians using the above-mentioned tests, will provide the co-ordinates for an evaluation (both subjetive and physiological) of the clinical results of the EMDR therapy.
Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Isermann M., & Diegelmann, C. (2000, September). Breast cancer: PTSD symptoms, EMDR and quality of life. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn about current research on psychological aspects of breast cancer; 2) learn about relevant dimensions of quality of life in breast cancer patients; 3) learn about the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of breast cancer patients; and 4) learn about adaptations of the standard protocol to criteria for using EMDR in the treatment of breast cancer patients.
Keywords: Breast Cancer Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Rost, C. (2010, June). Bridging the gap between stabilisation and trauma confrontation. Pre-conference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
When processing trauma material during the EMDR session, we often see the spontaneous appearance of resource material. This helps patients to come to terms with the traumatic memory. With complex traumatized patients, this material appears far less frequently, and the EMDR process can be much harder. We can support the process by activating specific resources, both before and during the EMDR session.
During this workshop, specific resource techniques will be presented and practiced which can help to stabilize complex traumatized patients and which can also be combined with the EMDR standard protocol: Position of Power, Power Animal, Body Resource, CIPOS, and a protocol for early childhood memories.
Keywords: Body Resource CIPOS Position of Power Power Animal
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Borstein, S. S. (2008, September). Brief adjunctive EMDR: How to work collaboratively and quickly with referrals for EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many of us have been asked to provide some EMDR to a colleague’s client. How do we decide whether to accept such a referral, define our role, and conceptualize the work? This workshop presents a model of brief adjunctive EMDR consultation, a focused application of standard EMDR therapy, provided by the EMDR consultant to clients in collaboration with their referring therapist. The workshop offers guidelines for identifying appropriate referrals and for maintaining a collaborative stance with referring therapists. Ethical issues and potential pitfalls will be discussed. Small group activities and handouts will help participants to implement the model.
Keywords: Adjunctive Therapy Referrals
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Borstein, S. S. (2006, September). Brief adjunctive EMDR: A collaborative consultation model. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Non-EMDR trained clinicians sometimes ask if
"a little EMDR" might help some of their clients.
When painful feelings about a single incident continue to intrude or interfere with otherwise
productive psychotherapy, a short trial of EMDR
may indeed resolve the impasse. By narrowly targeting specific traumatic memories or intrusive
material, adjunctive EMDR can accelerate
progress in traditional therapy, help the client and
the primary therapist to clarify stuck points, and
enrich the ongoing work. This workshop will
describe a model of brief adjunctive EMDR
consultation, a focused application of standard
EMDR therapy, provided by the EMDR
consultant to clients in collaboration with their
referring therapist. In this model, adjunctive
EMDR does not replace or intempt ongoing
therapy. It is complementary to the primary therapy
relationship. The workshop will include guidelines
for identifying appropriate referrals and for
maintaining a collaborative stance with referring
therapists. Ethical issues will be addressed, and
potential pitfalls will be discussed. The presenter
will describe a pilot study of this model, including
qualitative and quantitative measures of outcome.
Keywords: Consultation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Kip, K. E., Sullivan, K. L., Lengacher, C. A., Rosenzweig, L., Hernandez, D. F., Kadel, R., Kozel, F. A., Shuman, A., Girling, S. A., Hardwick, M. J., & Diamond, D. M. (2013). Brief treatment of co-occurring post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms by use of accelerated resolution therapy. Front Psychiatry, 4(11). doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00011.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This uncontrolled prospective cohort study evaluated the use of accelerated resolution therapy (ART) for treatment of comorbid symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder. Twenty-eight adult subjects, mean age of 41years (79% female, 36% Hispanic), received a mean of 3.7±1.1 ART treatment sessions (range 1–5). ART is a new exposure-based psychotherapy that makes use of eye movements. Subjects completed a range of self-report psychological measures before and after treatment with ART including the 17-item PCL-C checklist (symptoms of PTSD) and 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). For the PCL-C, the pre-ART mean (±standard deviation) was 62.5 (8.8) with mean reductions of −29.6 (12.5), −30.1 (13.1), and −31.4 (14.04) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p<0.0001 for comparisons to pre-ART score). Compared to pre-ART status, this corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 2.37, 2.30, and 3.01, respectively. For the CES-D, the pre-ART mean was 35.1 (8.8) with mean reductions of −20.6 (11.0), −18.1 (11.5), and −15.6 (14.4) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p≤0.0001 compared to Pre-ART score). This corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 1.88, 1.58, and 1.09, respectively. Strong correlations were observed at 2-month and 4-month follow-up for post-treatment changes in PTSD and depression symptom scores (r=0.79, r=0.76, respectively, p≤0.0002). No serious treatment-related adverse effects were reported. In summary, ART appears to be a promising brief, safe, and effective treatment for adults with clinically significant comorbid symptoms of PTSD and depression. Future controlled and mechanistic studies with this emerging therapy are warranted, particularly given its short treatment duration, and in light of current heightened emphasis on health care cost constraints.
Keywords: Accelerated Resolution Therapy ART Brief Treatment Depression Exposure Therapy Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Trauma PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Boèl, J. (2000, September). The butterfly hug plus drawings: Clinical and self-care applications. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify several vicarious traumatization and negative countertransference issues which commonly arise when working as a therapist with trauma victims; 2) demonstrate the use of countralateral self-stimulation and drawings based on a standard EMDR protocol applied to stressful work-related issues; and 3) describe the use of contralateral self-stimulation and drawings based on a standard EMDR protocol may be modified with individuals or groups of adults or older children.
Keywords: Butterfly Hug Drawings Groups Contralateral Self-Stimulation Work-Related Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Fang, L. (2005, June). Case presentation: “Relative mild negative situations” - 2 single session cases using the standard EMDR protocol. In "EMDR in action." Part 2. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It has proven that EMDR is successful in helping people who have
experienced psychological difficulties that originate from some kind of
traumatic experience. I used standard EMDR protocol successfully in single
session for two persons who experience short negative moments. One client
was a young man who had intrusive recalls of the male acquaintance telling
him about oral sex intercourse between men that happened 38 hours
before he asked for psychological help. The other client was a young nurse,
one of my colleagues, who was scolded and threatened by the husband of
a patient less than 2 hours ago before I did EMDR for her. They both had
moment of trauma was very precise and very short: the moment the words
were spoken. The recent events don't have several hot spots (difficult affect laden
moments in the experience), but just one clearly shocking moment. So
I used standard protocol and it helped stabilizing them very quickly, they
both retouched their resources quickly. Two months later, I followed up my
colleague. She was still stable and had the same positive cognition about
the negative moment.
Keywords: China Psychotrauma Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Yang, Y., & Wu, W. (2008, June). A Chinese way to use ‘safe place’ in grief work. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Every culture has its special way to deal with grief. In Chinese culture which is collectivism-oriented, people deal
with grief not only in a society context, but also have a lot of connection with the bereaved ones. We found that
it is hard to help the clients to be stabilized and work with EMDR on their grief before you help them to find a
“Safe place” to settle their bereaved ones down. Hence, we use a modified “safe place” technique to help the
clients to create a “heaven” for their loved ones, a “place” they can visit to say “hello” again to their bereaved
ones. Our presentation will how we did that in a case series of adults and children by using imaginary ways and
artistic ways. Using EMDR as standard protocol was effective to remove the symptoms and got the SUDs down.
Keywords: Chinese Grief Poster Safe Place
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Zangwill, W., Kominksy, P., & Browning, C. (2003, September). Choosing the right EMDR for the right client at the right time: A systematic approach to more effective EMDR implementation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Substantial variation exists in how, when, and with which clients' clinicians use EMDR. Some clinicians use EMDR early in their work with clients, others spend considerable time on affect management and resource development prior to using standard EMDR. Those in favor of more rapid
implementation argue that for many clients' delays in starting EMDR is an unnecessary waste of time and resources. Other EMDR clinicians worry that clients may be harmed by undertaking EMDR processing without extensive
prior stabilization. This workshop presents a systematic, comprehensive model to help EMDR clinicians best determine what factors to evaluate in deciding when and how to proceed.
Keywords: EMDR Implementation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Korn, D. (2001, June). Clinical applications of EMDR in treating adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into a phase-oriented recovery plan in treating adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. EMDR applications with the full range of trauma-related syndromes, including simple and complex PTSD, Borderline Personality Disorder and Dissociative Disorders, will be addressed. Treatment planning and pacing will be discussed in view of presenting problem, attachment style, defenses, and self-capacities. In recognition of clients' rigid, maladaptive schemas, poor impulse control, dissociative tendencies and limited affect tolerance, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored, Significant attention will be devoted to integratring EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment.
Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder Child Abuse Dissociative Disorders Ego Strengthening Neglect Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Resource Development
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Schurmans, K. (2007). A clinical vignette: EMDR treatment of choking phobia. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(2), 118-121. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.2.118.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A vignette is a brief case report that makes a contribution to the literature, but which has used only EMDR's standard protocol measures. This vignette describes the treatment of a woman who developed a severe choking phobia following an allergic reaction to a herbal beverage. She was hospitalized on several occasions because of her resultant inability to consume food and liquids. She received four years of various types of treatment for this phobia, including eating disorder treatment, brief psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychopharmacological treatment. None were successful in eliminating the disorder. Then when Mary received a course of EMDR treatment, addressing childhood etiological events, there was complete remission of the choking phobia and elimination of all related behaviors. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Anaphylactic Shock Case Report CBT Child Abuse Choking Phobia Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Eating Disorders Females Phobia Spouse Abuse Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Wizansky, B. (2007). A clinical vignette: Resource connection in EMDR work with children. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 57-61. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.57 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A vignette is a brief case report that makes a contribution to the literature, but which has used only EMDR's standard protocol measures. This vignette describes a procedure for drawing on and strengthening a child's resources in all phases of EMDR treatment. The procedure facilitates the connection to more authentic and meaningful inner resources that come directly from the child's world, thus strengthening the positive memory networks so that these are available for the child to access when processing his/her traumatic material. Three separate cases are described to illustrate the application. [Author Introduction]
Keywords: Israelis Psychotherapeutic Processes School Age Children Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Byron, H. (1999). Clinician adherence to and combination of methods with EMDR for post traumatic stress disorder. University of Canberra, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The clinical adherence to and combination of methods with EMDR to treat PTSD has not been explored. This is of some concern as 27 000 clinicians are trained in EMDR globally. This exploratory study gained information on Australian trained EMDR clinicians' adherence to EMDR, and the methods they combined with EMDR to treat PTSD. Survey responses from 126 clinicians were analysed using predominantly descriptive statistics. The findings of this study showed that the majority of respondents perceived that they closely adhered to the standard EMDR treatment. However, respondents reported adhering more closely to the phases than the steps of EMDR. Statistically significant findings showed that more experienced EMDR level 1 clinicians were more likely to add steps and phases to EMDR, and to change the standard sequence of steps. Clinicians with greater years of experience were also more likely to change the standard sequence of steps. In addition, more experienced EMDR level 2 clinicians, were less likely to educate their clients about PTSD. Almost all respondents combined EMDR with other methods to treat PTSD. Combined methods included CBT, hypnosis / relaxation, system / solution focused methods and exposure. This research has contributed to theory and practice by uncovering that clinicians appear to use EMDR differently to researchers, by changing EMDR to meet client needs, combining EMDR with other methods and Holly Byron 16/9/99 vi therapies, and introducing EMDR in the mid stage of treatment. These findings are vital to reduce the scientist-practitioner divide by accurately testing EMDR's efficacy and enabling future controlled trials to reflect the clinical use of EMDR.
Keywords: Postrraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. Cusack, K. J., & Spates, C. R. (1999, January-April). The cognitive dismantling of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A case report. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 87-99. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00041-3 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Twenty-seven subjects were exposed to standard Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or a similar treatment without the explicit cognitive elements found in EMDR. Standardized psychometric assessments were administered (Structured Interview for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Impact of Event Scale, Revised Symptom Checklist-90) by independent assessors at pretest, posttest and two separate follow-up periods. Potential subjects met specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Subjective measures including Subjective Units of Disturbance and Validity of Cognition assessments were also conducted. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that both treatments produced significant symptom reductions and were comparable on all dependent measures across assessment phases. The present findings are discussed in light of previous dismantling research that converges to suggest that several elements in the EMDR protocol may be superfluous in terms of the contribution to treatment outcome. These same elements have nevertheless entered unparsimoniously into consideration as possible explanatory variables (ScienceDirect).
Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Tofani, L. R. (2007). Complex separation, individuation processes, and anxiety disorders in young adulthood. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 265-283). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Research has shown that anxiety in children is highly influenced by parenting style, perception of family support (Rapee & Melville, 1997), and family relational patterns. Social Anxiety Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is considered to be a common disorder in young adults. According to Shapiro's (1995, 2001) Adaptive Information Processing model, a neurotic symptomatic situation in a young adult with an unfinished separation process may be connected to unresolved separations and other past traumas. This chapter discusses research and clinical evidence, and treatment of young adults with complex separation problems. Integration of family systems therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) is discussed. In this integrated treatment procedure, family therapy follows the experiential family systems therapy approach (Giat Roberto, 1992; Napier & Whitaker, 1978), with elements of multigenerational and Structural Family Therapy styles (Bowen, 1978; Minuchin & Fishman, 1992). The EMDR standard protocol is followed. A case example and concluding discussion complete the chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Family Relations Family Systems Therapy Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Individuation Integrative Psychotherapy Separation Anxiety Separation Individuation Separation Problems Separation Reactions Structural Family Therapy Young Adulthood
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Leeds, A. (2006, September). The consensus model. In criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development & installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes (A. Leeds). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient & stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients and clinical situations the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.
Keywords: Complex PTSD Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder C-PSTD Consensus Model Resource Development & Installation RDI Treatment Criteria
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 6(1), 217-236. doi:10.1300/J146v06n01_11.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
We suggest that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only light improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. [Author summary]
Keywords: Adolescents Control Study Disruptive Behavior Disorders Empirical Study Males Preadolescents Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. In R. Greenwald (Ed). Trauma and juvenile delinquency: Theory, research, and interventions. (pp. 217-236). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Suggests that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only slight improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16 years, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Boys Conduct Problems Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Rothbaum, B. O. (1997, Summer). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 61(3), 317-334.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a new method developed to treat PTSD. This study evaluated the efficacy of EMDR compared to a no-treatment wait-list control in the treatment of PTSD in adult female sexual assault victims. 21 subjects were entered and 18 completed. Treatment was delivered in 4 weekly individual sessions. Assessments were conducted pre- and posttreatment and 3 months following treatment termination by an independent assessor kept blind to treatment condition. Measures included standard clinician- and self-administered PTSD and related psychopathology scales. Results indicated that subjects treated with EMDR improved significantly more on PTSD and depression from pre- to posttreatment than control subjects, leading to the conclusion that EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD in this study. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. Marcus, S., Marquis, P., & Sakai, C. (1997, Fall). Controlled study of treatment of PTSD using EMDR in an HMO setting. Psychotherapy, 34(3), 307-315. doi:10.1037/h0087791.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
67 individuals diagnosed with PTSD were randomly assigned to either Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or Standard Care (SC) treatment. Participants were assessed pretreatment, after 3 sessions, and at the completion of treatment using the Symptom Checklist-90, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Events Scale, Modified PTSD Scale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Subjective Units of Disturbance. In addition, an independent evaluator assessed participants using DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD including Global Assessment of Functioning at the 3 data points. The individuals in the EMDR treatment group showed significantly greater improvement with greater rapidity than those in the SC treatment group on measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and general symptoms. Participants who received EMDR treatment used fewer medication appointments for their psychological symptoms and needed fewer psychotherapy appointments. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Managed Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Singer, M. T., & Lalich, J. (1996). Crazy therapies: What are they? Do they work?. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
The relationship between patient and therapist is unique in important ways when compared to relationships between clients and other professionals such as physicians, dentists, attorneys, and accountants. The key difference is present from first contact: it is not clearly understood exactly what will transpire. There is no other professional relationship in which consumers are more in the dark than when they first go to see a therapist.
In other fields, the public is fairly well informed about what the professional does. Tradition, the media, and general experience have provided consumers with a baseline by which to judge what transpires. If you break your arm, the orthopedist explains she will take an X ray and set the bone; she tells you something about how long the healing will take if all goes well and gives you an estimate of the cost. When you go to a dentist, you expect him to look at your teeth, take a history, explain what was noted, and recommend a course of treatment with an estimate of time and cost. Your accountant will focus on bookkeeping, tax reports, and finances, and help you deal with regulatory agencies.
Consumers enter these relationships expecting that the training, expertise, and ethical obligations of the professional will keep the client's best interests foremost. Both the consumer and the professional are aware of each person's role, and it is generally expected that the professional will stick to doing what he or she is trained to do. The consumer does not expect his accountant to lure him into accepting a new cosmology of how the world works or to "channel" financial information from "entities" who lived thousands of years ago; or for his dentist to induce him to believe that the status of his teeth was affected by an extraterrestrial experimenting on him. Nor does the patient expect the orthopedist to lead him to think the reason he fell and broke his arm was because he was under the influence of a secret satanic cult.
But seeing a therapist is a far different situation for the consumer. In the field of psychotherapy there is no relatively agreed upon body of knowledge, no standard procedures that a client can expect. There are no national regulatory bodies, and not every state has governing boards or licensing agencies. There are many types and levels of practitioners. Often the client knows little or nothing at all about what type of therapy a particular therapist "believes in" or what the therapist is really going to be doing in the relationship with the client.
In meeting a therapist for the first time, most consumers are almost as blind as a bat about what will transpire between the two of them. At most, they might think they will probably talk to the therapist and perhaps get some feedback or suggestions for treatment. What clients might not be aware of is the gamut of training, the idiosyncratic notions, and the odd practices that they may be exposed to by certain practitioners.
Consumers are a vulnerable and trusting lot. And because of the special, unpredictable nature of the therapeutic relationship, it is easy for them to be taken advantage of. This makes it all the more incumbent on therapists to be especially ethical and aware of the power their role carries in our society. The misuse and abuse of power is one of the central factors in what goes wrong.
Questions to Ask Your Prospective Therapist
Ultimately, a therapist is a service provider who sells a service. A prospective client should feel free to ask enough questions to be able to make an informed decision about whether to hire a particular therapist.
We have provided a general list of questions to ask a prospective therapist, but feel free to ask whatever you need to know in order to make a proper evaluation. Consider interviewing several therapists before settling on one, just as you might in purchasing any product.
Draw up your list of questions before phoning or going in for your first appointment. We recommend that you ask these questions in a phone interview first, so that you can weed out unlikely candidates and save yourself the time and expense of initial visits that don't go anywhere.
If during the process a therapist continues to ask you, "Why do you ask?" or acts as though your questioning reflects some defect in you, think carefully before signing up. Those types of responses will tell you a lot about the entire attitude this person will express toward you - that is, that you are one down and he is one up, and that furthermore you are quaint to even ask the "great one" to explain himself.
If you are treated with disdain for asking about what you are buying, think ahead: how could this person lead you to feel better, plan better, or have more self-esteem if he begins by putting you down for being an alert consumer? Remember, you may be feeling bad and even desperate, but there are thousands of mental health professionals, so if this one is not right, keep on phoning and searching.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. Greenwald, R. (1999, June). A crisis response approach for suicidal teens. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In my current position as a clinical psychologist based on a hlgh school campus, I often have occasion to meet with adolescents
who are suicidal, some having recently made suicidal gestures. Despite the complexity and variety of presenting issues, there is
a set of more or less standardized steps to follow to ensure safety as well as appropriate follow-up. In this paper I present a case
to illustrate how I have integrated EMDR. This approach to teen suicidality uses several elements of the motivation - anger -
trauma therapy (MATT) approach for teens with conduct disorder, which has been described in detail elsewhere (Greenwald
1998, 1999, in press).
In addition to the standard crisis interventions - letting the client talk out the problem, contracting for safety, implementing
supports and restrictions as needed, and arranging follow-up - I have been using EMDR in various ways to enhance present
safety as well as subsequent resiliency. For example: the Choices Have Consequences intervention (cited above, described
below) helps the client to realize that self-harm leads to a poor outcome despite its initial appeal; the standard use of EMDR can
help to reduce vulnerability to the type of stressor which led to the current crisis; and the Future Movies intervention (also cited
above and described below) helps to create a more hopeful long-term perspective while enhancing coping skills.
Keywords: Adolescents Poster Suicide Teens
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Leeds, A. (2006, September). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of Resource Development & Installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes
emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before
and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation
(RDI) has been reported to be a potentially
effective intervention for enhancing patient & stabilization. There are now several published
descriptions and case reports of RDI including a
summary in the standard reference text on EMDR.
The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained
clinicians has been followed by reports indicating
that a significant number of patients with
posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet
standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength
and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients and clinical
situations the use of RDI is indicated; for which
patients and clinical situations RDI should be
offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate
stabilization methods should be considered; and
for which patients RDI should not be offered but
where standard EMDR reprocessing should be
offered without delay. An overview of RDI
procedural steps will be presented to clarify its
use. Strategies will be offered to address technical,
clinical and countertransference issues that may
be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical
vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.
Keywords: Consensus Model RDI Resource Development and Installation Treatment Criteria
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Leeds, A. M. (2007, June). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development and installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories (Brown, Scheflin, & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999; Hart, Nijenhius, Steele, 2006). Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been described in a series of published case reports as an effective stabilizing intervention for adult survivors of adverse childhood experiences (Korn & Leeds, 2202; Leeds, 1997, 1998, 2001b; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000; Popky, 2005). These clinical case reports of RDI have been described observed decreases in intense shame, depersonalization, angry outbursts, self-injurious behaviors, compulsive eating, obsessive self-critical thoughts, persistent negative emotional states (misery), sexual acting out, and substance abuse. There are now several published procedural descriptions (Korn & Leeds, 2002; Leeds, 2001; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000) and a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR (Shapiro, 2001).
The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with post traumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been persistently offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. EMDR has been shown to produce stable, enduring treatment effects for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. RDI has not. Until recently (Korn et al, 2004; Leeds, 2005, 2006; Shapiro, 2004) little attention has been given to assuring appropriate use and avoiding misuse of RDI. This presentation will describe serious clinical and professional issues in continuing to offer RDI over repeated treatment sessions to patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet or achieve readiness criteria for standard EMDR reprocessing and in failing to offer or in excessively delaying EMDR reprocessing.
This presentation will clarify and review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients (1) and clinical situations (2) the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations (3) RDI should be offered cautiously, if at al, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients (4) RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR processing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented (5) to clarify its clinical application. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may b associated with misuse or excessive use of RDI. A series of ten clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD RDI Resource Development and Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. Leeds, A. (2010, July). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development and installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate
stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation
(RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient stabilization. There are now several
published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing
use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with
posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered
RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for
which patients (1) and clinical situations (3) the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations (4) RDI should
be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients (2) RDI should
not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps
will be presented (5) to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues
that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical
cautions and misuse of RDI.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD RDI Resource Development & Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Luber, M. (2009). Current anxiety and behavior. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 133-141). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This protocol is for clients with anxieties not related to major trauma. The focus here is the Standard EMDR Protocol. This is a summary of the Current Anxiety and Behavior Protocol scripted by Marilyn Luber (Shapiro, 2001, 2006). For current anxiety and behavior problems, the Standard EMDR Protocol should be applied to the following targets (assuming they are available): Past memories; Present triggers; and a Future template. The Current Anxiety and Behavior Protocol Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Current Anxiety Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Jongedijk, R. A., Gersons, B. P. R., & ter Heide, F. J. J. (2011, Het Voorjaar). De behandeling van complexe ptss-patiënten: Traumagerichte therapieën [The treatment of complex PTSD patients: Trauma-focused therapies]. Presentatie op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam .
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Bij de behandeling van
complexe ptss-patiënten wordt niet altijd de evidence-
based behandeling toegepast, zoals die wordt
beschreven in de richtlijnen. Doorgaans is de
mening, dat stabilisatie het enige mogelijke is
vanwege gevaar voor psychische decompensatie.
Inmiddels is voldoende evidentie, dat traumagerichte
therapieën ook bij complexe ptsspatiënten
mogelijk en effectief zijn.
Doel: In deze bijblijfsessie zal worden
betoogd, dat evidence-based traumagerichte behandeling
bij complexe ptss-patiënten mogelijk en
wenselijk is. Aandacht zal worden besteed aan
moeilijkheden en mogelijkheden bij deze groep
patiënten.
Methoden: Na een algemene inleiding
over de richtlijnen voor psychotherapeutische
behandeling van ptss en over complexe ptss (R.
Jongedijk), zullen vervolgens presentaties worden
gegeven over drie evidence-based behandelvormen
voor ptss, te weten het Kort Eclectisch Protocol
voor ptss (kep; B. Gersons), narratieve exposure
therapy (net; R. Jongedijk) en eye movement desensitisation
and reprocessing (emdr; J. ter Heide).
Expliciet zal worden ingegaan op de moeilijkheden
en mogelijkheden van deze therapievormen
bij complexe ptss-patiënten. De aanpassingen in
de behandeling voor deze groep patiënten zal worden besproken. Na de voordrachten zal er tijd zijn voor vragen
en discussie.
Resultaten: Er is een duidelijk overzicht
gegeven van drie evidence-based psychotherapievormen
voor ptss. Voor de complexe groep
ptss-patiënten zijn de eventuele aanpassingen
aan de standaardprocedures van de behandeling
aan bod gekomen.
Aangetoond is dat deze behandelvormen
goed toepasbaar zijn bij complexe ptss-patiënten.
Conclusie: Evidence-based behandeling
van complexe ptss-patiënten door middel van
traumagerichte psychotherapie heeft doorgaans
de voorkeur. De deelnemer van de bijblijfsessie
heeft kennis genomen van drie evidence-based
behandelvormen voor ptss en kent de moeilijkheden
en mogelijkheden om deze toe te passen bij
complexe ptss-patiënten.
In the treatment of complex PTSD patients is not always evidence-based treatment applied as described in the guidelines. Typically, the view that stabilization is the only possible because of risk of psychological decompensation. Meanwhile, sufficient evidence that trauma-focused therapies even for complex ptsspatiënten possible and effective. Purpose: This bijblijfsessie will be argued that evidence-based trauma-focused treatment for complex PTSD patients is possible and desirable. Consideration will be given to problems and opportunities in this patient group. Methods: After a general introduction about the guidelines for psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD and complex PTSD (R. Jongedijk) will then presentations are given on three evidence-based treatments for PTSD, namely the short Eclectic Protocol for PTSD (kep; B . Gersons), narrative exposure therapy (net; R. Jongedijk) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR, J. Heide). Will explicitly address the difficulties and possibilities of this therapy are patients with complex PTSD. The adjustments in the treatment of these patients will be discussed. After the presentations there will be time for questions and discussion. Results: There is a clear overview of three evidence-based forms of psychotherapy for PTSD. For the complex group of PTSD patients, the adjustments to the standard procedures of treatment addressed. It has been demonstrated that these therapies are well applicable for complex PTSD patients. Conclusion: Evidence-based treatment of complex PTSD patients by trauma-focused psychotherapy is usually preferred. The participant of bijblijfsessie has noted three evidence-based treatments for PTSD and knows the difficulties and possibilities to apply it in complex PTSD patients.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. Thompson, P. (2007, April-May). Defending EMDR. Scientific American Mind, 18(2), 5.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Taking a Closer Look," by Scott O. Lilienfeld and Hal Arkowitz in a previous issue.
The authors state that EMDR is not more effective than standard behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapies. I have heard that EMDR is less stressful than standard therapies for PTSD and thus has a lower dropout rate and that this difference is not taken into account in studies of EMDR (because only patients who complete therapy are included in the studies). Is there indeed a difference in dropout rates?
Keywords: Letter
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. Arnezeder, K. (2001). Der beziehungsaspekt in der EMDR-behandlung [The relationship aspect of EMDR treatment]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.
Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Als Psychotherapeut bin ich in verschiedenen Methoden ausgebildet und diese therapeutische Sozialisation hat in mir die Identität eines „Beziehungsarbeiters“ geschaffen. Meine erste Begegnung mit EMDR war – wie könnte es anders sein – eine traumatische. Beim Schmökern im Buchladen hat mich die Lektüre eines Transskriptes einer EMDRBehandlung in Erschrecken und Erstaunen über die mangelnde Dialogbereitschaft der behandelnden Therapeutin versetzt. Die Klientin berichtet in diesem Transskript von einer traumatischen Erfahrung und die Therapeutin äußert sich dazu in der Form von: „Ja, sehr gut!“ und: „Bleiben Sie dabei!“ Offensichtlich bin ich in eine – wie ich heute weiß – „Reprozessierungsphase“ eines EMDRStandard- Protokolls geraten, und die weitere Lektüre hat suggeriert, dass es bei dieser Methode nicht auf den therapeutischen Dialog und all das ankomme, worin ich mich bislang habe schulen lassen, sondern auf einen durch Augenbewegungen initiierten inneren Verarbeitungsprozess. Inzwischen habe ich beides verarbeitet: sowohl mein Erschrecken als auch mein Erstaunen. Geblieben ist das Interesse an der Bedeutung der therapeutischen Beziehung im Rahmen der EMDR-Behandlung.
As a psychotherapist I am trained in various methods and this therapeutic socialization has created in me the identity of a "worker relationship. My first encounter with EMDR was - how could it be otherwise - a traumatic. Browsing in a bookstore I was reading a script of a Trans EMDRBehandlung in shock and surprise at the lack of dialogue of the treating therapist added. The client reported in this transcript of a traumatic experience and the therapist expresses this in the form of: "Yes, very good," and "Stay there!" Obviously I'm in a - as I now know - "Reprocessing phase" EMDR Standard a protocol advised and further reading has suggested that this method not to the therapeutic dialogue and all that matters is what I have so far can train, but on one eye movements initiated by internal processing. Meanwhile, I had processed both: both my shock and my astonishment. What remains is the interest in the importance of the therapeutic relationship in the context of the EMDR treatment.
Keywords: Transmission Dimension
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. Popky, A. J. (2009). DeTUR (Desensitization of Triggers and Urges), A. J. Popky (2005). A. J. Popky, PhD.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Summary of A. J. Popky's standard DeTUR (Desensitization of Triggers and Urges) protocol
by Susan Brown.
Keywords: Addiction DeTUR Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Blore, D. C., Holmshaw, E. M., Swift, A., Standart, S., & Fish, D. M. (2013). The development and uses of the “blind to therapist“ EMDR protocol. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 95-105. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.95.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The blind to therapist (B2T) protocol (Blore & Holmshaw, 2009a, 2009b) was devised to circumvent client unwillingness to describe traumatic memory content during eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). It has been used with at least six clinical presentations:
• Reassertion of control among “executive decision makers“
• Shame and embarrassment
• Minimizing potential for vicarious traumatization
• Cultural issues: avoiding distress being witnessed by a fellow countryman
• Need for the presence of a translator versus prevention of information “leakage“
• Reducing potential stalling in processing: client with severe stammer
This article details the history, development, and current status of the protocol, and provides case vignettes to illustrate each use. Clinical issues encountered when using the protocol and “dovetailing“ the B2T protocol back into the standard protocol are also addressed.
Keywords: Aphasia Blind to Therapist Protocol Client-Centered Approach EMD Guilt Shame
Accuracy Verified: No
60. Laub, B., & Weiner, N. (2011). A developmental/integrative perspective of the recent traumatic episode protocol. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(2), 57-72. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.57.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP) is an adaptation of the eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) standard protocol to the acute phases following trauma. In this article, the R-TEP structure and procedures were analyzed from a developmental/integrative perspective. It is proposed that the therapist's developmental understanding and attunement can enhance the therapeutic dyad and can promote flexible decision making while using the R-TEP procedures. One case illustration of a recent trauma intervention demonstrates the advantage of developmental attunement in using the R-TEP. This perspective enables the therapist to pace the various styles of processing as they relate to the different stages of the memory consolidation process.
Keywords: AIP Model Early EMDR Intervention EEI Memory Consolidation Process R-TEP Recent Events Recent Trauma Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. Stone, C., & Goode, P. (2012, October). Dilemmas of using EMDR in time limited environments. Presentation at the at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Applying EMDR standard protocol in time limited settings with clients who have experienced multiple traumas, often in childhood and combined with disrupted attachments, poses an ongoing clinical challenge. It is necessary to continue to explore ways in which such clients might benefit from EMDR whilst keeping the client ‘safe.’ This presentation seeks to offer some practical EMDR strategies, which have been found to be effective with such a client population in these settings, accompanied by case studies.
Keywords: Time-Limit Constraints
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. van der Hart, O. (2011, March). Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatisation and a guide to EMDR treatment. Preconference presentation at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There is currently consensus that the EMDR standard protocol needs to be modified
for chronically traumatized clients, such as clients with complex dissociative disorders, as it may
destabilize them. Therefore, therapists need to have a good understanding of the dissociative
personality structure that exists in these clients. Dissociation is an undue division of the personality
among two or more biopsychosocial systems or “dissociative parts” that comprise the survivor’s
personality. One or more of them function in daily life; others are fixated in traumatic experiences,
are living in trauma-time. The more severe the traumatisation, the more dissociative parts,
involving more complex trauma-related disorders, can be expected to exist. Dissociative parts have
psychobiological boundaries that are maintained, to a large degree, by different trauma-related
phobias, which are systematically resolved in phase-oriented treatment. Indeed, participants will
be able to describe structural dissociation of the personality as a specific form of integrative failure
that needs to be overcome in phase-oriented treatment, identify ways of relating dissociative
symptoms to the underlying dissociation of the personality, and identify targets such as the
dissociation-maintaining phobias, for EMDR interventions in the respective treatment phases. The
emphasis will be on the preparatory work, including how to work with dissociative parts living in
trauma-time and those perceived as being malevolent, necessary before focusing on the integration
of traumatic memories.
Keywords: Dissocation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. van der Hart, O. (2007). Dissociation: The key to understanding and treating traumitization. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A precise understanding of trauma-related dissociation is
essential for clinical practice, including the use of EMDR
with traumatized patients. The existence of many conflicting
and vague definitions of dissociation that include a
mixture of constructs has obscured understanding of the
nature of dissociation. Thus, it is viewed alternately as a
process, a structure, a defense mechanism, a deficit, and
as various symptoms. Most contemporary clinicians and
researchers working with traumatized people have lost a
connection with the unifying and comprehensive theory
of trauma-related dissociation already outlined over the
course of the history of psychiatry. Thus, a return to the
original major studies on trauma-related dissociation is
essential in clarifying the concept of dissociation, in reconciling
it with contemporary science, and in realizing
its importance in treatment. The works of two Masters
will be used to highlight this basic concept: Pierre Janet
(1859-1947) and Charles Myers (1873-1947). The theory
of structural dissociation of the personality integrates
their original views on dissociation with modern findings
from clinical practice and research and developments in
the neurosciences. It emphasizes that the personality system
of the trauma survivor becomes structurally divided
into two or more self-conscious psychobiological subsystems.
Some of these subsystems, which we have called
“dissociative parts of the personality”, are engaged in
daily living and avoidance of traumatic memories, other
parts are fixated in traumatic experiences and essentially
engaged in animal defensive actions toward perceived
danger. More severe chronic traumatization leads to more
complex structural dissociation, and thus to more complex
trauma-related disorders. Although short-term, intensive
treatments such as prolonged exposure and EMDR
are appropriate for simple trauma-related disorders, a
phase-oriented treatment is the standard of care formore
complex disorders. Regardless of treatment modalities
employed, be it EMDR or other approaches, therapists
need to be skilled in the recognition of symptoms of dissociation
and in special treatment approaches that support
personality integration among dissociative parts,
particularly in working with traumatic memories.
Keywords: Dissociation Keynote
Accuracy Verified: Yes
64. Darker-Smith, S. (2012, October). Dissociative disorders and EMDR: Depersonalisation, derealisation and dissociation. Presentation at the at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Within the field of dissociative disorders, EMDR clinicians are advised that there should be significant stabilisation in the preparation phase of the standard protocol. Indeed, where a client has been experiencing depersonalisation and / or derealisation for a significant period of time, there can be elements of heightened risk, such as suicidal intent caused by living in this ‘half-life’ or ‘dream-state’. For these clients, using a float-back technique to introduce body sensation as a mechanism of grounding can be, and is, highly effective in terms of stabilisation. This can enable a swifter progression to a place of stability in order to target the cause of dissociation, where it has been triggered by a natural, protective psychological avoidance to a traumatic event as well as reduce risk of suicide in clients who are experiencing significant distress at being ‘trapped’ in this ‘alternate reality’.
Keywords: Derealization Depersonalization Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Spoormaker, V. I., & Montgomery, P. (2008, June). Disturbed sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: Secondary symptom or core feature?. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12(3), 169-184. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.08.008 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Sleep disturbances are often viewed as a secondary symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), thought to resolve once PTSD has been treated. Specific screening, diagnosis and treatment of sleep disturbances is therefore not commonly conducted in trauma centres. However, recent evidence shows that this view and consequent practices are as much unhelpful as incorrect. Several sleep disorders—nightmares, insomnia, sleep apnoea and periodic limb movements—are highly prevalent in PTSD, and several studies found disturbed sleep to be a risk factor for the subsequent development of PTSD. Moreover, sleep disturbances are a frequent residual complaint after successful PTSD treatment: a finding that applies both to psychological and pharmacological treatment. In contrast, treatment focusing on sleep does alleviate both sleep disturbances and PTSD symptom severity. A growing body of evidence shows that disturbed sleep is more than a secondary symptom of PTSD—it seems to be a core feature. Sleep-focused treatment can be incorporated into any standard PTSD treatment, and PTSD research needs to start including validated sleep measurements in longitudinal epidemiologic and treatment outcome studies. Further clinical and research implications are discussed, and possible mechanisms for the role of disturbed (REM) sleep in PTSD are described.
Keywords: Etiology Insomnia Nightmares Posttruamatic Stress Disorder PTSD REM Sleep Risk Factor Sleep Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorders Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. Quinn, G. (2010, July). Early interventions. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or
prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although
usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate
trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian
Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s : EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations.(2009)
was developed to deal with victims of natural and man made disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Participants in this
workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood
within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event
of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times
of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for
patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident
or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation
the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the
face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine
Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency
settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment.
The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.
Keywords: Early Interventions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Grey, E. (2009, August). Earning security with EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The experience of safety associated with a secure attachment is essential in promoting social engagement. Social engagement requires the capacity to identify, tolerate and communicate our emotional states. This poster illustrates the pathogenic role that relational trauma plays in thwarting such intrapersonal attunement necessary for interpersonal integration. In particular, disorganized attachment experiences are highlighted as small-t traumas and “touchstone memories” related to “affect phobias”. These phobias are key psychopathological agents that maintain dissociative barriers between components of internal working models of self and other involved in attachment relationships.
Internal working models related to disorganized attachment experiences include segregated information of parent/child interactions in which the parent is the “source and solution of the child’s fright”. The establishment of “trauma coded” internal working models is instrumental in the development of “extra-personal attunement”. As opposed to intrapersonal attunement, extra-personal attunement is characterized by a preoccupation with the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of others and simultaneous dissociation of one’s own internal experience.
In the wake of such relational trauma, the adaptive information processing system within the individual becomes “corrupt”. The AIP model provides a way to understand the salience of dysfunctionally held information in the brain in thwarting interpersonal attunement and intrapersonal attunement and maintenance of a “corrupt information processing system”. Furthermore, it assists in the clinical navigation of the paths between memory, internal working models, and auto and interactive psychobiological regulation. From a clearer point of view and with an appreciation for the vulnerability of relational misattunement to be traumatic relevant EMDR processing targets can be indentified and targeted. In addition, this AIP conceptualization of relational trauma offers a parsimonious framework within which the effects of trauma can been seen in a variety of psychopathologies.
From adjustment disorders to dissociative identity disorder the feeling of “insecurity” associated with relationships reinforces extra-personal attunement and avoidance of interactive regulation necessary for social engagement. In addition, extrapersonal attunement leads to a preoccupation with the emotional states of others, avoidance of social engagement and substitution of work, play, food, and sex to regulate distress and amplify positive affect.
This poster will offer an Adaptive Information Processing model conceptualization of relational trauma and will outline the role of EMDR in reducing phobic responses to innate affect. It will also highlight the identification and processing of touchstone memories related to disorganized attachment experiences in both the standard EMDR protocol and the adapted “Ego-state specific” protocol. These interventions will be portrayed as necessary components of a comprehensive treatment plan in the treatment of relational trauma. Finally the successful treatment of relational trauma will be depicted as a relevant in promoting intrapersonal attunement necessary for interpersonal integration.
Keywords: Affect Phobias Phobias Relational Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Cotraccia, T. (2009, August). Earning security with EMDR - Promoting social engagement in the wake of relational trauma. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The experience of safety associated with a secure attachment is essential in promoting social engagement. Social engagement requires the capacity to identify, tolerate and communicate our emotional states. This poster illustrates the pathogenic role that relational trauma plays in thwarting such intrapersonal attunement necessary for interpersonal integration. In particular, disorganized attachment experiences are highlighted as small-t traumas and “touchstone memories” related to “affect phobias”. These phobias are key psychopathological agents that maintain dissociative barriers between components of internal working models of self and other involved in attachment relationships.
Internal working models related to disorganized attachment experiences include segregated information of parent/child interactions in which the parent is the “source and solution of the child’s fright”. The establishment of “trauma coded” internal working models is instrumental in the development of “extra-personal attunement”. As opposed to intrapersonal attunement, extra-personal attunement is characterized by a preoccupation with the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of others and simultaneous dissociation of one’s own internal experience.
In the wake of such relational trauma, the adaptive information processing system within the individual becomes “corrupt”. The AIP model provides a way to understand the salience of dysfunctionally held information in the brain in thwarting interpersonal attunement and intrapersonal attunement and maintenance of a “corrupt information processing system”. Furthermore, it assists in the clinical navigation of the paths between memory, internal working models, and auto and interactive psychobiological regulation. From a clearer point of view and with an appreciation for the vulnerability of relational misattunement to be traumatic relevant EMDR processing targets can be indentified and targeted. In addition, this AIP conceptualization of relational trauma offers a parsimonious framework within which the effects of trauma can been seen in a variety of psychopathologies.
From adjustment disorders to dissociative identity disorder the feeling of “insecurity” associated with relationships reinforces extra-personal attunement and avoidance of interactive regulation necessary for social engagement. In addition, extrapersonal attunement leads to a preoccupation with the emotional states of others, avoidance of social engagement and substitution of work, play, food, and sex to regulate distress and amplify positive affect.
This poster will offer an Adaptive Information Processing model conceptualization of relational trauma and will outline the role of EMDR in reducing phobic responses to innate affect. It will also highlight the identification and processing of touchstone memories related to disorganized attachment experiences in both the standard EMDR protocol and the adapted “Ego-state specific” protocol. These interventions will be portrayed as necessary components of a comprehensive treatment plan in the treatment of relational trauma. Finally the successful treatment of relational trauma will be depicted as a relevant in promoting intrapersonal attunement necessary for interpersonal integration.
Keywords: Poster Social Engagement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Janssen, J. (2012, February). Een bijzondere casus (serie): EMDR-behandeling van vroegkinderlijke trauma’s bij een cliënte met een eetstoornis [A special case (series): EMDR treatment of early childhood trauma in a client with an eating disorder]. Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 38(1), 21-37. doi:10.1007/s12485-012-0003-3.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Onveilige hechting en vroegkinderlijke trauma’s liggen aan de basis
van veel problemen die onze cliënten ervaren in hun dagelijkse
leven en zij leiden tot disfunctionele gedachten- en gedragspatronen.
In de babyfase ontwikkelt zich het (sociale) brein op basis van
liefde of het ontbreken ervan. Het is de interactie tussen baby’s en
hun ouders in de eerste jaren die bepalend is. Het introduceren in
de therapie van liefde en liefdevolle ouders die er voor hen zijn, lijkt
van essentieel belang te zijn voor een succesvolle behandeling.
In dit artikel wordt het vier-stappenmodel van Katie O’Shea uiteengezet.
De eerste drie stappen bieden de effectieve stabilisatie die
nodig is om de behandeling van vroegkinderlijke trauma’s aan te
gaan. In stap 4 kan deze behandeling vervolgens op gestructureerde
wijze plaatsvinden. Met haar ‘EMDR’-model creëren we als het
ware een nieuwe blauwdruk in het brein met als uitkomst ‘een reconstructie
van het zelfbeeld’. O’Shea beoogt met haar model herstel
van prenataal en perinataal trauma, wat met het standaard
EMDR-protocol niet gemakkelijk wordt bereikt.
DRS.
Insecure attachment and early childhood traumas are the basis
of many problems that our clients experience in their daily
life and they lead to dysfunctional thoughts and behavioral patterns.
In the infant stage develops the (social) brain based on
love or lack thereof. It is the interaction between babies and
their parents in the early years is decisive. Introducing into
the therapy of love and loving parents who are there for them, seems
of vital importance for a successful treatment.
In this article, the four-step model Katie O'Shea put apart.
The first three steps provide effective stabilization to the
necessary for the treatment of early childhood trauma to
go. In step 4, this treatment can then structured by
manner. With its' EMDR' model we create as
were a new blueprint in the brain as being 'a reconstruction
of the self '. O'Shea aim with the recovery model
of prenatal and perinatal trauma, what with the standard
EMDR protocol is not easily achieved.
DRS.
Keywords: Childhood Trauma Eating Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. Nakahara, T., Nakahara, K., Uehara, M., Koyama, K., Li, K., Harada, T., Yasuhara, D., Taguchi, H., Kojima, S., Sagiyama, K., & Inui, A. (2007, May). Effect of juggling therapy on anxiety disorders in female patients. doi:doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-10. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 1(10), 1-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juggling therapy for anxiety disorder
patients.
Design and Method: Subjects were 17 female outpatients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic
criteria for anxiety disorders. Subjects were treated with standard psychotherapy, medication and
counseling for 6 months. For the last 3 months of treatment, subjects were randomized into either
a non-juggling group (n = 9) or a juggling therapy group (juggling group: n = 8). The juggling group
gradually acquired juggling skills by practicing juggling beanbags (otedama in Japan) with both hands.
The therapeutic effect was evaluated using scores of psychological testing (STAI: State and Trate
Anxiety Inventry, POMS: Profile of Mood Status) and of ADL (FAI: Franchay Activity Index)
collected before treatment, 3 months after treatment (before juggling therapy), and at the end of
both treatments.
Results: After 6 months, an analysis of variance revealed that scores on the state anxiety, trait
anxiety subscales of STAI and tension-anxiety (T-A) score of POMS were significantly lower in the
juggling group than in the non-juggling group (p < 0.01). Depression, anger-hostility scores of POMS
were improved more than non-jugglers. In the juggling group, activity scores on the vigor subscale
of POMS and FAI score were significantly higher than those in the non juggling group (p < 0.01).
Other mood scores of POMS did not differ between the two groups.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that juggling therapy may be effective for the treatment of
anxiety disorders.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Females
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Manfield, P. (2006, September). Effective EMDR targeting with couples. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The workshop begins with a discussion of which clients this technique is appropriate for. The
technique is not recommended for couples in which
either or both partners do not have adequate affect
tolerance, observing ego, or trust of each other's
integrety. Other risk factors for using EMDR in
couples therapy that have been highlighted in other
presentations and literature will be briefly reviewed.
Participants will learn to differentiate between
clients' statements that represent present experience
and those that represent concepts of present
experience or reporting of past experiences.
Participants will be taught specific interventions
which they will practice in guided exercise that
will enable them to facilitate both individuals and
couples to stay in their present experience during
EMDR targeting. Irrational emotional responses
to daily interactions and conflicts are often the result
of unresolved issues resulting from underlying
feeder memories. Participants will learn a simple
method for identifying underlying issues of each
individual partner related to a given conflict. The
final and most substantial portion of this
presentation will be focused on using a refined
"affect bridge" technique to identify the feeder
memories associated with those issues so that they
can be targeted with the standard EMDR protocol.
Specific methods will be taught to overcome
clients' resistance and difficulties with accessing
memories; these methods include use of accessing
cues (re: Neurolinguistic Programming) and
developing eidetics (re: Eidetic Psychotherapy)
These methods will be illustrated using a case
transcript, guided participant experiential exercise, and live demonstration.
Keywords: Couples Couples Therapy Targeting
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Borstein, S. S. (2009, August). The effectiveness of brief adjunctive EMDR: A pilot study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A pilot study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of brief adjunctive EMDR treatment, in the naturalistic
setting of an outpatient clinical office. All clients referred for adjunctive EMDR were considered for this study. A
total of 14 individuals were accepted for treatment and completed that treatment, utilizing the standard EMDR
protocol. Length of treatment was four to thirteen 50 minute sessions (mean = 8.8 sessions). Each subject was
administered five self-report measures pre- and post-treatment. In addition, referring therapists were asked to rate
the intensity of one to three presenting problems, pre- and post-treatment. Four out of five self-report measures
indicated statistically significant improvement, with significance greater than .001. The effect size was Large or
Very Large for those four measures.
Keywords: Adjunctive Treatment Brief Adjunctive EMDR Treatment Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Rubin, Al., Bischofshausen, S., Conroy-Moore, K., Dennis, B., Hastie, M., Melnick, L., Reeves, D., & Smith, T. (2001, July). The effectiveness of EMDR in a child guidance center. Research on Social Work Practice, 11(4), 435-457. doi:10.1177/104973150101100402 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of adding EMDR to the routine treatment regimen of child therapists. Method: 39 child guidance center clients were randomly assigned to an experimental group that received EMDR plus the center's routine treatment package or a control group that received only the center's routine treatment package. Results: Analyses of variance found no significant differences in Child Behavior Checklist scores between groups. Subanalyses conducted for 33 clients with elevated pretest scores found moderate effect sizes that approached, but fell short of, statistical significance. Conclusions: These findings raise doubts about notions that EMDR produces rapid and dramatic improvements with children whose emotional and behavioral problems are not narrowly connected to a specific trauma and who require improvisational deviations from the standard EMDR protocol. Further research is needed in light of the special difficulties connected to implementing the EMDR protocol with clients like those in this study. [Sage]
Keywords: Affective Disorders Behavior Problems Effectiveness Emotional & Behavioral Problems Empirical Study Treatment Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. Kannan, L., & Mehrotra, S. (2010, July). Effectiveness of EMDR with those undergoing traumatic divorce. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A contested divorce in an eastern cultural context qualifies to be classified as a traumatic event. Those experiencing this
ongoing trauma often undergo PTSD and Depression. EMDR with its standard and current events protocol serves to mitigate
both the anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly. This study looks at adapting EMDR for divorcing families in court,
clinical and private settings.
Participants will learn
1. Differences in cognition of marriage in different cultures such as western, Eastern and Middle Eastern and potential
problems, which are culture specific.
2. What constitutes marital trauma and traumatic divorce in the Eastern context
3. The impact of marital trauma in terms of clinical presentation as well as non clinical parameters of well being such as self-esteem, general health, locus of control and quality of life among those undergoing EMDR.
4. How to use EMDR with those undergoing marital trauma with divorce proceedings and cultural implications.
5. Adaptations in the EMDR to the court environment as well as other setting where such clients may present themselves
Keywords: Divorce
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Ruozzi, A. (2002). Efficacia dell'EMDR nella psicoterapia del PTSD e dei ricordi traumatici [Effectiveness of EMDR psychotherapy on PTSD and traumatic memories]. Retrieved from http://www.psicotraumatologia.com/pubblicazioni_psicotraumatologia_italiane.htm on 10/13/2012.
Language: Italian
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
L’EMDR inoltre progredisce su altri due versanti: da un lato incorpora al suo interno spunti teorici ed applicativi provenienti da diversi paradigmi psicoterapeutici allo scopo di potenziare l’efficacia e la flessibilità (Shapiro, 1995); dall’altro lato, si cerca di applicare il metodo a disturbi che vanno oltre al PTSD. Attualmente nei differenti paesi del mondo le persone che hanno effettuato un training organizzato dall’EMDR Institute sono circa 30.000.In Italia i primi corsi sull’EMDR sono stati condotti nel febbraio 1999 e sono attualmente coordinati dall’Associazione EMDR Italia, a sua volta riconosciuta e patrocinata dalla EMDR Europe (Giannantonio, 2000). L’associazione ha sede a Milano e dispone di un sito internet: www.emdritalia.it.
Il dibattito sull’efficacia di questo metodo è tuttora aperto e sono numerose e contrastanti le ricerche che si sono svolte su questo argomento. La questione ha assunto a tratti i toni dello scontro ideologico e sono subentrati anche problemi di carattere commerciale, un metodo che si propone come più efficace e più rapido nella terapia di alcuni disturbi psicologici non può non essere valutato come un rivale, soprattutto in una realtà come quella del Nord America dove le spese per la psicoterapia sono pagate dalle assicurazioni (Giannantonio, 2000).
L’EMDR è uno dei metodi che vanta il maggior numero di conferme sperimentali nella psicoterapia del PTSD. Questo gli ha consentito nel 1995 di essere considerata “trattamento probabilmente efficace” (valutazione A/B) nella terapia del PTSD dalla Task Force on Psychological Intervention dell’American Psychological Association. Questa valutazione di efficacia è uguagliata solo dallo Stress Inoculation Training e dalle terapie basate sull’esposizione (Chambless et al., 1998).
Gli studi prodotti sull’efficacia dell’EMDR sono numerosi (per una rassegna vedi Giannantonio, 2000), molti sono criticabili perché mal strutturati e con grossi problemi di validità. Esistono tuttavia una serie di studi ben organizzati che si sono dimostrati inattaccabili sul piano metodologico...
Questi studi tuttavia commettono uno o più dei seguenti problemi:
1) Impiegano una o due sedute di EMDR con reduci del Vietnam forse anche a causa dell’equivoco suscitato dalla stessa Shapiro (1989) che riferiva risultati importanti nei confronti del PTSD con una sola seduta di EMDR nel 100% dei soggetti. Una tale concezione dell’EMDR non è quella più attuale e condivisa (Shapiro, 1995).
2) Trattano con l’EMDR solo uno o due episodi traumatici in soggetti che devono essere considerati “pluritraumatizzati” (Shapiro, 1999).
La presente Tesi è divisa in due parti: nella prima di carattere essenzialmente bibliografico ho analizzato la letteratura esistente sull’EMDR e sul PTSD.
Nel secondo capitolo descriverò il Disturbo Post-Traumatico da Stress analizzando i vari approcci teorici al problema del trauma.
Nel terzo capitolo verrà analizzata la teoria dell’EMDR ovvero il modello esplicativo ritenuto più adeguato che fa riferimento alla “elaborazione accelerata dell’informazione”.
Il quarto capitolo, che conclude la prima parte, riporta il protocollo standard di somministrazione dell’EMDR per adulti e adolescenti.
Nella seconda parte viene riportata la descrizione della ricerca che si sta producendo in collaborazione con l’EMDR Italia che si propone di valutare l’efficacia dell’EMDR. Nel quinto capitolo viene descritto il disegno sperimentale. Nel sesto capitolo viene analizzato il metodo di campionamento e i presupposti di validità della ricerca. Nel settimo capitolo sono descritti i test che si è deciso di analizzare nel corso della presente tesi. Infine l’ottavo capitolo si concentra sull’analisi dei primi dati emersi dalla ricerca e sulle prime conclusioni.
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EMDR also progressing on two other fronts: on the one hand it incorporates theoretical insights and applications from different psychotherapeutic paradigms in order to enhance the effectiveness and flexibility (Shapiro, 1995), on the other hand, it tries to apply the method to problems that go beyond PTSD.
Currently in different countries of the world, people who have a training organized dall'EMDR Institute 30.000.In Italy are about the first courses on EMDR have been conducted in February 1999 and is currently coordinated by the Association EMDR Italy, in turn recognized and sponsored by the EMDR Europe (Giannantonio, 2000). The association is based in Milan and has a website: www.emdritalia.it.
The debate on the effectiveness of this method is still open and they are many and conflicting research that took place on this topic. The issue has assumed at times the tone of the ideological battle and were replaced also problems of a commercial nature, a method is proposed as a more effective and faster in the treatment of certain psychological disorders can not be assessed as a rival, especially in a situation such as North America where the cost of psychotherapy are paid by insurance (Giannantonio, 2000).
EMDR is one of the methods which has the highest number of experimental confirmation in psychotherapy for PTSD. This enabled him in 1995 to be considered "probably efficacious treatment" (rated A / B) in the treatment of PTSD by the Task Force on Psychological Intervention of the American Psychological Association. This assessment of effectiveness is equaled only by the stress inoculation training and exposure-based therapies (Chambless et al., 1998).
Studies on the effectiveness of EMDR are numerous products (for review see Giannantonio, 2000), many are questionable because poorly structured and serious problems of validity. There are however a number of well-organized studies that have proven resistant in terms of methodology:
......
These studies, however, have committed one or more of the following problems:
1) They use one or two sessions of EMDR with Vietnam veterans possibly because of misunderstanding caused by the same Shapiro (1989) who reported significant results against PTSD with a single session of EMDR in 100% of subjects. Such a conception of EMDR is not the most current and shared (Shapiro, 1995).
2) They deal with EMDR only one or two traumatic events in people who should be considered "pluritraumatizzati" (Shapiro, 1999).
This thesis is divided into two parts: the first character essentially bibliographic I analyzed the existing literature on EMDR and PTSD.
In the second chapter I will describe the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder analyzing the various theoretical approaches to the problem of trauma.
In the third chapter we will analyze the theory of EMDR or the explanatory model deemed more appropriate that refers to the "accelerated processing of information."
The fourth chapter, which concludes the first part shows the standard protocol of administration of EMDR for adults and adolescents.
In the second part shows the description of the research that is being produced in collaboration with the EMDR Italy that aims to assess the effectiveness of EMDR. In the fifth chapter describes the experimental design. In the sixth chapter analyzes the sampling method and the conditions for validity of the research. In the seventh chapter describes the tests it was decided to analyze the course of this thesis. Finally, the eighth chapter will focus on early evidence from research and initial findings.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Lee, C. (2006, May). Efficacy and mechanisms of action of EMDR as a treatment for PTSD. Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The first aim of this thesis was to describe the characteristics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to elucidate its place as a symptom disorder that sometimes develops when people are exposed to a traumatic event. The current major theoretical approaches to account for why some people who are exposed to trauma develop PTSD and the mechanisms by which this occurs were described. Three classes of theories were reviewed: conditioning/learning approach; information processing theories with a particular focus on the meaning of the trauma event; and biological models with an emphasis on recent neurocircuitry and neurochemistry models.
Successful treatment approaches were then reviewed which indicated two major contenders for the most efficacious treatment for PTSD: traditional cognitive behaviour therapies (CBT) using either stress inoculation or prolonged exposure; and eye movement desensitisation and processing (EMDR). Prior to the first study (Lee, Gavriel, Drummond, Richards, and Greenwald, 2002), a review of the literature indicated equivalent effects for EMDR and CBT. There had been very few direct comparison studies and each had serious methodological flaws, particularly with respect to random assignment and treatment fidelity. Therefore, the first study ensured adequate attention to these areas and involved a direct comparison between the two procedures using a sample of 24 participants diagnosed with PTSD. EMDR and stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure were found to lead to similar symptom improvement at the end of treatment, apart from a slight advantage for EMDR on intrusion symptoms. Both treatments led to significantly greater symptom reduction than a wait list control condition. At follow-up, EMDR led to greater gains on both self-report and observer rated measures of PTSD and self-report measures of depression. Overall, the findings were similar to those described in previously published studies, with a suggestion that EMDR was slightly more efficient than the standard CBT approach.
Given that the evidence suggested that EMDR was a more efficient treatment, it became critical to understand the underlying processes. A process study was undertaken that examined the responses of people with PTSD receiving EMDR treatment (Lee, Taylor, and Drummond, 2006). Guided by process studies of other treatments and theories that might account for why EMDR is effective, participants' responses were examined to see which models better accounted for symptom improvement. The main analysis tested whether or not the responses were consistent with processes that occurred during traditional CBT treatment, which prior research had identified as reliving, or whether they were more consistent with Shapiro's proposal that enhanced information processing occurs because there is a dual focus of attention (that is, the person simultaneously focuses on an external stimulus and on the traumatic memory) (Shapiro, 1995). The responses made by 44 participants were coded by an independent rater according to whether they were primarily reliving, distancing, affect or material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement occurred when the participant processed in a more detached or distant manner, whereas reliving responses were not associated with improvement. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggested that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that co-varied with improvement. The findings underscored a difference in the processes that underlie EMDR and traditional CBT.
The major question left unanswered from this second study was what causes this distancing process? Competing views were that it was facilitated by eye movement; alternatively, the therapist's instructions to participants might have precipitated this distancing phenomenon. The third study tested these ideas by randomly assigning 48 participants to either an eye movement or a no eye movement condition under two types of therapist instructions (reliving or distancing). Participants recalled personal distressing memories, and measures of distress and vividness were taken after treatment and at follow up. Only the eye movements made a significant difference to people's level of distress.
This conclusion appeared at odds with some of the previous literature that had tested the effects of eye movement on levels of distress. A meta-analysis of some of this research had suggested that there was no significant advantage of including eye movement in EMDR treatment unless the person had been diagnosed with PTSD. However, a close examination of this meta-analysis indicated some major methodological flaws in the computation; therefore, this was recalculated. The conclusion from this fourth study was consistent with study three in that EMDR with eye movement was found to lead to significantly greater improvement that EMDR without eye movement.
The results of these four studies were then discussed in terms of their implications for the theoretical models presented in Chapter 1. Aspects of learning theory that might account for EMDR efficiency were discussed as well as the failure of this model to account for treatment gains following EMDR. Information processing models were seen to better account for some of the phenomena observed in EMDR and for the findings from the four studies. Some suggestions of how eye movements might facilitate improved information processing were presented.
Finally, the relative merits of EMDR and CBT treatments were discussed and suggestions made for when to combine approaches. The conclusions highlight the point that EMDR appears to be the most promising treatment for PTSD.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Renfrey, G. (1993). The efficacy of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of trauma related imagery and cognitions: A partial dismantling procedure. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI. AAT 9412220.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This study investigated the effects of eye movement desensitization (EMD) on post-traumatic sequelae, and attempted a partial dismantling of the procedure to determine the necessity of EMD's characteristic eye movements. 23 persons participated in three groups: (1) those receiving standard EMD, (2) those receiving a variant of EMD in which eye movements were engendered through a light tracking task, and (3) those receiving a variant of EMD in which fixed visual attention replaced eye movements. All participants had experienced traumata as defined by the DSM-III-R and were having intrusive symptoms of PTSD at pre-treatment. All but two met full DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD. Each received two to six treatment sessions.Dependent variables included heart rate changes, subjective units of distress ratings, validity of both initial and targeted trauma-related cognitions during trauma-related imagery, overall frequency and intensity scores on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, anxiety and depression T-scores on the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and scores on the Impact of Events Scale. Assessments were conducted at pre- and post-treatment and at a one- to three-month follow-up. All three interventions produced significant, positive changes in all dependant measures between pre- and post-treatments. Further, these changes were maintained at follow-up. No significant differences between groups were observed. These changes were of comparable magnitude to those reported elsewhere, but were brought about through a greater number of treatment sessions. It was concluded that EMD does bring about fairly rapid therapeutic changes in those post-traumatic sequelae measured, though not as efficiently as most previous reports have suggested. Further, it was concluded that the eye movements peculiar to EMD are not a necessary component of the procedure. The similarities and differences between the present findings and previous reports are discussed, as are the limitations and implications of the present study. Recommendations for future work are made. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Clinical Trial Partial Dismantling Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2001, March). An efficient way of targeting traumatic material. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(1), 4.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Besides the correct application of the basic EMDR protocol,
one of the most important factors involving the treatment of
trauma related conditions, is the way the traumatic material is
targeted. For example, if clients have trouble processing, this could
be due to a lack of focus which prevents the client from successfully
tapping into his memory network. It’s our experience that, to
adequately tap into the memory network, it is most useful to use a
somewhat different strategy for ‘going back to target’ than which is
described as part of the standard EMDR procedure. We would
recommend the following procedure (see Box I).
Keywords: Targets
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. Blore, D., & Holmshaw, D. (2009). EMDR "blind to therapist protocol". In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 233-240). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The "Blind to Therapist Protocol" (B2T) is, essentially, that. It allows a client to go through the Standard EMDR Protocol, without revealing the content of the problem. This protocol is often used in conjunction with any client group in which divulging information might be uncomfortable to the individual prior to the use of EMDR. It has been used to treat train engineers, airplane pilots, ship captains, police officers, prison guards, doctors, nurses, paramedics, and firemen—workers characterized by the need to make life-and-death decisions for which they are personally responsible. In other words, those who have memories associated with not being in control at precisely the time when they are responsible for being in control. Another client group that can often have difficulties with divulging information is child abuse survivors where the client fears overwhelming or disgusting the therapist with the nature of the material to be treated. In such instances the protocol is very successful and can be a useful addition to the therapist's repertoire. It helps build the therapeutic relationship by demonstrating to the client that the therapist has trust in them. Once the client has seen how the therapist copes with material being raised, the Standard EMDR Protocol would be used. The Blind to Therapist Protocol Script is presented. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: EMDR Blind to Therapist Protocol Script Survivors Therapeutic Relationship Traumatic Memories
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Albers, J. (2008, June). EMDR & cue exposure – How cue exposure catalyses the effectiveness of the EMDR protocol to diminish craving. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A structured six-session group therapy has been developed for overcoming craving. Treatment is
based upon a standard EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure techniques. The EMDR protocol
supported by cue exposure catalyses the recovery process as follows: In the very beginning the
participants are taught a set of three ideodynamic resources for coping with the urge to drink. Then
they are exposed to alcohol until the urge to drink reaches it´s peak. At this moment they are taught
to initialize the standard EMDR protocol - with continued exposure to alcohol. Subsequently, the
power of desensitisation and reprocessing followed by one ideodynamic strategy influences the
intensity of craving significantly. Craving symptoms diminish and finally disappear. In addition to that
new experience the clients acquire greater and deeper knowledge about their personal drinking
triggers. They also find out which strategy is the most effective one for each specific trigger. A
strategy, which works well with one trigger, may not work with a different one. Workshop
participants will learn the system of using cue exposure as a powerful cognitive interweave. This
program is designed to improve the treatment of various types of addiction, such as gambling, etc.
and can easily be integrated into existing EMDR treatment strategies.
Keywords: Cue Exposure
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., Muraoka, M. Y., Saitou, Y., & Saitou, I. (1997). EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) for combat related post-traumatic stress disorder. Japanese Journal of Biofeedback Research, (24), 50-64.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Studied the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Human Ss: 35 male American adults (aged 41-70 yrs) (PTSD) (34 Vietnam War veterans and 1 Korean War veteran). Tests used: The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (D. D. Blake et al, 1995), the restandardized MMPI, the Mississippi Scale for Combat Related PTSD (T. M. Keane et al, 1988), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Impact of Events Scale and the Initial Screening Questionnaire. Treatments: 10 Ss were administered 12 EMDR sessions, 13 Ss were administered 12 sessions of biofeedback and relaxation, and 12 Ss were administered standard treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Combat Empirical Study Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. Titze, M. (1997). EMDR - Unterstützte thematisierung bei psychodynamisch fundierten fokaltherapien [EMDR - Supported theming in-depth psychodynamic focal therapy]. In C. T. Eschenröder: EMDR. Eine neue Methode zur Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen (pp. 179-188). Tübingen: DGVT-Verlag.
Language: German
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Lange Zeit galt eine im Sinne der psychoanalytischen Standardmethode durchgeführte Langzeittherapie als qualitativ besonders hochstehend. Dabei ließ sich argumentieren, dass die entscheidenden Eckpfeiler des analytischen Prozesses (Erinnern, Wiederholen, Durcharbeiten) einer zeitaufwendigen Methodik (freie Assoziation, "gleichschwebende Aufmerksamkeit" und regressionsfördernde Zurückhaltung / Schweigen des Analytikers, Übertragungs- und Widerstandsdeutungen usw.) bedürfen (vgl. Thomä & Kächele, 1989). Eine unbestreitbare methodische Schwäche dieser Vorgehensweise resultiert allerdings aus dem Verzicht auf eine aktive Strukturierung durch den Analytiker. Dies kann dazu führen, dass sich manche Klienten in der realen therapeutischen Beziehung allein gelassen bzw. nicht ernst genommen fühlen. Eine nicht selten mehrjährige Behandlungsdauer kann zudem eine Unzufriedenheit hervorrufen, die dann zu realen Widerstandstendenzen auf Seiten des Klienten führen wird, wenn ein spürbarer Behandlungserfolg ausblieb (vgl. dazu Eschenröder, 1986, Kap. 11). Doch es sind nicht allein solche Einwände, die zu einer Relativierung der Bedeutung von analytischen Langzeittherapien geführt haben. Es waren auch reale ökonomische Gegebenheiten, die diese Bedeutung in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in Frage gestellt haben. Nachdem nämlich, zunächst in den Vereinigten Staaten, die Versicherungen dazu übergegangen sind, nur eine stark begrenzte Anzahl psychothe-rapeutischer Leistungen zu erstatten, kam es auch im Bereich der Tiefenpsychologie zu einer verstärkten Hinwendung gegenüber kurzzeittherapeutischen Verfahren (vgl. Goleman, 1981).
Long considered a standard in the sense of the psychoanalytic method carried out as long-term therapy of particularly high standing. It could be argued that the crucial cornerstone of the analytical process (remembering, repeating, working through) a time-consuming method require (free association, evenly suspended attention "and regression-promoting restraint / silence of the analyst, transference and resistance interpretations, etc.) (see Thoma & Kächele, 1989). One undoubted methodological weakness of this approach, however, results from the absence of an active structure by the analyst. This can cause that some clients feel in the real therapeutic relationship alone and not taken seriously. An often multi-year duration of treatment may also cause discontent that will lead to real resistance tendencies on the part of the client when a substantial treatment effect failed to (cf. Eschenröder, 1986, Chapter 11). But it is not only an objection that led to a relativization of the importance of long-term analytic therapies. There were also real economic conditions that have made this meaning in recent years increasingly in question. After that is to report first in the United States, the insurance companies have started, only a very limited number of psychotherapy therapeutic services were also provided in the field of depth psychology (1981 cf. Goleman,) to an increased turn over short-therapeutic procedures.
Keywords: Focal Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. Darker-Smith, S. (2011, October). EMDR and borderline personality disorder and use of B2T protocol. Presentation at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The adaptation of the order of the EMDR 8-phase standard protocol to target specific abandonment issues first and primarily limits the therapy interfering behaviours which lengthens overall therapeutic intervention duration and acts as a road-block (Leahy etc.) to therapy. Specifically, using a blind-to-therapist protocol for this client group once fears of abandonment (often acted out in the therapeutic dynamic) is addressed, then the risk of empathy-enhancing exaggerations is reduced. (Author abstract)
Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Matthess, H., Vojtova, H., & Dellucci, H. (2012, March). EMDR and complex trauma. Presentation at the 3rd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation, Berlin, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is widely recognized as a therapy of choice in psychotraumatology. However treating clients who suffer from complex traumatization, and especially dissociative disorder, using EMDR straightaway in its standard form is very difficult.
“By far, the greatest number of reported difficulties and stories of clinical problems and potential harm through the improper use of EMDR had involved clients with dissociative disorders.” Shapiro (2001, p. 308).
Does this mean that people who have complex trauma and dissociative disorder could not benefit from EMDR?
Which adaptations of the standard protocols in the different phases of the EMDR process are crucial in order to use EMDR to enhance the clients’ capacities and diminish their suffering?
Which indicators should be considered? How can clinicians provide a safe and efficient help, without getting lost in this difficult treatment patterns, by knowing what to do and why?
This workshop is designed for practitioners familiar with EMDR. It will provide a general overview of essential modifications of the standard EMDR protocol for complex traumatized clients. The theoretical part will focus on an understanding of the underlying EMDR working mechanism as far as discussed today, on knowledge of dissociation as a result of complex traumatization, in the context of the AIP model (adaptive information processing), the attachment theory, the theory of structural dissociation and recent research findings.
The emphasis will be on practical applications of these insights into a comprehensive treatment of this group of clients. Based on the experience of the presenters, implementing use of bilateral stimulation in all phases of therapy will be shown. Important considerations according possible iatrogenic harm will be discussed. Case examples from practice will be provided, including videos.
Keywords: Complex Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
85. Ostacoli, L. & Bertino, G. (2010, June). EMDR and drawing: A tool to integrate post-traumatic dissociation and overwhelming emotions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The difficulty of the management of overwhelming
emotions aid dissociative reactions are challenging for any EMUR
therapist dealing with complex traumas. As a complement
to the strategies already used in EMDR, drawing gives form to
The inner representations of the trauma, objectivizing it Thus the
person no longer relates only to something inside him/her, but
rather to something he/she can see and can concretely represent
and modify In the act of drawing, the patient makes an initial
reorganisation of the form of the trauma, and begins to differentiate
the adaptive ego, which has the tools and the ability to restructure
the experiences, and the traumatic emotional part that
suffers those experiences in a condition of Impotence and passivity
The person may rapidly access preverbal and motor-sensory
language, activating inborn creative skills. The use of this tool
enables us t0 access the traumatic material gently, limiting dissociative
reactions, bypassing avoidance and flight behaviour and
setting a distance from pan by objectivizing . A protective space
is created between the self and the part that holds the suffering.
p i n g a voice to the inner child. The patient is offered the possibility
of drawing what is occurring in the self's here and now, and given a choice of different graphic materials. At the end of the
drawing and assessment phase the person is asked to note what
has emerged, and a brief space of time may be allowed for description
without interpretation. The represented Image is treated
as the inner image in the classic protocol. To start, the patent is
asked to focus on the drawing, on the negative cognition and
on the bodily location of the emotional disorder, while bilateral
stimulation is applied. At the end of each set, the patient is asked
what he/she has noticed and the therapist verifies where the person
now is in the re-elaboration. If there is a change the person
may either work on the drawing, modifying it, or, if the change of
image is radical, may produce another drawing. After several sets,
an adaptive drawing emerge5 that may be installed as a resource.
The report presents the use of the tool in various psychopathological
conditions, with the support of video and graphic materials,
particularly focusing on how to manage dissociation.
Learning objectives:
1.To learn the use of drawing as a supplementary tool, through
graphic and video material of clinical cases.
2. To recognise the indications in which it provides added value
to the classical protocol.
3. to learn its use in various psychopathological conditions,
with particular emphasis on dissociative states.
The use of drawing as a supplementary tool within the EMDR
protocol gives form to the inner representation of the trauma, objectivising
it, and creates a bridge of communication between the
self and the blocked parts, after which it will be possible to return
to desensitizing and re-elaboration with the standard protocol.
Keywords: Dissociation Drawing Emotion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
86. McNeal, S. A. (2001, July). EMDR and dream interpretation. Presentation at the International Association for the Study of Dreams, Santa Cruz, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper describes a method of dream interpretation useful in psychotherapy.The therapist can use the treatment method EMDR (eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing) for processing dream images. The associations elicited in this manner provide a wealth of significant material for psychotherapy as well as resulting in meaningful dream interpretation.
Learning Objectives:
1) To present a new method of dream interpretation
2) To describe the protocol so that others could use it
3) To indicate how this method can enhance therapeutic results
Evaluation questions:
1) How does this use of EMDR differ from the standard use of EMDR with dream imagery?
2) Summarize briefly how EMDR is used for dream interpretation?
3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method of dream interpretation?
EMDR and Dream Interpretation
When utilizing EMDR to resolve a trauma, one of the four target areas in the standard EMDR protocol is the nightmare image. During reprocessing, the nightmare image often changes to reveal the real life experiences that are part of the traumatic material. If processing is complete, the nightmare image will not reoccur.
Theoretically, the periods of REM sleep when dreaming occurs are thought to be natural survival mechanisms whereby experiences from the day are synthesized and stored in memory. It has been speculated that nightmares are the mind's attempts to metabolize trapped information. Because trauma can also produce interrupted and dysfunctional REM sleep, nightmares may reoccur indefinitely without resolution taking place. EMDR has been shown to effectively process nightmare images so that reoccurring nightmares cease.
Less has been reported in the EMDR literature regarding dream images that are not nightmarish and do not reoccur. It is usually assumed that if the dreaming process is natural and healthy without nightmares or interrupted sleep, then it is not to be tampered with and is not a focus of treatment. However, EMDR can be very helpful in processing information from dreams, even when the dream images may not appear to be relevant. Case material will be presented to demonstrate how EMDR can be useful in processing dream images during the normal course of treatment as well as contributing to the resolution of specific traumas.
Keywords: Dreams
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. Paterson, M. (2010, April). EMDR and ego state therapy: Healing complex trauma and dissociation. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting for the European Society for Trauma and Dissociation, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We all display particular patterns of thinking, feeling and acting, depending on the situation. The transition is usually seamless in well-adjusted people, but where there has been disrupted attachment or sustained early life trauma the result is often the formation of particular ego states, also known as alters, parts, or schema modes. These states perform roles usually geared towards survival, but in adulthood they can be dysfunctional. Depending upon a client’s early life experiences some ego states can be malevolent, wanting bad things for the client such as willing them to suffer in some way. These clients present us with the greatest challenges through what we know as complex trauma and dissociative disorders.
It is necessary for clients to remain stable during EMDR sessions and contained between sessions, particularly with complex trauma and dissociative disorders. There is a need, therefore, to learn techniques to work in the Preparation Phase with more difficult clients so they too can benefit from the full EMDR protocol. It is also helpful to know how to deal with blocked processing in the Desensitization Phase due to the interference of an ego-state.
This workshop initially provides an overview of dissociation and how it impacts on EMDR processing. There will be an explanation of Ego State Therapy (EST) and how it fits with EMDR to provide the stabilization clients need, as well as dealing with blocked processing. Clinical case material is used throughout to illustrate learning points. Through demonstration and practice participants will learn how to build resources for clients, access ego states in a controlled way and effect therapeutic change. In the latter part of the day, participants will see videos of live cases where EST is used effectively in the Preparation Phase of EMDR to: 1) identify the part-selves and 2) moderate the malevolence displayed by two difficult ego states.
Learning objectives
Understand how complex trauma and dissociative disorders impact EMDR processing
Understand the concept of working with part-selves as a way of preparing clients for the standard EMDR protocol.
Learn how to access ego states in a controlled way and effect therapeutic change and stability.
Learn techniques to deal with difficult ego states.
Keywords: Dissociation Ego State Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. Peterson, M. 2010, April). EMDR and ego state therapy: Healing complex trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We all display particular patterns of thinking, feeling and acting, depending on the situation. The transition is usually seamless in well-adjusted people, but where there has been disrupted attachment or sustained early life trauma the result is often the formation of particular ego states, also known as alters, parts, or schema modes. These states perform roles usually geared towards survival, but in adulthood they can be dysfunctional. Depending upon a client’s early life experiences some ego states can be malevolent, wanting bad things for the client such as willing them to suffer in some way. These clients present us with the greatest challenges through what we know as complex trauma and dissociative disorders. It is necessary for clients to remain stable during EMDR sessions and contained between sessions, particularly with complex trauma and dissociative disorders. There is a need, therefore, to learn techniques to work in the Preparation Phase with more difficult clients so they too can benefit from the full EMDR protocol. It is also helpful to know how to deal with blocked processing in the Desensitization Phase due to the interference of an ego-state. This workshop initially provides an overview of dissociation and how it impacts on EMDR processing. There will be an explanation of Ego State Therapy (EST) and how it fits with EMDR to provide the stabilization clients need, as well as dealing with blocked processing. Clinical case material is used throughout to illustrate learning points. Through demonstration and practice participants will learn how to build resources for clients, access ego states in a controlled way and effect therapeutic change. In the latter part of the day, participants will see videos of live cases where EST is used effectively in the Preparation Phase of EMDR to: 1) identify the part-selves and 2) moderate the malevolence displayed by two difficult ego states. Learning objectives Understand how complex trauma and dissociative disorders impact EMDR processing Understand the concept of working with part-selves as a way of preparing clients for the standard EMDR protocol. Learn how to access ego states in a controlled way and effect therapeutic change and stability. Learn techniques to deal with difficult ego states.
Keywords: Complex Trauma Dissociation Ego State Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
89. Leeds, A. M., & Shapiro, F. (2000). EMDR and resource installation: Principles and procedures for enhancing current functioning and resolving traumatic experiences. In J. Carlson, & L. Sperry (Eds.), Brief therapy with individuals and couples (pp. 469-534). Phoenix, Arizona: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen, Inc..
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter presents an overview of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a research-validated treatment for PTSD, and a related set of procedures known as resource development and installation (RDI), which have been reported to be useful in ego strengthening and stabilization. First, the extant research on EMDR, its theoretical model, and the 8 phases of its treatment are summarized (patient history and treatment planning, preparation, assessment, desensitization, installation, body scan, closure, and reevaluation). The 5 main elements of memory networks in EMDR are: image, thoughts and sounds, affect, sensation, and self-appraisal. The principles and theoretical foundations of RDI are then discussed. Then, 2 case examples are given. The 1st case illustrates a simple application of resource development and installation to supplement the standard EMDR PTSD protocol in the brief treatment of a marital crisis. The 2nd case summarizes the brief, strategic use of RDI to stabilize a patient with complex PTSD who was referred for collaborative treatment and to build a foundation for comprehensive EMDR treatment. [Adapted from Text, p. 469] [Pilots]
Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
90. Zimmerman, E. (2010, June). EMDR and the phase two treatment of the migraine and headache-protocol. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After the presentation of Dr. Steven Marcus PhD
on different EMDR-conferences of treating migraine and headaches
in a two-phase protocol, the authors of this presentation
decided to develop a study on the phase two treatment of the
headache protocol.
The phase one treatment of the headache protocol I-EMDR (integrated
EMDR) of Dr. Marcus is for the relief of acute headache
pain and related symptoms (nausea, vomiting, light or sound
sensitivity etc.). A research study of Dr. Marcus showed very
strong effects of the treatment of migraines in this acute phase.
(Steven V. Marcus: Phase 1 of integrated EMDR: An Abortive
Treatment for Migraine Headaches. JEMDR, Vol. 2, Number 1,
2008, pg. 15ff). The phase two treatment is a multi-session EMDR
headache treatment utilizing the Standard EMDR Protocol
to prevent or reduce future headache frequency, duration and
severity. The phase one has to be included in the second phase.
Thus, this phase two protocol has not yet been the subject of a
scientific research.
The authors present their study design and some cases with
video presentations as well as first results on the research of this
phase two treatment.
Keywords: Headache Medical Issues Migraine Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. Dworkin, M. (2005). EMDR and the relational imperative: The therapeutic relationship in EMDR treatment. New York: Routledge.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book is a commentary on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), based on my observations from clinical practice, that amplifies the relational perspective to Francine Shapiro's standard methodology. During the last 14 years I have conducted more than 5,000 EMDR sessions. The patterns of response I have seen in my clients and the latest discoveries in the neurosciences, which support my conviction in the relational imperative, have prompted me to write this commentary.The main theme of my book is that healing takes place when proper knowledge of the standard methodology is integrated into the context of the therapeutic relationship. I offer this work to enrich the reader's understanding of how I practice EMDR clinically. I have not conducted research to validate my opinions. This work is based on acute and repeated clinical observations of the many clients with whom I have had the privilege to work. [Adapted from Preface]
Keywords: Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Alliance
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Hofmann, A. (2009, June). EMDR and the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Patients with complex PTSD and dissociative symptoms are a challenging patient population . Concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et al.) and the the research on memory networks and especially structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) helps to understand this patients better. In the treatment of this patients EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also enclose other EMDR modalities besides the EMDR standard protocol. New developments in EMDR and an decission help when to apply them can help pacing the therapy of these patients and making it successful.
Keywords: Adults Childhood Sexual Abuse Keynote Neglect Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
93. Marquis, P. (2007, June). EMDR and the treatment of anxiety disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Dr. Marquis will present on the treatment of Anxiety Disorders using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This treatment is based on clinical research and practice, integrating Anxiety Disorder treatments such as interceptive exposure, psych-education, mindfulness, relaxation training, breathing retraining, cognitive techniques and exposure and response prevention with EMDR. The diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Hoarding, Trichotillomonia, Skin Picking, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorders, Phobias, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Somatization Disorder and their interaction with underlying PSTD will be discussed and standard EMDR treatment protocols presented. This will be presented in context of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. Theoretical models will be presented. This treatment integrates the use of future template and behavioral feedback for success of anxiety treatment. Participants will learn how to specify EMDR targets for rapid symptom reduction and how clients scan integrate self-use of bilateral stimulation to increase treatment results. Case examples will be presented. Participants will be encouraged to discuss and receive feedback on anxiety cases of their own. Cross-cultural applications and understanding will be explored. Dr. Marquis is the Anxiety Team Leader at Kaiser Hospital and has been practicing, teaching, and training EMDR internationally since 1991.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
94. Korn, D. L. (2011, August). EMDR and the treatment of complex PTSD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into an overall recovery plan in working with adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Individuals with histories of chronic victimization often struggle with extreme vulnerability and shame, heightened dissociative tendencies, and limited affect tolerance. In considering their unique needs, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored. Fears and blocking beliefs commonly seen in this population will be discussed, along with suggestions for effective cognitive interweave interventions. In addition, significant attention will be devoted to integrating EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment. This program will include lecture, videotape presentations, and case discussion.
Keywords: C-PTSD Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
95. DiGiorgio, K. E., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C. R., Lyhus, K. E., & Walter, R. C. (2004, September). EMDR and theoretical orientation: A qualitative study of how therapists integrate eye movement desensitization and reprocessing into their approach to psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 14(3), 227-252. doi:10.1037/1053-0479.14.3.227.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study examined how 3 therapists from differing theoretical orientations (psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive–behavioral) integrate eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) into their work with clients. The consensual qualitative research method was used to analyze interview responses from each of the therapists. All of the therapists deviated from the standard EMDR protocol to some degree, and their decisions to either add to or leave out various aspects of the protocol were greatly influenced by their theoretical orientation. They reported that the integration of EMDR into their usual therapy styles varied depending on their clients. The present study expands on previous psychotherapy integration research because it provides detailed descriptions as to how therapists actually use a specific method with clients. Findings may be particularly useful for researchers and therapists interested in the practice of EMDR, as well as the process of assimilative integration.
Keywords: Assimilative Integration Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Empirical Study Humanistic Psychotherapy Integrative Psychotherapy Humanistic Therapy Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Therapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Psychotherapy Integration Qualitative Study Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
96. Wipson, E. C. (2001, June). EMDR applications in addictive disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) explain addictive brain process; 2) list two client readiness safety issues; 3) list two client resources for Resource Installation with addictions; 4) know standard and addictive EMDR protocol; 5) describe one negative cognition and positive cognition example for "urge" desensitization; 6) list two blocks to processing; and 7) list three "disturbances" connected with Addictive Illness suitable for EMDR processing.
Keywords: Addictive Disorders Client Readiness Resource Installation Safety Issues Urge
Accuracy Verified: Yes
97. Ricci, R., & Clayton, C. (2011, August). EMDR as an adjunct to cognitive behavioral treatment of sex offenders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Historically the treatment of male adult sex offenders ignored or purposely avoided developmental adversity or trauma in the history of the offender. Emerging theories in the field of adult sex offender treatment allow room for a trauma informed treatment model including collaborative practice between sex offender treatment providers and EMDR practitioners. A promising mixed-methods study adding EMDR to a standard CBT model with ten adult male child molesters found pre-post improvement in both treatment progress and significant reduction in deviant, idiosyncratic sexual arousal as measured by phallometry. The project’s qualitative analysis provides a guide to developing treatment protocol.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Sex Offenders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
98. Rougemont-Bucking, A. (2010, June). EMDR based treatment of psychotraumatic antecedents in illicit drug abusers: A report of two cases. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Background: EMDR has been recognized to be an efficacious
treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Other,
more recent indications comprise anxiety disorders and substance
use disorders (SUD). With regard to SUD, the application of EMDR
iS very challenging as patients frequently suffer from many
comorbidities. Another concern is the fact that the dissociative
experiencing during EMDR-sessions can potentially weaken the
patients' coping strategies and provoke relapse through activation
of intense drug craving.
General procedure. Sessions were proposed once a week. Specific
techniques like 'Safe Place', the technique of absorption, heart coherence training and ClPOS were applied prior to proposition
of the standard EMDR-protocol. Drug consumption and craving
was regularly monitored by means of the patents' self-reports
and drug craving scores. The therapist was regularly supervised
on the basis of video recordings.
Patient 1: A 49 year old man being diagnosed for PTSD and dependency
of opiates and benzodiazepines asked to benefit form
EMDR with regard to his PTSD symptoms. Patient was abstinent
from heroine consumption but consumed midazolam 3 times per
week when entering the therapy. Initial evaluation showed an
Impact of Event Scale (IES) score of 60, a Dissociative Experiences
Scale (DES) score of 39.6 and a midazolam craving score of 14.
Patient 2 :A 37 old man was diagnosed for borderline personality
disorder and for dependency of opiates. Heroine consumption occurred 1 to 3 times per month when starting the therapy
EMDR based therapy was proposed as he complained about
pertinacious insomnia due to trauma-like events during his childhood.
Initial evaluation showed a DES score of 7.8 and a heroine
craving score of 17.
Global impression: EMDR based treatment of severely affected
SUD patients appears to be a difficult and challenging endeavor
However, some beneficial effects on general comfort and on drug
consumption can be observed. A long stabilisation phase seems
to be mandatory and the standard EMDR protocol needs to be
conducted with much flexibility as patients were not able to handle
intensive emotional stress for a long time period. There was
no provocation of a prolonged psychological crisis or of relapse.
Experiencing of emotional stress could be limited to the sessions
and dissociation could be absorbed with specific techniques without
increasing permanently drug craving.
Learning objectives:
1. EMDR-based treatment is feasible in severely affected drug
abusers
2. Extensive stabilisation of the patient using flexible adaptation
of EMDR-related techniques is mandatory
3. Dissociation occurring during treatment has to be addressed
carefully as it can easily bridge into drug craving and relapse
What is unique: EMDR-based treatment may be a suitable way
to treat patients who are still abusing drugs as these interventions
focus on maladaptive associations that arise from both trauma
and substance related cues.
Keywords: Drug Abusers Heroine Psychotraumatic Antecedents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
99. Mitchell, R. (2009, May). The EMDR basic protocol: A review and update. Keynote presented at the 2nd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop, Leeds, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The eight-phase protocol is the bedrock of EMDR, however, the way it is taught has evolved over the years. We will review how EMDR is currently taught and highlight some of the common mistakes and misunderstandings made by clinicians. Attendance at the workshop will therefore make certain that all delegates can proceed to the other workshops during the day, 'armed' with the latest information.
Keywords: Basic Protocol Keynote Review Standard Protocol Update
Accuracy Verified: Yes
100. Korn, D. (2010, April). EMDR behandeling bij volwassenen met een verleden van incest en verwaarlozing. Het herstellen van ontwikkelings tekorten en het beschadigde ‘zelf’ [EMDR treatment in adults with a history of incest and neglect. Developmental deficits and restore the damaged self]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In deze workshop zal er worden ingegaan op het integreren van EMDR in een algemeen behandelingsplan voor volwassenen die incest en verwaarlozing in hun jeugd hebben meegemaakt.
De workshop is een verdieping van de keynote van het congres. De werkwijze zal gedetailleerd worden uitgelegd en zal worden geïllustreerd aan de hand van videopresentaties en bespreking van casuïstiek.
In eerste instantie wordt uitgelegd hoe de ontwikkelings- en hechtingsbehoeften van de cliënt onderzocht kunnen worden en hoe een betekenisvolle beschrijvende diagnose kan worden ontwikkeld om tot een geïntegreerd, logisch opgebouwd behandelingsplan te komen.
Bij deze groep cliënten, waarbij er sprake is van beperkte affect tolerantie, kwetsbaarheid voor hyper- en hypoarousal, en dissociatieve kenmerken, kan het standaard EMDR protocol worden aangepast met specifieke strategieën. Daar zal uitvoerig op worden ingegaan.
Ook zal er veel aandacht besteed worden aan het integreren van specifieke EMDR technieken, zoals diverse ego-versterkende protocollen en hulpbron installatie (RDI), in alle fasen van de behandeling.
Tevens zullen er technieken besproken worden die cliënten helpen om hun disfunctionele afweermechanismen los te laten, waardoor het veranderen van schema’s met hun kenmerkende kerngedachten en kernaffecten mogelijk wordt
Deelnemers aan deze workshop zullen leren om pathogene gevoelstoestanden, (zoals schaamte, wanhoop, onverdraagelijke eenzaamheidsgevoelens), angsten en ‘blocking beliefs’, ego state conflicten te herkennen, zodat de meest effectieve interweaves en hulpbron opties kunnen worden toegepast.
Verder zullen er strategieën voor herstel, zoals het verduidelijken van verantwoordelijkheid, het vaststellen van veiligheid en keuze, en het verwerken van rouw, verlangen en woede, worden besproken.
This workshop will address the integration of EMDR into an overall treatment plan for adult incest and neglect in childhood have experienced.
The workshop is a deepening of the keynote of the conference. The methodology will be explained in detail and will be illustrated with video presentations and discussion of case studies.
Initially, explains how the development and bonding needs of the client can be investigated and how a meaningful descriptive diagnosis can be developed into an integrated, logical plan of treatment.
In this group of clients, where there is limited affect tolerance, vulnerability to hyper-and hypoarousal and dissociative characteristics, the standard EMDR protocol to be adapted to specific strategies. As will be discussed in detail.
Also, much attention is paid to the integration of EMDR specific techniques, such as various ego-enhancing protocols and resource installation (RDI) in all phases of treatment.
Will also discuss techniques that help clients to their dysfunctional defense mechanisms to let go, so changing schedules with their distinctive core ideas and possible kernaffecten
Participants in this workshop will learn to pathogenic emotional states (such as shame, despair, unbearable loneliness feelings), and fears "blocking beliefs", ego-state conflicts to recognize that the most effective and interweaves resource options can be applied.
Moreover, through strategies for recovery, such as clarifying responsibilities, establishing security and choice, and the process of mourning, desire and anger are discussed.
Keywords: Adults Developmental Deficits Incest
Accuracy Verified: Yes
101. Eckers, D. (2011, June). EMDR bei kindern [EMDR for children]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In der Arbeit mit kleinen Kindern ist bei EMDR der Einsatz von therapeutischen Erzählgeschichten hilfreich um eine Traumabearbeitung zu ermöglichen, auch wenn die Kinder nur wenig sprechen können. Aber auch bei größeren Kindern und Erwachsenen bieten sich durch das Narrativ Möglichkeiten, die eigene Geschichte traumatherapeutisch zu bearbeiten, selbst wenn die frühe Entwicklungsgeschichte (wie bei Adoptiv- und Pflegefamilien) regulär wenig zugänglich ist oder die Kinder eine Bearbeitung mit dem Standardprotokoll phobisch vermeiden. Durch hypnotherapeutische Einbettung kann das Traumanarrativ dem Kind auch schonend vermittelt werden.
Learning objectives:
Im Workshop sollen anhand von vielen Fallbeispielen und Videoausschnitten die verschiedenen Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Traumanarrativen und EMDR illustriert werden.
In working with young children is on EMDR allows the use of therapeutic Tell stories to help a trauma, even if the children can speak only a little. But even in older children and adults are offered by the narrative possibilities to deal with their own history trauma therapy, even if the early developmental history (as with adoptive and foster families) are regular little accessible or prevent the children worked on with the standard protocol phobic. By embedding hypnotherapy can also be conveyed to the child Traumanarrativ gently.
Learning objectives:
The workshop will be the basis of many case examples and video clips of the various uses of EMDR Traumanarrativen and illustrated.
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
102. Hofmann, A. (2006, November). EMDR bij de behandeling van complexe PTSS patiënten [EMDR in the treatment of complex PTSD patients]. Keynote gepresenteerd aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Patiënten met complexe PTSS en dissociatieve symptomen zijn een uitdagende patiëntenpopulatie. Concepten zoals de stoornis van extreme stress (Herman et al..) En het geheugen van het onderzoek naar netwerken en vooral structurele dissociatie (Nijenhuis et al..) Helpt om dit te begrijpen patiënten beter. Bij de behandeling van deze patiënten EMDR kan een van de belangrijkste benaderingen in de behandeling een therapie instelling die gewoonlijk moet ook bijvoegen andere modaliteiten naast de EMDR EMDR standaardprotocol. Nieuwe ontwikkelingen in EMDR en een decission helpen wanneer ze toe te passen kan pacing de therapie van deze patiënten te helpen en maakt het succesvol.
Patients with complex PTSD and dissociative symptoms are a challenging patient population . Concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et al.) and the the research on memory networks and especially structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) help to understand these patients better. In the treatment of this patients EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also enclose other EMDR modalities besides the EMDR standard protocol. New developments in EMDR and an decission help when to apply them can help pacing the therapy of these patients and making it successful.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder C-PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
103. Veenstra, A. C. (2006, Oktober). EMDR bij hardnekkige enuresis nocturna in de adolescentiefase [EMDR with persistent nocturnal enuresis in adolescence]. Tijdschrift voor Kinder- & Jeugdpsychotherapie, 33(3), 39-53.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Er zijn diverse behandelmogelijkheden beschreven voor kinderen met enuresis
nocturna (Azrin, 1974; van Londen, 1984; Hira Sing, 2004; Richtlijn Enuresis
van de PAZ; NHG standaard Enuresis Nocturna). Ondanks deze
behandelmogelijkheden is er een groep kinderen die tot in de adolescentiefase
kampt met een zeer hardnekkige vorm van primaire enuresis nocturna.
Epidemiologisch onderzoek wijst op een prevalentie van enuresis nocturna bij
adolescenten van 1.2% (Nappo, 2002; Chiozza, 1998). De behandeling van
deze groep wordt belemmerd door een fors gedaalde motivatie voor
behandeling zowel als gevolg van de vele faalervaringen met eerdere
behandelpogingen, als door een toegenomen negatief zelfbeeld en gebrek aan
zelfvertrouwen.
Dit artikel laat zien hoe EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing) op experimentele basis werd gebruikt bij enkele adolescenten
met zeer hardnekkige enuresis nocturna. Het traumatiserende effect van
langdurende enuresis nocturna wordt omschreven. Met een casus wordt
geïllustreerd hoe EMDR wordt ingevlochten in de gedragstherapeutische
behandeling. Ten slotte worden de bevindingen beschreven bij de adolescenten
waar inmiddels ervaring mee is opgedaan.
There are several treatment choices for children with enuresis
nocturnal (Azrin, 1974, London, 1984, Hira Sing, 2004, Directive Enuresis
the PAZ, NHG standard nocturnal enuresis). Despite these
treatment options, there is a group of children into adolescence
faced with a very stubborn form of primary nocturnal enuresis.
Epidemiological research indicates a prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in
1.2% of adolescents (Nappo, 2002; Chiozza, 1998). The treatment of
This group is hindered by a sharp fall in motivation
treatment both because of the many failures of previous experiences
treatment attempts, and by an increased self-esteem and lack of
confidence.
This article shows how EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing) was used on an experimental basis in some adolescents
very persistent nocturnal enuresis. The traumatic effects of
long-term nocturnal enuresis is defined. With a case is
illustrate how EMDR is interwoven in the behavioral
treatment. Finally, the findings described in adolescents
now that experience has been acquired.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
104. Lievegoed, R., & Giltaij, H. (2005, November). EMDR bij mensen met een verstandelijke en/of meervoudige beperking [EMDR with people with mental and/or multiple restriction]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de eerste congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Na een korte inleiding over de speciale problemen die mensen met een Verstandelijke en/of Meervoudige (visueel-en-verstandelijke) Beperking in hun leven ontmoeten en de vele vormen van psychotrauma, die voor hen ontstaan door situaties die door anderen vaak niet als traumatisch worden ervaren (door het vermogen ervaringen zin en plaats te geven), zal vooral aan de hand van casuïstiek worden toegelicht hoe het EMDR standaardprotocol en de werkwijze aangepast kunnen worden aan de meer beperkte vaardigheden van de mensen in deze doelgroep. Hierbij zal ook gerefereerd worden aan de aanpassingen van het protocol zoals die voor jonge kinderen door diverse therapeuten is ontwikkeld, en die voor de onderhavige doelgroep vaak ook zeer relevant zijn.
De behandeling van een vrouw met een sterke visuele beperking plus een verstandelijke handicap zal d.m.v. een video gedemonstreerd worden, nadat kort gewezen is op de problemen die iemand heeft met een dubbele
handicap: er staan dan immers minder compensatiemogelijkheden voor de
handicap(s) ter beschikking.
Doelstelling:
Deelnemers leren zien dat EMDR ook bij de genoemde doelgroep(en) toegepast kan worden en maken kennis met enkele voorbeelden van hoe de behandeling specifiek vorm gegeven kan worden.
Maar belangrijkste doelstelling van deze workshop is dat behandelaars enthousiast kunnen worden voor de toepassing van EMDR juist ook voor deze kwetsbare mensen!
After a brief introduction to the special problems that people with intellectual and / or Multiple (visual and mental) limit in their lives meet and the many forms of psychotrauma, for them arise from situations that others often not as traumatic to experienced (the ability to experience meaning and place), will focus on using case studies explain how EMDR standard protocol and the method can be adapted to the more limited abilities of the people in this audience. It will also be referred to the adjustments of the protocol as for young children by different therapists was developed and used for this target group often highly relevant.
Treating a woman with a strong visual impairment and a mental disability will be using demonstrated a video, after briefly pointed to the difficulties that someone with a double
Disabled: There are after all less than redress for disability (s) available.
Objective:
Participants learn that EMDR also said the target group (s) can be applied and become familiar with some examples of how the specific form of treatment can be given.
But most important objective of this workshop is that therapists are enthusiastic for the use of EMDR for these very vulnerable people!
After a brief introduction to the special problems that people with intellectual and / or Multiple (visual and mental) limit in their lives meet and the many forms of psychotrauma, for them arise from situations that others often not as traumatic to experienced (the ability to experience meaning and place), will focus on using case studies explain how EMDR standard protocol and the method can be adapted to the more limited abilities of the people in this audience. It will also be referred to the adjustments of the protocol as for young children by different therapists was developed and used for this target group often highly relevant. Treating a woman with a strong visual impairment and a mental disability will be using demonstrated a video, after briefly pointed to the difficulties that someone with a doubleDisabled: There are after all less than redress fordisability (s) available.
Objective:Participants learn that EMDR also said the target group(s) can be applied and become familiar with some examples of how the specific form of treatment can be given. But most important objective of this workshop is that therapists are enthusiastic for the use of EMDR for these very vulnerable people!
Keywords: Mental Disabilities Visual Impairments
Accuracy Verified: Yes
105. Leeds, A. M. (1995, June). EMDR case formulation symposium. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The focus of this symposium will be on intermediate and advanced topics in EMDR case formulation in more challenging cases.
The presentation will include how affect and schema theories can help organize and guide treatment planing and selection of
protocols, targets and cognitions. Time will be allowed to discuss problem cases.
The symposium will begin with an overview of the EMDR theoretical model and the role of metacognitions in the accelerated
information processing paradigm. Guideposts to application will include principles such as: good enough cognitions and warning
indicators fiom cognitions and the history taking of potential blocked responses.
A model of EMDR case formulation issues will be presented involving treatment planning and selection of protocols, targets and
cognitions. A fundamental issue in case formulation will be proposed as the extent to which the case involves simple adult trauma
with a good premorbid history or is a more complex case conceptualized as involving some degree of neglect or pervasive failure of
the early environment to provide healthy models of self-other interaction.
Alternate treatment protocols will be offered for more complex cases presentations where there are insufficient healthy resources
present to permit the successfull use of standard EMDR protocols even with creative application of cognitive interweave strategies.
Protocols will be offered for "practice" EMDR sessions and for building up healthy internal resources in advance of targeting
disturbing memories.
Affect theory as developed by Silvan S. Tomkins and reviewed in Donald Nathanson's (1992) Shame and Pride, Affect Sex, and the
Birth of the Self, W. W. Norton & Co, New York, and its relationship to EMDR will be considered. Emphasis will be on the
biological theory of emotions, the nine innate affects, the central and unique role of shame in human development, and how affect
theory supports EMDR theory and application. For example, EMDR theory emphasizes the central role of physiological and
emotional responses and views cognitions as "distallations of experience" (Francine Shapiro, 1995, Eve Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing, Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures, Guilford Press, NY). Shame and its attendant distorted self concepts
is a central problem in PTSD and other pervasive traumageric disorders.
Aspects of this case formulation approach have been influenced by members of the EMDR facilitator staff most notably Landry
Wildwind's speciality and conference presentations on working with chronic depression and personal communications with
Marguerite McCorkle.
Case examples will be given in which alternate EMDR protocols were used to successfully work through unresolved developmental
issues and massive layers of shame that had blocked previous treatment efforts. A large portion of the symposium will be devoted to
a case conference round table where these issues will be explored through a discussion of problem cases offered by participants.
Keywords: Case Formulations
Accuracy Verified: Yes
106. St. André, É. (2010, Avril/Mai). EMDR dans le traitement d’un trouble obsessif compulsif: Une étude de cas [EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: A case study]. Atelier présenté à la réunion annuelle de l'EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Le trouble obsessif compulsif (TOC) est un trouble anxieux généralement chronique se présentant avec des obsessions récurrentes tel des idées persistantes, des images mentales et des compulsions (suivant les obsessions) tel des actes physiques ou mentaux répétitifs.
Dans cet atelier, le médecin fournira des indications cliniques sur son utilisation de l’EMDR dans le traitement d’un patient souffrant de TOC, et donnera quelques exemples tirés de la pratique d’autres cliniciens, en sus d’une révision des notions de base utiles à la compréhension du TOC (théorie neurobiologiques, épidémiologie, etc.).
La présentatrice tentera de souligner ce qu’il y a d’unique dans l’utilisation de l’EMDR dans le traitement de l’OCD, les difficultés rencontrées et les solutions utilisées dans ce cas précis. Elle décrira l’utilisation de la méthode de traitement standard en 8 étapes dans un cas spécifique, et dans les modalités de temps (passé, présent, futur), Nous verrons l’identification des cibles de traitement, et la gestion des symptômes de TOC qui entravent le fonctionnement quotidien des patients affectés. Nous verrons aussi les défis proposés par cette population, en clinique. Les participants pourront utiliser certaines stratégies dans un exercice pratique. (Tous les niveaux)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder typically presenting with chronic recurrent obsessions such persistent ideas, images and mental compulsions (as obsessions) as acts of physical or mental patterns. In this workshop, the doctor will provide information on clinical use of EMDR in treating a patient suffering from OCD, and provide some examples from the practice of other clinicians, in addition to a review of concepts useful background for understanding the TOC (theory neurobiology, epidemiology, etc..). The presenter will attempt to highlight what is unique in the use of EMDR in the treatment of OCD, the difficulties encountered and solutions used in this case. She will describe the use of the method of standard treatment in 8 steps in a specific case and in terms of time (past, present, future), we see the identification of treatment targets, and management of symptoms of OCD which hinder the daily operation of affected patients. We will also see the challenges offered by this population in clinical practice. Participants may use certain strategies in a practical exercise.
Keywords: Case Study Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
107. Carvalho, E. R. (2009). The EMDR drawing protocol for adults. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 107-110). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
At certain points in my clinical practice, after I began using EMDR consistently, I would have clients come in who could not describe a specific scene or image for us to use as the target, yet, they would usually have a clear negative cognition that they would give spontaneously ("I'm trash"). I am a very visual and artistic person and I used drawings in my psychodrama practice. As a result, when I began to use EMDR, it was a natural evolution for me to use drawings. I began to ask my adult clients to draw a picture that would illustrate the negative cognition. Sometimes, they would have feelings about themselves or self-perceptions that would also turn into drawings, and from these drawings, the Standard EMDR Protocol ensued. I usually ask for drawings when people come in with generalities and we need to pin down a specific target to work on. The Drawing Protocol for Adults can be helpful in narrowing down a target, using a metaphor or picture—which has a strong generalizable effect—instead of a concrete scene from the past. When using this protocol, it is usually important to assure clients that most people cannot draw better than a 6-year-old and that this is not an evaluation of artistic talent. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Drawing Protocol Negative Cognition Protocol Psychodrama Standard Protocol Therapeutic Drawing Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
108. Gomes, G. F. B. (2012, Novembro). EMDR e cura sistêmica: A gestação de uma nova história de vida [EMDR and systemic cure: The gestation of a new life story]. In EMDR e visão sistêmica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivo: narrar a trajetória de uma cliente em relação a um trauma em específico, os desdobramentos deste, bem como os resultados do reprocessamento e sua abrangência no equilíbrio da ecologia de um sujeito tratado em duas sessões de EMDR. Pode-se afirmar que os sintomas são, em sua essência, um caminho que nos permite retornar ao evento chave, reprocessar a base traumática e a partir daí reescrever uma história saudável e, certamente, geradora de frutos em muitos níveis. O trabalho em questão apresentará a história de uma cliente que buscou a terapia com EMDR para reprocessar sua dificuldade de relacionamento com a irmã caçula. Fazia parte deste contexto, o acometimento da cliente em questão pela Doença de Crohn e Endometriose, além do desejo intenso de engravidar. Tendo-se definido o alvo, o trabalho com EMDR iniciou-se. Após duas sessões de reprocessamento, a cliente não só havia conseguido resolver a questão fraterna que lhe afligiu por 16 anos como, por meio de avaliação médica, constatou estar assintomática para o Crohn e com o processo de Endometriose sob controle. Ainda como possível desdobramento deste processo, o sujeito desta história pôde realizar um desejo muito especial: a gestação com a qual vinha sonhando. Após a compilação dos dados deste caso clínico, conclui-se que o EMDR é, em sua natureza, um tratamento orientado para o corpo, sendo a cura de um trauma efetivado somente quando se atinge o sistema como um todo em seus níveis fisiológico, neurológico e psicológico.
Objective: To narrate the story of a client in relation to a specific trauma, the ramifications of this, and the results of reprocessing and its coverage in the ecological balance of a subject treated in two sessions of EMDR. It can be said that the symptoms are, in essence, a way that allows us to return to the key event, reprocess the traumatic basis and from there to rewrite a story healthy and certainly generating fruit on many levels. The work in question will present the story of a client who sought therapy with EMDR to reprocess its difficult relationship with her younger sister. It was part of this context, the involvement of the client in question by Crohn's disease and endometriosis, besides the intense desire to become pregnant. Having set up the target work with EMDR started. After two sessions of reprocessing, the client had not only managed to solve the issue fraternal afflicted him for 16 years as a through medical evaluation, found to be asymptomatic for Crohn's and with the process of endometriosis under control. Yet as possible unfolding of this process, the subject of this story could make a very special wish: pregnancy with which had been dreaming. After compiling the data in this case study, it is concluded that EMDR is, in its nature, a treatment-oriented body, and the healing of trauma effected only when it reaches the system as a whole in their physiological levels, neurologic and psychological.
Keywords: Crohn's Disease Endometriosis Standard Protocol Systemic Cure
Accuracy Verified: Yes
109. Kapoula, Z. (2010, April). EMDR effects on pursuit eye movements. In Research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This study aimed to objectivize the quality of smooth pursuit eye movements in a standard laboratory task before and after Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) session. EMDR was applied on subject’s autobiographic worries causing moderate distress. The EMDR session was complete in 5 out of 7 cases; distress measured by SUDS (Subjective Units of Disturbance scale) decreased to near zero value. Smooth pursuit eye movement was recorded by Eyelink II video system before and after EMDR. For these five subjects, pursuit eye movement improved after EMDR session, namely the number of CUS (Catch-up saccades) decreased and reciprocally, the gain of the smooth components of the pursuit increased. Such improvement of the smoothness of the pursuit presumably reflects better employment of visual attention needed to follow the target accurately. Perhaps EMDR reducing distress activates a cholinergic effect known to improve ocular pursuit. This approach is novel, Eye movement semiology is known to be a great tool for exploring brain function and plasticity. This preliminary study might be a starting point for further studies of other types of eye movements bringing together neuroscience and psychotherapy.
Learning objectives: Learn the physiologic correlates of EMDR. During EMDR practice observation of the quality of eye movement (smooth and saccadic) can provide to the practitioner valuable, non-verbal feedback.
EMDR can stimulate different types of research, including laboratory research.
Keywords: Eye Movements Research Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
110. Kapoula, Z., Yang, Q., Bonnet, A., Bourtoire, P., & Sandretto, J. (2010, May). EMDR effects on pursuit eye movements. PLoS ONE, 5(5), 1-11, e10762. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010762.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study aimed to objectivize the quality of smooth pursuit eye movements in a standard laboratory task before and after an Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) session run on seven healthy volunteers. EMDR was applied on autobiographic worries causing moderate distress. The EMDR session was complete in 5 out of the 7 cases; distress measured by SUDS (Subjective Units of Discomfort Scale) decreased to a near zero value. Smooth pursuit eye movements were recorded by an Eyelink II video system before and after EMDR. For the five complete sessions, pursuit eye movement improved after their EMDR session. Notably, the number of saccade intrusions—catch-up saccades (CUS)—decreased and, reciprocally, there was an increase in the smooth components of the pursuit. Such an increase in the smoothness of the pursuit presumably reflects an improvement in the use of visual attention needed to follow the target accurately. Perhaps EMDR reduces distress thereby activating a cholinergic effect known to improve ocular pursuit.
Keywords: Eye Movements Mechanism of Action
Accuracy Verified: Yes
111. Monteiro, A. M. (2012, Novembro). EMDR em posturas e movimento: Estados de ego e memórias não verbais [EMDR in posture and movement: Member of ego and non-verbal memories]. In EMDR e memórias. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Neste trabalho serão apresentadas estratégias de exploração de postura e espaço para acesso a memórias não verbais, características de ICES incompletos e frequente expressão de Estados de Ego infantilizados, primitivos. Esses casos geralmente refletem transtornos dissociativos mais pronunciados, com desafios para terapeuta montar protocolo clássico.
In this work we will present strategies for posture and space for access to non-verbal memories, characteristics of ICES incomplete and frequent expression of Ego States childish, primitive. These cases generally reflect more pronounced dissociative disorders, with challenges to mount therapist classic protocol.
Keywords: Ego States Nonverbal Memories Posture Standard Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
112. Quinn, G. (2011, June). EMDR emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s: EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma.
Learning objectives: Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities.
Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.
Keywords: Acute Trauma Emergency Treatment Man-Made Disasters Natural Disaasters
Accuracy Verified: Yes
113. Rijnders, H. (2006, November). EMDR en schemagerichte therapie: Casusconceptualisate en traumatische kernervaringen [EMDR and schema-focused therapy: Heart and traumatic experiences case conceptilization]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In deze presentatie zal een conceptueel model gepresenteerd worden voor het
vinden van de kerntraumatische ervaringen( targets) die aan de basis liggen van
de schema’s van Young. Er zal kort worden ingegaan op de theorie van de schemagerichte therapie van Jeffrey Young. De belangrijkste schema’s in zijn model
zullen worden besproken die in veel gevallen verantwoordelijk zijn voor de persoonlijkheidsproblematiek en complexe ptss klachten waar wij als behandelaars mee kunnen worden geconfronteerd. Daarnaast hoe met behulp van het emdr standaard protocol de targets worden opgespoord die ten grondslag kunnen liggen aan de eerdergenoemde schema’s of valkuilen.Het zijn deze traumatische ervaringen die later in de behandeling zullen moeten worden gedesensitiseerd.
De integratieve psychotherapeutische behandeling van persoonlijkheidsproblematiek en complexe ptss klachten gaat uit van een fasengericht traumamodel. Het thema tijdens deze presentatie omvat een belangrijk onderdeel van deze behandelingswijze. Het biedt de behandelaar zowel als de cliënt(e) inzicht in de ontwikkelingspsychologische aspecten van de klachten en kan extra motiverend werken voor langer durende behandelingen. Interessant is hoe de voorgestelde cognitieve domeinen van Eric ten Broeke en Ad de Jongh een belangrijk hulpmiddel zijn bij het vinden van de correcte NC’s en PC’s bij bovengenoemde problematiek.
De schemagerichte therapie van Young heeft op basis van recent wetenschappelijk onderzoek bewezen een van de meest effectieve behandelvormen te zijn bij ingrijpende persoonlijkheidsproblematiek. De emdr therapie van Shapiro wordt door onderzoek voortdurend genoemd als een van de meest effektieve behandelvormen bij acuut trauma. Experimenteel wordt emdr nu ook aangewend bij complex trauma. Samen vormen zij een gouden duo.
Deze presentatie lijkt geschikt voor beginnende emdr therapeuten die zich meer willen gaan bezighouden met complex trauma en persoonlijkheidsproblematiek. Voor gevorderde therapeuten is de presentatie een platform voor discussie aangezien vele wegen naar Rome leiden. Een en ander zal worden toegelicht met casuïstiek en mogelijk met videobeelden.
This presentation will be presented a conceptual model for
Finding the key traumatic experiences (targets) that form the basis of
the diagrams of Young. It will briefly examine the theory of schema-focused therapy by Jeffrey Young. The main schemes in his model
will be discussed in many cases responsible for PTSD complex personality problems and complaints that we clinicians may be faced with. In addition, how to use the EMDR standard protocol targets are identified that may underlie the aforementioned schedules or valkuilen. These traumatic experiences will be desensitized later in treatment.
The integrative psychotherapy of personality problems and complex PTSD symptoms is based on a phase oriented trauma model. The theme of this presentation includes an important component of this treatment method. It provides both the therapist and client (e) understanding of the developmental aspects of the complaint and may provide additional motivation to work for longer term treatments. It is interesting how the proposed cognitive domains of Eric ten Broeke and Ad de Jongh an important tool in finding the correct NCs and PCs to the abovementioned issues.
The schema-focused therapy for Young, based on recent scientific study proved one of the most effective forms of treatment to be for major personality problems. The EMDR therapy research by Shapiro constantly mentioned as one of the most effective forms of treatment in acute trauma. EMDR is now used experimentally to complex trauma. Together they form a golden combination.
This presentation appears to be suitable for beginning EMDR therapists who want to deal with complex trauma and personality problems. For experienced therapists, presenting a platform for discussion, since many roads lead to Rome. This will be illustrated by case studies and possibly video.
Keywords: Schema Focused Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
114. Twombly, J. H. (2005). EMDR for clients with dissociative identity disorder, DDNOS, and ego states. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 88-120). New York: W W Norton & Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: U
sing EMDR with clients with dissociative identity disorder (DID) and other dissociative disorders (DDs) requires careful adaptation to allow the unique benefits of EMDR to be used productively, without risking unleashing a flood of traumatic material and destabilizing the client. In this chapter I will discuss adaptations for each stage of treatment for dissociative clients. While I'll focus on work with DID (formerly multiple personality disorder) and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS), the EMDR adaptations and protocols taught in this chapter can be used with people with other DDs and complex PTSD, and in ego-state work. This chapter is divided into three sections, summarizing the treatment of DDs within the three stages of standard phase-oriented trauma treatment. [Text, pp. 88, 90]
Keywords: Adults Child Abuse DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Hypnotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
115. Greenwald, R., Soberman, G., Shelton, D., & Fisher, B. (2000, September). EMDR for conduct problems. Presentation at the International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify several significant contributing factors in the development and persistence of conduct problems; 2) describe several clinical applications of EMDR which are pertinent to the clinical issues presented by the conduct problem population; 3) discuss the findings of the study in which brief EMDR treatment was added to standard care for boys with conduct problems; 4) discuss the findings of the study in which the MASTR protocol was used with middle and high school students - also the preliminary findings of the MASTR study with incarcerated juveniles; and 5) discuss the findings of the study which "enhanced" EMDR was used with domestic violence offenders.
Keywords: Brief EMDR Treatment Conduct problems Domestic Violence Offenders Enhanced EMDR Incarcerated Juveniles MASTR Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
116. Blore, D. (2009). EMDR for mining and related trauma: The underground trauma protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 215-232). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The author has been providing EMDR to traumatized miners since 1993. As with other specialized client groups, the Single Trauma (STP) and Recent Trauma Protocol (RTP) have required modifications. The author has collated the modifications made, and presented them here as the Underground Trauma Protocol (UTP). The UTP is intended to provide a rapid and effective method of conducting EMDR with traumatized miners and other similar, very specific, client groups. The principal use of the UTP is for traumatized miners of coal, gold, nickel, gems, and so forth. It has also been used with the following populations: traumatized tunnelers (e.g., excavators of tunnels in both war and peace); those traumatized in rail accidents in tunnels (e.g., fire in Channel Tunnel, Kings Cross tube fire); those traumatized in underground leisure pursuits (e.g., exploration of caves, pot holing); those traumatized by being trapped (e.g., in collapsed buildings as in Turkish earthquakes); and those traumatized during 9/11 in New York and the 7/7 bombings in London. The author recommends that the treatment of this client group only be undertaken by fully trained EMDR clinicians who have experience with modifying protocols and existing clinical experience of using cognitive interweave. The Underground Trauma Protocol Script is provided. [PsycINFO Datab]
Keywords: Disasters Mining Trauma Underground Trauma Underground Trauma Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
117. Kim, D. (2010, July). EMDR for the treatment of schizophrenia. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Despite standard treatment with antipsychotic medication, many individuals with schizophrenia continue to suffer from
significant residual symptoms and functional disabilities. Thus, psychosocial treatment for this difficult-to-treat disorder
is warranted. Given the high prevalence of trauma in this population, role of life events, and stressful treatment-related
adversities, EMDR is suggested to have an important place in the treatment and management of schizophrenia. This presentation will first provide the background of using EMDR for this population, then, procedural considerations. Finally,
two case reports and results of a randomized clinical trial done with acute phase schizophrenia will be demonstrated.
Keywords: Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
118. Kiessling, R. (2013, May). EMDR from a belief focused perspective. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Beliefs are the meta-perception of life’s experiences (Shapiro 2001). Target Sequence Plans bundled around core
belief schema provide an effective, efficient and safe approach to case conceptualization and EMDR treatment.
This workshop will clarify questions asked by EMDR Clinicians such as:
• Are all NC/PCs Core Belief Schemas?
• Are your Targeting Sequence Plans Core Belief Schema Bundled or just a shotgun of targets based upon
“What do you want to work on today?”
• Does “What does it say about you” really address ‘what it means about you!?
• Are you’ staying out of the way’ when you should be ‘leading the way’!
These and others questions will be clarified through lecture, case examples and video demonstrations.
Through lecture, video demonstration, and practice, participants will:
• Name 3 major differences between the Standard EMDR Protocols and Procedures and EMDR from a ‘Belief Schema Perspective.’
• Describe the 4 primary Belief Schemas used in the ‘Belief Schema Perspective’ to EMDR, and how they assist
the case conceptualization and processing.
• Demonstrate the ability to develop a Belief Focused Targeting Sequence Plan and appropriately process the
targets identified within the Standard Three Pronged Protocol.
Keywords: Core Beliefs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
119. Quinn, G. (2013, June). EMDR immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma.
Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities.
Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war.
In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, and modified by Elan Shapio and Brurit Laub in R-TEP will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment.
A practicum will follow on ERP.
Learning objectives:
Within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid, to learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma utilizing ERP;
To apply ERP in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions;
To learn when and how to use ERP for patients exhibiting “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in an ambulance en route to medical facilities;
How to utilize the Recent Events Protocol in the face of ongoing danger;
To understand EMDR methods that may be used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment
Keywords: Disaster Emergency Response Procedure ERP Extreme Stress Silent Terror
Accuracy Verified: Yes
120. Hase, M. (2001, May). EMDR in a critical incident in Germany (prison riot). Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The prison system serves, among many others, one important goal: to separate those members
of society, who are dangerous to others, from the more peaceful and law-abiding majority. As
a consequence one could assume that the inmates of a prison from a, subgroup of human
beings, distinct by their aggressive potential. Though this is not true for all of the prisoners, it may be true for many of them. It is a well known fact, at least in Germany, that procedures
for controlling the safety in a prison, can't eliminate criminal behaviour or dealing with drugs
in a prison. One could assume, that even if an adequate standard of safety is upheld, a prison
would be a dangerous place to work in and that prison staff would be at a considerable risk of
being traumatised at work. In the prison system in Lower Saxony, Germany, between 5 and
10 recently traumatised staff are invited to participate in a group consultation each year. The
number of unrecorded cases is certainly much higher. In contrast there is not much literature about traumatisation of prison staff. On the other hand
prison staff are regarded as a population often reluctant to engage in psychotherapy and
leaving psychotherapy prematurely, without a significant treatment effect.
On 13th of August 1999 a prisoner attacked prison staff at Uelzen prison in Lower Saxony,
Germany. The perpetrator killed two members of staff, wounded two others severely and
committed suicide immediately afterwards. More members of staff suffered from the
psychological effects of the violence. The Critical Incident Team within the Ministry of
Justice provided intensive care and counselling. 15 members of staff were identified as a
high risk group to develop PTSD. 10 members of staff began psychotherapy. 7 qualified for
a diagnosis of PTSD, 3 for related diagnoses, according to ICD-10 criteria None of them left
therapy prematurely. One member of staff suffered from the effects of a civil war situation
experienced 15 years before, with a late onset PTSD triggered by vicarious traumatisation.
Only one remains out of work, but does not qualify for a diagnosis of PTSD at present. Three
are still in therapy. 7 patents ended therapy with a complete recovery. EMDR was applied to
great extent in 9 of the 10 cases. EMDR was tolerated well and proved to be fast and
efficient. Treatment effects seem to last over time. Setting the focus on the trauma and using
EMDR as a specific psychotherapeutic method seems to provide an accepted strategy with
significant gains for this population.
Keywords: Critical Incident Prison Recent Events Riot
Accuracy Verified: Yes
121. Grant, M. (1997, July). EMDR in a multi-modal approach to chronic pain. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This is an outline of a psychological treatment approach to chronic
pain, integrated with medical treatment, based on EMDR.
EMDR consists of a combination of various elements of standard approaches to pain
management, together with innovations such as dual focus of attention and bilateral
stimulation. Although EMDR initially utilized bilateral eye-movements (EM'S), bilateral tones
and tapping are now also utilized. One of the central elements of EMDR is a desensitization
procedure in which the patient is assisted to focus on the negative thoughts feeling and
sensations associated with their problem, whilst simultaneously attending to a bilateral
stimulation (visual, auditory or tactile). This is frequently followed by change in the level of
distress associated with the problem (Shapiro. 1989, 1995).
Keywords: Chronic Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
122. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., & Muroaka, M. Y. (1995, June). EMDR in combat-related PTSD: A controlled study. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In view of potential, but largely undocumented benefits of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an intervention for PTSD in combat veterans, in our laboratory a study of EMDR treatment included (1) randomized patient assignment, (2) clinically appropriate comparison (treatment and control) groups, (3) a 12-session EMDR protocol administered by experienced, EMDR trained clinicians, and (4) extensive clinical assessment, including physiological evaluation at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Thirty-five veterans who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD completed an extensive multimodal assessment protocol. Assessment instruments included: The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, the Impact of Events Scale (IES), the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), a self-rating of overall severity of "PTSD symptoms," the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI). In addition, each subject completed a Stressful Scene Construction Questionnaire (SSCQ) in which scripts of specific traumatic combat incidents were prepared for presentation during psychophysiological assessment. Following pre-assessment, a subset of the subjects constituted a waiting list control (CON, N = 12). Routine clinical care for these subjects was available at the VA Medical Center. Seven of these subjects also participated in group sessions for discussion of PTSD designed as an attentional control. There were no differences between the two control subgroups and their data was combined for all subsequent analyses. For the treatment groups, subjects assigned to the EMDR (EMD, N = 10) and relaxation (RXT, N = 13) groups were seated in a semi-reclined chair and continuous measures were taken of muscle tension levels (four sites), hand temperature, skin conductance levels, heart rate, and blood pressure. For all subjects, there were 20 minutes in each of the baseline sessions with no additional stimuli presented. At the end of session 2 of baseline, the patients remained in the experimental room and were assessed for an additional 20 minutes (pre-treatment) during which the SSCQ scripts also were presented. There were two sessions per week with a minimum of one day between sessions. Each subsequent treatment session for the EMD and RXT subjects was approximately 60 minutes in duration, allowing for set-up time and briefing. In the EMD group, a standard protocol for the EMDR interventions was administered, including periodic SUDS ratings and VoC scaling of combat and related images and cognitions (cf Shapiro, 1995). In the RXT group, home relaxation tapes and biofeedback on four sites (face, neck, arm, and back) to assist lowered muscle tension were provided. Following 12 treatment sessions (post-treatment), and again after three months (follow-up) the psychometric instruments and psychophysiological assessment were readministered using the format outlined above. Relative to the other conditions, the EMDR treatment produced substantially more positive clinical effects at post-treatment and follow-up. Comparing the EMD group to the CON group, significant effects (p<.05 or better) were obtained on measures of PTSD including the Mississippi and PTSD symptoms self-rating, and on the Beck and STAI-Trait. Comparing the EMD group to the RXT subjects, significant differences were found on the Mississippi, the IES-Intrusion scale, the CAPS, PTSD symptoms ratings, and the STAI-Trait scale. No differences were obtained on any of the physiological measures. Therefore, the present results support the effectiveness of EMDR with combat veterans with chronic PTSD. The data strongly suggest that some previous negative results obtained when EMDR was applied to chronic and severe combat PTSD may have resulted from methodological artifacts, such as inadequate amount of treatment and therapist inexperience. While the failure to find physiological effects is consistent with results of other controlled treatment exposure trials in PTSD, this finding raises clinical and conceptual questions with respect to the arousal component of the disorder.
Keywords: Combat Controlled Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
123. Gonzalez, A., Seijo, N., & Mosquera, D. (2009, August). EMDR in complex trauma and dissociative disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR can be safely used during the stabilization phase in a group of severely traumatized patients, not only to install positive elements, but to process dysfunctional elements (not necessarily traumatic memories, but patient-therapist relationship problems, defenses, symptoms, dissociative phobias, etc.). To postpone standard protocol until the patient has been prepared to do it in the standard way implies that the patient must resolve many of their problems without the help of EMDR processing. We will try to “think in EMDR” about severe dissociation, rather than directly apply foreign theories to EMDR work. Protocol modifications include progression, fractionation, synthesis and direction.
Keywords: Complex Trauma Dissociative Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
124. Bohm, K. (2011, June). EMDR in der behandlung der zwangsstörung [EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In diesem praxisorientierten Workshop wird der Einsatz von EMDR bei Zwangsstörungen vorgestellt und eingeübt. Dabei wird auf Besonderheiten beim Einsatz von EMDR ebenso eingegangen wie auf die Kombination mit Reizkonfrontationen (Expositionsübungen). Ein verändertes Standartprotokoll wird eingeführt, das "Therapietiming“ von EMDR aufgezeigt und auf typische Probleme in der Emotionsregulation eingegangen.
Learning objectives:
Ein wichtiges Augenmerk richtet sich in der Therapie immer auf die Persönlichkeit und Lebensgeschichte des Patienten. Sie lernen EMDR auf die jeweilige Persönlichkeit zuzuschneiden und auch die Art des Zwanges zu berücksichtigen. Waschzwänge bedürfen zum Beispiel oft anderer Strategien als reine Zwangsgedanken.
Im Workshop werden Therapievideos gezeigt, das praktische Vorgehen eingeübt und die Theorie hierzu anschaulich vermittelt. Er richtet sich sowohl an verhaltenstherapeutisch als auch an tiefenpsychologisch arbeitende Kollegen.
In this hands-on workshop, the use of EMDR is presented with OCD and practiced. It is specific to the use of EMDR as well as to respond to stimulus combination confrontation (exposure exercises). A modified standard protocol is introduced, demonstrated the "treatment timing" of EMDR and discussed common problems in emotion regulation.
Learning objectives:
An important focus is always in the therapy on the personality and life history of the patient. You will learn to tailor to the particular personality and EMDR to consider the kind of coercion. Washing compulsions for example, often require different strategies than pure obsessions.
The workshop therapy videos are shown, and rehearsed the practical approach and teaches the theory on this vividly. He addresses both behavioral therapy and psychodynamic to working colleagues.
Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
125. Bohm, K. (2012, September). EMDR in der behandlung der zwangsstörung [EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder]. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft Zwangserkrankungen Münster, Deutschland.
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In diesem praxisorientierten Workshop wird der Einsatz von EMDR bei Zwangsstörungen vorgestellt und eingeübt. Dabei wird auf Besonderheiten beim Einsatz von EMDR ebenso eingegangen wie auf die Kombination mit Reizkonfrontationen (Expositionsübungen). Ein verändertes Standartprotokoll wird eingeführt, das "Therapietiming“ von EMDR aufgezeigt und auf typische Probleme in der Emotionsregulation eingegangen. Learning objectives: Ein wichtiges Augenmerk richtet sich in der Therapie immer auf die Persönlichkeit und Lebensgeschichte des Patienten. Sie lernen EMDR auf die jeweilige Persönlichkeit zuzuschneiden und auch die Art des Zwanges zu berücksichtigen. Waschzwänge bedürfen zum Beispiel oft anderer Strategien als reine Zwangsgedanken. Im Workshop werden Therapievideos gezeigt, das praktische Vorgehen eingeübt und die Theorie hierzu anschaulich vermittelt. Er richtet sich sowohl an verhaltenstherapeutisch als auch an tiefenpsychologisch arbeitende Kollegen.
In this hands-on workshop, the use of EMDR is presented with OCD and practiced. It is specific to the use of EMDR as well as to respond to stimulus combination confrontation (exposure exercises). A modified standard protocol is introduced, demonstrated the "treatment timing" of EMDR and discussed common problems in emotion regulation. Learning objectives: An important focus is always in the therapy on the personality and life history of the patient. You will learn to tailor to the particular personality and EMDR to consider the kind of coercion. Washing compulsions for example, often require different strategies than pure obsessions. The workshop therapy videos are shown, and rehearsed the practical approach and teaches the theory on this vividly. He addresses both behavioral therapy and psychodynamic to working colleagues.
Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
126. Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, F. (2003). EMDR in der behandlung dissoziativer störungen [EMDR in the treatment of dissociative disorders]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, 1 (3), 25-33.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract: Keywords: Dissociative Disorders, Psychotherapeutic Processes Accuracy Verified: Yes 127. Bohm, K. (2010, Juni). EMDR in der behandlung zur zwangsstorung [EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder]. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Deutschland. Language: German Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Accuracy Verified: Yes 128. Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Moskowitz, A. (2012, June). EMDR in psychosis and severe mental disorders [EMDR
en
psicosis
y
trastorno
mental
severo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Psychosis Severe Mental Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 129. Klaff, F., & Dutton, P. (2000, September). EMDR in the playroom: Creative processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children Enactment Fantasy Metaphor Play Sensory Experience Storytelling Accuracy Verified: Yes 130. Parnell, L. A. (2003, September). EMDR in the treatment of adults abused as children. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Adults Children Bridging Technique Incomplete Sessions Interweave Strategies Resource Development Sexual Abuse Accuracy Verified: Yes 131. Parnell. L. A. (1999, June). EMDR in the treatment of adults abused as children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Abreaction Abuse Adults Blocked Processing Closing Incomplete Session Cogntive Interweave Ego Strengthening Imaginal Interweave Target Development Transference Accuracy Verified: Yes 132. Parnell, L. A. (2002, June). EMDR in the treatment of adults abused as children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Adults Blocked Processing Bridging Children Incomplete Sessions Resource Installation Sexual Abuse Accuracy Verified: Yes 133. Hofmann, A. (2005, June). EMDR in the treatment of complex PTSD patients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 134. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., Montero, M., & Lopez-Lena, L. (2008). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with child victims of a mass disaster. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 97-105. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.97. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Children Death of Parent Explosions Females Group Psychotherapy Group Treatment Human-Provoked Disaster Industrial Accidents Latin American Males Mexicans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors School Age Children Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 135. Jarero, I., & Artigas, L. (2012). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: EMDR group treatment for early intervention following critical incidents. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 219-222. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.04.004. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Critical Incident Group Treatment Integrative Group Treatment Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 136. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Hartung, J. (2006). EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: A postdisaster trauma intervention for children and adults. Traumatology, 12(2), 121-129. doi: 10.1177/1534765606294561. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Children Latin America Natural Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 137. Sautai, G. (2011, June). EMDR intensive therapy (EMDRIT). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: EMDR Intensive Therapy EMDRIT Accuracy Verified: Yes 138. Artigas, L., Jarero, I., Alcala, N., & Cano, T. L. (2009). The EMDR intregrative group treatment protocol (IGTP). In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 279-288). New York: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Adolescents Children Disaster EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol Group Therapy Trauma Trauma Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 139. Terreri, L. (2008, ). EMDR nei pazienti con tossicodipendenza: integrazione tra protocollo standard e protocolli modificati [EMDR in drug dependent subjects: integration between standard and modified protocols]. Bollettino Sulle Dipendenze, 31(4), 215-224. Language: Italian Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Affect Bridge Compulsion Trauma Withdrawal Accuracy Verified: Yes 140. Saêta, L. B. (2012, Novembro). EMDR no tratamento da dor e das sensações fantasmas [EMDR in the treatment of pain and phantom sensations]. In EMDR e dor crônica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil. Language: Portuguese Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Amputation Phantom Pain Phantom Sensation Accuracy Verified: Yes 141. Purandare, M., Bhagwagar, H., & Tank, P. (2010, July). EMDR on children affected by the earthquake. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children Earthquake Accuracy Verified: Yes 142. Maccarrone, B., & De Divitiis, A. M. (2008, Novembre). EMDR per eventi recenti - Un modello e un nuovo protocollo [EMDR to recent events - a model and a new]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia. Language: Italian Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Recent Events Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 143. Maxfield, L., & Smyth, N. (2009, August). EMDR research: Where we stand, where we should go, and why we should care. Plenary at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 144. de Roos, C. & Veenstra, S. (2008, Februar/Juni). EMDR schmerzprotokoll (für aktuelle schmerzen) [EMDR (for current pain) pain protocol]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 15, 12-18. Language: German Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Current Pain Pain Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 145. [Kawamura, W.] (2009, May). EMDR sessions of a woman with obsessive-compulsive disorder. EMDR研究1（1）、四四44-五十二52
[Japanese Journal of EMDR Research and Practice, 1(1), 44-52]. Language: Japanese Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Protocol Special Situations Target Memory Accuracy Verified: Yes 146. Laub, B. (2006, June). EMDR standard protocol in the personal resources and the settlement to be found. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Historical Resource Development Resource Development Accuracy Verified: Yes 147. Shapiro, F. (2000). EMDR ten years after its introduction: A review of past, present, and future directions. Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 1-15. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Review Accuracy Verified: Yes 148. Korn, D. (2010, April). EMDR treatment in adults with a history of incest and neglect. Developmental deficits and restore the damaged self. Presentation at the 4th EMDR Association Netherlands Conference, Nijmegen, The Nederlands. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Adults Developmental Deficits Incest Accuracy Verified: Yes 149. Leeds, A. (2012). EMDR treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia: Two model treatment plans. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 110-119. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.110. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Agoraphobia CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Panic Pharmacotherapy Review Accuracy Verified: Yes 150. Korn, D. L. (2008, May). EMDR treatment with survivors of chronic abuse and neglect: Repairing developmental deficits and
shattered selves - [Utilisation d’EMDR dans le traitement des survivants d’abus ou négligence chroniques: Réparer les déficits développementaux et les sois éclatés]. Presentation at an annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montréal, Quebec Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex PTSD Dissociative Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 151. Gimm, E. (2010, June). EMDR treatment with very young children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 152. Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011, April). EMDR Treatment: Less Than Meets the Eye? - Update. Quackwatch. Retrieved from http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/emdr.html 0n November 3, 2011.. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Skepticism Accuracy Verified: Yes 153. Wintersperger, S. (2008, September). EMDR und psychoanalyse [EMDR and psychoanalysis]. Pre-Congress am 11. Kongress der European Society of Hypnosis in Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Wien, Österreich. Language: German Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Psychoanalysis Accuracy Verified: Yes 154. Dellucci, H. (2011, February /March). EMDR using gearbox technique and letters. Presentation at the EMDR Association of India – Mumbai Chapter, Delhi, India . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Gearbox Accuracy Verified: Yes 155. Murray, K. (2012). EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(4), 187-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.4.1. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Bridging Research Grief Mourning Practice Accuracy Verified: Yes 156. Seubert, A. & McDonagh, J. M. (2002, June). EMDR with mentally handicapped clients (MH/MR diagnosis. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Only within the past few decades has the use of counseling and psychotherapy for this much neglected population been validated and explored. Given the non-verbal and "right-brain" characteristics of EMDR, it seems there would be a natural fit between the needs of this population and the way in which EMDR works. Case studies will demonstrate successful use of EMDR with dually diagnosed (MH/MR)clients as well as ways in which the standard protocol may need to be adapted for this work. Theoretical speculation regarding EMDR's effectiveness with mentally impaired clients will be explored.
Keywords: Mental Retardation Accuracy Verified: Yes 157. Romain, L. B.-S. (2013). EMDR with recurrent “flash-forwards“: Reflections on Engelhard et al.'s 2011 study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 106-111. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.106. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Bridging Research and Practice Eye Movements Flash-Forward Intrusive Images Accuracy Verified: No 158. Johannesson, K. B. (2001, April). EMDR – psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people. Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), Stockholm, Sweden. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disoder PTSD Young People Accuracy Verified: Yes 159. Rougemont-Bucking, A., & Zimmermann, E. N. (2012). EMDR-based treatment of psychotraumatic antecedents in illicit drug abusers: A report of two cases. Schweizer Archiv Für Neurologie Und Psychiatrie, 163(3), 107-115. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Addiction Comorbidity Dissociation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Substance Use Disorder Accuracy Verified: Yes 160. Bertino, G., & Ostacoli, L. (2011, June). EMDR-drawing integration in the treatment of complex PTSD and severe organic diseases. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Drawing Integration Organic Disease Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex-PTSD C-PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 161. Leutner, S. (2008, Novenber). EMDR-protokoll ressourcenintegrierenden traumaverarbeitung/RIT [EMDR trauma protocol integrated resource processing/RIT]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 16, 26-28. Language: German Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: resource Integrated Trauma Protocol RIT Accuracy Verified: Yes 162. Forgash, C. A. (2002, June). EMDR/ego state work in trauma response situations: Working with survivors of the WTC 9/11 tragedy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: 9/11 Disaster Ego State Therapy September 11th Survivors World Trade Center WTC Accuracy Verified: Yes 163. Quinn, G. (2013, May). EMDR: Immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Disasters Emergency Treatment Accuracy Verified: Yes 164. Furukawa, D. K. (1999, June). EMDR: The problem of looping in the present. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(2), 12, 33. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Looping Accuracy Verified: Yes 165. Karpel, M. A. (2006, September). EMDR: Targeting the repetition compulsion in couples therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Couples Therapy Repetition Compulsion Accuracy Verified: Yes 166. Karpel, M. A. (2005, September). EMDR: Targeting the repetition compulsion in couples therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Couples Therapy Repetition Compulsions Accuracy Verified: Yes 167. Quinn, G. (2007, March). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the Fifth annual EMDR UK & Ireland Conference, Glasgow, Scotland. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Katyushas, Man-Made Disasters Terrorist Bombings Tsunami Accuracy Verified: Yes 168. Quinn, G. (2009). Emergency response procedure. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 271-276). New York: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Emergency Response Procedure Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 169. Goodyear-Brown, P. (2008, January). Empirically informed play therapy inteventions for treating traumatized children, Parts I & II. Presentation at the San Diego International Conference on Child and Family Maltreatment, San Diego, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: E Keywords: Children Evidence-Based Practice Play Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 170. Reyes, G., Elhai, J. D., & Ford, J. D. (2008, October). The encyclopedia of psychological trauma. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Language: English Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 171. Foster, S. (2008, June). Enhancing EMDR resource installation with techniques from positive psychology. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Postive Psychology Resource Installation Accuracy Verified: Yes 172. O'Brien, E. (1993, November/December). The enigma of EMDR: Pushing the panic button. Family Therapy Networker, 17(6), 33-39. Language: English Format: Magazine Abstract: Keywords: Panic Accuracy Verified: Yes 173. Wolff, R. P. (2004). Evaluation of effectiveness of individual therapy sessions over 60 minutes. California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco, CA. AAT 3158599. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Empirical Study Health Personnel Attitudes Individual Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study Treatment Duration Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 174. Lamprecht, F., Kohnke, C., Lempa, W., Sack, M., Matzke, M., & Munte, T. F. (2004, June). Event-related potentials and EMDR treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuroscience Research, 49(2), 267-272. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2004.02.013. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Brain Imaging Adults Cognitive Processes Empirical Study Germans Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Quantitative Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 175. Crystal, S. (2010, March). Evidence based practice and practice based
evidence: Improving effectiveness and efficiency in EMDR practice. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Client Feedback ORS Outcome Measures Outcome Rating Scale Research Session Rating Scale SRS Gold Standard Accuracy Verified: Yes 176. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2009). Evidence of the efficacy of EMDR with children
and adolescents in individual psychotherapy: A review of the research published in peer-reviewed journals. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 232-247. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.232. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adolescents Children Efficacy Review Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 177. Capps, F. (2005). The EXACT method: Resolution of substance abuse-related trauma in couples counseling utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX. AAT 3173700. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Counseling Couples Drug Abuse Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Quantitative Study Accuracy Verified: Yes 178. Boyer, W. R. (2007). An exploratory study of the effects of EMDR on state/trait anxiety and anger in adult male sex offenders. Argosy University, San Francisco, CA. ATT 3286571. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Anger Anxiety Criminals Developmental Disabilities Empirical Study Qualitative Study Outpatients Quantitative Study Sex Offenders Sex Offenses Trauma Treatment Accuracy Verified: Yes 179. Taylor, S. (2003, October-November). Exposure therapy, EMDR and relaxation. In M. Creamer (Chair), PTSD treatment outcome predictors. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Exposure Therapy PSTD Outcome Predictors Relaxation Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 180. Kiessling, R. (2009). Extending resources. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 87-89). New York: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 181. Wilensky, M. (2006). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for phantom limb pain. Journal of Brief Therapy, 5(1), 31-44. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Phantom Limb Pain Accuracy Verified: Yes 182. Kim, D. (2005, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 44(2), 147-151. Language: Korean Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 183. Greenwald, R. (2001, 1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson. Language: English Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Adolescents Children Stressors Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 184. Servan-Schreiber, D., Schooler, J., Dew, M. A., Carter, C., & Bartone, P. (2006). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot blinded, randomized study of stimulation type. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75(5), 290-297. doi:10.1159/000093950. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Bilateral Kinesthetic Stimulation Type Distress Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PSTD Quantitative Study Stimulus Parameters Subjective Units of Distress SUD Accuracy Verified: Yes 185. Tufnell, G. (2005, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of pre-adolescent children with post-traumatic symptoms. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10(4), 587-600. doi:10.1177/1359104505056320. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Clinical Case Study Energy Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 186. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA.. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Athletes Performance Enhancement Accuracy Verified: Yes 187. Severe, N. D. (1998, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treatment application to post-traumatic stress disorder in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA. AAT 9820480. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Case Report Empirical Study Male Multiple Traumatic Events Nonclinical Case Study Posttrauamtic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Accuracy Verified: Yes 188. Friedberg, F. (2004, November). Eye movement desensitization in fibromyalgia: A pilot study. Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery, 10(4), 245-249. doi:10.1016/j.ctnm.2004.06.006. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Fibromyalgia Pilot Study Accuracy Verified: Yes 189. Foley, T., & Spates, C. (1995, December). Eye movement desensitization of public-speaking anxiety: A partial dismantling study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26(4), 321-329. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00048-8. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Americans Anxiety Disorders College Students Life Experiences Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 190. Foster, S. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. In (Doug Asher, Presider) Non-traditional Interventions for Performance Enhancement. Colloquium presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Athletes Colloquium Performance Enhancement Accuracy Verified: Yes 191. Renfrey, G., & Spates, C. R. (1994, September). Eye movement desensitization: A partial dismantling study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(3), 231-239. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90023-X. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Americans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 192. Kapoula, Z., Misset, P., Poncet, S., Bruneau, S., & Bucci, M. P. (2007, June). Eye movement patterns during the Rorschach test: Implications for EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Eye Movements Mechanism of Action Neurobiology Poster Rorschach Test Accuracy Verified: Yes 193. Vaughan, K., Wiese, M., Gold, R., & Tarrier, N. (1994, April). Eye-movement desensitisation: Symptom change in post-traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164(4), 533-541. doi:10.1192/bjp.164.4.533 . Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Australians Females Longitudinal Study Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 194. Monteiro, A. M. (2012, Novembro). A família que habito, a Família que me habita: Estados de ego e transgeracionalidade no EMDR [The family I live, the family that lives in me: The ego and transgenerality in EMDR]. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil. Language: Portuguese Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Ego States Existential Beliefs Constitution of the Subject Standard Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 195. Miller, R. (2013, May). The feeling-state theory and the feeling-state addiction protocol. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Addictions Feeling-State Theory Accuracy Verified: Yes 196. Miller, R. (2013, May). The feeling-state theory and the feeling-state addiction protocol. Presentaton at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Addictions Feeling-State Theory Accuracy Verified: Yes 197. Browning, C. (1999,September). Floatback and float forward: Techniques for linking past, present and future. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(3), 12, 34. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Floatback Float Forward Accuracy Verified: Yes 198. Browning, C. (1999). Flotar hacia atrás y flotar hacia delante: Técnicas para ligar el pasado, Presente y futuro [Floatback and Float Forward: Techniques for the Tie Past, Present and Future]. Presentation at EMDRIA Latinoamericana. Language: Spanish Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Floatback Technique Float Foward Technique Accuracy Verified: Yes 199. Abbott, G. (2005, September). Four methods of target identification and ordering for EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: February Man Genogram Maureen Kitchur Milton Erickson Targeting Timeline Accuracy Verified: Yes 200. Martin, K. (2013, May). Fraser’s dissociative table: When and how to use
it to identify and heal emotional parts of the
personality. Presentation at the Western Massachusetts EMDRIA Regional Network 9th Annual Spring Conference, Amherst MA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Dissocation Fraser's Dissociative Table Accuracy Verified: Yes 201. Edmond, T. (2005, September). The future of evidence in EMDR. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice Gold Standard Plenary Accuracy Verified: Yes 202. Gold, S., & Faust, J. (2002). The future of trauma practice: Visions and aspirations. Journal of Trauma Practice, 1(1), 1-15. doi:10.1300/J189v01n01_01
. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Editorial PTSD Scientific Research Treatment Accuracy Verified: Yes 203. Gold, S. N., & Faust, J. (2002, January). The future of trauma practice: Visions and aspirations. Journal of Trauma Practice, 1(1), 1-15. doi:10.1300/J189v01n01_01. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing CISD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Trauma Practice Trauma Research Traumatic Memory Traumatology Accuracy Verified: Yes 204. Page, M. G. (2007, July). Gathering objective data from assessment to discharge in EMDR therapy: Galvanic skin responses, verbal prompts and tactile desensitization. EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Galvanic Skin Response Tactile Desensitization Verbal Prompts Accuracy Verified: Yes 205. Spindler, C. (2007, June). Gentle EMDR: A precursor to standard EMDR protocol. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 206. Splindler, D. (2008, September ). Gentle EMDR: A precursor to standard EMDR protocol for use with fragile clients. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: Fragile Clients Accuracy Verified: Yes 207. Leeds, A. M. (2012, November). Guía de protocolos estándar de EMDR para terapeutas, supervisores y consultores [A guide to the standard EMDR protocols for clinicians, supervisors, and consultants]. Bilbao ESPAÑA: Desclée De Brouwer. Language: Spanish Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Prtactice Protocols Theory Accuracy Verified: Yes 208. Leeds, A. M. (2009). A guide to the standard EMDR protocols for clinicians, supervisors, and consultants. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Protocols Accuracy Verified: Yes 209. Laub, B. (2003, May). The healing connections to resources within and without the EMDR standard protocol. In E. Tizzabu and M. Jakobsen (Chairs), EMDR empowering. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Empowerment Resource Connection Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 210. Shrigley, C., & Martin, K. (2013, May). Healing mind and body through structural dissociation theory and EMDR. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Structural Dissociation Theory Accuracy Verified: Yes 211. Shrigley, C., & Martin, K. (2013, May). Healing mind and body through structural dissociation theory and EMDR. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Structural Dissociation Theory Accuracy Verified: Yes 212. Laub, B. (2003, June). The healing power of resource connection (RC). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Rome Italy
. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Resource Connection Accuracy Verified: Yes 213. Laub, B. (2001, December). The healing power of resource connection in the standard EMDR protocol. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(Special Edition), 21-27. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Resource Connection Accuracy Verified: Yes 214. Forgash, C. A., & Copeley, M. (2008). Healing the heart of trauma and dissociation with EMDR and ego state therapy. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Dissociation Ego State Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 215. Forgash, C. (2004, June). Healing the heart of trauma: Restoring connections and stability. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Stockholm, Sweden . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Affect Theory Accuracy Verified: Yes 216. Forgash, C. A. (2004, September). Healing the heart of trauma: Restoring connections and stability. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Connections Stability Accuracy Verified: Yes 217. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2005, November). Het EMDR protocol: werk in uitvoerig [The EMDR protocol: A work in progress). Presentatie aan de eerste congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands. Language: Dutch Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Standard Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 218. Lansing, K., Amen, D. G., Hanks, C., & Rudy, L. (2005, Fall). High-resolution brain SPECT imaging and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in police officers with PTSD. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 17(4), 526-532. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17.4.526. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Empirical Study Off-Duty Shootings Police Officers Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study SPECT Accuracy Verified: Yes 219. Leeds, A. M. (2009, August). How to use work samples and case documentation in remote EMDR consultation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Remote Consultation Voice Over Internet Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 220. Seltzer, A. (2011). I stood by a river - Integrating EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy in the treatment
of torture survivor. Presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Iran Prisoners Refuges Sensorimotor Psychotherapy Survivors Torture Accuracy Verified: Yes 221. Freiha, T. (2009). The image director technique for dreams. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 111-118). New York: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Dreams Image Director Technique Accuracy Verified: Yes 222. Lansing, K. (2004, November). Images of healing: SPECT images of PTSD and recovery in police officers. Preconference presentation at the 20th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Police Officers SPECT Accuracy Verified: Yes 223. Ford, G., & Adler-Tapia, R. (2010, November). Improving lives: Diagnosis of PTSD and EMDR treatment for people with I/DD. Plenary presented at the annual NASDDDDS (National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disabilities Services) Conference, Arlington, VA.. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: I/DD Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 224. Adler-Tapia, R., & Ford, G. (2011, August). Improving lives: PTSD and the use of EMDR in psychotherapy for people with intellectual & developmental disabilities. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Developmental Disabilities Mental Disabilities Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 225. Leeds, A. (2007, June). Improving self-regulation and social functioning for survivors of early emotional neglect and abuse with positive affect tolerance and integration protocol: A case series. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Affect Tolerance Poster Self-Regulation Social Functioning Accuracy Verified: Yes 226. Blore, D. (2012). In search of the antonym to trauma: An eye movement desensitisation & reprocessing perspective on positive psychological changes after trauma. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH & Co. Language: English Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Post Traumatic Growth Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 227. Frustaci, A., Pozzi, G., Aurigemma, C., La Rosa, C., Lanza, G., Fernandez, I., & Ruggeri, G. (2006, Febbraio). Indicatori di cambiamento in pazienti
con disturbi da eventi stressanti: Impiego
della heart rate variability [Indicators of change in patients with disorders of stressful events: Use of heart rate variability]. Poster presentato al XI Congresso SOPSI (Società Italiana di Psicopatologia), Roma, Italia. Language: Italian Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Heart Rate Variability Poster Stress Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 228. Plassmann, R. (2005, June). Inpatient psychotherapy with EMDR for patients with eating disorders. In EMDR and eating disorders. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Eating Disorders Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 229. Leeds, A. (2006, September). Installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. In Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of Resource Development & Installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes (A. Leeds. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD Consensus Model C-PTSD RDI Resource Development and Installation Treatment Criteria Accuracy Verified: Yes 230. Parnell, L. (2012, June). Integrating an attachment repair orientation into EMDR treatment for clients with relational trauma [EMDR
centrado
en
el
apego:
Curar
el
trauma
relacional]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Attachment Repair Relational Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 231. Cooke, L. J., & Grand, C. (2007, September). Integrating EMDR in the treatment of eating disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Eating Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 232. Laliotis, D. (1998, July). Integrating EMDR into a clinical practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Clinical Integration Accuracy Verified: Yes 233. Scholom, J. (2004, September). Integrating EMDR with eating disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Eating Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 234. Foster, S. (2012). Integrating positive psychology applications into the EMDR peak performance protocol. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 213-217. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.04.005. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Performance Enhancement Positive Psychology Accuracy Verified: Yes 235. Foster, S. (2004, June). Integrating positive psychology concepts into the EMDR peak performance protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Stockholm, Sweden . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Positive Psychology Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 236. Aloisio, T. M. F. (2012, October). Integrating structural Bowen theory and EMDR: Healing trauma and sexual disorders after a rape suffered. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Bowen Theory Poster Rape Sexual Disorders Victim Accuracy Verified: Yes 237. Faretta, E. (2004, June). Integration of hypnotic therapy with EMDR for the treatment of panic disorder: Report of twelve single case studies. In anxiety disorders and EMDR (A. de Jongh, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Case Study Hypnosis Integrated Approach Panic Disorder Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 238. Tobin, S. (2004, Spring). The integration of relational gestalt therapy and EMDR. International Gestalt Journal, 27(1), 55-82. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Brain Brain Functioning Emotional Trauma Gestalt Therapy Integrative Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 239. Albers, J. (2010, July). The interplay of resourcefulness and resilience in recovery: A six session approach treating addictive behaviour, an extended EMDR protocol. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Addiction Addictive Behavior Resourcefulness Resilience Accuracy Verified: Yes 240. Blore, D. C. (2011, September). An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) investigation of positive psychological change (PPC), including post traumatic growth (PTG). School of Health and Population Sciences,
The University of Birmingham, UK. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis IPA PPC Positive Psychological Change Accuracy Verified: Yes 241. Luber, M., & Shapiro, F. (2009). Interview with Francine Shapiro: Historical overview, present issues, and future directions of EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 217-231. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.217. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 242. Miller, K. (2013, May). The intricacies of time orientation: Going beyond “What year is this?
. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Orientation Interventions Time Orientation Skills Accuracy Verified: Yes 243. Herbert, C. (2004, June). Introduction to a safe place installation protocol for use with clients who have no pre-existing concepts or feelings of safety. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex Trauma EMDR Resource Installation Protocol Safe Place Accuracy Verified: Yes 244. Shapiro, F. (2012, October). Introduction to EMDR therapy. Presentation at the Pre-Meeting Institute of the 28th Annual Meeting of ISTSS, Los Angeles, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 245. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2008, September). Introduction to the (revised) recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP): A newly applied conceptual perspective for early EMDR Intervention (EEI). Author. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Recent Events Recent Traumatic Events R-TEP Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 246. Hofmann, A. (2009). The inverted EMDR standard protocol for unstable complex post-traumatic stress disorder. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 313-328). New York: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Keywords: Inverted EMDR Standard Protocol Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Protocol PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 247. Greenwald, R. (1997, June). Is EMDR being held to an unfair standard? Rejoinder to Van Ommeren (1996). Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 28(3), 306. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.28.3.306.a . Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Letter Professional Criticism Reply Accuracy Verified: Yes 248. Murray, K. (2013). L'EMDR avec le chagrin: Réflexions sur l'étude de 2001 de Ginny Sprang [EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 24E-28E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.E24. Language: French Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Bridging Research Grief Mourning Practice Accuracy Verified: No 249. Gambuzza, C. (2008, Novembre). L'EMDR in un trauma complesso di PN-PTSD e abuso [EMDR in a complex PN-PTSD trauma and abuse]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia. Language: Italian Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex PTSD Poster Accuracy Verified: Yes 250. Leeds, A. (2006, September). Learning to feel good about positive emotions with the positive affect tolerance and integration protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Affect Tolerance and Integration Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 251. Leeds, A. (2007, September). Learning to feel good about positive emotions with the positive affect tolerance and integration protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 252. Robinson, N. S.
(2012, June). Legacy informed EMDR: Promote positive and desensitize negative core beliefs stemming from transgenerational and cultural sources [Legado informado EMDR: Promover positivo y desensibilizar a las creencias negativas que se derivan de las fuentes principales transgeneracionales y cultural]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Core Beliefs Cultural Transgenerational Accuracy Verified: Yes 253. Bisek, A. (2013). Letters to the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 50. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.50. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Fidelity Future Template Accuracy Verified: Yes 254. Edelmann, R. J. (2002, May). Letters: Roll up, roll up for the great EMDR debate. The Psychologist, 15(5), 222. Language: English Format: Magazine Abstract: Keywords: Letter Practice Theory Accuracy Verified: Yes 255. Leeds, A. M. (1998). Lifting the burden of shame: Using EMDR resource installation to resolve a therapeutic impasse. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st ed.) (pp. 256-281). New York: W. W. Norton. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Adults Case Report Child Abuse Defense Mechanisms Diseases Females Neglect Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 256. Knipe J. (2008). Loving eyes: Procedures to therapeutically reverse dissociative processes while preserving emotional safety. In C. Forgash and M. Copeley, (Eds.) Healing the heart of trauma and dissociation with EMDR and ego state therapy (pp. 181-225). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Dual Attention Accuracy Verified: Yes 257. Giannantonio, M. (2001, Ottobre). L’eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (E.M.D.R.) negli adulti e adolescenti abusati sessualmente in età infantile [The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in adults and adolescents sexually abused in childhood]. Congresso AIAMC, Palermo, Italia. Language: Italian Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Adolescents Adults Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sexual Abuse Accuracy Verified: Yes 258. Paterson, M. (2008, June). Moderating malevolent alters with ego state therapy in the preparation phase of
EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Ego State Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 259. Andonucci, H. (2004). The modifications of the EMDR protocol for sexually abused children. Alliant International University, San Francisco Bay. AAT 3133439. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Child Abuse Empirical Study Psychotherapeutic Processes Qualitative Study Rape School Age Children Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 260. de Tienda, R. & de Lafregeyre, R. (2010, Marzo). Nacer conectado, vivir consciente: amor, quiropractica, EMDR: las tres claves para crecer sano [To be born connected, to live consciously: Love, chiropractic and EMDR]. Barcelona, Espana: Ediciones Obelisco . Language: Spanish Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Chiropractic Medicine Health Infants Natural Therapies Accuracy Verified: Yes 261. Maxfield, L. (2012, April). New advances with EMDR: A summary of interesting new research. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Research Accuracy Verified: Yes 262. Stramrood, C., van der Velde, J., Schultz, W. W., & van Pampus, M. (2011, March). A new application of EMDR: Treatment of posttraumatic stress following childbirth. Poster presentation at the American Psychosomatic Society 69th Annual Scientific Meeting, San Antonio, TX. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Childbirth Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 263. Schottenbauer, M. A., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., Tendick, V., & Gray, S. H. (2008, Summer). Nonresponse and dropout rates in outcome studies on PTSD: Review and methodological considerations. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 71(2), 134-168. doi:10.1521/psyc.2008.71.2.134. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Literature Revieew Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prediction PSTD Treatment Dropouts Treatment Outcomes Accuracy Verified: Yes 264. Hoffman, S. (2009). On science, orthodoxy, EMDR, and the AIP, H. Lipke, Invited response. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 111. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.109. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Letter Orthodoxy Science Accuracy Verified: Yes 265. Maxfield, L. (2009). On science, orthodoxy, EMDR, and the AIP, H. Lipke, Response from the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 109-112. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.109. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Letter Orthodoxy Science Accuracy Verified: Yes 266. Becker-Fritz, T., Donovan, L., Heiman, M., Waldon, A., Peck, B., Siegel, M., & Packwood, S. (2007, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population. Open forum (Moderator, T. Becker-Fritz) presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Dallas, TX. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Adolescents Children Open Forum Accuracy Verified: Yes 267. Brewin, C. R., Fuchkan, N., Huntley, Z., Robertson, M., Thompson, M., Scragg, P., d'Ardenne, P., & Ehlers, A.
(2010, February). Outreach and screening following the 2005 London bombings: Usage and outcomes. Psychological Medicine, 40(12), 2049–2057. doi:10.1017/S0033291710000206. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy London Bombings Outreach Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Trauma Response Programme TRP Accuracy Verified: Yes 268. Schmidt, S. J. (1999, December). Overcoming client resistance to resource development and installation (RDI). EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4), 10, 27-31. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: RDI Resistance Resource Development Installation Accuracy Verified: Yes 269. Myers, H., & McTaggart, J. (2011, March). An overview of using EMDR positive resource development with children and adolescents. Symposium conducted at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Resource Development RID Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 270. Raynaud, P., Boxus, A., Renoir, V., & Sanchez, S. (2012, January). P-975 - From mind to brain: Event-related potentials and EMDR treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. European Psychiatry, 27(Supplement 1), 1-1. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(12)75142-8. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Event-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 271. Kahn, D. (2008, November). PAA: Positive affect activation, addition to/modification of phase 6 of the standard EMDR protocol. Israel EMDR. Retrieved from http://www.emdr.org.il/dls/eyes2body.swf on 8/12/2010. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: PAA Positive Affect Activation Shock Wave Flash Accuracy Verified: Yes 272. Kahn, D. (2008, November). PAAP. לגוף עיניים - Models for EMDR treatment with Enhanced Focus on the Body, Tel Aviv, Israel. Language: Hebrew Format: Conference Abstract: Kahn will present a proposal for the anchoring of positive effect in the body as an addition or modification of the standard protocol. Keywords: PAAP Accuracy Verified: Yes 273. Stramrood, C. A., van der Velde, J., Doornbos, B., Marieke Paarlberg, K., Weijmar Schultz, W. C., & van Pampus, M. G. (2012, March). The patient observer: Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing for the treatment of posttraumatic stress following childbirth. Birth, 39(1), 70-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2011.00517.x. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Childbirth Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Pregnancy PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 274. Bodill, B. (2009, September). Patterns of reduction of distress in clinical conditions using eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). University of University of Kwa Zulu Natal. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Reduction of Distress Accuracy Verified: Yes 275. Marcus, S. V. (2008). Phase 1 of integrated EMDR: An abortive treatment for migraine headaches. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 15-25. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.15. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Headache Treatment Medication Migraine Headache Accuracy Verified: Yes 276. Luber, M. & Shapiro, F. (2009). Phobia protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 155-173). New York: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 277. Phillips, M. (2001, January-April). Potential contributions of hypnosis to ego-strengthening procedures in EMDR. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(3-4), 247-262. doi:10.1080/00029157.2001.10404280. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Hypnotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Review Treatment Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 278. Cohen-Posey, K. (2011, May). The power of EMDR: Evoking the self. Presentation at the Israel EMDR Association. Language: Hebrew Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 279. Rosen, G., Lohr, J., McNally, R. J., & Herbert, J. D. (1999, January). Power therapies: Evidence vs. miraculous claims. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 27(1), 9-12. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Letter Placebo Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Sham Therapies Survivors TFT Thought Field Therapy TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 280. Spierings, J. (2010, June). Power-interweaves: (Non-)cognitive interweaves
for persistent guilt and other
tenacious problems. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Persistent Guilt Power Interweave Accuracy Verified: Yes 281. Rothbaum, B. (2008, November). Predictors of treatment response for EMDR and prolonged exposure. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Panel Prolonged Exposure Symposium Treatment Response Predictors Accuracy Verified: Yes 282. Russell, M. C. (2012, January 27). Preventing military misconduct stress behaviors. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mark-c-russell-phd-abpp/ptsd-veterans_b_1228546.html on 2/5/2023.. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Blog Military Stress Veterans War Accuracy Verified: Yes 283. Veerbeek, H. (2013, June). Processing anger and revenge with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 284. Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Seijo, N. (2010, April). Processing dissociative phobias with EMDR. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: The standard EMDR protocol (SP) was designed for the treatment of simple PTSD, and when it´s used on this cases, EMDR is a very powerful therapy. But when SP is applied on complex trauma and dissociative disorders 20% of patients may become de-compensated. The importance of the stabilization phase has been remarked by different authors. The existent proposals are to use interventions coming from different approaches sometimes enhanced with bilateral stimulation. Standard procedures used for simple PTSD must be adapted and modified for working with dissociative disorders. To do this is important to understand from recent research work what we know about the effects of EMDR therapy. We will try to dynamically integrate these features with conceptualizations coming from the EMDR Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP) and the Theory of the Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP) TSDP emphasizes the importance of working with dissociative phobias prior to trauma work. In the stabilization phase the work on the phobia of dissociative parts and of attachment (and the attachment with the therapist) is the most important one. We will show with clinic cases the effect of this intervention on improving internal communication and collaboration and overcoming therapist-patient relationship problems. Keywords: Phobias Accuracy Verified: Yes 285. Matthess, H. (2007, June). Profits from the benefit of structural dissociation on the application with EMDR for
complex-traumatized clients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex Trauma Dissociation Accuracy Verified: Yes 286. Rothbaum, B., & Astin, M. C. (2001, December). Prolonged exposure vs. EMDR for PTSD rape victims. Symposium conducted (B. O. Rothbaum, Chair and T. Keane, Discussant) at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Prolonged Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 287. Greenwald, R. (2002, September). A proposal to add a trauma training component to the standard EMDR training. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net/on 12/27/2008.. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Training Accuracy Verified: Yes 288. Luber, M., & Shapiro, F. (2009). Protocol for excessive grief. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 175-187). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Excessive Grief Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 289. Mexican Association for Crisis Therapy (1998). Protocolos de trabajo: Introduccion [Work protocols]. Asociacion Mexicana para Ayuda Mental en Crisis, Mexico. Language: English Format: Publication Abstract: Keywords: Protocols Accuracy Verified: Yes 290. Lipke, H., & Glang, C. (2000, December). Psychological approach to Albanian Kosovar refugees with considerations for brief post-crisis services in general. Traumatology, 6(4), 295-305. doi:10.1177/153476560000600404 . Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Interpreters Kosovars Psychotherapeutic Processes Refugees Victim Services Accuracy Verified: Yes 291. Lennmarken, C., & Sydsjo, G. (2007, September). Psychological consequences of awareness and their treatment. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Anaesthesiology, 21(3), 357-367. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2007.04.005. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Anesthesia Awareness CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Consciousness Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 292. Smith, G. (2005, September). The psychology of high-performing leaders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: High Performance Leaders Performance Enhancement Performance Barriers Accuracy Verified: Yes 293. Teegen, F. (2000). Psychotherapie der posttraumatischen belastungsstörung [Psychotherapy of post-traumatic stress disorder]. Psychotherapeut, 45(6), 341-349. doi:10.1007/PL00006723. Language: German Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 294. Plassmann, R. (2007, November). Psychotherapie traumatisierter patienten: Die arbeit mit der bipolaren EMDR-technik [Psychotherapy of traumatized patients: Working with bipolar technique EMDR]. Trauma und Gewalt, 1(4), 312-321. Language: German Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Bipolar Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors Trauma Treatment Accuracy Verified: Yes 295. Cahill, S. P., & Foa, E. B. (2007, March 1). PTSD: Treatment efficacy and future directions. Psychiatric Times, 24(3), 32. Language: English Format: Magazine Abstract: Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Efficacy Accuracy Verified: Yes 296. Miller, P. W. (2004, December). Pure gold – an EMDR case cameo from Northern Ireland. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net 12/27/2008. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Accuracy Verified: Yes 297. Kinowski, K. (2003, May). Put your best foot forward. A somatosensory anchoring of confidence using modified EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Anchoring Confidence Modified EMDR Accuracy Verified: Yes 298. Kinowski, K. (2003). Put your best foot forward: An EMDR-related protocol for empowerment using somatosensory and visual priming of resource experiences. Victoria, B.C.: Published by Author. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Empowerment Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 299. Bloomgarden, A., & Calogero, R. M. (2008, October-December). A randomized experimental test of
the efficacy of EMDR treatment on negative body image in eating disorder
inpatients. Eating Disorders, 16(5), 418-427. doi:10.1080/10640260802370598. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Clinicians Eating Disorders Eating Disorder Inpatients Negative Body Image Accuracy Verified: Yes 300. Hodges, P. M. (2006). Rapid treatment of an unconsummated marriage using behavioral therapy and EMDR: A case study. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Western Psychological Association, Palm Springs, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Behavioral Therapy Unconsummated Marriage Accuracy Verified: No 301. O'Shea, K., & Wilensky, M. (2006, June). Re-building the foundations of: Early Age (0-3 Years) repair of trauma and neglect. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Istanbul, Turkey. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 302. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2008, May). Recent - traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP). EMDR Israel, Telaviv. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Recent-Traumatic Episode Protocol R-TEP Accuracy Verified: Yes 303. Luber, M. & Shapiro, F. (2009). Recent traumatic events protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 143-154). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Protocol Recent Traumatic Events Accuracy Verified: Yes 304. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2009). The recent-traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP): An integrative protocol for early EMDR intervention (EEI). In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 251-269). New York: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Early EMDR Intervention EEI Protocol Recent Events Recent Traumatic Episode R-TEP Accuracy Verified: Yes 305. Giovannozzi, G.
(2012, June). Regulated eye contact activation and installation protocol [Regulación
de
la
activación
del
contacto
ocular
y
protocolo
de
instalación]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Installation Protocol Regulated Eye Contact Activation Accuracy Verified: Yes 306. Maxfield, L. (2000, September). The relationship between efficacy and methodology in EMDR PTSD research studies. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Gold Standards Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Accuracy Verified: Yes 307. Maxfield, L., & Hyer, L. (2002, January). The relationship between efficacy and methodology in studies investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 23-41. doi:10.1002/jclp.1127. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Literature Review Meta Analysis Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 308. Matthews, T. (1992, Winter). REM correlated with emotional intensity not scanning in dreams. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(3), 8-9. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Rapid Eye Movement REM Accuracy Verified: Yes 309. Weisensee, K. (2002). Resiliency through EMDR self-administration: A proposal for a protocol. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Self-Administration Accuracy Verified: Yes 310. Laub, B. (2006, June). Resource connection envelope (RCE) in the EMDR standard protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: RCE Resource Connection Envelope Accuracy Verified: Yes 311. Laub, B. (2009). Resource connection envelope (RCE) in the EMDR standard protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 93-99). New York: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: RCE Resource Connection Envelope Accuracy Verified: Yes 312. Kiessling, R. (2001, December). Resource focused progression. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(4), 35-36. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Resource Focus Progression Accuracy Verified: Yes 313. Laub, B. (2001, May). Resource installation (connection) in the standard EMDR protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, UK . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Resource Installation Accuracy Verified: Yes 314. Kiessling, R. (2009). Resource strengthening. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (85-86). New York: Springer, pp. 450. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: When a client seems too overwhelmed by the trauma and, therefore, cannot focus on anything else, having them focus on positive things in their lives may help them regain a more appropriate and positive perspective. Once stabilized, clients may be ready to address the trauma with the Standard EMDR Protocol. The Resource Strengthening Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database] Keywords: Protocol Resource Strengthening Accuracy Verified: Yes 315. Schmidt, S. J. (1999, March). Resource-focused EMDR: Integration of ego state therapy, alternating bilateral stimulation, and art therapy. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(1), 8, 10-13, 25-28. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Art Therapy Bilateral Stimulation BLS Ego State Therapy Resource-Focused EMDR Accuracy Verified: Yes 316. Rost, C. (2008). Ressourcenarbeit mit EMDR, bewährte techniken im uberblick [Resources working with EMDR. Proven techniques at a glance: From survival to life]. (Hsrg) Paderborn: Junfermann. Language: German Format: Book Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 317. Figley, C., Dietrich, A., Maxfield, L., & Gentry, J. E. (1999, November). Review of neoteric trauma treatments and suggested practice guidelines. In C. Figley (Chair) Discussion, Clinical Theory. International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Neoteric Trauma Treatments Practice Guidelines Accuracy Verified: Yes 318. Maxfield, L., Greenwald, R., de Roos, C., Satin, M., Azubuike, A., Borgen, R., Rubin, A., Noorthoorn, E., & de Jongh, A. (2004, September). A review of PTSD treatment studies with children. In L. Maxfield (Chair), New data on EMDR for children. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children Research Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 319. Smyth, N. (2003, August). Role of exposure in EMDR treatment of PTSD. Presentation at 111th the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Outcomes Accuracy Verified: Yes 320. Mize, S. (2002, February). The role of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the interdisciplinary treatment of low sexual desire women. Presentation at the American Psychological Association Public Interest Directorate; Women's Programs. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Females Inhibited Sexual Desire Low Sexual Desire Sexual Abuse Accuracy Verified: No 321. Schubbe, O. (2011, June). Self care during the EMDR session: The application of the standard protocol for working with counter-transference. Presention presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Countertransference Self-Care Accuracy Verified: Yes 322. Greenwald, R. (2002, June). Session checklist forms in treatment research: A tool to support supervision and treatment fidelity. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Fidelity Poster Research Session Checklist Form Supervision Accuracy Verified: Yes 323. Gerge, A. (2012, June). Seven ways to extend the EMDR-protocol based in clinical hypnosis for clients with complex dissociative disorders
[Siete
maneras
de
extender
el
protocolo
EMDR
basadas
en
hipnosis
clínica
para
pacientes
con
trastornos
disociativos
complejos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Dissociative Disorders Hypnosis Accuracy Verified: Yes 324. Gerge, A. (2012, June). Seven ways to extend the EMDR-protocol based in clinical hypnosis for clients with complex dissociative disorders [Siete maneras de extender el protocolo EMDR basadas en hipnosis clínica para pacientes con trastornos disociativos complejos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Dissociative Disorders Hypnosis Accuracy Verified: Yes 325. Koedam, W. S. (2007). Sexual tauma in dsfunctional marriages: Integrating structural therapy and EMDR. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp.223-242). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Dysfunctional Marriages Emotional Trauma Integrative Psychotherapy Marriage Counseling. Sexual Abuse Sexual Trauma Structural Family Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 326. Luber, M. (2009). Single traumatic event. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 121-132). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Protocol Single Traumatic Event Accuracy Verified: Yes 327. DeYoung, R. R. (2009, July). A single-case design implementing eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with an ex-cult member. Presentation at the International Cultic Studies Association Conference, Geneva, Switzerland. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Cults Ex-Cult Members Single Case Design Accuracy Verified: Yes 328. Spindler-Ranta, D. C., & Schwartz, S. (2004, September). Slaying the monster: Relieving trauma in 9–90 year olds. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 329. Oxlade, R., & Day, D. (2000, September). Sleep disorders: From EMDR obstacles to keys to comprehension. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Breathing Restless Leg Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorders Speech Accuracy Verified: Yes 330. Minton, K. (2009, May). Somatic resourcing and EMDR. Plenary presented at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Depression Plenary Somatic Resourcing Accuracy Verified: Yes 331. Kinowski, K. (2002, June). A somatosensory anchoring of confidence using EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Confidence Somatosenory Anchoring Accuracy Verified: Yes 332. Ricci, R. J., Clayton, C. A., & Shapiro, F. (2006, December). Some effects of EMDR on previously abused child molesters: Theoretical reviews and preliminary findings. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 17(4), 538-562. doi:10.1080/14789940601070431. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Child Molester Childhood Sexual Abuse Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Eye Movements Pedophilia Phallometry Quantitative Study Sex Offenders Sexual Abuse Trauma Treatment Treatment Accuracy Verified: Yes 333. Devilly, G. J., Spence, S. H., & Rapee, R. M. (1998, Summer). Statistical and reliable change with eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: Treating trauma within a veteran population. Behavior Therapy, 29(3), 435-455. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80042-7. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Australians Empirical Study Follow-up Study Longitudinal Study Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War Accuracy Verified: Yes 334. Barol, B. I., & Seubert, A. (2010). Stepping stones: EMDR treatment of individuals
with intellectual and developmental disabilities
and challenging behavior. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(4), 156-169. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.4.156
. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Autism Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Treatment Accuracy Verified: Yes 335. Shapiro, F. (1992, Winter). Stray thoughts: Memory retrieval. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(3), 1-3. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Memory Retrieval Repression Resistance Accuracy Verified: Yes 336. Wilson, S. A., Tinker, R. H., Becker, L. A., & Logan,C. R. (2001, July). Stress management with law enforcement personnel: A controlled outcome study of EMDR versus a traditional stress management program. International Journal of Stress Management, 8(3), 179-200. doi:10.1023/A:1011366408693. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Americans Controlled Outcome Study Empirical Study Police Personnel Posttrraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Spouses Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 337. Vogelmann-Sine, S., Popky, A. J., Sine, L. F., & Carlson, J. G. (1997, May). Substance abuse research protocol: Research protocol EMDR integrative addiction treatment model and the modified standard EMDR chemical dependency treatement protocol. Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA. Language: English Format: Other Keywords: Research Protocol Substance Abuse Accuracy Verified: Yes 338. Gambuzza, C. A. (2010, June). Supervision, EMDR and ego state therapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany
. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Ego State Therapy Supervision Accuracy Verified: Yes 339. Foreningen EMDR Sverige. (2009). Synpunkter akutstressyndrom och PTSD [EMDR Sweden Association comments acute stress syndrome and PTSD]. In Foreningen EMDR Sverige, Inkomna synpunkter, Nationella riktlinjer för depressionssjukdom och ångestsyndrom preliminär, (pp. 163-164). Denmark: Riksforeningen Psykoterapi Centrum. Language: Swedish Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 340. Hertlein, K. M., & Ricci, R. J. (2004, July). A systematic research synthesis of EMDR studies: Implementation of the platinum standard. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 5(3), 285-300. doi:10.1177/1524838004264340.. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Review Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 341. Lovett, J. (2012, October). Targeting confusion to facilitate trauma resolution and promote attachment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Attachment Confusion Accuracy Verified: Yes 342. Mosquera, D., González, A., & Vazquez, I. (2012, Enero ). Terapia EMDR (eye movement desensitization
reprocessing) en el trastorno límite de
personalidad: Reflexiones en torno a un caso de
patología dual [EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization
Reprocessing) in BPD
personality: Reflections on a case of
dual diagnosis]. Revista Espanola de Drogodependencias, 37(1), 82-95. Language: Spanish Format: Magazine Abstract: Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Borderline Personaity Disorder BPD Dual Diagnosis Accuracy Verified: Yes 343. van der Hart, O., Solomon, R., & Gonzalez, A. (2010, September/October). The theory of structural dissociation as a guide for EMDR treatment of chronically traumatized clients. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Chronic Traumatization Structural Dissociation Accuracy Verified: Yes 344. Colelli, G., & Patterson, B. (2008). Three case reports illustrating the use of the protocol for recent traumatic events following the World Trade Center terrorist attack. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 114-123. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.114. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: 9/11 Adults Americans Case Report Man-Made Disasters Recent Events Protocol September 11 Survivors Terrorism Terrorist Attacks Accuracy Verified: Yes 345. Marcus, S., Marquis, P., & Sakai, C. (2004, August). Three- and 6-month follow-up of EMDR treatment of PTSD in an HMO setting. International Journal of Stress Management, 11(3), 195-208. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.11.3.195 . Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Empirical Study Follow-up Study HMO Managed Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Accuracy Verified: Yes 346. Knipe, J. (2002, June). A tool for working with dissociative clients. EMDRIA Newsletter, 7(2), 14-15. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Dissociation Accuracy Verified: Yes 347. Grand, C., & Grant, D. (2003, September). Toolkits for the every body: Working with the physiology of emotion. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Four Panes Model Physiology of Emotion Accuracy Verified: Yes 348. Krystal, S., Prendergast, J., Krystal, P., & Fenner, P., Shapiro, I., & Shapiro, K. (2002). Transpersonal psychology, eastern nondual philosophy, and EMDR. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 319-339). Washington: American Psychological Association. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Adults Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors Transpersonal Psychotherapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 349. Gonzalez, A., & Mosquera , D. (2010). Tratamiento del abuso sexual con EMDR [Treatment of sexual abuse with EMDR]. Revista de Psicoterapia, 20(80). Language: Spanish Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Psychotherapy Sexual Abuse Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 350. Shapiro, F. (2001). Trauma and adaptive information-processing: EMDR's dynamic and behavioral interface. In M. F. Solomon; R. J. Neborsky, L. McCullough, M. Alpert, F. Shapiro, & D. Malan (Eds.), Short-term therapy for long-term change (pp. 112-129). New York: W. W. Norton. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Cognitive Processes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 351. Mevissen, L., & Lievegoed, R. (2010, June). Trauma and institutionalization -
EMDR: A tool to cure, relieve or prevent. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Institutionalization Accuracy Verified: Yes 352. Greenwald, R. (2000). The trauma orientation and child therapy. In K. N. Dwivedi (Ed.), Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents (pp. 7-24). London: Whurr Publishers. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Adolescents Assessment Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 353. Brown, P. A. (2012). Trauma research and treatment of combat veterans: An evidence-based integrative literature review. California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco, CA. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Combat Veterans Literature Review Accuracy Verified: Yes 354. Ricci, R. J., & Clayton, C. A. (2008). Trauma resolution treatment as an adjunct to standard treatment for child molesters: A qualitative study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 41-50. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.41. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Abuse Propensity Adults Child Abuse Child Molester Clinical Trial Cognitive Therapy European Americans Males Qualitative Perpetrators Rape Sex Offenders Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 355. Ricci, R. J. (2004). Trauma resolution treatment as an adjunct to standard treatment for sexual offenders. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. AAT 3136393. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Sex Offenders Trauma Treatment Accuracy Verified: Yes 356. Midboe, A., Benight, C., Harding, A., Iwaishi, S., & Johnson, L. (2002, November). A trauma-based treatment intervention for
domestic violence victims. Poster presented at the 18th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, Baltimore, MD. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Domestic Violence Poster Accuracy Verified: Yes 357. Greenwald, R. (2000, April). A trauma-focused individual therapy approach for adolescents with conduct disorder. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 44(2), 146-163. doi:10.1177/0306624X00442002 . Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adolescents Cognitive Therapy Disruptive Behavior Disorders Individual Psychotherapy Males Psychiatric Inpatients Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 358. Greenwald, R. (2004, September). Trauma-informed treatment: The foundation of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montréal, Ontario Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Trauma-Informed Case Formulation Accuracy Verified: Yes 359. Zampieri, A. J., Zampieri, M. J., & Godoy, M. F. (2012, Novembro). Trauma: Estudo comparativo de sessão única entre psicoterapia da fala e EMDR [Trauma: A comparative study between single-session psychotherapy and EMDR speech]. In comunicações de pesquisa. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil. Language: Portuguese Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Beck Depression Inventory Comparative Study Psychotherapy Speech Single Session Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 360. Russell, M. C. (2006). Treating combat-related stress disorders: A multiple case study utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with battlefield casualties from the Iraqi war. Military Psychology, 18(1), 1-18. doi:10.1207/s15327876mp1801_1. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Battlefield Casualties Combat Experience Combat Related Stress Disorders Empirical Study Eye Movements Follow-up Study Hospitals Iraqi War Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic Symptoms PTSD Quantitative Study War Accuracy Verified: Yes 361. Bergmann, U. (2008, June). Treating dissociation in the spectrum of personality disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England
. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Dissociation Personality Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 362. Cooke, L. J., & Grand, C. (2006, September). Treating eating disorders using EMDR and its variations. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Eating Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 363. Marcus, S. (2010, June). Treating headaches with integrated EMDR [Behandeling van hoofdpijn met geïntegreerde EMDR]. Presentation at the Fourth Congress of the Association EMDR Netherlands, Nijmegen, the Nederlands. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Headaches Accuracy Verified: Yes 364. Staff. (1997, October 7). Treating pathological gambling with eye movement desensitization/reprocessing. The Wager, 2(40). Language: English Format: Magazine Abstract: Keywords: Gambling Accuracy Verified: Yes 365. Tormey, M. E. (2004, June). Treatment and resolution of the traumatic component of erectile dysfunction with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In EMDR, biology, and the body (J. Spector, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: ED Erectile Dysfunction Sex Therapy Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 366. Whisman, M. (2000, May 6). Treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Utrecht, Netherlands. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Accuracy Verified: Yes 367. Sprowls, C., & Marquis, P. (2012, June). Treatment of OCD [Tratamiento
del
TOC]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Accuracy Verified: Yes 368. de Jongh, A. (2004, June). The treatment of phobias with EMDR: Principle, protocol, and procedure. Preconference presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden
. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Phobias Accuracy Verified: Yes 369. Vaughan, K., Armstrong, M., Gold, R., O'Connor, N., Jenneke, W., & Tarrier, N. (1994, December). A trial of eye movement desensitization compared to image habituation training and applied muscle relaxation in post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(4), 283-291. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90036-1
. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Australians Exposure Therapy Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Relaxation Therapy Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 370. Toon, K. (2009, October). Troubleshooting. Presentation at the 2nd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop, Leeds, UK. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Standard Protocol Troubleshooting Accuracy Verified: Yes 371. Rubin, A. (2003, March). Unanswered questions about the empirical support for EMDR in the treatment of PTSD: A review of research. Traumatology, 9(1), 4-30. doi:10.1177/153476560300900102 . Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Literature Review Posttraumtic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 372. Suokas-Cunliffe, A., Matthess, H.,
& van der Hart, O. (2008, April). The use of EMDR and guided synthesis in the treatment of chronically traumatized patients. Proceedings of the 1st Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Guided Synthesis Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 373. St. Andre, É. (2010, April/May). Use of EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: a case study. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Accuracy Verified: Yes 374. Dellucci, H. (2011, December). The use of EMDR in the treatment of patients with complex dissociative disorders related
to trauma. Presentation at the First European Society for Trauma and Dissociation, Paris, France . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Dissociative Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 375. Abruzzese, M. (1995, June). Use of EMDR with disruptive behavior disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children Disruptive Behavior Disorder Accuracy Verified: Yes 376. Gupta, M., & Gupta, A. (2003, September/October). Use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of dermatologic disorders. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 6(5), 415-421. doi:10.1007/s10227-001-0116-8. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Dermatological Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 377. Davis, N. (2002). The use of multi-sensory trauma processing to treatpost-traumatic stress disorder in law enforcement officers. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Brief treatments for the traumatized: A project of the Green Cross Foundation (pp. 173-206). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Police Personnel Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 378. Marich, J. (2010, September/October). Using EMDR as a complement to 12-step recovery. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: 12-Step Recovery Addiction Substance Abuse Accuracy Verified: Yes 379. Shapiro, R. (2005). Using EMDR in couples therapy. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 283-292). New York: W W Norton & Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Adults Family Therapy Marital Problems Sex Therapy Stressors Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 380. Tinker, R. H. (1995, June). Using EMDR to treat children. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children Accuracy Verified: Yes 381. Tufnell. G. (2004, February). Using EMDR to treat PTSD in preadolescent children. Presentation at the 2nd annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Birmingham, UK. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: This paper will describe the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in preadolescent children using Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR has shown to bring rapid relief in adults with PTSD, Studies are begining to show that it can also be useful in work with young children. However, the standard protocol requires some adjustment. In addition, in situation where children have complex difficulties in addition to PTSD, EMDR may need to be used alongside other interventions within a complex treatment package. Method: This study describes brief work carried out with 4 preadolescent children with PTSD. Three of these children had receive no treatment in spite of suffering from significant and chronic symptoms ofr years. One had suffered a traumatic bereavement. All had additional problems that required intervention. EMDR was used as part of a comprehensive treatment package. Results: In all cases, the children's PTSD symptoms resolved within 2-4 sessions of EMDR. The maximum total number of sessions was 7. The children's symptomatic improvements were maintained at 6 month follow-up. Comment: EMDR can be adapted for use with preadolescent children. It can povide rapid and lasting symptomatic relief. EMDR can be a useful part of a multi-modal treatment package for young childen with PTSD and additional mental health problems. Keywords: Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 382. Tufnell, G. (2004, June). Using EMDR to treat PTSD in preadolescent children. In children and EMDR (R. Oras, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 383. Greenwald, R. (1993). Using EMDR with children. EMDR Institute, Inc., Pacific Grove, CA. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Children Accuracy Verified: Yes 384. Tinker, R. (1996, June). Using EMDR with children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children Accuracy Verified: Yes 385. Yoder, P. (2002, June). Using energy psychology techniques with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Energy Psychology Accuracy Verified: Yes 386. Brown, S., Gilman, S., & Popky, A. J. (2009, August). Using the DeTUR™ model and EMDR to treat addictions and impulse control disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Addictions DeTUR Model Impulse Control Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 387. Naitana, M. L. (2008, Novembre). Uso del protocollo standard dell’EMDR integrato con la terapia cognitivo-comportamentale nei disturbi diveri dal PTSD [Using the standard protocol integrated EMDR therapy - Cognitive-behavioral disorders diver from PTSD]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia. Language: Italian Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Disorders Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 388. Goldwasser, N. (2005, September). Utilizing EMDR to heal undesired sexual attractions and to help actualize sexual potential. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Sexual Potential Accuracy Verified: Yes 389. Torun, F. (2010, Spring). Vajinismusun EMDR yöntemi ile tedavisi: İki olgu sunumu [Treatment of vaginismus with EMDR: A report of two cases]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(3), 243-248. Language: Turkish Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adult Desensitization, Female Humans Psychologic Sexual Behavior Vaginismus Wounds and Injuries Accuracy Verified: Yes 390. Laub, B. (2003, September). Various uses of connections to resources within and without the standard EMDR protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Dialetical Movement Accuracy Verified: Yes 391. Kiessling, R. (2009). The wedging technique. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 91-92). New York: Springer Publishing Co. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Protocol Accuracy Verified: Yes 392. Jeffries, F. W., & Davis, P. (2013, October). What is the role of eye movements in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? A review. Behavioral Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41(3), 290-300. doi:10.1017/S1352465812000793. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review Accuracy Verified: Yes 393. Levin, P., Lazrove, S., & van der Kolk, B. (1999, January-April). What psychological testing and neuroimaging tell us about the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 159-172. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00045-0. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Americans Brain Imaging Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 394. Yoeli, F. R., & Prattos, T. (2007, June). When all you have is 90 minutes: A systemic approach to EMDR case conceptualization in times of stress following crisis. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Crisis Early Intervention Accuracy Verified: Yes 395. Aasen, B. (2007, June). When traumatization continues: The combined use of resource development and installation and EMDR standard protocol in the treatment of children. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Conference, Paris, France. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children RDI Resource Development and Installation Accuracy Verified: Yes 396. Paulsen, S. (2009, November). Working under the floorboards: Resetting affective circuits in preparation for clearing very early trauma with EMDR. Presentation at the 26th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Washington, DC. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: EMDR is known for its use in treatment
of PTSD and, when the appropriate
protocol is used, dissociative disorders.
The standard protocol of EMDR is limited
when applied to repairing early trauma
because 1) it relies upon targeting an
explicit memory but early trauma is stored
in implicit memory, and 2) when early
trauma is accessed it can be overwhelming
to clients, because early experience is
accessed with the limited containment,
safety and affect regulation capacity of
the child´s age at the time of trauma. Katie
O´Shea developed a four step protocol for
the safe treatment of early trauma using
EMDR, and it is based upon an ego state
approach (O´Shea & Paulsen, 2007).
The protocol is based upon the standard
EMDR protocol with critical modifications.
There are three preparation steps: 1)
containment, 2) safe state, and 3) resetting
affective circuits. Step three is hypothesized
to clear the affective circuits that conduct
emotional information processing. The
fourth step corresponds to Phases III and IV
in the EMDR standard protocol. That fourth
step articulates the target and desensitizes
it, but the latter is conducted by time frame
rather than by explicit memory. Keywords: Early Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 397. Dellucci, H. (2010, June). Working with letters and EMDR: How, when, why. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Letters Accuracy Verified: Yes 398. de Jongh, A. (2008, Maart). Workshop effectief conceptualiseren en scherpstellen [Workshop effectively conceptualize and focus]. Presentatie op de derde conferentie van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland. Language: Dutch Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Case Conceptualization Cognitions Identifying Touchstone Event Accuracy Verified: Yes 399. Mills, S. (1998). Worst case scenarios: Client fantasies during and after traumatic experiences using EMDR therapy. Trauma Response, 32. Language: English Format: Magazine Abstract: Keywords: Fantasies Practice Theory Accuracy Verified: Yes
Psychologische Behandlung von traumatischen Belastungsstörungen mit EMDR. Die EMDR-Behandlung ist nach unserer Erfahrung eine sehr effektive Technik zur Behandlung von traumatischen Erinnerungen bei Patienten mit dissoziativen Störungen. Das Ziel der Traumabehandlung bei dissoziativen Patienten zusätzlich zu der Verringerung der Belastung von posttraumatischen Symptomen, Aussetzen der zuvor abgespaltenen Erinnerungen im Sinne einer Integration von dissoziierten Erfahrung liegt. Die EMDR-Behandlung dissoziativer Patienten brauchen, wenn nötig. durch Ändern der Standard-Protokoll auf den einzelnen Elastizität eingestellt werden. Da dissoziative Speicher Barrieren durch eine EMDRBehandlung sehr schnell untergraben werden kann, kombiniert mit dem Risiko der Übererflutung durch aversive Reize, sollte dies nur von entsprechend erfahrenen Therapeuten und mit Sorgfalt im Rahmen einer umfassenden Traumatherapie eingesetzt werden.
Psychological treatment of traumatic stress disorders with EMDR. The EMDR treatment is, in our experience a very effective technique for the treatment of traumatic memories in patients with dissociative disorders. The aim of trauma treatment in dissociative patients in addition to reducing the burden of post-traumatic symptoms, exposing the previously split-off memories in the sense of an integration of dissociated experience content. The EMDR treatment of dissociative patients need, if necessary. be adjusted by modifying the standard protocol on the individual resilience. Since dissociative memory barriers through a EMDRBehandlung may be undermined very quickly, combined with the risk of Übererflutung by aversive stimuli, this should only be used by suitably experienced therapists and with care in the context of a comprehensive trauma therapy.
In diesem praxisorientierten Workshop den Einsatz von EMDR mit Zwangsstörung (OCD) werden vorgestellt und geübt werden. In diesem Workshop werden wir die Besonderheiten der Verwendung von EMDR sowie die Kombination mit Stimulus Konfrontation (Exposition Übungen) umfassen wird. Ein Standard-Eintrag verändert wird umgesetzt, das "Timing der Therapie" von EMDR wird gezeigt und die typischen Probleme im Zusammenhang mit der Regulierung von Emotionen wird geprüft werden.
Der Workshop richtet sich an alle Kolleginnen und Kollegen arbeiten in-Tiefe sind psychische und Verhaltensstörungen Therapeutika ausgerichtet.
In this practice-oriented workshop the use of EMDR with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) will be presented and practiced. During this workshop we will cover the special features of using EMDR as well as the combination thereof with stimulus confrontation (exposure exercises). An altered standard record will be implemented, the “timing of the therapy” of EMDR will be shown and the typical problems relating to the regulation of emotions will be looked into.
The workshop is aimed at all colleagues who are working in-depth with psychological and behavioural therapeutics.
Interactions between trauma and biology, dissociation and psychosis are
complex. Some cases could be more biologically based, and traumatic events may
trigger a psychotic episode or contribute to the low-response to usual
interventions. But traumatic experiences could also influence neurodevelopment
and brain structure. In some cases past adverse events may be a main factor in the
development of psychotic psychopathology. The treatment of psychotic disorders
with a specifically trauma-oriented therapy as EMDR, can help us to evaluate the
relative contribution of these different factors from clinical results. The empirical
research about the application of EMDR will be also reviewed.
A relevant point for EMDR therapy in psychotic disorders is the complex
relationship between dissociation and psychosis. Patients presenting with the
belief of being controlled by an external force, intrusive thoughts and hallucinatory
voices that comment on one's thoughts or actions or that have a conversation with
other hallucinated voices, are easily diagnosed as schizophrenic or psychotic but
can often be best understood and approached as dissociative symptoms. These
patients can be treated with EMDR, but the procedures present relevant
modifications in relation with the standard EMDR procedure for PTSD.
In this workshop we will briefly describe how EMDR can be applied in different
examples of psychotic patients, and based on these clinical examples (presented a case-descriptions or videos, we will reflect on the previously described aspects.
Las
interacciones
entre
trauma
y
biología,
disociación
y
psicosis
son
complejas.
Algunos
casos
pueden
estar
más
basados
en
el
ámbito
biológico,
y
los
eventos
traumáticos
pueden
ser
disparadores
de
un
episodio
psicótico
o
contribuir
a
la
baja
respuesta
ante
las
intervenciones
usuales.
Pero
las
experiencias
traumáticas
pueden
también
influenciar
el
neurodesarrollo
y
la
estructura
cerebral.
En
Algunos
casos
eventos
adversos
del
pasado
pueden
ser
el
principal
factor
para
desarrollar
psicosis
o
una
psicopatología.
El
tratamiento
de
los
trastornos
psicóticos
con
un
terapia
orientada
al
trauma
como
el
EMDR
nos
ayudan
a
evaluar
la
contribución
relativa
de
distintos
factores
a
los
resultados
clínicos.
La
investigación
empírica
acerca
de
la
aplicación
del
EMDR
también
será
revisada.
Un
punto
relevante
de
la
Terapia
EMDR
en
trastornos
psicóticos
es
el
resultado
complejo
de
la
relación
entre
disociación
y
psicosis.
Los
pacientes
que
presentan
creencias
de
control
por
fuerzas
externas,
pensamientos
intrusivos
y
voces
alucinatorias
que
comentan
las
acciones
o
pensamientos
o
tienen
una
conversación
con
otras
voces
alucinatorias,
normalmente
son
diagnosticadas
como
esquizofrenia
y
psicosis
pero
en
algunas
ocasiones
estarían
mejor
entendidas
desde
un
enfoque
que
las
considerara
síntomas
disociativos.
Estos
pacientes
pueden
ser
tratados
con
EMDR,
pero
los
procedimientos
presentan
modificaciones
referentes
al
procedimiento
estándar
de
EMDR
para
el
TEPT.
Participants will: 1) understand the necessity of eliciting material from children in indirect, projective ways; 2) understand the meaning of "creative processing" in the EMDR context as a method of both accessing and treating children's problems where direct methods may fail to produce desired outcome; 3) learn specific skills which apply the EMDR method through the medium of fantasy, play, story, metaphor, sensory experience, and enactment; 4) learn how to apply the creative process to separate elements of the standard EMDR protocol, and to make adjustments appropriate to the age and developmental stage of the individual child; 5) observe direct use of EMDR creative processing techniques via case material and videotaped therapy sessions; and 6) recognize the importance of integrating family systemic issues into use of the techniques, as well as embedding the method into a total contextual treatment of the child.
EMDR therapists need specific and advanced understanding of the EMDR method as well as additional skills to complete treatment successfully. In this workshop the overall course of treatment with EMDR is briefly outlined but specific areas are focused on in more detail. These areas include: 1) the development and installation of resources; 2) strategic target development including the bridging technqiue; 3) modification of the standard EMDR procedural steps, 4) techniques for unblocking blocked processing including advanced interweave strategies; and 5) technqiues for closing incomplete sessions.
Participants will: 1) be able to describe the three phases of treatment; 2) be able to use at least three ego strengthening methods using EMDR, including identification, development, and installation of inner and outer resources important for preparing clients for EMDR processing, such as: safe place, positive
internal resource images, such as the inner advisor child-self – adult-self assessment and
development, nurturer and protector figures,
spiritual resources, positive memories, images from nature, and others; 3) learn tips for successful target development; 4) learn how to develop and use special targets for EMDR processing such as: visual memories, including flashbacks; dreams; artwork; emotions, physical sensations, and body memories;
TV shows and movies; and negative cognitions; 5) learn helpful modifications to the standard EMDR procedural steps; 6) learn at least two interventions to help clients who experience problems during EMDR processing with, such as dissociation, numbness, sleepiness, lack of channel activation and integration, and memory chaining; 7) learn at least two suggestions for working with client transference; 8) learn at least five techniques for working with blocked processing and abreactions; 9) learn how to use a selection of imaginal and cognitive interweaves; and 10) learn at least three techniques for closing incomplete sessions.
EMDR therapists need specific and advanced understanding of the EMDR method, as well as additional skills, to complete treatment successfully. In this workshop the overall course of treatment with EMDR is briefly outlined, but specific areas are focused on in more detail. These areas include 1) the development and installation of resources; 2) strategic
target development, including the bridging technique; 3) modifications of
thc standard EMDR procedural steps; 4) techniques for unblocking blocked processing including advanced interweave strategies; and 5) techniques
for closing incomplete sessions.
Patients with complex PTSD are a challenging patient population. Even if
concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et 01.1 and the new
research on structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) helps to understand these
patients better, their treatment course is often complicated. In the
treatment of these patients EMDR can be one of the key treatments
approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also enclose other
treatment modalities and the overall treatment plan.
The objective of this course is to help therapists use the opportunities that the
8 phase EMDR treatment plan offers and to reduce the risks for their
treatment course. Also the implications of the use of the standard protocol
for EMDR and the inverted standard protocol are discussed.
Depending on the size of the group, time for discussion about clinical cases
of participants is welcome.
The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment protocol (EMDR-IGTP) has been used in different parts of the world since 1998 with both adults and children after natural or man-made disasters. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model, thus providing more extensive reach than the individual application of EMDR. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 16 bereaved children after a human provoked disaster in the Mexican State of Coahuila in 2006. Results showed a significant decrease in scores on the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale that was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Although controlled research is needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention, preliminary results suggest that EMDR-IGTP may be an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale critical incidents (e.g., human-provoked disasters, terrorism, natural disasters. [Author Abstract]
Introduction:
This paper presents an overview of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing – Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP) that has been used since 1998 with both children and adults in its original format or with adaptations to meet the circumstances in numerous settings around the world for thousands of survivors of natural or man-made disasters and during ongoing geopolitical crisis.
Method:
The author's intention is to highlight and enlightened the reader of the existence of this protocol that combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model and an art therapy format and use the Butterfly Hug as a form of a self-administered bilateral stimulation, thus providing more extensive reach than the individual EMDR application.
Conclusion:
Randomize Controlled Trial Research is suggested to establish the efficacy of this intervention.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is recognized as an effective and efficient treatment for trauma-related issues. This article describes an integrated EMDR and group treatment for children and adults traumatized by natural disasters in several Latin American countries. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model. The hypothesis is that the resulting hybrid offers more extensive reach than did the original EMDR model, which was intended for use with individuals, and takes treatment efficacy and efficiency well beyond that expected from traditional group process. To illustrate the application of the model, one formally measured field study and nine pilot projects are described. The promising results of this intervention suggest that EMDR is an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale traumatic events (e.g., natural disasters). Controlled research is needed to clarify this issue.
Therapeutic Process seems to be blocked for some patients with strong Developmental Disorders or exposed to Disturbing Early Life Experiences (Bessel A. van der Kolk). A specific approach during EMDR Intensive Therapy (EMDRIT) using the Case Conceptualisation (Andrew Leeds), based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model (Francine Shapiro), the Attachment Theory (John Bowlby) and the Useful and Necessary Renouncement Principe (Judith Viorst) allow those patients to progress.
As a pilot experience, we have been able to use this EMDRIT framework with 64 clients.
Their complex disorders included, for each of them, at least 3 of the following symptoms:
Anxiety, depression, primary structural dissociation, alcohol addiction, eating behaviour disorders, travel phobia, emotional numbing, affective isolation, hypochondria, phantom limb syndrome, fibromyalgia, cancer, psychological or physical abuse survivor, perpetrator of violent aggressions.
For the 25 first clients, we have used the PCL-S (pathology threshold > 44) test. Their pre-treatment average score was 70. It dropped to 28 after EMDRIT treatment, down to 26 after 3 months and stabilised at 29 after 1 year. These first results allowed us to define a target population and an adapted protocol that provides client safety, efficiency and result sustainability. For the 39 next clients, we measured a decrease of the SCL-90-R (pathology threshold > 1,5) test score from 3 before treatment down to 1,4 after treatment, 1,2 after 3 months and 1,3 after 1 year. We measure efficiency on 87% of the clients and a suppression of 80% of the symptoms after 1 year. At the same time, a control cohort of 20 people with identical pathologies saw their score drop from 3 to 2,3 with the same treatment time, using the standard EMDR protocol. From this preliminary result, we are developing some research hypothesis:
•Selection criteria for EMDRIT, based on the patient ability accessing Adaptive Memory Networks (AMN).
•The Targeting Sequence Plan, seen as an expression of the Dysfunctional Memory Networks (DMN).
•The importance of the client emotional Window Of Tolerance (WOT) for the efficiency of the Adaptive Information Processing system.
•Epigenetic show possible structural brain modifications by rehabilitation of fluid links across the 3 levels of the brain (reptilian, limbic and neo-cortical). These changes are immediate and permanent.
•Need to standardize appropriate scale for database, in order to foster international research and results sharing.
We sea AIP model as an opportunity to move from an analytic and sequential approach to a systemic and integrative approach based on Complex System for a global understanding.
The effectiveness of EMDR with trauma survivors has been widely reported. Studies support the use of EMDR in the treatment of symptoms caused by trauma in children and adolescents, and they have evaluated the usefulness of EMDR following disaster events Group therapy is a well-proven form of treatment for traumatized children and adolescents. The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (IGTP) combines the Standard EMDR treatment Phases 1 through 8 with a Group Therapy model. Designed initially for work with children, the EMDR-IGTP has also been found suitable for group work with adults. The EMDR Integrative Treatment Protocol Script is provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Riassunto, Alcuni autori (Shapiro F., Omaha J., Popky A.J., Hase M.), ipotizzano che il metodo EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) possa essere utile ai pazienti tossicodipendenti sia per avere una migliore adattabilità e funzionalità del comportamento sia per allontanare il tempo delle ricadute.
Tuttavia gli studi con l’EMDR applicato alle tossicodipendenze sono rari e in Italia pressoché
assenti. L’autore, con l’intento di offrire un input per stimolare future ricerche, riassume il protocollo standard dell’EMDR, il protocollo DSRC sulla desensibilizzazione degli stimoli e la rielaborazione della compulsione e il protocollo DRDA sulla desensibilizzazione e rielaborazione del ricordo del disturbo d’astinenza. Nei soggetti che hanno effettuato i vari protocolli EMDR è stato possibile rilevare un risultato
positivo a breve termine tramite i punteggi delle scale SUD (Subjective Units of Disturbance), VOC
(Validity of Cognition), LOU (Level of Urge) e anche attraverso la valutazione di disegni effettuati prima e dopo la seduta EMDR.///
Shapiro F., Omaha J., Popky A. J., Hase M. et al. have speculated that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) could be useful in the treatment of drug addicted subjects, to reach better adjustment and behavioural functioning and/or to increase the time interval between relapses. Currently,
studies reporting the use of EMDR with drug addicted patients are scarce and, in Italy, absent. The article, in order to offer an input to stimulate further research and increase its application, summarizes the
EMDR method and considers the possibility for the use of the “Standard EMDR protocol”, the
“Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing” protocol and the “Withdrawal Disorder Memory Desensitization and Reprocessing” protocol within the Public Drug Abuse Departments. Subjects who underwent the various EMDR treatment protocols showed positive results in the short-term period, when tested with SUD (Subjective Units of Disturbance), VOC (Validity of Cognition) and LOU (Level of Urge)scales. Encouraging results were also obtained through the evaluation of drawings done by the subjects
before and after the EMDR treatments.[Author Abstract]
Sujeitos vítimas de amputação podem apresentar, imeditamente após a mesma, algum tipo de desconforto no membro ausente, descrito como formigamento, dormência, posição do membro, temperatura, latejamento, choque e apertamento que podem manifestar-se com a presença ou não de dor, tendo sua qualidade de vida reduzida. Observa-se que atualmente, as abordagens terapêuticas usadas no manejo da dor e das sensações fantasmas podem ser organizadas em três modalidades: medicamentosa, de apoio e cirúrgica, feitas em conjunto ou separadamente. Os tratamentos de apoio mais conhecidos incluem estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea, terapia vibratória, acupuntura, hipnose e biofeedback. A proposta desse estudo foi verificar a eficiência do EMDR na redução e/ou eliminação das sensações e da dor fantasmas aplicado a seis sujeitos com amputação de membro inferior, num período de um a três meses de duração (de 4 a 12 sessões de 60 a 90 minutos de duração), utilizando o protocolo EMDR padrão e o protocolo EMDR para a dor, e também exercícios corporais de respiração consciente, aliados, em casos de resistência dos sujeitos ao EMDR, à ativação da visão macular dos dois olhos e a exercícios rítmicos de espernear. Tais procedimentos proporcionaram uma melhor comunicação entre os hemisférios cerebrais, numa reorganização cortical que facilitou o aumento da consciência e aceitação da perda do membro amputado, sendo possível presenciar efeitos terapêuticos positivos e rápidos. Constatou-se que as sensações e as dores fantasmas diminuíram significativamente em três participantes e desapareceram por completo nos outros três, comprovando a eficácia e eficiência do EMDR no processo de inclusão e readaptação social em sujeitos vítimas de amputação.
Subjected victims of amputation may have, immediately after it, some kind of discomfort absent member, described as tingling, numbness, limb position, temperature, throbbing, clenching and shock that may occur with the presence or absence of pain, having a reduced quality of life. It is observed that currently, the therapeutic approaches used in the management of pain and phantom sensations can be organized into three types: medication, and surgical support, made jointly or separately. The most popular treatments include support transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, vibratory therapy, acupuncture, hypnosis and biofeedback. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of EMDR in the reduction and / or elimination of phantom sensations and pain applied to six subjects with lower limb amputation in a period of one to three months duration (4 to 12 sessions of 60 to 90 minutes), using the standard EMDR protocol and the protocol EMDR for pain, and also body conscious breathing exercises, combined, in cases of resistance to the subject of EMDR, the activation of macular vision in both eyes and rhythmic exercises kicking . These procedures allow for a better communication between the cerebral hemispheres, cortical reorganization in which facilitated the increased awareness and acceptance of the loss of the amputated limb, and you can witness the positive therapeutic effects and fast. It was found that the sensations and phantom pain significantly decreased in three participants and disappeared completely in the other three, proving the efficiency and effectiveness of EMDR in the process of inclusion and social rehabilitation of victims subject to amputation.
Efficacy of EMDR on Children Affected by Earthquake: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of EMDR as an
intervention technique for trauma victims. A sample of 50 students, studying in 10th grade, age ranging from 14 to 16 years
were selected. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to measure the intensity of trauma experienced. A pre-post
test research design was used in the study. The results were in the predicted direction. EMDR was found to be effective in
reducing avoidance, intrusion and hyper arousal as well as overall impact of trauma.
“Group EMDR With Earthquake Survivors”
The current study is an attempt to understand the impact of a specific traumatic events and its expression in children i.e. the
earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, Western India in January 2001.
This study was a part of the therapy work conducted with the survivors of the earthquake by the group of 40 practitioners
from Mumbai and was over 4 months.
The paper will present the following aspects:
1. The symptoms seen among the children depicting PTSD as per DSM IV criteria. Signs of Hyper-arousal, Avoidance and
Intrusion were clearly seen especially in children
2. The process used. This was a modified version of the standard 8 phase protocol appropriate for use with group work.
Butterfly hugs were used as BLS. Stages of EMDR for this group:
3. Observations and a few unique experiences
These include blocking of trauma image, difficulty in safe place visualizing, difficulty in distancing and using creative
techniques for soothing and relaxation.
4. Impact of the EMDR intervention with this group
More than 16000 children from about 30 schools were seen. based on observations and reports by teachers during the
follow up showed reduction in anxiety, reports of life resembling pre-earthquake, improved attention and concentration,
better sleeping patterns and lowering of somatic complaints.
Impact and expression of trauma in children exposed to the earthquake: The current study is an attempt to understand
the impact of a specific traumatic event and its expression in children i.e. the earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, western
India in January 2001. The Butterfly hug technique for bilateral stimulation was used following 8 steps of EMDR. Drawings
of children were used as their expressions during different phases of EMDR. Drawings during “ Assessment phase” depicted
feelings of insecurity, a sense of vacuum and emptiness, low energy levels, a desire for contact and help, feelings of guilt, poor
body image, hypersensitivity was noticed almost universally and even during therapy. Drawings, following the processing
and installation phases indicated the facial expression changed to a smile. Tears which were present in almost all drawings
were not noted Positive cognitions were reflected in terms of the growth and freshness e.g. the newly growing grass. In spite
of the various symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder, no gross disintegration of personality had been noted.
Il ricordo di un trauma recente differisce da quello di un trauma avvenuto in un passato più distante, poiché è ancora frammentato e disorganizzato e quindi non si è ancora integrato all’interno di un evento coerente, pertanto potrebbe non essere ancora generalizzato e rappresentato da un’immagine. Questo è il motivo per cui per il trattamento terapeutico di eventi traumatici avvenuti da alcune settimane, o forse anche da pochi mesi, sarà necessario ricorrere ad un protocollo specifico che pur preservando l’integrità delle 8 fasi del protocollo EMDR standard, sia in grado di approcciare l’evento all’interno di un resoconto.
In questo lavoro verrà descritto un protocollo, elaborato da Elan Shapiro e Brurit Laub per il trattamento dell’Episodio Traumatico Recente ( Recent Traumatic Episodi Protocol ; R-TEP), il quale approccia l’evento in termini di episodio intero (definito come il periodo che va dall’evento traumatico ad oggi) ed introduce una strategia per la scelta del target, da loro denominata “Google Search”. L’ipotesi è che l’assimilazione e l’integrazione dell’informazione traumatica avvenga ristabilendo la regolazione adattiva dell’attenzione; le relazioni parte/tutto si muovono attraverso catene associative nella direzione della differenziazione e integrazione puntando al completamento, nel senso dell’integrazione armonica delle esperienze negative e positive. L’elaborazione si muove da un ristretto focus sull’immagine (livello percettivo), ad un più ampio focus sull’evento /episodio (livello esperienziale), sino ad un focus esteso riferito al tema/identità (livello di significato).
Il completamento dell’elaborazione di un trauma recente potrà prevenire lo sviluppo di un PTSD, ristabilendo l’Elaborazione Adattiva dell’Informazione (AIP).
The memory of a recent trauma differs from that of a trauma occurred in a past more distant it is still fragmented and disorganized and therefore not yet integrated in a event consistent, so it may not yet be generalized and represented by an image. That is why for the treatment of traumatic events that occurred some weeks, or maybe even a few months, you must use a specific protocol that even preserving the integrity of the 8 phases of EMDR standard protocol, is able to approach the event within a report.
In this paper we describe a protocol, developed by Elan Shapiro and Laub Brurit for Traumatic handling of the episode recently (Traumatic Recent Episodes Protocol, R-TEP) which approaches the event in terms of the whole episode (defined as the period from event traumatic present) and introduces a strategy for choosing the target, which they called "Google Search. The hypothesis is that the assimilation and integration of information occurs traumatic adaptive re-establishing control of attention, relations part/whole move through associative chains in the direction of differentiation and integration aiming at completion, harmonious integration in the sense of positive and negative experiences. Processing moves by a narrow focus on the image (perceptual level), to a broader focus on the event/episode (experiential level), up to an expanded focus refers to theme / identity (level of meaning).
Completing the development of a recent trauma may prevent the development of PTSD, restoring the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP).
The panel reviews EMDR research, explains the strengths and weaknesses of its current status, and discusses possible future research in the next 5 to 10 years. The panel begins with a discussion of the meaning of “evidence-based” designations, and related legal and ethical implications. A review of EMDR’s efficacy in the treatment of PTSD also highlights areas for future research and issues related to deviations from the standard protocol. This is followed by an overview of preliminary research evaluating EMDR’s effectiveness in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, somatic disorders, pain, substance abuse, and offender behavior. A summary of past and current research in these areas indicates opportunities for important future research. The panel concludes with a summary of the research on the effects of eye movements, in disrupting traumatic memories, enhancing physiological de-arousal, and creating psychological distance. The relevance of these findings for various proposed mechanisms in EMDR is discussed, and future research is encouraged.
Erinnerungen an traumatische Ereignisse oder schmerzbezogene Erinnerungen, die
gegenwärtig noch negative Affekte hervorrufen und eine dysfunktionale Bedeutung haben,
kann man zuvor mit Hilfe des Standardprotokolls prozessieren. Dieses EMDR
Schmerzprotokoll wurde für aktuelle Schmerzen als Zielsymptom entwickelt. Die Zielsetzung
dieses Schmerzprotokolls besteht in der Reduktion aktueller Schmerzen.
Memories of traumatic events or pain-related memories,
currently still cause negative emotions and have a dysfunctional importance
before one can litigate with the standard protocol. The EMDR
Pain protocol was developed for current pain as a target symptom. The objective
Minutes of this pain is the reduction of current pain.
The subject of this paper is a woman with obsessive-compulsive disorder who had previously
worked as a nurse, and underwent EMDR treatment. She obsessively blamed herself, stating "The
patient might have died as a result of my mistake". Being convinced of her own guilt, she started
showing maladjustment, and subsequently quit working.
Her treatment showed modification that strayed from the regular course of standard EMDR
sessions due to the uniqueness of the target memories. In all EMDR sessions. she checked the
traumatic memories from first to last. The therapist had her visualize images of happiness from
her own experience and taught her a technique to suppress negative images. By expressing her
feelings in a protected clinical environment, she was able to recover the self-esteem.
Resource Development, EMDR is an addition to standard protocol. Procedure of each session to reveal the source of healing and therapy by the end of the beginning of a resource series covers the creation. Personal resources and the settlement to be found exactly matching procedure to the problem of uncovering the unconscious and strengthen cross-country skiing in both sessions, as well as in everyday life is to make accessible. There are three types of resource development: Historical Resource Development, Present and Future Development Resources Resources Development. Standard protocol problems, sensory, cognitive, emotional and somatic components are becoming a focus can be achieved. Personal Resources Development in the settlement, resources focus dialectic movement is intensified. Sources of development activity in recent years both in Israel and other EMDR therapists Brurit Laub'ın is observed in the practice. Procedures and video images live applications and small groups will be presented with applications that can be made, personal resources development and placement will be given immediately to the practice of protocol participants.
At the time a controlled study of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced in a peerreviewed
journal (Shapiro, 1989a) as a method for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only one other controlled
clinical outcome study of this disorder had been published (Peniston, 1986). The Peniston (1986) study compa.red 45 sessions
of relaxation and biofeedback-assisted desensitization to a non-treatment control and reported significant differences in muscle
tension and in unstandardized measures of nightmares and anxiety. In the same year as the Shapiro study, three other
controlled PTSD studies were published (Brom, Kleber, & Defares, 1989; Cooper & Clum, 1989; Keane, Fairklank, Caddell, &
Zimering, 1989). The Brom et al. (1989) study compared the results of psychodynamic therapy, hypnotherapy, and
desensitization based on a mean of 16 sessions. Equivalent (small to moderate) clinical treatment effects were obtained with all
three approaches in approximately 60% of the subjects as assessed by various measures. The Cooper and Clun? (1989) study
compared flooding to standard VA care and reported small clinical effects after 6-14 sessions, with a 30% partiicipant drop-out
rate. The Keane et al. (1989) study compared flooding to a wait-list control and reported small clinical effects after 14-16
sessions. In contrast to the preceding three studies, Shapiro (1989a) found very substantial treatment effects with EMDR (then
called 'EMD") after only one session.
This workshop will address the integration of EMDR into an overall treatment plan for adult incest and neglect in childhood have experienced.
The workshop is a deepening of the keynote of the conference. The methodology will be explained in detail and will be illustrated with video presentations and discussion of case studies.
Initially, explains how the development and bonding needs of the client can be investigated and how a meaningful descriptive diagnosis can be developed into an integrated, logical plan of treatment.
In this group of clients, where there is limited affect tolerance, vulnerability to hyper-and hypoarousal and dissociative characteristics, the standard EMDR protocol to be adapted to specific strategies. As will be discussed in detail.
Also, much attention is paid to the integration of EMDR specific techniques, such as various ego-enhancing protocols and resource installation (RDI) in all phases of treatment.
Will also discuss techniques that help clients to their dysfunctional defense mechanisms to let go, so changing schedules with their distinctive core ideas and possible kernaffecten
Participants in this workshop will learn to pathogenic emotional states (such as shame, despair, unbearable loneliness feelings), and fears "blocking beliefs", ego-state conflicts to recognize that the most effective and interweaves resource options can be applied.
Moreover, through strategies for recovery, such as clarifying responsibilities, establishing security and choice, and the process of mourning, desire and anger are discussed.
This article, condensed from Chapter 14 of A Guide to the Standard EMDR Protocols for Clinicians, Supervisors, and Consultants (Leeds, 2009), examines applying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to treating individuals with panic disorder (PD) and PD with agoraphobia (PDA). The literature on effective treatments for PD and PDA is reviewed focusing on cognitive and behavioral therapies, pharmacotherapy, and EMDR. Case reports and controlled studies of EMDR treatment of PD and PDA are examined for lessons to guide EMDR clinicians. Two model EMDR treatment plans are presented: one for cases of simple PD without agoraphobia or other co-occurring disorders and the other for cases of PDA or PD with co-occurring anxiety or Axis II disorders. A more extensive literature discussion, detailed treatment guidelines, and client education resources can be found in the original chapter.
Cet atelier d’une journée met l’accent sur l’intégration de l’EMDR à l’intérieur d’un plan thérapeutique. Nous aborderons l’utilisation d’EMDR pour traiter le Stress post-traumatique complexe, de même que d’autres syndromes cliniques d’origine traumatique, tels que le Trouble de personnalité limite et les Troubles
dissociatifs. Des modifications et/ou additions au protocole EMDR seront proposées afin de tenir compte des capacités limitées à tolérer les affects, des défenses rigides, de la sur-utilisation des stratégies d’évitement, des conflits entre les états du moi, des tendances à la dissociation ou des dérégulations émotionnelles
importantes.
Nous aborderons l’évaluation des aspects développementaux et des besoins d’attachement du client, l’établissement d’une bonne compréhension de la situation clinique et le développement d’un plan de traitement intégré avec des objectifs atteignables et réalisables. On portera plus particulièrement notre attention sur l’intégration de l’EMDR comme moyen de renforcer l’Ego et le développement des ressources au
cours des différentes étapes du traitement.
This full-day workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into an overall recovery plan. The use of EMDR in treating complex PTSD as well as other trauma-related syndromes such as borderline personality disorder and dissociative disorders will be addressed. In recognition of clients’ limited affect tolerance, rigid defenses,
overdeveloped avoidance patterns, ego state conflicts, dissociative tendencies, and extreme emotional dysregulation, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored.
Assessing the developmental and attachment needs of the client, establishing a useful case conceptualization, and developing an integrated treatment plan with achievable goals will be discussed. Considerable attention will be devoted to integrating EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment.
The use of EMDR is extremely helpful especially in the
treatment of very young children. The presentation will demonstrate
the work with both an acute and a complex traumatized
child of the age under 4 years. The acute traumatized child (6
month old) was traumatized by medical treatment that was vitally
necessary. After the stay in the clinic the child expressed symptoms
of PTSD. The child was treated in 4 sessions: in 2 of these
sessions the baby got EMDR treatment with trauma narratives.
The complex traumatized child is a boy now 4 years old. The
EMDR treatment started when he was 2,7 years. As a baby he
was physically extremely abused and showed strong symptoms.
The participants will see that even in such a young child affect
bridges turn up during the EMDR-Treatment. Memories which
were dissociated till that moment came back and could be processed.
Work with a continuous trauma narrative that is illustrated
by the therapist will be presented and later work with the child
adapted EMDR standard protocol. 8y these two cases participants
will learn more about trauma focused diagnostics, treatment
possibilities and treatment course in very young children and babies;
the presentation will be illustrated by video clips.
The most reasonabIe conclusion to be drawn from the extant literature is that EMDR is no more effective than standard treatments that rely on exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli and is almost certainly effective because it happens to incorporate such exposure. In the words of Harvard psychologist Richard McNally, "What is effective in EMDR is not new, and what is new is not effective." Importantly, controlled data do not support the use of EMDR for anxiety disorders other than PTSD (e.g., phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder), mood disorders, sexual disorders, eating disorders, or psychotic disorders, although it is commonly used to treat the symptoms of these and other conditions. (Excerpt)
EMDR wurde als ein Verfahren entwickelt, um belastende/traumatische Erinnerungen nachträglich zu verarbeiten/integrieren. Phase 4 des EMDR- Standardprotokolls, das sogenannte „Prozessieren“ hat hierbei eine zentrale Bedeutung, es ist ein spezifisches Kernstück in der EMDR-Behandlungstechnik.
Es handelt sich dabei um eine gezielt in Gang gesetzte besondere Form des assoziativen „Denkens“, (das neurobiologisch gesprochen ein „subkortikales Denken“ ist), welches an das Freie Assoziieren in der Psychoanalyse erinnert.
EMDR was developed as a method to integrate process stressful / traumatic memories later /. Phase 4 of the EMDR standard protocol, the so-called "litigation" has a central role here, there is a specific key instrument in the EMDR treatment technology.
This is a deliberately set in motion particular form of associative "thinking" (which is spoken a neurobiological "subcortical thinking"), which commemorates the free associating in psychoanalysis.
Based on this observation I would make the attempt, on the one hand against the background Psychotraumatological concepts of integration and the other along the dimension of psychoanalytic concepts of insight and change illustrate this phenomenon.
My working hypothesis is: The KH-views and treatment concepts of psychoanalysis and the neurobiological findings of psycho trauma are not incompatible in the focal point of change, he is now litigating or free association, faces some of the ways.
As a conclusion I'm going to answer the question, can be combined if and under what conditions the EMDR treatment technique of psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
The new protocol has been likened to the gears of a vehicle where on each speed a certain amount of work is done to deal with the trauma in a gradual fashion.
Speed zero deals with stabilization;
speed 1 deals with desensitizing future fears;
speed 2 touches upon desensitizing emotions or body sensations without touching on the actual trauma. At speed 3 the client works on early imprints (any issues from the age of birth to 3 years). Speed 4 deals with desensitizing present triggers and speed 5 deals with use of EMDR on past events. Helene will also be teaching how she also ingeniously uses LETTER WRITING(from the future or standard) with bilateral stimulation. The above protocol is useful even for dissociative or complex trauma clients
Helene has summarized her therapy by saying: “Different clients evolve at different speeds, as a function of many parameters that we often are not able to control as therapists. Our basic assumption is that clients go as fast as they can, given their particular situation.
If they slow down, it is because they have good enough reasons, whether conscious or not.
What we try to avoid is them slowing down because of the therapist. Our motto is to progress as fast as possible, as long as the road and the weather permit it, and go as slowly as necessary to keep the journey secure.”
“Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical
case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column
begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application
of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or
problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of
providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’
day-today
practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated
EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging
cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss
of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are
followed with a comprehensive discussion.
“Translating Research Into Practice“ is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of the study, followed by the clinician's description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists' day-to-day practices. In this issue's column, Lisa Bellecci-St. Romain references Engelhard et al.'s (2011) study examining the impact of eye movements on recurrent, intrusive visual images about potential future catastrophes-“flash-forwards.“ Illustrating the findings by Engelhard et al., Bellecci-St. Romain describes the successful use of the EMDR standard protocol in two cases-a woman fearful of returning to work even after past memories are cleared and a young man in early sobriety whose reprocessing of the past is interrupted by concerns of an imminent court appearance. The case examples are followed with a discussion of the importance of recognizing and targeting flash-forwards as present triggers in the three-pronged EMDR standard protocol.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
Patient Benefits, Risks, and Side Effects
Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
The co-occurrence of PTSD and of substance use disorder (SD) is known to
be very high. However the question of whether and how to treat such
patients remains largely unanswered in the EMDR community. We report on
two cases of EMDR-based treatment of heavily affected SD patients in whom
psychotraumatic antecedents were identified. EMDR sessions focused on
trauma-related material and not on the expression of cue-induced drug
craving. The treatment appeared to be a difficult and challenging endeavour.
However, some beneficial effects on general comfort and on drug consumption
could be observed. A long stabilisation phase was mandatory and the
standard EMDR protocol needed to be conducted with much flexibility.
Interestingly, there was no provocation of a prolonged psychological crisis or
of relapse. Experiencing of emotional stress could be limited to the sessions
and dissociation could be absorbed with specific well-known techniques
without permanently increasing drug craving. These observations are discussed
in relation to previously published concepts of using EMDR in the
field of trauma and substance abuse.
As a complement to the strategies already used in EMDR, drawing gives form to the inner representations of the trauma, objectivising it. Thus the person no longer relates only to something inside him/her, but rather to something he/she can see and can concretely represent and modify. In the act of drawing, the patient makes an initial reorganisation of the form of the trauma, and begins to differentiate the adaptive ego, which has the tools and the ability to restructure the experiences, and the traumatic emotional part that suffers those experiences in a condition of impotence and passivity. The person may rapidly access preverbal and motor-sensory language, activating inborn creative skills. The use of this tool enables us to access the traumatic material gently, limiting dissociative reactions, bypassing avoidance and flight behaviour and setting a distance from pain by objectivising it. A protective space is created between the self and the part that holds the suffering.
The patient is offered the possibility of drawing what is occurring in the self’s here and now, and given a choice of different graphic materials. At the end of the drawing and assessment phase the person is asked to note what has emerged, and a brief space of time may be allowed for description without interpretation. The represented image is treated as the inner image in the classic protocol. To start, the patient is asked to focus on the drawing, on the negative cognition and on the bodily location of the emotional disorder, while bilateral stimulation is applied. At the end of each set, the patient is asked what he/she has noticed and the therapist verifies where the person now is in the re-elaboration. If there is a change the person may either work on the drawing, modifying it, or, if the change of image is radical, may produce another drawing. After several sets, an adaptive drawing emerges that may be installed as a resource.
The workshop focuses on the treatment of two clinical conditions, complex PTSD and severe medical diseases, with the support of video and graphic materials. It includes a practical experience of the Technique
Learning objectives:
To learn the use of drawing as a supplementary tool, through graphic and video material of clinical cases.
To recognise the indications in which it provides added value to the classical protocol.
To learn its use in various psychopathological conditions, with particular emphasis on dissociative states and severe medical diseases.
The use of drawing as a supplementary tool within the EMDR protocol gives form to the inner representation of the trauma, objectivising it, and creates a bridge of communication between the self and the blocked parts, after which it will be possible to return to desensitising and re-elaboration with the standard protocol.
Das ressourcenintegrierende Protokoll stellt eine Möglichkeit der schonenden Annäherung an
die Traumabegegnung nach dem Standardprotokoll dar und ersetzt dieses in vielen Fällen so
lange, bis das explizite Zurückgreifen auf die Ressource immer weniger notwendig ist. Die
Anwendung ist auch bei Erfolgsblockaden möglich. Es kann auch für Klientinnen eingesetzt
werden, die zwar schon gute Ressourcen haben, wenn sie in die Behandlung kommen, aber
mit der EMDR-Methode wenig vertraut und eher ängstlich sind, waThe resource-integrated protocol provides a facility to the gentle approach
meeting after the trauma to the standard protocol and supersedes that in many cases so
until the explicit recourse is less and less necessary to the resource. The
Application is possible even if successful blockades. It can also be used for clients
be, although they have been good resources when they come into treatment, but
with the EMDR method unfamiliar and rather anxious are, what their own emotional tolerance
concernss ihre eigene Affekttoleranz
betrifft.
Therapists who respond to massive trauma find that some clients (i.e., people who escaped the WTC Towers, rescue workers, firefighters, and those who have lost family members) may be triggered into reexperiencing earlier traumas and may present with a dissociative disorder. Integration of EMDR and Ego State Therapy provides a safer approach. Unresolved trauma necessitates dealing with ego states that hold earlier memories/symptoms to prevent poor response to standard EMDR. This presentation emphasizes practical, safety focused innovations; planing for longer EMDR treatment; developing resources, stability and readiness; container and imagery exercises to help clients deal with triggering stressful situations. This workshop will provide handout and bibliography; case illustrations and slides of clients treated in the aftermath of disaster.
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can
be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress
Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period
following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress. The Emergency
Response Procedure is an adaptation of the Standard EMDR Protocol which was developed to deal with victims
of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Participants in this workshop will learn
the Emergency Response Procedure and its application to treating clients immediately after a trauma. Case
examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder with survivors of the
Tsunami in Thailand and with victims of terror and war. Learning Objectives:
• Within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid, to learn how to respond to clients in the
immediate aftermath of trauma utilizing ERP
• To apply ERP in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, prior to the
Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other time of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions
• To learn when and how to use ERP for patients exhibiting “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial
treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in an ambulance en route to medical facilities
• To understand how to utilize the Recent Events Protocol in the face of ongoing danger
• To understand EMDR methods that may be used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid
treatment
EMDR tends to work most efficiently and effectively when the core trauma is accessed and is targeted for reprocessing. The standard protocol of asking the client to recall the “first and worst” incident of a series of related traumas works effectively in tracking down a core trauma. When the original core has been identified, reprocessing tends to proceed smoothly and fluidly. There are times, however, when a client is mainly concerned with a present issue or experience and is unable or unwilling to explore earlier life experiences as per the standard protocol.
EMDR constitutes a valuable tool for couples
therapists when one or both partners are stuck in
repetitive, reactive cycles. This workshop describes
the circumstances in which EMDR is most likely to
be helpful in couples therapy. It examines the
benefits of EMDR through the lens of the repetition compulsion, with pariicular emphasis on common - and often intractable - impasses in in the treatment of couples. The origins of the repetition compulsion
in early failures of attunement are described, as in
the re-enactment of these experiences in the adult
couples relationship. Working with EMDR is nested
within the context of a resource-based approach to
couples therapy, emphasizing how emotional
reactivity and defensive withdrawal impede the
expression of empathy, trustworthiness, intimacy and repair in the couples relationship. Different formats for conducting EMDR (separately with one partner; separately with both partners; conjointly with both partners; or adjunctively with another therapist) are
presented, along with indicators, advantages and
disadvantages of each format. Special
considerations (such as when to introduce EMDR,
balancing alliances, sequencing sessions and
instructions to an observing partner) and
modifications of the standard protocol when EMDR
is used in the context of couples treatment are also
clarified. Finally, circumstances in which EMDR
is unlikely to be helpful or in which it is contraindicated are examined.
EMDR can help couples in therapy when one or both partners experience distress which creates obstacles or impasses in treatment. The benetits of EMDR are
examined through the lens of the repetition compulsion and nested within a
resource~based approach to couples therapy (fostering attunement, trustworthness
and vitality). Different formats for conducting EMDR (conjointly, separarely, and
adjunctively) are presented along with their indicators, advantages and disavantages.
Special considerations (such as, when to introduce EMDR, balancing alliances, sequencing sessions and instructions to an observing partner) and modifications the standard protocol are clarified. Contraindications for EMDR in couples therapy are also examined.
The workshop on Emergency EMDR will give an overview of crisis intervention and principles of critical incident debriefing following man made and natural disasters. There will be a review of the Neurobiology of Stress and PTSD. The various protocols of EMDR will be discussed such as the standard Protocol, the Recent Events Protocol and the group protocol. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), that can be used within hours of a traumatic Incident, will be discussed with case examples demonstrating its usefulness in many cases of Acute Stress Reaction and Disorder. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. All of this will be discussed with case examples of victims treated after terrorist attacks and war in Israel and after the Tsunami in 2004. There will be a practicum on Group EMDR.
The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was initially developed to help victims within hours of a terrorist attack, but can be applied in the immediate aftermath of any trauma. Patients may present with "silent terror," shaking and inability to speak, or if they are verbal, often they are in a highly agitated state. The procedure has been used in the emergency room and during hospitalization. It is also appropriate for immediate intervention at the scene of critical incidents such as car accidents, earthquakes, natural or man-made disasters, and in ambulances. While taking an initial history, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR, ERP can be put into effect if patients suddenly abreact. This procedure presumes familiarity with the Standard EMDR Protocol of which it is an adaptation. Clinicians highly experienced in dealing with patients immediately after a traumatic event—who are not familiar with EMDR—will still benefit from this report. Note: This procedure has not received official sanctioning from the EMDR Institute and has not been validated by research. This procedure can only be considered after all medical needs have been evaluated or treated. The Emergency Response Procedure Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
vidence Based Practice is the new standard in the field. However, the evidence base regarding trauma treatments for children, particularly young children, is in the early stages of it's evolution.
Recent research related to the neurobiology of trauma, implicit and explicit memory systems and the impact of these dynamics on trauma treatment will be discussed. Treatments with a large evidence base, such as TF-CBT and EMDR will be discussed with a view to how many of the treatment goals can be accomplished and more easily digested by children through the vehicle of play. It is critical that practitioners who serve traumatized children be able to match interventions to treatment goals and symptomatology. Specific play therapy interventions will be tied to treatment goals in an effort to help practitioners expand their repertoires with child-friendly interventions based on the latest research.
The treatment areas covered in this workshop will include helping the client to
1) re-establish a sense of safety and security,
2) learn and practice stress inoculation strategies,
3) identify and confront faulty attributions related to the trauma,
4) restructure distorted cognitions related to the trauma and
5) create a trauma narrative.
Several play therapy interventions will be explained and demonstrated for each of the aforementioned gaols. Children accomplish the hard work of healing from trauma in a gentle, fun and safe treatment milieu. Case vignettes, slides and video clips will augment the didactic presentation. Experiential methods will also be used. Participants should come prepared to play!
Every major healthcare, social and behavioral science, education, and human services discipline and sub-specialty now includes trauma/posttraumatic stress disorder as a focal topic for researchers, educators, and practitioners. The Encyclopedia of Psychological Trauma is the only authoritative reference on the scientific evidence, clinical practice guidelines, and social issues addressed within the field of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. Edited by the leading experts in the field, mental health practitioners will turn to this resource for complete coverage of evidence-based and standard treatments and topics as well as controversial topics including EMDR, virtual reality therapy, and much more.
The field of positive psychology is emerging as a specialty area within psychology. As such, it has much to offer us
as clinicians and those of us who have been involved in peak performance work. This workshop provides the
participants with immediately usable techniques that can enhance their existing resource work with clients.
There is a well established empirical basis for the efficacy of the techniques presented, very much in keeping with
EMDR’s scientific roots. This workshop is the first effort (originally conducted in 2003 at the EMDRIA Conference)
20
to integrate into EMDR Peak Performance work specific techniques from positive psychology, the emerging
science of happiness and excellence and strengths such as courage. The presenter will explain how the EMDR
Peak Performance protocol (which she co-created) is based on the standard EMDR protocol with three
modifications: the Future is emphasized; resource development is oriented toward empowerment and
possibility; and skills are taught to help clients reach optimal functioning. While the ‘Peak’ protocol already had
self-actualization as its goal, its efficacy is enhanced by integrating the positive psychology techniques of using:
positive emotions in the performance venue of importance to the client; the Appreciative Inquiry method for
envisioning the future and for performance improvement; and optimistic explanatory style. Given time
constraints, it is not possible to fully prepare participants to use the Peak Performance protocol. However, in an
interactive format that includes a mini practicum, participants will be able to:
1-describe the key differences between the Peak and basic protocols,
2-help clients develop ‘Peak’ resources,
3-begin to establish an empowerment stance with clients, 4-summarize the benefits of teaching clients basic positive psychology concepts,
5-pursue further learning from the extensive positive psychology bibliography
When she first heard about EMDR, and the CWMS about its high success rate with agoraphobics, I thought, 'Yeah,
right-I just roll my eyeballs around and suddenly I'm
cured!" That this trendy, new technique could end almost
20 years of paralyzing fear and dread seemed doubtful,
to put it mildly. I'd already experienced enough standard,
name-brand therapies and assorted snake-oil cures to
become a one-woman encyclopedia of clinical failures.
So my cynicism about this latest entry in the cure-all
sweepstakes was almost, almost as great as my desperation
to try anything once. Desperation won out by a hair.
Nothing, I thought, not even putting myself through the
paces of another half-baked new fad, could be as bad
as what I was going through now, and what I had been
through, off and on, for the last 18years of my life.
Research has produced few studies that support the 50-minute therapy session as the most effective session length for achieving optimal therapeutic results. This descriptive study attempted to determine differences in therapists' perceptions of how session length might impact therapeutic process, therapeutic outcome, treatment of specific psychological disorders, and if session length preference was based on theoretical orientation or procedures/techniques. A total of 65 practicing therapists drawn from the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, EMDR International Association, Trauma Incident Reduction Practitioners, San Francisco Society of Lacanian Study, and California Psychological Network completed questionnaires regarding their perceptions about psychotherapy for individuals employing longer session lengths versus the standard 50-minute session.Overall frequencies of questionnaire responses and between groups comparisons were analyzed using Chi-Square. The sample endorsed the use of longer sessions at statistically significant frequencies on the following questionnaire items: three therapeutic outcome items: Increases client's satisfaction, Shortens overall duration of therapy, and Facilitates corrective emotional experience; and nine therapeutic process items: Access to client's emotional material, Integration of experience before leaving session, Deepens development of transference, Working through defenses, Access to traumatic experiences, Integrate traumatic experience within session, Working through traumatic experience, and Improving likelihood of breakthrough experiences. The sample also agreed on the use of longer sessions as potentially contributing to positive outcome for treatment of the following disorders: Substance Abuse, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Specific Phobia, Social Phobia, PTSD, GAD, and Eating Disorders. The findings of this study suggest that longer session lengths may have a positive impact on therapeutic process, therapeutic outcome, and certain disorders. Specific implications for the field of psychology and suggestions for research are discussed. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(12-B), 2005, pp. 6680.
10 patients suffering from PTSD following a severe traumatic event, were assessed with event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in a modified oddball paradigm containing auditory standard, target, and novel tones. ERPs were assessed before and after a treatment session using the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method. Compared to a control group that underwent sham treatment, ERPs of the patients showed a reduction of the P3a component in the post-treatment recording, suggesting a reduced orienting to novel stimuli and reduced arousal level after the treatment. Moreover, psychometric assessment revealed a marked improvement of the PTSD symptoms after treatment. [Author Abstract]
There have been over five “gold standard” studies supporting the importance of routine
measurement of outcome in clinical practice. However, no measures that take more than 5
minutes would appeal to clinicians. The Outcome Rating Scale (ORS or Child ORS) and the
Session Rating Scale (SRS or Child SRS) are both four-item measures developed to track
outcome and the therapeutic alliance, respectively. The measures have been tested and
correlated to other reputable measures for their robust reliability, validity and most
importantly feasibility. In addition, these measures are a clinical tool for the EMDR
practitioner as, it takes under a minute to score and, it helps to focus each session on what
is relevant for the client; giving us the opportunity to tailor and pace the protocol to a
better” fit” for each particular client; offering us a chance to improve our drop out rates.
Learning points:
1) Updated research information on the importance of using client’s feedback in
everyday practice;
2) Introduction of brief measures that can have immediate application in your EMDR
practice.
3) Learn about a system that can help you learn about and increase your
effectiveness as a therapist in comparison to a normative data of thousands of
practitioners.
4) How to download for free and to use routine outcome measures to monitor the
quality of the therapeutic relationship and to inform the fit between the EMDR
and the clients’ perceptions.
Research on psychotherapy with children is generally underrepresented in the empirical literature.
Currently, there are four randomized clinical trials (RCT) evaluating EMDR in individual psychotherapy
with traumatized children—two for children diagnosed with PTSD and two for children presenting with
symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Since the first case studies of EMDR with children were published in
1993, 19 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria for this review. The gold standards identified by Foa and Meadows (1997) to assess the methodology of studies designed to treat trauma were
applied to the research on EMDR with children. This analysis discusses the challenges to conducting
research on psychotherapy with children including the debate regarding the assessment and diagnosis of
PTSD in children. Recommendations for future studies designed with methodological rigor are suggested
to investigate the efficacy of EMDR with children who have experienced trauma and other mental health
symptoms and diagnoses.
This study utilized single session EMDR (Shapiro, 1995, 2002) and the Experiential Approach to Couples Treatment (EXACT method) to target substance abuse related trauma in non-dependent partners (NDPs) of former substance abusers. Chemical dependent partners (CDPs) received simultaneous experiential treatment. Treatment effects and maintenance of treatment between experimental and wait-list control groups were examined for trauma reduction, commitment to sobriety, and emotional intimacy. Correlations among intimacy, emotional quality, between and commitment to sobriety were examined. Meta-analyses informed the literature review and described the gold standards (Foa & Meadows, 1997) which were used to rate controlled research. The Emogram (Priesmeyer, Knickerbocker, Comstock, & Mudge, 2001) was used for pre-posttest comparisons. This study met the gold standards at a rating of seven (RGS = 7.0). The sample consisted of 12 couples (N = 24) drawn from adult volunteers who met screening criteria. Data was analyzed using within subjects multivariate analyses of variance with repeated measures, and Pearson product-moment correlations. Trauma-related symptoms were significantly reduced for NDPs. Commitment to sobriety was measured by anxiety and depression symptoms which were significantly reduced for chemical dependent partners (CDPs). Trauma, anxiety, and depression reductions were maintained for all participants at follow-up. Maintenance of gains in commitment to sobriety and in emotional intimacy for CDPs failed to reject the null hypotheses. Measures of Self Disclosure, Love and Affection, and Personal Validation were significantly correlated, but were not significantly correlated to Trust or to Emotional Quality. No significant relationship was found between Emotional Quality and Commitment to Sobriety or between Emotional Quality and Emotional Intimacy for CDPs. Conclusions include that a single session of the treatment was efficacious for trauma, anxiety, and depression reduction and for increased commitment to sobriety and intimacy. Treatment gains for trauma, anxiety, and depression reduction were maintained. Commitment to sobriety and emotional intimacy gains tended to be maintained but were not significant. Intimacy measures tended to be related to each other, but relationships among other measures were not significant. Recommendations include larger sample sizes, additional variables of study, and lengthening follow-ups. Comparative treatment methods are recommended. Future research should include families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 66(4-A), 2005, pp. 1282.
The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the effects of EMDR
on state and trait anxiety and anger levels associated with developmental
traumas of sexual offenders in outpatient sex offender treatment. A
qualitative component explored the participants' perceptions of their
therapy experiences as helpful in resolving problematic reactive behaviors
linked with the developmental traumas and other negative life experiences.
The male participants ranged in age from 20 to 49 and were self-selected
from a purposive sample of clients receiving treatment in an outpatient sex
offender program in Southwest Florida. From this sample group, N = 17, the
study participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment
modalities, EMDR or CBT. This exploratory study utilized a
quasi-experimental, mixed methods format to analyze the effects of EMDR on
state/trait anxiety and anger levels. The study utilized both quantitative
and qualitative research strategies to acquire what Webster and Marshall
(2004) described as "the clearest, fullest picture of behavior" (p. 118).
The quantitative analysis of data obtained from the pre and post-testing
found no significant differences between the treatment groups in reducing
state/trait anxiety and anger levels. The analysis of the qualitative
interview data revealed four core themes: Treatment Efficacy, Emotional
Processing, Therapeutic Alliance, and Empowerment. The emergent themes of
emotional processing and the therapeutic alliance have not been fully
explored in sex offender therapy and may warrant further scrutiny.
Additionally, processing of developmental traumas and past victimization has
been avoided or minimized in standard cognitive-behavioral sex offender
treatment contrary to more recent research findings that identify attachment
problems and intimacy deficits as key dynamic risk factors associated with
sexual recidivism (Adams, 2003). The field of sex offender therapy may
benefit from future research that investigates the role of trauma resolution
in mitigating dynamic risk factors that are linked with recidivistic sexual
violence. EMDR may serve as an adjunctive therapy to assist sexual offenders
to effectively process developmental wounds and in so doing target dynamic
risk factors by improving their ability to emotionally self-regulate and
enhance their ability to more fully experience victim empathy and improve
interpersonal relationships. Future sex offender research may benefit from
more expanded investigations of EMDR and other limbic therapies. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 68(10-B), 2008, pp. 6951.
Several psychosocial treatments appear to be effective in treating
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about
the predictors of treatment outcome. It is possible that some variables
predict poor outcome for some treatments but not for others.
To investigate this issue, outcome predictors were examined for
three 8-session treatments: Exposure therapy (entailing prolonged
imaginal and in vivo exposure), relaxation training, and eye movement
desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Sixty people with
PTSD entered and 45 completed treatment. To our knowledge, ours
was the first EMDR study to meet all the Foa and Meadows Gold
Standards for methodologically sound outcome research.
Treatments did not differ in attrition or perceived credibility.
Predictors of treatment outcome in PTSD:
While psychological treatments for PTSD have developed considerably
in recent years, large variation in individual treatment response
is apparent. This symposium integrates research from the USA,
Canada, and Australia to examine the impact of personal characteristics,
childhood abuse history, and treatment setting as predictors
of response to cognitive behavioral interventions.
PTSD treatment outcome predictors: Exposure therapy, EMDR and relaxation: Exposure tended to be most effective, and EMDR and relaxation
did not differ in efficacy. Low patient ratings of treatment credibility
(assessed in session 2) predicted treatment dropout, regardless of
treatment type. Of the potential outcome predictors examined,
severe reexperiencing symptoms (assessed prior to treatment) predicted
poor outcome for relaxation training but not for the other
therapies. The best predictor of treatment outcome was whether or
not patients received exposure therapy.
Some clients may be able to talk about their trauma; however, the thought of processing it with the Standard EMDR Protocol may seem too overwhelming. In cases such as these, having the client develop a resource to address the "fear of the fear" may reduce the anxiety of reprocessing the traumatic memory. The Wedging Technique Script is provided. (PsycINFO Database]
Five consecutive cases of phantom limb pain were treated with EMDR. The time since the amputation ranged from one week to three years. Four of the five clients completed the prescribed treatment and reported that pain was completely eliminated, or reduced to a negligible level. The one client who stopped treatment chose to do so after reducing his pain by one half. The standard EMDR treatment protocol was used to target the accident that caused the amputation, and other related events. The five cases are described in detail. The treatment and theoretical implications are explored and recommendations are made for future research.
This article reviews existing Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) literature concerning its effectiveness, theory, mechanism, and procedural aspects in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Evidence from randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses indicates that EMDR is as effective as well established treatments such as exposure and cognitive behavior therapy. And moreover, EMDR may be more efficient in terms of unnecessary homework assignment and fewer treatment sessions. The current status of EMDR occupies one of legitimate and standard psychotherapeutic approaches in adult PTSD treatment. Mechanism for treatment efficacy is poorly understood at present and putative at most, however, there is a growing body of literature on neurobiological change after successful EMDR treatment.
This book serves several functions. First, it provides an introduction to a trauma-based integrative approach to child and adolescent psychotherapy, incorporating the selective use of EMDR. It also provides a practical reference for clinicians seeking both theoretical and technical guidance on how to use EMDR with children and adolescents, and it serves as a documented standard of care for training and research purposes. [Text, p. xxvi] [Pilots]
Backgroound: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is becoming a recognized and accepted form of psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, its mechanism of action remains unclear and much controversy exists about whether eye movements or other forms of bilateral kinesthetic stimulation contribute to its clinical effects beyond the exposure elements of the procedure. Methods: Twenty-one patients with single-event PTSD (average Impact of Event Scale score: 49.5) received three consecutive sessions of EMDR with three different types of auditory and kinesthetic stimulation (tones and vibrations): intermittent alternating right-left (as commonly used with the standard EMDR protocol), intermittent simultaneous bilateral, and continuous bilateral. Therapists were blinded to the type of stimulation they delivered, and stimulation type assignment was randomized and counterbalanced. Results: All three stimulation types resulted in clinically significant reductions of subjective units of distress (SUD). Yet, alternating stimulation resulted in faster reductions of SUD when only sessions starting with a new target memory were considered. Conclusions: There are clinically significant effects of the EMDR procedure that appear to be independent of the nature of the kinesthetic stimulation used. However, alternating stimulation may confer an additional benefit to the EMDR procedure that deserves attention in future studies.
This article describes the treatment of PTSD using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with four pre-adolescent children. EMDR has been shown to bring rapid relief in adults with PTSD. Studies are beginning to show that it can also be useful in work with young children. However, the standard protocol requires some adjustment to make it suitable for use with young children. In addition, in situations where children have complex difficulties in addition to PTSD, EMDR may need to be used alongside other interventions within a complex treatment package. This study describes brief work carried out with four pre-adolescent children with PTSD. Three of these children had received no treatment despite suffering from significant and chronic symptoms for some years. One had suffered a recent traumatic bereavement. All had additional problems that required intervention. EMDR was used as part of a multimodal treatment package. In all cases, the children's PTSD symptoms resolved within 2-4 sessions of EMDR. The maximum total number of sessions was 7. The children's symptomatic improvements were maintained at 6-month follow-up. EMDR can be adapted for use with pre-adolescent children. It can provide rapid and lasting symptomatic relief. EMDR can be a useful part of a multi-modal treatment package for young children with PTSD and additional mental health problems. [Author Abstract]
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed
by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and
related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam
veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks,
ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional
outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them.
Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety of disorders-
phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder
(Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first
EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work,
beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly
sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several
different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and
accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR
speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds
in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition,
and improves overall athletic performance.
This document presents an individual case study focusing on the qualitative application of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to PTSD in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. Theoretical, empirical and clinical descriptions of PTSD and EMDR are presented in order to understand childhood psychological trauma and its treatment. Further, an explanation of childhood psychic trauma is presented to distinguish between single event trauma (Type I Trauma) and multiple exposure to psychologically overwhelming events (Type II Trauma) as defined by Lenore Terr. Child abuse and specifically sexual abuse is described as an example of a Type II trauma that is closely related to the development of post-traumatic symptoms and reactions. EMDR is selected as the main cognitive behavioral treatment to help reduce PTSD symptoms in an 11-year-old male who has witnessed and experienced numerous interpersonal stressor related traumatic events.A clinical review of the child's EMDR focused treatment is summarized in a total of twenty-five sessions that follow Shapiro's EMDR 8-Step Treatment Model. Qualitative changes to the standard adult EMDR protocol made by the treating therapist are presented to illustrate how EMDR can be modified and adapted to work with latency age children. The results of the study suggest that EMDR may be a useful adjunct to an overall treatment plan aimed at ameliorating the traumatic symptoms and developmental difficulties associated with PTSD in children. The author emphasizes the need for the clinician using EMDR with children and adults to constantly target and assess the impact of present stressors and their role in the maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(1-B), Jul 1998, pp. 0438.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization (EMD) for the relief of pain, fatigue and anxiety and depression in fibromyalgia patients. Six Caucasian female patients (mean age=43.2 yr) participated in two treatment sessions. Outcome assessments included the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Fatigue Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory. In-session process measures included thermal biofeedback monitoring and subjective units of discomfort ratings of pain, stress, and fatigue. Four out of six subjects were considered treatment responders. Thermal biofeedback monitoring revealed an average increase in hand temperature of 5.4 degrees indicating a relaxation effect. At treatment termination, average scores decreased on the measures of anxiety (28.6%), depression (29.9%), fibromyalgia impact (12.6%), and fatigue (11.5%). At the 3-month follow-up assessment, total reductions in average scores from pre-treatment baseline reflected further improvements on measures of anxiety (45.8%), depression (31.6%), fibromyalgia impact (19.2%), and fatigue (26.7%). Because EMD produced a somewhat automatic relaxation response with minimal patient participation, it may be especially useful when standard relaxation techniques fail.
40 college students suffering from public speaking anxiety and having experienced a specific traumatic speech-related event were exposed to either a standard EMD protocol with eye movements; a moving audio stimulus in place of the eye movements; a protocol with eyes resting on the hands in place of the eye movement, or a no-treatment control condition. The results revealed that EMD is comparable in limited effectiveness to the other procedures and that the eye movements are not a crucial component of the treatment with this population. [Author Abstract]
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and
related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam
veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks,
ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional
outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them.
Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety ofdisorders-
phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder
(Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first
EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work,
beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly
sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several
different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and
accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR
speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds
in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition,
and improves overall athletic performance.
23 PTSD subjects were exposed to either: (1) standard eye movement desensitization (EMD), (2) a variant of EMD in which eye movements were engendered through a light tracking task, or (3) a variant of EMD in which fixed visual attention replaced eye movements. All three interventions produced significant positive changes in all dependent measures and these changes were maintained at follow-up. No significant differences between groups were observed. It was concluded that the eye movements peculiar to EMD are not essential to treatment outcome. The implications of the present findings and previous reports are discussed and recommendations for future research provided. [Author Summary]
It is hypothesized that eye movements used in EMDR practice influence both memory and emotional state, some laboratory studies provide evidence for such influence (Christman et al, 2003, Neurobiology; Barrowcliff et al., J. Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 2004). From a neurophysiological point of view, it is also interesting to examine to what extent some eye movement parameters may be modulated by memory and emotions. For instance, it is well established that memory driven saccades in simplified laboratory tests, present different characteristics (longer preparation time, lower accuracy, lower velocity) than visually guided movement. During EMDR the eye movements (mostly pursuit) are elicited externally by the therapist, yet at the same time the patient is in touch mentally with the traumatic image and related negative emotions. The physiology of such movements might be different and this could be explored with specific studies. Another important issue is to what extent movements of the eyes are helpful in coding and retrieving visual images. Accordingly to scanpath theory, eye movements are cognitively driven by sensory and motor representation; repetitive eye movements to the same area of an image are attributed to checking if the image corresponds to what the observer imagines (Noton & Stack, 1971; Brandt & Stark, 1997). Future laboratory research could bring together such theories and EMDR psychotherapy, e.g., by examining spontaneous eye movements related to negative image.
In this conference, we will present preliminary data from a laboratory study on eye movement patterns during the Roschach test. Eight healthy students conducted the experiment. Seated in front of a computer screen, subjects were equipped with a binocular video eye tracker (Chronos) sampling eye position images from each eye every 4 msec. Instantaneous eye position data were stored on a computer and analyzed afterwards with laboratory software. Each are of the Roschach test was presented for 30 sec., after which, the experimenter (a psychologist) recorded the response given by the subject.
Analysis of eye movement patterns were examined in relation to subjective verbal reports.
Results: The first question asked was to what extent the eye movement pattern reflected the imaged projected by the subject or by the visual properties of the Rorschach image itself. To gain some insight, we concentrated on the cards for which our subjected gave no standard responses, thus very different from one subject to the other (e.g., card IX). Eye movement exploration (the surface of the image explored, its patiaol composition e.g. the resprctive proportion of horizontal versus vertical movements) was correlated with the verbal report and the specific mental imagery (larger surface, multiple focusing points when several personages or objects were imaged). This provides evident for top-down influence; the eyes are exploring the projective interpretative image; repetitive movements back and forth to same points which help in turn consolidate this mental imagery.
Psychological analysis of eye movements (saccades and fixation) was also made. Saccades are found to be as fast as when looking reflexively to single visual targets; during fixations, however, between saccades, the eyes were more instable, particularly the visual uses were crossing at different depths from one fixation to another. Further ongoing analysis will correlate fixation duration and depth instability to spatial and emotional content of the subjective report.
A novel approach is described for the treatment of PTSD. Eye-movement desensitisation (EMD) requires the patient to generate images of the trauma in the mind and define physiological and emotional arousal states. While concentrating on these states, lateral multisaccardic eye movements are induced. Ten consecutive cases are reported who presented with symptoms originating from a range of traumas. The effectiveness of EMD in reducing symptoms outlined by DSM-III-R is described. An independent rater indicated that eight of the ten cases showed considerable improvement in the PTSD symptoms following EMD, which was maintained at follow-up. Particular reference is given to the 'specificity' of EMD in treating symptoms and the changing pattern of effect at follow-up. [Author Abstract]
Nesta oficina devemos trabalhar a dimensão transgeracional da composição dos Estados de Ego e discutir possíveis implicações para teoria e prática do EMDR, destacando-se os desafios de constituição do sujeito, composição de cognições existenciais e ajustes do protocolo clássico para abordagem dessa complexidade interior do indivíduo com composição egóica múltipla. Palavras-chave: estados de ego; crenças existenciais; constituição do sujeito; protocolo clássico.
In this workshop we work transgenerational dimension to the composition of Ego States and possible implications for theory and practice of EMDR, highlighting the challenges of subject constitution, composition and existential cognitions adjustments classic protocol to address this complexity within the individual composition with multiple ego.
Substance and behavioral addictions such as gambling compulsions, sex addictions, and smoking have been
notoriously resistant to treatment. The Feeling-State Theory (FST) of Addiction presents a new understanding
of the etiology of addiction. FST hypothesizes that addictions are caused by a fixation of a positive feeling event.
Afterwards, whenever the person wants to feel that feel-good feeling, the link with that particular behavior is
triggered. With this new understanding of addictive behavior, the Feeling-State Addiction Protocol (FSAP) uses
a modified form of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR) to break the fixation, resulting in a complete resolution
of behavioral addictions and the elimination of the urges and cravings of substance addictions, usually within 4
to 5 sessions. The resolution for behavioral addictions is so complete that, for example, a gambler can actually
return to gambling without activating the compulsion. The presentation will explicate the FST hypothesis, present
research data, case histories, and describe the process of utilizing the FSAP. (Introductory – 75% EMDR)
Learning objectives:
• Participants will be able to explain the Feeling-State Theory of Behavioral and Substance Addiction and the
underlying etiology of addictions as understood by this approach.
• Participants will be able to name 3 differences between the standard EMDR protocol and the Feeling-State
Addictions Protocol.
• Participants will be able to name the 3 sets of beliefs targeted for comprehensive treatment using the FSAP
within the EMDR protocol.
• Participants will be able to explain how to use the FSAP for both behavioral and substance addictions.
Substance and behavioral addictions such as gambling compulsions, sex addictions, and smoking have been
notoriously resistant to treatment. The Feeling-State Theory (FST) of Addiction presents a new understanding
of the etiology of addiction. FST hypothesizes that addictions are caused by a fixation of a positive feeling event.
Afterwards, whenever the person wants to feel that feel-good feeling, the link with that particular behavior is
triggered. With this new understanding of addictive behavior, the Feeling-State Addiction Protocol (FSAP) uses
a modified form of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR) to break the fixation, resulting in a complete resolution
of behavioral addictions and the elimination of the urges and cravings of substance addictions, usually within 4
to 5 sessions. The resolution for behavioral addictions is so complete that, for example, a gambler can actually
return to gambling without activating the compulsion. The presentation will explicate the FST hypothesis, present
research data, case histories, and describe the process of utilizing the FSAP. (Introductory – 75% EMDR)
Learning objectives:
• Participants will be able to explain the Feeling-State Theory of Behavioral and Substance Addiction and the
underlying etiology of addictions as understood by this approach.
• Participants will be able to name 3 differences between the standard EMDR protocol and the Feeling-State
Addictions Protocol.
• Participants will be able to name the 3 sets of beliefs targeted for comprehensive treatment using the FSAP
within the EMDR protocol.
• Participants will be able to explain how to use the FSAP for both behavioral and substance addictions.
The standard EMDR protocol calls for targeting the past origins of a disturbance, present day triggers and creating templates for appropriate behavior in the future (Shapiro, 1995). Some clients, however, may have difficulty connecting their current problems to past events. Similarly, other clients may have difficulty creating positive future templates, especially if the client is anxious about trying new behavior. For these problems the Floatback and Float-forward Techniques, developed by the EMDR Institute Trainer, William Zangwill, Ph.D., are effective methods for linking past, present and future in a clinical setting and providing the therapist with tools for competently addressing both of these issues.
El protocolo estándar de EMDR requiere enfocar los orígenes de la perturbación, los gatillos del presente y crear un patrón de conductas adecuadas para el futuro (Shapiro). Algunos pacientes, sin embargo pueden tener dificultades para conectar su problema actual con acontecimientos del pasado. Así también, otros pacientes pueden tener dificultades para crear patrones positivos para el futuro, especialmente si ensayar conductas nuevas los pone ansiosos. Para estos problemas las técnicas de "Flotar hacia atrás" y "Flotar hacia delante" desarrolladas por William Zangwill Ph. D., entrenador del Instituto EMDR, son métodos efectivos para ligar el pasado, presente y futuro en un ámbito terapéutico y proveen al terapeuta de instrumentos para abordar eficientemente ambos temas.
LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA ATRÁS
Abordar recuerdos tempranos asociados con el material perturbador es fundamental para EMDR. Shapiro dice que ayudar al paciente a encontrar un recuerdo temprano "debe ser una de las primeras opciones que debe considerar al terapeuta..." (Shapiro, 1995). La Técnica de Flotar hacia atrás es un camino eficiente y poderoso para llegar a esta meta, permitiendo al terapeuta asistir al paciente a llevar a cabo sus propias asociaciones con acontecimientos del pasado. Su uso es muy apropiado cuando el terapeuta sospecha que una perturbación que el paciente experimenta en el presente, tiene sus raíces en experiencias del pasado; especialmente cuando preguntas como "Cuál es su recuerdo más temprano en relación a lo que se siente ahora? no ha tenido éxito en ayudar al paciente a conectar con eventos del pasado. También cuando un paciente presenta un tema o experiencia recurrente, la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es ideal para ayudar al paciente a identificar un target para el reprocesamiento. Muchos pacientes se ponen en contacto con los problemas actuales con relativa facilidad. Por ejemplo, una paciente que se queja que se siente abandonada cuando su marido se va de viaje de negocios, probablemente pueda recordar sus problemas actuales con facilidad. Entonces el terapeuta puede aplicar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás para ayudarle a la paciente a recordar un acontecimiento del pasado con rapidez y eficiencia.
Para usar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, arme el protocolo con el problema actual, utilizando los pasos que figuran en el Manual de Entrenamiento del Nivel I y del Nivel II (Shapiro, 1994) incluyendo la imagen, la cognición negativa (CN), la cognición positiva (CP), la validación de la cognición (VoC), emociones, Unidad Subjetiva de Perturbación (SUD) y sensación corporal. Sin embargo, no incide todavía el procesamiento (es decir, movimientos oculares u otra estimulación). En vez de eso, diga a su paciente: "Fíjese en la imagen de... y esas palabras (repita la imagen perturbadora del paciente y su cognición negativa), fíjese que emociones le vienen y donde las siente en el cuerpo. Ahora cierre los ojos y deje que su mente flote hacia atrás a un período anterior en su vida, no busque, simplemente deje que su mente flote a una época donde usted pensaba cosas similares... (repita las emociones que dijo el paciente) en ...(repita los lugares del cuerpo donde el paciente sintió las sensaciones). Cuando esté listo abra los ojos y dígame lo primero que le viene a la mente".
Utilice esta experiencia más temprana como target, completando todos los items del protocolo: imagen, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD y ubicación de las sensaciones corporales y comience a procesar con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral. Una vez que se ha procesado este material, vuelva al target original del material actual. Muy a menudo se generaliza el trabajo realizado sobre el material más temprano y ya no hace falta procesar el material actual.
Es importante usar términos generales cuando se le dan al paciente las instrucciones de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, es decir, pedir un recuerdo temprano y no el más temprano. Hay varias razones que avalan esto. Primero, muchas veces es el peor recuerdo y no el primero que funciona como el mejor target para el reprocesamiento,. Además, usar términos generales es una ayuda para los pacientes más compulsivos y perfeccionistas que de otra manera estarían demasiado preocupados en no equivocarse y encontrar exactamente la primera asociación. Finalmente, la flexibilidad que permite la utilización de términos generales más que términos específicos aumenta la posibilidad de éxito del paciente de conectarse con el pasado que es la meta de esta técnica.
El rasgo esencial de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es usar las preguntas del protocolo para conectar los problemas del presente con eventos del pasado. Pasar las preguntas como fueron desarrolladas por Shapiro es un potente método para ayudar a los pacientes a sintonizar con todos los aspectos de su experiencia del problema. El material perturbador se vuelve más vívido y actual para el paciente y posibilita recordar experiencias similares. Se supone, como hipótesis, que al haber desarrollado el protocolo con todas las preguntas sobre el problema actual, estimula la red neuronal de asociaciones y posibilita casi sin esfuerzo el "flotar hacia atrás" a asociaciones tempranas.
Además, el vínculo paciente-terapeuta es realzado porque el terapeuta valida la experiencia del paciente (la perturbación actual) al empezar el trabajo desde el punto en el que se encuentra el paciente. Las asociaciones son del paciente, eliminando el tema de la resistencia a cualquier idea o interpretación introducida por el terapeuta. El paciente se da cuenta vivencialmente de la conexión del presente con el pasado usando la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, pudiendo esquivar la evitación y otras defensas.
LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA DELANTE
Mientras que la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás posibilita muy a menudo que los pacientes vean y sientan la conexión entre el problema actual y los eventos pasados, la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante permite que el paciente identifique y reprocese la ansiedad anticipatoria y desarrolle patrones positivos para el futuro. Es un método que puede ser utilizado en cualquier momento del proceso terapéutico para solucionar bloqueos, renuencias y en algunos casos, resistencias o temas de beneficios secundarios o pérdidas. Es especialmente útil para trabajar con el miedo del paciente a hacer EMDR.
Para ponerlo en práctica, primero pida al paciente que imagine lo peor que le puede pasar si hace "X" (por ej. probar una nueva conducta, testear una nueva habilidad, empezar una experiencia nueva). ¿Qué es lo peor que le puede pasar si hace EMDR? Que es lo peor que le puede pasar si soluciona este problema? ¿Qué es lo peor que le puede pasar si le pone límites a su jefe respecto a la cantidad de trabajo que espera que usted haga? El paciente puede necesitar ayuda para identificar la peor escena. Algunas sugerencias incluyen el miedo a perder el control de sus emociones, el miedo a perder el control de sus funciones corporales como el control de esfínteres, miedo a tener un ataque de pánico, y no poder manejar su vida emocional entre las sesiones.
Una vez que el paciente ha identificado el incidente, pregunte por la peor parte de esa escena y utilícelo como el target de EMDR, armando el protocolo con las preguntas estándar, pero con una leve modificación: pregunte por la imagen que representa la peor parte del peor incidente, por ej. "Cuando usted ve una imagen de si mismo/a haciendo......, que es lo peor que puede pasar?"
Después siga con el resto de las preguntas estándar, es decir, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD, y ubicación de la sensación corporal. Estimule el procesamiento del paciente con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral.
Si el desarrollo de la peor escena del paciente le provoca un miedo racional, puede que se tengan que tomar medidas prácticas para solucionar estas preocupaciones. Por ejemplo, usando la técnica de flotar hacia delante con un chico de 13 años que estaba en un hogar adoptivo transitorio, la peor escena evocada por él fue: "Me van a devolver al Hogar si esta adopción no resulta". Durante el procesamiento, el SUD se redujo de 8 a 3 con bastante rapidez pero de ahí no bajaba. El paciente comentó que no bajaba porque esta "peor escena" podría sucederle realmente y le había sucedido en el pasado. Paramos los movimientos oculares, charlamos un rato y elaboramos un plan para: a) una sesión con sus padres adoptivos para hablar sobre la permanencia de la adopción y b) una llamada en conferencia a su asesor legal para clarificar sus derechos y opciones. Volviendo al target después de esto, le fue posible reducir el SUD a 1 con unos pocos sets de movimientos oculares.
Al utilizar la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante para reprocesar la peor escena, el paciente tiene una oportunidad para resolver la ansiedad anticipatoria. Durante la instalación de la cognición positiva, el paciente está creando patrones positivos para acciones en el futuro. Una mujer cuyo hermano fue verbalmente abusivo con ella en la infancia y en la actualidad la intimidaba, armó una "peor escena" con: "Va a ser igualmente abusivo cuando lo vea la próxima vez". La paciente había hecho mucho EMDR, reprocesando incidentes de la infancia relacionados con el abuso verbal del hermano. Sin embargo, sin un referente positivo vivencial, seguía ansiosa cada vez que interactuaba con él. Pidiéndole que "flote hacia delante" y usando EMDR sobre una de las peores escenas, alivió su ansiedad respecto a una fiesta familiar que tenía pendiente. Instalando una CP de "Ahora estoy más fuerte" le permitió crear una imagen de si misma manejando a su hermano con humor y sintiéndose segura.
A aplicar las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante y ocuparse así del pasado, presente y futuro, el terapeuta de EMDR puede sanar mejor a su paciente. Es más, las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante están basadas en EMDR. Las dos incorporan las preguntas del protocolo standard y le dan al terapeuta y al paciente la oportunidad de manejarse más fluidamente con dicho protocolo.
EMDR standard protocol requires a focus of the origins of the disturbance, the triggers of this and create a pattern of behaviors appropriate to the future (Shapiro). Some patients, however, may have difficulty connecting the current problem with past events. Also, other patients may have difficulty creating positive patterns for the future, especially if you try new behaviors makes them anxious. For these problems the techniques of "float back" and "Float forward" developed by William Zangwill Ph.D., EMDR Institute trainer, are effective methods to link the past, present and future in a therapeutic area and provide the therapist tools to effectively address both issues.
THE ART OF FLOATING BACK
Addressing early memories associated with foreign material is essential to EMDR. Shapiro said that helping the patient to find early memory "must be one of the first options to consider when therapist ..." (Shapiro, 1995). Floating Technique back is a powerful and efficient way to reach this goal, allowing the therapist to assist the patient to carry out their own associations with past events. Its use is most appropriate when the clinician suspects that a disturbance that the patient is experiencing at present, is rooted in past experiences, especially when questions like "What is your earliest memory in relation to what you feel now? Not been successful in helping patients to connect with past events. Also when a patient has a recurrent theme or experience, the Backward Floating Technique is ideal for helping the patient to identify a target for reprocessing. Many patients come into contact with the current problems with relative ease. For example, a patient who complains that she feels abandoned when her husband goes on a business trip, you can probably recall their current problems with ease. Then the therapist can apply the technique Float Backwards to help the patient to remember a past event quickly and efficiently.
To use the technique to back float, arm the protocol to the current problem, using the steps listed in the Training Manual Level I and Level II (Shapiro, 1994) including the image, negative cognition (NC) positive cognition (PC), validation of cognition (VoC), emotions, Subjective Unit of Disturbance (SUD) and bodily sensation. However, it still affects the processing (ie, eye movements or other stimulation). Instead, tell your patient: "Look at the picture ... and those words (repetition of the disturbing image of the patient and negative cognition), note that emotions come from and where you sit on the body. Now close eyes and let your mind float back to an earlier period in your life, look no further, just let your mind float to a time when you thought things like ... (repeat the emotions that said the patient) .. . (repeat parts of the body where the patient felt the sensation). When you are ready open your eyes and tell me the first thing that comes to mind. "
Use this early experience as a target, completing all protocol items: image, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD and location of bodily sensations and begin processing with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation. Once this material has been processed, return to the original target of the current material. Very often we generalize the work done on the earlier material and no longer have to render the current material.
It is important to use general terms when the patient is given instructions Technique Float Backwards, ie a memory request early and not earlier. There are several reasons that support this. First, it is often the worst memory and not the first that works as the best target for reprocessing. In addition, using general terms is an aid for compulsive and perfectionistic patients who otherwise would be too concerned with avoiding failure and find exactly the first association. Finally, the flexibility that allows the use of general rather than specific terms increases the likelihood of success of the patient to connect with the past that is the goal of this technique.
The essential feature of the technique is to use Float Backwards questions of protocol to connect the problems of the present with past events. Skip the questions and were developed by Shapiro is a powerful method to help patients to tune into all aspects of their experience of the problem. The foreign material becomes more vivid and present to the patient and possible recall similar experiences. It is assumed, arguendo, that having developed the protocol with all the questions about the current problem, the neural network encourages and facilitates partnerships almost effortlessly "float back" early associations.
In addition, the patient-therapist relationship is enhanced because the therapist validates the patient's experience (current disruption) to start work from the point where the patient is. Partnerships are the patient, eliminating the issue of resistance to any idea or interpretation introduced by the therapist. The patient realizes experientially connecting the present with the past by using the technique Float Backwards, can avoid the avoidance and other defenses.
THE ART OF FLOATING FORWARD
While technology enables Float Backwards often patients to see and feel the connection between the current problem and past events, the forward float technique allows the patient to identify and reprocess anticipatory anxiety and develop positive patterns the future. It is a method that can be used at any time of the therapeutic process to troubleshoot crashes, reluctance and in some cases, resistance or topics of ancillary benefits or losses. It is especially useful for working with the patient's fear to do EMDR.
To put this into practice, first ask the patient to imagine the worst that can happen if you "X" (eg. Try a new behavior, test a new skill, start a new experience.) What's the worst that can happen if you EMDR? That's the worst that can happen if you solve this problem? What's the worst that can happen if you put your head limits on the amount of work expected to do? The patient may need help to identify the worst scene. Some suggestions include fear of losing control of his emotions, fear of losing control of their bodily functions such as bowel and bladder control, fear of having a panic attack and can not manage their emotional life between sessions.
Once the patient has identified the incident, ask for the worst part of that scene and use it as the target of EMDR, setting up the protocol with the standard questions, but with a slight modification: ask for the image that represents the worst of worst incident, eg. "When you see a picture of him / herself by ......, it's the worst that can happen?"
Then follow with the rest of the standard questions, ie, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD, and location of bodily sensation. Stimulate the processing of patients with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation.
If the development of the patient's worst scene provokes a rational fear, you may have to take practical steps to address these concerns. For example, using the technique of floating forward with a boy of 13 who was in a temporary foster home, the worst scene evoked for him was: "I will return home if this adoption is not." During processing, the LDS was reduced from 8 to 3 fairly quickly but it does not down. The patient said he did not go down because the "worst scene" could really happen and had happened in the past. Eye movements stopped, we chatted a while and developed a plan for: a) a meeting with her adoptive parents to discuss the permanence of the adoption and b) a conference call to his legal adviser to clarify your rights and options. Returning to the target after that, it was possible to reduce the LDS-1 with a few sets of eye movements.
Using Floating Technique forward to reprocess the worst scenario, the patient has an opportunity to resolve the anticipatory anxiety. During the installation of the positive cognition, the patient is creating positive patterns for future action. A woman whose brother was verbally abusive to her children and now intimidated, put together a "worst stage" with: "It will be equally unfair when I see him next time." The patient had done much EMDR reprocessing childhood incidents related to verbal abuse of his brother. However, without a positive reference experiential, still anxious every time I interacted with him. Asking him to "float forward" and using EMDR on one of the worst scenes, relieved her anxiety about a family party that was pending. Installing a CP of "I'm stronger now allowed him to create an image of herself driving her brother with humor and feeling safe.
To apply the techniques to float back and forth and deal well past, present and future, the EMDR therapist can heal your patient better. Moreover, techniques to float back and forth are based on EMDR. Both incorporate the standard protocol questions and give the therapist and the patient the opportunity to be managed more smoothly with this protocol.
This workshop will present an important review of Phase One of EMDR treatment as it fits within the Adaptive Information Processing Model. The
presenter will describe and analyze four strategies for identifying and ordering
targets for EMDR rreatment. Strategies to be covered are I ) Francine Shapiro's standard method; 2) A time line method, 3) A Genogram method proposed by Maureen Kitchur in her Strategic Developmental Model and 4) A hypnotic
method inspired by Milton Erickson's February Man cases. Analysis of the unique strengths and limitations of each approach will be made. Clinical choices will be outlined with respect to the use of each strategy in light of characteristics of the client, the clinician, and the clinical setting itself. Case examples will be
presented. Handouts wlth guidelines for each method will be distributed. Participants will be invited to engage in imaginal exercises to further the exploration of these strategies.
This introductory workshop will teach the
8 steps of Fraser’s Dissociative Table Technique and
how to incorporate it into the EMDR Standard Protocol.
Case examples and video clips will be used to demonstrate
the power of this technique to identify and work
with emotional parts of the personality throughout the
healing process.
Evidence based practice has gained increased attention in recent years, having
been advanced initially by the medical professions, encouraged by various
academic institutions, increasingly required by insurance companies, and
endorsed by many professional associations. Although this represents an
important movement towards improving the quality of care available to
clients, there are legitimate concerns about what constitutes evidence. In
the past 15 years, research on EMDR has proliferated and the methodological
rigor of that work has greatly improved. Yet skepticism ahout the effectiveness
of EMDR remains and much is still unknown about the parameters of this
innovative approach to psychotherapy. This presentation will provide a
description of evidence based practice as a backdrop for examining the
current state of EMDR research with recommendations for areas of research
that are needed, methodological issues that should be considered, and the
role of practitioners in the generation of that knowledge. Findings from a
mix-methods study evaluating the effectiveness of EMDR with adult female
survivors of childhood sexual abuse will be used as an example to critique the
limitations of the gold standard approach to generating evidence based practice
and to illustrate the importance of methodological diversity in the pursuit of
knowledge about the practice of psychotherapy.
In the new and evolving field of traumatology, the need to keep practitioners apprised of emerging developments is acute. While many journals about trauma exist, most of them focus primarily on publication of empirical research studies. Applied professionals rarely read these journals because they see empirical investigations as having very little relevance to their daily practice. Regrettably, these circumstances foster divisiveness between traumatologists who identify themselves mainly as researchers and those who consider themselves chiefly practitioners. Providing an avenue for bridging and integrating the sub-cultures of trauma research and practice is one of the primary aims of the Journal of Trauma Practice (JTP). JTP also seeks to unite the diverse professions that routinely work with traumatized populations, such as emergency room personnel and other medical practitioners, attorneys and forensic specialists, law enforcement personnel, and emergency service workers. Accomplishing these objectives will require openness to innovation while maintaining high standards of scholarship. [Author Abstract]
In the new and evolving field of traumatology, the need to keep practitioners apprised of emerging developments is acute. While many journals about trauma exist, most of them focus primarily on publication of empirical research studies. Applied professionals rarely read these journals because they see empirical investigations as having very little relevance to their daily practice. Regrettably, these circumstances foster divisiveness between traumatologists who identify themselves mainly as researchers and those who consider themselves chiefly practitioners. Providing an avenue for bridging and integrating the sub-cultures of trauma research and practice is one of the primary aims of the Journal of Trauma Practice (JTP). JTP also seeks to unite the diverse professions that routinely work with traumatized populations, such as emergency room personnel and other medical practitioners, attorneys and forensic specialists, law enforcement personnel, and emergency service workers. Accomplishing these objectives will require openness to innovation while maintaining high standards of scholarship.
This study shows how three changes (one addition to the EMDR protocol, plus two alterations) were used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The addition to the EMDR protocol was: 1) The use of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) monitors to provide a constant flow of objective, testable and measurable data specific to the experience of suffering or disturbance, exclusively to the clinician (and not to the patient) throughout the therapy process, The two other alterations were:
2) Incorporating specifically targeted verbal prompts at various points in the process, thus serving to maintain the patients emotional and intellectual focus on the experience of suffering the presenting disorder.
3) Allowing the patient to close his or her eyes and using tactile desensitization and reprocessing rather than eye movements, thereby allowing the patient to maintain the mental imagery specific to the suffering.
The study group achieved beneficial outcomes sooner and more effectively than the control group who were given standard EMDR therapy.[Author abstract]
In the last few years several EMDR clinicians have introduced new approaches which have expanded on EMDR. Two examples are Ricky Greenwald's techniques for 'running a movie' and David Grand's performance enhancement techniques using visualization. GENTLE EMDR is a similar expansion of standard protocol. GENTLE EMDR follows basic EMDR protocol with additional emphasis on the emotions and body sensations connected to the target. Visualilzation is then tuilized to release these emotions and sensations one at a time until the target shows a SUDS of 0. At this point, positive cognitions are installed. The advantage of visualization is that it buffers the emotions with associated with the target, thus reducing abreactions, dissociations and resistance to further EMDR treatment. One advantage of Gentle EMDR is that a client does not need to face the target directly because emotions and body sensations are broken down into management segments. Thus, Gentle EMDR works well with clients who are too fragile to tolerate the standard protocol. One example of the use of visualization would be if the target is "being physically attacked." Clients are first asked what they feel when they think of the attack and where they feel it in their body. Next, clients are asked to visualize a river passing them, while they sit in a protective (safe) place. Finally, clients are asked how the water would appear if it was the identified emotion (such as a particular color) and to let the water flow past until the appearance of the emotional reaction dissipates. Once this is done, clients are asked to name the next emotion that eminates when thinking about the physical attack, allowing the water to 'clear' that emotion as well. When the emotions are approached in this way, the target typically becomes neutralized. The entire process is done using bilateral stimulation. Gentile EMDR is easily taught and has been well received by clinicians at Univerities and Clinical Practices in the United States.
Aprender a utilizar el EMDR con seguridad y eficacia requiere la integración de una amplia gama de conocimientos y competencias. Esta guía quiere ser una orientación para las cuestiones clínicas, profesionales y de gestión de riesgos con las que los profesionales del EMDR se encuentran a diario.
Siguiendo el modelo de las ocho fases de la EMDR, el libro propone una guía clara y detallada para la utilización de los protocolos convencionales de EMDR para el tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático, fobias y ataques de pánico. También se incluyen pautas para la formulación de casos, la planificación del tratamiento y para preparar a los pacientes para el reprocesamiento con EMDR. Además, la guía también contiene muestras de contratos para supervisión y formularios para documentar los resúmenes de los casos y los resultados de los tratamientos, así como:
- gráficos, formularios, ilustraciones, tablas y árboles de decisión para guiar la planificación del tratamiento y la documentación.
- estudios de casos con trascripciones que ilustran los distintos protocolos y pautas para tomar decisiones informadas.
- cuestiones éticas de aplicación clínica, consulta, supervisión e investigación.
Gracias a las pautas de tratamiento claras y concisas sobre el uso clínico del EMDR, este libro es un recurso de incalculable valor para terapeutas en activo, supervisores, consultores y directores clínicos.
Learning to use EMDR safely and effectively requires the integration of a wide range of knowledge and skills. This guide is intended as a guide for clinical, professional and risk management with which EMDR practitioners encounter daily.
Modeled after the eight phases of EMDR, the book offers a clear and detailed guide to the use of EMDR protocols for treating PTSD, phobias and panic attacks. Also included are guidelines for case formulation, treatment planning and to prepare patients for reprocessing with EMDR. The guide also contains samples for monitoring contracts and forms to document summaries of cases and treatment outcomes, as well as:
- Charts, forms, illustrations, tables and decision trees to guide treatment planning and documentation.
- Case studies with transcripts illustrating the different protocols and guidelines to make informed decisions.
- Ethical issues in clinical application, consultation, supervision and research.
With treatment guidelines clear and concise on the clinical use of EMDR, this book is an invaluable resource for practicing therapists, supervisors, consultants and clinical directors.
This book serves as a resource for practicing clinicians, supervisors, clinic directors, and hospital administrators. Leeds provides clear, concise treatment guidelines on the clinical use of EMDR.
This book provides an orientation to the clinical, professional, and risk management issues. Leeds provides sample consultation agreements and forms for documenting treatment planning, case summaries, and treatment outcomes. These forms will be especially helpful for case managers and clinical supervisors in agencies and community health treatment centers.
Key features:
Includes charts, forms, illustrations, tables, and decision trees, presenting essential information clearly and concisely to guide treatment planning and documentation.
Presents case studies with transcripts illustrating the different protocols and presenting guidelines for informed decision making.
Outlines the stages of clinical skill development
Discusses ethical issues in clinical application, consultation, supervision, and research.
RC originated when I perceived a need to complement the standard EMDR protocol by emphasizing resources. Coming from a dialectical perspective it appeared that RC may supply accessibility to resources in the same way in which the standard protocol achieves accessibility to the problem when inquiring at the beginning of the session about the Sensory (Picture),Cognitive (NC), Emotional (feelings and SUDs) and Somatic (sensation) aspects of the problem (SCES). The dialectical tension created between the accessible poles of both, the problem and the resource, enhances the healing process by aiming towards a new balance.
This half day workshop will teach Structural Dissociation Theory and how it integrates into treating complex
trauma with EMDR. Case examples will be used to highlight the theoretical concepts and how to work with the
emotional parts while keeping them stable throughout the 8 phases of the EMDR Standard Protocol.
Learning Objectives:
• Describe the distinctions between the Apparently Normal Part and Emotional Parts of the Personality
• Describe 3 aspects of treating Emotional Parts of the Personality with EMDR while
• Keeping them stable• Describe a way to identify Emotional Parts of the Personality
• Describe 3 clinical markers for client readiness for trauma reprocessing in complex trauma cases
This half day workshop will teach Structural Dissociation Theory and how it integrates into treating complex
trauma with EMDR. Case examples will be used to highlight the theoretical concepts and how to work with the
emotional parts while keeping them stable throughout the 8 phases of the EMDR Standard Protocol. (All Levels –
50% EMDR)
Learning Objectives:
• Describe the distinctions between the Apparently Normal Part and Emotional Parts of the Personality
• Describe 3 aspects of treating Emotional Parts of the Personality with EMDR while
• Keeping them stable
RC originated when I perceived a need to complement the standard EMDR protocol by emphasizing resources. Coming from a dialectical perspective it appeared that RC may supply accessibility to resources in the same way in which the standard protocol achieves accessibility to the problem when inquiring at the beginning of the session about the Sensory (Picture),Cognitive (NC), Emotional (feelings and SUDs) and Somatic (sensation) aspects of the problem (SCES). The dialectical tension created between the accessible poles of both, the problem and the resource, enhances the healing process by aiming towards a new balance.
The clinical experience accumulated in Israel by my collegues and myself in the last four years indicates that the procedure is working well for clients.
In the EMDR standard protocol the problem becomes accessible by inquiring about its sensory, cognitive, emotional an somatic aspects. The RC procedure similarly focused on the accessibility of resources. My assumption is that the dialectical tension between the accessible poles of the problem and the resource enhances the healing process aiming towards a new balance.
"This book pioneers the integration of EMDR with ego state techniques and opens new and exciting vistas for the practitioners of each." --From the foreword by John G. Watkins, PhD, founder of ego state therapy
"This is a book about polypsychism and trauma. It offers a number of creative syntheses of EMDR with several models of polypsychism. It also surveys and includes many other models of contemporary trauma theory and treatment techniques. The reader will appreciate its enrichment with case examples and very generous bibliographic material. If you are a therapist who works with patients who have been traumatized, you will want this book in your library." --Claire Frederick, MD, Distinguished Consulting Faculty, Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center
"Training in EMDR seems to have spread rapidly among therapists in recent years. In the process, awareness is growing that basic EMDR training may not be adequate to prepare clinicians to effectively treat the many cases of complex trauma and dissociation that are likely to be encountered in general practice. By integrating it with ego state therapy, this book may just serve as a crucial turning point in the development of EMDR by providing a model for productively applying it to the treatment of this important and sizeable clinical population." --Steven N. Gold, PhD, President Elect, APA Division of Trauma
The powerful benefits of EMDR in treating PTSD have been solidly validated. In this groundbreaking new work nine master clinicians show how complex PTSD involving dissociation and other challenging diagnoses can be treated safely and effectively. They stress the careful preparation of clients for EMDR and the inclusion of ego state therapy to target the dissociated ego states that arise in response to severe and prolonged trauma. [Springer]
When trauma victims enter therapy, they generally seek help for symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety. However, additional trauma responses may lead the client to encounter difficulty in dealing with the trauma and also with the trauma and also with relationships in their life. These responses also include the inability to love, nurture and bond with other individuals (even those currently in relationship to victim). These clients often experience feeling internally fragmented, detached, alienated and fearfully isolated. Gathering this information is an important part of history taking and becomes crucial to treatment planning. The aim of this presentation is to help clinicians learn to implement strategies that help traumatized clients to experience reconnection, stability, and then, trauma processing. Integrating ego state strategies with the preparation phase of the EMDR protocol results in a safety/stability focused therapeutic approach necessary for these clients to resolve the sequelae of trauma.
Emphasis is placed on the sequential formulation of guided imaginal and somatosensory exercises (enhanced with DAW) that provide stability for the dissociated aspects of the self unable to cope with symptoms and current stresses. The central work includes the development of an internal Home Base, Workplace, and a positive body resource that compliments the standard safe place/stress reduction work. Stabilizing exercises include constructive avoidance, distancing, grounding, containment as well as affect and dissociative symptom management techniques. When stabilized, client’s access and work with their ego state system to resolve conflicts, develop resources, reconnect and then successfully desensitize and reprocess trauma.
Learning objective include: the importance of including information in the history taking about an inability to love, loss of connections, fragmentation, detachment and alienation; defining the ego state strategies that help such client s successfully process traumas with the EMDR protocol; learning the preparation exercises for managing affect and dissociative symptoms. Participants will select the appropriate interventions to help trauma clients reconnect with dissociated, disconnected parts and employ this sequential method in their practice with traumatized clients.
Trauma victims enter therapy seeking help with the symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety. Additional trauma responses lead the client to encounter difficulty in dealing with trauma as well as with relationships. This can include the inability to love, nurture and bond with other individuals (even those currently in relationship with the victim). Integrating ego state strategies into the preparation phase of the standard protocol results in a safety and stability focused therapeutic approach. The emphasis in this presentation will be on developing interventions that provide stability and reconnection for the aspects of the self unable to cope with symptoms and life stresses and help clients access/work with their ego state system to desensitize and reprocess trauma.
Sinds de introductie van EMDR heeft het basis-protocol veel veranderingen doorgemaakt, zowel in de Verenigde Staten als daarbuiten. Voor een deel waren dat min of meer cosmetische aanpassingen, maar verscheidene aanpassingen zijn ingegeven door culturele, conceptueel-inhoudelijke of technische overwegingen. Een deel van de aanpassingen zijn afkomstig van Shapiro zelf, een ander deel is voortgekomen uit ervaringen in de praktijk. De afgelopen jaren is met name sprake geweest van tekstuele aanpassingen die er op gericht zijn de lastigste stukken in het EMDR-protocol (bijvoorbeeld de vraag: “Welke uitspraak over u zelf past daar het beste bij?”) te vereenvoudigen en (vooral) sneller en doelgerichter te komen tot - wat wij graag noemen - 'scherpstellen'.
Deze workshop is bedoeld voor iedereen die de afgelopen 3 jaar geen oficiele EMDR (basis of vervolg) opleiding heeft gevolgd. Stilgestaan wordt bij de doelstelling, de structuur en (vooral) de actuele, exacte formuleringen in het EMDR-protocol van 2005. Telkens zal worden aangegeven wat de achtergrond van de doorgevoerde aanpassingen is. De verwachting is dat het huidige protocol zich soepeler laat toepassen in de therapeutische praktijk. En dat is goed voor zowel therapeuten als patiënten.
Since the introduction of the basic EMDR protocol made many changes, both in the United States and abroad. In part, some were more or less cosmetic changes, but modifications are motivated by several cultural, conceptual, technical or substantive considerations. Some of the changes come from Shapiro herself, somechanges arose from practical experience. In recent years there has been some particular textual changes at AIM. The most difficult pieces in the EMDR protocol (e.g. the question: "Which statement best fits with yourself about you?") To simplifying and (especially) faster and targeted to achieve - what we like to call it - 'Focus'.
This workshop is for anyone over the past three years of no company EMDR Approved (or basic) education followed. Stood is the objectifying, structuring and (Especially) the current, exact genesis of the EMDR protocol or 2005. Each will be given the background to the adjustments is. The expectation is that the current protocol allows more flexible use in therapeutic practice. And that's good for bone healing therapists and patients.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to be an effective treatment for PTSD. In this study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness and physiological effects of EMDR in police officers involved with on-duty shootings and who had PTSD. 6 police officers involved with on-duty shootings and subsequent delayed-onset PTSD were evaluated with standard measures, the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), and high-resolution brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging before and after treatment. All police officers showed clinical improvement and marked reductions in the PDS score. In addition, there were decreases in the left and right occipital lobe, left parietal lobe, and right precentral frontal lobe as well as significant increased perfusion in the left inferior frontal gyrus. In our study EMDR was an effective treatment for PTSD in this police officer group, showing both clinical and brain imaging changes. [Author Abstract]
This presentation will present practical strategies for Approved Consultants (AC) and applicants for EMDRIA Certification to use written work samples and case documentation to support remote EMDR consultation – via telephone or VOIP (This presentation will present practical strategies for Approved Consultants (AC) and applicants for EMDRIA Certification to use written work samples and case documentation to support remote EMDR consultation – via telephone or VOIP (Voice
Over Internet Protocol) services. By using written case summaries and near verbatim summaries of reprocessing sessions, ACs and consultees can achieve significant gains in understanding and fidelity in application of standard EMDR protocols and procedures.
Sample consultation agreements, written case materials and fidelity checklist will be provided to illustrate the use of written case summaries and near verbatim summaries of reprocessing sessions.
I will be presenting the case of an Iranian refugee in the UK who was imprisoned for many years in Iran and
subject to prolonged torture. I will discuss the use of integrated EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy in his
treatment, and outline how standard treatments need to be adapted in the case of trauma arising from human
rights abuses
The "Image Director Technique" was developed to target recurring nightmares or bad dreams and those targets that are directly related to a traumatic experience. Often, when patients are having nightmares or when they feel overwhelmingly out of control during a trauma, it is helpful to give them a way to be more in control of directing what might happen, even if it gets worse. Instead of utilizing the Standard Protocol that implies that you must follow wherever the associations the patient has led you, the Image Director Technique allows the patient to choose her own starting point in the nightmare or trauma and stop if she is overwhelmed. Again, the idea is to return to the Standard EMDR Protocol as soon as it is possible. The Image Director Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
The effects of “lethal contact” (i.e., close range firefights) in both the military
and law enforcement populations can render long-standing psychological
impairment. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness and physiological
effects of EMDR in police officers involved with on-duty shootings who
had delayed PTSD. Method: Six police officers involved with on-duty shootings
and subsequent delayed-onset PTSD were evaluated with standard
measures, the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale and high-resolution
brain SPECT imaging, before and after treatment. Results: All police officers
showed clinical improvement and marked reductions in the PDS (mean
reduction from scores of 43.2 pre EMDR to 5.2 post EMDR). In addition,
there were decreases in the left and right occipital lobe, left parietal lobe
and right precentral frontal lobe, as well as significant increased perfusion
(>0.001) in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Conclusions: In our study EMDR
was an effective treatment for PTSD in this police officer group, showing
both clinical and brain imaging changes. This multimedia presentation integrates
selected case reviews including the dispatch recordings of the officer’s
actual shooting incident/s, follow-up “check-in” messages documenting
the officer’s reactions upon return to duty as well as pre- and post-treatment
brain images. Brief selections of video also are used to further illustrate
key principals. Clinical methodologies that were used with this group
of subjects also will be discussed.
Participant Alert: EMDR is a stepwise protocol designed to facilitate the reexperiencing
of “trauma based” memories in order to assist the client in
reformatting them into a non-disturbing / more “normalized” memory.
During this protocol highly charged/upsetting images, feelings or experiences
can arise for the client.
Due to their vulnerability and cognitive functioning, people with intellectual/developmental (I/DD) disabilities experience Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) more often than the general population. Their symptoms are often undiagnosed, and remain untreated because these individuals are unable to identify and express their experiences and needs. Furthermore, the symptoms of trauma may be misinterpreted as problematic behavior and unnecessary medications prescribed. Many professionals are not aware of the successful use of EMDR with people with I/DD. EMDR is an efficacious treatment for trauma where the standard protocol can be adapted to the intellectual and developmental level of the individual. Not only can EMDR improve the lives of individuals, but may result in the need for less intensive and expensive supports.
Due to their vulnerability and cognitive functioning, people with intellectual/developmental (I/DD) disabilities experience Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) more often than the general population. Symptoms are often undiagnosed, and remain untreated causing years of unnecessary suffering because these individuals are unable to identify and express their experiences and needs. These symptoms of trauma may be misinterpreted as problematic behaviors for which unnecessary medications are prescribed. Many professionals are not aware of the successful use of EMDR with people with I/DD. EMDR is an efficacious treatment for trauma where the standard protocol can be adapted to the intellectual and developmental level of the individual. Not only can EMDR improve the lives of individuals, but may result in the need for less intensive and expensive supports.
Survivors of early emotional neglect experience pervasive difficulties including vulnerability to adult psychiatric disorders and inability to regulate emotional states (Schore, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001a, 2001b; Teicher, 2000, 2002; Teicher et al, 1993; Teicher et al., 1997). Their inability to regulate emotional states is not solely linked to effects of adverse events, but is significantly linked to insufficient exposure to normal, developmental attachment sequences that foster capacities for self-regulation.
A subset of adult survivors of early, pervasive, emotional neglect who meet full or partial criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder also present with comorbid Cluster C Axis II symptoms (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive) and meet criteria for dismissing (or fearful) insecure attachment (Cassidy & Shaver, 1999; Main, 1996).
Clinical assessment reveals these patients have low tolerance for positive interpersonal emotions and engage in defensive strategies to dismiss, minimize, deny or subtly avoid experiencing and assimilating this positive emotional states into their internal model of self. These strategies include overt and covert behavioral avoidance as well as dissociate defenses. Paradoxically, these patients may show superficial characteristics or competence, interpersonal skills, or emotional stability which on closer examination prove to be fragile or which collapse in the face of social stressors.
The general theoretical base for the Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration (PAT) protocol is related to McCullough’s (1996, 2003) model of affect phobia and recognizes McCullough’s emphasis on an anxiety regulating, titrated approach to developing tolerance for adaptive affect and associated coping behaviors. Putnam’s (1997) discrete behavioral states model provides an important conceptual framework for understanding these patients’ needs to gradually develop new discrete behavioral (psychophysiological and affective) states and new pathways (schemes and scripts) fostering access to these shared positive states often as a crucial early phase of treatment to help resolve their impairments in emotional self-regulation.
This presentation describes the use of standard EMDR procedural steps in a treatment plan that postpones the standard three pronged (past, present, future) PTSD protocol, but which is consistent with the consensus model for Complex PTSD (Brown, Scheflin & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999; Hart, Nijenhuis, Steele, 2006) and other EMDR approaches focused initially on improving response to current stimuli (Hoffman, 2004; Leeds & Korn, 1998; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000) before attempting to target childhood traumatic memories. Targets for PAT are recent experiences in which the patient was exposed to positive, shared, interpersonal emotional states. The purposes for applying PAT to these targets are: to decrease defensive avoidance; dissociation and anxiety about shared positive emotional states; to increase capacity to tolerate and enjoy these shared positive emotional states; and to integrate these shared positive emotional states into positive schemas and self-concepts. Observed clinical gains following PAT included: improved mood and resilience, and decreased depersonalization during subsequent use of EMDR to reprocess traumatic memories.
The goal in presenting this “Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration Protocol” case series is to encourage research to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of this application of the standard EMDR procedures for a clinical subpopulation generally considered challenging to treat.
This book, derived from the author's PhD thesis, examines the lived experience of positive psychological changes following trauma. Negative changes, including psychiatric diagnoses, have understandably, been the focus of research for well over a century as the relief of suffering is probably the foremost role of the mental health practitioner worldwide. On the other hand, positive psychological change following trauma is a developing field for which there is no standard terminology. The plethora of labels of which 'Post Traumatic Growth' is the most common descriptor, masks a significant gap in clinical and theoretical understanding. Even less well understood is the totality of psychological change after trauma, i.e. both negative and positive change and how they may interact. The author focuses on two specific contexts: psychological trauma stemming from Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), and subsequent treatment with Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR). The book's findings are quite remarkable and suggest that a totally knew perspective on psychological trauma is needed.
Introduzione: i pazienti traumatizzati presentano alterazioni sintomatiche quali intrusività, evitamento ed aumentato arousal, che ostacolerebbe la possibilità di elaborazione/integrazione
delle tracce mnesiche, oltre ad esprimersi a livello periferico. Tecniche specifiche di trattamento sembrano promuovere
l’elaborazione/integrazione delle memorie traumatiche, tra cui la Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR). Nella ricerca valutativa è quindi necessario affiancare alle scale psicologiche un appropriato indicatore
biologico di attivazione neurovegetativa. La variabilità della frequenza cardiaca (Heart Rate Variability – HRV) esprime
l’integrità funzionale del sistema neurovegetativo in risposta
allo stress e può essere misurata nei domini di tempo o di frequenza. Lo studio della HRV è stato applicato in psichiatria ai disturbi
d’ansia (panico, DOC, PTSD) e dell’umore (depressione unipolare) in ricerche trasversali (confronto con controlli sani) e longitudinali di trattamento farmacologico (triciclici,
SSRIs) ma in pochi casi a trattamenti psicoterapici. Gli AA. valutano l’impiego della HRV come indicatore biologico nel trattamento psicoterapeutico di pazienti con Disturbo dell’adattamento erdurante da oltre un mese dopo l’esposizione ad eventi vitali stressanti (EVS). Metodi: sono stati reclutati 6 soggetti (M/F = 1/5, età 40,5 ± 11,0) esposti ad EVS ed avviati a ciclo di trattamento psicoterapico
breve (4-6 sedute a cadenza settimanale) di tipo
specifico (EMDR) o generico (colloqui supportivi). Costituivano criteri di esclusione: età < 18 o > 65 anni; comorbilità psichiatrica, neurologica e cardiologica; uso di farmaci interferenti. Le valutazioni psicopatologiche sono state eseguite al reclutamento
(TBASE: colloquio anamnestico, MINI, Brief
COPE), a inizio e fine ciclo di trattamento (TINI, TFINE: IES, SCL-90-R), a uno e tre mesi di follow-up (T30, T90: IES, SCL-90-R, Brief COPE). Le registrazioni Holter sono state effettuate ad ogni intervallo valutativo coprendo: 60 min. attività libera, 10 min. tilt-test, 3-5 min. ascolto dell’evento traumatico, 30-45 min. seduta psicoterapica. Sono stati impiegati test statistici non parametrici per l’analisi
delle correlazioni (Spearman) e delle differenze
(Wilcoxon). Risultati preliminari: vengono valutate le correlazioni a TINI e le variazioni T90 vs. TINI. Sono significative le seguenti correlazioni: ansia fobica SCL e SDNN (dev. standard intervalli R-R) [r = + 0,9; p = ,037]; collera-ostilità
SCL e SDNN [r = -0,95; p =.014]; depressione SCL e
r-MSSD (radice media somma quadrati diff. R-R) [r = + 0,9; p = ,037]; sint. intrusivi IES e LF (basse frequenze) [r
= -0,9; p = ,037]. Sono risultate statisticamente significative le seguenti variazioni:
IES totale [Z = -1,99; p = ,046], sintomi intrusivi IES [Z = -2,21; p = ,027], sintomi di evitamento IES [Z = -1,99; p = ,046], ideazione paranoide SCL [Z = -2,21; p = ,027]; R-R, LF e LF/HF (rapporto basse/alte frequenze) durante ascolto evento [Z = -2,02; p = ,043].
Discussione: a livello basale gli indicatori HRV di distress vegetativo correlano positivamente con collera-ostilità e sintomi intrusivi, negativamente con ansia e depressione. Anche dopo tre mesi dalla fine del trattamento gli interventi psicoterapeutici tendono a ridurre i punteggi sintomatici, e migliorano il bilancio simpato-vagale durante il riascolto dell’evento traumatico.
Introduction: trauma patients have symptomatic changes such as intrusiveness, avoidance and increased arousal, which hampers the development / integration
of memory traces, as well as speak at the peripheral level. Specific techniques of treatment seem to promote
the formulation and integration of traumatic memories, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR). In evaluation research is therefore necessary to combine psychological scales appropriate indicator
organic autonomic activation. The heart rate variability (Heart Rate Variability - HRV) expresses
functional integrity of the autonomic nervous system in response
stress and can be measured in time or frequency domains. The study of HRV has been applied in psychiatric disorders
anxiety (panic, DOC, PTSD) and mood (unipolar depression) in cross-disciplinary (compared with healthy controls) and longitudinal drug treatment (tricyclic
SSRIs), but in a few cases in psychotherapeutic treatment. The AA. evaluate the use of HRV as a biological indicator in the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients with adjustment disorder erdurante more than a month after exposure to stressful life events (EVS). Methods: 6 subjects were recruited (M / F = 1 / 5, age 40.5 ± 11.0) exposed to EVS and initiated treatment cycle psychotherapeutic
short (4-6 sessions weekly) type
specific (EMDR) or generic (hearing supported). Exclusion criteria were: age <18 or> 65 years, psychiatric comorbidity, neurological and cardiological, use of drugs interfering. Psychopathological assessments were performed at recruitment
(TBASE: anamnestic interview, MINI, Brief
COPE) at the beginning and end of treatment cycle (TINI, TFINE: IES, SCL-90-R) in a three-month follow-up (T30, T90: IES, SCL-90-R, Brief COPE). Holter recordings were made at each interval evaluation covering: 60 min. free activity, 10 min. tilt-test, 3-5 min. listening to the traumatic event, 30-45 minutes. psychotherapy session. Were used nonparametric statistical tests for analysis
correlations (Spearman) and differences
(Wilcoxon). Preliminary results: the correlations are evaluated and changes TINI vs. T90. TINI. Significant correlations are the following: SCL phobic anxiety and SDNN (standard dev. RR intervals) [r = + 0.9, p =, 037]; anger-hostility
SCL SDNN [r = -0.95, p =. 014]; SCL depression
r-mssd (root mean square sum diff. RR) [r = + 0.9, p =, 037]; sint. IES intrusive and LF (low frequency) [r
= -0.9, P =, 037]. Were statistically significant, the following changes:
IES total [Z = -1.99, p =, 046], IES intrusive symptoms [Z = -2.21, p =, 027], symptoms of avoidance IES [Z = -1.99, p =, 046] , SCL paranoid [Z = -2.21, p =, 027], RR, LF and LF / HF ratio (low / high frequencies) while listening event [Z = -2.02, p =, 043].
Discussion: At baseline HRV indicators of distress correlated positively with growing anger-hostility, and intrusive symptoms, negatively with anxiety and depression. Even after three months of the end of psychotherapeutic treatment interventions aimed at reducing symptom scores and enhance sympathetic vagal balance during the playback of the traumatic event.
A trauma therapeutic concept for inpatient treatment of patients
with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) will be
presented. The therapeutic program is divided into four phases
(stabilization, resource organization, exposition and reorientation).
EMDR is integrated as standard protocol or modified for the
purpose of resource organization into each of these therapy phases.
The use of this trauma therapy concept of eating disorders has
resulted in a substantial improvement in therapeutic results. The
treatment results of 69 Patients with Bulimia and 61 patients with
Anorexia are presented.
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient & stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients and clinical situations the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.
Attachment-‐focused
EMDR
is
a
new
model
of
EMDR
(Eye
Movement
Desensitization
and
Reprocessing)
developed
over
a
period
of
nineteen
years
by
psychologist
and
EMDR
trainer
Dr.
Laurel
Parnell
that
adapts
this
powerful
and
effective
trauma
therapy
to
the
needs
of
clients
with
attachment
wounds.
In
this
workshop
you
will
learn
how
the
standard
EMDR
protocol
can
be
modified
so
that
it
flows
more
easily,
supports
client
safety,
maintains
the
therapeutic
connection
and
enhances
attunement.
Attachment-‐focused
EMDR
is
client-‐centered
and
emphasizes
a
reparative
therapeutic
relationship,
using
a
combination
of
Resource
Tapping
(Parnell,
2008)
to
strengthen
clients,
EMDR
to
process
traumas
and
talk
therapy
to
help
integrate
the
information
from
the
EMDR
sessions
and
to
provide
healing
from
therapist-‐client
interaction.
In
this
workshop
Dr.
Parnell
will
present
the
five
basic
principles
of
Attachment-‐
Focused
EMDR
and
how
they
are
implemented
in
the
treatment
of
traumatized
clients
with
attachment
wounds.
Case
material
and
video
clips
of
sessions
will
be
used
to
illustrate
key
points.
El
EMDR
centrado
en
el
apego
es
un
nuevo
modelo
de
EMDR
(Eye
Movement
Desensitization
and
Reprocessing)
desarrollado
a
lo
largo
de
diecinueve
años
por
la
psicóloga
y
formadora
de
EMDR
Dra.
Laurel
Parnell
y
que
adapta
esta
terapia
de
trauma
potente
y
efectiva
a
las
necesidades
de
clientes
que
sufren
heridas
de
apego.
En
este
taller,
se
aprenderá
cómo
se
puede
modificar
el
protocolo
de
EMDR
de
tal
forma
que
fluye
con
mayor
facilidad,
apoya
la
seguridad
del
cliente,
mantiene
la
conexión
terapéutica
y
mejora
la
sintonía
(attunement).
Attachment-‐focused
EMDR
se
centra
en
el
cliente
y
refuerza
una
relación
terapéutica
reparadora,
con
una
combinación
de
Recursos
de
Tapping
(Resource
Tapping)
(Parnell,
2008)
para
fortalecer
a
los
clientes,
EMDR
para
procesar
los
traumas
y
“talk
therapy”
(terapia
hablada)
para
contribuir
a
integrar
la
información
de
las
sesiones
de
EMDR
y
para
proporcionar
la
curación
derivada
de
la
interacción
entre
terapeuta
y
el
cliente.
En
este
taller,
la
Dra.
Parnell
presentará
los
cinco
principios
básicos
de
Attachment-‐Focused
EMDR
y
cómo
se
implementan
en
el
tratamiento
de
clientes
traumatizados
y
con
heridas
de
apego.
Se
presentará
material
sobre
los
casos
y
vídeos
de
las
sesiones
para
ilustrar
los
puntos
más
importantes.
This is a day-long program designed for the EMDR professional interested in enhancing their ability to conceptualize and provide effective EMDR treatment in working with the complexity of eating disorder symptoms. Paralleling phase-oriented treatment for trauma, this workshop will focus on stabilization skills utilizing state-to-state techniques with or without bilateral stimulation; working through underlying traumatic experiences utilizing the standard protocol; and future template work for integration of the psycho-biological changes. Current treatment approaches on attachment issues and emotion regulation, trauma’s impact on the brain and body, and affect management will be integrated throughout the program. Participants are invited to bring their most challenging cases to work on in practice sessions or during the case consultation segment of the program.
Participants will be able to: 1) describe how they might modify their standard clinical assessment procedures in order to improve the linkage between evaluation and EMDR treatment; 2) report an enhanced level of confidence employing EMDR with client populations they are qualified to treat; and 3) report an improved understanding of issues relted to billing, informed consent, and managing referrals for EMDR.
This workshop will draw on clinical experience and expertise with Eating Disordered clients and EMDR to delineate creative ways to utilize EMDR
with this population. A stage oriented approach will be presented, addressing attachment styles, affect skills and ego strengths development, symptom management, trauma resolution, personal enhancement and body image clarification. EMDR is being used to treat clients with a variety of
trauma related conditions. Eating disordered clients very often have traumatic histories. We will utilize principles associated with attachment
theory, affect regulation and trauma treatment as the foundation to a staged treatment approach with eating disorders. We will incorporate the
standard EMDR protocol as well as some deviations into the overall treatment.
Introduction:
This article describes an innovative Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) protocol which applies the standard EMDR protocol, with modifications, to the reduction of performance anxiety and enhancement of skillful performance in higher functioning clients.
Objective:
The intention was to compare a modified version of the standard EMDR protocol for the reduction of performance anxiety and the enhancement of performance.
Method:
The method was applying the special EMDR protocol for peak performance with higher functioning clients. A further enhancement applied three empirically valid techniques drawn from the subfield of positive psychology.
Results:
Published case studies suggest that this special EMDR protocol aided an experienced commercial pilot in overcoming his avoidance and returning to the flight simulator following a failed proficiency check, and assisted an executive in managing his sense of failure following a significant business setback. Athletes preparing for competition have also found the protocol assists them in managing precompetition anxiety. A further enhancement is the application of three techniques drawn from positive psychology which the empirical research in this subfield of psychology suggests can further enhance the benefits of this protocol.
Conclusion:
Limitations are discussed and recommendations for future research are outlined.
This workshop is the first effort to integrate EMDR Peak Performance with techniques from positive psychology, the new science of happiness and excellence and strengths such as courage. The presenter will explain how the EMDR Peak Performance protocol (which she co-created) is based on the standard EMDR protocol with three modifications: the Future is emphasized; resource development is oriented toward empowerment and possibility; and skills are taught to help clients reach optimal functioning. While the ‘Peak’ protocol already had self-actualization as its goal, its efficacy is enhancing by integrating the positive psychology techniques of using: positive emotions in the performance venue of importance to the client; the Appreciative Inquiry method for envisioning the future and for performance improvement; and optimistic explanatory style. Given time constraints; it is not possible to fully prepare participants to use the Peak Performance protocol. However, in an interactive format that include mini practica, participants will be able to: 1) describe the key difference between the Peak and basic protocols 2) help client develop “Peak’ resources 3) begin to establish an empowerment stance with clients 4) summarize the benefits of teaching clients basic positive psychology concepts 5) pursue further learning from the extensive positive psychology bibliography.
The couple was assaulted by four men, one appeared to be a minor. They forced the couple into their own car and raped the wife, forcing the husband to watch the rape under gunpoint.
With both parents assaulted and raped, the family reported a history of sexual trauma and underwent an EMDR therapy in addition to Bowen theory.
They presented the following symptoms: The wife: episodes of panic, depression, insomnia and nightmares, anorgasmia and vaginismus. The husband: anxiety disorder, insomnia, intrusive negative thoughts, premature ejaculation and erectile difficulties. The children: Larissa - difficultues in sleeping and concentrating in her studies. Yago - nocturnal enuresis and difficulty sleeping alone in his bedroom.
The EMDR standard protocol was used to clear the trauma within the relationship as well as with outside relationships. Experiences from before and after the rape were also targeted, as well as differentiation in the couple, including unsatisfactory sex.
There were nine encounters, during nine weeks, with an average of three hours each.
Follow up data from the couple was obtaained after six months.
The author describes a special protocol she designed for the psychotherapy of Panic Disorders based upon a precise integration of Ericksonian hypnotic techniques with EMDR. This symposium presentation reports on the results of twelve completed singles cases and four in which treatment will still be ongoing at the time of the conference. This therapy approach is based upon the standard EMDR protocol and it eight phases of treatment. However, a noteworthy aspect of this intervention is the comprehensive management of the panic episodes themselves. This protocol assists the client in learning to cope with all the symptomology related to panic attacks, that is, the physiological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. The first panic attach is considered the primary traumatic event. From this beginning point, the client is taught to face, step by step, the subsequent panic attacks utilizing both hynotherapeutic strategies and the EMDE processing. This protocol has permitted the successful processing of the memories related to the panic episodes (including imagining of the entire scene from start to finish), appropriate cognitive restructuring of the elements of irrational fear, and planned exposure through encouragement and support for confronting avoid situations and places. A conclusion of treatment is an agreement to face new situations of life that had seemed impossible before treatment because of the level of fear.
In this article I attempt to show how the integration of “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing” (EMDR) techniques within a relational gestalt therapy approach results in a more powerful method than either therapeutic method alone. I describe the steps in the EMDR standard protocol, as outlined by Francine Shapiro, the founder of EMDR. I briefly discuss what we now know about how trauma affects brain functioning and EMDR’s effectiveness in resolving ‘simple’ trauma. I then explain how EMDR, within the context of a relational gestalt approach, can help to resolve therapeutic impasses, enhance the working through process of therapy and trigger associations that neither therapists nor clients anticipate or predict.
A structured six-session group therapy has been developed and approved for overcoming craving. The six session protocol
can easily be integrated to well-applied EMDR protocols (DeTur from Popky, CravEx from Haase) supported by systematic
implementation of cue exposure techniques and guided imagery. The EMDR protocol supported by cue exposure catalyses
the recovery process as follows:
At the beginning the patients are taught a set of three ideodynamic resources for coping with the urge to drink; “Rewards
of sobriety”, “Support of relatives and friends” and “Irrepressible commitment to sobriety”. The patients learn rapid activation
of these resources by the use of the “Seven Cue Word Induction–technique” and kinaesthetic bilateral stimulation (SingleblAiR).
Then they are exposed to alcohol until the urge to drink reaches it´s peak. At this moment they are taught to initialize
resourcefulness - with continued exposure to alcohol. Subsequently, the power of one ideodynamic strategy diminishes
the intensity of craving significantly. Craving symptoms finally disappear and are replaced by self-reinforcing thoughts and
feelings due to state dependent learning. In addition to this new experience the patients acquire a high level of self-efficacy
as well as greater and deeper knowledge about their personal drinking triggers. They also find out which strategy is the
most effective one for each specific trigger. After regaining self-control over triggers, the patients are more receptive to
working with their core addiction issues, which have now become easier to treat by especially using Desensitization and
Reprocessing of the Standard- EMDR protocol. Workshop participants will become acquainted with the six-session protocol
by the use of DVD-demonstrations and by practising. In addition they will receive a manual with standardised instructions.
Finally they will also be given the opportunity to participate in a cross-cultural research project proving the effectiveness of
the six-step program which starts in 2011. This approach is designed to improve the treatment of various types of addiction
and can easily be integrated into existing EMDR treatment strategies.
Positive Psychological Change (PPC) following trauma is a developing field for which
there is no standard terminology. The plethora of labels, of which Post Traumatic
Growth (PTG) is probably the most common descriptor, arguably masks a significant
gap in clinical and theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. One specific gap
addressed by this study is PPC following psychological trauma stemming from a
Road Traffic Accident (RTA) in which the person involved has subsequently received
Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR). To investigate this gap in knowledge, an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
(IPA) approach was used and twelve participants recruited via a snowball sampling
method. The participants were then interviewed using a Semi-structured Interview
Questionnaire (SSIQ) and the interviews were then transcribed for IPA analysis. Key
themes that emerged included Navigational Struggle (NS) to describe Negative
Psychological Change (NPC), and Network Growth (NG), to describe PPC. At any
one post-RTA/EMDR point there was a preponderance of one over the other,
however, NS and NG were inseparable and found to co-exist along an NS-NG
continuum. In addition, Figurative Language Use (FLU) had a significant role in both
NS and NG yet was independent of both and apparently driving change towards the
development of NG. Whilst NS and NG were both post-trauma phenomena, FLU
seemed to hallmark expansion of memory networks as part of a general maturation
process post-RTA. Furthermore, there was evidence that participants were
incorporating their traumatic experiences via FLU into the rebuilding of their
assumptive worlds.
To account for these findings, an extension to Adaptive Information Processing (AIP)
– the theory widely accepted to underpin EMDR - is proposed based upon a
hypothesised Plasticity of Meaning (PoM), which is observable through FLU. PoM
predicts which, why and how memory networks connect resulting in the adaptive
processing predicted by AIP. The study’s findings are re-examined in terms of
consequential modifications to the clinical use of EMDR. Extensive suggestions for
further research are provided.
This interview with Dr. Francine Shapiro, originator and developer of Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing (EMDR), provides an overview of the history and evolution of EMDR from its inception
to current findings and utilization, as well as future directions in research and clinical development.
Dr. Shapiro discusses the psychological traditions that informed the development of EMDR and the Adaptive
Information model, as well as the implications for current treatment. The rationale for the application
of EMDR to a wide range of disorders is discussed, as well as its integration with other therapeutic approaches.
Topics include research on the role of eye movements, the use of EMDR with combat veterans,
somatoform disorders, attachment issues, and the distinct features of EMDR that have allowed it to be
used for crisis intervention worldwide.
Dr. Francine Shapiro is the originator and developer of EMDR. She is a senior research fellow at the Mental Research Institute
(MRI) in Palo Alto, California, executive director of the EMDR Institute in Watsonville, California, and the founder and
president emeritus of the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program, a nonprofit organization that coordinates disaster
response and supports low fee training worldwide. She has written the primary text on EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing: Basic Principles and Procedures (Guilford Press) and co-authored or edited four others: EMDR: The
Breakthrough Therapy for Overcoming Anxiety, Stress and Trauma (Basic Books), EMDR as an Integrative Psychotherapy Approach:
Experts of Diverse Orientations Explore the Paradigm Prism (American Psychological Association Books), Handbook of EMDR
and Family Therapy Processes (Wiley), and Short-Term Therapy for Long-Term Change. She has written and co-authored more
than 60 articles and chapters and is an invited speaker at psychology conferences all over the world. Dr. Shapiro is a recipient
of the American Psychological Association Division 56 Award for Outstanding Contributions to Practice in Trauma
Psychology, the Distinguished Scientific Achievement in Psychology Award presented by the California Psychological Association
and the International Sigmund Freud Award for Psychotherapy presented by the City of Vienna in conjunction
with the World Council of Psychotherapy. She was appointed one of the “Cadre of Experts” by the American Psychological
Association and Canadian Psychological Association Joint Initiative on Ethno-political Warfare. She has served as an
advisor to many trauma treatment and outreach organizations and journals. She has three awards bestowed in her honor.
Those given by the EMDR International Association and the EMDR-Ibero-American Association celebrate members of
the EMDR community who follow in her footsteps of creative thinking, service, and dedication to the standard of EMDR.
The EMDR Europe Association presents the Francine Shapiro EMDR-Europe Research Award in order to encourage
research in the field. In 2008, a comprehensive electronic resource for scholarly articles and other important references
related to EMDR and adaptive information processing was introduced and was named The Francine Shapiro Library in
honor of Dr. Shapiro (http://emdr.nku.edu/emdr_data.php).
Dual attention is necessary for successful EMDR trauma reprocessing. This implies the client has sufficient time
orientation, knowing the feelings are from a memory and the event is not happening now. Complex trauma and
PTSD’s component of flashbacks and reliving requires that clinicians have a myriad of time orientation skills
readily available when needed. EMDR therapists need to be especially attentive to this issue because of the
high intensity of affect EMDR can stimulate. This 90 minute workshop will teach the art and intricacies of time
orientation within an EMDR framework. Lecture, case transcripts and video clips will show the power, depth and
art of time orientation skills. Learning Objectives:
• Describe the theoretical reason why time orientation skills are
• Necessary when using EMDR with PTSD and complex trauma
• Describe the EMDR Standard Protocol Phase where the majority of time orientation interventions are used.
• Describe 5 ways to time orient a client
• Understand the power of time orientation to stabilize a client when using EMDR.
Theoretical background: The teaching of a “safe place installation protocol” forms part of the standard EMDR training and for my EMDR practitioners and consultants alike it belongs to their repertoire of EMDR treatment techniques. Such a protocol requires clients to access and identify with an experienced place of safety in their lives. Complex (i.e., Type II) trauma clients, as well as other clients which have not been able to build a secure, positive sense of inner self, as a result of their unsafe experiences during most of all of their life, however, may find it very difficult to access and identify a safe place, which they can draw on during the use of EMDR safe place installation protocol. The standard safe pace installation protocol therefore frequently does not work for these clients. Yet, it is suggested in this presentation that access to the inner ‘safe place’ resource can be of particular therapeutic benefit for this client group. In recognition of the need for such a resource, Dr. Herbert has developed an alternative version of an EMDR-based safe place installation protocol, which draws on all sensory modalities (involving, cognitive, emotional and somatic systems) that will work with clients who have no known prior access to a place of safety in their lives.
Aim of presentation: The conference audience will have the unique opportunity to experience Dr. Herbert’s safe place installation protocol’ during an in-vivo EMDR demonstration session. Suggested variations of the protocol tailored to individual client differences and clinical applications for the use of such a resource with this client group will also be explored. The latter will include use of the protocol as an inner anchoring point that clients can access and connect to in situations of crisis in their daily life and as an aid to facilitate the rebalancing of nervous system functioning.
This presentation will introduce the basics of EMDR therapy and provide an overview of treatment. Both the theoretical foundation and recent research findings will be explored. EMDR is an evidence-based psychotherapy supported by more than 20 randomized controlled studies. Meta-analyses have indicated that the effects of EMDR on PTSD symptoms are comparable to those of trauma-focused CBT. However, EMDR therapy does not require homework, sustained arousal, detailed descriptions of the index trauma, or extended exposure to the event. While the eye movement component has been the subject of controversy, in the past decade an additional 20 randomized trials have evaluated the eye movements and demonstrated significantly superior effects compared to “exposure-only” conditions. The eye movements have been shown to (a) decrease the emotionality and vividness of memories, (b) create physiological relaxation responses, (c) facilitate access to associative memories and (d) lead to an increase in recognition of correct information. Two dominant theories regarding the role of the eye movements have emerged: (1) disruption of working memory and (2) elicitation of an orienting response. The research and clinical implications will be examined.
The goals of this presentation parallel those of the conference itself by allowing participants to evaluate ways in which EMDR therapy offers innovations in both conceptualization and clinical treatment. These innovations include ways to support therapy retention and increase stability for those clients ordinarily considered too fragile to tolerate memory processing. Outreach can also be increased through the use of consecutive-day trauma treatment. Relevant research will be reported on the use of EMDR therapy with diverse populations.
Participants will learn how the adaptive information processing theory that guides EMDR therapy practice offers a reconceptualization of (a) psychopathology, (b) therapeutic change, (c) the therapy relationship, (d) preparation for processing and (e) the multiple methods included in the therapy. The presentation will provide participants with the theoretical basis for EMDR therapy, an overview of the eight treatment phases, the three-pronged selection of processing targets, pertinent research, as well as applications to the full range of trauma victims. Videotaped sessions will demonstrate diverse treatment effects and provide participants with comparisons to other research-supported trauma treatments.
1-Describe the relevant research findings
2-Identify the components of the standard EMDR therapy three-pronged approach to processing
3-Contrast EMDR therapy with other empirically supported trauma treatments
The Recent-Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP) takes the wisdom of the Standard EMDR
Protocol (Shapiro, 1995, 2001) and applies it in adapted form for recent events to provide a
comprehensive approach to Early EMDR Intervention (EEI). The R-TEP thus presents an
integrative protocol for EEI, which incorporates and extends existing procedures. It is a protocol
that utilises both the EMD and EMDR protocols together with some elements of the Recent
Event protocol within a newly conceived extended time perspective, termed here the
"Traumatic Episode". The Traumatic Episode (or T-Episode) comprises multiple targets of
disturbing images/ events/ other experiences, from the original incident until today, including
disturbing thoughts about the future, which need to be processed. [Excerpt]
Author points out a propensity among some professionals to respond unfairly to data supporting EMDR, and he calls for open-minded critical analysis of available data. [Adapted from Text]
“Traduire la recherche en pratique” constitue une nouvelle rubrique régulière du journal dans laquelle
des cliniciens font part d’exemples de cas cliniques qui soutiennent, exposent en détail ou illustrent les
résultats d’une étude de recherche donnée. Chaque article commence par résumer l’étude en question
pour ensuite apporter la description par le clinicien de son application des procédures EMDR (désensibilisation
et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) standard auprès de la population ou pour le
problème traité dans l’étude. Cette rubrique est éditée par la fondation EMDR Research (recherche en
EMDR) dans le but de fournir un lien entre la recherche et la pratique et de rendre pertinents les résultats
de la recherche par rapports aux pratiques quotidiennes des thérapeutes. Dans la rubrique de ce numéro,
Katy Murray se réfère à l’étude de Sprang (2001) qui a évalué le traitement EMDR du deuil complexe ;
elle décrit comment elle a employé l’EMDR dans trois cas difficiles – une mère faisant le deuil de son
fils jeune adulte, une femme en lutte avec la perte de sa mère à cause de la maladie d’Alzheimer et une
jeune mère dont le fils est mort-né. Les exemples de cas sont suivis d’une discussion complète.
Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’ day-today practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are followed with a comprehensive discussion.
Propongo il caso di S. perché il PN-PTSD è poco diagnosticato e perché, attraverso una variante tecnica al floatback, il floatback-floatforward sulla timeline, sono riuscita ad aggirare la dissociazione post traumatica, a identificare i vari alter dissociati e a integrarli nella persona con l’uso del protocollo standard dell’EMDR.
A sedici anni S. fu portata in studio dai genitori che l’avevano sorpresa a inalare i fumi dell’eroina; oggi ha diciotto anni e non si droga più da quel giorno.
Guardandole le braccia piene di cicatrici mi resi conto che S. ricorreva alla pratica dell’autolesionismo, ma i genitori non se ne accorgevano.
Qual era il segreto custodito gelosamente dalla famiglia?
La storia di S. si articola intorno a due traumi: il PN-PTSD e l’abuso.
Dal trauma perinatale e dalla percezione in utero degli stati emotivi depressivi della madre sono scaturiti disturbi nell’attaccamento e, per la mancanza di mirroring e di sintonizzazione affettiva, sono falliti i processi d’internalizzazione che portano all’identità.
S. era consapevole del trauma dell’abbandono ma non dell’abuso, che definiva come un “pozzo nero impenetrabile”.
Per affrontare il trauma che minacciava la sopravvivenza, S. faceva ricorso in maniera invasiva a un meccanismo di coping: la dissociazione dell’oggetto e del Sé. Mettere in un alter l’abuso consentiva a S. di mantenere l’attaccamento ai membri della propria famiglia che avevano abusato di lei o attivamente, o passivamente con la complicità del silenzio.
Usando la scala Des non ho riscontrato risultati significativi sulla dissociazione, invece con la SCID-LIST ho rilevato valori alti.
L’autolesionismo può rappresentare l’odio per il corpo che ha subito l’abuso senza ribellarsi, o, come dice S., “un modo per punirsi della colpa di esistere o di infliggersi una sofferenza fisica per coprire l’angoscia di morte”.
L’EMDR ha rappresentato la sfida.
Propose the case of S. because the PN-PTSD is poorly diagnosed and because, through a variant technique to floatback the floatback-floatforward on the timeline, I managed to circumvent the Post traumatic dissociation, to identify the various alter-differentiated and integrate them in person using the standard EMDR protocol. At sixteen, S. was brought to the study by parents who had found to inhale the fumes of heroin; Today is eighteen years and not more drugs that day. Looking at the arms full of scars I realized that St. resorted to the practice of self, but the parents did not noticed. What was the secret guarded jealously by the family? The story of St. focuses on two traumas: the PN-PTSD and abuse. Since perinatal trauma and perception of emotional states of depression in the uterus of the mother are resulting in attachment disorders and the lack of mirroring and affective attunement, failed processes of internalization that lead to identity. S. was aware of the trauma of abandonment but not the abuse, which defined as a "well
impenetrable black. To deal with the trauma that threatened the survival, S. was used in an invasive manner coping mechanism: the dissociation of object and self. Putting an alter abuse allowed S. to maintain the attachment to family members who had abused her or actively, or passively with the complicity of silence. Using the scale Des I have not found significant results on the dissociation, but with the SCID-LIST I observed high values. The SIB may represent the hatred of the body that has suffered abuse without rebelling, or, as Saint, "a way to punish a fault to exist or to inflict physical pain
cover the anguish of death." EMDR has been the challenge.
Survivors of profound early childhood emotional neglect and abuse often experience shared positive emotional states as aversive. For such survivors, these states are unfamiliar and may be associated with formative experiences of being ignored, shamed or hurt. Concepts from attachment theory, Putnam’s discrete behavioral states model and McCullough’s affect phobia, provide the foundation for the Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration Protocol. Standard EMDR procedural steps increase tolerance for an integration of positive emotional states and develop a more resilient and positive self-concept. Case examples illustrate criteria and potential benefits of this approach with the aim of encouraging further research.
Survivors of profound early childhood emotional neglect and abuse often experience shared positive emotional states as aversive. For such survivors, these states are unfamiliar and may be associated with formative experiences of being ignored, shamed or hurt. Concepts from attachment theory, Putnam’s discrete behavioral states model and McCullough’s affect phobia, provide the foundation for the Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration Protocol. Standard EMDR procedural steps increase tolerance for an integration of positive emotional states and develop a more resilient and positive self-concept. Case examples illustrate criteria and potential benefits of this approach with the aim of encouraging further research.
Ancestral, familial and cultural factors often become embedded and can
lay the foundation of core negative beliefs and symptomatology. Legacy informed
EMDR introduces the idea that EMDR can be utilized to reconsolidate
transgenerational roots of symptomatology. The workshop outlines how to use
EMDR to: 1) promote a positive core belief by accessing legacy-based resources 2)
desensitize legacy-based maladaptive beliefs, traumatic events and emotional
baggage 3)help clients develop an affirming coherent life narrative. This
integrative approach is informed by a wide range of recent, notable researchers in
the fields of neurobiology, attachment, and family systems (Siegel,1999, 2010;
Main,1990; Boszormenyi-Nagy,1984; White, M. & Epston, D,1990).
The workshop addresses how to incorporate legacy informed work into the
standard 8-phase, 3-pronged protocol. Phase 1 includes an extended genogram. A
core positive cognition is elicited and a VOC is taken as part of goal setting. Legacy
based resources are developed for preparation and RDI. The standard protocol is
used to desensitize traumatic targets. Access to ancestral, familial and cultural
beliefs and information is gained with an EMDR time-line similar to that used in
Maureen Kitchur’s Strategic Developmental Model (Kitchur, 2005).
Clinicians can complete a course of EMDR therapy by reconsolidating threads from
the distant past, remembered past, current being and future vision. Material often
emerges and is reprocessed relating to race, gender, disabilities, sexual orientation
and socio-economic dynamics as well as trauma and oppression. This legacy
workshop is practice oriented and is anecdotally based on the presenter’s clinical
work.
Factores
ancestrales,
familiares
y
culturales
en
muchas
ocasiones
se
ensamblan
y
pueden
llevar
a
la
formación
de
creencias
irracionales
y
sintomatología.
El
Legado
informado
EMDR
introduce
la
idea
de
que
el
EMDR
puede
ser
utilizado
para
reconsolidar
las
raíces
transgeneracionales
de
la
sintomatología.
El
taller
revisa
como
usar
el
EDMR
para:
(1)
Promover
las
creencias
positivas
accediendo
a
los
recursos
basados
en
el
legado
(2)
Desensibiliza
mediante
el
legado
las
creencias
desadaptativas,
eventos
traumáticos
y
bagaje
emocional.
(3)
Mantener
el
desarrollo
de
los
clientes
y
afirmar
la
coherencia
narrativa
de
la
vida.
Este
enfoque
integrativo
esta
creado
a
partir
de
un
amplio
espectro
de
recientes
e
importantes
investigaciones
en
los
campos
de
la
neurobiología,
apego
y
sistemas
familiares(Siegel,1999,
2010;
Main,1990;
Boszormenyi-‐Nagy,1984;
White,
M.
&
Epston,
D,1990).
Este
taller
muestra
como
incorporar
el
legado
informado
al
trabajo
de
las
8
fases,
con
el
protocolo
de
3
flancos.
La
fase
uno
incluye
un
árbol
genealógico.
Una
cognición
positiva
es
elicitada
y
el
VOC
es
cogido
como
parte
de
una
meta.
Los
recursos
basados
en
el
legado
son
desarrollados
para
la
preparación
y
el
RDI.
El
protocolo
estándar
es
usado
para
desensibilizar
los
recuerdos
diana.
Acceder
a
los
recuerdos
ancestrales,
familiares
y
culturales
y
la
información
proporcionada
por
el
EMDR
a
tiempo
real
es
similar
en
la
usada
por
el
modelo
de
desarrollo
estratégico
de
Maureen
Kitchur(Kitchur,
2005).
Los
clínicos
pueden
completar
el
curso
de
EMDR
reconsolidando
estos
enunciados
del
pasado
distante,
pasado
recordado,
presente
y
visión
futura.
A
menudo
el
material
surge
y
es
reprocesado
en
función
a
la
raza,
genero,
discapacidad,
orientación
sexual
y
dinámicas
socioeconómicas
como
el
trauma
y
la
opresión.
Este
taller
de
legado
es
una
práctica
orientada
y
esta
basada
de
manera
anecdótica
en
el
trabajo
clínico
del
ponente.
During my consultation to become a certified
EMDR therapist, I learned that omitting the future
template is the main reason some EMDR treatments
do not hold. If this is even anecdotally true (I know
of no research that states such), how is reducing the
future
template to one sentence in an article advancing
the maintenance of “ . . . the integrity of the standard
EMDR protocol and keeping adaptive information
processing in mind . . . ” mentioned in the article?
Although the author states the importance of “ . . . the
efficacy of this powerful methodology . . .” I respectfully
submit that short cutting the future template in
research articles does a disservice to the adherence of
any protocol. [Excerpt]
While appreciating
that The Psychologist
is not a standard academic
journal, I was nevertheless
somewhat surprised and not a
little disappointed to see space
being given to an uncritical
‘sales pitch’ for EMDR in the
March issue. While Shapiro
acknowledges that the
treatment she originated has
been the subject of ‘much
scrutiny and debate’, reference
is then only made to one
aspect of this debate; that is,
the identification of EMDR’s
active ingredient. By failing to
provide at least a handful of
references to major areas of
contention in relation to EMDR,
the article does a disservice to
interested practitioners and
academics. Papers by Herbert
et al. (2000) and Rosen et al.
(1998) would allow readers to
at least start to make a more
balanced appraisal of EMDR.
With Meredith, what had seemed an insurmountable impasse using a standard PTSD protocol had become amenable to significant resolution when addressed with a non-standard protocol. The key to this approach was to install multiple positive resources without deliberately activating the distressing emotions and associations of a specific, disturbing memory or current stimuli. I have coined the phrase "EMDR resource installation" to describe this protocol. I have since used this approach with other challenging clients who have childhood histories of significant failures of attachment with their primary caregivers. In these cases, their histories and current functioning led me to conclude that their capacity for self-soothing and affect modulation was not yet developed to the point where they could tolerate directly targeting distressing memories using the standard EMDR protocol. [Text, pp. 276-277]
Dual attention (simultaneous awareness of both the disturbing material and a neutral or safe aspect of the present situation) is an essential element of the effectiveness of EMDR (Shapiro, 2001). That is, in EMDR therapy, the therapist assists the client in keeping "one foot in the present, one foot in the past." Metaphorically, "two feet in the past" would simply be emotionally reliving the trauma, and not therapeutic. For those clients with highly dissociated and intense affect, there is a danger with standard EMDR that uncontrolled emotion may intrude into consciousness in a way that undermines this important balance between present and past. In this chapter, several methods are described that seem to be useful in empowering clients with dissociated ego states to stay oriented to the present while processing unfinished disturbing memories. Specifically, these EMDR variations seem to enable the client to maintain the balance between emotional safety and the controlled emergence of unresolved affect, so as to avoid dissociative abreaction and make possible the healing and eventual integration of separate parts of the self. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved
L’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) nasce come
interevento elettivo nella terapia del Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress
(PTSD) e, in particolar modo nelle fasi iniziali del suo consolidamento
clinico e teoretico, ha calibrato il proprio protocollo di intervento standard sul
PTSD generato da combattimenti bellici, catastrofi naturali e provocate
dall’uomo. L’abuso sessuale, soprattutto se avvenuto nell’infanzia, in modo
prolungato ed all’interno di un contesto familiare (ovvero il tipo di abuso
sessuale sul quale concentrerò ora la mia attenzione), è un tipo di evento
traumatico che può presentare caratteristiche peculiari: elementi dissociativi
da marcati ad assenti, alterazioni mnestiche e codifiche mnestiche statodipendenti,
massicci meccanismi di repressione operanti anche per decenni,
condizionamento negativo dell’evoluzione del sistema comportamentale
dell’attaccamento, presenza di memorie somatiche di difficile gestione da
parte del paziente, disturbi sessuali, difficoltà nell’instaurazione e nel
mantenimento della relazione terapeutica. L’abuso sessuale intrafamiliare si
accompagna abitualmente alla trascuratezza emotiva ed alla violenza
psicologica, in alcuni casi anche a quella fisica. Di fronte ad un quadro
2
clinico così complesso (laddove la presenza di PTSD è semplicemente uno
dei possibili esiti psicopatologici, e con ogni probabilità non il più
frequente), l’intervento con l’EMDR richiede modificazioni rispetto al
protocollo standard di intervento per il PTSD ma, soprattutto, l'inserimento
all'interno di un intervento clinico di respiro decisamente più ampio rispetto
all’impiego di algoritmi terapeutici ridotti all’essenziale. Il sottoscritto ritiene
che, al momento attuale, lo studio più approfondito sull’argomento sia una
pubblicazione di Laurel Parnell del 1999. Personalmente, ed in modo
concorde con quest’ultimo autore, ho verificato la notevole efficacia
nell’operare con l'EMDR - anche molto direttivamente - sulla storia di
attaccamento del paziente al fine di colmarne le falle evolutive o eliminare gli
ostacoli per il conseguimento di questo fondamentale obiettivo terapeutico.
The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is born as
interevento elective in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD) and, especially in the early stages of its consolidation
clinical and theoretical, has calibrated their intervention protocols for the standard
PTSD generated by fighting wars, natural disasters and caused
man. Sexual abuse, especially if done in childhood, so
Prolonged and within a family context (ie the type of abuse
which focus on sex now my attention) is a type of event
trauma that may have special characteristics: elements dissociative
to be marked absent, changes in mnemonic and mnemonic encodings statodipendenti,
massive repression mechanisms operating for decades
negative evolution of behavioral conditioning system
attachment, presence of somatic memories of unmanageable
the patient's sexual problems, difficulty in establishing and
maintaining the therapeutic relationship. Sexual abuse is intrafamilial
usually accompanies the emotional neglect and violence
psychological, in some cases to physical. Faced with a framework
2
clinical as complex (where the presence of PTSD is simply a
possible outcomes of psychopathology, and probably not the most
frequent), intervention with EMDR requires changes compared to
standard protocol of intervention for PTSD but, more importantly, the inclusion
within a clinical intervention to breath much larger than
use of therapeutic algorithms reduced to essentials. My opinion
that, at present, more thorough study on the subject is a
Published by Laurel Parnell in 1999. Personally, and so
agreed with this page, I checked the remarkable effectiveness
in working with EMDR - very directly - on the history of
attachment of the patient in order to bridge the evolutionary gaps or eliminate
obstacles to achieving this important therapeutic target.
Disrupted attachment or sustained early life trauma often results in the formation of ego states, also known as
alters or parts. These states perform roles usually geared towards survival, but in adulthood they can be
dysfunctional. Depending upon a client’s early life experiences some ego states can be malevolent, wanting bad
things for the client such as willing them to suffer in some way. It is necessary for clients to remain safe during
EMDR sessions and contained between sessions. There is a need, therefore, to learn techniques to work with
more difficult clients so they too can benefit from EMDR. This presentation provides an overview of Ego State
Therapy (EST) and how it fits with EMDR. It demonstrates how to access ego states in a controlled way and goes
on to show a video of a live case where EST is used effectively to moderate the malevolence displayed by a
difficult ego state. In this case example, the client went on to experience the standard 8 Phases of EMDR.
There is an increasing interest in using the procedures of EMDR with sexually abused children because of its effectiveness in treating PTSD and trauma in adults and children. Within the literature clinicians have reported modifications of the standard adult protocol originally developed by Shapiro in order to facilitate the therapy with children. To date, no study has investigated the actual modifications clinicians use when treating sexually abused children. A study was designed to elicit information about the actual use of such modifications from appropriately trained clinicians who work with sexually abused children 12 years and younger. A questionnaire was developed to obtain demographic information from therapists about their background and experience with abused children. An EMDR protocol modification survey was also created to elicit information about whether and how clinicians alter the standard EMDR protocol for use with abused children. Eight completed surveys were returned and the results of data analysis showed that clinicians do indeed modify the protocol as described and discussed. In particular, the results indicated the importance of modifications in the EMDR procedure for children and suggested important changes in the questionnaire that could be used for future data collection. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(5-B), 2004, pp. 2611.
“Nacer conectado, vivir consciente” se diferencia de otros textos habituales de crianza natural como los de Michel Odent, Alice Miller, James Prescott, Casilda Rodrigañez, Laura Gutman, Sue Gerhardt, Carlos González, Punset -a quien se cita en el prólogo- … porque, además del papel del cerebro desde los avances en psicobiología y neurociencia, también explica el papel de dos terapias naturales importantes en la salud pero poco conocidas, la QUIROPRÁCTICA y sus ajustes desde bebés y EMDR (Desensibilización y reproceso a través del movimiento ocular) desarrollada por Francine Shapiro y considerada como una importante llave de acceso al cerebro.
" Nacer connected, live consciously " differs from other natural breeding standard texts such as Michel Odent, Alice Miller, James Prescott, Casilda Rodrigáñez, Laura Gutman, Sue Gerhardt, Carlos Gonzalez, Punset -who is quoted in the prologue, " ... because, besides the role of the brain from the advances in psychobiology and neuroscience , it also explains the role of two major natural therapies in health but little-known Chiropractic and their babies and settings from EMDR ( through desensitization and reprocessing eye movement ) developed by Francine Shapiro and considered an important key to the brain.
This presentation reviews new advances in EMDR, reporting on recent research studies which have investigated EMDR's application with new problems, new populations, and/or with new protocols. It looks at EMDR treatment of somatic and physical health problems, such as migraine headaches and chronic pain, as well as the role of EMDR in reducing the stressful impact of life-threatening health problems such as cardiac events and neuromuscular disorders. Preliminary research on new EMDR applications is summarized, including treatment of clients with psychosis and individuals with developmental disorders. An effective new protocol for recent critical events is explained and examined, as well as a new protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder. The presentation also reviews studies investigating the role of eye movements on memory and physiology, and what these findings reveal about possible mechanisms of action in EMDR.
Learning Objectives:
1. Participants will be able to describe applications for EMDR with non-PTSD populations and related supportive research
2. Participants will be able to summarize clinical practice strategies for EMDR treatment of several somatic and physical health problems
3. Participants will be able to explain the new EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Events and to recount the differences between this and the standard EMDR protocol, and to summarize the research evidence for this intervention
4. Participants will be able to explain the new EMDR Adapted Phobia Protocol for OCD, and to discuss the theoretical implications of this protocol
5. Participants will develop a basic knowledge of research findings regarding the effects of eye movements, and will be able to apply these to an understanding of EMDR’s mechanisms of action.
Purpose: To evaluate the possibility of using eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for women with posttraumatic stress following childbirth. EMDR is internationally recognized as one of the treatments of choice for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, as outlined in a recent article on the management of PTSD following childbirth, very little is known about the effect of the intervention in women who experienced the delivery as traumatic. Methods: Two patients suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth were treated with EMDR. Patient A developed PTSD symptoms following the lengthy labor of her first child that ended in an emergency cesarean section (CS) after unsuccessful vacuum and forceps extraction. Patient B suffered from PTSD symptoms since the birth of her first child, during which a second degree vaginal rupture occurred, causing pain and resulting in the inability to use tampons and engage in sexual intercourse for several years. RESULTS: Both patients received EMDR treatment during their second pregnancy, using the standard protocol. After 2 sessions of EMDR including RDI and future template, patient A felt strong and confident about the upcoming delivery. She did not prefer a CS over vaginal birth or vice versa, as long as she would end up psychologically undamaged. Due to insufficient engaging of the fetal head, patient A underwent a secondary CS, but nonetheless looks back positively at the experience. Patient B felt calm and less anxious after two sessions of EMDR. Despite her initial request for an elective CS, she agreed to attempt vaginal delivery, and a healthy infant was born. Even though she suffered another second degree vaginal rupture, which fortunately did not cause dyspareunia this time, patient B also looks back positively at the second delivery. Conclusion: Treatment with EMDR reduced PTSD symptoms in these two women, and hence proved to be an effective intervention. Furthermore, both women were confident enough to attempt vaginal birth rather than demanding an elective CS. We advocate a large scale RCT involving women with postpartum PTSD to confirm the effect of EMDR in this patient group.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a frequent consequence of a variety of extreme psychological stressors. Lists of empirically supported treatments for PTSD usually include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), but nonresponse and dropout rates in these treatments often are high. We review the treatment dropout and nonresponse rates in 55 studies of empirically supported treatments for PTSD, review the literature for predictors of dropout and nonresponse, discuss methodological inconsistencies in the literature that make comparisons across studies difficult, and outline future directions for research. Dropout rates ranged widely and may have depended, at least in part, on the nature of the study population. It was not uncommon to find nonresponse rates as high as 50%. Standard methods of reporting dropout and nonresponse rates are needed for reporting outcomes. We suggest guidelines for collecting data to help identify characteristics and predictors of dropouts and nonresponders.
In the letter to the editor titled “On Science, Orthodoxy,
EMDR, and the AIP,” the writer criticizes the
EMDRIA’s defi nition of eye movement desensitization
and reprocessing (EMDR). This defi nition affects
EMDR training requirements, EMDRIA continuing
education credits, the programs selected for the annual
conference, and the work of the Journal for EMDR
Practice and Research. The defi nition was put into place
in 2003 in order to set the professional standard for
the community. It has been revised once and, like all
policies, is subject to further revision based on new
information.
The Journal ’s instructions to authors are located inside
the back cover of every issue. The relevant passage
stated, “Articles that recommend a clinical approach
that differs from EMDR’s standard protocol or its
foundational Adaptive Information Processing model
(Shapiro, 2001) should explain these differences.”The purpose of this instruction was to encourage
clarity rather than conformity. It is important for
Journal readers, some of whom have not been trained
in this method, to know whether the techniques described
are standard for eye movement desensitization
and reprocessing (EMDR) or variations on the
protocol. For example, the reader of an article describing
a technique that combines EMDR with aspects of
another psychotherapy approach such as hypnosis
could assume that hypnotic inductions were part of
standard EMDR unless it was stated clearly which elements
were adapted from that method. The request that authors also clarify points of divergence from
the adaptive information-processing (AIP) model was
similarly intended to generate clarity. It is consistent
with the recognition that a common platform for discussion
is needed, even if that platform is imperfect.
It is also consistent with Shapiro’s teaching of the AIP
model as a clinical heuristic that is subject to revision
in the face of new data or more compelling models.
Rather than thwarting discussion, the request that authors
explain points of disagreement was designed to
promote deeper consideration of the mechanisms and
models underlying EMDR.
In response to Dr. Lipke’s letter, the Journal ’s Editorial
Board engaged in a thorough review process to
examine the value of this instruction and invited responses
(see letters above) from Dr. Shapiro and the
EMDRIA’s Board of Directors to further illuminate
the process. The Editorial Board has a diverse membership,
and there were divergent opinions, including
some disagreements with the following response.
It was decided to modify the identified statement so
that it now reads, “Articles that recommend a clinical
approach that differs from EMDR’s standard protocol
or Shapiro’s (2001) Adaptive Information Processing
model should discuss these differences.”
Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population, as well as focus on clinical issues that can be treated effectively with EMDR. It can feel overwhelming for the clinician to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating children and adolescents. The first topic will address identifying the challenges that children and adolescents present and understand adjustments in the EMDR protocol to accommodate the needs or limitations. The second topic will demonstrate how and when a structured format can facilitate effective EMDR treatment with children. The final topic will identify the challenges of using standard EMDR protocols with adolescents and special issues to consider when preparing them. The members of the panel are the current and immediate past chairs of the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience. The program will be moderated by the Executive Chair, encouraging audience participation throughout the 3 hour program.
Background: Little is known about how to remedy the unmet mental health needs associated with major terrorist attacks, or what outcomes are achievable with evidence-based treatment. This article reports the usage, diagnoses and outcomes associated with the 2-year Trauma Response Programme (TRP) for those affected by the 2005 London bombings. Method: Following a systematic and coordinated programme of outreach, the contact details of 910 people were obtained by the TRP. Of these, 596 completed a screening instrument that included the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) and items assessing other negative responses. Those scoring 6 on the TSQ, or endorsing other negative responses, received a detailed clinical assessment. Individuals judged to need treatment (n=217) received trauma-focused cognitive-behaviour therapy (TF-CBT) or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Symptom levels were assessed pre- and post-treatment with validated self-report measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and 66 were followed up at 1 year. Results: Case finding relied primarily on outreach rather than standard referral pathways such as primary care. The effect sizes achieved for treatment of DSM-IV PTSD exceeded those usually found in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and gains were well maintained an average of 1 year later. Conclusions: Outreach with screening, linked to the provision of evidence-based treatment, seems to be a viable method of identifying and meeting mental health needs following a terrorist attack. Given the failure of normal care pathways, it is a potentially important approach that merits further evaluation.
At the 1997 San Francisco EMDRIA Conference Andrew Leeds (1997) made a landmark presentation on Resource Development and Installation (RDI), in which he highlighted a surprising and dramatic shift in a chronically ill client following and RDI intervention. While Dr, Leeds concedes he is not the first or only proponent of RDI, he has certainly done more than any one else to popularize it s use. The EMDR Institute has recognized its importance and now includes it in Level II trainings. RDI is a powerful psychotherapy tool. Its ego strengthening effects prepares clients for, and lowers resistance to, EMDR processing. In my experience, preceding standard EMDR with RDI can increase the likelihood of safe, simple, and successful trauma processing. For a variety of reasons, unfortunately, some clients resist RDI interventions. This article proposes a model for understanding such resistance.
EMDR is an effective and principled intervention to help people with the impact of
trauma. It also offers powerful resource development approaches. These are useful as preparation
work in processing trauma, but also valuable interventions in themselves. This can be very helpful when circumstances preclude doing trauma work, or when only brief interventions are possible.
Positive installations and resource development are also apt for use with children and young
people, addressing real world functioning in what is often an enjoyable and rewarding way.
Many resource development approaches are well known, and have been used in both standard
and novel ways by practitioners. Others have been developed by individual practitioners, and
also their clients. Often, therefore, there are good methods that could be more widely known.
This workshop presents an account of both standard and non-standard resource development
techniques, with an opportunity for participants to present their own good practice and share
knowledge. There will also be a discussion of resource development within the EMDR protocol,
as part of a principled model for this kind of work., but with a practical view as to how resource
development can make trauma processing both easier and more effective. This paper gives an
overview of using RID with children. We will look at a whole range of RID’s- common ones and
some non-standard, innovative ones. With the participants we will look at purposes, pitfalls, the
extent to which any can be safely ‘given away’, and any experiences of using these in groups. To
our knowledge, the field has not been drawn together in this way, and we hope through a mixture
of presentation and discussion to begin to share our experiences, and develop peoples’ confidence
in extending their repertoire.
Introduction: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relevant technique to improve post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Objectives: To compare the electrophysiological profile of patients suffering post traumatic stress disorder before and after EMDR treatment. Aims: The authors are in search of a specific event-related brain potentials profile for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Eight patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a severe traumatic event, were assessed with event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in a modified oddball paradigm containing auditory standard, target, and novel tones. ERPs were assessed before and after a treatment session using the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method. Results: Psychometric assessment revealed a marked improvement of the PTSD symptoms after treatment. Compared to a control group that underwent sham treatment, ERPs of the patients showed morphological changes in the post-treatment recording, suggesting a reduced orienting to novel stimuli and reduced arousal level after the treatment. Conclusions: EMDR therapy provides clinical improvement and event-related potentials changes that could be used in clinical practice as an interesting marker to assess diagnosis and successful treatment of PTSD.
It is suggested that when we receive a clean body scan, before we continue on to closure, we elicit positive affect and body activation that may currently be associated with the target and install with BLS. Following this we would return to the standard protocol with closure. The rationale for this is presented along with the introduction of an additional scale of SUPAs – Subjective Units of Positive Activation.
Background: No standard intervention with proved effectiveness is available for women with posttraumatic stress following childbirth because of insufficient research. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the possibility of using eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for women with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder following childbirth. The treatment is internationally recognized as one of the interventions of choice for the condition, but little is known about its effects in women who experienced the delivery as traumatic. Methods: Three women suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms following the birth of their first child were treated with eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing during their next pregnancy. Patient A developed posttraumatic stress symptoms following the lengthy labor of her first child that ended in an emergency cesarean section after unsuccessful vacuum extraction. Patient B suffered a second degree vaginal rupture, resulting in pain and inability to engage in sexual intercourse for years. Patient C developed severe preeclampsia postpartum requiring intravenous treatment. Results: Patients received eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment during their second pregnancy, using the standard protocol. The treatment resulted in fewer posttraumatic stress symptoms and more confidence about their pregnancy and upcoming delivery compared with before the treatment. Despite delivery complications in Patient A (secondary cesarean section due to insufficient engaging of the fetal head); Patient B (second degree vaginal rupture, this time without subsequent dyspareunia); and Patient C (postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum hypertension requiring intravenous treatment), all three women looked back positively at the second delivery experience. Conclusions: Treatment with eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms in these three women. They were all sufficiently confident to attempt vaginal birth rather than demanding an elective cesarean section. We advocate a large-scale, randomized controlled trial involving women with postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder to evaluate the effect of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing in this patient group.
This study investigated the patterns of reduction of distress in clinical personality
patterns, severe personality patterns, depressive constructs, other clinical syndromes, severe
clinical syndromes and dissociation following EMDR treatment. Thirty-two people, ranging
from 23 to 65 years old, underwent the full EMDR protocol treatment for up to three traumas.
The findings regarding clinical personality patterns revealed that EMDR is most
effective in reducing the symptoms of dependent personality pattern because 76% of
participants with clinically significant dependent personality pattern before EMDR treatment
no longer had a clinically significant score (>75) on the MCMI-III at the end of EMDR
treatment; compared to 75% with masochistic personality pattern, 77% with negativistic
personality pattern, 69% with avoidant personality pattern, 40% with depressive personality
pattern and 29% with schizoid personality pattern. These gains were maintained on the
MCMI-III at follow-up by 76% with dependent personality pattern, 64% with masochistic
personality pattern, 46% with negativistic personality pattern, 38% with avoidant personality
pattern, 30% with depressive personality pattern and 29% with schizoid personality pattern.
The analysis of the severe personality patterns at the end of EMDR treatment revealed
that the scores on the MCMI-III reduced from within one standard deviation above the mean
(60-74) to below the mean (<60) for 84% of participants with borderline personality pattern,
compared to 68% with paranoid personality pattern and 52% with schizotypal personality
pattern. These gains were maintained on the MCMI-III at follow-up by 84% with borderline
personality pattern, 68% with paranoid personality pattern and 48% with schizotypal
personality pattern.
The analysis of the depressive constructs revealed that EMDR is most effective in
reducing symptoms of major depression as 86% of participants with clinically significant
major depression before EMDR treatment no longer had a clinically significant score (>75) on the MCMI-III at the end of EMDR treatment; compared to 73% with dysthymia and 40%
with depressive personality pattern. These gains were maintained on the MCMI-III at followup
by 86% with major depression, 58% with dysthymia, and 33% with depressive personality
pattern.
The findings regarding the other clinical syndromes revealed that 91% of participants
with clinically significant post traumatic stress before EMDR treatment, no longer had a
clinically significant score (>75) on the MCMI-III at the end of EMDR treatment, compared
to 75% of participants with anxiety. These gains were maintained on the MCMI-III at followup
by 91% of participants with post traumatic stress and 69% of participants with anxiety.
The analysis of the severe clinical syndromes at the end of EMDR treatment revealed
that the scores on the MCMI-III reduced from within one standard deviation above the mean
(60-74) to below the mean (<60) for 78% of participants with delusional disorder, compared
to 67% with thought disorder, 32% with bipolar (manic), 28% with alcohol dependence and
28% with drug dependence. These gains were maintained on the MCMI-III at follow-up by
67% of participants with delusional disorder, compared to 63% with thought disorder, 53%
with bipolar (manic), 48% with alcohol dependence and 57% with drug dependence.
The analysis of the effects of EMDR on dissociation revealed that there was a
significant decrease in symptoms of dissociation on the DES at the end of EMDR treatment
and these gains were maintained at the follow-up measurement at the end of the study.
Whilst the findings of the present study cannot be generalised due to the small sample
size, the findings do suggest that EMDR is successful in the treatment of a number of clinical
conditions in addition to post traumatic stress; with further research being strongly indicated
in order to further explicate the efficacy of EMDR across different psychiatric conditions.
Forty-three individuals diagnosed with classic or common migraine headache were randomly assigned
to either phase 1 of integrated eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or a
standard care medication treatment. Integrated EMDR combines diaphragmatic breathing, cranial
compression, and EMDR for abortive migraine treatment. The comparison standard care medication
group received various abortive medications, including Demerol, DHE, oral triptans, Excedrin, Fiorinal, Percocet, Toradol, and Vicodin. Participants were treated during mid- to late-stage acute migraine and assessed by an independent evaluator at pretreatment, posttreatment, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days for migraine pain level. Both standard care medication and integrated EMDR treatment groups
demonstrated reduced migraine pain levels immediately at posttreatment, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days. However, integrated EMDR treatment reduced or eliminated migraine pain with greater rapidity and showed signifi cantly greater improvement compared to standard care medication immediately posttreatment. [Author Abstract]
This chapter presents a summary of the Phobia Protocol scripted by Marilyn Luber (Shapiro, 2001, 2006). Shapiro distinguishes between two types of phobias: simple phobia (e.g., fear of an object), and process phobia (feature of a situation in which the client must actively participate). Therapists are instructed to use the Standard EMDR Protocol for the following targets over six steps: past memories, present triggers, and a future template. To do the full Phobia Protocol, all six steps should be included. The Phobia Protocol Script is included. [PsycINFO Database]
This paper explores how hypnotic principles can be systematically incorporated into the standard EMDR protocol to enhance various ego strength capacities during EMDR treatment. Expanding these skill areas can widen the therapeutic window of possibility for clients with a variety of complex clinical issues, including posttraumatic, dissociative or personality disorders, anxiety symptoms, and depressive difficulties. Clinical case examples are used to illustrate ways of integrating hypnotic principles within a proposed EMDR protocol to promote ego strengthening and facilitate therapeutic change. [Author Abstract]
Who is the author of PCs? Are they constructed during the assessment phase of treatment or do empowering, calming thoughts emerge during processing? Can we think of these compassionate, confident thoughts as the Self that has been described historically by Carl Jung and currently by Eckart Tolle? This workshop will offer surprising answers to these questions and suggest a new perspective on what really happens during EMDR processing. The Standard Protocol is not changed, but re-examined and extended with exciting treatment tools.
Psychodrama, presenter/participant dialogues, role plays, small group discussion, and practicum experience make this a highly experiential training that is backed by cutting edge neurobiological research and solid theory from leaders in the field.
Poole, de Jongh and Spector ask for empirical research rather than emotive arguments when evaluating EMDR. When one applies this standard, Poole et al.’s remaining points are devoid of substance. EMDR, like other Power Therapies, is a “miracle” cure that has failed. [Cambridge Journals]
Working with severely damaged clients, the clinician
many times is faced with complex and challenging problems.
and staying out of the way during the desensitization phase
definitely not enough to get the SUD's down.
In this workshop a number of new types of interweaves will be
presented, developed to deal with clients who get severely stuck
during the desensitization phase, mostly in complex guilt-issues.
Many times standard cognitive interweaves are not enough to
unblock the EMDR processing, and the clinician has to be creative in order to help clients with these difficult issues. The more damaged the client, the more powerful interweaves are needed.
In this presentation new types of high-impact interweaves are introduced, involving non-cognitive aspects, e.g. visual, sensorimotor, symbolic, spiritual. Learning objectives:
1. Participants develop sensitivity to the dynamics underlying complex guilt-related problems.
2. Participants learn about the characteristics of high-impact interventions.
3. Participants learn to use their own creativity in developing new interweaves.
4. Participants add several powerful new interweaves to their of existing repertoire.
New in this presentation: These interweaves have not been described or presented before. They are applied within the standard EMDR-protocol, so they are an extension of existing principles and techniques.
Recent developments in PTSD treatment
outcome research: Although cognitive behavior therapy is the treatment of choice for
PTSD, there is a need to develop more effective treatments and to
determine factors that influence treatment response. This
symposium presents four studies that address treatment outcome
research. The initial paper provides an overview of treatment
predictors from two trials of cognitive processing therapy. The
second paper reviews the differential responses to treatment of
survivors of terrorist attacks and motor vehicle accidents. The third
paper reviews predictors of outcome following EMDR and
Prolonged Exposure. The fourth paper overviews a series of
studies that have used structural and functional fMRI to identify the
neural factors that predict response to CBT and also the impact of
CBT on neural functioning.
Predictors of treatment response for EMDR and prolonged exposure: Predictors for response to treatment in a controlled study aimed to
evaluate the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to
a no-treatment wait-list control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in
adult female rape victims were examined. In this study, 74
participants with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of the three
experimental conditions to achieve 20 completers per group.
Independent Assessors blind to the treatment condition
administered standard measures of PTSD and related symptoms.
Improvement in PTSD, depression, dissociation, and state anxiety
was significantly greater in both PE and EMDR group than the
WAIT group. PE and EMDR did not differ significantly for change
from baseline to either post-treatment or 6-month follow up
measurement for any quantitative scale. EMDR subjects with 2 or
more comorbid diagnoses, however, improved significantly less
than all other active treatment subjects. At post-treatment and 6-
months, 95% and 94% of PE subjects and 75% and 74% EMDR
subjects no longer met DSM-IV PTSD criteria, respectively. At the
6-month follow-up assessment, 78% of those who received PE and
35% of those who received EMDR met criteria for good end state
functioning (p=.017).
Since 2004, EMDR has been recognized by the DVA and DoD as a top evidence-based treatment for post-traumatic stress disorders according to their own clinical practice guidelines. With high rates of mental health stigma in the military, EMDR has the unique advantage of being noticeably different than standard talk therapy. Service personnel are not required to self-disclose details of events that they have witnessed or participated in, and the effects tend to be more rapid and generalize to other contributing experiences that often underlie difficulties associated with depression, suicide, anger, substance use, aggression, medically unexplained conditions, and so on. [Excerpt]
Until now, best practise regarding treatment of anger seems to be mostly focused on improving control over angry outbursts. The treatment as usual is cognitive and behaviour oriented. For trauma related internalizing symptoms (anxiety, panic, nightmares, avoidance, intrusions), we know that EMDR is much more effective than a standard cognitive behavioural approach. Anger, embitterment and revenge are, more often than we think, also trauma-related symptoms and can be viewed as externalizing reactions to severe maltreatment, powerlessness and/or humiliation. A lot of our veterans have to deal with a permanent elevated arousal and an aggressive response style after they return from war. These externalizing symptoms can have devastating effects on marriage, work and daily live. In trauma-literature, there has been a lack of attention to this debilitating and externalizing side of PTSD.
In the workshop, after a brief review of the literature on anger and revenge, a new perspective will be presented in understanding anger and revenge. An EMDR-based protocol will be demonstrated, which can be used as a cognitive interweave and also as a “stand-alone” tool to process anger- and revenge symptoms. Extensive video footage will be used to illustrate the effect of this treatment on a patient with severe, dangerous and obsessive revenge symptoms. The question, when this add-on tool can be used and when it will be preferable to stick to the standard EMDR protocol, will be discussed. In conclusion, questions from the audience will hopefully lead to an inspiring discussion.
Learning objectives:
Being able to apply the theoretical framework of Posttraumatic Anger in understanding anger symptoms in clients;
Being able to detect which experiences en people from the past contributed to current anger – and anxiety symptoms and know when to apply the standard EMDR protocol or the Rage, Resentment and Revenge Protocol; and
Being able to apply the Rage, Resentment and Revenge Protocol to process and resolve the anger symptoms.
Learning Outcomes For those who are not EMDR therapists this workshop will help to understand how EMDR conceptualizes the work in structural dissociation from the Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP). For people who are not expertise on Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP) a brief description of dissociative phobias and their importance in the work with dissociative disorders will be put forward. The assistants will watch videos of therapies with different patients, in which EMDR is applied using dissociative phobias as targets. Differences with ego states therapy without introducing bilateral stimulation and with standard EMDR protocol will be observable in the case-examples and will be explained in detail. This work represents a different way of using EMDR to stabilize the patient and prepare her/him for future traumatic memory processing.
Clients with chronic and complex Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) caused by severe traumata in childhood,
are often still treated inadequately, especially when they
developed additional dissociative symptoms or a Dissociative
Disorder.
There is a current consensus about the need tomodify the
EMDR standard protocol in the treatment of complex
traumatized and dissociative clients. From the theoretical
background of structural dissociation theory and Janet’s
system of action systems, the therapist has not only to recognize
clients’ deficits but also to address action tendencies
in the client’s inner system that could ameliorate
coping strategies in solving problems in daily life.
With the help of bilateral stimulation, blending of parts
of the personality containing different information can
be promoted often resulting in remarkable changes in the
behavior and resource activation. The main principles
that need to be regarded treating complex and dissociative
clients with bilateral stimulation will be explained
and basic rules for treatment plans including the use of
EMDR will be developed.
English subtitled video examples demonstrate the proposed modification
of the EMDR standard protocol and will
be discussed in detail. I will present shortly recent research
findings on autonomic nervous system alterations
during EMDR. These results help to define special
working mechanisms of our modified EMDR protocol in
clients with dissociative disorders.
Three randomized controlled trials treating PTSD in adult female rape victims will be
presented: Patti Resick on long-term follow-up of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
vs Prolonged Exposure (PE); Edna Foa on PE alone or with Cognitive Restructuring
(CR); and Barbara Rothbaum on PE vs Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing (EMDR) vs waitlist control.
Prolonged exposure vs. EMDR for PTSD rape victims:
This controlled study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE)
and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to a notreatment
wait-list control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims.
In this study, 75 Ss with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of the three
experimental conditions to achieve 20 completers per treatment group. All assessments
were conducted by an Independent Assessor blind to the treatment condition, and
standard measures of PTSD and related symptoms were incorporated. The primary
goals of this study were to compare the relative efficacy of EMDR and PE, and compare
them to the WAIT control group in treating PTSD in rape victims; to gather information
on the differential rate of response to treatment; to develop predictors for response to
treatment; and to gather information on the long-term response to treatment for six and
twelve months following treatment. The mean age of participants was 34.3 (SD = 11.9)
and ranges from 18-63 years. Most participants were Caucasian (69%); 24% are
African American, 3% are Latino, and 3% are Other. The majority were single (53%),
while 28% were married or living with a partner, and19% were divorced or separated.
Treated patients were significantly more improved on all of the PTSD symptom
categories as well as by PTSD diagnostic status than the WAIT participants
immediately post-treatment. Means and standard deviations of PTSD symptom
measures and other symptom measures will be presented and compared for
participants who received PE, EMDR, and WAIT at Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment
and 6-month follow-up.
Saturday, Dec. 8
Concurrent Sessions - Saturday, December 8
I'm writing this as a contribution to the recent discussion regarding the possibility of
modifying the standards for EMDRIA-approved EMDR training. The Training and
Standards Committee's proposals generated a lot of discussion that was long overdue. I
believe that there needs to be more public discussion of these issues. I have published
papers on innovative approaches to training in 1997 (Greenwald, 1997; also Greenwald,
2002b), and I wish that more people would write about issues and approaches to EMDR
training.
This protocol is to be used when there is a high level of suffering, self-denigration, and lack of remediation over time concerning the loss of a loved one. EMDR does not eliminate healthy appropriate emotions, including grief. It allows clients to mourn with a greater sense of inner peace. The protocol is similar to the Standard EMDR Protocol for trauma. The goal of this work is to have your client accept the loss and think back on aspects of life with the loved one with a wide range of feelings, including an appreciation for the positive experiences they shared. Francine Shapiro often brings up the issue: How long does one have to grieve? She asks us to not place our limitations on our clients as this would be antithetical to the notion of the ecological validity of the client's self-healing process. For example, a woman who believed that the death of her infant son was her fault despite her doing everything she could to prevent it, worked with EMDR soon after his death. "I can feel him in my heart. I am grateful for the time we had together. He's in a better place." Her work with EMDR did not take away her grieving but allowed her to accept the loss and to have a full range of feelings about her son. This chapter is a summary of the Excessive Grief Protocol (Shapiro, 2001, 2006). When there is excessive grief, target the following: past memories, present triggers, and a future template. The Excessive Grief Protocol Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
Nuestros protocolos fueron diseñados siguiendo un modelo de Psicoterapia de la Integración (Stricker & Gold, 1996) , que involucran la síntesis de conceptos y métodos tradicionales, dentro de nuevas teorías y sistemas pragmáticos de tratamiento, con el objetivo de desarrollar formas más efectivas de psicoterapia.
Our protocols were designed under a model of Psychotherapy Integration (Stricker & Gold, 1996), involving the synthesis of traditional concepts and methods within new theories and pragmatic systems of treatment, with the aim of developing more effective forms of psychotherapy.
This article focuses on an interesting experience in working with Albanian Kosovar refugees last year in a refugee camp in Hemer, Germany. The authors, though highly trained and proficient traumatologists, worked with a large number of clients for a brief amount of time who had to rely on poorly trained interpreters who were themselves refugees in need of traumatology services (and eventually received it). They describe how Western educated practitioners were forced to adopt their methods of treatment ("standard EMDR model") to fit the requirements of the context. Among other things, they had to represent their work as educational ("information focus groups") and not "treatment" (due to the stigma), skip the time-consuming activities of assessment and rapport building, and accepted the direction of the camp psychologists as to who should or should not receive assistance. The bulk of their report focuses on the their information focus: the focus group content. They most often utilized a solution-focused approach (using eye movements to reinforce positive self-referencing statements) when working with individuals, although EMDR was used successfully with the few who requested it. The latter portion of the report includes three case studies. The authors concluded what worked best is a combination of group and individual work that relied on psychoeducation, accessing positive as well as negative material, and not initially focusing on the trauma. This information should be useful to any practitioner who must overcome similar challenges. [Adapted from Introduction] [Pilots]
Intraoperative awareness with subsequent recall is a rare but serious complication with an incidence of 0.1–0.2%. In approximately one third of the patients who have experienced awareness, late severe psychiatric sequelae may develop. The psychiatric symptoms in these patients fulfil the diagnostic criteria for post traumatic stress disorder. To prevent awareness as a negative outcome after anaesthesia, a thorough perioperative management of anaesthesia is necessary. The definite risk for post traumatic stress disorder following awareness indicates the necessity of postoperative clinical routines to identify awareness patients. The problem must be acknowledged. Professional psychiatric assessment and follow up should constitute standard practice. The treatments of choice are Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.
This workshop will introduce the latest research on the psychology of high performing leaders, and a system for applying it to your EMDR Performance
Enhancement work. Participants will lean how to: explain to their client
the skills, psychological characteristics, and critical success factors of High-
Performing Leaders; explain to their clients the "derailment" factors and
non-rational thinking patterns that are the primary barriers lo high performance;
use this information to do optimum EMDR Performance
Enhancement case conceptualization; utilize the standard EMDR protocol
to reduce/eliminate any performance barriers; utilize an integrated RDI
protocol to strengthen and develop high-performance skills and traits.
Die Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) ist ein häufiges Krankheitsbild und mit einer Standardtherapie, die die spezifische Problematik der Störung unberücksichtigt lässt, nur eingeschränkt behandelbar. Der Beitrag geht auf aktuelle diagnostische Kriterien sowie spezifische Risikofaktoren für die Ausbildung chronischer und komplexer PTBS-Symptome ein. Verschiedene Behandlungsansätze – Konfrontationstherapie, Kognitive Restrukturierung, EMDR, psychodynamische Therapie, angeleitetes Schreiben – werden auf der Basis validierter Therapiestudien vorgestellt. Ausführlicher berücksichtigt werden Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für sexuell traumatisierte Frauen mit chronischer PTBS und komorbiden Beschwerden.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent disorder. But standard treatments which neglect the specific characteristics of the symptomatology are only of limited outcome. The paper focuses on recent diagnostic criteria and specific risk factors that are likely to influence the development of chronic and complex PTSD symptoms. Different treatment programmes and techniques are presented on the basis of validated therapy studies: prolonged exposure, cognitive restructuring, EMDR, psychodynamic therapy and writing assignments. Particular attention is payed to the psychotherapy of sexually traumatised women who suffer from chronic PTSD and comorbid disorders.
Der Artikel beschreibt die Geschichte der modernen Trauma-Therapie seit 1989 und die Entwicklung von der EMDR-Standardprotokoll, um bipolare EMDR. Die letztere Technik wird mit Bezug auf eine Fallgeschichte demonstriert. Im letzten Abschnitt schließlich erweitert die Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten zwischen dem psychoanalytischen Modell von Krankheit und Therapie und ihre therapeutischen Trauma-Pendant. Besonderer Hinweis auf die Art und Weise emotionale Aspekte des Umgangs mit ihnen und den Status der psychosomatischen Symptomen aus. [Abstract Autor]
The article describes the history of modern trauma therapy since 1989 and the development from the EMDR Standard Protocol to bipolar EMDR. The latter technique is demonstrated with reference to a case history. The closing section enlarges on the differences and similarities between the psychoanalytic model of illness and therapy and its trauma-therapeutic counterpart. Special reference is made to the way emotional aspects are dealt with and the status of psychosomatic symptoms. [Author Abstract]
In this article, we provide a summary of research on the efficacy of treatments for PTSD and suggest directions for future work. Although numerous psychological therapies have been suggested and used in patients with PTSD, most efficacy research using gold standard randomized controlled treatment methodology2 has focused on various cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) programs. Accordingly, our review will also focus on CBT.
I'm just writing this as we approach St Patrick's Day and with it the
symbolism of the Shamrock. The story goes that St Patrick used it to explain
the doctrine of the Trinity to the Irish. He took something they were familiar
with and used it to explain something profound. In therapy we can often
harness the power of the iconic when working in the area of resource
installation or when the client becomes stuck and we introduce a cognitive
interweave. I want to share such a case cameo with you.
The protocol I would like to introduce you to today is called “Put Your Best Foot Forward.” The name captures its spirit as well as its occasional manifestation in a therapy session when clients actually put one foot forward. It is a specific therapy procedure in eight parts focused on empowerment. It aims to help clients locate within themselves a somatosensory anchor for confidence when dealing with some recurrent problem. You can work through all eight parts in one therapy session. It is not a one-session treatment, however, nor a replacement for the standard EMDR protocol (Shapiro, 2001). It is an example of the application of EMDR principles to a therapeutic area that has come to be called resource work.
The protocol I would like to introduce is an eight-part therapy procedure called “Put Your
Best Foot Forward.” The name captures its spirit as well as its occasional manifestation in a
therapy session when a client actually puts one foot forward. The destination of this protocol
is empowerment and it uses somatosensory processing to get there. It aims to help clients
locate within themselves a source of confidence when dealing with an unwanted recurrent
problem. You can work through the eight sections in one therapy session but it is not a onesession
treatment. Nor is it a replacement for the standard EMDR protocol (Shapiro, 2001).
This protocol is an example of the application of EMDR information processing principles to
a therapeutic field that has come to be called resource work. [Excerpt]
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is being used
by some clinicians to treat eating disorders. Although there is anecdotal
and case study data supporting its use, there are no controlled studies
examining its effectiveness with this population. This study examined the
short and long-term effects of EMDR in a residential eating disorders
population. A randomized, experimental design compared 43 women receiving
standard residential eating disorders treatment (SRT) to 43 women receiving
SRT and EMDR therapy (SRT+EMDR) on measures of negative body image and other
clinical outcomes. SRT+EMDR reported less distress about negative body image
memories and lower body dissatisfaction at posttreatment, 3-month, and
12-month follow-up, compared to SRT. Additional comparisons revealed no
differences between the conditions pre to posttreatment on other measures of
body image and clinical outcomes. The empirical evidence reported here
suggests that EMDR may be used to treat specific aspects of negative body
image in conjunction with SRT, but further research is necessary to
determine whether or not EMDR is effective for treating the variety of
eating pathology presented by eating disorder inpatients.
This report describes the successful treatment of an unconsummated marriage utilizing standard behavioral techniques with an adjunctive treatment of Eye-Movement-Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Three years ago in which a person's life during the trauma itself in the world can feel safe, confident and have a very significant impact on the relations have to feel effective. In the study, participants simple, safe and effective type of standard protocols will have the opportunity to practice. In this protocol, 1) the early years of trauma for the required security işlemleme create his natural in a way that provides a fast and Preparatory Phase. At this stage, the "Safe Place" instead of "Secure Status" a non-stressful way to define and EMDR'la to be able to meet the "feelings to re-adjustment" method exists. After that, trainers, each age (babies, children, adolescents and adults) for the method will show how to use. After the participants to reach 0-3 years of trauma and to repair 2) more secure, fast and efficient to sort the language and, 3) (Review the experience to assign appropriate Responsibility-Release emotional and physical energy to reach a sense of Safety-Repair the experience by Imagining what was needed in order to have future Choices): Experience of the review, the security of his reach, needed something to imagine the experience to repair and 4) "Creative Blending" (not a therapist, counseling by the uncovered). Study, early age may be a symptom of trauma will be descriptions (eg, somatic disorders and personality disorders), and suspected cases of trauma and neglect the benefits of using this methodology will be revealed.
Main Features of the R-TEP
Target selection:
1) Episode wide focus = period from the traumatic event to the present
2) Use of "Google Search" (G-Search) metaphor to identify multiple targets within the episode (sensory images/ events/ other experiences)
Containment (safety):
1) 8 Phase structure parallel to Standard Protocol
2) Episode Narrative with DAS for grounding
3) Option of using distancing metaphor of TV screen
4) Option of regulation of associations by limiting associations to the image/event/ episode
The following is a summary of the Recent Traumatic Events Protocol scripted by Marilyn Luber (Shapiro, 2001, 2006). For single traumatic events, the Standard EMDR Protocol should be applied to the following targets (assuming they are available). Topics discussed include past memories, present triggers, and a future template. The Recent Traumatic Events Protocol is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
The question of how early to intervene with EMDR in the face of natural and manmade disasters has been an important part of the dialogue of those working in this field. Early EMDR intervention, before consolidation of the memory has taken place, may influence adaptive integration (e.g., process sticking points), promote positive coping (especially if this is not occurring spontaneously), and contribute to the development of resilience. Informed by the work of Francine Shapiro, Roger Solomon, and all of the friends and colleagues in the field who have contributed to the evolution of their thinking and practice and following clinical and empirical experience with early EMDR intervention (EEI) in the wake of the 2006 Lebanon war, the authors have observed that the existing EEI protocols appear to focus on certain aspects or parts of the traumatic episode along an approximate time line continuum following a trauma, in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (APA, 2000). They concluded that the unfinished processing of recent traumatic events may require a broader focus than existing EEI protocols provided. They propose a new protocol called the Recent- Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP), which incorporates and extends the existing EEI protocols by providing a new comprehensive, integrative protocol. The R-TEP thus bridges the gaps left by previous protocols and facilitates a transition from the EMD and RE protocols to the Standard EMDR Protocol. The R-TEP takes the wisdom of the Standard EMDR Protocol (Shapiro, 1995, 2001), and applies it in adapted form for recent events to provide a comprehensive approach to Early EMDR Intervention. After describing the main issues in early EMDR intervention, the authors present the Recent-Traumatic Episode Protocol and the Episode Narrative and Initial Goodle Search Script. The EMD Protocol for R-TEP Script adapted from the EMD Protocol by Shapiro (1995) is also presented, as is the Standard EMDR Protocol Script (Adapted from the Standard EMDR Protocol for R-TEP, Shapiro, 2001). [PsycINFO Database]
Porges’
polyvagal
theory
provides
a
plausible
explanation
for
the
covariation
between
psychiatric
and
behavioral
disorders
and
the
atypical
regulation
of
the
Autonomic
Nervous
System
(ANS).
Porges
himself
associated
this
phenomenon
with
the
failed
maturation
of
the
ventrovagal
circuit,
as
well
as
with
the
child’s
failure
to
learn
the
ability
to
modulate
the
so-‐called
“vagal
break”
which
keeps
the
heart-‐rate
low
and
inhibits
the
influence
of
the
SNS,
allowing
the
modulation
of
the
facial
and
head
muscles
and,
therefore,
the
social
engagement
function,
often
impaired
in
psychiatric
pathologies.
From
a
psychotherapy
standpoint,
Porges’
finding
that
the
maturation
of
the
ventrovagal
circuit
and
of
its
associated
braking
function
occurs
ontogenetically
later
than
that
of
other
ANS
branches
(last
months
of
pregnancy
and
first
year
of
life)
and
that
a
good
relation
with
the
caregiver
is
essential
for
its
development
is
of
significant
importance.
In
this
dyad
–
with
the
cortical-‐bulbar
pathway,
sufficiently
myelinated
at
birth,
regulating
face
and
head
muscles
and
allowing
signals
exchange
with
the
caregiver
–
children
learn
to
confront
their
internal
states
and
the
environment
as
well
as
regulate
their
emotions,
regulating
an
adaptive
neuroception
with
the
consequent
possibility
of
a
good
social
involvement.
This
focus
on
the
first
year
of
life
and
the
caregiver
–
child
dyad,
in
terms
of
time
and
place
for
the
construction
of
biologically
based
behaviors
common
to
all
human
beings,
paves
the
way,
as
anticipated
by
Porges
himself,
for
new
possible
intervention
models
in
psychotherapy
directly
acting
on
the
missed
or
impaired
steps
in
this
first
phase
of
the
psycho-‐physiological
development
process,
without
disregarding
its
psychobiological
quality.
Clinical
Application
Since
I
believe
that
the
inter-‐brain
perspective
is
the
most
efficient
not
only
for
the
etiological
explanation
but
especially
for
the
restoration
of
relational
impairments
occurred
during
brain-‐brain
interactions,
I
chose
eye
contact
(EC),
because,
according
to
several
scholars,
it
is
a
privileged
communication
channel,
in
particular
between
mother
and
child.
Several
scholars
agree
that
all
forms
of
psychopathology
share
a
failure
in
emotional
regulation,
which
can
be
mostly
traced
back
to
the
failure
in
the
child-‐
caregiver
adaptive
tuning
and
therefore
to
the
impairment
of
their
inter-‐brain
communication.
An
intervention
on
the
EC
shifts
the
therapy
focus
on
this
dysregulation
to
restore
its
functions.
The
EMDR
AIP
approach
relies
on
the
brain
adaptive
processing
ability.
EMDR
has
proved,
in
appropriate
conditions
(good
therapeutic
alliance,
client
stabilization,
compliance
with
the
EMDR
protocol),
our
brain
can
repair
traumatic
injuries,
i.e.,
reacquire
and
use
information
dysfunctionally
stored
after
a
trauma.
Successful
use
of
EMDR
on
target
not
directly
traceable
to
a
traumatic
event
(e.g.,
defenses,
chronic
pain,
etc.)
allows
for
the
possibility
to
use
this
processing
tool
in
increasingly
broad
fields
and
refines
its
resources.
Thanks
to
its
three-‐pronged
approach
to
dysfunctionally
stored
information
in
the
brain
(EMDR
works
on
the
cognitive,
emotional
and
somatic
level),
the
inter-‐brain
quality
of
its
scope
(the
therapeutic
alliance
is
part
of
the
healing
process)
and
for
its
focus
on
the
present
(EMDR
works
on
the
present,
i.e.,
on
the
current
and
active
components
of
the
pathogenetic
memory,
bypassing
all
mediations
and
interpretation),
EMDR
seemed
the
most
appropriate
therapeutic
tool
to
intervene
on
the
EC
dysregulation
found
in
several
psychiatric
pathologies.
Conclusion
An
EMDR
protocol
for
the
exploration
and
modulation
of
the
EC
is
proposed.
This
protocol
proved
particularly
useful
with
depressed
or
severely
dissociative
clients.
After
making
clients
aware
of
their
difficulty
in
maintaining
the
EC,
they
are
retrained
to
use
this
contact
first
on
objects,
then
on
animals
(excellent
mediators
of
a
primitive
form
of
social
contact)
until
they
are
able
to
achieve
eye
contact
with
the
therapist.
During
this
training,
clients
are
encouraged
to
become
aware
of
their
body
sensations,
emotions
and
beliefs,
and
the
positive
ones
are
installed
with
BLS.
Memories
of
relational
situations
where
clients
identify
an
impaired
EC
are
identified
and
these
are
targeted
with
the
standard
protocol.
The
focus
then
shifts
to
present
and
future
situations.
The
regulation
purpose
of
this
protocol
affects
the
application
mode:
interventions
must
never
be
dysregulating,
therapists
must
proceed
slowly.
Clients
must
be
rigorously
kept
within
their
window
of
tolerance,
must
be
trained
to
recognize
it
and
able
of
staying
within
its
boundaries
with
respect
to
the
microregulation
of
the
EC.
La
teoría
polivagal
de
Porges
proporciona
una
explicación
plausible
para
la
covariación
entre
los
trastornos
psiquiátricos
comportamentales
y
la
regulación
atípica
del
sistema
nervioso
autónomo
(ANS).
El
propio
Porgues
asoció
este
fenómeno
con
el
fallo
de
maduración
del
circuito
ventrovagal,
por
tanto
el
niño
falla
al
aprender
una
habilidad
también
llamada
“bloqueo
vagal”,
que
mantiene
la
tasa
cardiaca
baja
e
inhibe
la
influencia
del
SNS,
permitiendo
la
modulación
de
los
músculos
faciales
y
la
cabeza,
y
por
tanto,
la
función
optima
del
compromiso
social,
a
menudo
emparejada
con
patologías
psiquíatricas.
Partiendo
desde
un
punto
de
vista
psicoterapéutico,
Porges
encontró
que
la
maduración
del
circuito
ventrovagal
y
su
asociación
con
la
función
de
frenado
ocurre
ontogenéticamente
después
que
otras
ramas
del
sistema
nervioso
autónomo
(Los
últimos
meses
del
embarazo
y
los
primeros
años
de
vida)
y
que
una
buena
relación
con
el
cuidador
es
esencial
para
su
desarrollo
es
significativamente
importante.
En
esta
línea
–
con
vía
córtico-‐bulbar,
lo
suficientemente
mielinizada
en
el
nacimiento,
regulando
los
músculos
de
la
cara
y
la
cabeza
y
permitiendo
señales
de
intercambio
con
el
cuidador-‐
Los
niños
aprenden
a
estar
cómodos
con
sus
estados
internos
y
con
un
ambiente
que
también
regula
sus
emociones,
regular
una
neurorecepción
con
la
consecuente
posibilidad
de
una
buena
integración
social.
Centrándonos
en
el
primer
año
de
vida
del
niño
y
el
cuidador
–
La
pareja
de
niños,
en
términos
de
tiempo
y
lugar
para
la
construcción
biológica
fundamentada
y
basada
en
todos
los
seres
humanos,
allana
el
camino,
como
anticipó
Porges,
para
nuevos
modelos
de
intervención
en
psicoterapia,
actuando
directamente
con
el
paso
perdido
o
afectado
de
esta
primera
fase
del
proceso
de
desarrollo
psicofisiológico,
sin
tener
en
cuenta
su
calidad
psicobiológica.
Aplicación
Clínica.
Desde
que
creó
que
la
perspectiva
del
cerebro
interior,
continúa
siendo
la
más
eficiente
no
solo
para
desarrollar
explicaciones
etiológicas,
también
para
la
restauración
de
los
desajustes
relacionados
ocurridos
durante
las
interacciones
cerebro-‐cerebro.
Escogí
contacto
visual
(ECE),
porque,
de
acuerdo
con
numerosos
investigadores,
es
un
privilegiado
canal
de
comunicación,
particularmente
eficaz
entre
una
madre
y
su
hijo.
Numerosos
profesionales
afirman
que
todas
las
formas
de
psicopatología
comparten
una
fallo
en
la
regulación
emocional,
que
solo
puede
crear
un
error
en
el
la
comunicación
interna
del
cerebro.
Esta
intervención
en
el
EC
modifica
la
terapia
y
la
centra
en
la
desregulación
y
la
restauración
de
funciones.
El
enfoque
EMDR
SPIA
está
basado
en
la
habilidad
de
procesamiento
de
la
información
relevante,
EMDR
ha
sido
probado
en
condiciones
idóneas
(buena
alianza
terapéutica,
estabilización
de
la
queja
del
cliente
disgustado
con
el
EMDR.).
Participants will be able to: 1) explain how the Gold Standards can be applied to evaluate the methodology used in EMDR treatment outcome research studies; 2) describe how differences in outcome are related to differences in methodology, and why better methodology predicts better outcome; and 3) explain how the aggregate evidence demonstrates EMDR's efficacy in the treatment of PTSD.
The controlled treatment outcome studies that examined the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of PTSD have yielded a range of results, with the efficacy of EMDR varying across studies. The current study sought to determine if differences in outcome were related to methodological differences. The research was reviewed to identify methodological strengths, weaknesses, and empirical findings. The relationships between effect size and methodology ratings were examined, using the Gold Standard (GS) Scale (adapted from Foa and Meadows). Results indicated a significant relationship between scores on the GS Scale and effect size, with more rigorous studies according to the GS Scale reporting larger effect sizes. There was also a significant correlation between effect size and treatment fidelity. Additional methodological components not detected by the GS Scale were identified, and suggestions were made for a Revised GS Scale. We conclude by noting that methodological rigor removes noise and thereby decreases error measurement, allowing for the more accurate detection of true treatment effects in EMDR studies (Pilots).
Recent sleep research seems to be consistent with EMDR findings. The standard interpretation of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep is that they represent the dreamer’s visuals canning with the physical movement represented on his or her dream. Recent exploratory research by Hong et al. presented to the Association of Professional Sleep Societies did not find REM correlated with dream “movement” scores. Rather, REM correlated with measures of emotional intensity experienced during the dream and scored as dream themes: anger, verbal aggression, social attack, and surprise. “This finding seems consistent with our experience during EMDR.
Some basic ideas and experiences with Self-administration of EMDR are reported and
three different zones are discriminated: the self-administration zone, the selfadministration
standard protocol zone and the zone of therapy. Different strategies for
self-administration in the case of small trauma "t" and life events "less than t" are
explored, the probably existing risk of a habituation effect is mentioned and a first
modest proposal for a protocol for every day use of EMDR self-administration is
recommended. The development of the EMDR field, the training in EMDR and the
further course of EMDR to a more complete form of psychotherapy are taken into
considerations.
The Resource Connection Envelope (RCE) derives from the assumption that the dialectical healing movement between negative stored memories or problems and positive stored memories or resources is crucial for adaptive processing. The dialectical movement is enhanced when the dialectical poles are made more accessible. The Assessment Phase in the Standard EMDR Protocol makes the problem, which is represented by the traumatic image or picture, more accessible for processing. The RCE aims to complement it by making the resource pole accessible as well. The Resource Connection Script: Past, Present, and Future is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
The following Resource Focused Progression
may be implemented during the Preparation
Phase of the Standard EMDR Protocol. These
interventions are designed to help stabilize and
prepare a client for the traditional EMDR
targeting protocol.
These strategies have been developed by a
number of EMDR clinicians – I have tried to
give credit where credit is due – any omissions
are unintentional.
Resource Installation (RDI) is presented as an option for use in the standard protocol of
EMDR. Consistent with the self healing aspect of the EMDR model, it allows the creation of
an authentic resource sequence which is unique to the client, precisely matching her need or
problem. The resource connection can also serve as a centre of inner strength in the solution
of future problems. This work draws upon three conceptual frameworks in addition to Dr
Shapiro's innate information processing model; (1) the assumption of an unconscious
connection to resources as a source of healing (Erickson and Rossi 1976); (2) Narrative
Therapy approaches of White and Epston (1990) and de Shazer (Focused Solution Therapy
1985); (3) the Jungian assumption of a need to reach a balance between the dialectical
opposites of the psyche (Jung 1963). An appreciation of this dialectic can explain the
unconscious matching between the problem and the resource.
Three types of Resource connections (RC) will be presented:
I. Past resource Connection, or PRC, which is carried out in the beginning of therapy
after identification of the target and before specifying the picture. This is an image of
a memory when the client felt at his best. There is an unconscious match between this
resource and the problem.
2. Present resource connection, or PR. RC. This is a positive image which appears
spontaneously during the processing, or induced by Cognitive Interweave.
3. Future Resource Connection, or FRC, which is an image of the way the client would
like to see himself in a few months or in the more distant future. The use of this chain
of resources during the sessions and outside the therapy room has been found 16 be
very effective.
I will give several examples to demonstrate different possibilities of using RC.
I conceptualize EMDR as the process of linking the trauma from one part of the brain to a solution in
another part of the brain, to reach an adaptive resolution. The standard EMDR protocol proposes
accomplishing this by focusing heavily on the trauma. Most of my clients are adult survivors of
childhood trauma and their tolerance of a trauma-focused protocol is often low. I wondered if the
same adaptive resolution could be accomplished by focusing primarily on the part of the brain
holding the solution rather than the trauma. I recently began developing a resource-focused
protocol, which borrows from Sandra Paulsen’s (1994, 1995, & 1996) suggestions for integrating
EMDR with ego state therapy, and Andrew Leeds’ (1997) protocol for resource development and
resource installation (RD/RI). This new protocol puts significant emphasis on developing and
strengthening the felt sense of well-being connected to resource ego states before EMDR processing,
and maintenance of the sense of well-being during EMDR processing. It involves using the clients’
drawings of resource ego states and traumatized ego states (drawn with the dominant and nondominant
hand) as anchors for ego state processing, and as the focal points in eye movements (EMs).
In this protocol, traumatic material is elicited only when sufficient internal resources, represented by
drawings, are displayed in front of the client. The intention of this approach is to minimize risk of
affect overwhelm and maximize the probability that the part of the brain holding the trauma will link
to the part of the brain holding the solution.
In my experience the resource-focused protocol
In der Traumatherapie wird nicht mehr automatisch nur auf das Schwere fokussiert, sondern ganz bewusst mit den Klientinnen und Klienten nach Ereignissen in ihrem Leben gesucht, die gelungen sind, schön waren, erfolgreich und lustbetont.
Diese Buch vermittelt bewährte Techniken zur Ressourcenaktivierung mit EMDR, von denen die Autoren aufgrund ihrer praktischen Arbeit überzeugt sind. Zusätzlich zum EMDR-Standardprotokoll haben sich eine ganze Reihe von Protokollen entwickelt, in denen die bilaterale Stimulation von EMDR mit verschiedenen anderen Techniken kombiniert wird. Das Buch soll einen Überblick über genau die Techniken geben, bei denen sich die Ressourcenaktivierung mit EMDR im klinischen Einsatz bewährt hat und möchte andere Therapeuten ermutigen, die Techniken ebenfalls auszuprobieren und zu erforschen.
Mit Beiträgen von: Christine Rost, Franz Ebner, Dagmar Eckers, Reinhard Plassmann, Michael Hase, Susanne Leutner, Mark Novy, Björke Kühn von Burgdorff.
In trauma treatment is not automatically focuses only on the severity, but deliberately sought with the clients and clients for events in their lives that are successful, beautiful, were successful and pleasurable. This book provides proven techniques for resource activation with EMDR, of which the authors are confident because of their practical work. In addition to the standard EMDR protocol contains a number of protocols have been developed in which the bilateral stimulation of EMDR with various other techniques combined. The book gives an accurate overview of the techniques which has proven itself the resources activation with EMDR in clinical use and would encourage other therapists to try out the techniques and also to explore. With contributions from: Christine Rost, Franz Ebner, Dagmar Ecker, Reinhard Plassmann, Michael Hare, Susanne Leutner, Mark Novy, Kühn Björke of Burgdorff.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR),
Thought Field Therapy (TFT), Time-Limited Trauma Therapy (TLTT),
Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR), and Visual/Kinesthetic
Dissociation (V/KD) are relatively new approaches in the treatment
of trauma-related disorders. These approaches have come
under intense scientific and professional scrutiny and criticism,
with proponents and critics offering diverse and intriguing arguments
in support of their respective points of view. This discussion
will focus on the current empirical and anecdotal evidence on
the efficacy of these five approaches, as well as various criticisms
that have been proferred in response to the empirical and clinical
literature on treatment efficacy and theory. EMDR will be highlighted,
given the growing empirical database on EMDR outcome
studies and the contention surrounding the treatment and its’ theory.
The evidence for and/or against the other four approaches will
also be presented, upon which we will raise for discussion issues
relating to methodological rigour, scientific reporting of clinical
data, and the interpretation of efficacy studies in general. The discussion
will occur within the context of philosophical discourse on
the ideal of integration of science and practice, and the feasibility
of attaining this ideal within the current scientific Zeitgeist.
INTERVENTION RESEARCH, CLINICAL CASE STUDY
Sandringham
Skills-Based Treatment
of Dissociation: A Case Study 238
Chair: ELHAI, Jon D., Nova Southeastern University
Discussant: GOLD, Stephen
A clinical case study of skills-based treatment of a 48-year-old,
female survivor of child sexual abuse (CSA) reporting severe dissociative
symptomatology is presented. Chief complaints were daily
amnestic episodes, depersonalization, panic attacks, agoraphobia,
and consequent long-term unemployment. In contrast to most
approaches to therapy for dissociative syndromes, it is argued that
treatment does not need to be primarily trauma-focused. Instead
treatment focused on targeting dissociation and anxiety by teaching
skills to be implemented by the client outside of session.
Functional behavioral analysis of particular recent incidents of dissociation
were conducted over several sessions. Imagery-based
relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation were used and monitored
to help the client learn additional methods of reducing distress.
Grounding techniques were implemented to counter the dissociative
tendency to lose experiential awareness of the here and
now. Cognitive interventions were utilized to challenge the erroneous
notions reported about dissociative experiences, such as the
panic she experienced when her dissociation had been revealed to
others. Last, in vivo systematic desensitization was used with a fear
hierarchy, ranging from the least to most fearful stimuli that precipitate
dissociation, where graduated exposure was followed by relaxation.
At termination the client reported elimination of panic
attacks, resumption of driving, and marked reduction in frequency
and duration of amnestic periods, with substantial additional gains
and progress in finding full-time employment reported at 8 month
follow-up. Treatment outcome is assessed based on psychological
test data obtained at intake, discharge, and 8 month follow-up, as
well as client anecdotal report.
This symposium features reports on two randomized controlled studies. The first study is of EMDR (as part of a multi-component treatment) compared to standard care only for 300 incarcerated teens in several New York state facilities. The second study is of EMDR compared to CBT for 57 children and adolescents who were traumatized by exposure to the Enchedde (Netherlands) fireworks disaster.
A standard treatment for anxiety disorders involves exposing clients to anxiety eliciting stimuli. Some theorists have argued that exposure is an essential element in the successful treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are two therapeutic approaches that have been identified as efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. It has been proposed that exposure is the active element in all effective treatments for PTSD, including EMDR. This presentation will address various issues that should be considered in evaluating this proposal. Theories underlying exposure therapies will be summarized and differences between process and mechanism will be discussed. Brief overviews of EMDR and exposure therapies will be provided. Video clips of treatment sessions with exposure therapy and with EMDR will be shown, to illustrate the differences in treatment approaches, clinical focus, and client experience. Shared and unique components will be identified. The use of exposure in EMDR and its possible contribution to treatment outcome will be examined. Unlike prolonged exposure therapy, EMDR uses extremely brief repeated exposures (i.e., 20-50 seconds). Instead of continual and uninterrupted exposure, EMDR repeatedly interrupts the client's focus. Exposure therapy typically maintains a focus on the targeted incident, while EMDR uses a free association process to elicit other related material. Research has shown that high levels of anxiety during sessions of exposure therapy typically predict good outcome with that modality; however in successful EMDR treatment, the client's distress is substantially reduced during the session. Suggestions will be made for future research to identify and investigate mechanisms of action in exposure therapy and EMDR.
Low sexual desire disorder is the most common sexual dysfunction in women. There is no standard definition for "normal" sexual desire and there are many factors that can influence it, hence, low desire can be one of the more difficult sexual dysfunctions treat. Given its inherent complexity, it frequently requires interdisciplinary assessment and treatment. The present symposium is an attempt to share our model for the treatment of this widespread and yet, poorly understood dysfunction. One component of the complexity of low sexual desire is its correlation with other difficulties, for example, PTSD, depression, anxiety, relationship disturbance, physical illness, and life stress. Another one of these concerns is childhood sexual abuse. EMDR has been used very successfully to resolve the trauma associated with sexual assault as well as sexual dysfunctions. We will illustrate the use of EMDR with a woman presenting with low sexual desire and a history of sexual abuse. EMDR methodology will be described. The use of EMDR for abuse recovery as a method of resolving low desire will be discussed. We will explore a number of important therapeutic issues including: (1) fundamental questions of responsibility, control and safety as they relate to sexual abuse and ultimately sexual desire in the current relationship; (2) individuation from partner and perpetrator, barriers to this process and the impact on sexual desire of successful differentiation; and (3) repression of anger and the concomitant physical manifestations. In addition, we will discuss the collaboration with both sexual medicines and psychiatry around modulation of medications to maximize treatment outcomes with EMDR.
Enhancing Outcomes in Women's Health: Translating Psychosocial Behavioral Research Into Primary Care, Community Interventions, and Health Policy; American Psychological Association
[American Psychological Association Public Interest Directorate; Women's Programs].
Secondary traumatization and appropriate self care are relevant current topics for psychotherapists, especially when working with complex trauma. During the application of the standard protocol, EMDR therapists are often confronted with reports of severe traumatic incidents, strong emotions, and different forms of transference. In reaction, they experience post-traumatic counter-transference, and sometimes even secondary trauma. The EMDR standard protocol provides the opportunity for dual application - parallel for client and therapist. Through processing of the initial counter-transference, the therapist experiences a unique EMDR process. This process resolves any disturbance that might occur through counter-transference issues.
Learning objectives:
The therapist can better support the EMDR process of the client, e.g. through more creative ideas for cognitive interweaves. The indication and contra-indications for this procedure will be discussed.
Treatment fidelity is of primary concern in treatment research, because unless the specified
treatment is being properly implemented, the study’s findings cannot be interpreted. In addition to
the “gold standard” of videotaping sessions for later supervision and fidelity rating - which is costly
and labor-intensive - there are many procedures to support treatment fidelity, including manualizing
the treatment, providing training, and providing supervision. I have developed a “session checklist”
form as another tool in support of treatment fidelity. This form, keyed to the steps specified in the
treatment manual, prompts the therapist to implement each component of the intervention, to take
notes along the way, and to check off those steps which were completed. This form supports
treatment fidelity by reminding the therapist what to do, and by serving as an organized record of
the session, to facilitate supervision as well as fidelity rating. A sample session form is presented.
Clients
with
complex
dissociative
disorders
usually
are
in
trauma-‐
induced
wake
trance-‐states.
Due
to
this,
they
might
thrive
from
treatment-‐
strategies,
where
skills
in
clinical
hypnosis,
from
the
side
of
the
therapists,
are
added
to
the
treatment
model.
Clinical
hypnosis
also
offers
excellent
tools
for
working
with
attachment
traumas
and
reinstalls
the
neuroception
of
safety.
This
workshop
highlights
seven
strategies
for
extending
the
EMDR
standard
protocol,
mainly
built
on
clinical
hypnosis.
They
consist
of:
(1)
Formal
hypnotic
induction
of
safe
place/safe
state
BEFORE
introducing
EMDR
under
phase
I
treatment
(2)
Informal
hypnotic
induction
for
ongoing
activation
of
the
social
engagement
system
when
clients
are
in
trance
(3)
Using
hyper-‐empirical
trance
inductions
under
exposure
phase
(ie
helping
the
clients
to
stay
present
with
dual
awareness
by
continuously
inducing
trance,
thus
helping
them
to
titrate
the
trauma-‐material
(4)
Addressing
ego-‐states
that
react
as
if
they
still
are
bound
in
trauma-‐time
(5)
Addressing
resource-‐rich
ego-‐states
and
parts
of
the
self,
f
ex
ISH
(internal
self-‐
helper),
thus
helping
the
client
to
begin
to
metabolize
the
trauma
material
(6)
Installation
of
hope
and
the
“memory
of
the
future”
(7)
Using
post-‐hypnotic
suggestions
for
enhancing
the
neuroception
of
safety
between
sessions.
Learning
objectives:
Demonstrate
how
to
use
EMDR
and
hypnosis
for
stabilization
and
work
with
parts
within
phase
II
work,
addressing
the
special
needs
of
continuous
stabilization
for
this
population.
Develop
an
understanding
of
how
to
enhance
the
integrative
capacity
during
trauma-‐work
with
DD-‐clients.
Apply
structured
techniques
and
rationales
for
calming
and
soothing
patients
related
to
their
integrative
capacity
during
extended
EMDR-‐work.
Los
clientes
con
trastornos
disociativos
complejos
normalmente
se
encuentran
en
estados
de
trance
despierto
inducido
por
el
trauma.
Debido
a
esto,
pueden
crecer
rápidamente
de
estrategias
de
tratamiento,
donde
estrategias
de
hipnosis
clínica
se
añaden
al
modelo
de
tratamiento
por
parte
del
terapeuta.
La
hipnosis
clínica
ofrece
también
excelentes
herramientas
para
trabajar
con
traumas
de
apego
y
reinstalar
la
neurocepción
de
seguridad.
Este
taller
subraya
siete
estrategias
para
extender
el
protocolo
estándar
de
EMDR,
principalmente
basadas
en
la
hipnosis
clínica.
Consisten
en:
(1) Inducción
hipnótica
formal
del
lugar
seguro/
estado
de
seguridad
ANTES
de
introducir
la
fase
I
de
tratamiento
de
EMDR
(2) Inducción
hipnótica
informal
para
la
activación
continuada
de
los
sistemas
de
compromiso
social
cuando
los
clientes
están
en
trance
(3) Uso
de
inducciones
al
trance
hiper-‐empíricas
en
la
fase
de
exposición
(ej,
ayudar
a
los
clientes
a
estar
presentes
con
conciencia
dual
mediante
la
inducción
continua
al
trance,
por
tanto
ayudándoles
a
valorar
el
material
traumático.
(4) Dirigirse
a
los
estados
del
ego
que
reaccionan
como
si
aún
estuviesen
atados
al
tiempo
traumático
(5) Dirigirse
a
estados
del
ego
ricos
en
recursos
y
a
partes
del
yo,
por
ejemplo,
al
ISH
(en
inglés
yo-‐interno
ayudante),
por
tanto
ayudando
al
cliente
a
empezar
a
metabolizar
el
material
traumático
(6) Instalación
de
esperanza
y
la
“memoria
de
futuro”
(7) Usando
sugestión
post-‐hipnótica
para
fomentar
la
neurocepción
de
seguridad
entre
sesiones.
Objetivos
de
aprendizaje:
Demostrar
cómo
usar
EMDR
e
hipnosis
para
estabilizar
y
trabajar
con
las
partes
en
el
trabajo
de
la
fase
II,
dirigiéndonos
a
las
necesidades
especiales
de
estabilización
continua
para
esta
población.
Desarrollar
un
entendimiento
de
cómo
fomentar
la
capacidad
integrativa
cuando
se
trabaja
el
trauma
con
clientes-‐DD.
Aplicación
de
técnicas
estructuradas
y
racionales
para
calmar
y
tranquilizar
a
los
pacientes
en
relación
con
su
capacidad
integrativa
durante
trabajo
extendido
con
EMDR.
Clients with complex dissociative disorders usually are in trauma-induced wake trance-states. Due to this, they might thrive from
treatment-strategies, where skills in clinical hypnosis, from the side of the therapists, are added to the treatment model. Clinical hypnosis also
offers excellent tools for working with attachment traumas and reinstalls the neuroception of safety.
This workshop highlights seven strategies for extending the EMDR standard-protocol, mainly built on clinical hypnosis. They consist of:
1. Formal hypnotic induction of safe place/safe state BEFORE introducing EMDR under phase I treatment.
2. Informal hypnotic induction for ongoing activation of the social engagement system when clients are in trance.
3. Using hyper-empirical trance inductions under exposure phase (ie helping the clients to stay present with dual awareness by
continuously inducing trance, thus helping them to titrate the trauma-material.
4. Addressing ego-states that react as if they still are bound in trauma-time.
5. Addressing resource-rich ego-states and parts of the self, f ex ISH (internal self-helper), thus helping the client to begin to metabolize
the trauma material.
6. Installation of hope and the “memory of the future”.
7. Using post-hypnotic suggestions for enhancing the neuroception of safety between sessions.
Learning objectives:
Demonstrate how to use EMDR and hypnosis for stabilization and work with parts within phase II work, addressing the special needs of
continuous stabilization for this population.
Develop an understanding of how to enhance the integrative capacity during trauma-work with DD-clients. Apply structured techniques and
rationales for calming and soothing patients related to their integrative capacity during extended EMDR-work.
Los clientes con trastornos disociativos complejos normalmente se encuentran en estados de trance despierto inducido por el
trauma. Debido a esto, pueden crecer rápidamente de estrategias de tratamiento, donde estrategias de hipnosis clínica se añaden al modelo
de tratamiento por parte del terapeuta. La hipnosis clínica ofrece también excelentes herramientas para trabajar con traumas de apego y
reinstalar la neurocepción de seguridad.
Este taller subraya siete estrategias para ampliar el protocolo estándar de EMDR, principalmente basadas en la hipnosis clínica. Consisten en:
1. Inducción hipnótica formal del lugar seguro / estado de seguridad ANTES de introducir la fase I de tratamiento de EMDR.
2. Inducción hipnótica informal para la activación continuada de los sistemas de compromiso social cuando los clientes están en trance.
3. Uso de inducciones al trance hiper-empíricas en la fase de exposición (ej, ayudar a los clientes a estar presentes con conciencia dual
mediante la inducción continua al trance, por tanto ayudándoles a valorar el material traumático.
4. Dirigirse a los estados del ego que reaccionan como si aún estuviesen atados al tiempo traumático.
5. Dirigirse a estados del ego ricos en recursos y a partes del yo, por ejemplo, al ISH (en inglés yo-interno ayudante), por tanto
ayudando al cliente a empezar a metabolizar el material traumático.
6. Instalación de esperanza y la “memoria de futuro”.
7. Usando sugestión post-hipnótica para fomentar la neurocepción de seguridad entre sesiones.
Objetivos de aprendizaje:
Demostrar cómo usar EMDR e hipnosis para estabilizar y trabajar con las partes en el trabajo de la fase II, dirigiéndonos a las necesidades
especiales de estabilización continua para esta población.
Desarrollar un entendimiento de cómo fomentar la capacidad integrativa cuando se trabaja el trauma con clientes-DD. Aplicación de técnicas
estructuradas y racionales para calmar y tranquilizar a los pacientes en relación con su capacidad integrativa durante trabajo extendido con
EMDR.
Sexual abuse survivor couples who choose to engage in marital therapy often present with problems around attachment, intimacy, infidelity, rage, a sense of entrapment, feelings of betrayal, low self-esteem, powerlessness, codependency, and a need to control or have power. Their individual histories become critical to understanding what type of interventions to implement as these individuals continue to respond to one another in an almost stylized and predictable manner. This chapter describes a treatment approach that combines Structural Family Therapy (SFT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in marital therapy when one or both partners have a history of childhood sexual abuse. In this approach, the therapist begins with SFT and then shifts to EMDR treatment of the traumatized partner. This shift is to process the survivor's abuse experience so that he or she can come to an adaptive resolution. This sets the stage for the survivor to respond differently to the possible triggers in his or her life as well as in the relationship. Once the EMDR process is complete and the couple participates in joint debriefing of the EMDR intervention, they reengage in the SFT marital sessions while integrating insights and adaptations the trauma survivor has gained from the EMDR work. This approach involves the applications of the EMDR standard protocol. It also uses the core elements of SFT, such as joining, restructuring diffuse and rigid boundaries, relabeling, and enactments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
This chapter presents a summary of the Single Traumatic Event Protocol scripted by Marilyn Luber (Shapiro, 2001, 2006). For single traumatic events, the Standard EMDR protocol should be applied to the following targets (assuming they are available): Past memories; Present triggers, and a Future template. The Protocol Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
This single-case study utilized a repeated-measures design with an ex-Jehovah’s Witness who was treated with EMDR over a two-month period. A brief background history and mental status, particularly relevant to a 37-year old female who was “disfellowshipped” by her entire support network and family after 28 years, served as a baseline for treatment. Symptoms relevant to the Post-Cult Trauma Syndrome, as defined by M. Thaler Singer (1979), are addressed via the Validity of Cognitions Scale (VOC) and the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) used by practitioners of EMDR. In addition, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES) were implemented to further validate intervention results. All measures revealed significant improvement in symptoms following this brief, short-term treatment. Despite the fact EMDR is touted as one of the most effective interventions for trauma-related disorders, there are virtually no empirically based studies that explore the application of this type of therapy with individuals traumatized by cults. It is concluded that EMDR might serve as a standard therapeutic intervention in the treatment of individuals exiting from cults. Ramifications for future research are discussed.
[Author abstract]
Slaying the Monster incorporates the steps of EMDR with a twist - combining bilateral stimulation with drawing, storytelling, and positive cognitions. This technique works for resistant teenagers and adults who tend to dissociate, including DIDs or those who find the standard protocol overwhelming. This unique form of EMDR allows the client to release his target even if he cannot identify it. This workshop will show clinicians how to: 1) identify the step-by-step procedure of Slaying the Monster technique by describing it, demonstrating it and then allowing the clinicians to experience it: 2) demonstrate what to do with clients who are unable to use the standard protocol: and 3) demonstrate through experiential means how this approach reduces presented symptoms.
Participants will: 1) be able to recognize and inquire for sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea and restless legs in their trauma patients; 2) learn how to recognize important features of these conditions, and how they are easily confused with, and thereby overlooked, and commonly found in PSTD suffering clients; 3) learn how to apply this knowledge in their clinical practice to achieve referral for effective treatment for these co-morbid primary sleep problems, and also how to spare themselves and their clients fruitless effort through the use of potentially non-productive EMDR; 4) learn how disorders disrupting REM sleep shed light on theoretical mechanisms and physiology of PTSD, and EMDR, and how this knowledge can be employed in numerous clinically helpful ways; and 5) learn how they can use standard EMDR protocols more effectively with patients with pronounced breathing and speech-related patho-physiology, and thereby enhance the range of treatable patients benefiting from EMDR.
This seminar will describe particular means to strengthen the somatic component of the EMDR Protocol for clients
that have the following characteristics: dissociation from the body, ungrounded, unable to feel somatic sensations
and impulses, lack of a somatic sense of self due to developmental or traumatic wounding, disconnection from
feelings of physical strength, ability to defend oneself, pleasure or power in the body. We will look at different
kinds of somatic resources: groundedness, boundaries, defensive musculature, centering, and physical
empowerment. We will also look at using somatic resourcing with an expanded standard and/or RDI protocol to be
utilized while evoking state specific trauma processing and without evoking state specific trauma processing.
This workshop will present a treatment protocol that is specifically aimed at finding and strengthening a somatosensory basis for confidence
to help clients deal with recurrent difficulties. Short sets of slow eye movements are used. Participants will see video illustrations of different sections of the protocol and review in session outcomes with follow-up report by clients that suggest a generalization towards increased resilience. Participants will also learn the conjectured theoretical underpinnings of
the protocol in terms of neurophysiological processes and relationship attachment issues. This treatment protocol does not replace the standard EMDR protocol but may be used as an adjunct or as a stand alone therapy
for mild to moderate range GAF problems.
Ten child molesters with reported histories of childhood sexual abuse underwent eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) trauma treatment as an adjunct to standard cognitive-behavioural therapy-relapse prevention (CBT-RP) group treatment. Trauma resolution produced significant pre/post changes on all relevant subscales of the Sexual Offender Treatment Rating Scale (SOTRS). One unanticipated benefit was a consistent and sustained decline in deviant sexual arousal compared to the control condition. As measured by the SOTRS, decrease in arousal was also correlated with a decrease in sexual thoughts, increased motivation for treatment, and increased victim empathy. Deviant arousal is strongly associated with sexual recidivism. Clinical observations support the notion that those sexual offenders with histories of childhood sexual abuse may be left with aberrant sexual arousal, which is one pathway to sexual offending. The adaptive information processing model offers an explanation of the decreased and sustained deviant arousal observed in this study. This preliminary evidence supports a call for further research into this phenomenon.
51 war veterans with PTSD symptomatology were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: two sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), an equivalent procedure without EMDR, or a standard psychiatric support control condition. There was an overall significant main effect of time from pre- to posttreatment, with a reduction in symptomatology for all groups. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Participants in the two treatment conditions were more likely to display reliable improvement in trauma symptomatology than subjects in the control group. By 6-month follow-up, reductions in symptomatology had dissipated and there were no statistical or reliable differences between the two treatment groups. Overall, the results indicated that, with this war veteran population, improvement rates were less than has been reported in the past. Also, where improvements were found, eye movements were not likely to be the mechanism of change. Rather, the results imply that other nonspecific or therapeutic processes may account for any beneficial effects of EMDR. [Author Abstract]
Trauma and its ensuing accommodations, including challenging behaviors, have been a growing consideration
for practitioners working with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).
Recognizing the importance of one’s client’s trauma history, practitioners are seeking effective methods
of providing therapy to IDD clients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related
diagnoses. In this exploratory study, using a multiple single case study design, six individuals with IDD
and known trauma histories were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
The researchers employed the standard EMDR protocol, adapting it when necessary to accommodate the
needs of each participant. Outcomes provide preliminary evidence that EMDR may be an effective method
of trauma treatment for clients with intellectual abilities, pointing to EMDR as a treatment with potential
for facilitating healing from trauma with IDD clients.
It appears as though one of the heritages
ofthe psychodynmc model is the belief
in the need for "uncovering memories"
as necessary prerequisites for "working
themthrough." Consequently, it appears
as though some EMDR-trained clinicians
have decided to use a combination
of EMDR and hypnosis for "memory
retrieval." While hypnosis has been a
highly successful and standard form of
practice for many years, its interaction
effects with EMDR have not been systematically
investigated. Therefore, I
would like to issue some additional words
of caution in this regard, since each
clinician is bound to approach issues of
possible "repression" and "resistance"
in ahighly subjective manner. The points
are made below in order to highlight
factors that might possibly have been
forgotten or overlooked by some clinicians
in the merging of variant models.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to be effective for treating PTSD, but its efficacy as a stress management tool for normal individuals in highly stressful occupations has not been demonstrated. 62 police officers were randomly assigned to either EMDR or a standard stress management program (SMP), each consisting of 6 hours of individualized contact. At completion, officers in the EMDR condition provided lower ratings on measures of PTSD symptoms, subjective distress, job stress, and anger; and higher marital satisfaction ratings than those in SMP. The effects of EMDR were maintained at the 6-month follow-up, indicating enduring gains from a relatively brief treatment regimen for this subclinical sample of officers who were experiencing some level of stress from their job. [Author Abstract]
The aim of this paper is to illustrate a self-reparation
model within the framework of a supervision conducted my me.
a therapy plan was defined for my colleague whose patent’s
traumatic experience brought to light her own unresolved traumatic
material.
This innovative approach is not limited to the parallel therapy involving
both patient and therapist, but is an intervention model.
a syncletic approach integrating the standard EMDR protocol and
other contributions: the attachment theory. Freud's and Bion's
'dream-work', A, van der Kolk's and 0,van der Hart's dissociative
disorders treatment, Forgash's and Knipe's Ego States Therapy, A.
Shore's affection regulation and self-repair therapy, Eigen's vision
of damaged bonds.
Maternal abandonment was the common traumatic event. The
patient's mother abandoned him at birth in hospital, where
he remained for a year before being institutionalized and then
adopted. My colleague was abandoned by her mother when she
was one year old. The transition from supervision to EMDR was
facilitated by the vast dream material produced by my colleague;
her dreams represented targets for EMDR.
According to Eigen, dream-work addresses the damage inflicted
on the self, thus the traumas experienced, and plays a major role
in digesting the impact of events and in metabolizing emotions:
through the dreams we try to make the indigestible digestible.
Dream-work constantly reveals states of the self: dreams evolve
within damaged bonds and express the psyche's attempts to undo
the damage or to get the best from it.
EMDR shares the same objectives and tools same as dreams.
At an operational level, EMDR made it possible to analyze the
dream material and to integrate the dissociated dream material
related to the traumatic, catastrophic abandonment induced
damage. The Ego States Therapy allowed my colleague to talk
with her dissociated Ego States, to negotiate with the States a
higher behavioural model, and to free her Ego States held hostage
by others.
At the end of this journey, a dream expresses Ego States integration.
Work on the future using EMDR is concluded with these
thoughts "I want to thank you because the supervision, albeit
not therapy, was an important experience that opened up a new
space for me: the space of perspective. The beam of light crossing
the two sheaves in the dream gives a meaning to the supervision,
supervision has created a third dimension in me: the dream within
the dream. It is the vehicle, the skill to perceive this dialogue
space, intersubjective and intrasubjective, where things change.
It alleviates the feeling of being impotent. The dialectical position
enables me to speak. I am very grateful for that."
My colleague's dreams were incorporated in a dream network
and indicate the phases of EMDR induced mental digestion. My
colleague has rebuilt herself in a supervision scenario.
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of EMDR in hitherto
unthought-of areas, i.e., within the framework of supervision.
Föreningen EMDR Sverige vill lämna följande kommentarer till
utkastet till riktlinjer avseende behandling av akut stressyndrom
och posttraumatiskt stressyndrom.
International Society for Traumatic Stress studies gör regelbundet sammanställningar
av evidensläget [1]. Det är viktigt att beakta att psykologiska
behandlingsformer i form av traumafokuserad KBT och EMDR är de viktigaste
och mest effektiva behandlingar. EMDR har varit kontroversiell men
är det inte längre, utan är en internationellt accepterad behandlingsmetod för
PTSD. Det är fortfarande inte allmänt accepterad att ögonrörelser har betydelse,
men nyligen har svensk och australisk forskning visat att ögonrörelser
under EMDR har tydliga fysiologiska effekter som är meningsfulla [2, 9],
dessutom har alla studier av fysiologi vid EMDR hittills samstämmande
visat dessa effekter, enligt en litteratursammanställning [3].
Under senaste åren har forskning om minnesfunktion och sakkadiska
ögonrörelser visat att minnessystem som till exempel episodminne (som ofta
är störd vid PTSD) påverkas på ett gynnsamt sätt av ögonrörelser [4-8]. Således
finns det i dag mycket som stödjer att ögonrörelser är meningsfulla
även om det kan vara svårt att förstå vid första anblicken. EMDR och exponeringsbehandling
är lika effektiva enligt metastudier, bland annat Cochrane
och i ISTSS aktuella genomgång av effektiva behandlingsmetoder för
PTSD.
Referenser
1. Foa E, Keane TM, Friedman MJ & Cohen JA. 2009. Effective
Treatments for PTSD Practice Guidelines from the International Society
fro Traumatic Stress Studies. Guilford,New York.
2. Elofsson, U.O., et al., Physiological correlates of eye movement desensitization
and reprocessing. Journal of anxiety disorders, 2008.
22(4): p. 622-34.
3. Söndergaard, E., Psychophysiological studies of EMDR. Journal of
EMDR Practice and Research, 2008. 2(4): p. 282-288.
4. Stickgold, R., EMDR: A putative neurobiological mechanism of action.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2002. 58(1): p. 61-75.
5. Parker, A. and N. Dagnall, Effects of bilateral eye movements on
gist based false recognition in the DRM paradigm. Brain and cognition,
2007. 63(3): p. 221-5.
6. Parker, A., S. Relph, and N. Dagnall, Effects of bilateral eye movements
on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information.
Neuropsychology, 2008. 22(1): p. 136-45.
EMDR Association of Sweden makes the following comments to
Draft Guidelines for the treatment of acute stress disorder
and post-traumatic stress disorder.
International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies makes regular summaries
of evidence-mode [1]. It is important to note that psychological
treatments in the form of trauma-focused CBT and EMDR is the most important
and most effective treatments. EMDR has been controversial but
it is no longer, but is an internationally accepted method of treatment for
PTSD. There is still no generally accepted that eye movements are important,
but lately, Swedish and Australian research has shown that eye movements
during EMDR has clear physiological effects that are meaningful [2, 9],
Moreover, all studies of physiology at the convergence of EMDR to date
shown these effects, according to a literature review [3].
In recent years, research on memory function and Sakka wash
eye movements showed that memory systems, such as episodic memory (which is often
is disturbed in PTSD) is affected in a favorable way of eye movements [4-8]. Thus
today there are a lot of support that eye movements are meaningful
although it may be difficult to understand at first glance. EMDR and exposure therapy
are as effective as meta-studies, including Cochrane
and in ISTSS current review of effective treatments for
PTSD.
References
1st Foa E, Keane TM, Friedman MJ & Cohen JA. 2009th Effective
Treatments for PTSD Practice Guidelines from the International Society
fro Traumatic Stress Studies. Guilford, New York.
2nd Elofsson, UO, et al., Physiological correlator of eye movement desensitization
and Reprocessing. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2008.
22 (4): p. 622-34.
3rd Sondergaard, E., Psychophysiological studies of EMDR. Journal of
EMDR Practice and Research, 2008. 2 (4): p. 282-288.
4th Gold Stick, R., EMDR: A putative neuro Biological mechanism of action.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2002. 58 (1): p. 61-75.
5th Parker, A. and N. Dagnall, Effects of bilateral eye movements on
GIST-based false recognition in the DRM paradigm. Brain and Cognition,
2007th 63 (3): p. 221-5.
6th Parker, A., S. Relph, and N. Dagnall, Effects of bilateral eye movements
On the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information.
Neuro-Psychology, 2008. 22 (1): p. 136-45.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychological treatment method used primarily for people who have experienced trauma. This article provides a systematic research synthesis of EMDR studies targeting trauma symptomatology published between 1997 and 2003. This synthesis builds on the Revised Gold Standard (RGS) as a guide to evaluate empirical EMDR studies. Modifications and additions to the RGS criteria are proposed. The resulting standard is referred to as the Platinum Standard (PS). 16 EMDR studies are reviewed and critiqued using the PS criteria. None of the studies reviewed met full PS criteria. The mean score for the studies on the PS was 8.28, with 9 of the studies exceeding the mean. The review calls for researchers to employ more rigorous research designs for EMDR effectiveness using PS criteria. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed. [Author Abstract]
This presentation will help clinicians recognize and address the confusing or inexplicable aspects of trauma as they follow standard EMDR protocol. Children who experienced complex trauma, adults who had childhood trauma and individuals who have had medical trauma may be at risk for confusion that interferes with executive functioning, learning and attachment. This workshop will present ways to address confusion through cognitive interweaves, developmentally appropriate explanations, cohesive narrative and specific targeting of physical sensations. The presentation will provide case studies accompanied by slides, videos, practicum and discussion.
Los pacientes con trastorno límite de la personalidad y adicciones suponen un desafío
para los centros de atención específicos. Los pacientes con patología dual suelen presentar
dificultades en los programas orientados a la evitación del consumo. No solo
por sus frecuentes problemas interpersonales sino debido a que su problemática de
adicción no se ajusta al patrón prototípico de abuso o dependencia de sustancias.
La terapia Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), orientada al tratamiento
de las experiencias desde las cuales se han desarrollado ambos trastornos, permite un
abordaje integral de ambos problemas. EMDR es una terapia que aborda las situaciones
relacionadas con trauma temprano y apego disfuncional, altamente prevalentes tanto
en el trastorno límite de personalidad como en las conductas adictivas.A través de un
caso clínico se ilustra un posible plan de tratamiento para trabajar la patología dual
desde EMDR.
Patients diagnosed with borderline personality and substance abuse disorders represent
a challenge for specific treatment centers.These patients tend to experience difficulties
in substance or alcohol abuse programs due to their frequent interpersonal problems
and their addiction patterns, which do not fit into a standard pattern of substance abuse
or dependence. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, oriented
toward the treatment of the experiences that originate both disorders, allows an integrated
approach of both problems. EMDR is a psychotherapy that addresses early trauma
and dysfunctional attachment experiences, which are highly prevalent both in BPD and
substance abuse disorders.We will illustrate a possible treatment plan from the EMDR
perspective through a case example.
Chronically traumatized clients with complex dissociative disorders need careful preparation. There is currently consensus that the EMDR standard protocol needs to be modified for chronically traumatized clients, as it may destabilize them. Thus, the therapist needs to have a good understanding of the dissociative personality structure that exists in their clients, the dissociative parts, their strengths and deficits, and their interrelationships. Using the framework of phase-oriented treatment and the theory of structural dissociation of the personality, this workshop will help participants understand the preparatory work necessary before integrating traumatic memories and discuss important procedural considerations for each phase of EMDR.
Following the attacks on the New York World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program initiated a response establishing the New York City Disaster Mental Health Recovery Network. The network provided coordination and assistance to local psychotherapists who volunteered to provide treatment to individuals directly affected by the tragedy. The psychotherapists utilized both the EMDR standard protocol and the EMDR Recent Events protocol during the initial aftermath and ongoing recovery at the World Trade Center site. The development of the network is reviewed, and detailed descriptions are provided regarding three cases to illustrate the use of the EMDR Recent Events protocol. The research findings reported by Silver, Rogers, Knipe, and Colelli that demonstrated support for EMDR as a postdisaster treatment are summarized. Further research is recommended. [Author Abstract]
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment was found to maintain superiority to newly initiated standard Kaiser Care, which consisted of individual therapy plus variations of medication and group therapy. A 3- and 6-month follow-up of individuals randomly assigned to either EMDR treatment or standard care (SC) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicates that significantly greater improvements found with EMDR at posttreatment in an earlier article (S. Marcus, P. Marquis, & C. Sakai, 1997) were maintained on measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and general symptoms. Of the original 67 participants in this large HMO study, 44 were assessed at 3-month follow-up and 36 were assessed at 6-month follow-up by an independent assessor. The study indicates that a relatively small number of EMDR treatment sessions result in substantial benefits that are maintained over time.
For those clients who are suffering from Complex PTSD, especially those whose condition originates in childhood abuse or neglect,
dissociation is likely to be part of the presenting clinical picture. To the extent that dissociation is occurring, the healing power of EMDR
may be blocked, and more importantly, the use of the standard EMDR protocol may put the client at risk for a non-therapeutic dissociative
abreaction.
Learn how to work more directly with the body and the physiology of emotion during key phases of EMDR treatment with individuals, including
assessment, case conceptualization, affect tolerance work, resource development and trauma/standard protocol processing. Celia Grand, LCSW; and Deborah Grant, LCSW; will introduce workshop panicipants to the Four Panes Model as a treatment model for using somatically-based work
in the context of EMDR therapy. They will present psychophysical techniques and protocols for managing and regulating arousal states, giving
special attention to when to use these techniques and why using them may best support clients in working with complex PTSD.
Transpersonal psychology has been strongly influenced by the nondual spiritual traditions of the East. These traditions describe a natural unconditioned state of awareness that is every human's birthright. Realization of this awareness brings peace, freedom, joy, and acceptance of life as it is. As EMDR fosters personal integration and transformation, clients sometimes report contact with this profound awareness during a session. A specialized transpersonal EMDR protocol targets distractions to this awareness and can be used once clients have sufficiently progressed with the standard protocol. The transpersonal protocol, in conjunction with the open-hearted and quiet presence of the therapist, invites clients into their natural contentment. Goals, methods, and roles fall away as therapist and client discover their shared ground. The ritual of psychotherapy unfolds into satsang, the celebration of nondual awareness. Several spiritual teachers with nondual orientations confirm the value of EMDR in working with obscurations to this awareness. EMDR has a surprising and powerful contribution to make to transpersonal psychology by helping to facilitate and stabilize the experience of nondual awareness. [Text, p. 338]
"La terapia EMDR ha obtenido reconocimiento internacional como tratamiento de elección para el trastorno de estrés postraumático, aunque su utilización se ha extendido a numerosas patologías. Desde EMDR se entiende que el origen de los síntomas está en experiencias traumáticas previas que se almacenan en el cerebro de una manera disfuncional. La resolución de los problemas presentes del paciente se consigue a través del procesamiento de las memorias traumáticas, que se reconsolidarán como memorias ordinarias. El procedimiento estándar incluye no sólo el procesamiento de eventos pasados, sino también de las situaciones presentes y la proyección de futuro. Para su aplicación específica en casos de abuso sexual es preciso tener en cuenta si se trata de un abuso temprano y/o prolongado, sobre todo un abuso sexual intrafamiliar, ya que las consecuencias en este caso van más allá de un estrés postraumático simple, como ocurre en un episodio aislado de agresión sexual en un paciente con una historia previa sin elementos de traumatización grave temprana. En este artículo se ejemplificará con casos clínicos la aplicación diferencial en ambos casos."
"EMDR therapy has achieved an extense international recognition as treatment of choice for PTSD. Its use has been extended to a broaden field of pathologies. From the EMDR perspective, symptoms are considered to feed on previous traumatic experiences, and the patient´s problems resolution will be achieved throughout the processing of this dysfunctionally stored information, that becomes reconsolidated as an ordinary memory. The standard EMDR procedure includes not only the processing of past events, but also the processing of present situations and future scope. In order to use EMDR in sexual abuse cases, it is crucial to differentiate between early abuse (overall intrafamiliar abuse) and single sexual aggression in adulthood. The first situation has more severe consequences and needs modified EMDR procedures oriented to severe traumatization and dissociation. The implementation of this therapy will be illustrated with clinical case examples."
This chapter reviews some of the pertinent elements of the model we use to guide EMDR practice and a variety of its clinical applications. Since the first application of EMDR was the treatment of PTSD, we'll begin there. The International Society For Traumatic Stress Studies has accepted EMDR as a standard and effective treatment, which has been validated in comprehensive meta-analyses of all PTSD treatments. [Text, p. 113]
Because of their vulnerability children as well as adults
with developmental disorders are supposed to be at greater risk to suffer from the disruptive effects of trauma or cumulating
negative life events. Resulting psychopathology or behavioral
problems might bring them into contact with institutional psychiatric
or educational care.
On the basis of four video-illustrated clinical vignettes various aspects
according the use of EMDR are discussed.
Institutionalization in itself can be traumatizing as shown by
EMDR treatment of an adult with autism and traumatic memories
of being outplaced and long-term isolated.
Outplacement might be a consequence of untreated trauma. EMDR
can relieve suffering as shown by the treatment of a 12-year
old boy with behavioral problems who's family ties were broken.
Outplacement can be traumatic and as a consequence block
personal growth as illustrated by the case of a 48-year old man
with mild to moderate intellectual disability and autism, who
had been institutionalized at the age of 8.
Desperate parents regain educational skills by using a combination
of EMDR and intensive psychiatric family support as illustrated
by the case of an 8 years old girl with supposed multi-complex
developmental disorder (McDD).
Adaptations of the standard protocol might be necessary when
using EMDR in patients with psychiatric disorders as shown in
two of the cases that will be presented.
As posttraumatic stress symptoms can be manifested differently
in this population there is a risk of diagnostic errors.
Learning objectives: Participants take note of possibilities to
make EMDR beneficial to the institutionalized population; are
able to identify adaptations to the EMDR protocol required by
particular needs of clients with developmental disorders; are
able to use EMDR to help parents to overcome the trauma of
having a child with developmental disorders; become aware of
nonspecific symptoms of trauma in this special population.
Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct disorder in conjunction with other contributing factors. Trauma history is virtually universal in this population, and trauma effects can help to account for many features of the disorder including lack of empathy, impulsivity, anger, acting out, and resistance to treatment. The current standard of care fails to fully address trauma, which may partially explain the low success rate. A trauma-focused individual therapy approach is presented as one example of how this population might be more effectively treated. This approach features motivational interviewing, self-control training, and trauma resolution and integrates eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Two illustrative case examples are presented and discussed. [Author Abstract]
The mainstream treatments for Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) are Cognitive Behavioral and Prolonged
Exposure Therapies (CBT & PE). These closely studied evidence based
treatments also show high relapse, dropout, and failure
rates of up to half of those treated (Bryant, R., et al., 2008, p.
555). While not as well researched and harder to measure in
terms of the gold standard in Evidence Based Practice of
Psychology (EBPP), studies of “alternative” treatments and their
methods, yield different and interesting evidence.
Using the standards espoused by EBPP alongside
alternative movements, this study examined modalities used in
veterans’ treatment. A guiding question was “What can the field
of trauma studies learn from a systematic and comparative
review of the research and treatment of combat veterans
suffering the sequelae of trauma?” Included in this integrative literature review—which
generates a critique and theoretical synthesis of a body of
literature (Torraco, R., 2005, p. 356)—were peer-reviewed
studies from 2006-2010. The participating studies consisted
largely of Veterans Administration (VA)-funded, CBT/PE
treatments, with an average of over 32 patients per participating
study, of approximately 13 weeks duration, and where 20% of
patients avoided treatment, 25% dropped out, and 30% failed
treatment altogether. Concept matrix analysis of data included
distillation of essential statements further reflecting poor
tolerability, dropout, failure, and an inability to maintain
symptom reductions (75% of studies). Authors tended to
overstate positive effects while omitting adequate examination of
study design and construct validity, leading to dearth bias,
defined as scarcity of evidence hiding behind citations.
From this integrative review of the literature a
reconceptualization and agenda for future research emerged.
The reconceptualization stems from the usefulness of hybridized
efficacy and effectiveness research, self-reflection and
bracketing, and more accounting for dearth bias. The future
agenda recommends practitioners use concept matrices as
iv
research and practice tools, conduct more common factors
research, and develop more clinical practice-based evidence.
Especially as related to knowledge evaluation, increased
accountability, and system-wide change, these recommendations
can assist the spread of more diverse and useful EBPP, to help
relieve some of the pain of the traumatized combat veteran.
A literature review of current treatment models for child molesters and contemporary theories of etiology suggests a gap between theory and practice. Despite emerging recognition of the importance of addressing etiological issues in sexual offender treatment, many programs resist addressing the trauma sequelae of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in those sex offenders where it is present. Adding trauma treatment to standard sexual offender treatment was identified as a means to closing some of that gap. 10 child molesters with reported histories of CSA were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Subsequent to adding this trauma resolution component, there was improvement on all six subscales of the Sex Offender Treatment Rating Scale as well as decreased idiosyncratic deviant arousal as measured by the penile plethysmograph. The current study reviews qualitative data collected during treatment and at posttreatment interviews. [Author Abstract]
This study explored the use of adding trauma resolution therapy to standard cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention therapy for sex offenders. Ten adjudicated sex offenders with sexual abuse histories were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as an adjunct to standard outpatient sex offender treatment. Data points include self-report, other-report, assessment instruments, session transcripts, research journals, and physiological measures. Systematic treatment research and development methods (Bischoff, McKeel, Moon, & Sprenkle, 1996) resulted in a proposed treatment protocol. Emergent themes from a cross-case, grounded theory data analysis are presented. The data suggests the adjunct treatment provided some benefit both to participants and to the goals of standard sex offender-specific treatment. Implications for treatment providers, marriage and family therapy, and future research are discussed.
Twenty-four participants from a local domestic violence center were selfselected
into an individual therapy-plus-standard advocacy group (P/SA) or a
standard advocacy (SA) group. The center’s advocacy staffed administered
treatment for the SA group and the P/SA group. In addition to the SA treatment
received by individuals in the P/SA group, there were also six licensed
therapists who provided a manualized treatment incorporating CBT and
EMDR. Symptoms of PTSD, depression, CSE, self-esteem, and coping skills
were assessed.Additionally, saliva sample measurements were taken to examine
the effect of treatment on the regulation of salivary cortisol. Results indicate
that participants in the P/SA treatment condition experienced a
significantly greater reduction in intrusive symptomatology and overall level
of PTSD symptom severity, as well as a greater increase in CSE over time
than those individuals in the SA condition. Moreover, changes in CSE were
related to changes in psychological symptoms in individuals in the P/SA group
from pretreatment to posttreatment and at follow-up.Almost no linear relationship
between changes in CSE and other psychological variables in the SA
group emerged.A minimal impact of treatment on coping skills was observed.
There was a move towards a greater regulation of salivary cortisol at posttreatment
in the P/SA group.
Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct disorder in conjunction with other contributing factors. Trauma history is virtually universal in this population, and trauma effects can help to account for many features of the disorder including lack of empathy, impulsivity, anger, acting out, and resistance to treatment. The current standard of care fails to fully address trauma, which may partially explain the low success rate. A trauma-focused individual therapy approach is presented as one example of how this population might be more effectively treated. This approach features motivational interviewing, self-control training, and trauma resolution and integrates eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Two illustrative case examples are presented and discussed. [Author Abstract]
Historically, the standard EMDR training has focused primarily on the trauma resolution component of trauma treatment. This experiential workshop expands the focus to lay a broader foundation for EMDR. The focus will be on understanding the impact of trauma on current presenting problems, developing a trauma-informed case formulation, and developing a comprehensive trauma-informed treatment plan. The gods of this workshop are to help participants to: (a) identify clients for whom EMDR may be appropriate; (b) prepare those client for EMDR; and (c) sequence treatment activities so that EMDR is most likely to be safe and effective.
Introdução: Flashback, sono e autoestima perturbados, reatividade e agressividade, são efeitos de traumas. Prejudicam a vida pessoal e social. Dilatam a demanda em psicoterapia desafiando a rede publica de saúde. Novas saídas fazem-se urgentes, que antecipem e melhorem efeitos curativos. Desde 87 na Califórnia, Francine Shapiro criou a Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, ou simplesmente Psicoterapia por Reprocessamento de Informações, inspirada nos movimentos oculares típicos do sono REM. Método: Estudo comparativo entre efeitos de psicoterapia com ou sem recursos do EMDR, aplicando as escalas Beck para ansiedade, depressão e desesperança, e uma escala de impacto de eventos, antes e após uma sessão. Aos sujeitos do grupo experimental foi aplicado o protocolo padrão de EMDR e para os do grupo controle, o método da psicoterapia da fala. Resultados: A análise estatística demonstrou que, embora o estado inicial dos sujeitos de ambos os grupos fosse o mesmo, houve diferença significante nos resultados, na comparação pós-intervenção, para todos os itens pesquisados. O grupo de sujeitos atendidos em psicoterapia por EMDR apresentou pontuação final muito abaixo da inicial para ansiedade (p < 0,0001), depressão (p < 0,0001), desesperança (p = 0,0001) e impacto de eventos (p = 0,0083), em relação àqueles atendidos pela terapia da fala. Conclusão: A psicoterapia com EMDR é adequada para tratamento de situações traumáticas, e apresenta resultados expressivos desde a primeira sessão sobre o impacto do evento e sintomas de ansiedade, depressão, desesperança. Pelos resultados e agilidade deve ser cogitada para grandes demandas tais como na rede pública de saúde.
Introduction: Flashback, disturbed sleep and self-esteem, aggression and reactivity, are effects of trauma. Affect the personal and social life. Dilate demand in psychotherapy defying public health network. New outlets are made urgent that anticipate and improve curative effects. From 87 in California, Francine Shapiro created the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, or simply Psychotherapy for Reprocessing Information, inspired by the eye movements typical of REM sleep. Methods: Comparative study of effects of psychotherapy with or without features of EMDR, applying Beck scales for anxiety, depression and hopelessness, and a scale of impact of events before and after a session. The subjects in the experimental group was administered the standard protocol for EMDR and the control group, the method of psychotherapy speech. Results: Statistical analysis showed that although the initial state of the subjects in both groups were the same, there was a significant difference in results when comparing post-intervention for all items surveyed. The group of subjects treated with EMDR in psychotherapy presented final score far below the initial anxiety (p <0.0001), depression (p <0.0001), hopelessness (p = 0.0001) and impact of events (p = 0.0083), compared to those treated by speech therapy. Conclusion: Psychotherapy with EMDR is suitable for treatment of traumatic situations, and presents significant results from the first session on the impact of the event and symptoms of anxiety, depression, hopelessness. The results and agility should be considered for large demands such as in public health.
Casualties from the Iraqi War were evacuated to a field hospital in Rota, Spain, and were screened for combat-related stress conditions. Four combat veterans requested immediate relief of their posttraumatic symptoms prior to returning to the United States. A single session of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) led to significant improvement in their acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. A detailed account of those treatment sessions, as well as the proposed alterations of standard protocols for time-limited fieldwork, is presented. Compared to other early interventions, EMDR may be better suited for combat veterans. The results are promising but in need of further research.
The use of ego-state interweaves and/or extensive ego-state therapy (utilized in the preparation phase) and
integrated into EMDR targeting (phases 3-7), in the treatment of personality disorders, has not received a great
deal of attention at conference presentations or in the published media. This has led to minimal or nonresponsiveness
in the EMDR treatment of personality disorders, since aspects of dissociation in these clients have
not been addressed. In the past ten years, renown neuroscientists, such as Eric Kandel, Joseph LeDoux, Michael
Gazzaniga and V.S. Ramachandran, in response to empirical findings in the fields of memory, neuromodularity,
split-brain research and information processing, have begun to suggest that the “self” may very well be a
collection of memories that are structured in a fragmented (neuromodular) multiplicity that is developmentally
inherent. Ramachandran, LeDoux and Gazzaniga have, each, stated, explicitly, that the sense of a “cohesive and
monolithic” self is an “illusion” created by areas in the left cerebral hemisphere. Accordingly, just as the EMDR
standard protocol was adapted for recent traumatic events (in response to acute memory fragmentation), so
must it be modified for inherent memory and personality fragmentation, by the use of extensive ego-state work
(preparation) and ego-state-specific EMDR targeting (phases 3-7). The implementation of these techniques has
shown a remarkable advance in the treatment of personality disorders, which had, previously, been rather
impervious to EMDR treatment.
This is a three-hour program designed for the
EMDR professional who is interested in learning
about using EMDR with clients with eating disorders. Attendees will receive updated, current
treatment approaches, with the latest research on
attachment and its impact on early brain
development. The program will describe how
early brain development relates to the
development of eating disorders. Trauma's impact
on the body will be reviewed. Trauma's impact
on emotion regulation and the management of
affect will be discussed. Participants will learn to integrate EMDR into a phase oriented treatment approach through the following techniques:
Variations of EMDR for symptom reduction and
stabilization in eating disorder treatment;
Resource development for affect regulation;
Identification of triggers and targets for standard
EMDR protocol; Working with future templates
for relapse prevention using EMDR.
An overview of the current standard treatments of headache.
Participants train in Phase 1 (acute headache relief), Phase 2 (multi-session headache treatment) and 'Phase 3' (home treatment program for Patients after having had 35 successful full Phase 1 and Phase 2 treatments).
Participants learn about the etiology of headache, taking a brief headache questionnaire, identification of headache triggers, the "headache threshold theory ', Dr. Marcus' migraine research, the Integrated EMDR protocol and are trained in applying the protocol in practice, informed consent, transfer issues and understanding the role of the executor of the treatment.
Een overzicht bieden van de huidige gangbare behandelingen van hoofdpijn.
Deelnemers trainen in Phase 1 (acute headache relief), Phase 2 (multi-session headache treatment) en ‘Phase 3’ (home treatment program for patients after having had 35 succesfull Phase 1 and Phase 2 treatments).
Deelnemers leren over de etiologie van hoofdpijn, het afnemen van een korte hoofdpijn vragenlijst, identificatie van hoofdpijntriggers, de ‘headache threshold theory’, Dr. Marcus’ migraine onderzoek, het ‘Integrated EMDR protocol’ en worden getraind in het toepassen van het protocol in de praktijk, informed consent, overdrachts issues en het begrijpen van de rol van de uitvoerder van de behandeling.
Eye movement desensitization/reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new treatment that has produced beneficial results for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety complaints. EMDR is a clinical treatment method developed to stimulate central nervous system information processing which has been disrupted by trauma experiences. A recent study tested whether EMDR was an effective treatment for decreasing gambling events among pathological gamblers. A gambling event was considered to be each separate gambling activity (i.e., buying a lottery ticket, a session of video poker). Pathological gamblers were hypothesized to be viable candidates for EMDR treatment because of the potential existence of unresolved trauma-related anxiety which may drive pathological gambling behavior. That is, pathological gambling may be a way for anxious individuals to cope with and try to control their anxiety. Nineteen clients who met DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling and reported trauma histories appropriate for EMDR treatment were non-randomly classified into the EMDR treatment group or a control group. There were no significant differences in mean frequency of gambling events between the two groups pre-intervention. The EMDR-treament group received psychotherapy before and after their treament; control subjects received psychotherapy while they were on a wait list for EMDR treatment. The EMDR treatment targeted life events, not gambling-specific events. This study found that among pathological gamblers, EMDR was effective in significantly decreasing the mean frequency of gambling events. In addition, EMDR was significantly more effective in reducing frequency of gambling events than standard psychotherapy. EMDR was more effective among clients who had trauma histories. This study’s author suggests that these preliminary findings support an anxiety-based etiological model for gambling
disorders. While EMDR treatment for pathological gambling needs to be further researched, alternative explanations for these findings must be considered. Particularly, the variability of time in therapy pre-EMDR in this study may indicate that simply staying in treatment longer and being committed to change may be driving the successful treatment outcome.
The role of trauma in the etiology of impotence or erectile dysfunction (ED) appears to be underestimated in the current sex therapy literature. With newer pharmacological treatments available, less attention is being given to exploring other modalities of intervention for this condition. In a thorough assessment of a client presenting with a complaints of impotence, it becomes evident that once a medical clearance is given which rules out organic factors, the very existence of the condition becomes an issue fraught with complexities and drama. The original onset of the ED may be perceived as traumatic in itself or evoke successive traumas over time. Or there may be residual trauma from the client’s early history, which impact on the development of the ED is not immediately accessible or evident to the client and/or therapist, thereby undermining the traditional sex therapy interventions for impotence. EMDR is an effective means of identifying and resolving trauma of varying origins. In light of this, it was offered as a treatment intervention to two clients, both of which were in their fifth decade of life and had opted out of pharmacological treatment of ED and who had not resolve the issue with other techniques. This 30 minute symposium presentation will include two clinical case presentations with the goals of elucidating the : 1) role of the traumatic component in erectile dysfunction, 2) use of the EMDR standard protocol as an element of the treatment and rapid resolution of ED, 3) unique suitability of EMDR in sex therapy for client without partners.
This presentation will focus on key factors believed to contribute to the development and maintenance of OCD: a damaged, diffuse sense of self; a perceived inadequacy to function, to meet the vicissitudes of life; and an elaborate defence system designed to offer the illusion of safety and control (avoidance of affect and action). Given the prominence of cognitive distortions and avoidance of affect in OCD, and the impact of EMDR on such phenomena as exhibited in the literature about EMDR treatment with PTSD, Whisman believes EMDR has the potential to be quite beneficial in the treatment of OCD. EMDR seems to allow the OCD client to hold a dual focus: the illusion of the disorder and the reality of the self; and to tolerate the affect accompanying this processing. Bridging past experience and present behavior, EMDR appears to allow new connections to be made that offer the client a distance form the disorder and a strengthening of the self. A model for educating the client about OCD will be presented a model whcih develops a "language" between therapist and client and bridges self and disorder; changes in the standard EMDR protocol will be presented and demonstrated via videotape; and EMDR components such as targeting, cognitive interweaves, and resource installation will be addressed. Clinical observation and client self-report are pointing to EMDR as an effective treatment component for OCD.
Will
present
on
the
treatment
of
OCD
and
OCD
Spectrum
y
Disorders
using
Eye
Movement
Desensitization
and
Reprocessing,
(EMDR).
This
treatment
is
based
on
clinical
research
and
practice,
integrating
Anxiety
Disorder
treatments
such
as
cognitive
techniques
and
response
prevention
with
EMDR.
The
diagnoses
of
Obsessive
Compulsive
Disorder,
Hoarding,
Trichotillomania
and
Skin
Picking
and
their
interaction
with
underlying
PTSD
will
be
discussed
and
standard
EMDR
treatment
protocols
presented.
This
will
be
presented
in
the
context
of
the
Adaptive
Information
Processing
Model.
Theoretical
models
will
be
presented.
This
treatment
integrates
the
use
of
future
template
and
behavioral
feedback
for
success
of
anxiety
treatment.
Participants
will
learn
how
to
specify
EMDR
targets
for
rapid
symptom
reduction
and
how
clients
can
integrate
self-‐use
of
bilateral
stimulation
to
increase
treatment
results.
Case
examples
will
be
presented.
Participants
will
be
encouraged
to
discuss
and
receive
feedback
on
OCD
cases
of
their
own.
Cross-‐cultural
applications
and
understanding
will
be
explored.
Dr.
Marquis
is
the
Anxiety
Team
Leader
at
Kaiser
hospital
and
has
been
practicing,
teaching
and
training
EMDR
internationally
since
1991.
Dr.
Sprowls
is
an
expert
in
PTSD
and
Anxiety
Disorder.
She
has
been
practicing,
teaching
and
training
EMDR
internationally
since
1993.
Presentaremos
el
tratamiento
del
TOC
y
trastornos
del
espectro
obsesivo-‐compulsivo
usando
el
reprocesamiento
ocular
rápido
EMDR.
Este
tratamiento
está
basado
en
investigaciones
y
práctica
clínica,
integrando
tratamientos
para
los
trastornos
de
ansiedad,
como
técnicas
cognitivas
de
prevención
de
respuesta
con
EMDR.
El
diagnóstico
del
trastorno
obsesivo
compulsivo,
más
concretamente,
la
Tricotilomanía
y
desgaste
epitelial
y
su
interacción
con
un
oculto
TEPT
serán
discutidas
y
los
protocolos
estándar
de
tratamiento
EMDR
serán
presentados.
Será
presentado
en
el
contexto
del
modelo
de
procesamiento
adaptativo
de
la
información.
Los
modelos
teoréticos
serán
presentados.
Este
tratamiento
integra
el
uso
de
planes
de
futuro
y
feedback
comportamental
para
el
éxito
en
el
tratamiento
de
la
ansiedad.
Los
asistentes
aprenderán
a
especificar
las
dianas
del
EMDR
para
una
reducción
rápida
de
los
síntomas
y
como
el
cliente
puede
integrar
el
uso
de
la
estimulación
bilateral
para
incrementar
los
resultados
del
tratamiento.
Ejemplos
de
caso
serán
presentados.
Animamos
a
los
participantes
a
discutir
y
recibir
feedback
en
casos
de
TOC
propios.
Las
aplicaciones
interculturales
y
el
entendimiento
del
trastorno
serán
explorados.
El
Dr.
Marquis
es
el
director
del
equipo
de
ansiedad
en
el
hospital
Kaiser
y
ha
estado
practicando
y
entrenando
EMDR
de
manera
internacional
desde
1991.
La
Dra.Sprowls
es
una
experta
en
TEPT
y
trastornos
de
ansiedad.
Ha
estado
practicando,
enseñando
y
formando
en
EMDR
de
manera
internacional
desde
1993
Installation of Future Template:
a. Ask the client to mentally progress in time to identify an image (stationary picture) of a
situation which he considers as desired and in which he acts adequately (there should be no
negative or catastrophic aspects in the picture or in client's behavioral response). This image
should represent an 'optimal response' to the situation.
b. Install an appropriate positive belief statement (i.e., "I can handle it") by bringing up the
future image and keeping in mind the belief statement while engaging in sets of eye
movements (like in the installation phase of the standard protocol).
c. After each SEM check the VoC by asking:"As you hold that image in mind, how true do the
words (state the PC "I can handle it") feel to you now on a scale from 1 to '7, where 1
represents "It feels completely false" and 7 represent "It feels completely true?". Clontinue as
long as the client reports a strengthening of validity.
d. Check client's self-efficacy with: "To what extent do you believe you are able to actually
handle this situation?" and rate this using a VoC scale. Continue with installing the PC as
long as the client reports a strengthening of his self-efficacy. [Excerpt]
36 patients with PTSD were randomly allocated to individual treatment with imaginal exposure (image habituation training - IHT), or applied muscle relaxation (AMR) or eye movement desensitization (EMD). Assessment by a blind independent rater and self-report instrument applied pre and posttreatment and at 3-month follow-up indicated that all groups improved significantly compared with a waiting list and that treatment benefits were maintained at follow-up. Despite a failure to demonstrate differences among groups, there was some suggestion that immediately after treatment EMD was superior for intrusive memories. [Author Summary]
This workshop is aimed at all EMDR clinicians who sometimes struggle with the standard protocol. It highlights some of the common difficulties encountered when using EMDR, and offers practical solutions based on the theoretical background. We will consider responses to questions frequently asked in supervision including: Why is processing so slow with this client? Why has it stopped? How do we speed it up again? Why does processing result in my client being overwhelmed? How can we slow it down again? What if the client doesn't have a negative thought?
A literature review was conducted to examine whether EMDR should be considered an empirically-supported treatment for PTSD. Relying largely but not exclusively on electronic data bases such as Medline and PsycInfo, journal articles published through April 2003 were identified which reported a randomized experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of EMDR in treating PTSD. EMDR appears to be an empirically supported treatment for adults with single-trauma civilian PTSD. However, the evidence supporting the effectiveness of EMDR is much less compelling when we focus on children, combat PTSD, multiple-trauma PTSD, and whether EMDR is more effective than exposure therapies. Proponents of EMDR hotly debate proponents of exposure therapy regarding methodological issues, with each side in the debate frequently employing a double standard. Clinicians are advised to use either EMDR, exposure therapy, or stress-inoculation therapy when treating civilian adults with single-trauma PTSD. They may also want to employ EMDR when treating children with PTSD or clients with multiple-trauma or chronic PTSD. But if they do, they should do so in light of the inadequate evidence base, be guided by future evaluations of EMDR with these populations, and recognize that many more sessions of EMDR, with less robust effects, may be required than what they might currently expect. [Author Abstract]
The treatment of traumatic memories in the therapy of chronically
traumatized patients who have complex dissociative disorders needs
careful preparation and the utmost care. The standard EMDR protocol is
not sufficient for memory work with these patients, and can destabilize
them. Thus, the therapist needs to have a good understanding of the
dissociative personality structure that exists in these patients, including
dissociative parts, their strengths and deficits, and their
interrelationships. Using the framework of phase-oriented treatment and
the theory of structural dissociation of the personality, this workshop will
help participants understand essential preparatory work which has to be
completed before working through traumatic memories with EMDR, and
become more knowledgeable about using modified EMDR approaches
to work with traumatic memories in these complicated cases. The theory
of structural dissociation helps the therapist become aware of which
dissociative parts of
the personality (and their interrelationships) need to be included in the
preparation phase, which deficits need to be recognized and treated,
and which resources need to be developed for the treatment of traumatic memories to be
successful. Attention is also given to a comparative approach, i.e., guided synthesis. Both
approaches need largely the same preparation. A modified protocol of EMDR for complex
dissociation will be presented. Videos of EMDR and guided synthesis will be shown in the
workshop.
Learning objectives:
1. Participants will be able to: Describe structural dissociation and why
understanding of this phenomenon is needed for adequate treatment of traumatic
memories.
2. Apply specific modified EMDR protocols for the treatment of traumatic memories
in complex dissociation.
3. Describe the guided synthesis approach and how it differs from the EMDR
approach.
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic anxiety disorder with recurrent obsessions, like persistent thoughts, mental images, impulses, and compulsions such as repetitive behaviours or mental acts, that are performed after obsessions. This workshop will provide clinical information on the presenter's use of EMDR with a patient with OCD, as well as some examples provided by other clinicians who have worked with patients with OCD. In addition, general information on OCD (e.g., epidemiology, neurobiology) will be discussed. The presenter will highlight what is unique about the use of EMDR with OCD, difficulties she met in using EMDR with an OCD patient, and adaptations she used to improve treatment. She will describe how to use the standard 8 step approach (past, present, future), how to identify targets, managing OCD symptoms and barriers in his day-to-day life. The presenter will look at how to manage challenges that arise for the clinician with this population. Participants will have an opportunity to apply the strategies with a case example exercise. (All Levels)
Today EMDR is widely recognized as one of the most effective therapies for simple trauma. But if people
suffer from complex trauma, with dissociative disorder, EMDR, as it has been invented originally,
becomes problematic. The therapist has then to develop his/her art in order to keep the therapeutic
process ongoing. Numerous authors conceptualized many different ways of adapting the EMDR standard
protocol for those apparently difficult clients. Here also, there is no consensus between therapists who
are extremely cautious and take a lot of time before coming to the trauma confronting phase, and those
who go earlier to desensitization and do further adaptations. Which are the risks ? How to adapt therapy
to the sometimes chaotic life style of the person ? In which ways EMDR could be adapted to overcome
this dilemma and be more efficient, even with those clients known as being difficult ?
Disruptive behavior disorders such as Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Tourette's Disorder, Intermittent Explosive
Disorder and, to a lesser extent, some children with Bipolar Disorder, are among the most difficult conditions for clinicians to treat.
The difliculty is two-fold: Clinicians must find the balance between developing a rapport and working with the disruptive child
while also addressing the concerns of the parents who may be beyond their level of tolerance and looking for prompt improvement
and frequently the child's very diagnostic condition - disruptiveness - may prevent the child from willingly participating in the
treatment, despite the good rapport that the child and clinician may have.
EMDR is, a technique which has shown great promise in helping children who are 'stuck' break through their own stubbornness and
disruption to help them achieve a sense of self-control, insight and self-confidence. It also provides parents with reason to hope that
a prompt improvement maybe possible.
The essential aspect of successful utilization of EMDR with disruptive disorders resides in the creativity of the clinician and the
modfication of the standard EMDR protocol. Using EMDR with children, especially with young children, requires a nonstandard
administration only loosely based on the standard protocol. Children often won't - or can't - verbalize cognition's or adequately
employ SUDS scales reliably. Disruptive children may have access to their cognitions, but may decline to cooperate with clinicians.
The key in using EMDR with Children - as with many other techniques employed in treating children - is to make -the technique
challenging or fun or maybe a bit mysterious, depending upon the presentation of the child and his or her ability to take some
responsibility for the treatment process. The key with disruptive children is knowing how to combine EMDR usage with
engagement of the difficult child.
This workshop explores the use of such nonstandard EMDR administrations as auditory cueing and hand tapping and will review
how EMDR has been used to engage very difficult children.
The presentation will include both successful and unsuccessful treatment outcome, focusing on the identification of hidden
handicaps which could prevent engagement of a diflicult child and techniques on how to overcome those handicaps to help the child
to help him or herself.
Background: The use of psychological therapies in dermatology is being increasingly recognized because stress and negative emotions are major factors in a wide range of dermatologic disorders. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new psychological intervention which was first described to be effective in post-traumatic stress disorder, a condition associated with extremely stressful life situations. Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of EMDR in primary dermatologic disorders where psychological stress plays an important part in the pathogenesis of the disorder, and in clinical situations where the dermatologic symptom is the feature of a stress-related psychiatric disorder. Methods: Four patients (two patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, respectively, whose symptoms were exacerbated by stress, one patient with acne excoríee associated with body image pathology as a result of childhood emotional abuse, and one patient with generalized urticaria associated with post-traumatic stress disorder) were treated using the standard EMDR protocol with 3–6 sessions for a period ranging from 4 to 12 weeks, and followed up for 6–12 months after the end of EMDR therapy. Results: All 4 patients experienced a marked improvement in their symptoms after 3–6 sessions of EMDR, within a period of ?3 months, and maintained improvement during followup periods of 6–12 months. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that EMDR may be beneficial in the treatment of a wide range of stress-mediated dermatologic symptoms.
Antécédents: Le stress et les émotions négatives étant les principales causes de certaines dermatoses, la psychothérapie est de plus en plus reconnue en dermatologie. La désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement est une intervention psychologique relativement nouvelle, qui, à l'origine, était décrite comme efficace pour le syndrome de stress post-traumatique, une condition associée à un style de vie extrêmement stressant. Objectif: Nous avons évalué l'efficacité de la désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement dans les troubles dermiques primaires, où le stress psychologique joue un rôle important dans la pathogenèse du trouble, et dans les situations cliniques où le symptôme cutané est causé par le trouble psychique relié au stress. Méthodes: Quatre patients (2 patients souffrant l'un de dermatite atopique et l'autre de psoriasis, dont les symptômes ont été exacerbés par le stress, une patiente souffrant d'acné excoriée associée à un complexe de l'image du corps découlant d'abus psychologiques durant l'enfance et un patient atteint d'urticaire genéralisée associée au syndrome de stress post-traumatique) ont été traités à la désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement, avec 3 à 6 séances durant une période allant de 4 à 12 semaines, et suivis pendant 6 à 12 mois après la fin du traitement. Résultats: Les 4 patients ont été soulagés de leurs symptômes aprés 3 à 6 séances de traitement au cours d'une période ne dépassant pas 3 mois et leur amélioration s'est maintenue durant les 6 à 12 mois de suivi. Conclusion: Les résultats préliminaires suggèrent que la désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement pourrait être bénéfique dans le traitement d'un éventail de symptômes cutanés reliés au stress.
Multi-sensory Trauma Processing (MTP) is a short-term treatment technique designed to deal with many common problems that arise in more long-term therapeutic interventions. Eyemovement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a critical element of this therapy; however, it varies in several ways from the standard EMDR protocol used in research. Referring to it as MTP helps to distinguish the more global approach of this therapy from that of EMDR. MTP uses the alternating stimulation that is the foundation of EMDR; however, MTP simultaneously uses three alternating stimulations consisting of alternating sounds and tapping, as well as eye movement. Although it is unclear exactly how this alternating stimulation creates positive change, there are two credible theories which seek to explain its efficacy. One is that stress hormones released during exposure to a traumatic incident cause the memory of the incident to become "frozen" or unprocessed in the right brain, particularly the hippocampus. This frozen memory apparently leads to the symptoms of PTSD. Alternating stimulation may enable both hemispheres of the brain to process the traumatic memory, moving it from being "stuck" to an appropriate memory of the past. Other theorists have noted the eye movement commonly used in EMDR is similar to the back-and-forth movement of eyes in REM sleep; one symptom of PTSD is disturbed REM sleep and a change in eye movement accompanying this type of sleep. By replicating what the brain does naturally in REM sleep, the natural ability of the brain to process a memory may be reactivated. [Adapted from Text, pp. 180-181] [Pilots]
Twelve-step recovery models and EMDR are highly complementary when appropriately combined. In this workshop, participants will identify the most common problems encountered in traditional addiction treatment models and consider how proper implementation of EMDR can provide elegant solutions. Participants will learn how to apply knowledge from the literature to formulate a list of “best practices” for using EMDR with addicted populations. Finally, participants will learn how to utilize the standard EMDR protocol (along with some simplified variations) in a recovery-specific fashion to help clients overcome their recovery roadblocks. This workshop contains interactive lecture, video clips/discussion, small group discussion activities, and a live demonstration/discussion.
Why would you do EMDR, a decidedly individual therapy, with couples? How do you decide with whom to use EMDR? And is there anything besides trauma processing that EMDR brings to conjoint couples therapy?In 8 out of 10 couples sessions, I use the Standard Protocol to clear trauma from inside and outside the relationship and from before and after the couple met. The partners envision and practice new behaviors with the Future Template. Dual Attention Stimulus (DAS) can enhance self-soothing. Additionally, when a partner sees the other partner do EMDR or is seen doing EMDR, differentiation is enhanced in each. [Text, p. 283] [Pilots]
Last year over 3 million children were exposed to physical and sexual abuse, and/or community and domestic violence (based on
conservative estimates. Of these, approximately 1 million will require mental health, medical and educational services related to
PTSD symptoms. The present workshop will make extensive use of videotaped sessions to illustrate the effectiveness of EMDR
with traumatized children and children who exhibit symptomatology related to the major psychiatric syndromes exhibited in
childhood.
General considerations in using EMDR with children will be covered. Issues related to client safety during EMDR will be
illustrated with a tape of a 10-year-old boy who was traumatized by physical abuse and his inability to protect his younger brothers.
Standard protocols for use with children will be demonstrated by videotape, ranging from protocols appropriate for eight-year-olds
and older; to those appropriate for most five- to eight-year-olds; and finally to those appropriate for children less than five. For
example, nightmares are often a target of choice for young children, and this will be illustrated with a video of a four-year-old boy
resolving a nightmare image.
Diagnostic issues in using EMDR with children will also be covered. A majority of children referred for psychotherapy are referred
for abuse (physical and sexual) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An overview of ADHD will be provided,
with a discussion of how these-symptoms often overlap with PTSD symptomatology, causing diagnostic difficulties. Videotapes
and overheads will be used in case presentations. The effects of divorce on children will be adumbrated, along with developmental
considerations. Again, videos will be used to amplify the discussion. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on children, and how
EMDR can be helpful with these children will be another major topic for consideration. Videos illustrating this process will be
presented. PTSD in children will be examined, along with developmental considerations, and illustrated by videotape. If possible,
footage from children traumatized by the bombing in Oklahoma City, will be included. Other videos could include using EMDR
with a four-year-old child who was in an automobile accident, whose behavior continued to be impaired six months later, and a
youth who accidentally shot and killed his younger cousin. Childhood disorders following bereavement will also be discussed and
illustrated via videotape. References will be provided.
This paper will describe the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in preadolescent children using Eye Movemetn Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR has been shown to bring rapid relief in adults with PTSD. Studies are beginning to show that it can also be useful in work with young children. However, the standard protocol requires some adjustment. In addition, in situations where children have complex difficulties in addition to PTSD, EMDR may need to be used alongside other interventions within a complex treatment package.
Method: This study describes brief work carried out with 4 preadolescent children with PTSD. Three of these children had received no treatment, in sprit of suffering from significant and chronic symptoms for some years. One had suffered traumatic bereavement. All had additional problems with required intervention. EMDR was use as part of a comprehensive treatment package.
Results: In all cases, the children’s PTSD symptoms resolved within 2-4 sessions of EMDR. The maximum total number of sessions was 7. The children’s symptomatic improvement was maintained at 6 month follow-up.
Comment: EMDR can be adapted for use with preadolescent children. It can provide rapid and lasting symptomatic relief. EMDR can be a useful part of a multi-modal treamtne package for young children with PTSD and additional mental helath problems.
Reference: Tinker, R., & Wilson, S. (1999). Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children. New York: Norton.
This 38-page booklet is written for therapists already trained in EMDR, and features an overview and beginning technical repertoire for adapting EMDR for use with children and adolescents. Although for many years this was the only documented standard of care in EMDR for children and adolescents, now there is much more comprehensive information available (for example, EMDR in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy).
Last year over 3 million children were exposed to physical and sexual abuse, andor community and domestic violence (based on
conservative estimates. Of these, approximately 1 million will require mental health, medical and educational services related to
PTSD symptoms. The present workshop will make extensive use of videotaped sessions to illustrate the effectiveness of EMDR
with traumatized children and children who exhibit symptomatology related to the major psychiatric syndromes exhibited in
childhood.
General considerations in using EMDR with children will be covered. Issues related to client safety during EMDR will be
illustrated with a tape of a 10-year-old boy who was traumatized by physical abuse and his inability to protect his younger brothers.
Standard protocols for use with children will be demonstrated by videotape, ranging from protocols appropriate for eight-year-olds
and older; to those appropriate for most five- to eight-year-olds; and finally to those appropriate for children less than five. For
example, nightmares are often a target of choice for young children, and this will be illustrated with a video of a four-year-old boy
resolving a nightmare image.
Diagnostic issues in using EMDR with children will also be covered. A majority of children referred for psychotherapy are referred
for abuse (physical and sexual) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An overview of ADHD will be provided,
with a discussion of how these-symptoms often overlap with PTSD symptomatology, causing diagnostic difficulties. Videotapes
and overheads will be used in case presentations. The effects of divorce on children will be adumbrated, along with developmental
considerations. Again, videos will be used to amplify the discussion. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on children, and how
EMDR can be helpful with these children will be another major topic for consideration. Videos illustrating this process will be
presented. PTSD in children will be examined, along with developmental considerations, and illustrated by videotape. If possible,
footage from children traumatized by the bombing in Oklahoma City, will be included. Other videos could include using EMDR
with a four-year-old child who was in an automobile accident, whose behavior continued to be impaired six months later, and a
youth who accidentally shot and killed his younger cousin. Childhood disorders following bereavement will also be discussed and
illustrated via videotape. References will be provided.
EMDR is a proven tretment for many disorders including emotional distress and trauma. At times, however, the level of distress can be so severe that the use of EMDR can be difficult or impossible to use without flooding the client with overwhelming and debilitating emotions. The incorporation of Energy Psychology techniques into the standard protocol for EMDR can contain and reduce the level of distress to allow for successful treatment with EMDR. This workshop will introduce participants to the basic theory of Energy Psychology and teach several techniques to reduce overwhelming affect and to relax and center the client.
Effective treatment of trauma and addiction is a serious clinical challenge. The purpose of this workshop is to educate clinicians about the similarities between chemical and behavioral addictions, the negative consequences of leaving trauma untreated, and the expected benefits of using an integrated model of DeTUR™ (Desensitization of Triggers and Urges; Popky, A.J., 2001) and EMDR for the treatment of addictions. Participants will be able to describe the steps of DeTUR™ through lecture and demonstration. Participants will be shown how DeTUR™ can be integrated into the standard EMDR protocol, focusing on desensitizing triggers and urges, leading to identification of core traumas to be reprocessed.
La ricerca sull’EMDR si stà orientando sempre più anche in ambiti diversi dal PTSD.
Il presente lavoro verte sull’applicazione del protocollo standard dell’EMDR integrato con la terapia comportamentale-cognitiva in disturbi diversi dal PTSD.
Sono stati considerati n° 26 pazienti affetti da: disturbi dell’umore (12), disturbi d’ansia (13) e disturbi dell’alimentazione (1). L’età del campione complessivo è compresa tra i 20 ed i 59 anni.
Si è partiti dal presupposto di considerare le varie patologie come conseguenza di nuclei traumatici non risolti e di utilizzare, quindi, lo stesso metodo valido per il PTSD.
Si è idealmente suddivisa la metodologia in tre fasi:
1. Assessment nel quale viene elaborata una “mappa” dei traumi (utile sia per una maggiore autoconsapevolezza del paziente che per il terapeuta), valutati lo stile di attaccamento (su cui, se necessario, si dovrà lavorare es. con l’incremento delle risorse, prima di utilizzare l’EMDR) e la capacità di individuazione e gestione delle emozioni.
2. Fase terapeutica preliminare in cui vengono utilizzate tecniche comportamentali-cognitive che vertono sulla gestione del disturbo.
3. Applicazione dell’EMDR con il protocollo base, iniziando, se possibile, dal problema ritenuto maggiormente significativo per il paziente. Il modello utilizzato è quello del passato-presente-futuro e, quando necessario, primo episodio- peggiore - ultimo.
L’obiettivo è stato quello di raggiungere la remissione della patologia accompagnata da uno stile di vita soddisfacente con una metodologia in cui l’EMDR assume un ruolo centrale, seppur con l’ausilio di altre tecniche.
Research sull'EMDR is moving more and more even in areas other than PTSD. The present work focuses on the application of EMDR standard protocol integrated with the cognitive-behavioral therapy in disorders other than PTSD. Were considered No. 26 patients: mood disorders (12), anxiety disorders (13) and eating disorders (1). The average age of the total sample is between 20 and 59 years. It has been assumed to consider the various diseases as a result of trauma centers Unresolved and use, therefore, the same method applies to PTSD. It is ideally divided methodology in three phases: 1. Assessment in which it is drawn a "map" of trauma (useful for both greater self-awareness of the patient and therapist), assessed the style of attachment (on So, if necessary, will be working .eg. with the increase of resources before using EMDR) and the ability to identify and manage emotions. 2. Preliminary therapeutic step that uses cognitive-behavioral techniques
relating to the management of the disorder. 3. Applying EMDR Protocol with the basis, beginning, if possible, from the problem considered more significant for the patient. The model used is thatof past-present-future and, when necessary, first-episode worse - last. The aim was to achieve remission of the disease accompanied by a style satisfying life with a methodology in which EMDR plays a central role, albeit with using other techniques.
The utilization of EMDR will be discussed within the context of a multi-modal treatment paradigm to treat unwanted sexual attractions and to help to actualize sexual potential in an individual desiring to alter their sexual arousal patterns. Specifically, focus will be place on the ways in which childhood and adolescent traumas can derail psychosexual development and contribute to the development of these attractions. Applications of standard EMDR protocols to this treatment paradigm will be described, in terms of healing the traumas that may have contributed to the developmental of undesired sexual attractions. Furthermore, speicifc EMDR components that can enhance the actualization of sexual potential will be identified and discussed. Specific focus will be placed on parameters of utilizing this paradigm, ensuring that all treatment goals are client-driven and not reflecting the values of the therapist, and ensuring that all APA Ethical Guidelines are carefully considered.
Vajinismus kadının vajina kaslarındaki istemsiz kasılmalar nedeniyle hiçbir şekilde cinsel ilişkinin gerçekleşemediği
bir cinsel işlev bozukluğudur. Vajinismus için temel tanı kriteri vajinanın dış üçte birindeki kaslarda koitusu
engelleyecek, yineleyici bir biçimde ya da istem dışı spazmın olması olarak tanımlanmıştır. Birçok olguda ağrı ya da
ağrının olabileceğine ilişkin korku vajinismusun ortaya çıkması ve sürmesine neden olmaktadır.
Bu yazıda, çocukluk çağında geçirilmiş cinsel travmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan iki vajinismus olgusunun Göz
Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing-EMDR) tekniği
ile tedavisi sunulacaktır. EMDR ağırlıklı olarak ruhsal travma tedavisinde kullanılan bir tedavi tekniğidir. EMDR
tekniğinin etkinliği, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, cinsel travma mağdurları gibi birçok grupta yapılan randomize
kontrollü çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Her iki olguda da standart olarak sekiz aşamalı EMDR protokolü uygulanmıştır.
3 seanslık EMDR seansı sonrasında her iki olguda da hem kaygı düzeylerinde azalma, hem de cinsel ilişkiye
yönelik işlevsel olmayan düşüncelerin ortadan kalktığı görüldü ve vajinismus sorunu ortadan kalktı. Bu çalışmada
sunulan iki olgudan hareketle, travmanın neden olduğu vajinismus olgularında EMDR’nin alternatif bir tedavi
tekniği olarak etkili olabileceği söylenebilir.
Vaginismus is a type of sexual dysfunction in which spasm of the vaginal musculature prevents penetrative intercourse. The main diagnostic criterion is the presence of recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse. In many cases associated pain or the fear of pain may contribute to its persistence. Herein we report 2 patients that presented with vaginismus that developed secondary to childhood sexual trauma, which was treated with the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) technique. EMDR is a non-pharmacologic treatment for psychological trauma. Randomized controlled trials with posttraumatic stress disorder patients and with victims of sexual abuse have shown that EMDR is effective. The standard 8-phase EMDR protocol was used in both of the presented cases. Following 3 sessions of EMDR, the patients exhibited a substantial reduction in self-reported and clinician-rated anxiety, and a reduction in the credibility of dysfunctional beliefs concerning sexual intercourse. These findings support the notion that EMDR could be an effective treatment alternative for patients with vaginismus of traumatic etiology.
In the workshop I will present a procedure of "connecting to resources" which is based on my conception of the therapeutic benefits of utilizing the dialetical movement between the problem and the natural trend towards a healing resolution. The connection to resources in the standard EMDR protocol creates an effective container for the processing of the traumatic material. Other variations of connection to resources without the standard protocol are aimed at empowering and strengthening the client. A video and live demonstration will expose the participants to the clinical use of the procedure and the small groups experience will enable
them to practice it an apply it in their work.
Some clients may be able to talk about their trauma; however, the thought of processing it with the Standard EMDR Protocol may seem too overwhelming. In cases such as these, having the client develop a resource to address the "fear of the fear" may reduce the anxiety of reprocessing the traumatic memory. The Wedging Technique Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
Background: Controversy continues to exist regarding how EMDR works and whether its mechanisms differ from those at work in standard exposure techniques. Aims: To investigate first whether eye movement bilateral stimulation is an essential component of EMDR and, second, the current status of its theoretical basis. Method: A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted in databases using standard methodology. Results: Clinical research evidence is contradictory as to how essential EMs are in PTSD treatment. More positive support is provided by analogue studies. With regards to potential theoretical support, some evidence was found suggesting bilateral stimulation first increases access to episodic memories; and second that it could act on components of working memory which makes focusing on the traumatic memories less unpleasant and thereby improves access to these memories. Conclusions: The results suggest support for the contention that EMs are essential to this therapy and that a theoretical rationale exists for their use. Choice of EMDR over trauma-focused CBT should therefore remain a matter of patient choice and clinician expertise; it is suggested, however, that EMs may be more effective at reducing distress, and thereby allow other components of treatment to take place.
To better understand the pathophysiology and treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), standard psychological testing, Rorschach Ink Blot testing, and neuroimaging using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) were administered to subjects with PTSD prior to and following three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Using this within-subject design, data from one of six subjects in our series is presented as a case report. Following EMDR, the subject experienced improvement in his level of distress, which correlated with decrements in PTSD and depressive symptomatology on psychological testing. Analysis of the Rorschach data corroborated these changes. Among other findings, the Hypervigilance Index went from positive to negative, indicating that the subject was spending less time scanning the environment for threats, and available ego resources also increased, as measured by the Experience Actual variable. Upon recall of the traumatic memory during SPECT scanning, two areas of the brain were hyperactive post-EMDR treatment relative to pretreatment: the anterior cingulate gyrus and the left frontal lobe. These changes were consistent with summed data from four out of six subjects in the ongoing study. An important implication of these findings is that successful treatment of PTSD does not reduce arousal at the limbic level, but instead, enhances the ability to differentiate real from imagined threat. The psychology and neurophysiology of PTSD are discussed in greater detail. (ScienceDirect)
When all you have is 90 minutes with the hysterical and/or traumatized client in times of crisis, efficient planning and conceptualization of EMDR casework is essential.
Using EMD(R) as a means of reducing immediate exacerbated stress is effectively enhanced with a genogram format that is brief, and specifically focuses on learned generational reactions to trauma. By tapping into the trans-generational information the processing in crises is facilitated and enhanced.
This suggested case conceptualization and genogram format quickly highlights inherited strengths and resources which is the client’s historical legacy. The client gains perspective recognizes that survival and overcoming the crisis is possible and acquires insight into valuable resources.
Following a crisis, when EMDR therapist and client first meet, the 1st stage is the retelling of the event.
After the story has been told, the EMDR therapist begins to gather historical family information. This has the effect of moving the client one tiny step away from crisis and calming the individual sufficiently for the therapist to begin to assess resources, and potential resources within the family system,
Additionally, the EMDR therapist finds resources for more meaningful and relevant cognitive interweaves while at the same item protecting himself from vicarious traumatization, compassion fatigue, and burn out. The suggested case conceptualization and multi-generational genogram use, uncovers inherited small t and large T trauma material and anxieties as well as leaned dysfunctional behavior patterns which are compounded over time, and which become a source of exacerbated present crisis reactions.
Once identified and recognized this accesses information enables a deeper and faster healing experience for the client.
The therapist recognizes potential pitfalls which may appear during the desensitization of the current crisis and is better prepared to formulate efficient cognitive interweaves as needs, for the current crisis resolution, without going in the reprocessing of the old trauma. This process fine tunes and fine lines the standard protocol for the EMDR session used in crisis interventions.
This format is adaptable and equally useful in standard consulting room sessions with clients for more effective case conceptualization for EMDR sessions. This multigenerational systemic approach enhances attunement, therapeutic clarity and the well being of the individual. It produces insight, recognizes resources and inner strengths and learned behavior patterns quickly
Case examples and a practicum will teach and enable participants to learn and assess for themselves how this multi-generational genogram approach unveils historical characteristics and learned behavior patterns. This systemic approach leads to enhance EMDR case conceptualization, enabling better formulation and accuracy of EMDR protocol components such as the NC and PC to attain more effective processing.
When children (or adults) in treatment continue to be traumatized, the general rule is to assure that they are safe from further traumatization, before applying the EMDR standard protocol to these experiences. Stopping traumatization is of course always a primary objective, but it is unfortunately not always possible to do so in a complete fashion. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) can be a viable protocol to use in this type of situation. RDI does however have its limitations, as it does not process trauma.
This paper investigates how the EMDR standard protocol can be adopted to situations of continued traumatization, balanced with the use of RDI. This will be illustrated by a case presentation of the treatment of an 11-year old bullied boy. Video tapes of some of the sessions will be shown. A complete session according to the standard protocol, ending up with SUD=0, VoC=7 can not be obtained with continued traumatisation. However, this presentation will illustrate how SUDs can be lowered in relation to specific situations and how there can be a shift in negative cognitions. The presentation will also show how processing can be alternated with RDI, to increase the client’s ability to cope with the ongoing stressful situation. The combination of RDI and standard protocol resulted in positive treatment outcomes.
Relationship trauma i s among the most difficult to
treat, due to their personal character, numerous targets and
often roots in early life. On the other hand, many memories
can be withdrawn in amnesia, and thus difficult to reach with
standard EMDR protocol.
The EMDR letters protocol, presented in 2009 in Amsterdam
has been refined, in its procedure, the ways and cases in which
it can been used (individual setting, family therapy, supervision.
with people having dissociative parts) and its validation through
research
This workshop will present the EMDR letters protocol, its application
fields and the results of a clinical research with thirty
patients.
if the workshop duration makes it possible, we will show a video.
‘Conceptualiseren en ‘scherpstellen’ zijn twee belangrijke aspecten van een EMDR-behandeling. Het doel van deze onderdelen is om vanuit klachten en problemen die een patiënt presenteert targetherinneringen te identificeren en vervolgens voldoende lading te creëren om desensitisatie mogelijk te maken. Veel therapeuten vinden dit niet altijd gemakkelijk. In deze workshop wordt geleerd om zowel eenvoudige als efficiënte wegen te leren bewandelen om (1) een casus te conceptualiseren voor behandeling met EMDR, (2) essentiële, zogenaamde ‘touchstone’, targets te identificeren, en (3) de juiste NCs en PCs te selecteren. Aan de hand van oefeningen en diverse videofragmenten van stroef verlopende EMDR behandelingen wordt gedemonstreerd waar mogelijke valkuilen liggen. Daarnaast wordt uitgelegd hoe in moeilijke situaties, waarin het standaard protocol niet voorziet, kan worden gehandeld en hoe deze moeilijkheden op creatieve wijze kunnen worden opgelost. Deze interactieve workshop is vooral bedoeld voor therapeuten die nog geen vervolgopleiding hebben gedaan en die hun vaardigheden op EMDR gebied willen vergroten.
'Conceptualise and' focus' are two important aspects of EMDR treatment. The objective of this component is to identify complaints and problems from a patient and then target memories enough charge to create desensitization possible. Many therapists are not always easy. This workshop is taught to both simple and efficient ways to learn to walk to (1) a case to conceptualize treatment with EMDR, (2) key, so-called "touch stone", target identification, and (3) the proper NCS and PCs to select. Using various exercises and video clips of sluggish EMDR treatment is demonstrated where potential pitfalls lie. In addition, how to in difficult situations where the standard protocol is not provided, can be traded and how these problems can be solved creatively. This interactive workshop is intended primarily for therapists who have not yet done so and continuing their fields to increase skills in EMDR.
Standard EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) technique
consists of repeatedly pairing recollections of the uauma with sets of eye
movements. until patients' subjective levels of distress (SUDS) are dissipated
for each and every aspect of the trauma. Once major elements of the event are
desensitized, minor elements which were "overshadowed" or "crowded out"
by the major elements of the event may surface. It is necessary to ensure that
all associations and details of the trauma are recounted and desensitized by the
therapist's use of EMDR.