Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. Lee, C. W., Taylor, G., & Drummond, P. D. (2006, March-April). The active ingredient in EMDR: Is it traditional exposure or dual focus of attention?. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(2), 97-107. doi:10.1002/cpp.479.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This study tested whether the content of participants' responses during EMDR is similar to that thought to be effective for traditional exposure treatments (reliving), or is more consistent with distancing, which would be expected given Shapiro's proposal of dual process of attention. The responses made by 44 participants with PTSD were examined during their first EMDR treatment session. An independent rater coded these responses according to whether they were consistent with reliving, distancing, or focusing on material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement on a measure of PTSD symptoms occurred when the participant processed the trauma in a more detached manner. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggest that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that covaried with improvement. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Attention Australians Cognitive Processes Empirical Study Mechanism of Action Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Quantitative Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Wheeler, M. S. (1997, December). Adlerian interventions and applications: The creating context technique. Journal of Individual Psychology, 53(4), 396-406.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Therapists who are trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (Shapiro, 1995) may try using the Creating Context Technique when a client is not stable enough for EMDR or when a client is unwilling to try EMDR. An example will be presented to demonstrate the use of the technique with a typical problem.
Keywords: Adlerian Psychotherapy Adlerian Psychotherapy Connexions Focusing Technique Psychotherapeutic Techniques
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Borkin, S. (2000, September). All the write stuff: The integration of writing to enhance and expand the use of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Conference, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participatns will learn to: 1) assist clients in focusing and clarifying targets and cognitions to differentiate between competency blocks vs. creative process blocks; 2) introduce and integrate literary interweaves;" 3) instruct clients in the use of recording practices to enhance EMDR session follow-up; and 4) employ the use of writing for self-use of EMDR.
Keywords: Creative Process Block Literary Intereaves Process Block Re-Evaluation Writing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Traumatology of grieving: conceptual, theoretical, and treatment foundations (pp. 153-182). Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Assessment Bereavement Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. Figley (Ed.), Death-Related Trauma: Conceptual, Theoretical, and Treatemnt Foundations. London: Taylor & Francis.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Death Traumatic Incident Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Selvig, A. L. (2004). Analyzing individual patterns of change in two treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. University of Georgia.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Two therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have received considerable support in the clinical literature: prolonged imaginal exposure (PE) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Although PE is empirically supported, its critics purport that it causes symptom exacerbation. In contrast, proponents of EMDR claim that its response pattern is characterized by rapid decline in symptoms. The current investigation aimed to study and compare the patterns of symptom change during PE and EMDR using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). HLM avoids many shortcomings inherent in traditional longitudinal analyses by focusing on trajectories of change rather than group means. 62 women with PTSD following rape were randomly assigned to 9 sessions of PE or EMDR. Results indicated that neither group experienced symptom exacerbation nor rapid symptom decline. The patterns of symptom change in the two groups were not significantly different. The strengths and limitations of HLM and the studys design were discussed.
Keywords: Patterns of Change PE Prolonged Exposure
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Chillot, R., & Smith, S. (1994, December). Banish nightmarish memories with the wave of a hand. Prevention, 46(12), 73-75.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Discusses the alternative psychological therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Its use for people suffering from post-traumatic stress-disorder; Francine Shapiro, Ph.D., developer of EMDR; Why patients watch a waving hand while focusing on the troubling memory; Research in EMDR's favor that was presented at the American Psychological Association convention in August 1994.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Armstrong, M. (1997, June). A brief report on integrating focusing oriented psychotherapy and EMDR. EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(4), 15.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
This presentation was given at the 9th International Focusing Conference held near Pforzheim in Germany. Focusing Oriented psychotherapists were introduced to the role of EMDR could play at part of their experiential therapy. Participants were urged to become trained in EMDR at it provides a powerful “jump start” to the work we do with trauma and phobias through Focusing.
Keywords: Focusing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Seubert, A. (2010, June). The case of mistaken identity: EMDR, attachment and ego states in the treatment of eating disorders. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Attachment
and Ego States in the treatment of eating disorders is a
120 minute program, which introduces participants to
1. the kind of history taking, medical attention and goal establishment
unique to clients with eating disorders,
2, the extensive preparation, which includes emotional expertise
and somatic awareness,
3. the inevitable presence of dissociation and the use of ego state
therapy to access the source of the eating disordered addiction,
4, the need for attachment repair and
5, slight modifications to trauma processing given emotional
fragility and the tendency to return to the disorder. even after
extensive preparation. The modifications entail
A. a return to attachment/reparenting work, even during phases
3-6, a5 a way to 'pendulate' between the traumata and resources,
B. the use of dissociation strategies, e.g., having the eating disordered
part look through the eyes with the client, and
C. titrating the target memories.
THE CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY employs an EMDR phase
model, which includes an evaluation phase, focusing on medical
safety, case formulation and mutual goal creation. In the preparation
phase, participants will learn a4-step method of teaching
emotional competence, and the use of ego state therapy to free
the self from identity with the disordered part&), and strategies
for attachment repair. Preparation and Processing phases both
require body awareness and acceptance, as well as the ability to
titrate released disturbance and re-stabilize (Re-evaluation) after
EMDR application to touchstone events. Video clips, case studies
and case reviews will reinforce learning.
Learning objectives:
1 Participants will describe the trauma-based purpose for dissociation
in eating disorders,
2 will describe the practice of awareness and four steps to
emotional competence.
3. will name two ego-state strategies methods in identifying
and collaborating with ego states,
4. two attachment repair methods, and
5. describe two minor adaptations to the processing phase.
WHAT IS NEW: Eating disorder treatment often recognizes, but
rarely offers treatment solutions, to the traumatic origins of an
eating disorder. This fact, coupled with a lack of awareness of
the role of attachment injury and dissociation, renders many
of the contemporary approaches to eating disorder treatment
incomplete and often ineffective.
Keywords: Attachment, Eating Disorders Ego States
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Grandison, P. (2007). A combined approach: Using EMDR within a framework of solution focused brief therapy. Educational and Child Psychology, 24(1), 56-64.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper reports on a qualitative, exploratory
study that creatively combined two therapeutic approaches: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) and solution focused brief therapy. It was expected that the use of techniques drawn from solution focused brief therapy could help children to facilitate and enhance the use of techniques within EMDR. In particular, techniques focusing on current and future positive resource installation were utilised. Five primary school children age 9 to 11 years were identified by class teachers and parents as presenting as shy, anxious and lacking self-confidence. The group intervention took place in school over six sessions. Within the group setting, the children targeted their own individual area that they wished to improve. Data were collected during and after each session and post-intervention. Increases in children’s self confidence and an improvement in targeted areas were reported by children, parents and teachers. Children found the intervention helpful and were able to identify particular aspects of solution
focused brief therapy and EMDR that were useful.
Keywords: Anxiety Brief Psychotherapy Children's Techniques Educational Psychology Empirical Study Group Intervention Group Psychotherapy Primary School Children Problem Solving Psychotherapeutic Techniques Qualitative Study Self-Confidence Shyness Solution Focused Brief Therapy Timidity
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Leutner, S., & Cronauer, E. (2012, June). Complex trauma in mind and body [Trauma complejo en mente y cuerpo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It will be shown how to get into touch and how to work with traumatic and
somatic ego-states by simultaneously activating resourceful ego-states in mind and
body. The work will be resource integrating from top to bottom. In the body it will be
from bottom to top.
Two different experiential protocols will be given and respective videos will be shown:
the resource integrating protocol and the bottom-up protocol
The neurological background of balancing work with traumatic memories and
resources will be discussed. It lies in promoting effective and permanent links
between the neuronal trauma network and one or more corresponding resource
networks. The integration of resources can greatly accelerate processing. It is
imperative, however, that the use of these resources is not random, rather orients
itself to the specific needs of the client at that specific point in time with attention
given to how much resource or trauma is activated.
Participants will be informed about the impact of complex trauma in mind and body.
They will learn how to apply EMDR combined with Claire Frederick's and Maggie
Phillip's Conflict Free Image as well as Gendlin's Focusing and Levine's Somatic
Experiencing. By those means complex traumatized clients are enabled to broaden
their windows of tolerance.
Participants will be able to supply their clients with a powerful tool for self healing.
Se mostrará cómo ponerse en contacto y trabajar con los estados del yo
traumático y somático mediante la activación simultánea de estados del yo
recursivo en la mente y el cuerpo. El trabajo será de integración de recursos desde
arriba hacia abajo. En el caso del cuerpo, será desde abajo hacia arriba.
Se darán dos protocolos experienciales distintos y se presentarán vídeos
pertinentes de los protocolos respectivos: el protocolo de la integración de
recursos y el protocolo desde abajo hacia arriba.
Se hablará de los antecedentes neurológicos del trabajo de equilibrio con
recuerdos traumáticos y recursos. Estriba en favorecer vínculos efectivos y
permanentes entre la red neuronal del trauma y una o más de las redes de
recursos correspondientes. La integración de recursos puede acelerar en gran
medida el procesamiento. Sin embargo, es imperativo que el empleo de estos
recursos no sea aleatorio, si no que se oriente hacia las necesidades específicas del
cliente en ese momento concreto con atención prestada a la cantidad de recursos o
el trauma activado.
Se les informará a los participantes sobre el impacto que tiene el trauma complejo
en la mente y en el cuerpo. Aprenderán a aplicar EMDR en combinación con la
“imagen libre de conflicto de Claire Frederick y Maggie Phillip”, así como con al
“Focusing de Gendlin” y la “Experimentación somática de Levine”. Con estos
medios los clientes con trauma complejo son capaces de ampliar sus ventanas de
tolerancia.
Los participantes podrán ofrecer a sus clientes con una herramienta potente para
la auto-curación.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. van der Hart, O. (2011, March). Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatisation and a guide to EMDR treatment. Preconference presentation at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There is currently consensus that the EMDR standard protocol needs to be modified
for chronically traumatized clients, such as clients with complex dissociative disorders, as it may
destabilize them. Therefore, therapists need to have a good understanding of the dissociative
personality structure that exists in these clients. Dissociation is an undue division of the personality
among two or more biopsychosocial systems or “dissociative parts” that comprise the survivor’s
personality. One or more of them function in daily life; others are fixated in traumatic experiences,
are living in trauma-time. The more severe the traumatisation, the more dissociative parts,
involving more complex trauma-related disorders, can be expected to exist. Dissociative parts have
psychobiological boundaries that are maintained, to a large degree, by different trauma-related
phobias, which are systematically resolved in phase-oriented treatment. Indeed, participants will
be able to describe structural dissociation of the personality as a specific form of integrative failure
that needs to be overcome in phase-oriented treatment, identify ways of relating dissociative
symptoms to the underlying dissociation of the personality, and identify targets such as the
dissociation-maintaining phobias, for EMDR interventions in the respective treatment phases. The
emphasis will be on the preparatory work, including how to work with dissociative parts living in
trauma-time and those perceived as being malevolent, necessary before focusing on the integration
of traumatic memories.
Keywords: Dissocation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Spoormaker, V. I., & Montgomery, P. (2008, June). Disturbed sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: Secondary symptom or core feature?. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12(3), 169-184. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.08.008.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Sleep disturbances are often viewed as a secondary symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), thought to resolve once PTSD has been treated. Specific screening, diagnosis and treatment of sleep disturbances is therefore not commonly conducted in trauma centres. However, recent evidence shows that this view and consequent practices are as much unhelpful as incorrect. Several sleep disorders—nightmares, insomnia, sleep apnoea and periodic limb movements—are highly prevalent in PTSD, and several studies found disturbed sleep to be a risk factor for the subsequent development of PTSD. Moreover, sleep disturbances are a frequent residual complaint after successful PTSD treatment: a finding that applies both to psychological and pharmacological treatment. In contrast, treatment focusing on sleep does alleviate both sleep disturbances and PTSD symptom severity. A growing body of evidence shows that disturbed sleep is more than a secondary symptom of PTSD—it seems to be a core feature. Sleep-focused treatment can be incorporated into any standard PTSD treatment, and PTSD research needs to start including validated sleep measurements in longitudinal epidemiologic and treatment outcome studies. Further clinical and research implications are discussed, and possible mechanisms for the role of disturbed (REM) sleep in PTSD are described.
Keywords: Etiology Insomnia Nightmares Posttruamatic Stress Disorder PTSD REM Sleep Risk Factor Sleep Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorders Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Manfield, P., & Snyker, E. (2002, June). Don’t go with that!. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
One of the beauties of EMDR is that, in most cases, clients can simply begin each set of eye movements by focusing on their associations from
the previous set. The therapist simply says, "Go with that." This workshop will identify clients for whom "Go with that" will probably not
work, clients who use avoidance or dissociation to defend against painful affect or who associate loosely and cause targets to "pancake." We will
use video and transcripts to illustrate a variety of interventions and techniques to handle these more challenging clients and situations.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Ernst, R. (2011, Juli). Effectiviteit van oogbewegingen, klikjes en geen dubbeltaak bij EMDR in een klinische steekproef [Effectiveness of eye movements, clicks and no double task of EMDR in a clinical sample]. Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht.
Language: Dutch
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Een werkgeheugen rekening van Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is op grote schaal ondersteund door laboratoriumonderzoek. Taken die belasting werkgeheugen voldoende Het een traumatische gebeurtenis herinneren terwijl het verminderen van emotionaliteit en levendigheid van traumatische herinneringen. Vaak therapeuten vervangen EMDR-Eye Movements met minder belasten binaurale piept, terwijl de laatste Suggest Sommige onderzoeken zijn inferieur aan oogbewegingen. De huidige studie direct vergelijken oogbewegingen en piept met EMDR in een klinisch monster. In een within-subjects design, 51 patiënten verwezen voor EMDR traumatherapie Hun herinneringen herinnerde tijdens het (a) het maken van gaten horizontale bewegingen, (b) binauraal luisteren naar pieptonen en (c) gericht op een punt (controle). Volgorde van de stimulaties gerandomiseerde WAS Deelnemers en Elke stimulatie over duurde zes minuten. De resultaten toonden aan dat oogbewegingen emotionaliteit en levendigheid van de herinnering reduceert aanzienlijk meer dan de controle, terwijl de emotionaliteit Meer met aanzienlijk minder in de buurt van oogbewegingen dan met pieptonen. Geen significante verschillen in Vermindering van levendigheid en emotionaliteit Beide werden gevonden tussen piept en controle. Hun trauma patiënten gewaardeerd meestal visuele herinneringen, terwijl meer in de buurt van visuele herinneringen significant geassocieerd met een grotere daling van de emotionaliteit en levendigheid met oogbewegingen. De studie ondersteunt Bewijs voor een cumulatief voordeel van oogbewegingen met EMDR. Resultaten worden besproken Deze modaliteit in termen van een specifieke werkgeheugen rekening en klinische implicaties worden besproken.
A working memory account of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been widely supported by
laboratory research. Tasks that sufficiently tax working memory while recollecting a traumatic event reduce emotionality and
vividness of traumatic memories. EMDR-therapists often substitute eye movements with less taxing binaural beeps, while some
studies suggest the latter are inferior to eye movements. The present study directly compares eye movements and beeps with
EMDR in a clinical sample. In a within-subjects design, 51 patients referred for EMDR therapy recollected their trauma
memories while (a) making horizontal eye movements, (b) listening to binaural beeps and (c) focusing on one point (control).
Sequence of stimulations was randomized across participants and each stimulation lasted for six minutes. Results showed that
eye movements reduce emotionality and vividness of the memory significantly more than control, while emotionality reduced
near significantly more with eye movements than with beeps. No significant differences in reduction of both emotionality and
vividness were found between beeps and control. Patients rated their trauma memories mostly visual, while more visual
memories were near significantly associated with a larger decrease of emotionality and vividness with eye movements. The
study supports evidence for a cumulative benefit of eye movements with EMDR. Results are discussed in terms of a modality
specific working memory account and clinical implications are discussed.
Keywords: Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Brennstuhl, M. J., & Tarquinio, C. (2012, June). Effects of an specific EMDR protocol for the treatment of chronic pain [Los efectos de un protocolo específico de EMDR para el tratamiento del dolor crónico]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment
of
chronic
pain
stays
problematic.
The
complex
part
of
cognitive,
behavioral
and
emotional
in
chronic
pain
makes
treatment
complicated.
Since
few
years,
many
authors
have
argued
on
a
traumatic
symptomatology,
which
is
responsible
of
chronic
pain
(reactive
symptom
of
PTSD)
(Bioy
&
Fouques,
2002;
Ferragut,
2007,
2010),
or
that
chronic
pain
may
induce
a
trauma
(Burloux,
2004).
This
argumentation
brought
to
us
to
envisage
the
EMDR
therapy
for
the
treatment
of
chronic
pain.
This
research
aims
to
test
the
effectiveness
of
treatment
of
chronic
pain.
We
have
elaborated
a
new
protocol,
which
focuses
on
specificities
on
chronic
pain
problematic.
This
protocol
focuses
on
pain
and
physical
sensation.
Inspiration
on
Mark
Grant
Protocol
(Grant,
2009),
R-‐Tep
and
Google
research
(Shapiro
&
Laub,
2009)
isn’t
unnoticed.
Chronic
pain
can
be
approached
like
an
elaborated
trauma,
because
it’s
always
happening.
So,
as
with
recent
event
trauma,
we
can
find
the
most
difficult
moment.
It’s
why
we
proposing
a
protocol
based
on
focusing
symptom:
pain.
Ten
patients
were
treated
with
this
new
EMDR
protocol,
specific
on
chronic
pain.
After
every
session,
and
at
the
end
of
the
treatment,
the
effects
of
this
protocol
on
chronic
pain
and
traumatic
symptomatology
were
evaluated
and
show
significant
improvement.
The
objective
is
double:
a
significant
improvement
was
made
reducing
chronic
pain
and
associated
symptoms
(depression,
anxiety...),
and
also
use
this
protocol
in
a
prevention
move
and
stop
chronicity
of
pain
in
the
beginning.
El
tratamiento
del
dolor
crónico
sigue
siendo
problemático.
Los
elementos
cognitivos,
conductuales
y
emocionales
complejos
dificultan
su
tratamiento.
Desde
hace
algunos
años,
muchos
autores
han
debatido
sobre
una
sintomatología
traumática
que
sería
la
responsable
del
dolor
crónico
(síntoma
reactivo
del
TEPT)
(Bioy
&
Fouques,
2002;
Ferragut,
2007,
2010)
o
que
el
dolor
crónico
puede
inducir
trauma
(Burloux,
2004).
Esta
controversia
nos
ha
llevado
a
contemplar
el
empleo
de
EMDR
para
el
tratamiento
del
dolor
crónico.
Esta
investigación
pretende
comprobar
la
efectividad
[de
EMDR]
del
tratamiento
del
dolor
crónico.
Hemos
elaborado
un
protocolo
nuevo
que
se
centra
en
las
especificidades
del
dolor
crónico
problemático.
Este
protocolo
se
centra
en
el
dolor
y
la
sensación
física.
No
pasa
desapercibida
la
inspiración
del
protocolo
de
Mark
Grant
(Grant,
2009),
R-‐Tep
e
investigación
en
Google
(Shapiro
&
Laub,
2009).
Se
puede
abordar
el
dolor
crónico
del
mismo
modo
que
el
trauma
elaborado,
dado
que
es
constante.
Por
lo
tanto,
al
igual
que
un
evento
reciente,
podemos
identificar
el
momento
más
difícil.
Por
eso
proponemos
un
protocolo
que
se
basa
en
centrarnos
en
el
síntoma:
el
dolor.
Diez
pacientes
fueron
tratados
con
este
nuevo
protocolo
de
EMDR,
específico
para
el
dolor
crónico.
Tras
cada
sesión
y
al
finalizar
el
tratamiento,
se
evaluaron
los
efectos
de
este
protocolo
sobre
el
dolor
crónico
y
la
sintomatología
traumática;
los
resultados
han
mostrado
una
mejoría
significativa.
El
objetivo
es
doble:
por
un
lado,
lograr
una
mejora
significativa
y
reducir
el
dolor
crónico,
así
como
los
síntomas
asociados
(la
depresión,
ansiedad...),
y
por
el
otro
lado,
usar
este
protocolo
como
estrategia
preventiva
y
poner
fin
a
la
cronificación
del
dolor
desde
un
principio.
Keywords: Chronic Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Ostacoli, L. & Bertino, G. (2010, June). EMDR and drawing: A tool to integrate post-traumatic dissociation and overwhelming emotions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The difficulty of the management of overwhelming
emotions aid dissociative reactions are challenging for any EMUR
therapist dealing with complex traumas. As a complement
to the strategies already used in EMDR, drawing gives form to
The inner representations of the trauma, objectivizing it Thus the
person no longer relates only to something inside him/her, but
rather to something he/she can see and can concretely represent
and modify In the act of drawing, the patient makes an initial
reorganisation of the form of the trauma, and begins to differentiate
the adaptive ego, which has the tools and the ability to restructure
the experiences, and the traumatic emotional part that
suffers those experiences in a condition of Impotence and passivity
The person may rapidly access preverbal and motor-sensory
language, activating inborn creative skills. The use of this tool
enables us t0 access the traumatic material gently, limiting dissociative
reactions, bypassing avoidance and flight behaviour and
setting a distance from pan by objectivizing . A protective space
is created between the self and the part that holds the suffering.
p i n g a voice to the inner child. The patient is offered the possibility
of drawing what is occurring in the self's here and now, and given a choice of different graphic materials. At the end of the
drawing and assessment phase the person is asked to note what
has emerged, and a brief space of time may be allowed for description
without interpretation. The represented Image is treated
as the inner image in the classic protocol. To start, the patent is
asked to focus on the drawing, on the negative cognition and
on the bodily location of the emotional disorder, while bilateral
stimulation is applied. At the end of each set, the patient is asked
what he/she has noticed and the therapist verifies where the person
now is in the re-elaboration. If there is a change the person
may either work on the drawing, modifying it, or, if the change of
image is radical, may produce another drawing. After several sets,
an adaptive drawing emerge5 that may be installed as a resource.
The report presents the use of the tool in various psychopathological
conditions, with the support of video and graphic materials,
particularly focusing on how to manage dissociation.
Learning objectives:
1.To learn the use of drawing as a supplementary tool, through
graphic and video material of clinical cases.
2. To recognise the indications in which it provides added value
to the classical protocol.
3. to learn its use in various psychopathological conditions,
with particular emphasis on dissociative states.
The use of drawing as a supplementary tool within the EMDR
protocol gives form to the inner representation of the trauma, objectivising
it, and creates a bridge of communication between the
self and the blocked parts, after which it will be possible to return
to desensitizing and re-elaboration with the standard protocol.
Keywords: Dissociation Drawing Emotion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Bohart, A. C., & Greenberg, L. S. (2002). EMDR and experiential psychotherapy. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 239-261). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter compares EMDR with three experiential approaches. Although various experiential approaches exist, the chapter concentrates on Gendlin's focusing-oriented psychotherapy (FP), Rogers's client-centered therapy (CCT), and Greenberg and colleagues' process-experiential psychotherapy (PEP) to explore similarities and differences. The exploration begins with an introduction of each approach to orient the reader. [Text, pp. 239-240]TOPICS TREATED: Self-healing; Summary of similarities between EMDR and experiential psychotherapy; Differences between EMDR and experiential psychotherapy; Integrating experiential therapies with EMDR.
Keywords: Adults Client Centered Psychotherapy Experiential Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Ostacoli, L., Bertino, G., & Faretta, E. (2013, June). EMDR and health: EMDR brief treatment in medical conditions with a high emotional charge: A possible challenge. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Stress and high emotional situations such as complex traumas have a negative influence on the psycho – physiologic adaptive process to illness. If these experiences are not elaborated, they could be stored as dysfunctional memories causing psychophysical vulnerability. EMDR treatment requires a proper detection and reprocessing of stressing memories in present and past events and in future templates, handling worries and fears.
Treatment protocol for serious medical diseases will be presented, focusing in the domains of Multiple Sclerosis and Oncology. Starting from the person and his system (biopsychosocial model), the main interest will be placed on case conceptualization and preparation of the project with EMDR, and then the identification of targets for further processing. From here, through the exposure of specific cases treated, we will work on bodily symptoms (the feeling perceived) through floatback to promote the connection of memories. The presentation of the research project and the first data obtained will follow.
The design helps the person to relate themselves to the traumatic material as something that they can see, represent, touch, by sharing and by exploring their resonances with the therapist; the design provides an emotional containment that allows the processing of intense emotions, reduces significantly the risk of dissociations, and allows the recovery of creative resources.
The fundamental aim of the model is to facilitate the building of a constructive relationship with themselves and with the “sick body”, by elaborating the traumatic events that have led to a dysfunctional self-image and explored, strengthened their resources with the aim of building the “navigation tools” and an effective “first-aid kit” for times of crisis. It will be presented the model of the intervention and the strategies proposed and used, through the presentation of clinical cases.
The analysis of the success factors and of the difficulties encountered will allow us to define a possible direction for future brief interventions with patients affected by complex organic diseases.
Learning objectives:
To learn EMDR protocols adapted to deal with serious medical illnesses such as Cancer and Multiple Sclerosis;
To analyse the therapeutic process by narrative and graphic material; and
To learn specific features to deal with fears of loss and impairment
Keywords: Disease Medical Illness Multiple Sclerosis Oncology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Farrell, D., Keenan, P., & Basil, J. (2006, March). EMDR HAP training in India in the aftermath of the tsunami. Presentation at the 4th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
On 26th December 2005 the southern coastline of India was hit by a tsunami, which resulted in the deaths of over 28,000 people. This natural disaster caused the widespread devastation to the region. As part of the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programme as series of EMDR Levels 1 and 2 were established in Chennai, Southern India offering training to mental health workers specifically working the tsunami affected areas. The project was funded by Cerner/First Hand Foundation project with the remit primarily focusing upon the trauma impact upon children. For the purpose of this presentation, the Chennai project will be outlined, providing insight into how the trainings were carried out from a teaching and learning perspective. It will also consider trauma experiences from a cultural viewpoint, which potentially challenges western constructs of PTSD phenomena. Particular attention wil be focused upon the aspects of the Negative and Positive Cognition and how this seems to be potentially a cultural component to the EMDR protocol. Indian practitioners determined that 'mind and body' are one in the same. Yet EMDR training emphasises the importance of distinguishing between thoughts and feelings. As a result many of the trainees struggled with this aspect. Discussion will also explore more widespread trauma characteristics of the tsumani including how the trauma impacted from an individual, family, and community perspective.
Keywords: HAP Training Tsunami
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Hase, M. (2010, June). EMDR in the treatment of addiction - Reprocessing of the addiction memory. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The comorbidity of PTSD and substance abuse provides sufficient reason for treating patients, who are addicted, with EMDR while focusing on the PTSD diagnosis. However, there are several pathways leading to addiction, and PTSD is only one of them. Thirty years of addiction research have provided sufficient evidence for the crucial role of memory in drug dependency.
The Addiction Memory (AM) serves as a useful concept for "obsessive-compulsive craving" to be seen in drug addicted patients. The concept of an AM, and its importance in relapse occurrence and maintenance of learned addictive behaviour, has gained growing acceptance in the field of addiction research and treatment. The AM is interpreted as an individual-acquired memory following drug consumption in some individuals. The addiction memory is based on normal memory systems and systems of central nervous information processing. This is in accordance with the experience that the addiction memory can be activated at any time by relapse-endangering complexes as well as internal and/or external situations, which are experienced as cravings by the person in question. The implicit nature of the addiction memory seems to qualify it as a target for EMDR treatment.
Without adequate therapeutic interventions, it is hardly extinguishable, as shown in the animal model where a re-imprinting of the AM facilitated by steroids extinguished craving in opiate addicted rats. Thus, altering or extinguishing the AM in human addicts could add an important component to well-established treatment modalities. The reprocessing of the AM with EMDR should, thus, lead to measurable changes in addiction symptoms, if the AM qualifies for maladaptive memory within the AIP model. As the AM includes the urge to consume the drug being abused, more aptly named craving, reprocessing of the AM should lead to a reduction in craving.
Preliminary data demonstrates the efficacy to reduce craving in alcohol-addicted patients. Anecdotal reports from clinicians seem to indicate an effect of the reprocessing of the addiction memory in patients addicted to heroin or psycho-stimulants. According to research in the animal model, the same principles should apply.
There are, however, other aspects to addiction. Is there a difference between chemical dependency and other addictive behaviour? How much do we know already? What have we yet to discover? These questions lead to the direction of developing a comprehensive EMDR approach in the treatment of addictions.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Martin, A. J. (2004, Winter). EMDR in the treatment of PTSD: A restrospective of a patient and therapist. Stress Points, Newsletter for the Australasian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 15-16.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing)
is a therapy often used in the
treatment of PTSD. During EMDR
the patient focuses on emotionally
disturbing experiences while
stimulus such as eye
movement or finger-tapping.
This dual (internal/external) focus
is combined with frequent, briefsimultaneously focusing on an
external
periods of focusing on new
associations as they arise.
Throughout the therapy, the
therapist methodically rates the
patient’s SUDs (Subjective Units of
Disturbance) on a scale of 0 - 10,
(“0” being the lowest amount of
stress the patient is presently
experiencing about the target
issue; “10” being the highest); and
VoCs (Validity of Cognition) on a
scale of 1 - 7, (“1” being the
lowest amount of belief the
patient holds in a specific positive
statement about himself; “7”
being the highest amount - ie: the
positive statement is “completely
true.”)
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Richman, S. (2009, March). EMDR in the treatment of survivors of torture. Symposium conducted at the 7th annual EMDR Association UK & Ireland Conference, Manchester, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation seeks to address some of the challenges of using EMDR
cross-culturally with highly traumatised clients who have been the victims of physical and/or
psychological torture. The presentation will review characteristics of torture and how the
helplessness experienced by victims physically and psychologically can help the therapist to
case conceptualization and encourage adaptive learning with interweaves to assist the
processing allowing adaptive linkage being made with dysfunctional memory storage.
EMDR is very effective where trauma survivors present with somatisation, dissociation and
frozen states but desensitization and reprocessing can only be embarked upon after
adequate stabilization in the Preparation Phase. Methods of stabilization (including somatic
stabilization) will be covered and thereafter the basic EMDR protocol implemented with the
client focusing on damage to the self and the spirit.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Zampieri, M. A. J. (2012, Novembro). EMDR no espaço pessoal and relacional [EMDR within personal and relational]. In EMDR e visão sistêmica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Proposta focalizando conceitos do EMDR, Teoria de Papéis e da Teoria Sistêmica de Terapia Familiar, de modo que o profissional já treinado (ainda que parcialmente em EMDR) possa trabalhar associando ao EMDR, situações inter e intrapsíquicas. Para tanto utilizar-se-á recursos propostos por Shapiro, Kaslow e Maxfield, e, recursos adicionais apresentados por MAJZampieri no I Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, acrescidos por novas experiências da proponente sobre EMDR no espaço pessoal e relacional.
Proposal focusing on concepts of EMDR, Theory Papers and the Theory of Systemic Family Therapy, so that the already trained professional (albeit partially in EMDR) EMDR can work linking to, inter and intra-psychic situations. To use both features will be proposed by Shapiro, Kaslow and Maxfield, and additional resources provided by the MAJZampieri I Brazilian Congress on EMDR, plus new experiences on EMDR proponent of personal and relational space.
Keywords: Family Therapy Family Therapy Intervention Combined Inter- and Intra-Psychic
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Lendl, J., & Foster, S. (2009). EMDR performance and enhancement psychology protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 377-396). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The EMDR Performance Enhancement Psychology Protocol (EMDR-PEP) addresses performance anxiety, self-defeating beliefs, behavioral inhibition, posttraumatic stress, and psychological recovery from injury for creative and performing artists, workplace employees, and athletes. The EMDR-PEP can be very useful with everyday nonpathological complaints such as procrastination, fear of failure, setbacks, and life transitions. Note: Clinicians, working with athletes require rigorous training in Sport Psychology and Sociology of Professional Sport. The EMDR-PEP encompasses a full spectrum viewpoint (body, mind, and spirit) regarding optimal functioning at work and in life. This perspective inspires clients to identify their strengths as well as areas to improve and to prioritize their work accordingly. The EMDR-PEP approach draws upon Maslow's (1971) Human Potential Movement and Positive Psychology (Amen, 2002; Buss, 2000; Csikzentmihalyi, 1990; Seligman, 1998; Taylor, Kemeny, Reed, Bower, & Gruenwald, 2000), as well as Sport Psychology Research and Principles (levleva & Orlick, 1991; Kohl, Ellis, & Roenkerm, 1992; Mamassis & Doganis, 2004; Martin, Moritz, & Hall, 1999; Nideffer, 1976; Short & Short, 2005; Simons, 2000; Unestahl, 1982), and Health Psychology (Graham, 1995; Levine, 1991; Simonton & Creighton, 1982; Whiting & den Brinker, 1982). The first single subject series (Foster & Lendl, 1996) reported promising findings with four diverse work-related situations and was republished in APA's seminal coaching papers in Consulting Psychology, The Wisdom of Coaching (Foster & Lendl, 2007). Reduced anxiety and increased self-confidence were reported for mature performing artists launching an existing repertoire into a new arena (Foster, 2000) and in a controlled study of master swimmers (Linebarger, 2005). Note: The Linebarger study included the Brief Intervention Focusing Protocol; the paper does not include inner advisor and mental room. Special attention is given to performance elements such as ability, focus, and motivation. The EMDR Performance Enhancement Psychology protocol Forms and Script are included. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Performance Enhancement Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Hase, M. (2010, June). EMDR to treat substance abuse and addiction. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The comorbidity of PTSD and substance abuse provides sufficient reason for treating patients, who are addicted, with EMDR while focusing on the PTSD diagnosis. However, there are several pathways leading to addiction, and PTSD is only one of them. Thirty years of addiction research have provided sufficient evidence for the crucial role of memory in drug dependency.
The Addiction Memory (AM) serves as a useful concept for "obsessive-compulsive craving" to be seen in drug addicted patients. The concept of an AM, and its importance in relapse occurrence and maintenance of learned addictive behaviour, has gained growing acceptance in the field of addiction research and treatment. The AM is interpreted as an individual-acquired memory following drug consumption in some individuals. The addiction memory is based on normal memory systems and systems of central nervous information processing. This neurobiological-based, imprinted, addictive behaviour seems to resist change under normal circumstances. The implicit nature of the addiction memory seems to qualify it as a target for EMDR treatment.
In a pilot-study group, 34 patients with chronic alcohol dependency in in-patient treatment for detoxification were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU+EMDR. In the TAU+EMDR group, patients received two sessions of EMDR focussing on memories of intense craving or relapse in order to activate and reprocess the addiction memory. The craving for alcohol was measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive-Drinking-Scale (OCDS) pre, post, and 1 month after treatment. The TAU+EMDR group showed a significant reduction in craving post-treatment and 1 month after treatment whereas TAU did not. The TAU+EMDR group showed lower relapse rates at the six-month follow-up. The results indicate that EMDR might be a useful approach for the treatment of addiction memory and associated symptoms of craving (Hase et al. 2008). Anecdotal reports show results with opiate and stimulant addicted patients.
This Workshop will address the EMDR treatment of comorbid PTSD and focuses on the application of EMDR as an adjunct in addiction treatment. Targets for a comprehensive EMDR treatment plan will be explained. A video demonstration, self-experience and discussion of cases shall contribute to learning.
REFERENCES
Boening, J. A. (2001). Neurobiology of an addiction memory. J Neural Transm 108(6): 755-65.
Hase, M., Schallmayer, S. and Sack, M (2008). "EMDR reprocessing of the addiction memory: Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up" J EMDR 2 (3), 170-179.
Keywords: Addiction Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Substance Abuse TAU Treatment As Usual
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Leeds, A. (2012). EMDR treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia: Two model treatment plans. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 110-119. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.110.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article, condensed from Chapter 14 of A Guide to the Standard EMDR Protocols for Clinicians, Supervisors, and Consultants (Leeds, 2009), examines applying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to treating individuals with panic disorder (PD) and PD with agoraphobia (PDA). The literature on effective treatments for PD and PDA is reviewed focusing on cognitive and behavioral therapies, pharmacotherapy, and EMDR. Case reports and controlled studies of EMDR treatment of PD and PDA are examined for lessons to guide EMDR clinicians. Two model EMDR treatment plans are presented: one for cases of simple PD without agoraphobia or other co-occurring disorders and the other for cases of PDA or PD with co-occurring anxiety or Axis II disorders. A more extensive literature discussion, detailed treatment guidelines, and client education resources can be found in the original chapter.
Keywords: Agoraphobia CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Panic Pharmacotherapy Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Lipke, H. (2001). EMDR und andere ansätze der psychotherapie - Ein integratives modell: Theoretische und klinische empfehlungen mit schwerpunkt auf traumatischem stress [EMDR and other approaches of the psychotherapy - An inclusive model: Theoretical and clinical recommendations focusing on traumatischem stress]. Paderborn: Junfermann.
Language: German
Format: Book
Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) wurde vor mehr als zehn Jahren von Dr. Francine Shapiro entwickelt und galt anfangs insbesondere aufgrund nachweislich sehr schneller und überzeugender Behandlungserfolge als eine der ungewöhnlichsten psychotherapeutischen Methoden überhaupt. Aufgrund der positiven Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen wird EMDR mittlerweile von vielen Therapeuten erfolgreich eingesetzt.
Im Mittelpunkt des Buches steht das von Lipke entwickelte Vier-Aktivitäten-Modell, eine Ergänzung zu dem von Francine Shapiro (1995) entwickelten AIP-Modell der beschleunigten Informationsverarbeitung. Damit schafft Lipke einen Rahmen für das Verständnis psychotherapeutischer Arbeit im allgemeinen und für die Integration von Shapiros Theorie über die Verarbeitung dysfunktionaler Erinnerungen in die bisherigen Formen psychotherapeutischer Arbeit. Das vorgestellte Modell liefert eine Handlungsanleitung für die Anwendung von EMDR in der therapeutischen Praxis. Dabei kann Lipke auf seine fast dreißigjährige klinische Erfahrung mit traditionelleren Behandlungsansätzen ebenso zurückgreifen wie auf seine über zehnjährige Praxis in der Anwendung und Vermittlung von EMDR. Das Buch ist nicht als Einführung in die Theorie und Praxis von EMDR, sondern eher als Erläuterung der Arbeit mit dieser Methode in einem umfassenderen therapeutischen Zusammenhang gedacht.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) was developed more than ten years ago by Dr. Francine Shapiro and was initially due in particular proved very fast and impressive treatment success as one of the most unusual methods of psychotherapy in general. Due to the positive results of scientific studies EMDR is now used by many therapists successfully. The focus of the book which is developed by Lipke four activities model, a complement to the Francine Shapiro (1995) developed the AIP model of accelerated information processing. This creates a framework for understanding Lipke psychotherapeutic work in general and for the integration of Shapiro's theory about the dysfunctional processing of memories in the previous forms of psychotherapeutic work. The proposed model provides a guide to action for the application of EMDR in therapeutic practice. It can draw on his nearly thirty years Lipke clinical experience with more traditional treatment approaches as well as on its more than ten years of practice in the use and placement of EMDR. The book is not intended as an introduction to the theory and practice of EMDR, but rather as an explanation of the work with this method in a wider therapeutic context.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Tinker, R. H., & Wilson, S. A. (2007, June). EMDR with children around the world: Sixteen years later. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The present workshop will be primarily practice oriented,
with the morning session focusing on Age-Related Protocols
with progressively younger children (down to age
one year), and the afternoon session focusing on the use
of EMDR in a group format with children traumatized by
war. We will present data on its effectiveness with two
groups of Ethnic Albanian refugee children held in a German
refugee camp. A group exercise will assist workshop
participants in understanding the protocol for group administration
of EMDR. Other research considerations will
be presented, related to successful and unsuccessful projects
with children. Also in the afternoon, we will target
the more severe disorders of childhood, such as multiply-traumatized
children and attachment disordered children.
We will give attention to issues related to
trauma-based diagnosis, the use of art with EMDR, and a
treatment model featuring short interventions throughout
the developmental years and how these affect developmental
trajectories. Throughout the workshop, we
will use videotapes to illustrate the issues that are most
salient, the importance of attunement and finer points of
technique
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Lovett, J. (2011, August). EMDR with children: Getting dtarted. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Dr. Lovett’s workshop will focus on practical treatment approaches for resolving trauma in children and adolescents, focusing on the 8 phases of EMDR and the 3 pronged protocol. Participants will learn to identify developmental differences in the encoding and retrieval of a memory that would impact EMDR processing with children. They will learn to use EMDR with cooperation games as a source of resources for children. The presentation will include videos, case discussion and experiential learning.
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Meignant, I. (2011, June). EMDR with couples in the context of family therapy [EMDR mit paaren im kontext der familientherapie]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The use of both Mony Elkaïm’s systemic model and the AIP model is a new perspective for couples’therapy and for EMDR target plan and further in individual therapy where relational problems are involved. This workshop will teach present a way to do a target plan for relational problem treatment. Focusing on couples’therapy the workshop will show how to do an EMDR case conceptualization integrating the systemic model. It will propose clinical question/answer that will help to decide to use EMDR or not in the couple session, choosing the position of the other member of the couple during the reprocessing phases. It will show the use of individual safe places as a safe place for the couple during the session and at home.
What we propose here is that the understanding of Mony Elkaïm’s Systemic model for a couple in crisis guides us to find where to work on the past of each member to heal the couple in the EMDR target plan. We imagine that this understanding can be of help to build a bridge between any 2 parts of a relation: 2friends, 2 colleagues, 2 persons from different culture or religion.
The presentation will illustrate how the systemic model created by Mony Elkaïm for understanding couple crisis can be useful in the EMDR treatment of couples, EMDR case conceptualization and EMDR target plan. This model insists on the double bind in which each member of the couple is torn between his/her Official Program and his/her World View. For example: "I want to be loved" (O.P) and" if someone loves me he will leave me" (W.V.). These world views are creating repetitive cycles which are trapping the members of the couple or of any people in interaction. The aim of the EMDR practitioner is to treat the dysfunctional stored memories connected with these world views and give them flexibility to free the members of the couple from the vicious circle in which they are caught.
In this presentation we propose to show how making hypothesis about the World view of each member of the couple and verifying them will guide us to the individual target that will be the Gordian knot in the present problem the couple is dealing with, hence helping the system to evolve from a situation of crisis to a situation of equilibrium.
Using EMDR will help to give flexibility to the world view of each member. Using it within Mony Elkaïm’s systemic model will help the couple. Following each phase of the EMDR model eight-phases protocol, we will show how it will be applied to couple therapy with case studies and practice example. We will see how this target plan can apply to any dyad or system in crisis in family therapy, couple therapy and individual therapy.
Learning objectives:
•Understand how to use the systemic model, reciprocal double bind, to find the individual targets that are involved in the couple or any relational present problem in an EMDR target plan.
•Being able to do the installation of EMDR safe place as a resource for the couple.
•Evaluate more clearly whether and when to use EMDR in the couple therapy session.
•Knowing specifications of each of the 8 phases EMDR protocol with couple.
Keywords: Couples Family Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Montgomery, R. W. (1993). An empirical investigation of eye movement desensitization. Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA. AAT 9409413.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Recently, a series of studies have presented a highly unorthodox procedure, Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), which involved the repeated exposure of a subject to their own disturbing memories while generating a series of saccadic eye movements. These reports are largely clinical case reports, therefore the technique has not been empirically validated. The current investigation determined if the simple saccadic eye movements (rhythmically tracking a stimulus) in conjunction with the repeated exposure decreased the intensity of disturbing memories experienced in PTSD or whether such decreases could be obtained through repeated exposure alone. Subject's self-reports and physiological information regarding the discomfort experienced during their disturbing memories were recorded prior to, during, and following treatment. Diagnostic procedures including a structured clinical interview were utilized in making diagnoses.A series of three multiple baseline across subjects single-case experimental designs were utilized. Results indicate that rates of distress were uniformly high during the intake/baseline. The initial control treatment condition, Shapiro's EMD treatment package minus the saccadic eye movements, was ineffective in altering these high levels of distress. Treatment of these 6 patients with the EMD protocol resulted in 5 of the 6 subjects showing clinically significant decreases in their self-reported levels of distress around their intrusive disturbing memories. Physiological data also reflected greater positive change during the EMD treatment for each subject. Overall, the EMD treatment protocol resulted in over a 70% decrease in self-reported distress across the 6 subjects investigated. This investigation of the use of EMD with non-combat PTSD subjects reflects the first investigation of EMD with this population utilizing single-case experimental methodology. The results were clear and dramatic. The treatment was effective with 5 of the 6 subjects and for that subject who reported no positive changes issues of secondary gain for continued disability were salient. Overall, this report represents an attempt to investigate EMD with a PTSD population utilizing a systematically replicated multiple baseline across subjects design. Further investigation, particularly focusing on treatment package dismantling, is therefore called for with EMD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Clinical Trial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Peterson, G. (2003, September). Energy healing methods to supplement EMDR in the treatment of DID. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment (EMDR) is a powerful method for the treatment of PTSD. Therapists may uncover a
covert dissociative disorder in the course of applying EMDR. The presentation will compare the major components of EMDR and energy psychotherapy techniques. Both of these treatment methods have in common 1) focusing on (attuning to) a disturbing problem, issue, or event; 2) applying a prescribed set of procedures to resolve the disturbance or imbalance. Participants will grasp the indications/risks/contraindications of use of EMDR and energy methods with DID. They will understand how energy healing methods can support EMDR.
Keywords: Dissociative Disorders Energy Psychology Energy Therapies
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Staff. (2004, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Office of Substance Abuse Services, Current Tx Trends, 2(7), 1-2.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Over the last decade, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprogramming (EMDR) has emerged as a well documented treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). A growing body of research is exploring its application to the treatment of other pathological conditions, including substance use disorders. EMDR was developed in the late 1980s by Francine Shapiro, at the time a graduate student in English literature confronting a diagnosis of cancer. Ms. Shapiro noted that, when dealing with her own distressing memories, simultaneously focusing on eye movements appeared to decrease the associated negative emotions. She assumed that eye movements had a desensitizing effect, and upon further investigation found that others also had the same response to the technique.
Keywords: Pathological Conditions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Substance Abuse Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2010, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Retrieved from http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/ViewIntervention.aspx?id=199 on 3/25/2011.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a one-on-one form of psychotherapy that is designed to reduce trauma-related stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to improve overall mental health functioning. Treatment is provided by an EMDR therapist, who first reviews the client's history and assesses the client's readiness for EMDR. During the preparation phase, the therapist works with the client to identify a positive memory associated with feelings of safety or calm that can be used if psychological distress associated with the traumatic memory is triggered. The target traumatic memory for the treatment session is accessed with attention to image, negative belief, and body sensations. Repetitive 30-second dual-attention exercises are conducted in which the client attends to a motor task while focusing on the target traumatic memory and then on any related negative thoughts, associations, and body sensations. The most common motor task used in EMDR is side-to-side eye movements that follow the therapist's finger; however, alternating hand tapping or auditory tones delivered through headphones can be used. The exercises are repeated until the client reports no emotional distress. The EMDR therapist then asks the client to think of a preferred positive belief regarding the incident and to focus on this positive belief while continuing with the exercises. The exercises end when the client reports with confidence comfortable feelings and a positive sense of self when recalling the target trauma. The therapist and client review the client's progress and discuss scenarios or contexts that might trigger psychological distress. These triggers and positive images for appropriate future action are also targeted and processed. In addition, the therapist asks the client to keep a journal, noting any material related to the traumatic memory, and to focus on the previously identified positive safe or calm memory whenever psychological distress associated with the traumatic memory is triggered.
The underlying mechanism for how this process works to reduce trauma-related stress, anxiety, and depression is unknown. Researchers have theorized that the positive effect is due to adaptive information processing, the theoretical model behind EMDR. Through adaptive information processing, the dual-attention exercises disrupt the client's stored memory of the trauma to allow for an elimination of negative beliefs, emotions, and somatic symptoms associated with the memory as it connects with more adaptive information stored in the memory networks. Once recall of the trauma no longer elicits negative beliefs, emotions, or somatic symptoms and the memory simultaneously shifts to a more adaptive set of beliefs, emotions, and somatic responses, it is stored again, overwriting the original memory of the trauma.
EMDR is typically delivered in 60- to 90-minute sessions, although shorter sessions have been used successfully. The number of sessions varies with the complexity of the trauma being treated. For an isolated, single traumatic event, one to three sessions may be sufficient for treatment. However, when the trauma involves repeated traumatic events, such as combat trauma and physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, many more sessions may be needed for comprehensive treatment.
Keywords: Intervention Summary
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Maxfield, L. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. In C. R. Figley, (Ed.), Brief treatments for the traumatized: A project of the Green Cross Foundation (pp. 148-169). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Since Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced 12 years ago it has become the most researched treatment for PTSD and its efficacy has been widely recognized. EMDR is a comprehensive treatment protocol in which the client attends to emotionally disturbing material in short sequential doses while simultaneously focusing on an external stimulus (therapist-directed eye movements, hand-tapping, auditory tones). This chapter provides an overview of the development of EMDR and Shapiro's Adaptive Information Processing model, which hypothesizes that EMDR works by forging new links between elements of traumatic memories and adaptive information contained in other memory networks. The empirical evidence is examined, with summaries of 12 controlled studies: civilian participants demonstrated a 70 to 90% decrease in PTSD diagnosis after 3 to 4 EMDR sessions, and combat veterans a 78% decrease in PTSD diagnosis after 12 sessions. A concise explanation of the 8 phases of EMDR treatment process is augmented with multiple client vignettes. Finally, a case illustration provides a detailed description of the application of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD (Pilots). [Text, p. 148]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Maxfield, L. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. In C. R. Figley, (Ed). Brief treatments for the traumatized: A project of the Green Cross Foundation. Contributions in psychology, no. 39. (pp. 148-169). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press/Greenwood Publishing Group.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Since Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced 12 years ago (F. Shapiro, 1989), it has become the most research treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its efficacy has been widely recognized. EMDR is a comprehensive treatment protocol in which the client attends to emotionally disturbing material in short sequential doses while simultaneously focusing on an external stimulus. This chapter provides an overview of the development of EMDR and Shapiro's (2001) Adaptive Information Processing Model, which hypothesizes that EMDR works by forging new links between elements of traumatic memories and adaptive information contained in other memory networks. The empirical evidence is examined, with summaries of 12 controlled studies: Civilian participants demonstrated a 70-90% decrease in PTSD diagnosis after 3-4 EMDR sessions. A concise explanation of the 8 phases of EMDR treatment process is augmented with multiple client vignettes. Finally, a case illustration provides a detailed description of the application of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Empirical Evidence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Traumatic Memories
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Severe, N. D. (1998, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treatment application to post-traumatic stress disorder in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA. AAT 9820480.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This document presents an individual case study focusing on the qualitative application of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to PTSD in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. Theoretical, empirical and clinical descriptions of PTSD and EMDR are presented in order to understand childhood psychological trauma and its treatment. Further, an explanation of childhood psychic trauma is presented to distinguish between single event trauma (Type I Trauma) and multiple exposure to psychologically overwhelming events (Type II Trauma) as defined by Lenore Terr. Child abuse and specifically sexual abuse is described as an example of a Type II trauma that is closely related to the development of post-traumatic symptoms and reactions. EMDR is selected as the main cognitive behavioral treatment to help reduce PTSD symptoms in an 11-year-old male who has witnessed and experienced numerous interpersonal stressor related traumatic events.A clinical review of the child's EMDR focused treatment is summarized in a total of twenty-five sessions that follow Shapiro's EMDR 8-Step Treatment Model. Qualitative changes to the standard adult EMDR protocol made by the treating therapist are presented to illustrate how EMDR can be modified and adapted to work with latency age children. The results of the study suggest that EMDR may be a useful adjunct to an overall treatment plan aimed at ameliorating the traumatic symptoms and developmental difficulties associated with PTSD in children. The author emphasizes the need for the clinician using EMDR with children and adults to constantly target and assess the impact of present stressors and their role in the maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(1-B), Jul 1998, pp. 0438.
Keywords: Case Report Empirical Study Male Multiple Traumatic Events Nonclinical Case Study Posttrauamtic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Foster, S., Lendl, J., & Wilson, D. (1992, July). Eye movement desensitization useful against anxiety, trauma. The California Psychologist, 20.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing (EMDR)
procedure, developed by Francine
Shapiro, Ph.D., was introduced as a
new rapid treatment for anxiety and
related traumata. Dr. Shapiro
serendipitously discovered that
lateral eye movements (saccades)
produced a decrease in distress
associated with dysfunctional
thoughts. The basic protocol for
integrating EMDR into clinical work
involves the client performing sets
of saccades (usually when tracking
the therapist's finger) while visualizing
a disturbing image, thinking a
disconcerning thought or focusing
on an unpleasant affect. The result is
- often a rapid working through of
even strong negative feelings, a
disappearance of the upsetting
images and a facilitation of cognitive restructuring of dysfunctional
thoughts.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Kapoula, Z., Misset, P., Poncet, S., Bruneau, S., & Bucci, M. P. (2007, June). Eye movement patterns during the Rorschach test: Implications for EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is hypothesized that eye movements used in EMDR practice influence both memory and emotional state, some laboratory studies provide evidence for such influence (Christman et al, 2003, Neurobiology; Barrowcliff et al., J. Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 2004). From a neurophysiological point of view, it is also interesting to examine to what extent some eye movement parameters may be modulated by memory and emotions. For instance, it is well established that memory driven saccades in simplified laboratory tests, present different characteristics (longer preparation time, lower accuracy, lower velocity) than visually guided movement. During EMDR the eye movements (mostly pursuit) are elicited externally by the therapist, yet at the same time the patient is in touch mentally with the traumatic image and related negative emotions. The physiology of such movements might be different and this could be explored with specific studies. Another important issue is to what extent movements of the eyes are helpful in coding and retrieving visual images. Accordingly to scanpath theory, eye movements are cognitively driven by sensory and motor representation; repetitive eye movements to the same area of an image are attributed to checking if the image corresponds to what the observer imagines (Noton & Stack, 1971; Brandt & Stark, 1997). Future laboratory research could bring together such theories and EMDR psychotherapy, e.g., by examining spontaneous eye movements related to negative image.
In this conference, we will present preliminary data from a laboratory study on eye movement patterns during the Roschach test. Eight healthy students conducted the experiment. Seated in front of a computer screen, subjects were equipped with a binocular video eye tracker (Chronos) sampling eye position images from each eye every 4 msec. Instantaneous eye position data were stored on a computer and analyzed afterwards with laboratory software. Each are of the Roschach test was presented for 30 sec., after which, the experimenter (a psychologist) recorded the response given by the subject.
Analysis of eye movement patterns were examined in relation to subjective verbal reports.
Results: The first question asked was to what extent the eye movement pattern reflected the imaged projected by the subject or by the visual properties of the Rorschach image itself. To gain some insight, we concentrated on the cards for which our subjected gave no standard responses, thus very different from one subject to the other (e.g., card IX). Eye movement exploration (the surface of the image explored, its patiaol composition e.g. the resprctive proportion of horizontal versus vertical movements) was correlated with the verbal report and the specific mental imagery (larger surface, multiple focusing points when several personages or objects were imaged). This provides evident for top-down influence; the eyes are exploring the projective interpretative image; repetitive movements back and forth to same points which help in turn consolidate this mental imagery.
Psychological analysis of eye movements (saccades and fixation) was also made. Saccades are found to be as fast as when looking reflexively to single visual targets; during fixations, however, between saccades, the eyes were more instable, particularly the visual uses were crossing at different depths from one fixation to another. Further ongoing analysis will correlate fixation duration and depth instability to spatial and emotional content of the subjective report.
Keywords: Eye Movements Mechanism of Action Neurobiology Poster Rorschach Test
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Andresen, K. (2003, September). Focus on the body during EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Clinicians can enhance EMDR results by focusing more on body sensations. This enhances results by helping clients to engage more with the target and with their feelings about the target. Through focusing on the body, clinicians will learn how to help clients access more information about the target, direct clients so they can feel sensations more strongly or clearly, reduce stress that clients may feel about sensation states (sensate triggers), and enable clients to better release chronic muscle pain. Participants will be able to assess clients for when to use body focus and when to avoid it.
Keywords: Body Sensations
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. McGuire-Bouwman, K. (1998). Focusing and the "power" therapies. Presentation at the 10th International Focusing Conference, Spring Valley, New York .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
While research is needed to prove what look to be dramatic effects, the attention of medical and psychological science is being captured by approaches which work with the "body,"such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Thought Field Therapy, and Emotional Freedom Techniques™. Focusing has always been a "body-based" therapy and has always, in the experience of we who practice focusing-oriented therapy, produced results much more dramatic than "just talking" therapy. What is the relationship between focusing, EMDR, TFT, and EFT? How are they similar/different? How can knowledge of focusing therapy integrate with and enhance the application of these new "power" therapies? Without claiming to be an expert in the new techniques, Dr. McGuire will demonstrate Focusing Therapy, EMDR, and EFT with audience volunteers and lead a discussion on inter-relationships. Other focusing-oriented therapists who are specialized in one of the power therapies would be welcome to participate. If others have submitted similar proposals, we could combine into a three-hour panel with demonstrations. 1.5 hrs. Kathy McGuire-Bouwman, PhD.
Keywords: EFT Focusing Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Orr, F. (2002, June). Focusing with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Dr. Orr will experientially introduce participants to the step-by-step Focusing method of accessing a physically felt body sense of a problem and moving it foward. Participants will be able to identify the six step Focusing method of finding the door to where they live inside their body. Dr. Orr will present his method and experience of combining Focusing and EMDR.
Keywords: Felt Body Sense Focusing Method
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Armstrong, H., & Armstrong, M. (2002, May). Focusing, hypnosis, EMDR and neurology. Presentation at the 14th International Focusing Conference, Asilomar, California.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Focusing Hypnosis Neurology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Wizansky, B. ([2003]). Footsteps through the maze - A model for using EMDR with oppositional children. Presentation at the EMDR Israel Association, Nazereth Ilit, Israel.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This paper presents a therapeutic model developed to facilitate communication with children who have difficulty cooperating with the therapeutic process. The model utilizes the concept of a Maze metaphorically, in combination with the directed focusing, dual attention, and bilateral stimulation of
EMDR in order to meet and process disturbing emotion. Underlying this model is the concept of an internal psychic space, connected to memory and association, wherein reside the child's potential range of emotions. “The Maze”, becomes the metaphor for that space, while a step by step process leads gradually to playful, non threatening communication with the child about his problem. (the entrance). The Footsteps (self drumming on alternate knees) provide the bilateral stimulation and dual attention required by EMDR. These lead the child on his own path to better ways of coping (the exit).
Before presenting the model, the paper discusses several points: First, the necessity of touching on this inner space in order to bring about balance and change; second, the difficulties which traumatized, rigidly defended children have in approaching their emotions; and third, the role of cumulative trauma in preserving the child’s defenses and oppositional stance.
Keywords: Children Footsteps Through the Maze Opposition Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Scofield, T. (1998, October). Francine Shapiro. The Family Journal, 6(4), 337-345. doi:10.1177/1066480798064016.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Presents an interview with Dr. Francine Shapiro, the originator and central figure associated with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). In this interview, Dr. Shapiro discusses the experiences that influenced and gave rise to her innovative approach. She speaks directly to the many misconceptions associated with EMDR while also focusing on EMDR as a learning catalyst. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Francine Shapiro Psychologists
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Connor, P. K. (2005). Guideline-based programs in the treatment of complex PTSD. Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The term “post-traumatic stress disorder” (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnostic label, being formally recognized in 1980 in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Illness – Third Edition (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980). Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CP) is a more recently discussed, and newly-classified, phenomenon, initially discussed in the early 1990s (Herman, 1992a). Thus, as research into effective treatments for CP is sparse, the treatment of CP is the topic of this study, in which a guideline-based treatment program developed by the researcher for the treatment of CP is implemented and evaluated. Ten individuals participated in this study, undertaking individualized, guideline-based treatment programs spanning a period of six months. In providing background information relevant to this study, an explanation is provided regarding the nature of CP, and the reasons for its consideration as a separate phenomenon to PTSD. The adequacy of the PTSD formulation in enabling effective assessment and treatment of CP is also explored, with endorsement of previous researchers’ conclusions that the CP construct is more useful than the PTSD construct for assessing and treating survivors of long-term and multiple forms of abuse. The PTSD classification is restrictive, and not necessarily appropriate for certain forms of trauma (such as prolonged trauma, or multiple forms of trauma), as such trauma experiences may lead to specific effects that lay outside those formerly associated with PTSD. Such effects include alterations in affect regulation, consciousness, self-perception, interpersonal relationships, and in systems of meaning. Following discussion regarding the PTSD/CP classification, an examination of treatment methods currently used in the treatment of PTSD, and a review of treatment outcome studies, takes place. The adequacy of primary treatment methods in treating CP symptoms is then examined, with the conclusion that a range of treatment methods could potentially be useful in the treatment of CP symptoms. Individuals with a diagnosis of CP may benefit from the adoption of an eclectic approach, drawing on different treatment options for different symptoms, and constantly evaluating client progress and re-evaluating interventions. This review of treatment approaches is followed by details of an initial study undertaken to obtain feedback from individuals who had suffered long-term/multiple trauma and who had received treatment. Participants in this initial study were asked open-ended questions regarding the treatment approach they had experienced, the most useful aspect of the treatment, the least useful aspect, and other strategies/treatment approaches that may have been useful – but which were not used. The feedback obtained from these individuals was used to inform the development of treatment guidelines for use in the main study, as were recommendations made by Chu (1998). The predominant focus of the treatment guidelines was “ego strengthening”, a term coined by Chu (1998) to describe the “initial (sometimes lengthy) period of developing fundamental skills in maintaining supportive relationships, developing self-care strategies, coping with symptomatology, improving functioning, and establishing a positive self identity” (p.75). Using a case study approach, data are then presented relating to each of the ten individuals involved in the treatment program: details of his/her trauma experience(s)and the impact of the trauma (as perceived by each individual); details of each individual’s treatment program (as planned, and as implemented); post-treatment evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of the treatment program (from the therapist’s perspective); and details of the symptoms reported by the individual post-treatment, via psychometric assessment and also during interview. Analysis and discussion of the data relating to the ten participants in the study are the focal point of this study. The evaluation of the effectiveness of each individual’s treatment has been based predominantly on qualitative data, obtained from an analysis of language (discourse analysis) used by participants to describe their symptoms pre- and post-treatment. Both blatant and subtle changes in the language used by participants to describe themselves, their behaviour, and their relationships pre- and post-treatment have provided an insight into the possible changes that occurred as a result of the treatment program. The language used by participants has been a rich source of data, one that has enabled the researcher to obtain information that could not be obtained using psychometric assessment methods. Most of the participants in this study portrayed notable changes in many of the CP symptoms, including being more stable and having improved capacity to explore their early abuse. Although no direct cause-effect relationship between the participants’ treatment program and the improvements described can be established from this study, the participants’ perception that the program assisted them with their symptoms, and reported many aspects of “ego strengthening”, is of major importance. Such self-perception of strength and empowerment is important if an individual is going to be able to deal with past trauma experiences. In fact, abreactive work may have a greater chance of succeeding if those who have experienced long-term or multiple trauma are feeling more empowered, and more stable, as were the participants in this study (post-intervention). In concluding this study, recommendations have been made in regard to the use of guideline-based treatment programs in the responsible treatment of CP. Strengths and limitations of this study have also been highlighted, and recommendations have been made regarding possibilities for future research related to CP treatment. On the whole, this study has supported strongly other research that highlights the importance of focusing on “ego strengthening” in assisting those who have suffered long-term/multiple trauma experiences. Thus, a guideline-based program focusing on assisting sufferers of long-term trauma with some, or all, of the symptoms of CP, is recommended as an important first stage of any treatment of individuals who have experienced long-term/multiple trauma, allowing them to develop the emotional and psychological strength required to deal with past traumatic events. Clinicians who are treating patients whose history depicts long-term or multiple trauma experiences (either from their childhood, or at some stage in their adult life) need, therefore, to be mindful of assessing individuals for symptoms of CP – so that they can treat these symptoms prior to engaging in any work associated directly with the past traumatic experiences. [Author abstract]
D.H.Sc.(Psych.) thesis, School of Psychology.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. Tudor, T. (1994). Healing the heart: EMDR in post-unification MPD therapy. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(1), 8-9.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: M
ultiple Personality Disorder (MPD)
represents the most severe form of
the Dissociative Disorders. The predominant
symptoms are disturbances
in the normally integrative functions
of identity and memory (American
Psychiatric Association, 1987). There
has been an explosion of interest in
the disorder since about 1984
Putnam, 1989; Ross, 1989), with many
articles focusing upon phenomena,
diagnosis, and treatment. The treatment
articles have focused primarily
upon thechallengingissues that have
to be dealt with prior to the eventual
unification ofthe mind, as represented
by the fusions of the various alter
personalities. Relatively little has
been written about the post-unification
phase of treatment, except that
treatment does not end with unification
(Kluft, 1988).
Keywords: Post-Unification MPD Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Occhi, S., Albiol, L. M., & Cicognani, E. (2007). Il disturbo post-traumatico da stress: Una rassegna [Post-traumatic stress disorder: A review]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 13(3), 323-344.
Language: Italian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Questo articolo presenta una rassegna aggiornata teorico del Post-Traumatico da Stress Disorder (PTSD) concetto, un disturbo mentale che può comparire dopo essere stato esposto direttamente o indirettamente, ad un evento traumatico. L'articolo inizia con una descrizione della sintomatologia, suddivisi in: rivivere l'evento traumatico, evitamento, ottundimento reattività generale e ipervigilanza. Questo è seguito da una presentazione dei più recenti studi che indicano la presenza di disordine da stress post-traumatico nella popolazione, sia nella popolazione generale e nei soggetti direttamente coinvolti in un evento traumatico. Post-traumatico da stress sintomi del disturbo sono identificati mediante questionari specifici descritti nella sezione riferimento a strumenti di indagine. Lo studio delle basi biologiche per il PTSD è diventata particolarmente significativo negli ultimi anni, e abbiamo analizzato questo contesto in modo più approfondito per questo motivo, con particolare riferimento al ruolo dell'asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene. Un impulso importante dello studio del PTSD è dovuto alla crescente importanza dato alla prevenzione, intesa come riduzione dell'impatto dei disturbi psichiatrici che concentrandosi su Eye Movement Desensibilizzazione e ritrattamento (EMDR), il trattamento psicologico, con il supporto di tecniche che riguarda la terapia cognitivo comportamentale e il trattamento farmacologico che prevede l'uso di inibitori della ricaptazione della serotonina selettiva, quali siano le forme più studiate. (PsycINFO record del database (c) 2008 APA, tutti i diritti riservati)
This article presents an updated theoretical review of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) concept, a mental disorder that can appear after being exposed directly or indirectly to a traumatic event. The article begins with a description of the symptomatology, divided in: re-living the traumatic event, avoidance, dulling general reactivity and hyperarousal. This is followed by a presentation of the most recent studies which indicate the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the population, both in the general population and in subjects directly involved in a traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms are identified by using specific questionnaires described in the section referring to investigation instruments. The study of the biological bases for PTSD has become particularly significant in recent years, and we analysed this context in greater detail for this reason, with particular reference to the role of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. An important boost of the study of PTSD is due to the increasing importance placed on prevention, understood as a reduction of the impact of psychiatric disorders which focusing on Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), on psychological treatment, with the support of techniques that concerns cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment that involves the use of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, which are the forms studied most. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review
Accuracy Verified: No
50. Yang, Y. (2005, June). An integrated grief-focused intervention after the death of a chief teacher. In Psychotrauma and EMDR in China and Slovakia, Part 1. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
During the SARS outbreak in 2003, a chief middle school teacher in Beijing
unfortunately died of the disease. After her death, her students and
colleagues fell into a state of emotional and behavioral disturbance. We
describe in this paper a grief-focused intervention program offered by the
community-based youth hotline crisis intervention group and the school
counselor. In particular, the paper focuses on describing in detail a group based
intervention program for the affected students, including its
administrative structure, therapeutic objectives and interventions, and group
process. The intervention protocol was designed by combining cognitive behavior
and social therapy with some adapted skills of Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). It was found that stabilization and
installation were strongly significant in helping the students to recover from
this traumatic event by focusing on positive resources. We argue that in the Chinese cultural context, it is most important to build such an integrated
crisis intervention scheme to cope with such an event.
Keywords: China Grief Psychotrauma Slovakia Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Nichols, L. M. (2012). Integrating complementary therapies with counseling: A qualitative study of practicing counselors' approaches to wellness. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
There is a growing interest in the United States in complementary therapies (CT) to
address the health needs and hopes of individuals. Research in the medical and allied
health communities has reflected the expanding interest, however, the counseling
profession has limited literature focusing on CT integration practices. The current study
expands on existing research using a constructivist lens and grounded theory approach; a
sample of 16 practicing counselors were interviewed to develop a theoretical model of
CT integration in the counseling context. Scholarly literature has described CT and
reasons for its use, which can be linked to counseling through professional identity, the
wellness model, and ethical practice. The results of this study indicate that experience,
beliefs, competence, and practice are primary factors in the integration of CT in
counseling. Implications of the results on the counseling profession will be detailed in
terms of practice, training, and future research.
Keywords: Complementary Therapies Counselor Approaches Qualitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Armstrong, M. K. (2009). Integrating focusing into EMDR. Author.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Focusing views the felt sense as the point at which we can access the
unconscious. Both Focusing and EMDR recognize the body's physical
response as the entry point into memory. Shapiro includes the body scan
in EMDR's protocol. She reminds us that the physical sensations
experienced at the time of the event are stored in the nervous system and
may constitute the dominant thread of the associative sequence (p. 79).
She instructs clinicians to ask clients to concentrate on the attendant
physical sensations while the eye movement sets are systematically altered
(p. 178). Those familiar with Focusing will find it very natural to follow
Shapiro's instructions to have clients "close their eyes and fix their entire
attention on the location of the sensation. Whatever image or thought
appears should then be targeted" (p.180). [Excerpt]
Keywords: Focusing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. Armstrong, M. (2002, May). Integration of focusing and EMDR. Presentation at the 14th International Focusing Conference, Asilomar, California.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Focusing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Holstein, B. (2008). The integration of focusing with EMDR and kabbala concepts. Presentation at the 10th International Focusing Conference, Spring Valley, New York.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This session will be a presentation of concepts and exercises from the Kabbala as applied to living forward in one's life through focusing and EMDR. Specific struggles, such as addictive eating, repeated relationship difficulties, and identity and esteem issues will be addressed. This workshop will include experiential exercises toward living the life you envision. 1.5 hrs. Bonnie Holstein, PsyD.
Keywords: Kabbala
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Keenan, P., & Wright, C. (2008, June). A joint working approach to the identification and treatment (EMDR) of peri-natal post traumatic stress disorder (PN-PTSD). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
For most people childbirth is a time for celebration and joy. However, for some women it can prove a harrowing
and traumatising experience. This may result in mothers developing Peri-natal Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
(PN-PTSD), (Slade, 2006). The reported prevalence of PN-PTSD ranges from 1.5% to 6%, (Beck, 2004). There is a
general lack of awareness of this issue, encompassing a myriad of health care professionals (General Practioners,
Health Visitors, Obstetricians and non specialist Psychiatrists), (Robinson, 2003). This can lead to misdiagnosis
and inappropriate treatment being offered, (Czarnocks & Slade, 2000). This paper will critically examine some of
the common themes associated with PN-PTSD and how EMDR can and should be used as an effective treatment
intervention. A case study will be used by way of explanation. The paper will discuss future staff training needs
and research implications, focusing on joint working between Health Visiting Services and Primary Care Mental
Health Teams. Finally the paper will discuss a future training initiative for health Visitors in the recognition and
signposting of PN-PTSD.
Keywords: Perinatal Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PN-PTSD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. Lovell, K. (2011). Lovell, Karina. In D. J. Stein, M. J. Friedman, and Carlos Blanco (Eds.), Post-traumatic stress disorder (pp. 208-210). Wiley-Blackwell.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Comments on the original article by R. A. Bryant (see record 2011-21915-016) regarding psychological interventions for trauma exposure and PTSD. Systematic reviews demonstrate that of the CBT interventions, exposure-based interventions are considered the treatment of choice for PTSD. However, what is most striking about this chapter is the dearth of literature focusing on the essential components of the evidence-based interventions for PTSD. Thus, despite the increasing evidence base, there remains ambiguity concerning the 'active ingredients' of CBT and EMDR interventions for PTSD, including the specific content of the intervention, the delivery style, where the intervention should take place and the skills and expertise required to deliver it. It could be argued that we have two evidence-based interventions but that they are not being implemented into the clinical arena by therapists for a variety of reasons, we don't know whether they are acceptable to patients and there is a lack of literature concerning the critical ingredients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Evidence Based Practice Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotherapy Trauma Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. Giannantonio, M. (2008, Novembre). L’integrazione possible: accedere alle emozioni con strategie imaginative e corporee [Integration impossible: Access to emotions with imaginative and corporeal strategies]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Il modello paradigmatico di intervento clinico al quale l’EMDR si ispira è di non interferenza all’interno dell’elaborazione adattiva prodotta autonomamente dal paziente, stimolato da una ottimale relazione terapeutica e dalla stimolazione bilaterale all’interno di un campo di attenzione duale. Nondimeno, è esperienza abituale del clinico come tale modello incappi regolarmente all’interno di stalli rielaborativi che impediscono una adeguata desensibilizzazione e rielaborazione degli eventi stressanti o francamente traumatici. Per tale motivo, l’EMDR può massimizzare la sua efficacia psicoterapeutica attraverso l’impiego di specifiche strategie di “intervento cognitivo integrativo”, finalizzate all’implementazione adattiva ed ecologica delle risorse inattingibili da parte del paziente. In questa comunicazione, che prende in parte ispirazione dalle domande e dalle difficoltà emergenti nei colleghi durante l’attività di supervisione, attraverso numerose esemplificazioni cliniche si intenderà mostrare l’impiego flessibile ed euristico di strategie immaginative e corporee come interventi integrativi di particolare efficacia. In particolare, verrà posta una specifica attenzione nei confronti degli stalli integrativi dovuti principalmente a meccanismi dissociativi che possono causare difficoltà anche notevoli all’attività dello psicoterapeuta. Fenomeni dissociativi massicci, infatti, possono mostrarsi sin dall’inizio (in particolare qualora l’evento abbia suscitato una dissociazione peritraumatica), rendendo apparentemente non affrontabile il ricordo del paziente, in quanto non evocatore di alcuna risonanza emotiva; diversamente, la gestione dissociativa dei ricordi comparirà tra una seduta e l’altra, oppure all’interno del processo elaborativo condotto con l’EMDR. Verrà mostrato come la dissociazione, che può rendere impossibile l’elaborazione, possa essere gradualmente ridotta iperassociando il paziente nei confronti dei propri ricordi, di volta in volta privilegiando attività rivolte nei confronti delle immagini mentali oppure attraverso l’adozione di posture corporee finalizzate alla rottura delle barriere dissociative.
The paradigmatic model of clinical intervention in which EMDR is based is not interference in preparing adaptive generate themselves from the patient, stimulated by optimal therapeutic relationship and the bilateral stimulation within a field of attention dual. Nevertheless, it is habitual experience of the clinician how this model regularly encountering processed within stalls that prevent a adequate desensitization and reworking frankly stressful or traumatic events. Therefore, EMDR can maximize its effectiveness through the use of specific psychotherapeutic strategies, "Integrative cognitive intervention, aimed at the implementation of adaptive and ecological resources unattainable by the patient. In this communication, which takes some inspiration, the questions and difficulties emerging in the colleagues during the supervisory activities through numerous clinical examples to show you will understand the use of flexible, heuristic imaginative strategies and body as supplementary measures, particularly effective. In particular, specific attention will be paid in respect of the stalls due mainly to additional dissociative mechanisms that can cause considerable difficulties although the activity of psychotherapist. Dissociative phenomena massive, in fact, can show the beginning (in particularly if the event has generated a dissociation peritraumatica), making apparently not face the memory of the patient, because not suggestive of any resonance emotional, otherwise the management dissociative memories appear between sessions and one or within the computational process conducted with EMDR. Will be shown as the dissociation which may make it impossible to process, can be gradually reduced iperassociando
the patient against their own recollections, each time focusing on activities aimed respect of mental images or through the adoption of body postures designed to rupture of dissociative barriers.
Keywords: Imaginative Strategies Somatic Interventions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. Boudreau, C. (2008, Mai). L’utilisation de l’EMDR en oncologie [The use of EMDR in oncology]. Présentation à la Conférence EMDR Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Peu importe le type de cancer, cette maladie crée de l’anxiété chez les patients qui en souffrent et provoque une dépression auprès d’un tiers de la clientèle atteinte. La psycho oncologie étudie ces dimensions du cancer à partir des aspects psychologiques, sociaux, comportementaux et éthiques. Le cancer devient alors une maladie du corps et de l’esprit.
No matter which type of cancer, this illness creates anxiety in and may provoke those that suffer from it. Depression in a third of cancer patients. Psycho-oncology studies these dimensions of cancer by focusing on
psychological, social, behavioral and ethical aspects. Cancer therefore becomes an illness of body and mind/soul. This workshop aims to educate EMDR therapists to the traumas brought up by the diagnosis of cancer and its treatments with application to chronic illness in general. As cancer incidence increases yearly, more and more people and their close ones will be affected by this illness. Knowledge about those aspects
related to psycho-oncology then becomes important for clinicians who will be increasingly involved in such clinical situations.
Keywords: Cancer Chronic Illness Oncology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Engelhard, I. M. (2012, June). Making science work in mental health care. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3(Special Section), 1-7. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.18740.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
There is increasing attention for embedding research in mental healthcare. This involves a linkage between
scientific research and routine practice, where research is fed by questions from practice and scientific insights
are implemented better and faster in clinical practice. This paper illustrates bridging the gap, by focusing on
eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), and provides arguments why it is relevant to
connect research and practice. It also discusses why experimental psychopathology may have a substantial
contribution.
Keywords: Experimental Psychopathology Inaugural Lecture Practice Science
Accuracy Verified: Yes
60. Egli-Bernd, H. (2009, October). MDR bei dissoziativen prozessen im rahmen von persönlichkeitsstörungen ; Zur Bedeutung der kognitionen im EMDR-prozess, Das „Dialog-Protokoll“ [EMDR in dissociative processes within the framework of Personality Disorders; On the importance of cognitions in EMDR process, The "dialogue protocol"] . EMDR Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 19, 20-34.
Language: German
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Spezifische Schwierigkeiten bei einer Gruppe von KlientInnen mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen bei der Wahl adäquater Kognitionen erfordern eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit der psychodynamischen Bedeutung der Kognitionen im EMDR-Protokoll. Die biographische Gemeinsamkeit dieser Patientengruppe ist der emotional-narzisstische Missbrauch in der Kindheit sowie Vernachlässigung durch primäre Bindungs- und Beziehungspersonen. Diese Lebenserfahrungen haben zur Folge, dass durch eine subtile Dissoziation (kindliche) Selbstteile entstehen, die emotional und kognitiv auf dasjenige Selbstbild fixiert sind, welches von den Bindungs- und Beziehungspartnern definiert und vom Kind verinnerlicht wurde. Das Ziel der Bearbeitung mit der EMDR-Methode ist in diesen Fällen nicht primär das anvisierte Ereignis, sondern dessen komplexe emotionale und kognitive Bedeutung für die Selbstwahrnehmung und -bewertung.
Im vorliegenden Artikel wird vorgeschlagen, bei der EMDR-Bearbeitung dieser spezifischen Foki während der Bewertungsphase 3 sich der subtilen dissoziativen Struktur bewusst zu sein und sich ihrer, falls nötig, explizit zu bedienen. Dies geschieht durch die Fokussierung auf die gleichzeitige „Aktivierung“ zweier neuronaler Netzwerke (Selbstteile,) nämlich des „betroffenen (kindlichen) Selbst“ (Traumanetzwerk) und des erwachsenen „Gegenwarts-Selbst“ (Alltagsnetzwerk). Die Formulierung des schlimmsten Momentes (Bild), der Negativen Kognition sowie Affekt und Körperlokalisierung obliegen dem „betroffenen Selbst“, welches das zu bearbeitende verzerrte Selbstbild verinnerlicht hat. Die Positive Kognition hingegen soll vom „Gegenwarts-Selbst“ als eine dialogische, alternative Sichtweise aus der Gegenwartsperspektive formuliert und in den EMDR Prozess als direkte Anrede in der 2.Person Einzahl eingebracht werde n („du bist…“ etc.)
Specific difficulties in a group of clients with personality disorders in the choice of adequate cognition require a theoretical discussion of the psychodynamic significance of cognitions in EMDR protocol. The biography of this common group of patients is the emotional and narcissistic childhood abuse and neglect through primary attachment and relationship people. These life experiences have the effect that, due to a subtle dissociation (childish) Auto Parts, which are fixed to that of emotional and cognitive self-image, which was defined by the attachment and relationship partners and internalized by the child. The goal of treatment with the EMDR method in these cases is not primarily the targeted event, but the complex emotional and cognitive meaning for the self-perception and assessment.
In this article it is proposed to be in the EMDR treatment of these specific foci during the evaluation phase 3 is aware of the subtle dissociative structure of her, if necessary, to use explicitly. This is done by focusing on the simultaneous "activation" of two neural networks (auto parts,) namely, the "concerned (children's) self" (Trauma Network) and the adult "present-self '(everyday network). The wording of the worst moment (picture), the negative cognition and affect and body localization is responsible for the "self-interested", which has internalized the distorted self-image to be processed. The positive cognition on the other hand will be the "present-self," formulated as a dialogical, alternative view from the present perspective, and placed in the EMDR process as a direct address to the 2nd person singular ("you are ..." etc.).
Keywords: Cognitions Dialogue Protcol Dissociation Personality Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. Warrick, C. (1997, December 29). Mending the pain. Cincinnati, OH: The Cincinnati Post, Final, Living, 1B, 5B.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
EMDR is not new. But to those who know little
about the decade of research and clinical experience behind it, the treatment probably sounds like a gimmick. That may be because it employs rapidly movlng lights or alternating tones which the client follows while focusing on a difficult memory.
Keywords: Barbara Hensley Cincinnati General Irene Giessl Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. Greene, J. (2010, September/October). Mindfulness and EMDR: Strengthening key skills in preparation phase. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Clinicians will learn the synergy of Mindfulness and EMDR, focusing on key skills developed in the Preparation Phase. The workshop reviews mindfulness basic principles, their relationship with EMDR and the AIP Model, and outcome research relating mindfulness with neuroplasticity. The session also explores Mindfulness strategies for strengthening observer capacity (dual attention), affect tolerance, somatic, and sensory awareness, including techniques useful for both rigid/conceptualizing clients and chaotic/overemotional clients. Finally the workshop addresses options for integrating Mindfulness with Resource Development Installation (RDI). The presentation includes lecture, slides, client case examples, and guided experiential Mindfulness exerices.
Keywords: Mindfulness: Preparation Phase
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Mindfulness meditation to enable attenuation on imagined exposure in PTSD - A single case study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Mindfulness mediation (based on Buddhist meditative techniques) has previously been advocated for depression relapse prevention and chronic pain reduction in former research trials (Teasdale; Kabat-zinn, etc.). Because the practice of mindfulness relates to body scans and focusing attention upon the body, it has been advised that it may cause problems in using such a method for sexual abuse and rape survivors, although no research appears to have been carried out in this area. In a single case study of child-sexual-abuse adult survivor who frequently dissociated and experienced “flashbacks” during clinical sessions, the methods of Mindfulness Mediation were introduced to her, in an attempt to keep an awareness of her surroundings whilst doing imagined exposure in for PDSD (post duress stress disorder). From dissociative phases, flashbacks and cognitive avoidance of stimuli, the client became able to focus on the traumatic information being presented and to emotionally relate and process trauma memories, which previously she had been unable to do. Her ability to attenuate upon traumatic information was increased, habituation was easier from a clinical perspective, her anxiety levels decreased (BAI) and her depression levels eased (BDI). (N.B. The client’s improved anxiety and depression scores may have been due to Mindfulness Mediation practices or to the processing of highly emotive information).
Conclusion: Mindfulness Meditation can be a useful adjunct to trauma processing when imagined exposure is being implemented for PTSD/PDSD for processing of un-integrated traumatic information, where dissociation, cognitive avoidance or flashbacks occur within the context of treatment, creating a barrier to habituation from traumatic information. [Two statistical charts which accompanied this abstract in the Conference Program entry have not been included here.]
Keywords: Attenuation Case Study Imagined Exposure Mindfulness Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
64. Manfield, P. (1995, June). Narcissistic disorders: Using EMDR with these difficult clients. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Definition of client population:
Disorder of the self. The narcissistic character is often identified by his or her grandiose facade concealing an underlying sense of
emptiness and worthlessness. To experience the underlying emptiness is so painful for them that these people cut off their inner
experience and rely instead on external admiration and praise to support their grandiose or superior view of themselves; their
condition is often referred to as a "disorder of the self." Because of their dependence on others for their sense of themselves, they are
exquisitely sensitive to criticism or disapproval, often warding off deflation by becoming increasingly grandiose, superior, disdainful
or demeaning. Many conceal their grandiosity, maintaining a secret sense of superiority which may be based upon their
perfectionism or their quiet devaluing of others.
View of others: there is a range of severity of the narcissistic character from personality disorders to a narcissistic character style.
People with personality disorders, are unable to form a trusting bond with another person; they view people primarily as
interchangeable, performing a function which could equally be performed by many others. Less impaired narcissistic characters,
however, are able to form varying degrees of attachments to other people, although their ability to trust and care about other people
is limited. Most commonly they relate to people they can idealize or be admired by. People tend to be seen in extremes as either
superior and powerful or inferior and worthless; supportive and admiring or critical and attacking.
Difficulties in using EMDR:
Clinically these clients represent a difficult and often frustrating population to treat; they are brittle and easily injured if they to not
feel perfectly understood by their therapists, and they will distance at the slightest hint that they are being judged or used. They
resist focusing inward and defining their problems as arising within themselves, and find it difficult to sustain any genuine affect,
other than perhaps rage. If they feel understood and accepted, however, they will eventually talk about their sense of emptiness and
worthlessness and their confusion about who they are and what is truly meaningful and valuable to them.
Beck, Young and others have described factors that make it difficult to treat any personality disorder using a cognitive behavioral
approach. There have in fact been very few reported "successes" in the literature. Most of the difficulties are related to the self and
object splitting characteristic of these clients. These clients have limited access to feelings, limited access to spontaneous thoughts,
body sensations, memories, etc., and vague unfocussed presenting problems making targeting difficult. They usually have difficulty
with emotional and often intellectual continuity from session to session; they will rarely keep a log or follow through with
homework; transference issues often come into central focus and must be addressed before other targets; and their selfdefeating
beliefs and behavior patterns are extremely deeply held, pervasive and resistant to change.
In addition to varying degrees of these difficulties, narcissistic clients present all of the problems in EMDR that they do in more
traditional therapies; including their tendencies to act out, deny, and avoid. These and other defenses interfere with completion of
segments of therapeutic work and make it difficult for the clinician to keep work focused within one neural network. Self and object
splitting leads to continuity problems within or between sessions and a difficulty maintaining clarity about the reason for being in
treatment. The client may feel suicidal one week and declare himself or herself to be fully recovered the next. Perhaps the most
confirming aspect of the treatment of these clients, however, is their emotionally impoverished pasts; they have very limited
experience of nurturing, loving and caring to draw !?om in order to interweave new meanings and perspectives into traumatic or
painful past experiences.
Length of treatment:
I have found that I have been able to achieve good results with higher level narcissistic clients with whom I have had an established
relationship at the time I introduced EMDR into the treatment. My results with clients who have come to therapy asking specifically
for EMDR and with whom I have begun using EMDR soon after the beginning of treatment have been generally poorer, varying
with the severity of the client's disorder, the less severe doing best. The client needs to be able to establish a meaningful trusting
relationship with the therapist; the more severe the client's difficulties with attachment, the more time this process requires.
Narcissistic clients do not tend to see their difficulty with vulnerability, trust and intimacy as a problem within themselves. If they
are able to recognize personal problems, they are usually in the area of self esteem and obstacles to achievement. When they are
able to resolve some of these latter problems fairly rapidly through treatment they tend to terminate, no longer seeing a sufficient
purpose for treatment. In a sense, they can become better narcissists; their grandiose view of themselves is enhanced and they are
reinforced in their use of self-sufficiency as a defense against interpersonal vulnerability. I view the relative efficiency of EMDR as
a problem for deeper treatment of narcissistic clients because there is less time for the therapeutic relationship to develop and
consequently a limited opportunity to impact the client's object splitting. I believe that this is why I have found EMDR with
narcissistic clients to be most effective when it is introduced after a therapeutic relationship has had time to develop. Negative cognitions:
The early maladaptive schemas of narcissistic clients are pervasive in their lives and point to a plethora of negative cognitions.
Typical early schemas are: I must control myself (or my feelings, my behavior, my body) at all times; no one cares; my needs will
never be met; I can't trust anyone; I am deeply flawed and unlovable; I am dikeable, unattractive to others; I will always fail; my
flaws are totally unacceptable to others; I must be perfect or I am worthless; I deserve to be treated more specially than others; I must
please others to avoid attack; I'm alone; nobody understands me; I am OK if I am better than others; I am OK only if others admire
me. It is often helpful to narrow these cognitions down to make them manageable with EMDR
Treatment:
In addition to the recommended protocol of establishing a safe space to which the client can retreat if necessary, before doing an
EMDR session with one of these clients, the therapist should identify as many of the client's emotional resources possible, in
particular expriences if any of having felt loved and accepted ad examples of loving people or relationships the client has observed
Among other things, these facilitate more effective copitive interweaves.
The initial task in doing an EMDR session with this client population is to establish an appropriate and richly defined target. Since
it is more difficult for these clients to access meanm&l memories in an emotionally alive way, the therapist must be more active in
helping the client stimulate the associated neural netork as I l l y as possible. In addition to the client's reaction to the plight of
children he may be related to or observe (Level I1 training), a rich source of emotional responsiveness and resources is the client's
own response to situations he has witnessed in news media, TV, movies or theater.
A major challenge in addressing a narcissistic character type using EMDR is tracking the course of the session with these clients
and identifying when they drip out of the targeted neural network. This process can be subtle because it requires an ability to
differentiate true avoidance hm spontaneous associations which may appear at hat to be irrelevant; it requires a familiarity with
and sensitivity to the protective or defensive mechanisms they use to insulate themselves fiom painful memories and affect. As the
patterns ofmovement in and out of the targeted network are identified it is important to use interventions that are experienced by the
client as supportive but nevertheless make hun or her aware of having wandered.
Although the narcissistic client may initiate treatment with the stated goal of improving his performance in specified areas, he will
agree upon reflection that the real problem is that he feels an overriding need to perform in order to feel worthwhile. Since he has
never known any other way of dealing with his self-worth, he will be skeptical about whether it is possible to feel a sense of worth
that is not based upon performance, and it is easy for the therapist to lose perspective and join him in that beliet especially while
doing EMDR with its potential for reprocessing with extraordinary precision specific obstacles to performance. The therapist must,
however, retain her healthy perspective if the client is to learn to accept himself.
For more clinical information about treating disorders of the self:
1.)Beck, Aaron T., et al, Cognitive Therapy Of Personality Disorder Guilford Press, New York,
N. Y., 1990
2.)Manfield, Philip, Split Self/Split Object: Understanding And Treating Borderline, Narcissistic And Schizoid Disorders, Jason Aronson Publishers, Northvale, N.J., 1992.
3.)Young, Jeffrey, E, Cognitive Therapy For Personality Disorders: A Schema-Focused Approach,
Professional Resource Exchange, Inc., Sarasota, Florida, 1990.
Keywords: Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Barron, C. (2004, February 11). Navy doctor wants new treatment for war-related stress disorders. The Sun, Bremerton, Wash., State and Regional edition.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
The treatment, performed by Russell, is known as EMDR, or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
The Marine, in a dozen or more 15-second sessions, discussed feelings and emotions associated with the traumatic event while focusing on a left-to-right movement - following a finger, a light or an auditory signal.
Keywords: Mark Russell Navy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. Fernandez, I., & Solomon, R. M. (2001, October). Neurophysiological components of EMDR treatment. In International CIANS Conference (CIANS: Collegium Internationale Activitatis Nervosae Superioris; International Association for Integrative Nervous Functions, Neurobiology of behaviour and Psychosomatics), (pp 137-140) Palermo, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The research on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has had a significant development in the last 10 years. The EMDR consists on a dual focalization activity (the use o eye movements or other forms of left/right rhythmical stimulation, while focusing on personal disturbing material). Many hypotheses have been made on how EMDR works and why the clinical results are so significant. One of the most possible reasons may regard the fact that there seems to be an innate information processing system that is physiologically configured to facilitate mental health in much the same way the rest of the body is designed to heal itself when injured (Shapiro, 1995). When operating appropriately, this system takes the perceptual and emotional information from a traumatic event to an adaptive resolution - useful information is stored with appropriate affect and is available for future use. The physiological and emotional arousal stemming from a traumatic event may disrupt the information processing mechanism. The blocked processing prevents the traumatic information from progressing through the normal steps of adaptive integration. The physiological stimulation appears to activate the innate information processing systems and may be linked to the mechanisms inherent in memory storage. EMDR apparently intervenes in brain functions, especially in the limbic system and amygdale, which have been already identified as actively involved in traumatic experiences.
Keywords: Information Processing System Neurophysiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Shultz, M. (2007, April 24). New therapy helps families heal. Cleburne, TX: Cleburne Times-Review.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
EMDR involves having a client think about either positive or negative thoughts while focusing on the therapist’s hands. While the client recalls a memory, the therapist either makes passes in front of the client’s eyes or taps on alternating knees. Noles said these passes force the client to use both sides of the brain.
Keywords: Cleburne, TX General Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Thomson, S. S. (1995). On circumcision, other childhood medical procedures and EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(2), 8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
I was using eye movements with a 47-year-
old client, Jay (pseudonym), focusing on an unnecessary tonsillectomy when he was about 9 years old. These operations were done on both his older brother and himself-just because this was what was done in those days. He described seeing his
brother being wheeled, semi-conscious, out of the operating room with blood coming out of his mouth. He thought to himself, "Well, he's not dead . . . (is he?)." He was then dragged kicking and screaming to the operating
room. His parents did not visit
him for the 3 days he he had been promised some. As we was in the hospital. He got no ice cream, though were finishing the EMDR processing
of this set of incidents, I asked him if he had been circumcised. (I had been meaning to ask about this since he was
intensively processing a list of traumas in a short period of time before leaving the state for a new job. I chose this moment "out of the clear blue sky.") He said, "Well, it's funny you ask this because for the last ten minutes I have been feeling a sharp pain all around. . . there" (the head of his penis). As he moved his eyes, focusing on the sharp pain, it got increasingly dull until it went away. (Incidentally, processing this pain may have elicited, or made him feel safe enough to realize, another related fact-his attitude toward his body.)
Keywords: Children Circumsion Medical Procedures
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Hekmat, H., Groth, S., & Rogers, D. (1994, June). Pain ameliorating effect of eye movement desensitization. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(2), 121-129. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90004-3.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Explored the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) without music vs eye movement desensitization with music (EMDM) in the management of acute pain induced by hand exposures to ice water. 30 Ss were randomly assigned to EMDR, EMDM, or control. The EMDR Ss focused on negative experiences associated with exposure to ice water, generated positive self-talk, and diverted their attention away from pain by focusing on a rapidly moving light on a monitor. The EMDM group received eye movement desensitization coupled with preferred music. Measures of hypnotic susceptibility, mood states, pain, and treatment credibility were obtained. Repeated measures univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. Both procedures alleviated participants' pain to a similar degree and significantly more than the control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Acute Pain College Students Empirical Study Pain Music
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. Daniel, J. (2000). Play therapy and EMDR. The Children’s Group Association Newsletter. Retrieved from http://www.cgta.net/newsletters/play_therapy.html November 16, 2011.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Children vary greatly in their ability to tolerate focusing on “the problem.” The wise EMDR therapist has various ways of approaching a traumatic memory or a current day problem to fit the tolerance level of the client. EMDR and the process of bilateral stimulation to address problematic material is one method of speeding up therapeutic work with children. However, when using bilateral stimulation with children I am simultaneously using my training as a family systems therapist, and the various play therapy strategies that were the backbone of my work with children before I learned EMDR or other alternative therapies. In a way, EMDR and the sand tray saved my professional life. In my first year of practice after my family therapy post-graduate training, I got a job at a family therapy clinic in Louisville, Kentucky. I was assigned to handle all referrals that came to the agency through a Victim Assistance grant. All of these were cases in which a child had been victim of some crime, and the majority were victims of abuse from some one other than a family member. You can imagine the population. Families who had found that a neighbor or teacher had abused their child were common. Both child and family were traumatized. My family therapy skills were good. But in addition to them I needed two things: a better way for children to communicate their feelings and a way to help both adults and children reduce the intensity of emotions around the trauma they had been through. Just (Continued from page 1) when I was beginning to feel that I was not up to the job, I learned EMDR. With this wonderful knowledge, I found I could help both children and adults move beyond the trauma and regain their grasp on the present moment, their strengths and their security. A deepening understanding of play therapy provided the additional communication tools I needed. Since Then I have never looked back, and find that our field is continually generating new perspectives and more efficient tools for us to use.
Keywords: Children Play Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Guettler, K. (2004, June). A preverbal trauma mastered by dynamic psycho-therapy and EMDR. In psychodynamics and EMDR (B. Lilieblad, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A special variety of dynamic therapy is presented which was successfully
combined with EMDR. A new diagnostic category is tentatively proposed.
A man in his twenties, successful in studies and in political and welfare
organizations, managed his life by intellectual consideration but with hardly any
emotional assessment being at a loss when confronted with demands for a personal
stand.
He disliked his lack of integrity and indecision which he liberated himself
from during the initial three years of therapy in so far as friends and societies were
concerned. However, all his intimate relations kept breaking up. He could not account
for why and in this context he appeared to be alexithym.
When the partner left him it was a total surprise to him, he got very upset in a
diffuse way and quite bewildered. At some occasions he got regressive spells of
yelling, crying and struggling. They seemed to be flashbacks and not a hysterical
acting out.
As a trauma might be an etiological factor I proposed EMDR and he accepted
to try it. During four EMDR-sessions memories with intense emotional involvement
appeared. Altogether the material made me venture a construction of him as a baby
yelling and kicking in desperate need for a mother who kept being absent. Shortly
afterwards he entered a relation that was satisfying to both him and his partner. The
therapy was terminated. In a follow up two years later the relation was still good and
he told me that the construction had made him grasp his life-history.
A prerequisite for the EMDR-sessions and their effect was the three years of
psychotherapy with the focusing of his central problem, but the liberation from this
problem could not have been reached without EMDR -at least not in such a short
time.
Keywords: Preverbal Trauma Primary Repression Repetition-Compulsion Symposium Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Lipke, H., & Glang, C. (2000, December). Psychological approach to Albanian Kosovar refugees with considerations for brief post-crisis services in general. Traumatology, 6(4), 295-305. doi:10.1177/153476560000600404.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article focuses on an interesting experience in working with Albanian Kosovar refugees last year in a refugee camp in Hemer, Germany. The authors, though highly trained and proficient traumatologists, worked with a large number of clients for a brief amount of time who had to rely on poorly trained interpreters who were themselves refugees in need of traumatology services (and eventually received it). They describe how Western educated practitioners were forced to adopt their methods of treatment ("standard EMDR model") to fit the requirements of the context. Among other things, they had to represent their work as educational ("information focus groups") and not "treatment" (due to the stigma), skip the time-consuming activities of assessment and rapport building, and accepted the direction of the camp psychologists as to who should or should not receive assistance. The bulk of their report focuses on the their information focus: the focus group content. They most often utilized a solution-focused approach (using eye movements to reinforce positive self-referencing statements) when working with individuals, although EMDR was used successfully with the few who requested it. The latter portion of the report includes three case studies. The authors concluded what worked best is a combination of group and individual work that relied on psychoeducation, accessing positive as well as negative material, and not initially focusing on the trauma. This information should be useful to any practitioner who must overcome similar challenges. [Adapted from Introduction] [Pilots]
Keywords: Interpreters Kosovars Psychotherapeutic Processes Refugees Victim Services
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Laub, B. (2006, August). Resource connection (RC) protocol (group and individual). Author.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Compact Focusing (on the sensual, emotional, cognitive and somatic aspects)
The client is asked to close her eyes , focus on one picture of the positive memory and enter it anew. While tapping the therapist says: “Take all the time necessary to relive it… with all your senses...notice what you hear, smell and see...allow your feelings, sensations and thoughts to emerge...breathe into it...let yourself be there for a few moments.“ The therapist gives short tapping (up to 14 taps) The therapist inquires about the feelings, thoughts, and sensations and writes them down. ((If the partially positive past resource includes negative elements, suggest focusing on the positive aspects. If the client doesn’t succeed she should find another positive memory).
Proceed until there is no change. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Resource Connection Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. Schmidt, S. J. (1999, March). Resource-focused EMDR: Integration of ego state therapy, alternating bilateral stimulation, and art therapy. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(1), 8, 10-13, 25-28.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
I conceptualize EMDR as the process of linking the trauma from one part of the brain to a solution in
another part of the brain, to reach an adaptive resolution. The standard EMDR protocol proposes
accomplishing this by focusing heavily on the trauma. Most of my clients are adult survivors of
childhood trauma and their tolerance of a trauma-focused protocol is often low. I wondered if the
same adaptive resolution could be accomplished by focusing primarily on the part of the brain
holding the solution rather than the trauma. I recently began developing a resource-focused
protocol, which borrows from Sandra Paulsen’s (1994, 1995, & 1996) suggestions for integrating
EMDR with ego state therapy, and Andrew Leeds’ (1997) protocol for resource development and
resource installation (RD/RI). This new protocol puts significant emphasis on developing and
strengthening the felt sense of well-being connected to resource ego states before EMDR processing,
and maintenance of the sense of well-being during EMDR processing. It involves using the clients’
drawings of resource ego states and traumatized ego states (drawn with the dominant and nondominant
hand) as anchors for ego state processing, and as the focal points in eye movements (EMs).
In this protocol, traumatic material is elicited only when sufficient internal resources, represented by
drawings, are displayed in front of the client. The intention of this approach is to minimize risk of
affect overwhelm and maximize the probability that the part of the brain holding the trauma will link
to the part of the brain holding the solution.
In my experience the resource-focused protocol
Keywords: Art Therapy Bilateral Stimulation BLS Ego State Therapy Resource-Focused EMDR
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Giovannozzi, G. (2013, June). Safety, regulation, self-regulation and eye contact: New challenges for EMDR therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Porges’ polivagal theory of the hierarchical interpretation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), in addition to extending the range of human beings’ possible responses to environmental demands, links the first line ventral-vagal response with the regulation of important viscera as well as that of facial and head muscles, mediating social interactions, and associates its activation with the feeling of safety, identifying this latter condition as essential for a person’s well-being.
Without safety no social relations, physiological regulation or healing are possible. Hence the importance for EMDR therapists to lead their clients to this condition: lacking the activation of the ventral-vagal circuit there can be no processing. EMDR therapists will be provided with tools to keep their clients in safe conditions within the setting.
Clients exposed to trauma and/or insecure attachment do not have a good ANS regulation and maintain inadequate defensive attitudes – as demonstrated by Porges’ results, easily comparable with Schore’s on affective development and with those of several multi-disciplinary scholars.
Exploring this dysfunction provides EMDR therapists with useful elements to guide their clients in the difficult task of confronting what they did not/could not process at that time. We propose a three-pronged cross-sectional assessment, regardless of the pathology, aimed at identifying the defensive arousal state of the ANS needed to face the dysregulating impact at that time, focusing on the prevalent activation style of the client, when meeting environmental challenges, and that emerging in the session. Starting from this assessment, EMDR therapists will be provided with tools to help clients recognize and master their defenses to increase their flexibility.
Using the regulation as a healing instrument and goal, and given the two-directional psychophysiological approach, where psychological and physiological processes meet, a new intervention model, stemming from the AIP-EMDR approach, is proposed, acting directly on the missing or impaired developmental stages of the self-regulation ability, consistently with what Porges hoped for.
The intervention focuses on Eye Contact (EC), because, as confirmed by several scholars, this is a privileged communication pathway, in particular in the mother-child dyad, to learn self-regulating skills and is easily impaired in psychiatric clients.
Learning objectives:
Raise EMDR therapists’ awareness of the importance of safety for their clients, based on Porges’ Polyvagal Theory;
Provide therapists with tools to maintain clients’ safety during the session;
Help EMDR therapist to recognize and modulate clients’ Autonomic Nervous System activation; and
Present an EMDR Protocol to regulate Eye Contact
Keywords: Eye Contact Protocol Regulation Safety
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Lilienfeld, S. (2012). Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology. New York: Guilford Publications .
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book offers a rigorous examination of a variety of therapeutic, assessment, and diagnostic techniques in clinical psychology, focusing on practices that are popular and influential but lack a solid grounding in empirical research. Featuring chapters from leading clinical researchers, the text helps professionals and students evaluate the merits of novel and controversial techniques and differentiate between those that can stand up to scientific scrutiny and those that cannot. Reviewed are widely used therapies for alcoholism, infantile autism, and ADHD; the use of EMDR in the treatment of.
Keywords: Pseudoscience Skeptics
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Rogers, S., Silver, S. M., Goss, J., Obenchain, J., Willis, A., & Whitney, R. L. (1999, January-April). A single session, group study of exposure and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in treating posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam War veterans: Preliminary data. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 119-130. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00043-7.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This report summarizes data gathered thus far from an ongoing study. Two groups (total N = 12) of Vietnam War veterans diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) received a single session of exposure or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) focusing on the veterans’ most distressing war experience. Group assignment was random, treatment providers were blind to assessment data, and the pre- and posttreatment assessor was blind to treatment assignment. Both groups showed improvement on the Impact of Event Scale. EMDR treatment resulted in greater positive changes in within-session Subjective Units of Discomfort levels and on self-monitored severity of intrusive recollection. A trend toward decreased heart rate reactivity was observed in both groups. Results must be considered carefully due to the small number of subjects used in the study. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Americans Empirical Study Exposure Therapy Middle Aged Posttrraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. van der Weele, J., & With, A. (2007, June). Stabilization groups with ethnic minority women after domestic violence: Presentation of a model based on structural theory of dissociation, EMDR, intercultural comunication and expressive artwork. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Alternative to violence has developed a group treatment model structured by the theory of structural dissociation and EMDR trauma treatment theory. Woman with ethnic minority background received short terms group treatment at a shelter for victims of domestic violence at an outpatient clinic and at a domestic violence family treatment center. The groups were supplements to individual therapy/counseling. We have had 10 groups; one with only Pakistani women, several mixed ethnic minority cultural groups with translation and groups in “simple Norwegian.” Recruitment was enhanced by the policy of sharing of symptoms and problems today with no obligation to share about personal past. The model has low drop out rate and therapist working with the individuals report more effective treatment sessions. For some women the group becomes the preferred choice of treatment. We discovered that early phase trauma work can be done in a group format with severely and recently traumatized women. Methods used are resource installation and safe place work, increase awareness of negative/positive cognitions, butterfly hug, nightmare protocol, expressive art therapy techniques as grounding, breathing techniques working with personal borders, working with imagination and playfulness. Structural therapy of dissociation concepts as ANP/EP structures and mental capacity, working from here and now, focusing on the ANP above EP's are woven into how the therapists regulate the group process and plan content. The theory organizes how we handle flashbacks, current acute crisis and how we focus on the womens’ personal trauma. We also teach about the effect of violence in relationships, the need to work on personal safety and the needs of children in the aftermath of violence. Theory from the field of intercultural communication gave us guidelines in working with women from high context, indirect and collectivistic cultures. A workbook for the clients on violence, PTSD symptoms and stabilisation treatment has been developed in the aftermath of these groups and is translated into several languages. We will present the material at the conference in the structure of the early fase trauma treatment group format. Showing in vivo how we apply the theory to severely traumatized women. We will share some of our favorite group exercises, metaphors and group rituals. Our goal is: 1. to show how the theory of structural dissociation serves as guideline for organizing and resulting treatment with severely traumatized clients in groups. 2. Give insight into typical adjustments that have been made to tailor treatment to ethnic minority populations. 3. Explain how expressive art work needs to make adjustments to the population of severely traumatized women. 4. Finally show how the group uses elements from EMDR and enhances individual EMDR work. In our experience, the stabilisation groups have integrated the heart, mind and body in the work of healing with a population that is often found difficult to treat effectively. We hare started to retain other therapists in using the model and are in the process of applying for a research grant.
Keywords: Artwork Domestic Violence Dissociation Ethnic Intercultural Communication Minority Stabilization Women
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. Lo Iacono, S. (2008, Novembre). Stato di coscienza e paradigma: Un confronto tra 2 descrizioni sistemiche dei processi di cambiamento osservati in una psicoterapia integrate con EMDR [State of consciousness and paradigm: A comparison between 2 descriptions - Systemic change processes observed in psychotherapy integrated with EMDR]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In questa presentazione la psicoterapia integrata con EMDR viene definita sulla base delle due tecniche principali di questa metodologia clinica:
1. le attivit� di Focalizzazioni Mentali Multiple su immagini, cognizioni e sensazioni corporee e sul qui ed ora della relazione terapeutica
pi�.
2. la Stimolazione Bilaterale Alternata su un canale sensoriale.
Vengono, quindi, confrontate due differenti descrizioni sintetiche, Paradigma e Stato di Coscienza, dei processi di cambiamento osservati nel paziente in una psicoterapia con EMDR. La descrizione sintetica come cambiamento di Paradigma viene effettuata in stretto parallelo con le definizioni originali di Paradigma date dallo stesso Kuhn.
La seconda descrizione sintetica degli stessi processi di cambiamento viene effettuata dopo aver definito un modello di Stato di Coscienza come prodotto di tre fattori: stato fisico chimico dell'organismo, stato mentale dell'organismo e condizioni fisiche e sociali dell'ambiente. Nelle conclusioni si evidenzia come la descrizione sintetica di Salto di Paradigma possa render conto solo dei cambiamenti di ambito cognitivo mentre restano escluse da questa descrizione i cambiamenti inerenti le emozioni e le sensazioni corporee che si osservano in una psicoterapia integrata con EMDR.
La descrizione sintetica come cambiamento dello Stato di Coscienza potrebbe, invece, essere utile a comprender meglio i modi in cui il cambiamento � indotto ed a distinguere il ruolo delle attivit� di Focalizzazioni Mentali Multiple da quello della Stimolazione Bilaterale Alternata e quindi a riflettere e ad intervenire, sia in contesti clinici che di ricerca, sulle due tecniche prevalenti della psicoterapia con EMDR.
In this presentation, the integrated psychotherapy with EMDR is defined on the basis of two Main technical methodology of this trial: 1. Multiple Mental activities focusing on images, cognitions and bodily sensations and on the here and now of the therapeutic relationship more. 2. Alternating Bilateral Stimulation on a sensory channel. Are then compared two different brief descriptions, model and state of consciousness, processes of change observed in the patient in psychotherapy with EMDR. Description summarized as a change of paradigm is carried out in close parallel with the definitions original paradigm given by Kuhn. The second summary description of these processes of change is made after a model for state of consciousness as the product of three factors: state
physical chemist body, mental body and physical and social environment. In conclusions noted as a concise description of paradigm shifts can realize only of changes in the cognitive field and are excluded from this description the Changes related emotions and bodily sensations that are observed in psychotherapy integrated with EMDR. The outline as a change of consciousness, but it could be useful to understand better the ways in which change is induced and to distinguish the role of activities Focus from that of the Multiple Mental Stimulation alternative two and then
reflect and act, whether in clinical research, the two prevailing techniques psychotherapy with EMDR.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Parnell, L. (2011). Transformation through the power of EMDR advanced clinical applications. Shreveport, LA: Summit Interactive.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
In this complete two-day lecture/workshop, Dr. Parnell reviews the basics of EMDR, first focusing on client preparartion and assessment, and then teaches ways in which EMDR can be modified to be used successfully with a range of different clients--From container
Keywords: Container
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Queiroz, L. (2007, Novembro). Transtorno de ansiedade manifestado com diarréia, náuseas e distensão abdominal tratado com EMDR. Relato de caso. Estratégias de tratamento [Anxiety disorder manifested diarrhea, nausea and abdominal distension treated with EMDR. A case report. Treatment Strategies]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivos de aprendizagem:
• Utilizar um protocolo centrado no sintoma.
Partindo da crise somática ou do sintoma, para
alcançar questões mais nucleares e primitivas.
• Aprender a utilizar o EMDR como método de
conscientização da natureza psico-emocional
da doença.
• Identificar possíveis crenças limitantes ou
questões sistêmicas que bloqueiem a evolução
do processo.
Learning Objectives:
• Using a protocol focusing on the symptom.
Starting from the crisis or somatic symptoms, to
nuclear issues and achieve more primitive.
• Learn to use EMDR as a method of
awareness of the nature of psycho-emotional
the disease.
• Identify potential limiting beliefs or
systemic issues that block progress
the process.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorder Symptoms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. Ford, J. D., Chapman, J. F., Hawke, J., & Albert, D. (2007, June). Trauma among youth in the juvenile justice system: Critical issues and new directions. Research and Program Brief, National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice, 1-8.
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
Therapy (EMDR), which is a somewhat controversial
technique involving recalling traumatic memories
while focusing on personal strengths and engaging in
distracting behaviors such as lateral eye movements.
EMDR generally is conducted for fewer sessions
than TF-CBT, and has shown preliminary evidence
of efficacy with conduct-disordered boys [38], child
disaster survivors [39], and girls who experienced
sexual abuse [40]. EMDR [41] is generally conducted
as only one part of a multimodal therapy program
rather than a stand-alone treatment.
Keywords: Adolescents Juvenile Justice System Youth
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. Samardzic, D. (2010, August). Trauma and the body: The somatic experience in psychotherapy. John F. Kennedy University, Pleasant Hill, CA.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
According to recent neuroscience research, psychological trauma disrupts homeostasis
and can negatively affect various organs and biological systems (Solomon & Heide,
2005). Somatic therapy addresses the physiological elements of the trauma by focusing
on the body, which, in turn, helps individuals cognitively and emotionally process trauma
(Ogden & Minton, 2000; Levine, 1997). This qualitative study aimed to explore the
experience of 5 participants who underwent ongoing somatic therapy in the treatment of
symptoms associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The results revealed
twelve common essential elements among all the participants that illustrated their
experience prior to and during the somatic therapeutic process. Some of the elements
identified included: presence of severe trauma history of emotional, physical, and/or
sexual abuse; failure to treat PTSD symptoms prior to somatic therapy; manifestation of
PTSD in physical symptoms and/or illness; increasing awareness of body allowed access
to trauma; newfound knowledge and tools gained in helping to manage triggers; and
gaining a sense of physical and psychological freedom. Three additional essential
elements were found that were not shared by all or most of the participants, which included: EMDR as unsuccessful in treating PTSD symptoms; healing through artistic
expression; and ineffectiveness of psychotropic medication in the treatment of PTSD. A
process was identified in which a non-verbal bodily experience became a verbal,
intellectual, or cognitive experience. In addition, seven characteristics were identified
within the transformative process of improving PTSD symptoms occurring during the
somatic therapy. According to the participants’ reports, somatic therapy not only
decreased their PTSD symptoms, but the process had a significant positive impact on the
quality of their lives. This study’s findings highlight the potential of somatic therapy to
help those dealing with the effects of psychological trauma.
Keywords: Body Biological Systems Somatic Therapy Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Cronauer, E., & Leutner, S. (2010, June). The trauma is in the body. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In this workshop the presenters will demonstrate how to
get in touch and work with somatic ego states by simultaneously
activating resourceful ego states in the body Participants will be
informed about the impact trauma has on the body. They will
learn how to apply EMDR combined with Gendlin's Focusing and
Levine’s Somatic Experiencing to the special needs of traumatized
persons in a live demonstration and subsequent exercises. Thus,
getting the means to broaden the windows of tolerance of traumatized
ego states. In this way psychotherapists will be able to
supply their clients with a powerful tool for self-healing.
The relation to EMDR is that our way of working facilitates the
processing of body sensations related to trauma states, even if
preverbal.
Participants will be enabled while applying EMDR to take into
account the need of traumatized clients to be in control by
communicating with resourceful as well as with traumatized
ego states thus facilitating the processing of trauma.
Unique is that you first focus on body sensations on a deep unconscious
level (bottom-up), so you directly access non-verbal
trauma material which will then be processed carefully with
EMDR. Also, the integration of EMDR makes body work more
effective.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
85. Schore, A. (2000, September). Traumatic attachment and the development of the right brain. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) how a history of early abuse and/or neglect induces severe attachment pathology in infants and toddlers; 2) the deleterious effects of early abuse and neglect on the development of right brain coping systems, specifically focusing on the impairment of the maturation of higher right coritcal interconnections into the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympthomedullary axis; and 3) a developmental psychoneurobiological model of dissociation.
Keywords: Attachment Dissociation Right Brain Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
86. Falls, N. (1998). Treating trauma with focusing and EMDR. Presentation at the 10th International Focusing Conference.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Focusing Oriented Psychotherapy is ideally suited for healing the aftermath of childhood trauma. This workshop explains why and offers experiential Focusing exercises suitable for clients who present with trauma. The underlying theory is Gendlin's "blueprint" theory, the view of forward movement of energy and the ability of the body to fill in what was missing in childhood. But Focusing cannot heal all of the effects of trauma. For this, we can integrate EMDR into Focusing Oriented Psychotherapy. EMDR is a new approach to the physical deficits left by trauma. This biological damage, as revealed in recent research, will be explained and EMDR will be introduced.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. Falls, N. (1998). Treating trauma with focusing and EMDR. Presentation at the 10th Annual International Focusing Conference.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
While research is needed to prove what look to be dramatic effects, the attention of medical and psychological science is being captured by approaches which work with the "body,"such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Thought Field Therapy, and Emotional Freedom Techniques™. Focusing has always been a "body-based" therapy and has always, in the experience of we who practice focusing-oriented therapy, produced results much more dramatic than "just talking" therapy. What is the relationship between focusing, EMDR, TFT, and EFT? How are they similar/different? How can knowledge of focusing therapy integrate with and enhance the application of these new "power" therapies? Without claiming to be an expert in the new techniques, Dr. McGuire will demonstrate Focusing Therapy, EMDR, and EFT with audience volunteers and lead a discussion on inter-relationships. Other focusing-oriented therapists who are specialized in one of the power therapies would be welcome to participate. If others have submitted similar proposals, we could combine into a three-hour panel with demonstrations.
Keywords: Focusing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. Armstrong, M. (1998). Treating trauma with focusing and EMDR. The Folio: A Journal for Focusing and Experiential Therapy, 17(1), 23-30.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
"..at least 20% of American women and 5% of American men have experienced some form of sexual abuse in childhood.. without regard to race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status."
(APA Working Group on Investigation of Memories of Childhood Abuse - Final Report, 1996 p.20)
This statement from the American Psychological Association gives a conservative estimate for the prevalence of child sexual abuse in our society. In Canada, the federal government commissioned the 1984 Badgley Report on Sexual Offences Against Children and Youth. It found that as many as one in two females and one in three males under the age of 21 years reported experiencing some sort of unwanted sexual touching by a perpetrator older than themselves. Yet, thirty years ago child abuse was considered rare. Child sexual abuse was thought to be practically non-existent. Child psychiatrists had never heard of it. There was nothing in the academic literature and there were no statistics or studies available about this unacknowledged endemic problem. (Steed, 1994.)
Keywords: Focusing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
89. de Jongh, A. (2006, June). Treatment of anxiety and phobias with EMDR: Rapid conceptualization: Effective procedures and proposals for changes of the protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Fears and phobias associated with EMDR situations where a single event for the well-structured, and short-term treatment is not compelling. Exposure in vivo EMDR'ın cognitive behavioral interventions, such as advantages, the fear-inspiring re-creation of the situation, situation (eg, sexuality, illness or death-related moments, situations) or phobic stimuli (eg, aircraft, mouse, snake) real life should be revived. However, inspiring fear and phobia on the basis of the number of lives to be in that situation, the phobic anxiety reactions to certain situations people may continue to give. Therefore EMDR'la fear and / or while working with phobias, anxiety-fear may danışanalr work preparing for the future status should not be terminated. This adaptive coping mechanisms to obtain, provide relief to improve the mental strategies in the future will need to be placed in a behavioral patterns and behavioral experiments can be done. EMDR'ın with fear and phobia clinical applications focusing on this at the end of the study group participants: 1) consult those who fear, avoidance of situations of mold assessment, 2) in terms of EMDR cases quickly formulated, 3) for those who need counseling EMDR protocol creative format can be adapted, and 4 ) EMDR intervention for their general treatment approach (cognitive-behavioral) to integrate aims to provide skills to develop.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
90. Klaff, F. R. (1995, June). Treatment of children's fears with EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Through case material, the usefullness of EMDR is illustrated for the treatment of children's fears and phobias. The issue of
integrating EMDR treatment with more traditional treatment is also addressed, especially with more complex contextual problems.
Three case histories are presented with emphasis on the most complicated case. Family therapy treatment espouses the notion that
psychopathology in the child results from dysfunctional family functioning, and as such the entire family system has to be treated.
This concept is broadened with the use of EMDR.
The first case illustrates a single trauma event in which a 6 year old boy was bitten by a rottweiler. Presenting symptoms were
nightmares, fear of sleeping alone, poor school performance, persistent thoughts and fear of dogs. The first session of EMDR was
successful in eliminating most of these fears. A second EMDR session focusing on a nightmare was also successful. Two follow
up sessions with the family dealt with other parenting issues and the possibility of attention deficit disorder. The targeted problem
was eliminated via EMDR.
The second case demonstrates a successful one session treatment of an otherwise healthy 6 year old girl who had fears of the dark
and had slept in her parent's bed for years.
In the third case, a complex symptomatology is presented of a nine year old girl (Lily) with a severe, life threatening heart condition
for which she has undergone 4 delicate aortal surgeries since age 2 and is on a medication maintenance regimen. Future surgery is
anticipated during adolescence. Family history is significant for mother's struggle to overcome alcohol addiction, depression and
past abuse. The family has financial pressures. Family system analysis reveals over involvement between mother and daughter,
peripheral father and sibling rivalry (daughter 11). Family treatment involved boundary and limit setting, hierarchical restructuring
and family communication skills. The illness as an organizing factor in the family system was repeatedly addressed.
Interspersed with this treatment approach were EMDR sessions for daughters and mother. Lily had fears of separation fiom mother,
fears of dying, choking, becoming ill, swimming, going to bed, and fears of the devil (as learned in their fundamentalist religion) as
well as several other fears. EMDR sessions targeted these fears, and sometimes several fears were intertwined, such as fear of
sleeping, the devil coming into her room and taking her away to die. Cognitive interweave was used when she appeared stuck.
Through the EMDR treatments, Lily was able to deeply examine her fears, based on the real life uncertainties she faced. Her
progress demonstrated a particularly poignant attempt to make sense of the meaning of life and cope with the threat of death.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. Abruzzese, M. (1995, June). Use of EMDR with disruptive behavior disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Disruptive behavior disorders such as Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Tourette's Disorder, Intermittent Explosive
Disorder and, to a lesser extent, some children with Bipolar Disorder, are among the most difficult conditions for clinicians to treat.
The difliculty is two-fold: Clinicians must find the balance between developing a rapport and working with the disruptive child
while also addressing the concerns of the parents who may be beyond their level of tolerance and looking for prompt improvement
and frequently the child's very diagnostic condition - disruptiveness - may prevent the child from willingly participating in the
treatment, despite the good rapport that the child and clinician may have.
EMDR is, a technique which has shown great promise in helping children who are 'stuck' break through their own stubbornness and
disruption to help them achieve a sense of self-control, insight and self-confidence. It also provides parents with reason to hope that
a prompt improvement maybe possible.
The essential aspect of successful utilization of EMDR with disruptive disorders resides in the creativity of the clinician and the
modfication of the standard EMDR protocol. Using EMDR with children, especially with young children, requires a nonstandard
administration only loosely based on the standard protocol. Children often won't - or can't - verbalize cognition's or adequately
employ SUDS scales reliably. Disruptive children may have access to their cognitions, but may decline to cooperate with clinicians.
The key in using EMDR with Children - as with many other techniques employed in treating children - is to make -the technique
challenging or fun or maybe a bit mysterious, depending upon the presentation of the child and his or her ability to take some
responsibility for the treatment process. The key with disruptive children is knowing how to combine EMDR usage with
engagement of the difficult child.
This workshop explores the use of such nonstandard EMDR administrations as auditory cueing and hand tapping and will review
how EMDR has been used to engage very difficult children.
The presentation will include both successful and unsuccessful treatment outcome, focusing on the identification of hidden
handicaps which could prevent engagement of a diflicult child and techniques on how to overcome those handicaps to help the child
to help him or herself.
Keywords: Children Disruptive Behavior Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Holstein, B. (2001, June). The use of focusing with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Gene Gendlin, noted Philosopher and Psychologist, did extensive research regarding exactly when deep "change" occurred in clients during therapeutic sessions. Based on the assumption of an integral mind-body connection, he developed specific steps to help the client "listen to and dialogue with" the body, including both the boldily-held trauma, as well as the body without trauma (state of fullest potential). Participants of this workshop will: 1)learn a cognitive understanding of the focusing approach; 2) experience, through exercises, the power of focusing; and 3) learn a practical format of an integration of focusing and EMDR for work with clients.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
93. Rittenhouse, J. (2000, November). Using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to treat complex PTSD in a biracial client. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 6(4), 399-408 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A biracial client's recovery from PTSD through the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is discussed to illustrate the interaction between ethnicity and phenotype as well as diagnosis and treatment considerations. This case explains a woman's experience of discrimination in and out of her home and her vulnerability to complex PTSD, and it documents the importance of the therapy focusing on experiences of discrimination and prejudice as well as abuse. It shows how the client structures her environment in a personally creative fashion to include representative features of various aspects of her identity, by her choice of where and who she teaches as well as how and with whome she spends her free time. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Assault Battery Case Report Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PSTD Cross Cultural Treatment Empirical Study European Americans Females Mexican Americans Persecution Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Rural Populations Self Concept Self Esteem Survivors Teacher
Accuracy Verified: Yes
94. Reubens, P. (2011, November). Using FOT in the treatment of childhood trauma. Presentation at the 2nd World Conference on Focusing Oriented Psychotherapies, Stony Point, New York .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Integrating Focusing-Oriented Therapy with EMDR in the treatment of an adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse. The case description illustrates a natural fit between a felt sense approach and the EMDR protocol.
Keywords: Focusing-Oriented Therapy FOT
Accuracy Verified: Yes
95. Brown, S., Gilman, S., & Popky, A. J. (2009, August). Using the DeTUR™ model and EMDR to treat addictions and impulse control disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Effective treatment of trauma and addiction is a serious clinical challenge. The purpose of this workshop is to educate clinicians about the similarities between chemical and behavioral addictions, the negative consequences of leaving trauma untreated, and the expected benefits of using an integrated model of DeTUR™ (Desensitization of Triggers and Urges; Popky, A.J., 2001) and EMDR for the treatment of addictions. Participants will be able to describe the steps of DeTUR™ through lecture and demonstration. Participants will be shown how DeTUR™ can be integrated into the standard EMDR protocol, focusing on desensitizing triggers and urges, leading to identification of core traumas to be reprocessed.
Keywords: Addictions DeTUR Model Impulse Control Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
96. Gilman, G. (1995). Vision therapy. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(2), 21-23.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Vision therapy is a series of clinical
procedures that improves the quality
of visual skills and vision perception.
It has a long clinical history dating
back tothe previous century. Itbegan
in England and France and was originally
named orthoptics. The name
orthoptics comes from ORTHO meaning
straight and OPTICS meaning
eyes. Many of the original techniques were dehcated to treating those who
had crossed or lazy eyes. In-the past
40 years, optometrists have further
developed vision therapy procedures
for treating vision related learning
problems, particularly those visual
problems that result in poor reading
abihty. Behavioral optometrists use
vision therapy to improve eye movements,
eye coordination, focusing and
vision perception. These are the sensory
motor components of vision.
Keywords: Vision Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
97. Jeffries, F. W., & Davis, P. (2013, October). What is the role of eye movements in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? A review. Behavioral Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41(3), 290-300. doi:10.1017/S1352465812000793.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Controversy continues to exist regarding how EMDR works and whether its mechanisms differ from those at work in standard exposure techniques. Aims: To investigate first whether eye movement bilateral stimulation is an essential component of EMDR and, second, the current status of its theoretical basis. Method: A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted in databases using standard methodology. Results: Clinical research evidence is contradictory as to how essential EMs are in PTSD treatment. More positive support is provided by analogue studies. With regards to potential theoretical support, some evidence was found suggesting bilateral stimulation first increases access to episodic memories; and second that it could act on components of working memory which makes focusing on the traumatic memories less unpleasant and thereby improves access to these memories. Conclusions: The results suggest support for the contention that EMs are essential to this therapy and that a theoretical rationale exists for their use. Choice of EMDR over trauma-focused CBT should therefore remain a matter of patient choice and clinician expertise; it is suggested, however, that EMs may be more effective at reducing distress, and thereby allow other components of treatment to take place.
Keywords: Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
98. Borkin, S. (2001, June). Write now! The integration of writing to enhance and expand the use of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will learn to: 1) assist clients in focusing and clarifying targets and cognitions to differentiate between competency blocks vs. creative process blocks; 2) introduce and integrate "literary interweaves"; 3) instruct clients in the use of recording practices to enhance EMDR session follow-up; and 4) employ the use of writing for self-use of EMDR.
Keywords: Literary Interweaves Writing
Accuracy Verified: Yes