Francine Shapiro Library ~ EMDR Bibliography

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1. 国秋汪永光王义强付素芬曹日芳 [Zhao Guo-Qiu, Wang Yong-Guang, Wang Yi-Qiang, Fu Shu-Fen, & Fang Tsao]. (2008, August). "4•28"胶济铁路交通事故伤员心理危机的干预 [Psychological intervention in the casualties of 4 · 28 train crash on the Jiao-Ji railway line]. 中華急診醫學雜誌 17卷8期 (2008/08), 800-803 [Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine], 17(8), 800-803 .

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
目的　分析淄博铁路交通事故伤员心理行为反应特点以寻找救治交通事故后患者的心理的有效方法。方法　采用心理危机结构式访谈问卷，对2008年4月28日发生的山东淄博胶济铁路重大交通事故中的226伤员进行心理状态评估，并对22名ASD患者进行眼动脱敏再加工(eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR)治疗，比较EMDR治疗前后的心理行为反应的差异。结果　有22名达到ASD（急性应激障碍）诊断标准，本次铁路交通事故中ASD的发生率为9.73%，伤员中主要以闯人、警觉性增高表现为主，并伴随着其他的负性情绪体验。女性组ASD的发生率(14.85%)高于男性组(5.60%)，P<0.05。女性组心理行为反应结果明显重于男性组(P<0.05)，EMDR能够显著改善ASD患者的闯入、警觉性增高症状(P<0.01)，但愤怒情绪没有显著改善((P=0.227))。结论　铁路交通事故后，女性比男性更容易发生ASD。EMDR可有效地解决ASD患者除愤怒以外的心理危机。

Objective: To investigate the psychological characteristics in the casualties of 4.28 train crash on the Jiao-Ji railway track and to find a effective way to relieve the psychological crisis induced by traffic accident. Method: A total of 226 casualties were assessed in respect of psychological crisis with interview questionnaire after 4.28 train track on Jiao-ji railwayine. Twenty-two casualties meeting acute stress disorder (ASD) criteria from DSM-IV were treated with EMDR. The therapeutic effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on ASD were assessed. Results: The incidence of ASD was 9.73% (22 casualties). The major psychological consequences in casualties were intrusive symptoms, symptoms of hyperarousal, and negative emotional symptoms. Significant differences on gender had been found in incidence rate of ASD female 14.85% and male 5.60%, P < 0.05. The women manifested more severe psychological consequences than men in this train crash accident. Significant treatment effect was found in EMDR on ASD. EMDR can significantly improve the intrusive symptoms and symptoms of hyperarousal (P < 0.05), but can not significantly improve negative emotional symptoms (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The women showed more severe psychological consequences than men after train crash accident. EMDR was effective treatment on ASD but negative emotional symptoms.

Keywords: Accident Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Crsis Intervention Psychological Crisis Intervention Traffic Accident Train Collision Train Crashes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. Trobisch-Lutge, S. (2010, July). "I am a consequential damage of detention" - Protreacted non-determinability in the reconstruction of traumatic experiences in the descendants of victims of political persecution byt the SED dictatorship in the GDR. Symposium (Samin Karim, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The descendants of the political persecution by the SED dictatorship in the GDR are in many ways involved in the history of the persecution of their parents. 20 years after the “Wende” the reconstruction of parental distress is distinguished by a high degree of protracted non - determinability. The descendants own traumatic experiences often join fragmented, unsettling memory segments of the parental generation. Confusing persecution practices of the Stasi have often caused grave personal uncertainties and as a consequence, have spread doubts until today about the reliability of autobiographical memories. Internal decision making and processing while living under the conditions of a dictatorship - which included how to deal with their own children, and the external influences of the persecuted parental generation are, from the viewpoint of the descendants, difficult to distinguish from each other. A successful EMDR treatment is - in case of the emotional distress of the descendants of political traumatised people - connected to a process of resolving perplex memory contents. Perpetrator-victim-collusions, which are often found in affected families, add to a concatenation of cumulative traumatic events. The non - determinability in the reconstruction of traumatic experiences cause the formation of traumatic complexes which negatively influence future events in the life of the descendants. Based on interview details of a qualitative study with descendants of victims of political persecution by the SED dictatorship in which the possibilities of handling the more difficult determination of initial traumatic events are discussed. By means of this the author clarifies the central themes of a disconcerting reconstruction of the victim’s parental and own biography.

Keywords: GRD Political Persecution SED Dictatorship Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. フランシーンシャピロ, マーゴット・シルクフォレスト, 市井雅哉 (翻訳) [Shapiro, F., and Forrest, M. S. (Ichii Masaya translator)] (2006年2月). トラウマからの解放:EMDR [EMDR: The breakthrough therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress and trauma]. 大阪：Nikeisha.

Language: Japanese

Format: Book

Abstract:
EMDR、または眼球運動脱感作と再処理、目の動きやハンドタップなどのリズミカルな刺激を利用して外傷の犠牲者を治療するための新しい非伝統的な、非常に短期的な治療法です。シャピロ氏は、臨床心理学者と仲間のアプローチを開発したカリフォルニア州パロアルトで、精神研究所で、これのようにわずか3として90分EMDRセッションは、患者の無効化の不安を軽減した例が報告されます。彼女は1987年に技術を開発する方法説明して、シャピロ氏は、治療について説明しますように機能するかについて、なぜ研究を支援し引き合いに出して推理。彼女はリズミカルな刺激は、プロセスのジャンプに固有の起動することを示唆していると、それらはとても自然治癒を始めることが立ち往生している外傷体験の処理を開始して犠牲者を有効にするには脳の情報処理システムを加速させます。ライターForrestは手法の有効性を実証する数多くのEMDRトレーニングを積んだセラピストによるケーススタディを掴んで提示？とりわけ、心的外傷後ストレスとベトナムのベテランは、夜の恐怖、レイプ被害者の母親と子供もほぼ悲しみに麻痺息子の死の翌年。他の研究は、終末期の患者の成功を支援麻薬中毒者を報告する。

EMDR, or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, is a new, nontraditional, very short-term therapy for treating trauma victims that utilizes rhythmical stimulation such as eye movements or hand taps. Shapiro, a clinical psychologist and fellow at the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, Calif., who developed the approach, reports cases in which as few as three 90-minute EMDR sessions have relieved patients' disabling anxiety. Explaining how she developed the technique in 1987, Shapiro describes the treatment, theorizes about why it works and cites supporting research. She suggests that the rhythmical stimulation inherent in the process jump starts and accelerates the brain's information processing system to enable the victims to begin to process the traumatic experiences in which they have been stuck so that natural healing can begin. Writer Forrest presents gripping case studies from numerous EMDR-trained therapists to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique?among others, a Vietnam veteran with post-traumatic stress, a child with night terrors, a rape victim and a mother still nearly paralyzed with grief a year after her son's death. Other studies report success helping drug addicts and the terminally ill.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. 市井雅哉, 熊野宏昭 [Ichii Masaya & Kumano Hiroaki]. (1996, July). 急性ストレス障害の阪神・淡路大震災被災者に対する眼球運動による脱感作法（EMD）の適用 [Application of eye movement desensitization (EMD) to Kobe earthquake victims with acute stress disorder]. ブリーフサイコセラピー研究. 005 / 日本ブリーフサイコセラピー学会編 [Brief research. 005 / Chapter Society of Japan Brief]. Burifu Saikoserapi kenkyu, 005. [A study of brief psychotherapy. 005 ] 5, 53-68. Niigata : kamedabukkusābisu [Niigata: Kameda Book Services].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Earthquake EMD Kobe

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. 市井雅哉, 熊野宏昭 [Ichii Masaya & Kumano Hiroaki]. (1996). 急性ストレス障害の阪神・淡路大震災被災者に対する眼球運動による脱感作法(EMD)の適用ブリーフサイコセラピー研究 [Eye movement desensitization by Kobe earthquake victims with acute stress disorder (EMD) application]. ブリーフサイコセラピー、5、53-70の日本人会 [Japanese Association of Brief Psychotherapy, 5, 53-70].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
著者らは、EMDを（眼球運動脱感作）阪神淡路大震災から受けたとのASD（急性ストレス障害）の生存者として1ヶ月と診断地震次の2つの女性に適用されます。セッションの中で、彼らの恐れが減少した。その結果、EMDには、ASDクライアントのPTSDを防ぐために使用できることを示した。 25歳焦がすの女性は当初、外傷に関連する画像（例えば、火）、8の初期SUDにレベルを訴えた。眼球運動（EM）の苦痛のレベルの4つの後に0に減少した。眼球運動の7番目のセット後、彼女はそれが終わると、"として完全に本当だった認知"を評価した。 5ヵ月後には、これらの治療の変更が症状のいずれか再発することなく維持された。関連は、この場合、二次的利得と自己使用で議論された。また、結婚28歳の女性、EMDの治療のセッション中に恐怖感の強いreexperienced地震に関連する症状。迅速SUDには0のレベルに減少したEMの11セットの後に恐れている。同時に、彼女は彼女が望ましい認知または"すべては疑いの余地なくすべての権利"は信じられないと報じた。方法はEMDを適用することで画像や正認知の治療に議論された。また、症状の適用範囲やEMDとEMDRの違いが議論された。

Authors applied EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization) to two women who suffered from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and diagnosed as ASD (Acute Stress Disorder) survivors one month following the earthquake. Within a session, their fears were diminished. The result showed that EMD can be used for ASD clients to prevent PTSD. A 25 year-old singe woman initially complained of trauma-related imagery (e.g., fire) with an initial SUD level of eight. After four sets of Eye Movement (EM) the level of distress decreased to 0. After the seventh set of eye movement, she rated the cognition "it was over," as completely true. Five months later, these therapeutic changes were maintained without any relapse of symptoms. Associated with this case, secondary gain and self use were discussed. In addition, a married 28-year-old woman, reexperienced earthquake-related symptoms with a strong sense of fear during the therapy session of EMD. The fear quickly decreased to a level of 0 on SUD after the eleventh set of EM. At the same time she reported that she could believe a desirable cognition or "everything is all right" without any doubt. The way to treat imagery and positive cognition in applying EMD was discussed. Furthermore, an applicable range of symptoms, and the differences between EMD and EMDR were discussed.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Earthquake Kobe

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. 田中ひな子 [Tanaka Hinako]. （2008年6月）. 性被害を受けた青年期女性へのEMDRを用いた援助田中ひな子 [Support for female victims of sexual assault during adolescence with EMDR]. こころのりんしょう第27巻02号 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 27(2), 247-251] .

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Adolescents Female Sexual Assault Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. 本多正道 [Honda Masamichi]. (2008年6月). 災害被災者への支援本多正道 [Supporting disaster victims]. こころのりんしょう第27巻02号 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 27(2), 305-310] .

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Disasters Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. 有村達之 , 野崎剛弘 , 久保千春 [Arimura Tatsuyuki, Nozaki Takehiro, & Kubo Chiharu]. (2006年4月). 犯罪被害者のPTSDにEMDRが著効した1例(一般演題,第44回日本心身医学会九州地方会演題抄録(1)) [PTSD victims of crime were very effective in EMDR is one case (General Title, Kyushu Regional Meeting Abstracts Abstract The Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine 44 (1))]. 心身医学：日本誌、46（4）、336 [Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 46(4), 336].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Crime Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. 陳致豪 [Chen Chih-Hao]. (2004). 眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效 [The efficacy of eye movement and positive cognition components of EMDR in the treatment of cockroach phobia]. 國立台灣大學心理學研究所 [National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Psychology].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
陳致豪眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效
眼動減敏訊息再處理法（Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; EMDR）是Shapiro（1989a, 1989b）所發展的一套治療方法，最早被用來治療創傷後壓力疾患（post traumatic stress disorder; PTSD，後來也被認為對其他心理疾患具有療效。雖然Shapiro認為眼動程序可以加速訊息處理並降低個案的焦慮與困擾，不同治療變項的療效仍待由控制性研究法進一步釐清。本研究以部分減除（dismantling）的方式，運用實驗法來探討「眼動」與「正向認知」對懼蟑症治療效果的影響。藉2（有眼動、無眼動）× 2（正向認知、減敏延長）受試者間設計，探討單一治療次對懼蟑症者的治療效果。受試者為自大樣本篩選出的40名懼怕蟑螂的大學女生。研究結果顯示治療程序的主要效果顯著，四組的療效相當。在治療階段中，受試者主觀害怕程度、對負向認知之相信程度皆呈顯著的線性下降；對正向認知之相信程度則僅眼動組呈顯著線性上升。雖然生理指標（心跳速率）在前測時顯著較基線時高，而在後測時回復至接近基線水準，但就微觀歷程分析，治療階段中各組之心跳速率變化為，在第一階段內逐漸上升，階段間休息時心跳速率略為降低，在第二階段開始又逐漸上升。本研究結果亦顯示，就微觀的治療歷程（micro process）而言，在正向認知的治療情境中，僅眼動組的受試者對正向認知之相信程度逐漸提高。在治療效果上，雖曝露法（exposure）本身便具有療效；但眼動能夠進一步促進受試者第二階段中正向認知的相信程度（可能藉由促進訊息處理）。就巨觀的療效指標而言，雖然單一治療次在各組皆有顯著的療效，但是正向認知對療效的影響無組別差異，該療效指標可能需要較多的治療次始能反映出來。本研究亦就研究結果所顯示的意義與未來的研究方向提出討論

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989a, 1989b) was initially used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and later has been thought to be effective in treating other psychological disorders also. Shapiro suggested that eye movement procedure could accelerate information processing and further reduced the client’s anxiety and disturbance. However, psychotherapy evaluation regarding crucial therapeutic parameters awaits elucidation. This dismantling study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of eye movement and positive cognition on phobias. Specifically, via a 2×2 between subject design, with “eye movement/non eye movement” and “treatment process” being two independent variables, a total of 40 female university students with fear of cockroaches were screened and recruited from introductory psychology class to explore the treatment effect of those two components. The results showed that, according to macro therapeutic indices, the effect of therapy was significant, and was not significantly different among groups. As to micro treatment process, while the participants’ SUDs decreased linearly, and so did the negative cognition VOCs, the positive cognition VOCs increased linearly only for the eye movement condition. In addition, while for macro index, the physical index, heart rate, was significantly higher at pre-test than at baseline and returned to baseline at post-test, the process measures indicated that heart rate increased during the first treatment stage, returned during rest period, and increased again during the second treatment stage. According to the micro process, the results also suggested that when presented with positive cognition participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions increased only for the eye movement condition. As to the therapeutic effects, although exposure by itself might be effective, eye movement could further promote participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions at the second treatment stage, probably by facilitating information processing. Nonetheless, regarding macro therapeutic index, there were equal therapeutic effects across groups within one-session therapy, and the superiority of positive cognition installation remained obscure, which implied that to become obvious more sessions might be called for. The implications of the present results and further research possibilities are postulated.

Keywords: Cockroach Phobia Eye Movement Phobia Positive Cognition Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. 陳致豪張素凰 [Chen Zhi-Hao, & Chang Sue-Hwang]. (2004年9月). 眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效國立台灣 [The efficacy of eye movement and positive cognition components of EMDR in the treatment of cockroach phobias]. 紙發表於第43屆年會台灣心理學會會議上，研討會焦慮症：心理素質，調解員和治療問題。政治大學，台北，台灣 [Presentation at the 43rd Annual Conferences on Taiwan Psychological Association, Symposium on Anxiety Disorders: Diatheses, Mediators and Therapeutic Implications. Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan].

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
眼動減敏訊息再處理法（Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; EMDR）是Shapiro（1989a, 1989b）所發展的一套治療方法，最早被用來治療創傷後壓力疾患（post traumatic stress disorder; PTSD，後來也被認為對其他心理疾患具有療效。雖然Shapiro 認為眼動程序可以加速訊息處理並降低個案的焦慮與困擾，不同治療變項的療效仍待由控制性研究法進一步釐清。本研究以部分減除（dismantling）的方式，運用實驗法來探討「眼動」與「正向認知」對懼蟑症治療效果的影響。藉2（有眼動、無眼動）× 2（正向認知、減敏延長）受試者間設計，探討單一治療次對懼蟑症者的治療效果。受試者為自大樣本篩選出的40 名懼怕蟑螂的大學女生。研究結果顯示治療程序的主要效果顯著，四組的療效相當。在治療階段中，受試者主觀害怕程度、對負向認知之相信程度皆呈顯著的線性下降；對正向認知之相信程度則僅眼動組呈顯著線性上升。雖然生理指標（心跳速率）在前測時顯著較基線時高，而在後測時回復至接近基線水準，但就微觀歷程分析，治療階段中各組之心跳速率變化為，在第一階段內逐漸上升，階段間休息時心跳速率略為降低，在第二階段開始又逐漸上升。本研究結果亦顯示，就微觀的治療歷程（micro process）而言，在正向認知的治療情境中，僅眼動組的受試者對正向認知之相信程度逐漸提高。在治療效果上，雖曝露法（exposure）本身便具有療效；但眼動能夠進一步促進受試者第二階段中正向認知的相信程度（可能藉由促進訊息處理）。就巨觀的療效指標而言，雖然單一治療次在各組皆有顯著的療效，但是正向認知對療效的影響無組別差異，該療效指標可能需要較多的治療次始能反映出來。本研究亦就研究結果所顯示的意義與未來的研究方向提出討論。

[Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989a, 1989b) was initially used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and later has been thought to be effective in treating other psychological disorders also. Shapiro suggested that eye movement procedure could accelerate information processing and further reduced the client’s anxiety and disturbance. However, psychotherapy evaluation regarding crucial therapeutic parameters awaits elucidation. This dismantling study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of eye movement and positive cognition on phobias. Specifically, via a 2×2 between subject design, with “eye movement/non eye movement” and “treatment process” being two independent variables, a total of 40 female university students with fear of cockroaches were screened and recruited from introductory psychology class to explore the treatment effect of those two components. The results showed that, according to macro therapeutic indices, the effect of therapy was significant, and was not significantly different among groups. As to micro treatment process, while the participants’ SUDs decreased linearly, and so did the negative cognition VOCs, the positive cognition VOCs increased linearly only for the eye movement condition. In addition, while for macro index, the physical index, heart rate, was significantly higher at pre-test than at baseline and returned to baseline at post-test, the process measures indicated that heart rate increased during the first treatment stage, returned during rest period, and increased again during the second treatment stage. According to the micro process, the results also suggested that when presented with positive cognition participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions increased only for the eye movement condition. As to the therapeutic effects, although exposure by itself might be effective, eye movement could further promote participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions at the second treatment stage, probably by facilitating information processing. Nonetheless, regarding macro therapeutic index, there were equal therapeutic effects across groups within one-session therapy, and the superiority of positive cognition installation remained obscure, which implied that to become obvious more sessions might be called for. The implications of the present results and further research possibilities are postulated.]

Keywords: Cockroach Phobia Eye Movement Phobia Positive Cognition Psychotherapy Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. 市井雅哉, 熊野宏昭 [Ichii Masaya, and Kumano Hiroaki]. (1996). 眼球運動脱感作の適用（EMD）を阪神淡路大震災に苦しんで急性ストレス障害の被害者に [Application of eye movement desensitization (EMD) to the acute stress disorder victims suffered from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake]. 短期心理療法、5、53から68の日本誌 [Japanese Journal of Brief Psychotherapy, 5, 53-68].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Earthquake EMD Disaster Victims Great Hanshin-Awaji

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. 市井雅哉 [Ichii Masaya]. (1996). 眼球運動脱感作手順の阪神淡路大震災の急性ストレス障害の犠牲者は（EMDR）を適用 [Acute stress disorder victims of the Great Hanshin Earthquake of eye movement desensitization procedure (EMDR) apply]. Burifusaikoserapiペーパー（5）53から70 [Burifusaikoserapi Papers, (5), 53-70].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Great Hanshin Earthquake

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. 仁木啓介 [Niki Keisuke]. (2008年6月). 精神科病院でのEMDR―犯罪被害者と解離性同一性障害の治療について― 仁木啓介 [EMDR at psychiatric hospitals: Therapy for criminal victims and dissociative identity disorder] . こころのりんしょう第27巻02号 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 27(2), 263-269].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Criminal Victims DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Psychiatric Hospitals

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. 赵国秋汪永光王义强付素芬唐济生曹日芳 [Zhao Guoqiu, Wang Yongguang, Wang Yiqiang, FU Shufen, Tang Jisheng, & Cao Rifang] (发表时间). 胶济铁路交通事故伤员心理危机干预结果分析 [The Analysis of Intervention for Casualties in the Accident on Jiaoji Railway on April 28]. 中国首届心理咨询师大会暨心理危机干预研讨会论文集.

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
对22名ASD患者进行EMDR治疗，比较EMDR治疗前后的心理行为反应的差异。结果：有22名达到ASD（急性应激障碍）诊断标准，ASD发生率为9.73%，伤员中主要以闯入、警觉性增高表现为主，并伴随着其它的负性情绪体验。女性组心理行为反应结果明显重于男性组，女性组ASD...

(Based on the treatment of EMDR for 22 ASD patients, the comparison of psychological and behavior reaction between and after the treatment is shown. Results: there were 22 patients who reached to the diagnosis standard of ASD (Acute Stress Disorder). The incident rate is 9.73%. The major reaction is the increase of intrusive thoughts and alertness, with some other negative emotional experiences. The result of the psychological and behavior reaction of the female group is evidently stronger than that of the male group. The female group…)

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Jiaoji Railway

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. Wilson, S., Becker, L., & Tinker, R. H. (1995, June). 15-Month follow up of EMDR treatment for traumatic memory. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
We previously reported on the outcomes of a controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) effectiveness in the treatment of traumatic memory (Wilson, Tinker, & Becker, 1994; Wilson, Becker, & tinker, in press). In that study we found that three, 90-minute sessions of EMDR (Shapiro, 1995) "normalized the psychological functioning of the previously traumatized participants (g = 80) on all dependent measures. The present study is a 15-month follow up of those participants. I Method: The research design is shown in Table 1. Participants were randomly assigned to EMDR or to Delayed EMDR conditions. Pretreatment measurement occurred at measurement time TI. Participants in the EMDR condition received EMDR between T1 and T2; those in the Delayed EMDR condition received EMDR between T2 and T3. All participants were tested immediately following treatment and at 3 months following treatment (at T4). The 15 month, long-term follow up occurred at measurement time T5. An independent assessor collected all of the following dependent measures: Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS; Wolpe, 1990), Impact of Events Scale (IES; Hmowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979), State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R, Derogatis, 1992). [Table 1. The Research Design, Treatment Condition, Measurement Time: T1 T2 T3 T4 T5; EMDR Treatment: 01 x 02 03 04; Delayed EMDR Treatment 01 02 x 03 04 05; Note: T = Time of measurement; 0 = Observation; X = Treatment administered.] II. Results: Two analyses were performed to assess the impact of EMDR treatment at the 15-month follow up. First, in order to assess the overall, long-term impact of EMDR, the 15-month follow-up scores were compared with the pretreatment scores. There was significant improvement on all nine measures at the 15-month follow up: The multivariate effect was significant (Wilk's Lambda =.11, p<.0005) as were all nine of the univariate effects (all p <.0005). Second, in order to assess whether the improvement shown immediately following EMDR treatment had been maintained over the following year the immediate posttreatment scores were compared with, the 15-month follow-up scores. The multivariate test was nonsignificant (Wilk's lambda=.74, p=.079), indicating the improvement shown immediately following EMDR was maintained 15 months later. The univariate analyses indicated additional improvement for the PTSD symptoms of intrusions (IES Intrusion: F(1,56)=7.71, p=307) and avoidance (IES avoidance: F_(1,56) -4.44, p=.040). None of the nine measures showed deterioration at the 15-month follow up. Prior to EMDR treatment 45% (g= 9) of the responders had been diagnosed as PTSD, at the 15-month follow up only 7% (g = 4) were diagnosed as PTSD (chi-squareo, N=61)= .72, p < .05). III. Responders Versus Nonresponders at the 15-Month Follow up.: At the time of writing this abstract, 75% of the participants (g=61) have responded to the 15-month follow up. In general, measures taken prior to treatment did not differentiate responders fiom nonresponders. Responding at the 15-month follow up was unrelated to age, gender, marital status or years of education, although the annual income of the responders (Mdn=21,500) was higher than that of the nonresponders (Mdn = 14,750, Mann-Whitney U=372.5, p=.017). Responding or not at 15 months was unrelated to the type of trauma experienced, whether or not the participants had been in therapy prior to EMDR treatment, or how long ago the trauma had occurred. It was also unrelated to the severity of the trauma as measured by the pretreatment scores on the nine dependent variables and to whether or not the participant met the PTSD diagnosis criteria prior to treatment. A multiple regression analysis used the immediate posttreatment and 90-day posttreatment scores to predict whether or not the participant responded at the 15-month follow up. Nonrespondents were more likely to be depressed at 90-days following treatment than were respondents (R square=.O8, B=-.16, Beta = -.28, F_L1,71)=5.99, p=.017). No other variables entered into the regression model. IV Discussiona and Conclusion, Tretement effects found immediately following EMDR treatment wer maintained or improved 15 months later and thee was a significant decrease in the number of participants diagnosed as PTSD at the 15 month follow up. The comparison of responders to nonresponders at the 15 month follow up showed that the nonresponders were more depressed than the responders, raising the possiblity that the present results may be favorably biased to some extent. The discussion will include the additional, subjective impressions of participants who did not respond to the follow up. Limitations of EMDR with this population will be discussed, including the influence of comorbidity, multiple traumas, retraumatization after treatment, and spontaneous recurrence of symptoms. V. References: 1) Derogatis, L. R. (1992). SCL-90: Administration Scoring and Procedures Manual II. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research. 2) Horowitz, M. J., Wilmer, N. & Alverez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Distress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209-218. 3) Shapiro, F. (1995), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures. 4) Speilberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. D., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. 5) Wilson, S. A., Tinker, R. A., & Becker, L. A. (1994, November). Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)Treatment for Trauma Victims. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL. 6) Wilson, S. A., Becker, L. A., & Tinker, R. A. (In press), EMDR, treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

Keywords: Follow-up Traumatic Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. Beccari, A. (2008). Abuso sessuale sui minori: Il sostegno alle giovani vittime [On child sexual abuse: Support for young victims]. Universita Degli Studi di Parma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract: Il filo conduttore di questo report sarà il trauma. La prima parte sarà incentrata sulla definizione di trauma, sulle risposte adattive e su quelle patologiche di fronte ad un evento negativo e sulle variabili individuali e soggettive che determinano nell’individuo un vissuto traumatico. Quest’ultimo aspetto, infatti, sappiamo essere fondamentale per capire la differenza che intercorre tra le diverse reazioni (emotiva, cognitiva e comportamentale) delle persone che si trovano ad essere esposte anche al medesimo evento disturbante. La seconda sezione sarà invece dedicata al trauma dei bambini e alle diverse modalità di condurre un assessment adeguato. La terza parte si concentrerà, nello specifico, sul trauma da abuso sessuale: ne prenderà in considerazione la definizione, le conseguenze a breve e medio-lungo termine nonchè le possibilità di sostegno alle giovani vittime di abuso sessuale intra ed extra familiare. Inoltre verrà trattata una tecnica piuttosto recente dimostratasi efficace nel trattamento del Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress negli adulti come nei bambini: l’EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing).

The theme of this report is trauma. The first part will focus on the definition of trauma, and those on adaptive responses pathological in the face of a negative event and the individual variables and subjective determine in the individual a traumatic experience. This latter aspect, in fact, we know be crucial to understand the difference between the different reactions (emotional, cognitive and behavioral) of persons who are to be presented on the same event disturbing. The second section will be devoted to the trauma of children and the different modes of conduct a proper assessment. The third part will focus specifically on the trauma of sexual abuse: it will take consider the definitions, the short-and medium-long term as well as the possibility of support for young victims of sexual abuse within and outside the family. also will be treated fairly new technique proved effective in treating the disorder Post-traumatic Stress in adults as in children: EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing).

Keywords: Children Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. Huber, M., Siol, T., Herholz, K., Lenz, O., Köhle, K., & Heiss, W. D. (2001, December). Activation of thalamo-cortical systems in post-traumatic flashbacks: A positron emission tomography study. Traumatology, 7(4), 131-141. doi:10.1177/153476560100700402.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Trauma victims with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience ‘flashbacks’ that are described as being different from memories of other fearful biographic situations. We used Positron Emission Tomography and Statistical Parametric Mapping to compare in the same subject brain activation patterns during induced flashbacks with recall of fearful non-traumatic situations. During fearful recall there were significant activations of right precuneus. When traumatic memories were compared to neutral, right lingual gyrus, right thalamus / mamillary bodies, and right cerebellum were significantly activated. When brain activation during flashbacks was compared to simple fear, right mediodorsal thalamus (MD), right precuneus, and right cerebellum were significantly more active. With respect to recent experimental evidence concerning the function of thalamo-cortical systems, we hypothesize that post-traumatic flashback experiences are based on hyperactive thalamo-cortical ‘closed loop’ networks.

Keywords: Flashbacks Mediodorsal Thalamus PET Positron Emission Tomography Post-Trauamtic Stress Disorder PTSD Statistical Parameter Mapping Thalamo-Cortical Systems Trauma Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. Amano, T., Selyama, A., & Toichi M. (2012, June). The activity of the brain cortex measured by NIRS during EMDR session of phantom limb pain [La actividad del cortex cerebral medida por espectroscopía casi infrarroja (NIRS) durante una sesión de EMDR en Dolor de Miembro Fantasma]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
We are reporting the case of a female patient with severe chronic pain, which was successfully treated applying a phantom limb pain (PLP) protocol of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The patient is a seventy-‐ year-‐old female, who suffered from paralysis in the left lower limb due to an accident during an orthopedic operation for herniated disc. After the operation, she began to experience sharp pain in the paralyzed limb, and neither nerve blocks nor trials of medicine were effective for this pain. It continued for 8 years until a PLP protocol was applied. During the sessions of the protocol, her sharp pain gradually diminished and virtually disappeared at the end of the EMDR sessions. A follow-‐up interview, held three years after the sessions, confirmed no recurrence. The study was designed to examine the changes of frontal and temporal cortices in the blood flow in brain by NIRS during sessions of EMDR. During the recall of her trauma-‐related events, her heart rate and the blood flow increased in the area of the right superior temporal sulcus. Eye movement with the recall of traumatic events leads to a generalized decrease in brain blood flow. The results suggest that a PLP protocol may be an effective option for the treatment of chronic pain. It is probably because the technique, which is effective for post-‐traumatic stress disorder, can potentially dissolve traumatic pain memory. The findings on blood flow seem to suggest that EMDR is effective in treating PTSD by normalizing excessive cerebral activation, particularly in the right hemisphere, which is related to the memory of trauma.

Presentamos el caso de una mujer con dolor crónico severo tratado con éxito mediante un protocolo de desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares (EMDR) para dolor de miembro fantasma (DMF). Se trata de una mujer de setenta y dos años de edad que sufría una parálisis en la extremidad inferior izquierda debido a un accidente durante una intervención quirúrgica ortopédica por una hernia discal. Tras la operación, empezó a experimentar un dolor agudo en el miembro paralizado; ni los bloqueos nerviosos regionales ni las pruebas con fármacos fueron eficaces para tratar su dolor. Así siguió durante 8 años hasta la aplicación de un protocolo para el tratamiento del DMF. Durante las sesiones en las que se seguía el protocolo, el dolor agudo que sufría disminuía progresivamente y desaparición por completo al finalizar las sesiones de EMDR. Durante una entrevista de seguimiento a los tres años se confirmó la ausencia de una recurrencia del dolor. Se diseñó el estudio para examinar los cambios del flujo sanguíneo cerebral en las cortezas frontal y temporal mediante NIRS en las sesiones de EMDR. Durante el recuerdo de los eventos relacionados con el trauma, se aumentó la frecuencia cardiaca y el flujo sanguíneo en el área del sulco temporal superior derecho. Los movimientos oculares que se producen con el recuerdo de los eventos traumáticos conlleva una disminución generalizada del flujo sanguíneo al cerebro. Los resultados sugieren que un protocolo específico para DMF puede representar una alternativa efectiva para el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Probablemente se debe a que esta técnica que es efectiva en el trastorno por estrés post-‐traumático, tiene el potencial de disolver el recuerdo del dolor traumático. Los hallazgos sobre el flujo sanguíneo parecen sugerir que EMDR es efectivo en el tratamiento del TEPT al normalizar la activación cerebral excesiva, sobre todo en el hemisferio derecho, que guarda relación con el recuerdo del trauma.

Keywords: Brain Cortex NIRS Phantom Limb Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. Kirsch, A., & Seidler, G. (2007). Affekt und trauma: Mimisch affektive beziehungsregulation bei gewaltopfern in der EMDR therapie [Affect and trauma: Facial affective behavior and relationship regulation in violence victims during EMDR therapy]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie, Psychotherapiewissenschaft, Psychologische Medizin (ZPPM), 5(2), 53-66.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Patienten mit PTBS ein spezifisches Interaktionsverhalten in die Beziehung implementieren, das sich im mimisch affektiven Ausdruck und insbesondere im affektiven Mikroverhalten ausdrückt. Das mimisch-affektive Verhalten wurde mit dem Emotional Facial Action Coding System (EMFACS) analysiert. EMFACS ist ein Kodiersystem zur Erfassung von mimischen Expressionen, die den Primäremotionen zugeordnet werden. Zusätzlich wurde das Blickverhalten der Interaktanden kodiert und mit den Emotionen in Beziehung gesetzt. Patienten mit einer akuten Traumatisierung zeigen eine Reduktion der gesamten mimischen Aktivität sowie der Primäremotionen. Bezogen auf das Blickverhalten findet sich bei den PTSD-Patienten ein reduziertes beidseitiges Anblicken. Das mimisch affektive Verhalten der Patienten wurde in der ersten und der letzten EMDR-Sitzung verglichen. Es zeigte sich eine leichte Erhöhung.

It is assumed that patients with mental diseases implement a specific interaction pattern, that is expressed in the facial affective expression and particularly in facial-affective micro-behaviours. The facial affective behaviour was coded with the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. Afterwards these analyses were connected with gazing behaviour. Patients with an acute trauma showed a reduction of overall facial expressions and a reduced frequency of facial affects. Taking the gazing behaviour into consideration it became obvious that PTSD patients showed decreased portion of mutual gaze. Furthermore the facial affective expression of the patients' first and last EMDR session was compared. A slight increasing of facial affective expression and also an increase of the psychic complains was found. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Crime Emotional Numbing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. Formenti, L. (2008, Novembre). Alleanza terapeutica nel trattamento di bambini vittime di disastri collettivi [Therapeutic alliance in the treatment of child victims of mass disasters]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nel lavoro verrà trattata la centralità dell’alleanza terapeutica in un intervento sul trauma effettuato su bambini vittime di disastri collettivi. L’autore illustrerà come tale alleanza risulta essere propedeutica al trattamento con EMDR e quanto sia fondamentale, per una piene riuscita della terapia, la creazione di un’alleanza allargata, che raggiunga anche i genitori e più in generale tutte le figure di accudimento che ruotano attorno ai bambini. Offrire supporto psicologico e EMDR ai genitori, infatti, accresce l’efficacia del trattamento nei bambini in quanto: • L’accordo con i genitori sulle attività terapeutiche che verranno svolte e sugli obiettivi di tale intervento, facilita il lavoro del terapeuta nella fase di preparazione del bambino. • La psicoeducazione fatta al genitore permette a quest’ultimo di aiutare il proprio bambino nello sviluppo di risorse aggiuntive per il contenimento emotivo, utili sia in fase di preparazione che durante la vera e propria elaborazione del trauma. • Il benessere del genitore porta ad una risoluzione più rapida della sintomatologia del bambino, spesso determinata o aggravata proprio dall’intuizione del bambino circa il disagio del genitore e dal suo tentativo di porvi rimedio. Tutto ciò verrà esposto con l’ausilio di due casi clinici di bambini trattati a seguito dell’incidente avvenuto in data 8 maggio 2007 a Stroppiana (VC) nel quale un pullman contenente tutti i bambini della scuola elementare si è ribaltato. 39 bambini sono sopravvissuti, 2 hanno perso la vita.

The work will be treated the centrality of the therapeutic alliance in a speech carried on trauma on child victims of collective disaster. The author illustrates how this alliance appears to be preparatory treatment with EMDR and the fundamental for a full success of therapy, the creation of an enlarged alliance, which also reaches parents and more generally all caregivers that revolve around children. Offer psychological support and EMDR to Parents, in fact, increases the effectiveness of treatment in children because: • The agreement with parents about therapeutic activities to be carried out and the objectives of such intervention, the therapist facilitates the work in preparing the child • The parent psychoeducation made to allow him to help your child development of additional resources for emotional content, useful both during preparation and during the actual processing of the trauma • The welfare of the parent leads to a more rapid resolution of symptoms of child, often determining or increasing the child's own intuition about the inconvenience the parent and its attempt to remedy. This will be explained with the help of two clinical cases of children treated after incident occurred on 8 May 2007 Stroppiana (VC) in which a bus containing all primary school children was overturned. 39 children survivors, 2 have died.

Keywords: Children Mass Disaster Therapeutic Alliance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. Kahveci, S., Erdogan, T., Karakus, D., Dogaroglu, S., Aydemir, S., Sen, G., Serpel, A., Kakan, N., & Ozgun S. (2010, June). Analyzing the effect of EMDR on pre-post menstrual disturbance. In Female issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Description of the study: Traumatic experiences may lead to body sensations. Some illnesses such as Migraine, ulcer and fibromyalgia which causes body disturbance have psychological roots. Steven Marcus also shows the relation between traumatic event and migraine in his studies. This study is inspired by the relationship between body disturbance related illnesses and traumatic experiences. In this study, physical and emotional disturbances experienced by women during the MDR menstrual cycle is studied by the use of EMDR. Participants in this study will receive a (max) 12 session EMDR treatment. All participants are going to fill a battery of tests consisting of Beck Depression Scale, STAI, Life Events Check List, Subjective Pain Level before and after the study and keep a diary of disturbance during the study. EMDR and the study: It is hypothesized that females who have more traumatic experiences related to menstrual cycle will experience disturbances during the menstrual cycle and after 12 first session of EMDR treatment there will be a decrease in reported disturbance levels. It is also hypothesized that the more negative cognitions a women has related to her gender/sexuality, the more disturbance she experiences. Learning objectives: Showing the way EMDR can be used in PMS and Dismenore Establishing the relationship between Pre- Post Menstrual Disturbances and negative & irrational beliefs related to gender identity. Enhancing the knowledge on the effect of previous negative life events on somatic sensations in the long term. Our study suggests that: Despite the fact that premenstrual Disturbances and Dismenore are quite common among the women, it is rarely studied by psychotherapists. In this study we reviewed the relevant literature and tried to show that these problems can be studied by using EMDR.

Keywords: Female Issues Pre Menstrual Post Menstrual Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. Burkhardt, L. (2003, May). Anxiety disorders – The treatment of victims of torture with EMDR. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Symposium Torture Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. Garcia, F. (2011, Julio). Aplicacion de EDMR en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos [Application of EMDR in the treatment of various disorders]. Presentación en la IX Congreso Nacional de Psicología Clínica, San Sebastian, España.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR es actualmente un acercamiento psicoterapéutico reconocido como tratamiento efectivo del trauma (American Psychiatric Association, 2004; Bisson y Andrew, de 2007; Bleich et al, 2002;. CREST, 2003; Foa et al, 2009; Niza, 2005). El trauma produce un cambio en nuestro sentido del yo, en nuestro sentido del significado del mundo, de su seguridad, de su racionalidad, existe un “antes y después” a nivel vivencial. La psicóloga Francine Shapiro observó que bajo ciertas condiciones el movimiento ocular puede reducir la intensidad de los pensamientos perturbadores, a partir de esta observación estudió científicamente este efecto y en 1989, informó del éxito al utilizar EMDR en el tratamiento de víctimas de trauma en el Journal of Traumatic Stress. Desde entonces, EMDR se ha desarrollado y ha evolucionado a través de las contribuciones de terapeutas e investigadores de todo el mundo. Estudios controlados en víctimas de Vietnam, abusos, accidentes, víctimas de catástrofes..., indican que EMDR es un método eficaz en el tratamiento del TEPT (trastorno por estrés postraumático), siendo también efectivo en el tratamiento de otras problemáticas como dolor crónico, trastornos psicosomáticos, problemas de apego, malos tratos y adopción.(Shapiro and Forrest, 1997; Shapiro, 2002; Shapiro, 2007; Van Der Kolk et al, 1997). El EMDR está basado en un modelo de "procesamiento adaptativo de la información" (Shapiro, 1991), que postula que la experiencia (los sentimientos, pensamientos y sensaciones) se transforma normalmente en aprendizaje adaptativo (Shapiro, 2001). Presentamos aquí este abordaje terapéutico, con una primera intervención que muestra las bases del EMDR y su aplicación en el dolor crónico y tres comunicaciones más en las que, a partir de la presentación de un caso, se mostrará la aplicación de los protocolos de tratamiento para los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, problemas adaptativos en niños adoptados y la violencia doméstica en menores.

EMDR is now recognized as a psychotherapeutic approach effective treatment of trauma (American Psychiatric Association, 2004, Bisson and Andrew, 2007, Bleich et al, 2002,. CREST, 2003, Foa et al, 2009, Nice, 2005). The trauma causes a change in our sense of self, our sense of meaning of the world, their security, their rationality, there is a "before and after" to experiential level. The psychologist Francine Shapiro observed that under certain conditions eye movement can reduce the intensity of disturbing thoughts, from this observation scientifically studied this effect and in 1989, reported the successful using EMDR to treat trauma victims in the Journal of Traumatic Stress. Since then, EMDR has developed and evolved through contributions of therapists and researchers from around the world. Controlled studies in Victims of Vietnam, abuse, accident, disaster victims ... indicate that EMDR is a effective method in treating PTSD (PTSD), with also effective in treating other problems such as chronic pain disorders psychosomatic problems of addiction, abuse and adoption. (Shapiro and Forrest, 1997; Shapiro, 2002; Shapiro, 2007; Van Der Kolk et al, 1997). EMDR is based on a model of "adaptive processing of information "(Shapiro, 1991), which postulates that the experience (feelings, thoughts and feelings) becomes normally adaptive learning (Shapiro, 2001). We present here this therapeutic approach, with the first intervention shows the basics of EMDR and its application in chronic pain and three more communications where, from the case report will show the application of protocols of treatment for eating disorders, problems adaptive adopted children and domestic violence on children.

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. Tarquinio, C., Houbre, B., Fayard, A., & Tarquinio, P. (2009, October-December). Application de l’EMDR au deuil traumatique après une collision de train [EMDR applied for traumatic bereavement after train collision]. L’Evolution Psychiatrique, 74(4), 567-580. doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2009.09.004.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cette étude exploratoire a pour objectif de tester l’application de la thérapie Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) dans le cadre de la prise en charge du deuil traumatique. Le deuil traumatique, qui correspond à la perte brutale d’un autre significatif, répond à un tableau clinique précis dont les principales caractéristiques sont les pensées intrusives concernant le défunt et des difficultés d’ajustement face à la perte (sentiment de vide, difficultés à reconnaître le décès, irritabilité, absence de réactivité, etc.). Les huit participants de l’étude sont tous des membres de la famille des victimes de la collision de train qui a eu lieu le 12 octobre 2006 à Zoufftgen. Les sujets, âgés en moyenne de 35,2 ans (S.D. = 11,1) et comprenant 75%de femmes, ont suivi entre huit à 15 séances (m = 10,75 ; S.D. = 2,21) répondant au protocole EMDR. L’efficacité de la thérapie a été évaluée à partir de plusieurs critères comprenant la mesure du deuil traumatique, de l’anxiété, de la dépression et de la détresse psychologique. Cinq évaluations ont été réalisées : avant la prise en charge (T0), après six séances (T1), à la fin de la prise en charge (T2), puis à trois mois (T3) et 12 mois (T4) après la fin de la thérapie. Les principaux résultats semblent indiquer une efficacité de la prise en charge EMDR. En effet, on note une diminution de tous les indicateurs entre le début (T0) et la fin de la prise en charge (T2). En outre, lorsque cette diminution ne se poursuit pas à trois et à 12 mois, elle reste, au minimum, stable à un an. Ces premières observations sont d’autant plus encourageantes que 10 à 15% des patients endeuillés peuvent développer une dépression chronique.

The aim of this exploratory study is to test the application of therapy EMDR in case of traumatic bereavement. The traumatic bereavement, which corresponds to the brutal loss of “significant other”, answers a precise clinical picture whose principal characteristics are the intrusive thoughts concerning the late one and of the difficulties of adjustment to the loss (feeling of vacuum, difficulties of recognizing the death, irritability, lack of reactivity, etc). The eight participants all of this study are of the members of the family of the victims of the train collision, which took place on October 12, 2006 in Zoufftgen. The subjects, old on average 35.2 years (S.D. = 11.1) and including 75% women, followed between eight to 15 meetings (m = 10.75, S.D. = 2.21) answering protocol EMDR. The effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated starting from several criteria including traumatic bereavement, anxiety, depression and psychological distress. Five evaluations were carried out: before the therapy (T0), after six meetings (T1), at the end of the therapy (T2), then in three months (T3) and 12 months (T4) after the end of the therapy. The principal results seem to indicate an effectiveness of the therapy EMDR. Indeed, we observe a reduction in all the indicators between the beginning (T0) and the end of the therapy (T2). Moreover, when this reduction does not continue to three and 12 months, it remains, at least, stable at one year. These observations are very encouraging especially when it is known that 10 to 15% of the patient develops a chronic depression.

Keywords: Affective Disorder Anxiety Depression Traumatic Bereavement

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. Negadi, F., Pelissolo, A., Jouvent, R., & Allilaire, J. F. (2007, Septembre). Application de l’EMDR en sexotraumatologie: Évolution de la comorbidité psychopathologique à propos d'un cas d'agression sexuelle [EMDR applied to sexual traumatology: Evolution of psychopathological comorbidity in the case of sexual aggression]. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique, 165(7), 523-528. doi:10.1016/j.amp.2007.06.002.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L'accès thérapeutique des patients victimes d'agression sexuelle est souvent à travers une double perspective: celle du traitement de stress post-traumatique (SSPT) et d'évitement sexuel. En légère ou modérée cas de SSPT, il ya des formes complexes où la comorbidité est plus évident et le taux d'échec thérapeutique est plus important. À l'heure actuelle des méthodes de traitement actif, basé sur l'exposition, plus particulièrement EMDR (désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement) considérée comme une thérapie brève et active, donnent de bons résultats dans le traitement de la symptomatologie traumatique. Peu d'études ont été menées sur l'évolution psychopathologique de patients ayant souffert d'agressions sexuelles et qui sont pris en charge par l'EMDR. Dans le cadre d'une étude de cas, les auteurs discutent des éléments indiquant une évolution rapide de la symptomatologie traumatique, l'évitement sexuel et de la régression de l'expression des signes de co-morbidité. [Auteur] Résumé

The therapeutic access of patients victims of sexual aggression is often through a double perspective: That of treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and of sexual avoidance. In light or moderate PTSD cases, there are complex forms in which co-morbidity is more evident and the rate of therapeutic failure is more important. At present active treatment methods based on exposure, more particularly EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) considered as a brief and active therapy, give good results in the treatment of traumatic symptomatology. Few studies have been undertaken on the psychopathological evolution of patients having suffered from sexual attacks and who are being taken care of by EMDR. Within the framework of a case study, the authors discuss elements indicating a rapid evolution of traumatic symptomatology, of sexual avoidance and of regression of the expression of the co-morbidity signs. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brief Therapy Clinical Case Study Sexotherapy Sexual Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. De Divitiis, A. M. (2010, June). Application of resource development and installation (RDI) in delivery preparation in order to prevent post partum depression. In Female issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
According to the latest statistical evidence Post-Partum Depression develops in approximately 13% of women during the second -third month after childbirth with symptoms lasting between few weeks and a year and risks of relapse. Unlike the Baby Blues (affecting 70% of mothers, with onset in the 3'd - 6" day after delivery and spontaneous recovery within approximately two weeks), likely to be caused basically by hormone modifications in the immediate aftermath of childbirth. PPD development would seem to be solely determined by psychological factors: the experience of childbirth, the surfacing of unresolved problems in the relationships with attachment figures, the change in the woman's role both in the social sphere and within the couple relationship, the fear of being unable to adequately attend to the new responsibilities (both in terms of skills and of the ability to cope with the additional workioad), etc. Consequently, women experiencing childbirth as a traumatic experience are more destabilized by the event, and therefore. at a higher risk of developing PPD. Childbirth requires the deployment of many personal resources. A woman in labor must be able to bear the pain, while having to "push", 1.e. contrast the automatic antalgic reaction (which would close the delivery channel) and "meeting the pain", during the "expulsion" phase. Considering that "Peak Performances" require moving out of a person's comfort zone and stretching a person's boundaries, childbirth experience can be rightfully considered a "Peak Performance". This work describes RDI application times and modes during Delivery Preparation in order to strengthen the different personal resources needed by pregnant women to experience her childbirth as an ego syntonic experience. In this sense, RDI associated with EMDR can be considered an actual Primary Prevention intervention, capable of teaching women something positive about themselves, thus effectively offsetting the onset of PPD. Furthermore the results of the application of this technique collected during the Post-Partum phase on 48 women will be discussed. Learning objectives: 1 identification of the specific issues predisposing the development of PTSD due to Childbirth and of Post-Partum Depression. 2. Framing Childbirth as a Peak Performance. 3 Learning RDI (Resource Development and Installation) application through Bilateral Stimuli during Delivery Preparation Courses.

Keywords: Delivery Preparation Female Issues Resource Development and Installation RDI Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. Tardy, J., & El Farricha, M. (2007, Juin). Approache Ericksonienne du traumatisme psychique et thérapie EMDR [Ericksonian approach of trauma]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Les techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne sont des outils très utiles au cours d’une psychothérapie, spécialement avec les personnes ayant connu des traumatismes répétés dans l’enfance. En effect, par le biais d’une dissociation thérapeutique, patient et thérapeute on accès à la mémoire traumatique neurobiologique et psychologique et le patient pourra (ré)experimenter la confiance dans ses propres forces naturelles.
Cependant, manié avec peu de précaution l’hypnose risqué d’aggraver la dissociation pathologique. L’association des techniques éricksoniennes et du protocole de la thérapie EMDR augmente les capacitiés de l’espirt et du corps et offre au paitent un meilleur contrôle émotionnel et un amélioration del la (ré)orientation à la réalité.
Le travail des auteurs est a situé dans le cadre de la psychothérapie brève des victimes et s’appuie sur une approche éricksonienne du traumatisme psychique et la thérapie EMDR en tant que novelle méthode thérapeutique efficace pour l’ESPT.
Mohammed El Farricha et Josette Tardy psychologues cliniciens, présenteront un apercu d’un programme de traitement psychothérapique expérimenté avec des patients en ambulatoire ces dix dernières années.
Dans cet atelier l’accent sera plus particulièrement mis sur l’apport des techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne qui semblent cliniquement efficaces et peuvent venir renforcer le protocole EMDR au cours des phases: evaluation et terminaison.
Il s’agira par exemple de démontrer comment, lors de l’évaluation, guider la personne vers la concentration interne nécessaire à une desensitisation complete? Ou encore comment mieux projeter le patient dans un future <> des limitations du traumatisme?

Ericksonian hypnosis techniques are useful tools in the course of psychotherapy, especially with people who have experienced repeated trauma in childhood. In effect, through a separation treatment, patient and therapist is memory access neurobiological and psychological trauma for the patient to (re) experiment confidence in its own natural forces. However, handled with some caution hypnosis risked aggravating the pathological dissociation. The combination of Ericksonian techniques and EMDR protocol extends the capabilities of espirt and body and offers better paitent emotional control and improvement del (re) orientation to reality. The authors' work is situated in brief psychotherapy of victims and an approach based on Ericksonian of psychic trauma and EMDR as an effective therapeutic method novella for PTSD. Mohammed El Farricha and Josette Tardy clinical psychologists, will present an overview of a program of psychotherapy experimented with outpatients in the last ten years. In this workshop the emphasis will be placed on the contribution of Ericksonian hypnosis techniques that seem clinically effective and can reinforce the EMDR protocol in phases: evaluation and termination. Some examples demonstrate how, during the evaluation, guide the person towards the internal concentration required for a complete desensitisation? Or how to better plan the patient in a future <> limitations of trauma?

Keywords: Erickson Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. Edmond, T., & Rubin, A. (2004). Assessing the long-term effects of EMDR: Results from an 18-month follow-up study with adult female survivors of CSA. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13(1), 69-86. doi:10.1300/J070v13n01_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This 18-month follow-up study builds on the findings of a randomized experimental evaluation that found qualified support for the short-term effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The current study provides preliminary evidence that the therapeutic benefits of EMDR for adult female survivors of CSA can be maintained over an 18-month period. Furthermore, there is some support for the suggestion that EMDR did so more efficiently and provided a greater sense of trauma resolution than did routine individual therapy. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. Kirsch, A., & Seidler, G. H. (2004). Ausdruck und erleben von emotionen bei der posttraumatischen belastungsstörung: Erste ergebnisse einer studie mit gewaltopfern [Expression and experience of emotion in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: First result of a study with victims]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, ZPPM 2(1), 45-60.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Emotionale Betäubung (EN) in PTSD ist ein Cluster von schwächenden Symptomen mit Problemen in der Erfahrung und dem Ausdruck von Emotionen. EN ist in drei separate diagnostischen Kriterien dargestellt: deutlich vermindertes Interesse an wichtigen Aktivitäten, Gefühle der Ablösung oder Entfremdung von anderen, und eingeschränkte Bandbreite des Affekts. Die funktionale Beziehung zwischen anderen Klassen von PTSD Symptome und EN ist nicht gut verstanden. In diesem Artikel werden verschiedene Studien diskutiert werden. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Patienten mit psychischen Erkrankungen eine spezifische Wechselwirkung Muster implementieren, die in der Gesichts-affektiven Ausdruck und äußerte sich vor allem in Gesichts-affektiven Mikro-Verhalten. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Pilot-Studie war die Analyse von Gesichts-affektive Verhalten von Patienten mit PTSD im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen. Erste Ergebnisse der ersten EMDR-Sitzungen auf Video aufgezeichnet von Patienten und psychodynamischen Interviews von gesunden Personen (keine psychische / psychiatrische Störungen nach ICD-10) wurden mit dem codierten Emotional Facial Coding System Acting, ein Instrument zur Erfassung von mimischen mit emotionaler Bedeutung. Danach wurden diese Analysen mit Blickverhalten verbunden. PTSD Patienten zeigten eine Verringerung der gesamten Mimik und eine verminderte Häufigkeit von Gesichts wirkt im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen. Unter dem Blickverhalten in Betracht, wurde es offensichtlich, dass PTSD Patienten zeigten Anteil sank gegenseitigen Blick im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen. Außerdem war der Gesichtsausdruck affektiven Ausdruck von vier Patienten (Eltern, die durch den gewaltsamen Tod ihrer Kinder beraubt) erste und letzte EMDR-Sitzung verglichen. Eine leichte Erhöhung des Gesichts affektiven Ausdruck gefunden wurde. [Autor Summary)

Emotional numbing (EN) in PTSD is a cluster of debilitating symptoms involving problems in the experience and expression of emotion. EN is represented in three separate diagnostic criteria: markedly diminished interest in significant activities, feelings of detachment or estrangement from others, and restricted range of affect. The functional relationship between other classes of PTSD symptoms and EN is not well understood. In this article different studies will be discussed. It is assumed that patients with mental diseases implement a specific interaction pattern, that is expressed in the facial affective expression and particularly in facial-affective micro-behaviours. The aim of the presented pilot-study was the analysis of facial-affective behaviour of patients with PTSD in comparison to healthy persons. First results of videotaped first EMDR sessions of patients and psychodynamic interviews of healthy persons (absence of mental/psychiatric disorder according to ICD-10) were coded using the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. Afterwards these analyses were connected with gazing behaviour. PTSD patients showed a reduction of overall facial expressions and a reduced frequency of facial affects in comparison to healthy persons. Taking the gazing behaviour into consideration, it became obvious that PTSD patients showed decreased portion of mutual gaze compared to healthy persons. Furthermore, the facial affective expression of four patients' (parents bereaved by the violent deaths of their children) first and last EMDR session was compared. A slight increasing of facial affective expression was found. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Crime Emotional Numbing Interpersonal Interaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

30. Jacome, S. (2012, Novembro). Auto-cuidade emocionais para pessoas que atendem vítimas de trauma e violência [Emotional self-care for people who assist victims of trauma and violence]. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Ao trabalhar com vítimas de Incidente Crítico pode absorver e reter o seu sofrimento emocional. Assim, o trauma psicológico de outros, pode traumatizar, também se tornando vítimas de alto risco de desenvolver sintomas de stress traumático secundário que têm o potencial de perturbar, dissolver e destruir nossas carreiras e até mesmo nossas vidas. Neste workshop os participantes irão preencher um instrumento que lhes permita auto-avaliar sua satisfação com o Trauma Burnout, compaixão e Secundário. Além disso, aprender métodos antigos e contemporâneos, para ganhar controle sobre o estresse, melhor saúde física e emocional, se sentir mais calmo, mais feliz e mais energizado.

Keywords: Trauma Victims Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Sachsse, U., & Tumani, V. (1999, November). Be borderline! A successful inpatients’ treatment program for (type II) traumatized female patients with PTSD/DES/BPD and the symptom of self-mutilation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Using therapeutic experiences from the USA (Herman, Putnam, Ross) and the Netherlands (Olthuis, van der Hart) Luise Reddemann (Bielefeld) and Ulrich Sachsse(Goettingen) developed an inpatients’ program for female and some male patients with symptoms, that result from type II traumata, fulfill the phenomenological criteria of BPD and are understood as chron. PTSD/DES. The program utilizes the coping strategies of the patients for stabilisation: splitting (building up an only good world of safety, support and shelter against the only bad, demonized world of trauma); derealisation, dissociation(imagery); depersonalisation (Qi Gong, Feldenkrais). We tell and teach our patients: Be Borderlines- but inside, not in your outer social life or your therapeutic relationship! Trauma-synthesis is done after stabilisation by trauma-exposition every two weeks (EMDR, screen-technique). The patients stay for 3-5 month, sometimes twice, with very good results.

Keywords: BPD Borderline Personality Disorder DES Females Inpatient Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Self-Mutiliation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. van Deusen, K. M. (2004, Summer). Bilateral stimulation in EMDR: A replicated single-subject component analysis. the Behavior Therapist, 27(4), 79-86.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This study attempted to determine whether the eye movement component of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was necessary to account for positive treatment effects in subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A single-subject alternating treatments design was replicated across four subjects to compare the effectiveness of EMDR with the effectiveness of a modified EMDR procedure in which the eyes remained in a natural state. The comparative procedure was chosen to eliminate the contribution of distraction and the addition of any other form of bilateral stimulation. The first hypothesis was supported. Subjects showed statistically significant pre- (baseline) to posttreatment improvement following EMDR and the modified EMDR procedure (without eye movements). The second hypothesis was not supported. While subjects significantly improved following both EMDR and the modified, without-eye-movements EMDR procedure, there were no statistically significant differences between treatments on within- or between-session measures. Instead, both treatments were found to be effective in reducing trauma and global symptoms in the four female subjects who participated in the study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Empirical Study Quantitative Study Single-Subject Componnent Analysis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Haour, F. (2009, June). Brain source imaging of the alpha rhythm in PTSD patients using the MEG technique. In K. Zaal (Chair), Research). Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In anxiety disorders, such as PTSD, brain imaging has demonstrated local modifications of functional activities using various techniques. In the present study the direct neuronal activities were measured in delta, theta and beta frequencies, using Magnetoencephalagraphy (MEG) which provides very fast temporal response. The technique is neither invasive nor stressful for the patients. Nineteen female volunteers with DSM-IV PTSD were included in the study. The protocol was a script-driven imagery provocation test, achieved with the patients sitting in the MEG apparatus. The scenarios, specific for ach patient, were composed of 4 active conditions: neutral image (N) traumatic memory (T), traumatic memory suppression (TS) and positive image (P) corresponding to 3 minutes where the patient had to imagine the corresponding sequence with eyes closed Measures of heat rate and subjective disturbance (SUD) were measured during the recoding. The MEG data were analysed in the source domain using a spatial filtering approach. Measurement of electrophysiological waves of various rhythms: delta: 1-4 Hetz (Hz), theta: 4.8-5.8 Hz, alpha: 8-12 Hz and beta: 12-25 Hz was obtained. Anatomical information was from MRI imaging. Signal of activation during trauma recall (T-N) were limited to the delta and theta waves and mainly found in the left hemisphere (visual, orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal gyrus (BA 8-9-10-11, 18-19, 22, 28) and in the right supra marginal gyrus (Wernicke BA 40). Signal of inhibition during trauma recall (T-N) were found mainly in the left hemisphere, in the delta, alpha and beta waves (visual, orbitofrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal gyrus (BA 8-9-10-11, 18-18, 22, 28), cingular cortex (BA 23-24, 31, 32), insula (BA 13) and Broca visual cortex (BA 18-19, 43-44). In conclusion trauma recall mainly induces a hypoactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and in the cingular cortices, structures linked to the experience and regulation of emotions.

Keywords: Alpha Rhythm Brain Imaging MEG Technique Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. Haour, F. (2010, June). Brain source imaging using magnetoencephalography (MEG): Modifications in various rhythms during memory recall, in PTSD patients. In Research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Magnetoencephalography MEG Memory Recall Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Rhythms Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

35. Rossello-Mir, J., Revert-Vidal, X., Obrador, P., & Cardell, E. (2007, June). Brief EMDR protocol versus bilateral stimulation in the treatment of spider phobia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR, that includes bilateral stimulation, causes the desensitization and reprocessing of traumatic memories, thus reducing anxiety, distress, fear, and other symptoms related with several anxiety disorders. Previous results show it is effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, panic disorder, public speaking anxiety, etc. Relying on some previous results we think that a brief EMDR protocol could be applied to relieve symptoms of specific phobias.
To investigate this issue, we study the efficacy of a new brief EMDR protocol in the treatment of spider phobia. Furthermore, our design tries to clarify the controversy about which components of the EMDR procedure are relevant for patient’s improvement. More specifically, we compare the effectiveness of our brief procedures with that of simple bilateral stimulation that is, without eye movements, which necessity to obtain therapeutic outcome has been questioned.
We randomly assign twenty volunteers, female university students with spider phobia to one of three groups. We applied the brief EMDR protocol to the first one and bilateral stimulation to the second one, being the third group the control one. To assess the effectiveness of both treatments, in addition to apply traditional questionnaires, we designed a specific emotional Stroop task in order to make use of this tool to evaluate, before and after each treatment, the selective attentional biases, that seem to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. We discuss the differences found in our results in reference to the controversy aforementioned and how they can help to understand the EMDR mechanism of action.

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Brief EMDR Spider Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. Hettiarachchi, M. (2007). Brief intervention for post traumatic stress disorder with combined use of cognitive behaviour therapy and eye movement desensitisation reprocessing. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 6(1), 1-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study is of a 23 year old female diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Sri Lanka, six months following the Asian Tsunami of December 2004. The intervention was conducted in a village clinic on the southern coast of the country. Treatment involved the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to monitor levels of anxiety. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to assess level of intrusion and avoidance (Horowitz, Wilner & Alvarez, 1979). Subjective Units of Distress Scores (SUDS) were obtained to assess level of distress and the Validity of Cognition Scale (VOC) used to assess accuracy of positive beliefs (Shapiro, 2001). A significant reduction in trauma symptoms, levels of distress, intrusion and avoidance were noted at post-treatment. Treatment gains were maintained at one month and nine month follow-up. The combined treatment protocol may be an effective brief intervention to use in situations that require rapid treatments to alleviate personal psychological distress in the aftermath of large scale disasters.

Keywords: Asian Tsunami Brief Intervention Clinical Case Study Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy Emotional Trauma Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. Kip, K. E., Sullivan, K. L., Lengacher, C. A., Rosenzweig, L., Hernandez, D. F., Kadel, R., Kozel, F. A., Shuman, A., Girling, S. A., Hardwick, M. J., & Diamond, D. M. (2013). Brief treatment of co-occurring post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms by use of accelerated resolution therapy. Front Psychiatry, 4(11). doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00011.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This uncontrolled prospective cohort study evaluated the use of accelerated resolution therapy (ART) for treatment of comorbid symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder. Twenty-eight adult subjects, mean age of 41years (79% female, 36% Hispanic), received a mean of 3.7±1.1 ART treatment sessions (range 1–5). ART is a new exposure-based psychotherapy that makes use of eye movements. Subjects completed a range of self-report psychological measures before and after treatment with ART including the 17-item PCL-C checklist (symptoms of PTSD) and 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). For the PCL-C, the pre-ART mean (±standard deviation) was 62.5 (8.8) with mean reductions of −29.6 (12.5), −30.1 (13.1), and −31.4 (14.04) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p<0.0001 for comparisons to pre-ART score). Compared to pre-ART status, this corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 2.37, 2.30, and 3.01, respectively. For the CES-D, the pre-ART mean was 35.1 (8.8) with mean reductions of −20.6 (11.0), −18.1 (11.5), and −15.6 (14.4) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p≤0.0001 compared to Pre-ART score). This corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 1.88, 1.58, and 1.09, respectively. Strong correlations were observed at 2-month and 4-month follow-up for post-treatment changes in PTSD and depression symptom scores (r=0.79, r=0.76, respectively, p≤0.0002). No serious treatment-related adverse effects were reported. In summary, ART appears to be a promising brief, safe, and effective treatment for adults with clinically significant comorbid symptoms of PTSD and depression. Future controlled and mechanistic studies with this emerging therapy are warranted, particularly given its short treatment duration, and in light of current heightened emphasis on health care cost constraints.

Keywords: Accelerated Resolution Therapy ART Brief Treatment Depression Exposure Therapy Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Trauma PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. Lopacka, J., & Phoeun, B. (2010, July). Building on experience: Post-typhoon trauma EMDR work in Cambodia utilising the lessons learned from Thailand's post-tsuname programme. Symposium (Carolyn L. Neunuebel, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
On September 26th 2009 Typhoon Ketsana wrought devastation on parts of the Philippines, Vietnam and Cambodia. Mindful of the hard lessons learned running a tsunami trauma programme in Thailand in 2005/06 Jane Lopacka, an EMDR therapist and training facilitator and director of Phnom Penh Counselling Centre, led and supervised a team of Cambodian MA in Clinical Psychology students who were trained in Part 1 EMDR to provide EMDR treatment to Ketsana victims. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the scope, assessment methods, treatment programme, constraints, financial issues, and challenges of the programme whilst utilising the lessons learned from Thailand’s Tsunami EMDR trauma programme. The results regarding the efficacy of EMDR in a Cambodian context will be examined using pre and post treatment data. The results include a comparison of 4 months post-treatment evaluation compared to an assessment of an equivalent random number of Ketsana victims from the same and neighbouring villages who did not receive treatment (to be completed in June 2010 as the farming season dictates). This paper will also demonstrate the utilisation of the lessons learned from Thailand’s Tsunami EMDR programme in a typhoon trauma treatment programme in Cambodia. Also, this being the students’ first exposure to trauma work using EMDR, this paper will record the experiences of the students involved. By way of conclusion this paper will identify further lessons learned in Cambodia along with recommendations regarding future feasible and manageable post-trauma work with limited resources and a small budget in a Southeast context.

Keywords: Cambodia Thailand Tsunami Typhoon

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. Khift, R. N. (1994). Building upon our foundations. Dissociation, 7(2), 79-80.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
It is easy to become demoralized in the face of repeated assaults on the credibility and legitimacy of our patients, our patients' given histories and allegations of mistreatment, and the very conditions that they suffer. As clinicians and scientific investigators working with trauma victims and dissociative disorder patients, we have found it difficult to withstand withering and venomous attacks upon our professions, our motivations, and ourselves as individuals. Although there have been some notable exceptions, the last several months have been remarkable for the video and print media' s love affair with those who protest the veracity of allegations of childhood mistreatment, and their willingness to promulgate polarized negative representations of those who allege childhood mistreatment and those who treat them. Since the New Year, I have been interviewed by a large number of reporters and journalists. Only two diverged from a rather stereotyped and weary script in which the legitimacy of the perspective of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation was assumed, and this assumption colored the majority of the dialog that transpired. I strongly suspect that matters will get worse before they improve.

Keywords: Editorial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Boèl, J. (2000, September). The butterfly hug plus drawings: Clinical and self-care applications. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify several vicarious traumatization and negative countertransference issues which commonly arise when working as a therapist with trauma victims; 2) demonstrate the use of countralateral self-stimulation and drawings based on a standard EMDR protocol applied to stressful work-related issues; and 3) describe the use of contralateral self-stimulation and drawings based on a standard EMDR protocol may be modified with individuals or groups of adults or older children.

Keywords: Butterfly Hug Drawings Groups Contralateral Self-Stimulation Work-Related Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Loris, M., & Johnson, D. R. (2001, December). Case study: Client treatment preference and imaginal exposure in three cognitive behavioral PTSD treatment. Poster presented at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This case discussion will examine the intervention of EMDR (Shapiro, 1989), Prolonged Exposure (Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs & Murdock, 1990), and the Counting Method (Ochberg, 1996) on three adult female patients with PTSD symptoms. A recent treatment outcome study of 40 female trauma victims (Johnson and Lubin, 2001 in press) comparing these three treatments finds that the efficacy of the three treatments is supported and that the element of imaginal exposure may be the critical therapeutic factor. The presentation of these three cases focuses on the issue of client’s treatment preference and client personality traits as factors which may interface with imaginal exposure in treatment efficacy.

Keywords: Counting Method Prolonged Exposure Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. McFarlane, A. (2003, October-November). CBT vs. EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. In B. A. van der Kolk (Chair), Treatment outcome studies of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment Outcome Studies of PTSD: This symposium presents three large carefully controlled treatment outcome studies using four different treatment modalities (CBT, EMDR, psychopharmacology and Cognitive Processing) and presents data on comparative efficacy, treatment responsiveness and resistance, effects on comorbidity, quality of life, and biological changes that accompany symptom improvement.

CBT vs. EMDR in the treatment of PTSD: 114 subjects were randomized into the study, but only 45 completed up to week 10. The subjects in the study comprise 45 sufferers of Post traumatic stress disorder as defined by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) (caps score > 50, and who satisfied criteria A,B,C and D for PTSD diagnosis) and the PCL-C (PCL-C>50). All subjects were victims of a traumatic experience and were recruited through newspaper or radio advertisements, referrals from private practitioners (18 subjects) or through the State Government Insurance Commission (SGIC) (27 subjects). Subjects were randomised into one of three treatments. Fourteen subjects received EMDR, 21 received CBT and 10 were control subjects. The mean age of the sample was 41.38 (SD=11.55) with the minimum age of 19 and the maximum age of 61. Sixteen of the subjects were male and 29 were female. During the treatment period 17 of the subjects were taking antidepressants and 6 were taking anxiolytics. Approximately half of the sample was married (22 subjects 48.9%), 12 had never married, 4 were separated, 1 was defacto and 6 were divorced. The mean number of treatment sessions for the entire sample was 8.53 (SD 1.65). Out of the 45 participants in the study, 26 had suffered only one single trauma in their lives, 11 had experienced several single traumas, 3 had suffered one ongoing trauma and 5 individuals had suffered at least one ongoing and one specific trauma. The following results were performed on the treatment groups (total 35 subjects), with the control group being excluded from all analyses. All subjects, were aged between 18 and 65, lived in metropolitan Adelaide and had an adequate command of English (reading and writing).All subjects gave informed consent to the study and expressed their willingness to comply with the protocol. Subjects with a history of adult seizure disorder, organic brain disease or who were assessed to be at significant suicide risk (a score of 3 or more on suicide question in HAM-D), were excluded from the study, as were subjects taking psychotropic drugs (anticonvulsive/ antipsychotic) or sedatives more than 4 times a week. All assessment and treatment sessions were conducted at the University of Adelaide Department of Psychiatry at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Assessment sessions were conducted by trained research assistants and all therapy sessions were conducted by a clinical psychologist, trained in both EMDR and CBT. Subjects were assessed for suitability to enter the study via an initial screening instrument (sent out to subjects in the post) and an initial screening interview. Patients were further evaluated at week 0 (baseline/immediately prior to commencement of treatment), 3, 4, 6, 8 10, 20 (10 week followup).

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. McLaughlin, D. F., McGowan, I. W., Paterson, M. C., & Miller, P. W. (2008, September). Cessation of deliberate self harm following eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: A case report. Cases Journal, 1, 177-180. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-1-177.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
We present a case report of an eighteen year old female patient presenting with a psychological trauma related complaint. Part of the manifestation of the complaint included acts of self cutting over a number of years. Following two sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing with one of the authors (DM) her self cutting ceased. This is maintained at thirteen months follow up. We conclude that Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing may be an effective treatment option in reducing repeat self harm where traumatic events are noted to be the precursor to deliberate self harm.[Author abstract]

Keywords: Self Harm

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Wesselmann, D., & Potter, A. E. (2009). Change in adult attachment status following treatment with EMDR: Three case dtudies. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3),178-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.178.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Three case studies illustrate pre- and post-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) adult attachment status as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Two adult males and one adult female presented for outpatient therapy; all of them were categorized with an insecure or disorganized attachment status at pretreatment. All presented with symptoms of depression and anxiety and complaints regarding problems in their current marital and family relationships. The three patients received 10 to 15 EMDR sessions over the course of approximately 1 year, interspersed with talk therapy sessions for the purpose of debriefing and psychoeducation. The EMDR approach utilized all eight phases of treatment within the three-pronged approach. Following EMDR therapy, all three patients made positive changes in attachment status as measured by the AAI, and all three reported positive changes in emotions and relationships. This article provides an overview of the literature related to adult attachment categories and summarizes the effect of adult attachment status on emotional and social functioning. The rationale and scoring procedures for the AAI are explained.

Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Outcome Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. Frustaci, A., Lanza, G. A., Fernandez, F., di Giannantonio, M., & Pozzi, G. (2010). Changes in psychological symptoms and heart rate variability during EMDR treatment: A case series of subthreshold PTSD. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(1), 3-11. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.1.3 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Elevated psychophysiological parameters and heightened physiological reactivity to trauma-related cues are acquired changes following trauma exposure. Measuring improvement in these variables is an appropriate evaluation of outcome in treatment studies. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a computerized measure of physiological responsivity derived from Holter ECG recording. Four female outpatients with persistent post-traumatic symptoms and personal impairment following “small t” trauma exposure underwent a course of EMDR treatment and were assessed at baseline, end of treatment, day 30 and day 90 of followup, using self-report symptom scales and 90-min Holter ECG recordings. Symptom scores decreased between baseline and end of treatment, with improvement maintained at follow-up. Several HRV measures changed favorably in different recording intervals. HRV is a feasible and sensitive method to measure physiological changes in the treatment of individuals distressed by “small t” trauma. Further investigation is advisable to expand these preliminary data.

Keywords: Case Series Heart Rate Variability HRV IES Small T Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Helen. (2011, February). Child abuse and voice hearing: Finding healing through EMDR. Psychosis Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches, 3(1), 90-95 doi:10.1080/17522439.2010.542827.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Public education campaigns are needed to proclaim the right of children to be safe in their own homes and to encourage both abusers and victims to seek help. Broad-based discussion of this problem, its causes, its consequences and its remedies, would help lift the veil of secrecy and shame that surrounds the topic of sexual abuse within the family, preventing many individuals from seeking assistance. We therefore urge that all means, including the media, be used to raise public awareness about the need to end the sexual abuse of children, particularly within the family. (Rights of The Child: Sexual abuse of children within the family. Statement submitted by the Baha’i International Community to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, February 1998). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Child Abuse Voice Hearing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. BBC. (2012, April 1). Childhood abuse victims given light therapy. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-17893954 on 5/1/2012.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
NHS [Ms] Forth Valley's head of behavioural psychotherapy, Therese McGoldrick, said victims of childhood sexual, physical and emotional abuse often found it difficult to speak about what they had suffered. [Excerpt]

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Outlaw III, L. (2006, October 3). Children need to hear they're safe. Chambersburg, PA: Public Opinion, Local.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
"EMDR has been very helpful for rape victims, flood victims and others exposed to violence," Leaman said. "A lot of times, children affected by violence need (to undergo) a desensitizing process."

Keywords: Chambersburg, PA Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Carinci, A. J., Mehta, P., & Christo, P. J. (2010, April). Chronic pain in torture victims. Current Pain Headache Reports, 14(2), 73-79 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Torture is widely practiced throughout the world. Recent studies indicate that 50% of all countries, including 79% of the G-20 countries, continue to practice systematic torture despite a universal ban. It is well known that torture has numerous physical, psychological, and pain-related sequelae that can inflict a devastating and enduring burden on its victims. Health care professionals, particularly those who specialize in the treatment of chronic pain, have an obligation to better understand the physical and psychological effects of torture. This review highlights the epidemiology, classification, pain sequelae, and clinical treatment guidelines of torture victims. In addition, the role of pharmacologic and psychologic interventions is explored in the context of rehabilitation.

Keywords: Chronic Pain Torture Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. Bednar, J. (2010, March 29). Clearing the block: Eye-movement technique helps patients overcome psychological traumas. BusinessWestnline, 26(24), 51-54.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The engineer was recalling all this as he began a behavioral-health technique known as eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), which helps victims of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other types of psychological trauma to overcome the mental burden of disturbing events.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. Loris, M., & Johnson, D. R. (2001, December). Client treatment preference and imaginal exposure in three cognitive behavioral PTSD treatments. Presentation at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This case discussion will examine the intervention of EMDR (Shapiro, 1989), Prolonged Exposure (Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs & Murdock, 1990), and the Counting Method (Ochberg, 1996) on three adult female patients with PTSD symptoms. A recent treatment outcome study of 40 female trauma victims (Johnson and Lubin, 2001 in press) comparing these three treatments finds that the efficacy of the three treatments is supported and that the element of imaginal exposure may be the critical therapeutic factor. The presentation of these three cases focuses on the issue of client’s treatment preference and client personality traits as factors which may interface with imaginal exposure in treatment efficacy.

Keywords: Imaginal Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. Baker, N., & McBride, B. (1991, August). Clinical applications of EMDR in a law enforcement environment: Observations of the psychological service unit of the L.A. County Sheriff’s Department. Presentation at the Police Psychology (Division 18, Police & Public Safety Sub-section) Mini-Convention at the 99th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Crime victims, police officers, fire fighters, and field workers who are no longer disturbed by the aftereffects of violent assaults and/or the stressful nature of their work.

Keywords: Crime Victims Field Workers Fire Fighters Law Enforcement Police Officers

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. Davis, N. (1998, July). Combining visual imagery and EMDR to treat traumatic symptoms of rape, child abuse, and sudden loss of a loved one. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) how to use visual imagery are a part of EMDR with rape victims who are terrified of their rapist; 2) how to use visual imagery as a part of EMDR with adults, adoelscents, and children who have been abused as a way of empowering them; and 3) how to implant a positive memory of a loved one who died suddenly once EMDR has eliminated the negative flashbacks or images associated wth death.

Keywords: Child Abuse Loss Rape Visual Imagery

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. Lipke, H. (1997, November-December). Commentary on the Bates et al. report on eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11(6), 599-602. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(97)00044-3.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In their 1996 paper, Bates, McGlynn, Montgomery, and Mattke were critical of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an effective method of behavior therapy. The present commentary challenges the Bates et al. review of the literature, and the implementation of EMDR used in reaching their conclusions. Evidence is offered to support the clinical use of EMDR.

Keywords: Commentary Female Spider Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. Williams, K. (2006, August). A comparative experimental treatment outcome study: Female survivors of sexual assault suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and trauma-related guilt – self-report and psychophysiological measures. Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, CAN.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Diverse psychotherapeutic approaches for treating trauma-related sequelae have emerged over the last several decades in response to the widespread prevalence of sexual assault and resultant posttraumatic stress disorder among women (PTSD). In a recent formal study (Grace, 2003), a newer treatment called one eye integration (OEI) has been shown to be effective for traumatized individuals. The purpose of this study was to build upon those findings by comparing the effectiveness of two treatments for reducing PTSD symptoms with a breathing, relaxation, autogenics, imagery, and grounding (BRAIN) control condition. Twenty-seven female rape or sexual assault survivors who met the criteria for PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Text-Revision, (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000) were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) a neurologically-based therapy called OEI, (b) an information processing model referred to as cognitive processing therapy-revised (CPT-R), or (c) a control condition (BRAIN), PTSD, depression, and trauma-related guilt symptoms were assessed pretreatment, posttreatment and at 3-month follow up, and qualitative electroencephalography (qEEG) brainwave patterns of two regions of the scalp (frontal and parietal) were measured pre and posttreatment. The following dependent measures were used: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and t he Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI). Though there were no significant differences in PTSD symptoms between groups from pretreatment to post treatment assessments, a significant difference occurred between pretreatment and 3-month follow up, with OEI manifesting greater reductions than CPT-R or BRAIN. There were no significant differences between groups in depression, but there was a reduction in BDI-II scores over time. Reduction in guilt-related symptoms occurred on several scales and subscales for all three groups over time from pretreatment of posttreatment assessments, though not significantly by group. A significant difference was found for the Global Guilt subscale at 3-month follow up, with greater improvement for the OEI group. Preliminary results from cortical brain activity assessments indicate typical qEEG asymmetry patterns for PTSD and depression, though there were no significant group differences apart from minor post hoc analyses. Implications of these findings for clinical work and directions for future research were discussed.

Keywords: Depression Female Guilt Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sexual Assault Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Oncley, P. R. (1992). A comparison of eye movement desensitization and implosion-like therapy with adult victims of sexual abuse. Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA. AAT 9302718.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a recently developed technique that has been reported in the literature to be effective in treating many of the symptoms associated with PTSD. This study investigated the role of saccadic eye movements in this technique by utilizing a multiple-baseline, across subjects design with 4 adult victims of childhood sexual abuse.Eye movement desensitization conditions (EMD) were compared to non saccadic eye movement conditions (NM) utilizing a Latin square design over one treatment session. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-R) and the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID) were used for initial diagnosis and screening. Treatment effectiveness between the intervention phase and 1 week follow-up was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the PTSD Symptom Checklist. Skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate, and subjective units of distress (SUDS) were assessed during pretreatment, treatment, posttreatment, and follow-up phases. Results showed no significant differences across subjects among SCR, heart rate, and SUDS between the EMD and NM conditions. IES and PTSD Symptom Checklist follow-up data showed symptom improvement for 3 of the 4 subjects. One subject's intrusive symptoms worsened. All subjects displayed less physiological reactivity to the traumatic imagery at follow-up. Mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of EMD and recommendations for future study were discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Arousal Child Abuse Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Ironson, G., Freund, B., Strauss, J., & Williams, J. (2002, January). Comparison of two treatments for traumatic stress: A community-based study of EMDR and prolonged exposure. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 113-128. doi:10.1002/jclp.1132.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This pilot study compared the efficacy of two treatments for PTSD: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Prolonged Exposure (PE). Data were analyzed for 22 patients from a university-based clinic serving the outside community (predominantly rape and crime victims) who completed at least one active session of treatment after three preparatory sessions. Results showed both approaches produced a significant reduction in PTSD and depression symptoms, which were maintained at three-month follow-up. Successful treatment was faster with EMDR as a larger number of people (7 of 10) had a 70% reduction in PTSD symptoms after three active sessions compared to 2 of 12 with PE. EMDR appeared to be better tolerated as the dropout rate was significantly lower in those randomized to EMDR versus PE (0 of 10 vs. 3 of 10). However all patients who remained in treatment with PE had a reduction in PTSD scores. Finally, Subjective Units of Distress (SUDS) ratings decreased significantly during the initial session of EMDR, but changed little during PE. Postsession SUDS were significantly lower for EMDR than for PE. Suggestions for future research are discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Empirical Study Meta Analysis Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. de Keijser, J., Denderen, M., & Verster-Bosman, M. (2013, April). Complicated grief and PTSD after murder, etiology and treatment: Research into treatment with EMDR and CBT in relatives of murder [Complexe rouw en PTSS na moord, etiologie en behandeling: Onderzoek naar behandeling met EMDR en CGT bij nabestaanden van moord]. Presentatie op het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Directe nabestaanden van slachtoffers van moord krijgen vaak te maken met een PTSS en gecompliceerde rouw. De Rijksuniversiteit Groningen is, met medefinanciering door het Fonds Slachtofferhulp, een onderzoek gestart naar de vraag of professionele hulp effectief is. Het onderzoek kent twee doelstellingen: In hoeverre draagt een behandeling bestaande uit EMDR en CGT voor familieleden en partners van een vermoord persoon bij aan het verminderen van symptomen van gecompliceerde rouw. Daarnaast hoopt het onderzoek inzicht te krijgen in de mate waarin het effect van de behandeling met EMDR en CGT gemedieerd wordt door een afname van intrusies, vermijdingsgedrag, extreme woede en disfunctionele cognities. In de presentatie komen drie sprekers aan het woord: - Jos de Keijser, klinisch psycholoog/psychotherapeut en projectleider van het onderzoek, zal een theoretisch kader schetsen over gecompliceerde rouw en PTSS bij nabestaanden na moord, inclusief implicaties voor de praktijk. - Mariette van Denderen, criminologe en promovendus, zal de resultaten van de behandelingen met EMDR en CGT tot nu (dan) toe presenteren. - Moniek Verster, een van de behandelaren in het onderzoek, zal over de praktijk van het toepassen van EMDR en CGT bij nabestaanden van moord vertellen. Casuïstiek komt aan bod, indien mogelijk met gebruikmaking van videofragmenten.

Immediate relatives of murder victims often have to deal with PTSD and complicated grief. The University of Groningen, with co-financing by the Fund Victim, launched an investigation into whether professional help is effective. The study has two objectives: To what extent does a treatment consisting of EMDR and CBT for family members and partners of a murdered person to reducing symptoms of complicated grief. Additionally this study aims to understand the extent to which the effect of the treatment with EMDR and CBT is mediated by a decrease of intrusions, avoidance behavior, extreme anger and dysfunctional cognitions. During the presentation, three speakers to talk: - Jos de Keijser, clinical psychologist / psychotherapist and leader of the research, a theoretical framework sketches about complicated grief and PTSD in survivors after murder, including implications for practice. - Mariette of Denderen, criminologist and researcher, the results of the treatment with EMDR and CBT until now (then) to present. - Moniek Verster, one of the practitioners in the study, will the practice of using EMDR and CBT in relatives of murder tell. Casuistry is discussed, where possible using video clips.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Complicated Grief Murder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Schmitt, A. (2011). Conséquences des violences conjugales sur la santé psychologique des victimes, prise en charge par la thérapie EMDR [Consequences of domestic violence on the psychological health of victims, taking care by EMDR therapy]. Université de Metz, Metz, France.

Language: French

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Les violences conjugales représentent un problème de santé public majeur. En 2011, en France, tous les 2.5 jours, une femme meurt sous les coups de son compagnon. Les violences conjugales résultent de la conjonction de facteurs individuels, conjugaux, sociaux mais également culturels, qui seront détaillés dans cette recherche qui présentera également l'état de l'art concernant les conséquences de ces violences, leurs possibilités de prise en charge et la thérapie EMDR. Quatre études ont été menées dans cette recherche. La première porte sur les conséquences des violences conjugales auprès d'un public de femmes bénéficiant d'un accompagnement social. Il s'agissait d'apporter une contribution aux résultats déjà observés dans la littérature. La seconde étude porte sur la prise en charge de 5 femmes ayant vécu un évènement traumatique en couple et s'étant séparées de leur agresseur. La thérapie EMDR donne des résultats véritablement encourageants, ce qui nous amène à la tester auprès d'un public plus lourdement traumatisé, ayant vécu des violences conjugales d'intensité et de nature variable, durant de nombreuses années (étude 3). Les résultats de l'étude 3 mettent en évidence l'importance de l'adaptation de l'outil thérapeutique à la problématique de la victime et les limites de l'utilisation de l'EMDR auprès de certains types de publics, dont les victimes de violences conjugales. Une analyse de contenu des séances EMDR nous a permis d'affiner nos analyses grâce à une vignette clinique présentée dans l'étude 4. De plus, des personnes n'ayant pas pu être intégrées dans le protocole expérimental ont malgré tout été suivies, ce qui permet une réflexion autour de l'adéquation de la méthode thérapeutique et du cadre expérimental à la victime grâce à une étude de cas, également présentée dans l'étude 4. Toutes ces observations permettront l'émergence de suggestions concernant la prise en charge des victimes de violences conjugales.

Domestic violence represents a major problem for public health. In France, every 2,5 days, a woman dies by the hands of her partner. Domestic violence is the result of the conjunction of individual, domestic, social and also cultural factors to be detailed in this research that will also present the state of art, regarding the consequences of this violence, its means of management and EMDR therapy. Four studies were led in this research. The first one is about the consequences of domestic violence for a group of women benefiting from social support. The idea was to bring a contribution to the results already observed in literature. The second study is about the caretaking of five women who experienced a traumatic event during their couple life, and then split up with their molester. EMDR therapy gives really encouraging results, and it led us to test it with a public more heavily traumatized, who lived intensity and variable violence during many years (study 3). The results of the third study highlight the importance of the adaptation of the therapeutic tools to the problematic of the victim, and the limits of the use of EMDR with some public, included the victims of domestic violence. An analysis of the EMDR sessions content allowed us to refine our analyses thanks to a clinical "vignette" showed in study 4. Moreover, people that could not be included in the experimental protocol were all the same followed up, allowing a reflection around the appropriateness of the therapeutic method and of the experimental frame to the victim thanks to a case study, also presented in study 4. All these observations will allow the emergence of suggestions concerning the caretaking of the domestic violence victims.

Keywords: Domestic Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. Rothbaum, B. O. (1996, November). A controlled study of EMDR for PTSD rape victims. Presentation at the annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress, San Francisco, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. Rothbaum, B. O. (1997, Summer). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 61(3), 317-334.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a new method developed to treat PTSD. This study evaluated the efficacy of EMDR compared to a no-treatment wait-list control in the treatment of PTSD in adult female sexual assault victims. 21 subjects were entered and 18 completed. Treatment was delivered in 4 weekly individual sessions. Assessments were conducted pre- and posttreatment and 3 months following treatment termination by an independent assessor kept blind to treatment condition. Measures included standard clinician- and self-administered PTSD and related psychopathology scales. Results indicated that subjects treated with EMDR improved significantly more on PTSD and depression from pre- to posttreatment than control subjects, leading to the conclusion that EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD in this study. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

62. Resick, P., Monson, C., Griffin, M., Rothbaum, B., Rasmusson, A., & Shalev, A. (2006, November). Cortisol pre and posttreatment with EMDR or prolonged imaginal exposure in PTSD assault survivors. In Psychobiology and Treatment of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 22nd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Fall Conference, Hollywood, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Psychobiological treatment of PTSD: This symposium will examine four CBT treatment studies with regard to biological markers. The questions here are whether pretreatment psychobiology or physiological responding can be used to predict treatment outcome, or whether they themselves change as a result of effective treatment.

Cortisol pre and posttreatment with EMDR or prolonged imaginal exposure in PTSD assault survivors: Many studies have noted increased cortisol production in trauma survivors with PTSD, but it is not clear whether effective treatment alters these responses. As part of a larger study, 60 female sexual assault survivors with PTSD began one of two types of cognitivebehavioral treatment (Prolonged Exposure (PE) or EMDR). Each treatment consisted of nine sessions. Sessions 1 and 2 included information gathering, trauma education, and therapy preparation. Sessions 3 through 9 consisted of processing traumatic memories and emotions via either imaginal exposure or EMDR.To examine potential cortisol changes over the course of treatment, salivary cortisol samples were collected at three time points during treatment. A baseline sample was taken at session 1, a second sample was taken at the start of the treatment portion of therapy (session 3), and a third sample was taken at the end of treatment (session 9). Of the original sample of 60 participants, 50 women completed treatment, and ten dropped out. Cortisol responses will be examined in treatment responders and non-responders as well as in treatment completers vs. treatment dropouts.

Keywords: Cortisol Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Imaginal Exposure Assault PSTD Survivors Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

63. Gerardi, M., Rothbaum, B. O., Astin, M.C., & Kelley, M. (2010, June). Cortisol response following exposure treatment for PTSD in rape victims. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(4), 349-356. doi:10.1080/10926771003781297.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study examined changes in salivary cortisol levels pre-to-post-treatment in adult female rape victims diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) randomly assigned to be treated with either Prolonged Exposure Therapy or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Salivary cortisol was collected at baseline, session 3, and session 9. A significant decrease in salivary cortisol levels was observed in individuals classified as treatment responders in both treatment conditions. Findings suggest that successful exposure-based treatments for PTSD which result in trauma-related and depressive symptom reduction may impact the action of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as measured by changes in level of salivary cortisol from pre-to-post-treatment.

Keywords: Rape Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

64. Chard, K. M., & Gilman, R. (2005, August). Counseling trauma victims: 4 brief therapies meet the test. Current Psychiatry, 4(8). 50, 55-58, 61-62, 64.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Therapists once believed trauma survivors required years of treatment, yet we now know that relatively brief cognitive-behavioral interventions can yield long-term gains in psychosocial and psychological function. Many psychiatric patients meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD, including: 33% of women experiencing sexual assault, 30% of male war veterans, and 30% of the 5 million U.S. children exposed to trauma each year. The authors offer recommendations on how to prepare traumatized adults and children for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and discuss four tested models -- prolonged exposure (PE), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and stress inoculation training (SIT) -- that psychiatrists may find effective when treating PTSD. [Adapted from Text] [Pilots]

Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

65. Solomon, R. M. (2008). Critical incident interventions. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 160-165. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.160.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A response to the question: "I have been asked to respond to community tragedies. What critical incident interventions are commonly used?" [Adapted from Text, p. 160]. [Pilots]

Keywords: Critical Incident Critical Interventions Interventions Recent Events Stressors Survivors Victims Services

Accuracy Verified: Yes

66. Tol, W. A., Jordans, M. J. D., Regmi, S., & Sharma, B. (2005, June). Cultural challenges to psychosocial counselling in Nepal. Transcultural Psychiatry, 42(2), 317-333. doi:10.1177/1363461505052670.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article describes the way in which the practice of psychosocial counselling was adapted culturally to the context of Nepal within the Centre for Victims of Torture, Nepal (CVICT). After a brief description of the Nepali setting and CVICT’s counselling and training approach and the relationship of its psychosocial counselling intervention with existing methods of dealing with psychosocial problems, the cultural challenges of implementing psychosocial counselling and our response to them are sketched along with concepts deemed important in psychosocial counselling. A discussion follows in which the authors’ stance on the export of psychosocial counselling to non-western cultures is outlined.

Keywords: Centre for Victims of Torture Cross-Cultural Nepal Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

67. Young, W., Puk, G., & Rouanzoin, C. C. (1995, June). Current trends using EMDR in dissociative disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop covers the screening, diagnosis, treatment and pitfalls encountered in using EMDR in Dissociative Disorders. The unexpected finding of dissociative disorders among trauma victims using EMDR requires therapists to be able to recogme and screen for dissociative conditions. Under special circumstances, these patients may have negative reactions which the EMDR therapist should be prepared to manage. Treatment requires a strong alliance, an awareness of dissociation and the management of patients' abreactions. Treatment guidelines have been established for using EMDR which can guide therapists as our expmence with dissociative disorders evolves. A careful informed consent should be obtained and an assessment of the patient's inner resources made so that ffagile patients with histories of chronic trauma are not inadvertently injured. Further, EMDR is not designed as a tool for "memory work" but for the reduction of distress for events or experiences already known. Lectures, discussions, handouts and video tape demonstrations show the application of EMDR in a variety of conditions. The results of a pilot study using EMDR in 15 patients with 33 target symptoms will be presented. In this limited sample, between 50% and 60% of patients achieved significant reduction of their distress levels on selected targets. A variety of responses occurred including fusions, generalization effects, and establishmg inner dialogue. In addition, a variety of problems arose resulting in treatment failures or cessation of EMDR. These include such reactions as flooding, escalation of anger, paranoia and resistance to the treatment. The implications of these findings suggest that cautious patient selection and use of EMDR has a potential use and that as research in this population continues, strategies for overcoming problem areas can be developed.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

68. Knipscheer, J., van Middendorp, H., & Kleber, R. (2011, August). De rol van cultuur in het omgaan met psychotrauma [The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 125-131.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma In this paper, the theme of the special issue on Culture and Trauma is introduced. In both empirically oriented articles as well as theoretical and contemplative contributions, the role of culture and migration context in the development of psychological problems following trauma, culture-specific or generic coping with the consequences, help-seeking behavior, and the need for culturally sensitive treatment is explored. First, the influence of the migration context is considered with regard to the possible sickening role of the asylum procedure, the burden for immigrant women who have undergone female genital mutilation and now live in a society that seriously condemns it, and the dilemma of Islamic migrants who experience homosexual feelings while living in a secularized society. Following are some contributions on cultural diversity in the expression of trauma symptoms, like somatization among refugees and the articulation of rage and embitterment among labor migrants. The impact of trauma in combination with migration on families and how children can be affected by the traumatization of their parents is the topic of two contributions in which the role of the (extended) family is explored and a contextual approach to working with families with trauma-related symptoms (a mentalization based multifamily therapy) is described. The factors that impede therapyseeking behaviour and drop-out are discussed in a study on Moroccan or Turkish girls who were raped. Finally, the applicability and efficacy of evidence-based interventions for treating ethnic minority patients with posttraumatic stress disorder is illustrated by a study on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing with refugees and an article on specific elements of intercultural trauma therapy that appear to be culturally sensitive.

Keywords: Asylum Procedure Cultural Diversity Culture Ethnic Minority Patients Female Genital Homosexuality Islamic Migrants Mentalization-Based Multi-Family Therapy Mutilation Migration Context Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotrauma Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

69. Horton, H. (2011, June). Dealing with self-distress. Occupational Health, 63(6), 20-22.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The author, a nurse and victim of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for her service in Iraq, explains how to deal with the condition. She provides statistics on health practitioners who suffer from the condition, and describes a form of treatment for it called eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR). She explains how victims and their families are affected by PTSD, and describes the symptoms people should look out for in order to recognize the condition. She also provides an overview of its history and diagnosis.

Keywords: Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

70. Berendsen, S. & de Jongh, A. (2006, November). Debriefing of EMDR: Praten en afwachten, of verwerking versnellen? [Debriefing and EMDR: Talking and wait, or processing speed?]. Presentatie aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Netherland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In de afgelopen 20 jaar is het aanvankelijke enthousiasme over debriefing en andere vormen van opvang na schokkende gebeurtenissen onder invloed van wisselende onderzoeksresultaten behoorlijk getemperd doordat de effectiviteit steeds meer ter discussie kwam te staan. De inleiders zullen een overzicht geven van de verschillende vormen van vroege hulp na schokkende gebeurtenissen en uiteenzetten hoe men hierbij geconfronteerd werd met het volgende dilemma: • Aan de ene kant mogen interventies het natuurlijke verwerkingsproces niet belemmeren. Zo kan het stimuleren van slachtoffers om direct over hun gedachten en gevoelens te praten conform het CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) model van Mitchell (1983) het risico vergroten dat zij overweldigd worden door de ervaring, hetgeen contraproductief kan werken. Omdat de meeste mensen (70 à 80 %) op eigen kracht herstellen raden de invloedrijke NICE richtlijnen uit 2005 ‘watchfull waiting’ aan: het monitoren van het beloop van de posttraumatische stressreacties bij slachtoffers en het therapeutisch interveniëren wanneer een diagnosticeerbare stoornis tot ontwikkeling komt. • Aan de andere kant zal zo vroeg mogelijk hulp geboden moeten worden aan zogenaamde ‘hoog-risico’ slachtoffers: dit zijn mensen waarvan direct duidelijk is dat ze niet zo maar op eigen kracht zullen herstellen. Vroege hulp is erop gericht om het lijden te bekorten en de ontwikkeling van secundaire problemen te voorkomen (zoals werkverzuim c.q.-verlies, relatieproblemen en middelenmisbruik). De inleiders stellen dat niet afgewacht moet worden totdat na 4 weken een PTSS gediagnosticeerd kan worden en dan pas therapeutisch te interveniëren. Bediscussieerd zal worden hoe vroeg na een schokkende gebeurtenis (enkele dagen tot weken) bij indringende herbelevingen (nare beelden met hoge SUD nivo’s) EMDR effectief ingezet kan worden (dit zal geïllustreerd worden met casuïstiek en videobeelden). Het doel is om bij de ‘laag risico’ mensen het natuurlijke verwerkingsproces te versnellen en bij de ‘hoog risico’ mensen een verwerkingstoornis te voorkomen.

Over the past 20 years, the initial enthusiasm for debriefing and other forms of relief after shocking events under the influence of changing research properly tempered by the effectiveness is increasingly being called on them. The speakers will give an overview of the various forms of early support after traumatic events and explain how this was confronted with the following dilemma: • On the one hand, the interventions do not impede natural process. Thus, encouraging victims to direct their thoughts and feelings to talk according to the CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) model of Mitchell (1983) increase the risk that they are overwhelmed by the experience, which is counter-productive work. Because most people (70 to 80%) on its own restore suggest the influential NICE guidelines 2005 'watchful waiting' to: monitoring the course of posttraumatic stress reactions in victims and therapeutic intervention when a diagnosable disorder develops. • On the other hand, as early as possible should be offered help in so-called high-risk victims, these are people whose right it is clear that not just on their own recovery. Early help is designed to minimize suffering and to the development of secondary problems occur (such as absenteeism or loss, relationship problems and substance abuse). The speakers that should not wait until 4 weeks after a diagnosis of PTSD can be and then therapeutic intervention. Discussed will be how soon after a shocking event (several days to weeks) in penetrating reliving (unpleasant images with high levels SUD's) EMDR can be used effectively (this will be illustrated with case studies and video). The goal is to "low risk" people's natural process to speed up and at 'high risk' people to avoid a processing disorder.

Keywords: Debriefing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

71. Errebo, N. (2010, July). A decade of EMDR humanitarian trainings in Asia. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In 1999, EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) began its work in Asia in Bangladesh. Since then HAP teams have trained clinicians in India, Indonesia, China, Thailand, Sri Lanka. This presentation will summarize what has been learned from ten years of experience in Asia. The EMDR HAP training in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami will be presented in detail. Issues addressed will include needs assessment, organization, collaboration among organizations, ethics, cultural competence ,and program evaluation. Videotapes will show training and sessions of trainees with tsunami survivors. The presentation will show how to train participants to think, write, and speak about EMDR as well as how to competently and ethically utilize EMDR with clients. An EMDR training program was conducted as a joint project of three organizations: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP), International Relief Teams (IRT), and the Sri Lankan National Counselors Association (SRILNAC). Between March and December 2005, 30 Sri Lankan counselors were trained in EMDR. These counselors demonstrated competence in EMDR on several measures, treated more than 1,000 children and more than 350 adult tsunami victims with EMDR in 2005, provided narrative reports and outcome measures for most of their clients, and formed the Sri Lanka EMDR Association (SEA). The crucial steps in establishing and implementing this training program are explained, with a summary of the subjective impressions and learning experiences most valued by the training team, including an excerpt from a trainer’s journal. This information may be useful to future cross-cultural humanitarian efforts following large-scale disasters. This article summarizes the crucial steps in establishing and carrying out this training program as well. Previous HAP programs in Bangladesh and Turkey (Konuk et al., 2006) had led to the development of a model of therapist training and service delivery following large-scale natural disasters. Great need for mental health treatment in developing countries following a disaster and the even greater challenge of delivering effective, culturally competent mental health treatment in these situations. Silove and Bryant (2006) praised the rapid needs assessment after the tsunami as an important advancement in psychiatric epidemiology that demonstrated the value of such assessment in guiding mental health interventions after disasters.They pointed out that the controversy over whether to offer psychological treatment after disasters confuses funding agencies and those planning mental health programs after disasters. Their concerns were echoed in Raphael and Stevens’s (2006) delineation of the emerging consensus about good mental health practice after disasters in an article that was not a part of the Bangkok symposium. IRT directors, EMDR-HAP staff, and SRILNAC leaders discussed crucial political, ethical, economic, and logistical decisions in conference calls and e-mails. They outlined a program that would be responsive to the culture and needs of Sri Lanka, would provide world-class EMDR training and consultation, and would follow International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) guidelines for mental health programs in post disaster situations (Weine et al., 2002). Following the funding mandate of IRT, the HAP team took responsibility for ensuring that services would in fact be delivered to tsunami survivors and that those services would be clinically effective. Therefore, requirements for continuing participation were quite specific, and trainees were more thoroughly evaluated than in previous HAP projects. These 30 counselors treated more than 1,350 tsunami survivors with EMDR between March and December 2005 and submitted outcome reports on these sessions that show marked improvement in PTSD symptoms. We know from e-mail contact that a number of participants continue to use EMDR effectively. As mentioned Important elements of the HAP training program in Sri Lanka included (a) adequate funding, (b) selection of trainees, (c) negotiation of objectives among HAP,IRT, and SRILNAC, (d) the pre-EMDR training in traumatology, (e) the consultation between trainings,(f ) the requirements for ongoing participation in the training, (g) a variety of measures of competence in EMDR, (h) the continuing, ongoing consultation with trainees, and (i) dedication. A project like this is expensive. IRT received.

Keywords: Asia HAP Humanitarian Assistance Programs Trainings

Accuracy Verified: Yes

72. Shapiro, F., & Mousnier-Lompré, F. (2005). Des yeux pour guérir: EMDR: La thérapie pour surmonter l’angoisse, le stress et les traumatisms [Eye to heal: EMDR: Therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress and trauma]. Paris: Seuil.

Language: French

Format: Book

Abstract:
Tout le monde connaît désormais la thérapie introduite en France par David Servan-Schreiber dans son livre Guérir. Cette nouvelle thérapie appelée EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) consiste pour l'essentiel à refaire vivre au patient victime d'un événement traumatique la scène terrible qui est à l'origine de sa souffrance, en lui faisant faire des mouvements oculaires provoquant une diminution progressive du stress. Les résultats sont incontestables, mais la raison des progrès enregistrés reste énigmatique. Peut-être s'agit-il d'une reconstruction ce la mémoire profonde du même ordre que celle qui se produit dans le sommeil paradoxal (où le dormeur connaît des mouvements oculaires analogues). Cette thérapie a été fondée par Francine Shapiro, du célèbre institut de Palo Alto. Ce livre fondateur raconte l'origine de sa découverte, donne des interprétations scientifiques possibles et surtout décrit de nombreux cas exemplaires où cette thérapie s'est révélée efficace. Il est de ce fait très poignant. On y rencontre une femme ayant perdu son fils de huit ans dans un accident de train et accablée par l'image terrifiante du corps disloqué de l'enfant, des anciens combattants du Vietnam hantés par les images terribles de la guerre, des victimes de viol... Et surtout on y voit comment ces personnes, emprisonnées dans leur souffrance, ont pu s'en affranchir et retrouver un équilibre psychologique.

Everyone now knows the therapy introduced in France by David Servan-Schreiber in his book Healing. This new therapy called EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitizer & Reprocessing) is essentially to re live the patient suffered a traumatic event the terrible scene which is at the origin In his pain, making him make eye movements causing a gradual decrease of stress. The results are undeniable, but the reason of progress remains enigmatic. Perhaps it is a reconstruction of the deep memory similar to that which occurs in sleep REM (where the sleeper knows movements eye like). The therapy was founded by Francine Shapiro, the renowned institute Palo Alto. This seminal book describes the origin of his discovery, provides interpretations possible scientific and especially describes many exemplary cases where this therapy has proven effective. It is therefore very poignant. We meet a woman who lost her eight year old son in a train accident and overwhelmed by the terrifying image of the broken body of the child, the Vietnam veterans haunted by the terrible images of war, victims of rape ... And especially we see how these people trapped in their suffering, have overcome them and regain a psychological equilibrium.

Keywords: Anxiety, General Overview Stress Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

73. Erdmann, C. (2005). Die beeinflussung chronischer schmerzen durch psychologische, schmerztherapisverfahren und EMDR [The influence of psychological chronic pain, chronic pain procedures and EMDR]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Das in den 80er Jahren von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro veröffentlichte Verfahren EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) beinhaltet als zentrale Komponente, dass die Aufmerksamkeit des Patienten sich auf eine traumatische Erinnerung und die damit verbundenen Gedanken und Gefühle richtet, während gleichzeitig rhythmische Augenbewegungen induziert werden. (Shapiro 1998) EMDR eignet sich signifikant gut zur Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Störungssyndrom, meistens bestehend aus vegetativer Übererregtheit, Erstarrung, Schlaflosigkeit, Angst und Depression, das häufig auftritt nach sehr belastenden Ereignissen oder starken Bedrohungen, wie z.B. schweren Unfällen, Naturkatastrophen, Folter, sexuellem Missbrauch, Vergewaltigungen, usw. Das Störungsbild der PTBS zeigt große Ähnlichkeiten mit dem Chronischen Schmerzsyndrom. Chronischer Schmerz kann als eigenständiges Trauma gelten mit dem eigenen Körper als Opfer und Täter. Oft finden sich auch Traumata im Vorfeld oder begleitend. Chronischer Schmerz ist signifikant assoziiert mit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung, mit Angsterkrankungen, Depressionen und weiteren psychischen Störungen. EMDR wird inzwischen auch mit guten Erfolgen eingesetzt bei anderen Erkrankungen, z.B. Suchterkrankungen, Depressionen, Angst- und Zwangsstörungen. Überzeugende Erfolge stellen sich ein bei der Behandlung auch sehr kleiner Kinder mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Erkrankungen. (Tinker, Wilson 1999) Bislang gibt es aber noch relativ wenig Forschungen über die Wirksamkeit von EMDR bei Akutschmerz, bei Chronischem Schmerz und im Bereich der Psychosomatik. Es ist allerdings bekannt, dass EMDR sich bei Akutschmerz eignet zum Abbau der den Schmerz häufig begleitenden Angst und darüber hinaus bei Chronischem Schmerz zur Erhöhung der Schmerztoleranz, zu mehr Entspannung, zu positiven kognitiven Strategien, zu Desensibilisierung und zur Ablenkung. (Groth, Rogers 1994). EMDR führt zu nachweislichen neurologischen Veränderungen und damit einhergehenden vom Patienten berichteten positiven Veränderungen im Beschwerdebild. (van der Kolk 2000) EMDR lässt sich nach ersten Untersuchungen ebenfalls erfolgreich einsetzen zur Behandlung von Phantomschmerzen. (Wilson nach Tinker, Wilson 2000).

That in the 80s by the American psychologist Francine Shapiro published procedures EMDR (Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing) includes as a central component that the patient's attention on a traumatic memory and associated thoughts and feelings directed, while rhythmic eye movements be induced. (Shapiro 1998) EMDR is significantly well to the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is a disorder syndrome, consisting mostly of vegetative over-arousal, numbness, insomnia, anxiety and depression that occurs very often after stressful events or severe threats, such as serious accidents, natural disasters, torture, sexual abuse, rape, etc. The disorder of PTSD shows great similarities with the chronic pain syndrome. Chronic pain can be considered as a separate trauma of his own body as victims and perpetrators. Often also found in the run or incidental trauma. Chronic pain is significantly associated with post traumatic stress disorder, with anxiety disorders, depression and other mental disorders. EMDR is now used with good results in other diseases, such as Addiction, depression, anxiety and compulsive disorders. Convincing results are adapting to treat even very young children with different mental disorders. (Tinker, Wilson 1999) So far there is relatively little research on the effectiveness of EMDR in acute pain, Chronic pain and in the field of psychosomatic medicine. However, it is known that EMDR is suitable for acute pain to reduce the pain often associated with anxiety and also to increase the pain Chronic pain tolerance, more relaxation, positive cognitive strategies to desensitization and distraction. (Groth, Rogers 1994). EMDR leads to demonstrable neurological changes resulting from the patient and reported positive changes in symptoms. (Van der Kolk 2000), after initial investigations EMDR can also be used successfully to treat phantom pain. (Wilson to Tinker, Wilson 2000).

Keywords: Chronic Pain Chronic Pain Protocol Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

74. Chen, C. H. & Chang, S. H. (2009). Dismantling effect of eye movement and positive cognition components of EMDR on the treatment of cockraoch phobias. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This dismantling study investigated the therapeutic effects of eye movement and positive cognition components on phobias. Forty female Ss with cockroach phobias received a single therapy session. The therapy conditions constituted a 2 (eye movement/non eye movement) × 2 (treatment procedure: positive cognition installed/negative cognition prolonged) between subject design. The results revealed that all groups showed significant therapeutic effects according to macro therapeutic indices and with regard to some micro indices such as SUDs, HRs and VOCs for negative cognition. However, VOCs for positive cognition were significantly increased only for the eye movement group. The findings suggested that although exposure itself might be effective in treating phobias, eye movement could further promote participants’ VOCs for positive cognitions at the second treatment stage, probably by facilitating information processing.

Keywords: Coackroach Phobia Dismantling Study Positive Cognition

Accuracy Verified: Yes

75. Fraser, G., & Welburn, K (1999, November). Dissociative table technique: Guided imagery strategy for PTSD with dissociation. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In keeping with the theme of bridging gaps across disciplines, the Dissociative Table Technique brings to this trauma conference a strategy from the field of dissociative disorders. This therapeutic adjunct has been used by many therapists over the past 10 years for managing dissociated ego states in trauma victims who also have dissociation as part of their clinical picture. This strategy has been used with dissociative disorders, Ego-State therapy and more recently in conjunction with EMDR for patients having dissociative state alterations in addition to their PTSD. This guided imagery strategy provides a protocol for clinical intervention in such clients and will provide an additional therapeutic adjunct for trauma workers when PTSD is complicated by dissociative pathology. Based on gestalt, guided imagery and hypnosis strategies, the Dissociative Table Technique assists the clinician to bring order to the random dissociation which can complicate therapy in such cases. Also clients can be taught to become aware of and integrate dissociated ego states. This strategy must be carefully considered as it can have a profound effect on the dissociative processes. It is advised that it only be employed by clinicians whose fields permit hypnosis-based therapy.The workshop will commence with a therapeutic rationale for this technique followed by an outline of the clinical application. Included will be a video introducing the technique in a clinical case. The video will be followed by a second speaker discussing possible applications to EMDR. Useful suggestions for utilizing EMDR in this trance-prone population (those with dissociation in addition to PTSD) will be addressed in addition to presenting clinical examples in which the Dissociative Table Technique was integrated with EMDR in appropriate clinical groups.

Keywords: Dissociative Table Technique Dissociation Guided Imagery Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

76. Lockhart, S. (2009, June 16). Do the eyes have it?. Psychology Today.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
A few years ago, my friend Ally, who had a somewhat unwarranted confidence in my knowledge of Things Psychological, asked if I knew anything about EMDR; she had suffered some severe childhood trauma, and was thinking of trying it. "EMDR?" I asked, "Is that a new street drug?" I guess that showed her what I knew. She explained that her therapist had suggested this relatively new technique, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, that had been shown to ease symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in soldiers and rape victims. From what she understood, the therapist would help her to focus on her devastating memories of childhood abuse while directing her eyes to twitch rapidly from side to side. This, according to her shrink, would help her to better "process" her memories. "Sounds like hypnotism," I expertly analyzed. "Who knows, maybe it will work." More recently, when I wrote here about the neurobiological advantages of emotionally "finding a safe place," several readers also wrote in to ask me about EMDR. Now I understand why people want an expert opinion (and I'm no expert, by the way): a heap of controversy surrounds this popular technique.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

77. Kleinman, M., & Kleinman, M. (1998, July). The dynamics of family violence: Its impact on women and children: Using EMDR to treat victims and perpetrators. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) understand the subtleties and complexities of abusive relationships; 2) be able to assess children for subtle signs of abuse and coercion, including brainwashing; 3) be taken through a case of successful treatment of a perpetrator; 4) be able to employ EMDR with victims of domestic vilence to "unhook" them from a controlling partner; 5) know the strategic points to address therapeutically with children growing up in these families and how to use EMDR to process past trauma and to restore self esteem; 6) better understand what makes an abuser "tick" and to assess whether or not to use EMDR with perpetrators; and 7) gain a fuller understanding of domestic violence.

Keywords: Brainwashing Children Domestic Violence Family Violence Perpetrators Victims Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

78. Quinn, G. (2010, July). Early interventions. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s : EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations.(2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and man made disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.

Keywords: Early Interventions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

79. Kutz, I., Dekel, R., Schreiber, S., Resnick, V., Dolberg, O. T., Barkai, G., Leor, A., Rapoport, E., & Bloch, M. (2008, November). The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Early diagnosis and intervention in mass casualty events: Since September 2000, Israeli and Palestinian societies suffered great losses. on the Israeli side, civilians of all ages, and ethnic groups, have been exposed to various types of terrorist attacks. This symposium examines issues of diagnosis and interventions

The effect of a single session of EMDR on intrusive distress in acute stress syndromes: Purpose: To examine the efficacy of a single session of a modified abridged EMDR protocol in reducing Acute Stress Syndromes (ASS) following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Methods: Treatment was provided, in a general hospital inpatient and out-patient setting to 86 patients with ASS. Friday: 11:00 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. Presenters are underlined and discussants are italicized. If serving in both roles, they are both underlined and italicized. Findings: Fifty percent reported immediate fading of their intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of their distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms, while 23% reported no improvement. Four week and six month follow-up, in the terror victims group only, showed that the immediate responders remained symptom free, while half of the non-responders, who also received subsequent additional interventions modalities, were still symptomatic. Conclusions: The difference in response may be attributed, in part, to the fact that immediate responders tended to have an uncomplicated ASS with fewer risk factors for PTSD, while the non-responders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention in uncomplicated cases and offer a psycho-physiological hypothesis for immediate response. While additional controlled studies are essential, this immediate symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Bombings Israel Palenstine Panel Symposium Terrorists

Accuracy Verified: Yes

80. Nakahara, T., Nakahara, K., Uehara, M., Koyama, K., Li, K., Harada, T., Yasuhara, D., Taguchi, H., Kojima, S., Sagiyama, K., & Inui, A. (2007, May). Effect of juggling therapy on anxiety disorders in female patients. doi:doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-10. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 1(10), 1-4.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juggling therapy for anxiety disorder patients. Design and Method: Subjects were 17 female outpatients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders. Subjects were treated with standard psychotherapy, medication and counseling for 6 months. For the last 3 months of treatment, subjects were randomized into either a non-juggling group (n = 9) or a juggling therapy group (juggling group: n = 8). The juggling group gradually acquired juggling skills by practicing juggling beanbags (otedama in Japan) with both hands. The therapeutic effect was evaluated using scores of psychological testing (STAI: State and Trate Anxiety Inventry, POMS: Profile of Mood Status) and of ADL (FAI: Franchay Activity Index) collected before treatment, 3 months after treatment (before juggling therapy), and at the end of both treatments. Results: After 6 months, an analysis of variance revealed that scores on the state anxiety, trait anxiety subscales of STAI and tension-anxiety (T-A) score of POMS were significantly lower in the juggling group than in the non-juggling group (p < 0.01). Depression, anger-hostility scores of POMS were improved more than non-jugglers. In the juggling group, activity scores on the vigor subscale of POMS and FAI score were significantly higher than those in the non juggling group (p < 0.01). Other mood scores of POMS did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that juggling therapy may be effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Females

Accuracy Verified: Yes

81. Kutz, I., Resnik, V., & Dekel, R. (2008). The effect of single-session modified EMDR on acute stress syndromes. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 190-200. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.190.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A single session of a modified, abridged EMDR protocol was provided in a general hospital inpatient and outpatient setting to 86 patients with acute stress (AS) syndrome suffering from intrusion distress following accidents and terrorist bombing attacks. Fifty percent reported immediate fading of intrusive symptoms and general alleviation of distress, 27% described partial alleviation of their symptoms and distress, while 23% reported no improvement. Partial and nonresponders were provided with or referred for more comprehensive treatment. At 4-week and 6-month follow-up, the immediate responders in the terror victims group remained symptom free. The immediate responders tended to have uncomplicated AS symptoms with fewer risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while the nonresponders had higher exposure to former traumas and endorsed more risk factors for PTSD. These results support other anecdotal reports on the rapid effects of brief EMDR intervention on intrusive symptoms in early uncomplicated posttraumatic cases. Although more controlled studies are essential, this immediate method for symptomatic relief may be a potential addition for focused interventions in acute trauma victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Intrusions Mass Casualty Event MCE Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

82. Edmond, T. E., Rubin, A., & Wambach, K. G. (1999, June). The effectiveness of EMDR with adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Social Work Research, 23(2), 103-116.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A randomized experimental evaluation found support for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. 59 women were assigned randomly to one of three groups: (1) individual EMDR treatment (six sessions); (2) routine individual treatment (six sessions); or (3) delayed treatment control group. A MANOVA was statistically significant at both posttest and follow-up. In univariate ANOVAs for each of four standardized outcome measures EMDR group members scored significantly better than controls at posttest. In a three-month follow-up, EMDR participants scored significantly better than routine individual treatment participants on two of the four measures, with large effect sizes suggestive of clinical significance. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Self Efficacy Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

83. Altan Aytun, O., Ozcan, G., Ciftci, A,. Konuk, E. Yuksek, H., Karakus, D., Cavusoglu S., & Vatan Ozcelik, D. (2010, June). The effects of early EMDR interventions (EMD and R-TEP) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In Treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Presenter: Filiz Kaya
The present study is carried out within a psychological counseling project which is governed by Istanbul metroplitan Municipality. The study was designed to assess the effects of Early EMDR Intervention (EEI) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Gungoren, Istanbul. Subjects were the victims of a terrorist bombing in Gungoren, Istanbul. The participants were selected from a pool of children and adults, who lived in Gungoren and scored high on the Turkish version of 'Impact of Event Scale' (IES) and PTSD Symptom Checklist. The subjects were contacted 2 days after the bomb attack so that we were able to measure the event impact right after the traumatic experience, which will help us to demonstrate how EMDR affects the impact of the event more accurately. Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) as an EEI technique was used to treat the child participants, whereas Recent Traumatic Event Protocol (R-TEP) which incorporates the EMD and Recent Event (RE) protocols, was received by the adult participants The therapists (EMDR certified therapists, who were receiving supervision) met with the participants weekly to work only on the trauma of the bombing and participants completed impact of Event Scale prior to each session. The number of the sessions was restricted to the completion of EMD and R-TEP. The study is completed with a three month follow-up. Analyses of the data collected from the participants demonstrates the level of effectiveness of EMDR in children and adults, in prevention of PTSD and the use of EMDR as a crises intervention tool.

Keywords: Acute Stress Bombing Early Interventions EMD Istanbul Recent Events R-TEP Symposoium Terrorism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

84. Istanbul Metropole Municipality. (2009, June). The effects of early interventions (EMD) and (R-TEP) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In A. de Jongh (Chair), PTSD research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Bombings Early Intervention EMD, R-TEP Istanbul Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Recent Events Research Symposium Terrorist

Accuracy Verified: Yes

85. Wills, S. M., & Kraber, G. (2001, December). The effects of exposure-based therapy on attitudes about guilt in Vietnam combat veterans. Poster presented at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There has long been consistent agreement that guilt has both cognitive and affective dimensions. Cognitive components of guilt can be seen in the errors of logic and resulting faulty conclusions that trauma victims often make about their roles in traumatic events. The present investigation will present outcome data on the Changing Attitudes About Guilt in a group of Vietnam Combat Veterans who were treated in a 20-week program that included a combination of Cognitive Processing group therapy and individual Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). The ten veterans participated in a structured, time-limited trauma group in which they addressed issues peripheral to combat exposure in 20 weekly 90-minute group sessions. Each individual group member also underwent a minimum of theree individual EMDR sessions to process traumatic combat experiences. The Kubany Attitudes About Guilt Inventory was administered at the beginning of the group prior to EMDR sessions and again at the final session of group. Post-group follow up data is also included in this presentation.

Keywords: Combat Group Therapy Poster Veterans Vietnam

Accuracy Verified: Yes

86. Konuk, E., Knipe, J., Eke, I., Yuksek, H., Yurtsever, A., & Ostep, S. (2006, August). The effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of the 1999 Maramara, Turkey, earthquake. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(3), 291-308. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.13.3.291.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As part of a program of response to the 1999 Marmara, Turkey, earthquake, an estimated 1,500 trauma victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were treated in tent cities with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). A field study evaluating a representative group of 41 participants with diagnosed PTSD indicated that a mean of five 90-minute sessions was sufficient to eliminate symptoms in 92.7% of those treated, with reduction in symptoms in the remaining participants. Significant reductions occurred between the pre and posttreatment PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report version (PSS-SR) total scores and all subscales. These gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The same pattern of recovery was observed regardless of the use or nonuse of psychotropic medication at the time of intake.

Keywords: Developing Countries Disaster Response Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Follow-up Study Field Study Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Recent Events Survivors Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

87. Farkas, L. (2008, December). The effects of motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) - Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on traumatized adolescents with conduct problems. Universite de Montreal, Canada. AAT NR55659.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Objective.- This dissertation explored the effectiveness of a treatment package, Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) in combination with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This intervention was assessed in a sample of traumatized adolescents manifesting conduct problems (CPs) admitted to youth protective services. CP adolescents have been found to be particularly treatment-resistant and the treatments used with them often neglect to target the trauma that many of these youths have faced. Therefore, it seemed promising to implement a trauma-focused treatment with these youths that accounts for their resistance to treatment. MASTR-EMDR was studied with this population due to the favorable findings in the few studies assessing its use with high-risk populations. In addition to examining the effects of this treatment with CP youth exposed to various types of trauma, a particular focus was given to victims of sexual abuse (SA). This type of trauma seemed particularly suited for EMDR due to its circumscribed nature, which may be more easily worked through in this treatment that targets one trauma at a time.
Method.- Participants in the first study were 40 adolescents (ages 13-17) exhibiting CPs and exposed to trauma in youth protective services. A subsample (n = 30), consisting of victims of SA, was included in the second study. Participants in both studies were randomly assigned to MASTR-EMDR treatment or to a wait list condition where they were offered routine care. Self-report questionnaires and semi- structured interviews were administered to participants and one of their parents or caregivers by independent evaluators at three points in time: pre-treatment, post-treatment (12 weeks later) and follow-up (12 weeks after post-treatment). These measures evaluated trauma history, trauma-related sequelae, CPs, social competence and internalizing problems. The MASTR-EMDR sessions were administered once a week over a 12 week period, with each session lasting a maximum of 1.5 hours.
Results.- ANCOVAs and repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to assess treatment effects and the maintenance of gains at a 3-month follow-up. As predicted, MASTR-EMDR led to significant gains in outcome measures compared to routine treatment with both samples. In addition, gains were maintained at follow-up.
Conclusions.- This dissertation supports the use of MASTR-EMDR in populations exposed to general trauma and SA who exhibit CPs. This research was innovative in its implementation of a novel treatment-approach in youth protective services, where empirically-supported treatments are necessary and sometimes lacking. Therefore, the results have both clinical and scientific value and can help pave the way toward more trauma-focused treatments for CP youth, more evidence-based practices in youth protective services as well as enrich current understanding of the effects of this treatment approach.[Author Abstract]

Keywords: Conduct Problems Protective Services Psychotherapeutic Techniques Trauma Treatment Outcome Youth

Accuracy Verified: Yes

88. Taylor, J. E., & Harvey, S. T. (2009, September-October). Effects of psychotherapy with people who have been sexually assaulted: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(5), 273–285. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.03.006 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper presents the results of a meta-analysis of the treatment outcome studies of different types of psychotherapeutic approaches for sexual assault victims experiencing PTSD or rape trauma symptoms. There were 15 outcome studies identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis dating from 1988–2005, and these studies comprised 25 treatment conditions. Separate meta-analyses were conducted according to study design (independent samples and repeated measures), in keeping with meta-analytic conventions. The overall results for the two meta-analyses were highly consistent, and effect sizes were in the large range for independent samples (g=.91) and repeated measures treatments (g=.90). Effects were maintained at follow-up from 6–12 months after treatment. Studies represented diverse treatment approaches, and most treatments were effective in improving outcome according to symptom reduction. A number of moderating variables were examined. Better outcomes were achieved with individual therapy compared to group approaches. The use of semi-structured approaches and homework techniques were positively related to the magnitude of effect size. [Science Direct]

Keywords: Meta-analysis Outcome Rape Sexual assault Therapy Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

89. Coch , I. (2012, June). The effects of trauma on gender. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The main aim of this work is primarily centred on the concept of trauma (PK and PS) and their influences to the psychological parameters of the population. In order to understand these relations, the study is split in two parts. First, whether there could be some type of correlation between trauma with some other variables (HY, MF, D and Es) or not. And, to analyse any similarities and differences in relation to trauma arising from within the two groups, female and male.

Keywords: Gender Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

90. Swiney, U. M. (2004). The efficacy of EMDR for survivors of a natural disaster: Intervention after Hurricane Floyd. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. AAT 3129821.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered effective for civilian PTSD, but no controlled evaluation of EMDR, or any other treatment for PTSD, has been conducted with adults in a natural disaster context. Following Hurricane Floyd, 8 individuals from disaster-torn North Carolina communities were randomly assigned to 6 sessions of EMDR or a 1-month waiting list followed by treatment. All of the predominantly Caucasian, female participants met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and half reported moderate to severe levels of depression. Participants completed standardized self-report measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety before and after the waiting period, or before, during (Session 4), and after the 6-week intervention. The principal investigator (PI) and blind assistants conducted a PTSD symptom interview before and after treatment and waiting period. Weekly progress was monitored with additional PTSD and depression self-report measures. The PI, a Level II-trained EMDR therapist, provided treatment. Treatment integrity, assessed by undergraduate assistants following an established checklist, was good.Compared to the untreated control condition, EMDR produced significantly larger decreases in self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms, and tended to promote greater improvement in observer-rated PTSD. However, random effects regression analyses of the secondary PTSD measure failed to detect a significant difference between the two groups. In contrast, random regression analyses confirmed a significant decrease in depression during treatment compared to the control condition. Controlled effect sizes for PTSD symptoms were large and compared favorably to research with other trauma populations. Nevertheless, despite sizeable reductions in symptoms, many clients continued to report elevated levels of PTSD even after treatment. In addition, despite random assignment, the average age of the two groups differed, and age was non-significantly but negatively associated with change in PTSD symptoms. This association, and the small size of this sample, limit the interpretation and generalizability of these findings. Thus, while results tentatively support extending EMDR to disaster survivors with depression and PTSD, this work is best considered as preliminary data. Research with a larger sample remains necessary to better evaluate both the impact of treatment and the potentially more complex treatment needs of this population. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(4-B), 2004, pp. 2116.

Keywords: Adults Americans Depressive Disorders Females Hurricane Floyd Hurricanes Posttraumatic Stress Disorders PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Recent Events Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

91. Wilson, S. A., Tinker, R. H., & Becker, L. A. (1994). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Treatment for trauma victims. Presentation at the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Fall Conference, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The effects of three, 1.5 hour eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) sessions on traumatic memories of 80 subjects were studied. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatment or delayed treatment conditions and to one of give licenses therapists trained in EMDR. Subjects receiving EMDR showed decreases in presenting complains and in anxiety, and increases in positive cognitions (all ps < .006). Subjects in the delayed treatment groups showed no improvement on any of these measures prior to treatment (all ps > .05). After treatment, the delayed treatment group showed similar improvement on all measures. These effects were maintained at the 90-day follow-up.

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

92. Shapiro, F. (1989, April). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(2), 199-223. doi:10.1007/BF00974159.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the recently developed Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure on traumatic memory symptomatology. 22 subjects suffering from symptoms related to traumatic memories were used in the study. All had been victims of traumatic incidents concerning the Vietnam War, childhood sexual molestation, sexual or physical assault, or emotional abuse. Memories of the traumatic incident were pivotal to the presenting complaints which included intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, sleep disturbances, low self-esteem, and relationship problems. Dependent variables were (1) anxiety level, (2) validity of a positive self-statement/assessment of the traumatic incident, and (3) presenting complaints. These measures were obtained at the initial session and at 1- and 3-month follow-up sessions. The results of the study indicated that a single session of the EMD procedure successfully desensitized the subjects' traumatic memories and dramatically altered their cognitive assessments of the situation, effects that were maintained through the 3-month follow-up check. This therapeutic benefit was accompanied by behavioral shifts which included the alleviation of the subjects' primary presenting complaints. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Anxiety Combat Incest Memories Molestation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Survivors Trauma Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

93. Fátima Panangeiro, M. F., Torres, A. F. S., Fernandez, R. M., & Trajano, S. R. (2012, Novembro). Eicácia do EMDR na prevenção e cura do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em vítimas de terremoto [Efficacy of EMDR in the prevention and treatment of PTSD with victims of an earthquake]. In comunicações de pesquisa. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introdução: Sabemos que quando uma pessoa vivencia um incidente crítico, essa exposição tem impacto considerável sobre seu funcionamento global. Assim, para assegurar a recuperação dos militares brasileiros que estavam no Haiti, escolhemos a técnica EMDR criada pela Dra.Francine Shapiro, que encontra respaldo teórico em descobertas recentes no campo neuropsicológico para realizar as intervenções. Justificativa: O EMDR é uma técnica eficaz, que permite que o trauma armazenado na memória de curto prazo passe para a memória de longo prazo, uma vez que com os estímulos criam-se novas conexões neurais que trazem alívio, paz e aceitação. Atualmente existem mais de 20 estudos randomizados que apoiam sua eficácia. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da técnica EMDR na recuperação de vítimas de terremoto no Haiti, que apresentavam Transtorno Estresse Pós-Traumático e/ou Transtorno Estresse Agudo. Método: O estudo foi realizado com 14 militares sobreviventes do terremoto ocorrido no Haiti em janeiro de 2010, divididos em dois grupos: A (soterrados) e B (não soterrados). Foram utilizados para avaliação: entrevista inicial entrevista inicial e final, os testes IES- Escala de Impacto de Eventos e ISSL - Inventário de Sintomas de estresse de Lipp (antes e após a intervenção), EMDR, e reencontro (follow-up) seis meses após o último atendimento. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados obtidos no IES, os sujeitos que tinham o nível de estresse entre grave, moderado e leve, passaram após a intervenção para o nível leve e recomendado. Em relação aos sintomas físicos e emocionais (flashbacks, insônia, pesadelos, agressividade, instabilidade de humor e aumento no consumo de álcool), os sujeitos não apresentavam mais a queixa ao término das intervenções. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados apresentados podemos afirmar que o EMDR é uma técnica eficaz para resolução do transtorno estresse pós-traumático, assim como na sua prevenção, em vítimas de terremoto.

Introduction: We know that when a person experiences a critical incident, such exposure has considerable impact on their overall functioning. Thus, to ensure the recovery of the Brazilian military who were in Haiti, we choose the EMDR technique created by Dra.Francine Shapiro, who finds theoretical support in recent discoveries in the field to perform neuropsychological interventions. Rationale: The EMDR is an effective technique that allows the trauma stored in short-term memory to pass the long-term memory, since with the stimuli it creates new neural connections that bring relief, peace and acceptance. Currently there are more than 20 randomized trials that support its effectiveness. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of EMDR technique in the recovery of victims of the earthquake in Haiti, which had Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and / or Acute Stress Disorder. Method: The study was conducted with 14 military survivors of the earthquake in Haiti in January 2010, divided into two groups: A (buried) and B (not buried). All patients were evaluated: initial initial interview and final interview, tests IES-Impact of Events Scale and ISSL - Symptom Inventory stress Lipp (before and after the intervention), EMDR, and reunion (follow-up) six months after the last treatment. Results: According to the results of the IES, the subjects who had the stress level between severe, moderate and mild, passed after the intervention to the level recommended lightweight. Regarding the physical and emotional symptoms (flashbacks, insomnia, nightmares, aggression, mood instability and increased consumption of alcohol), subjects no longer had the complaint at the end of the interventions. Conclusions: Based on the presented results we can state that EMDR is an effective technique for resolution of post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as its prevention, earthquake victims.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Brazil Earthquake Haiti Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention PTSD Treatment Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

94. Quinn, G. (2012, June). EMDR & acute stress syndrome/EMDR in early intervention - Immediate ERP treatment following trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress and often are likely to develop PTSD. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s: EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within minutes to hours of exposure to trauma. Learning objectives: Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of history-‐ taking and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. A pilot study (in press) will be presented showing effectiveness at possibly preventing PTSD 2 years later compared to “treatment as usual”

Las víctimas del trauma inmediato frecuentemente exhiben “terror silencioso” o estrés extremo y a menudo son susceptibles de desarrollar TEPT. El Procedimiento de Respuesta en Emergencia (ERP), descrito en el Manual de Catástrofes de los Programas de Asistencia Humanitaria (HAP) y en el libro de EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) ha sido desarrollado para lidiar con víctimas de desastres naturales y causados por el hombre a los minutos u horas de haber sido expuesto al trauma. Objetivos de aprendizaje: Los participantes de este taller aprenderán cómo responder a los clientes en los momentos siguientes al trauma, utilizando PRE. Esto se entenderá en el contexto general de los principios de los Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos. Este mismo enfoque básico se puede utilizar en el caso de una abreacción fuerte durante la fase inicial en la que se realiza la historia del paciente y antes de la Fase de Preparación de EMDR o en otras ocasiones durante el tratamiento cuando los pacientes muestran reacciones emocionales fuertes. De manera similar, el tratamiento con PRE puede considerarse también para pacientes que muestran este “terror silencioso” o estrés extremo durante el tratamiento inicial llevado a cabo por los servicios de asistencia en emergencias en la escena del accidente o en las ambulancias de camino a las instalaciones médicas. Un estudio piloto (en prensa) será presentada mostrando la efectividad de la posibilidad de prevenir el TEPT 2 años después comparándolo con “tratamiento habitual.”

Keywords: Acute Stress Syndrome Early Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

95. Shapiro, F. (1999). EMDR - Grundlagen und praxis: Handbuch zur behandlung traumatisierter menschen [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Basic principles, protocols, and procedures]. Paderborn: Junfermann Verlag GmbH & Co.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
EMDR ist eine zeitsparende, umfassende Methode zur Behandlung traumatischer Erfahrungen, die die Ursache vieler Pathologien sind. Als integratives Therapiemodell, das verhaltenspsychologische, kognitive, psychodynamische, körperorientierte und systemische Elemente umfaßt, ermöglicht EMDR, in relativ kurzer Zeit tiefreichende und stabile Resultate zu erzielen. Die EMDR-Behandlungssequenz, die acht Phasen umfaßt und Augenbewegungen sowie andere Methoden der Rechts-Links-Stimulation nutzt, hilft Trauma-Opfern bei der Aufarbeitung beunruhigender Gedanken und Erinnerungen. Dieses umfassende Basiswerk zum Thema EMDR gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung und Erforschung der neuen Methode und ist eine unverzichtbare Lektüre für alle Kliniker und Forscher, die sich für die Arbeit mit Trauma-Opfern interessieren.

EMDR is a time-saving, comprehensive method for the treatment of traumatic experiences, which are the cause of many diseases. As an integrative therapy model includes the behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, body-oriented and systemic elements, EMDR allows to achieve in a relatively short time, profound and stable results. The EMDR treatment sequence that includes eight stages, and uses eye movements as well as other methods of left-right stimulation helps trauma victims in the processing disturbing thoughts and memories. This comprehensive work based on EMDR provides an overview of the development and exploration of the new method and is an essential reading for all clinicians and researchers interested in working with trauma victims

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

96. Stowasser, J. E. (2007). EMDR and family therapy in the treatment of domestic violence. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 243-261). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Domestic violence (DV) has been defined as a pattern of verbal and physical behavior intended to control another person in an existing, former, or desired intimate relationship (Walker, 1979). Although DV is not confined to heterosexual unions or to males as abusers, this chapter focuses on heterosexual males as offenders because 85% of DV is directed by men toward women (Rennison & Welchans, 2000). This chapter discusses integrating Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1995, 2001) and Therapy of Social Action (TSA) in the treatment of couples with domestic violence issues. A case example is then presented. The concluding discussion asserts that TSA and EMDR appear to be a powerful combination for the treatment of DV. When used with carefully selected couples, EMDR and TSA can repair the damage caused to the victims, strengthen relationships, inhibit abuser and victim tendencies in children, eliminate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), increase personal responsibility, develop nonviolent conflict resolution skills, and increase empathy for self and others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Therapy of Social Action

Accuracy Verified: Yes

97. Anton, A. (1995). EMDR and Meniere's disease. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(3), 12.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Client was a college level female music voice major under extreme stress over ringing in her ears who anticipated taking a voice final examination. She successfully underwent treatment with sessions of EMDR.

Keywords: Meniere's Disease

Accuracy Verified: Yes

98. Martin, A. (1995). EMDR and Meniere’s disease. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(3), 12.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
On March 6,1995, a female client, age 26, came in presenting extreme stress about performance anxiety in anticipation of her music halin voice. (She was a music major with a vocal emphasis at the state college where I am a counselor.) The client's complaint was that she could not hear many of the notes on the piano to sing due to the ringing and white noise in her ears.

Keywords: Meniere’s Disease

Accuracy Verified: Yes

99. Adler-Tapia, R. (2009, January). EMDR and the treatment of childhood depression: Findings from a pilot study. Presentation at the 23rd Annual San Diego International Conference on Child & Family Maltreatment.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This article describes a study initially designed to assess the ability of therapists to adhere to the Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) protocol with children two to ten years of age. Child subjects in the study were administered pre and post test measures to assess for trauma, as well as, emotional and behavioral symptoms. Initial results indicate a reduction in depressive symptoms following the child subject’s participation in the EMDR research protocol. Even though the children in this study were identified victims of crime, the children did not demonstrate symptoms of post-traumatic stress based on standardized measures; however, the children did demonstrate symptoms consistent with depression. After participating in the research protocol, the children’s depressive symptoms were no longer exhibited at post-treatment assessment. This study is limited by the small number of children included in the study; however, the unanticipated treatment outcomes identified in this study suggest that future research needs to assess the efficacy of EMDR treatment for children displaying symptoms of childhood depression.

Keywords: Children Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

100. Levin, C. (1992, July). EMDR and the treatment of partners of survivors of sexual abuse. Presentation at the Fourth World Congress on Behaviour Therapy, Queensland, Australia .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Although there are estimated to be millions of survivors of child sexual abuse, little has been said about the partners of these survivors and the extreme difficulties which they encounter. Awe believe that these partners are “vicarious” victims of child sexual abuse themselves. As the survivor begins to deal with the issues of his/her own sexual abuse, it catalyses experiences of guilt, shame, rage, feelings of dissociation, fear, sadness, resentment, etc. The victim’s feelings towards the family or origin and the perpetrator is both emotionally draining and reoccupying to the detriment of the current relationship. The partner may be blamed for lack of understanding and caring and, almost certainly, the quality of the sexual relationship changes for the worse. Often, as the victim bombards the partner with disparaging comments and temper tantrums, the partner may begin a process of emotionally distancing. The survivor experiences this distancing as a further injury and the relationship continues a downward spiral.

Keywords: Partners of Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

101. Renssen, M. (1998, July). EMDR and victims of motor vehicle accidents. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Special attention will be focused on: 1) treatment aspects of EMDR and motor vehicle accident victims; 2) phobic complaints; and 3) psychosomatic complaints.

Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accident Phobic Complaints Psychosomatic Complaints

Accuracy Verified: Yes

102. Tarquinio, C. (2010, June). EMDR applied for traumatic bereavement after train collision. In Accident victims. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The aim of these exploratory study is to test the application of therapy EMDR in case of traumatic bereavement. The traumatic bereavement, which corresponds to the brutal loss of "other significant", answers a precise clinical picture whose principal characteristics are the intrusive thoughts concerning the late one and of the difficulties of adjustment to the loss (feeling of vacuum, difficulties of recognizing the death, irritability, lack of reactivity, etc.). The 8 participants all of this study are of the took peace on October 12, 2006 in Zoufftgen. The subjects, old on average 35.2 years ( S D = l I . l ) and including 75% women, followed between 8 to 15 meetings (m=10.75, SD = 2.21) answering protocol EMDR The effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated starting from several criteria including traumatic bereavement, anxiety, depression and psychological distress. Five evaluations were carried out: before the therapy (TO), after six meetings (TI), at the end of the therapy (T2), then in three months (T3) and twelve months (T4) after the end of the therapy. The principal results seem to indicate an effectiveness of the therapy EMDR. Indeed, we observe a reduction in all the indicators between the beginning (TO) and the end of the therapy (TI). Moreover, when this reduction does not continue to three and twelve months, it remains, at least, stable at one year. These observations are very encouraging especially when it is known that 10 to 15% of the patients develop a chronic depression.

Keywords: Accident Victims Symposium Train Accident Traumatic Bereavement

Accuracy Verified: Yes

103. Fernandez, I. (2007). EMDR as a treatment of post-traumatic reactions: A field study on child victims of an earthquake. Educational and Child Psychology, 24(1), 65-72.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This field study explores the effectiveness of EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) for the post-traumatic reactions of child victims in the post-emergency context of an earthquake that occurred in 2002 in Molise, a region of Central Italy. EMDR was chosen as the treatment for the children of the San Giuliano Primary School in Molise. Twenty-two of the children who experienced the traumatic event, being suddenly buried under the debris of their collapsed school and in contact with the bodies of their dead classmates for hours, received three cycles of EMDR treatment over one year, with a total average of 6.5 sessions of EMDR each. The results show that EMDR contributed to the reduction or remission of PTSD symptoms and facilitated the processing of the traumatic experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Child Victims Elementary Schools Emotional Trauma Field Study Natural Disasters Post-Emergency Context Molise Earthquake Post-Traumatic Reactions PTSD PTSD Symptoms Remission Traumatic Experiences

Accuracy Verified: Yes

104. ter Heide, J. J. (2011, August). EMDR bij getraumatiseerde vluchtelingen [EMDR with traumatized refugees]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 180-185. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0036-2.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
While EMDR is treatment of choice for traumatized adults with PTSS, its efficacy has not been validated with traumatized refugees. As long as no evidence is available for EMDR with this population, EMDR with refugees should be informed by theoretical approaches to treatment of PTSS in adults. Four approaches are discussed: the phased approach that advocates stabilization before EMDR; the multimodal approach that advocates combining EMDR with other interventions; the trauma-focused approach that advocates offering EMDR to all adults with PTSS, including refugees and, the transcultural approach that advocates a culturally sensitive administration of EMDR. Several pilot studies on EMDR with traumatized refugees, randomized controlled trials of EMDR with multiply traumatized populations, and a trial of EMDR in a non-western setting may further inform EMDR-therapists working with traumatized refugees. Suggestions are made for combining the four approaches and scientific evidence in treatment planning and execution of EMDR with this population. The EMDR protocol itself prescribes several interventions for treating multiply traumatized patients, such as resource development and installation, clustering of traumatic experiences, and cognitive interweaves. Additionally, culturally sensitive interventions may enable the refugee to actively partake in the treatment process by increasing motivation for trauma processing, by diminishing language barriers, and by facilitating the formulation of culturally congruent meanings to trauma. The question remains whether EMDR, which offers an individualistic approach to trauma, is sufficiently suited to address the collective traumatization of victims of war and organized violence.

Keywords: Refugees Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

105. Renssen, M. (2000, May 6). EMDR compared with imaginary exposure. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
According to Spector and Read (1999), “EMDR is an effective therapeutic procedure. More direct comparisons are needed with exposure therapies which up till now have generally been considered the most effective approaches to PTSD.” They further state that, “Direct comparisons with exposure therapies would be particularly meaningful and revealing if they were compared with EMDR, if the subjects were single trauma PTSD case and if EMDR were applied both with and without bilateral stimulation” (Spector & Read, 1999, the Current Status of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy).
In this presentation, results of a study will be shown in which EMDR was compared with the imaginary exposure procedure. Twenty-five traffic accident victims with trauma complaints were randomly allocated to either EMDR or imaginary exposure. Ten victims received imaginary exposure according to a protocol of Dancu and Foa, 1992 (translated by Arnst, 1997), while ten participants were treated with EMDR based on the PTSD protocol of Shapiro, 1995 (translated by de Jongh, 1996). In the EMDR group, people were exposed to bilateral sounds. The results were compared with an additional group consisting of 5 trauma clients who were exposed to sounds which were simultaneously presented

Keywords: Comparison Imaginary Exposure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

106. Quinn, G. (2011, June). EMDR emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s: EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Learning objectives: Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.

Keywords: Acute Trauma Emergency Treatment Man-Made Disasters Natural Disaasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

107. Kennedy, S. (2004, March 31). EMDR An essential “tool” for a counselor’s “toolbox”. Arizona Department of Public Safety Crime Victim Services Newsletter, 24, 1-2.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is quickly becoming a valuable and soughtafter method for treating victims of trauma. Use of EMDR is revolutionizing the treatment of commonly seen mental health problems (such as depression, anxiety, phobias, etc.) and some of the most troubling and difficult-to-treat problems professionals deal with in clinical settings (such as posttraumatic stress syndrome, substance abuse, eating disorders, and dissociative disorders).

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

108. Kavakcı, Ö, Kaptanoğlu, E., Kuğu, N., & Doğan, ). (2010). EMDR fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek olabilir mi? Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme [EMDR: A new choice of treatment in fibromyalgia? A review and report of a case presentation]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(3), 143-151.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Fibromiyalji Sendromu (FMS) etyolojisi belli olmayan yaygın vücut ağrıları, belirli anatomik bölgelerde hassasiyet, azalmış ağrı eşiği, uyku bozuklukları, yorgunluk ve sıklıkla psikolojik sıkıntı ile karakterize eklem dışı romatizmal bir hastalıktır. FMS'de psikiyatrik komorbidite yüksektir ve son zamanlarda FMS ve psikolojik travma ilişkisini gösteren yayınlar artmaktadır. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı psikolojik travmaya yönelik bir tedavinin FMS'nin belirtilerini yatıştırıp yatıştırmayacağını değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon (FTR) kliniğinden ilaç tedavisine iyi yanıt vermemiş FMS tanısı konulan bir hastada önce travma yaşantısı olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiş, ardından saptanan travmalarına yönelik göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) uygulanmıştır. Hasta; Beş yıldır şikâyetleri olan 34 yaşında, evli, kadın, ilaç kullanmıyor. Visuel Ağrı Skalasında (VAS) ağrı düzeyi 9-10, hassas nokta sayısı 15/18 olarak belirlendi. Beck Depresyon Ölçeği puanı (BDÖ) 22 ve Foa Travma Değerlendirme Ölçeği (TDÖ) puanı 41 olarak saptandı. EMDR tedavisi sonrasında; VAS 3, hassas nokta sayısı 11/18, TDÖ 6, BDÖ puanı 2 olarak bulundu. Hastanın 3 ve 6 aylık takipte iyilik halinin sürdüğü tespit edildi.Bu olgunun travmalarına yönelik tedavi uygulanması sonrasında hem psikiyatrik hem de somatik yakınmalarında belirgin düzelme görülmüş ve bu iyileşmenin olası mekanizmaları tartışılmıştır. FMS'li olgularda travmatik deneyimlerin aranması ve EMDR veya başka travma yönelimli yaklaşımların uygulanması olumlu sonuçlar verebilir.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic disease with unknown etiology and is characterized by widespread pain, increased tenderness in some anatomical regions, increased pain sensitivity, sleep disorders, fatigue and frequently by psychological distress. Psychiatric comorbidity is high in FMS and reports denoting to relationship of FMS and psychologial trauma have increased recently. We aimed to assess whether or not a treatment modality concerning trauma can alleviate symptoms of FMS. One of the FMS patients who was admitted to the outpatient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was randomly assigned to the present study. After that, assessed whether patients's traumatic experiences, and the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy was performed to the patient. A thirty-four year old female married patient, had symptoms of FMS for five years. She was not on any medication. Intensity of her pain was identfied as 10 by visuel analog scale (VAS), tender point count was 15 out of 18 and the scores of Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and The Post Traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) were 22 and 41, respectively. After the EMDR treatment VAS score was 3, tender point count was 11 and the scores of BDS and PDS were 2 and 6, respectively. The recovery was sustained at the 3rd and 6th months of follow up. In this case, we observed amelioration in both psychiatric and somatic symptoms of the patient after EMDR therapy and we discussed the possible mechanisms of this recovery. Searching for traumatic experiences and treating those traumas in FMS patients by EMDR or similar methods may result in favourable results.

Keywords: Fibromyalgia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

109. Kavakcı, O., Kaptanoğlu, E., Kugu, N., & Dogan, O. (2010). EMDR fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek olabilir mi? Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme [EMDR: A new choice of treatment in fibromyalgia? A review and report of a case presentation]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(3), 143-151.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Fibromiyalji Sendromu (FMS) etyolojisi belli olmayan yaygýn vücut aðrýlarý, belirli anatomik bölgelerde hassasiyet, azalmýþ aðrý eþiði, uyku bozukluklarý, yorgunluk ve sýklýkla psikolojik sýkýntý ile karakterize eklem dýþý romatizmal bir hastalýktýr. FMS'de psikiyatrik komorbidite yüksektir ve son zamanlarda FMS ve psikolojik travma iliþkisini gösteren yayýnlar artmaktadýr. Bu olgu sunumunun amacý psikolojik travmaya yönelik bir tedavinin FMS'nin belirtilerini yatýþtýrýp yatýþtýrmayacaðýný deðerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doðrultusunda Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon (FTR) kliniðinden ilaç tedavisine iyi yanýt vermemiþ FMS tanýsý konulan bir hastada önce travma yaþantýsý olup olmadýðý deðerlendirilmiþ, ardýndan saptanan travmalarýna yönelik göz hareketleriyle duyarsýzlaþtýrma ve yeniden iþleme (EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) uygulanmýþtýr. Hasta; Beþ yýldýr þikâyetleri olan 34 yaþýnda, evli, kadýn, ilaç kullanmýyor. Visuel Aðrý Skalasýnda (VAS) aðrý düzeyi 9-10, hassas nokta sayýsý 15/18 olarak belirlendi. Beck Depresyon Ölçeði puaný (BDÖ) 22 ve Foa Travma Deðerlendirme Ölçeði (TDÖ) puaný 41 olarak saptandý. EMDR tedavisi sonrasýnda; VAS 3, hassas nokta sayýsý 11/18, TDÖ 6, BDÖ puaný 2 olarak bulundu. Hastanýn 3 ve 6 aylýk takipte iyilik halinin sürdüðü tespit edildi.Bu olgunun travmalarýna yönelik tedavi uygulanmasý sonrasýnda hem psikiyatrik hem de somatik yakýnmalarýnda belirgin düzelme görülmüþ ve bu iyileþmenin olasý mekanizmalarý tartýþýlmýþtýr. FMS'li olgularda travmatik deneyimlerin aranmasý ve EMDR veya baþka travma yönelimli yaklaþýmlarýn uygulanmasý olumlu sonuçlar verebilir.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic disease with unknown etiology and is characterized by widespread pain, increased tenderness in some anatomical regions, increased pain sensitivity, sleep disorders, fatigue and frequently by psychological distress. Psychiatric comorbidity is high in FMS and reports denoting to relationship of FMS and psychologial trauma have increased recently. We aimed to assess whether or not a treatment modality concerning trauma can alleviate symptoms of FMS. One of the FMS patients who was admitted to the outpatient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was randomly assigned to the present study. After that, assessed whether patients's traumatic experiences, and the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy was performed to the patient. A thirty-four year old female married patient, had symptoms of FMS for five years. She was not on any medication. Intensity of her pain was identfied as 10 by visuel analog scale (VAS), tender point count was 15 out of 18 and the scores of Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and The Post Traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) were 22 and 41, respectively. After the EMDR treatment VAS score was 3, tender point count was 11 and the scores of BDS and PDS were 2 and 6, respectively. The recovery was sustained at the 3rd and 6th months of follow up. In this case, we observed amelioration in both psychiatric and somatic symptoms of the patient after EMDR therapy and we discussed the possible mechanisms of this recovery. Searching for traumatic experiences and treating those traumas in FMS patients by EMDR or similar methods may result in favourable results.

Keywords: Fibromyalgia Psychotherapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

110. Kavakci, O., Kaptanoğlu, E., Kugu, N., & Dogan, O. (2010). EMDR fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek olabilir mi? Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme [EMDR: A new choice of treatment in fibromyalgia? A review and report of a case presentation]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi [The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry], 13(3), 2010. pp. 143-151.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Keywords: Fibromyalgia Psychotherapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

111. Norgate, K. (2012, October/November). EMDR for post-traumantic stress and other psychological trauma. Nursing Times, 10(44), 24-26.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a powerful psychotherapy with well-researched benefits for adults and children who are experiencing post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. There is a wealth of research and practice-based evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of EMDR in many differing clinical presentations but the true potential of this extraordinarily beneficial therapeutic approach has not been fully embraced by the mental health nursing profession.

Keywords: Adolescents Female Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

112. Shapiro, F., & Broderson, G. (1997). EMDR for trauma: Eye movement desenitization and reprocessing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a complex treatment approach that combines salient elements of the major therapeutic schools (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and interactional). Although the eye movement stimulation (and other forms of dual stimulation used in the approach) have garnered the most attention professionally and publicly, EMDR actually involves a much broader spectrum of interventions, which are organized into eight phases of therapy. Currently, 13 completed controlled studies of EMDR make it one of the most researched methods of psychotherapy used in the treatment of trauma. Its efficacy has been supported by these studies: the four most recent studies of victims who have suffered single traumas have demonstrated that after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions, 84% to 90% of patients no longer have symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Rothbaum, 1997; Wilson, Becker, & Tinker, 1995).
EMDR is based on the assumption that specific experiences from the past continue to guide the client`s responses in the present. These experiences can be the "big T" traumas that result in PTSD or the "small t" traumas that are the ubiquitous experiences known to have a less dramatic but still negative impact on personality and behavior.
To influence such experiences from the past, EMDR draws on an information processing model of behavior. Conceptually, disturbing trauma-related information is believed to be held in the patient`s nervous system in state-dependent form (e.g., the perceptions and sensations experienced at the time of the trauma are encoded in the nervous system). EMDR allows the processing of this information in an adaptive fashion so that what is useful from the experience can be learned; stored appropriately, cognitively, and affectively; and made available for behavioral guidance in the future. What is useless to adaptation, such as excess negative emotions, irrational self-assessments, and disturbing physical sensations, can be discarded.
Assessment is focused not on global diagnoses but rather on specific delineations of problematic behaviors, attitudes, and affects that need to be transmuted to allow for adaptive resolution of trauma or conflict. Specifically, the EMDR clinician asks, what is the patient being influenced by past experiences to do in the present that is dysfunctional and what is he or she prevented from doing that would be adaptive?
Although originally applied to PTSD, EMDR shows promise in a variety of clinical complaints that are based on earlier life experiences that underlie the pathology and current experiences and that restimulate the disturbance. EMDR allows clients to access and reprocess these experiences as well as to learn new skills and behaviors for managing future life events. In all cases, the goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while helping the client to remain reasonably stable.
EMDR as an eight-phase intervention approach can be considered a complete treatment in some clinical cases, or it may be part of a more complex treatment plan that includes other more traditional approaches to treating a specific pathology (e.g., borderline personality disorder). Within this latter integrative context, EMDR appears to be useful for a broad range of clinical complaints and seems to provide more rapid achievement of positive treatment effects than do these more traditional approaches alone.
Dr. Shapiro identifies her approach as "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing." What does this imply to you? More specifically, what do you expect of her? Will Dr. Shapiro be active or passive? Will the session be structured or unstructured? Directive or nondirective? Will it focus on the past or on the present? Will the session focus on behaviors, on thoughts, or on feelings? What do you expect to be the relative balance between attention to technique versus the interpersonal interaction?

Keywords: Client Francine Shapiro Male

Accuracy Verified: Yes

113. Peterson, G. (2002). EMDR for women who experience traumatic events. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(11), 1047-1048. Author reply 1048..

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Comments on an article by E. B. Foa and G. P. Street,"Women and Traumatic Events, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 62(Suppl 17), 2001. Special issue: Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder, pp. 29-34 regarding psychotherapeutic interventions for women with PTSD. It is noted that Foa and Street describe other psychotherapy procedures, but do not mention eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Peterson cites that in Effective Treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies [ISTSS] , 2 psychotherapy treatments for PTSD are listed as having been shown to be effective: exposure therapy and EMDR. SIT is reported to have had 2 well-controlled studies published on the treatment of PTSD. Both SIT studies were with female sexual assault victims. It is concluded that given that EMDR has been established as effective in the ISTSS guidelines, it may be important for the reader to know that this form of therapy may be applied when confronting the issues addressed in this article. A comment by Foa follows. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Females Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape

Accuracy Verified: Yes

114. Peterson, G. & Foa, A. (2002, November). EMDR for women who experience traumatic events [4] (multiple letters). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(11), 1047-1048.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
It is noted that Foa and Street describe other psychotherapy procedures, but do not mention eye movement desensitization and reprocessing #EMDR#. Peterson cites that in Effective Treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies [ISTSS] , 2 psychotherapy treatments for PTSD are listed as having been shown to be effective: exposure therapy and EMDR. SIT is reported to have had 2 well-controlled studies published on the treatment of PTSD. Both SIT studies were with female sexual assault victims. It is concluded that given that EMDR has been established as effective in the ISTSS guidelines, it may be important for the reader to know that this form of therapy may be applied when confronting the issues addressed in this article. A comment by Foa follows. #PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Females Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Reply

Accuracy Verified: Yes

115. Shapiro, F. (2012, September). EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs: Building sustainable mental health resources worldwide. ISTSS Traumatic StressPoints, 26(5), 2-3.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) began in 1995 as a response to the Oklahoma City bombing. An FBI agent who had previously received EMDR therapy called requesting help, stating that the local mental health professionals were overwhelmed by the task. After a needs assessment, approximately 100 volunteer clinicians trained in EMDR therapy were rotated in to provide pro bono treatment for the bombing victims and front-line responders. A program evaluation indicated that over 80 percent achieved beneficial treatment effects within three sessions, and, in the same year, a study using a delayed treatment control group also showed positive results (Wilson, Becker & Tinker, 1995). Subsequently, free trainings in EMDR therapy were offered and provided to 290 clinicians in collaboration with local agencies. The feedback was so positive that a 501(c)3 organization was soon established. [Excerpt]

Keywords: EMDR-HAP

Accuracy Verified: Yes

116. Quinn, G. (2013, June). EMDR immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma.
Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities.
Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war.
In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, and modified by Elan Shapio and Brurit Laub in R-TEP will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment.
A practicum will follow on ERP.
Learning objectives: Within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid, to learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma utilizing ERP; To apply ERP in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions; To learn when and how to use ERP for patients exhibiting “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in an ambulance en route to medical facilities; How to utilize the Recent Events Protocol in the face of ongoing danger; To understand EMDR methods that may be used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment

Keywords: Disaster Emergency Response Procedure ERP Extreme Stress Silent Terror

Accuracy Verified: Yes

117. Shapiro, F., & Forrest, M. (2002). EMDR in aktion - Die neue kurzeittherapie in der praxis [EMDR: The breakthrough therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress and trauma]. Paderborn, Germany, Junfermann Verlag GmbH & Co.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) ist eine von Francine Shapiro entwickelte innovative klinische Behandlungsmethode für Trauma-Opfer. Aufgrund äußerst positiver neuer Untersuchungsergebnisse ist EMDR mittlerweile die am gründlichsten untersuchte Methode zur Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Gleichzeitig werden Untersuchungen über die Möglichkeiten der Anwendung von EMDR bei anderen Störungen durchgeführt. EMDR ist eine zeitsparende, umfassende Methode zur Behandlung traumatischer Erfahrungen, die die Ursache vieler Pathologien sind. Als integratives Therapiemodell, das verhaltenspsychologische, kognitive, psychodynamische, körperorientierte und systemische Elemente umfaßt, ermöglicht EMDR, in relativ kurzer Zeit tiefreichende und stabile Resultate zu erzielen. Die EMDR-Behandlungssequenz, die acht Phasen umfaßt und Augenbewegungen sowie andere Methoden der Rechts-Links-Stimulation nutzt, hilft Trauma-Opfern bei der Aufarbeitung beunruhigender Gedanken und Erinnerungen. Dieses umfassende Basiswerk zum Thema EMDR gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung und Erforschung der neuen Methode. Zu den vielen Patientengruppen, bei denen mit EMDR gearbeitet werden kann, zählen die Opfer von sexuellem Mißbrauch, von Verbrechen, kämpferischen Auseinandersetzungen, Kriegsfolgen und Phobie-Patienten. Als Einführung in eine neue wichtige Methode im Bereich der Traumabehandlung ist dieses Buch eine unverzichbare Lektüre für alle Kliniker und Forscher, die sich für die Arbeit mit Trauma-Opfern interessieren. Das Lehrbuch zu EMDR, dieser neuen, so überaus erfolgreichen Therapiemethode zur Behandlung von Traumaopfern.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a technology developed by Francine Shapiro innovative clinical treatment for trauma victims. Due to extremely positive new findings EMDR is now the most thoroughly studied method for the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At the same tests are carried out on the possibilities of the use of EMDR with other disorders. EMDR is a time-saving, comprehensive method for the treatment of traumatic experiences, which are the cause of many diseases. As an integrative therapy model includes the behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, body-oriented and systemic elements, EMDR allows to achieve in a relatively short time, profound and stable results. The EMDR treatment sequence that includes eight stages, and uses eye movements as well as other methods of left-right stimulation helps trauma victims in the processing disturbing thoughts and memories. This comprehensive work based on EMDR provides an overview of the development and exploration of the new method. Among the many groups of patients that can be worked in those with EMDR, including the victims of sexual abuse, crime, fight conflicts, war and phobia patients. As an introduction to an important new method in the field of trauma treatment, this book is a unverzichbare reading for all clinicians and researchers interested in working with trauma victims. The textbook to EMDR, this new, so very successful treatment method for the treatment of trauma victims

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

118. Hofmann, A., & Solomon, R. (2009). EMDR in der behandlung akut traumatisierter [EMDR in the treatment of acutely traumatized]. In A. Hofmann, N. Galley, & R. A. Solomon, EMDR – Therapie psychotraumatischer Belastungssyndrome, 2 Tabellen, (4., unveränd. Aufl.) (pp 107-114 ) Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag KG.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Mit den zunehmenden Erfahrungen und Forschungsergebnissen im Bereich psychotraumatischer Reaktionen gelangte in den Jahren nach der Entwicklung der Konzepte über die chronischen traumatischen Störungen auch der Bereich der akuten Traumatisierungen in das Blickfeld systematischer Studien und Interventionsversuche. So wurden zunehmend diagnostische und therapeutische Konzepte entwickelt, in denen versucht wird, Opfern von z. B. krimineller Gewalt, schweren Unfällen oder kritischen Zwischenfällen im polizeilich/militärischen Bereich bereits kurz nach den traumatischen Ereignissen hilfreich zur Seite zu stehen und – wenn möglich – sogar die Entwicklung schwerer Störungen zu verhindern. Als günstig erwies sich dabei, dass sich die Mehrzahl der Opfer akuter Traumatisierungen innerhalb einer Zeit von mehreren Wochen bis Monaten ohne äußeres therapeutisches Eingreifen spontan erholen und das Ereignis seelisch bewältigen können (Rothbaum u. Foa 1993). Als problematisch zeigte sich aber einerseits die Vielfalt möglicher Symptome direkt nach einem traumatischen Ereignis, andererseits der zunehmende Übergang in eine posttraumatische Symptomatik (aber auch andere) bei einer meist kleineren Gruppe der Traumatisierten (Orner u. Schnyder 2003). Forscherische und therapeutische Bemühungen versuchen derzeit, die Gruppe der Traumaopfer, die ein erhöhtes Risiko haben könnten, später eine posttraumatische Störung zu entwickeln, zu identifizieren und ihnen – wenn möglich – schon frühzeitig gezielt Hilfe zukommen zu lassen. Auf der anderen Seite wird so versucht, die Traumaopfer, bei denen eine Bewältigung des traumatischen Ereignisses ohne spezifische therapeutische Hilfe erwartet werden kann, nicht unnötig zu pathologisieren, ihnen aber ausreichend Unterstützung und Hilfe zu gewähren, sodass sie den Verarbeitungsvorgang ohne äußere Irritationen abschließen können (Fischer et al. 1998). Diese diagnostischen und therapeutischen Forschungen sind derzeit noch in vollem Gange, gesicherte Forschungsergebnisse liegen bisher nur in wenigen Bereichen der Behandlung akuter Traumatisierungen vor (Barre u. Biesold 2002, Orner u. Schnyder 2003, Yehuda 1998). Dennoch liegen bereits Modellrechnungen der Kostenträger vor, die belegen, dass frühe, fundierte Interventionsansätze bei akut Traumatisierten (z. B. Überfallopfern) erhebliche Kosteneinsparungen der Kostenträger bewirken (Wiessmann 2002). Angesichts der großen Zahl der täglich bei schweren Unfällen oder Verbrechen akut traumatisierten Menschen, die derzeit mit einer Vielzahl empirisch wenig validierter Konzepte behandelt werden müssen, wird der hohe Handlungsdruck einerseits, die Einschränkung vieler der folgenden Anhaltspunkte für therapeutische Intervention andererseits, deutlich. Auch Hinweise und Empfehlungen bezüglich eines Einsatzes der EMDR-Methode bei diesen Patienten sollten mit diesen Einschränkungen verstanden werden. Auch wenn es einige erste Hinweise auf einen erfolgversprechenden Einsatz der EMDR-Methode bei akut Traumatisierten gibt, so sollte eine Therapie mittels EMDR in einen umfassenden, z. B. dynamisch-behavioralen, Behandlungsplan dieser Patienten eingebettet werden (Bisson 2003, McNally u. Solomon 1999). Weiterhin sollte der systematische Einsatz der EMDR-Methode derzeit – wenn irgend möglich – an hohen Qualitätsstandards orientiert und forschungsmäßig evaluiert werden, um die Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung bezüglich bestimmter Patientengruppen sowie den optimalen Einsatzzeitpunkt konfrontierender Verfahren systematisch verbessern zu können.

With increasing experience and research results in the field of psycho-traumatic Responses came in the years after the development of concepts about the chronic traumatic disorders, the area of acute trauma in the field of view systematic studies and intervention trials. Thus, more diagnostic and therapeutic concepts developed in which attempts are is, for example, victims of criminal violence, serious accidents or critical incidents the police / military shortly after the traumatic events to help Page is available and - if possible - even the to prevent development of severe disorders. Proved to be favorable, that the Most of the victims of acute trauma in a period of several weeks to months without an external therapeutic intervention spontaneously recover and cope with the emotional event can (Rothbaum and Foa 1993). One problem was but one part of the Variety of possible symptoms immediately after a traumatic event, on the other hand, the increasing Transition to a post-traumatic symptoms (And others) usually at a smaller group of traumatized (and Orner Schnyder 2003). Research and therapeutic efforts currently trying the group of trauma victims, an increased risk could later to develop post-traumatic disorder to identify them and - if possible - early to be targeted to come help. On the other hand, will attempt to Trauma victims, where a managing traumatic event without specific therapeutic Assistance can be expected not unnecessarily pathologization them but enough to provide support and assistance so that they the processing operation without external irritation can conclude (Fischer et al. 1998). These diagnostic and therapeutic research are still in full swing, secured Research results are presently available in few areas of acute trauma and before (Barre and Biesold 2002, Orner Schnyder 2003, Yehuda 1998). Nevertheless, there are already Model calculations of the cost modes, in the Demonstrating that early, in-depth intervention approaches in acute trauma (such as assault victims) significant cost savings for payers cause (Wiesmann 2002). Given the high volume of daily at serious accidents or crimes acutely traumatized People currently with a variety empirically validated concepts treated less must be the high pressure to act one hand, the restriction of many of the following Indications for therapeutic intervention on the other, significantly. Also advice and recommendations regarding of using the EMDR method in these patients should understand these limitations be. Although there are some initial indications a promising application of EMDR method in acutely traumatized people are so should be a therapy using EMDR in a comprehensive, such as dynamically-behavioral, treatment plan these patients are embedded (Bisson 2003, McNally and Solomon 1999). Furthermore, should be the systematic use of the EMDR method now - if possible - to high Quality standards and research-oriented terms is assessed to the benefit / risk ratio with respect to specific patient groups and the optimal use time of confrontational Method to improve systematically.

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

119. Seidler, G. H., Wagner, F. E., Feurer, D. C., Micka, R., Kirsch, A., & Hofmann, A. (2004). EMDR in der behandlung von akut traumatisierten mit "akuter PTSD" [EMDR in the treatment of acute traumatized patients with "acute PTSD"]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin (ZPPM), 2(1), 61-72.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Nach begrifflichen Präzisierungen zum Verständnis von „akut“ wird eine Studie skizziert, in der akut traumatisierte Gewaltopfer mit unterschiedlichen treatments (nur EMDR, EMDR und Stabilisierungsgruppe, nur Stabilisierungsgruppe) behandelt werden. Zu den Untersuchungen gehören auch Mimikanalysen. Erste Ergebnisse belegen die Wirksamkeit der EMDR-Therapie und demonstrieren unterschiedliche mimische Aktivitätsmuster in Abhängigkeit von der Schwere des jeweiligen Traumas.

We are conducting a study according to conceptual specifications of our understanding of 'acute', in which acutely traumatized victims of violence are treated with various treatments (either solely EMDR, EMDR and stabilization exercises in group setting, or solely stabilization exercises in group setting). Analyses of facial expressions are included in the research. The initial findings prove the efficacy of EMDR therapy and demonstrate the different mimic or facial patterns as dependent on the severity of the trauma experienced. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Clinical Trial Crime Germans Interpersonal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

120. Marich, J. N. (2009). EMDR in the addiction continuing care process: Case study of a cross-addicted female's treatment and recovery. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 98-106. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.98.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There have been suggestions in the literature since 1994 that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may serve as an effective adjunct to the addiction treatment process; however, follow-up research in this area has been limited. This case study of a cross-addicted female includes a case review illustrating how EMDR was used in the continuing care process and a semistructured phenomenological interview conducted at 6-month follow-up. Prior to this course of treatment, the participant was treated 12 times with traditional approaches but was unable to achieve more than 4 months of sobriety at any given time. Following EMDR, the participant reported 18 months of sobriety and important changes in functional life domains. The phenomenological interview revealed six critical themes about the addiction and recovery process that can offer insight to clinicians treating co-occurring addiction and trauma.

Keywords: Addiction Cross-Addiction Phenomenology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Relapse Prevention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

121. Ilic, Z. (2004). EMDR in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with prisoners of war. In Ž. Špiric, G. Kneževic, V. Jovic, & G. Opacic (Eds.), Torture in war: Consequences and rehabilitation of victims – Yugoslav experience. (pp. 281-289). Belgrade, Serbia: International Aid Network.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The experience of imprisonment and torture of exposure to psychophysical stress is the highest intensity, which leads to high percentage of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and has a tendency hronifikacije. The program of assistance to victims of torture at the Centre for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims-IAN Belgrade apply the method of cognitive behavioral desensitization and reprocessing rapid eye movements (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing - EMDR), which has proven successful in treatment and is part of an integrative therapeutic procedures. The paper presented a theoretical concept of this method with some specific work with victims of torture and the case [Author]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Serbs Survivors Torture Yugoslav Wars of Secession

Accuracy Verified: Yes

122. Richman, S. (2009, March). EMDR in the treatment of survivors of torture. Symposium conducted at the 7th annual EMDR Association UK & Ireland Conference, Manchester, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation seeks to address some of the challenges of using EMDR cross-culturally with highly traumatised clients who have been the victims of physical and/or psychological torture. The presentation will review characteristics of torture and how the helplessness experienced by victims physically and psychologically can help the therapist to case conceptualization and encourage adaptive learning with interweaves to assist the processing allowing adaptive linkage being made with dysfunctional memory storage. EMDR is very effective where trauma survivors present with somatisation, dissociation and frozen states but desensitization and reprocessing can only be embarked upon after adequate stabilization in the Preparation Phase. Methods of stabilization (including somatic stabilization) will be covered and thereafter the basic EMDR protocol implemented with the client focusing on damage to the self and the spirit.

Keywords: Symposium Torture

Accuracy Verified: Yes

123. Richman, A. (2006, March). EMDR in the treatment of victims of torture. Presentation at the 4th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
As trauma therapists we are increasingly encountering the challenges of using EMDR cross-culturally with highly traumatised clients who are refugees from wartorn countries and/or oppressive regimes. This presentation seeks to address some of the issues to be taken into consideration and the difficulties in working with the victims of systematic infliction of physical and/or psychological torture. Use of EMDR with these highly traumatised individuals will be examined and ways in which the basic EMDR protocol may need to be adapted to treat these highly traumatised individuals will be examined.

Keywords: Victims of Torture

Accuracy Verified: Yes

124. Pacana, G. (2011, March 29). EMDR in treating victims of trauma. Philadelpha: Philadelphia Examiner.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a relatively new but effective treatment for victims of trauma. It has been shown to be as effective as CBT(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) but is less time consuming and produces faster results.

Keywords: General Practice Trauma Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

125. Aytun, O. A. (2010, June). The EMDR integrated group treatment with child victims of a terrorist. In treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The present study is carried out within a psychological counseling project which is governed by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The study was designed to assess the effects of EMDR Integrated Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-ICTP: on the child victims of a terrorist bombing in Gun Goren, Istanbul. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 60 children who are in 5th, 3rd and 4th grade and effected by the event (exposed, witnessed or their relatives harmed, etc.) with high scores on the Turkish version of 'Impact of Event Scale' (IES). Before the group session. Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) and a survey asking 5 stress-related symptoms of their lives after the bomb attack were applied. The group sessions consist of: meeting with children. explaining trauma, psychological debriefing, EMDR (Installing the safe place, assessment, drawing the first picture, drawing the second and the third picture, tapping, relaxation), healing story and art therapy. Participants completed another survey about what they have realized during and after their group experience. The study is completed with a re-evaluation of one and three months follow-up. Analyses of the data collected from the participants will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in group setting with children for reducing traumatic symptoms and developing new resources to handle problems. In this study the effectiveness of EMDR is examined according to the difference between the ages of children, and the level of exposure (witnessing, watching on TV etc.) to the traumatic event.

Keywords: Acute Stress Children Group Therapy Symposium Terrorism Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

126. Istanbul Metropole Municipality. (2009, June). The EMDR integrated group treatment with child victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In A. de Jongh (Chair), PTSD research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Bombing Istanbul Postttraumatic Dtress Disorder PTSD Research Symposium Terrorists

Accuracy Verified: Yes

127. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., Montero, M., & Lopez-Lena, L. (2008). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with child victims of a mass disaster. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 97-105. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.97.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment protocol (EMDR-IGTP) has been used in different parts of the world since 1998 with both adults and children after natural or man-made disasters. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model, thus providing more extensive reach than the individual application of EMDR. In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 16 bereaved children after a human provoked disaster in the Mexican State of Coahuila in 2006. Results showed a significant decrease in scores on the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale that was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Although controlled research is needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention, preliminary results suggest that EMDR-IGTP may be an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale critical incidents (e.g., human-provoked disasters, terrorism, natural disasters. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Children Death of Parent Explosions Females Group Psychotherapy Group Treatment Human-Provoked Disaster Industrial Accidents Latin American Males Mexicans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors School Age Children Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

128. Saêta, L. B. (2012, Novembro). EMDR no tratamento da dor e das sensações fantasmas [EMDR in the treatment of pain and phantom sensations]. In EMDR e dor crônica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Sujeitos vítimas de amputação podem apresentar, imeditamente após a mesma, algum tipo de desconforto no membro ausente, descrito como formigamento, dormência, posição do membro, temperatura, latejamento, choque e apertamento que podem manifestar-se com a presença ou não de dor, tendo sua qualidade de vida reduzida. Observa-se que atualmente, as abordagens terapêuticas usadas no manejo da dor e das sensações fantasmas podem ser organizadas em três modalidades: medicamentosa, de apoio e cirúrgica, feitas em conjunto ou separadamente. Os tratamentos de apoio mais conhecidos incluem estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea, terapia vibratória, acupuntura, hipnose e biofeedback. A proposta desse estudo foi verificar a eficiência do EMDR na redução e/ou eliminação das sensações e da dor fantasmas aplicado a seis sujeitos com amputação de membro inferior, num período de um a três meses de duração (de 4 a 12 sessões de 60 a 90 minutos de duração), utilizando o protocolo EMDR padrão e o protocolo EMDR para a dor, e também exercícios corporais de respiração consciente, aliados, em casos de resistência dos sujeitos ao EMDR, à ativação da visão macular dos dois olhos e a exercícios rítmicos de espernear. Tais procedimentos proporcionaram uma melhor comunicação entre os hemisférios cerebrais, numa reorganização cortical que facilitou o aumento da consciência e aceitação da perda do membro amputado, sendo possível presenciar efeitos terapêuticos positivos e rápidos. Constatou-se que as sensações e as dores fantasmas diminuíram significativamente em três participantes e desapareceram por completo nos outros três, comprovando a eficácia e eficiência do EMDR no processo de inclusão e readaptação social em sujeitos vítimas de amputação.

Subjected victims of amputation may have, immediately after it, some kind of discomfort absent member, described as tingling, numbness, limb position, temperature, throbbing, clenching and shock that may occur with the presence or absence of pain, having a reduced quality of life. It is observed that currently, the therapeutic approaches used in the management of pain and phantom sensations can be organized into three types: medication, and surgical support, made jointly or separately. The most popular treatments include support transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, vibratory therapy, acupuncture, hypnosis and biofeedback. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of EMDR in the reduction and / or elimination of phantom sensations and pain applied to six subjects with lower limb amputation in a period of one to three months duration (4 to 12 sessions of 60 to 90 minutes), using the standard EMDR protocol and the protocol EMDR for pain, and also body conscious breathing exercises, combined, in cases of resistance to the subject of EMDR, the activation of macular vision in both eyes and rhythmic exercises kicking . These procedures allow for a better communication between the cerebral hemispheres, cortical reorganization in which facilitated the increased awareness and acceptance of the loss of the amputated limb, and you can witness the positive therapeutic effects and fast. It was found that the sensations and phantom pain significantly decreased in three participants and disappeared completely in the other three, proving the efficiency and effectiveness of EMDR in the process of inclusion and social rehabilitation of victims subject to amputation.

Keywords: Amputation Phantom Pain Phantom Sensation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

129. Moore, R. (2001). EMDR offers hope – an effective treatment for trauma. Massachusetts Office for Victim Assistance, Victim Impact, 2(1), 5.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a procedure that is increasingly used in psychotherapy to help victims reduce the impact of negative experiences from the past that intrude on present day life. Often these negative life experiences involve a trauma such as sexual assault, abuse, a car crash, or the murder of a loved one.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

130. Purandare, M., Bhagwagar, H., & Tank, P. (2010, July). EMDR on children affected by the earthquake. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Efficacy of EMDR on Children Affected by Earthquake: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of EMDR as an intervention technique for trauma victims. A sample of 50 students, studying in 10th grade, age ranging from 14 to 16 years were selected. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to measure the intensity of trauma experienced. A pre-post test research design was used in the study. The results were in the predicted direction. EMDR was found to be effective in reducing avoidance, intrusion and hyper arousal as well as overall impact of trauma. “Group EMDR With Earthquake Survivors” The current study is an attempt to understand the impact of a specific traumatic events and its expression in children i.e. the earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, Western India in January 2001. This study was a part of the therapy work conducted with the survivors of the earthquake by the group of 40 practitioners from Mumbai and was over 4 months. The paper will present the following aspects: 1. The symptoms seen among the children depicting PTSD as per DSM IV criteria. Signs of Hyper-arousal, Avoidance and Intrusion were clearly seen especially in children 2. The process used. This was a modified version of the standard 8 phase protocol appropriate for use with group work. Butterfly hugs were used as BLS. Stages of EMDR for this group: 3. Observations and a few unique experiences These include blocking of trauma image, difficulty in safe place visualizing, difficulty in distancing and using creative techniques for soothing and relaxation. 4. Impact of the EMDR intervention with this group More than 16000 children from about 30 schools were seen. based on observations and reports by teachers during the follow up showed reduction in anxiety, reports of life resembling pre-earthquake, improved attention and concentration, better sleeping patterns and lowering of somatic complaints. Impact and expression of trauma in children exposed to the earthquake: The current study is an attempt to understand the impact of a specific traumatic event and its expression in children i.e. the earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, western India in January 2001. The Butterfly hug technique for bilateral stimulation was used following 8 steps of EMDR. Drawings of children were used as their expressions during different phases of EMDR. Drawings during “ Assessment phase” depicted feelings of insecurity, a sense of vacuum and emptiness, low energy levels, a desire for contact and help, feelings of guilt, poor body image, hypersensitivity was noticed almost universally and even during therapy. Drawings, following the processing and installation phases indicated the facial expression changed to a smile. Tears which were present in almost all drawings were not noted Positive cognitions were reflected in terms of the growth and freshness e.g. the newly growing grass. In spite of the various symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder, no gross disintegration of personality had been noted.

Keywords: Children Earthquake

Accuracy Verified: Yes

131. Montes-Berges, B., Aranda, M., Castillo-Mayén, M. del R. (2011). EMDR Para el tratamiento de estrés postraumático en casos de violencia de género [EMDR for treatment of PTSD in cases of domestic violence]. Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Introducción: La violencia de género es uno de los problemas sociales más graves de nuestra sociedad tanto por su prevalencia (en el pasado año 2010 fueron asesinadas 74 mujeres, y se estima que alrededor del 11.1% de las mujeres andaluzas son maltratadas), como por las consecuencias psicológicas que conlleva en las víctimas. Objetivos: En el Gabinete de Psicología de la Universidad de Jaén, atendemos a las mujeres (alumnas, PAS o PDI o familiares de éstos) que han sido o aún son víctimas de violencia de género, con el objetivo prioritario de que superen las situaciones traumáticas y que estén preparadas emocional y cognitivamente para llevar una vida plena con el desarrollo máximo de sus capacidades. Durante la evaluación, entre otras escalas, las usuarias contestan al cuestionario sobre Síndrome de Estrés Postraumático (Echeburúa, Corral, Amor, Zubizarreta y Sarasúa, 1997), pues los episodios de violencia psicológica, sexual y física extrema que la mayoría de ellas viven, ocasionan en el 100% de los casos este síndrome de manera crónica y acusada. Metodología: Para tratar este síndrome se acomete el entrenamiento en técnicas de respiración y relajación y posteriormente el tratamiento con EMDR. Esta técnica consiste en el procesamiento de los sucesos que quedaron bloqueados por el miedo sentido en el momento en que ocurrieron, mediante la movilización de los ojos de manera simultánea a la escucha del episodio, tratando nuevamente de revivirlo. Aplicamos esta técnica con 5 pacientes. Resultados: En todos los casos las usuarias superaban la situación en 4 o 5 sesiones de 5 minutos cada una, de manera que posteriormente, informaron de que la situación ya no les producía tristeza ni dolor, y que la habían aceptado. Discusión: Estos resultados sugieren que esta técnica es eficaz y rápida en la intervención de sucesos traumáticos de violencia de género, por lo que resulta altamente recomendable para estos casos.

Introduction: Gender violence is one of the most serious social problems our society because of its prevalence (in the past year 2010 were killed 74 women, and it is estimated that about 11.1% of women are battered Andalusian), as for the psychological consequences on the victims involved. Objectives: In the Cabinet of Psychology, University of Jaén, we look at women (students, PAS or PDI or their relatives) who have been or still are victims of domestic violence, with priority objective of exceeding trauma and who are prepared emotionally and cognitively to lead a full life with the maximum development of their capabilities. During the assessment, including scales, users answer the questionnaire on PTSD (Echeburúa, Corral, Love, Zubizarreta and Sarasua, 1997), because episodes of psychological, physical and sexual extreme than most living, result in 100% of cases this syndrome chronically and charged. Methodology: To treat this syndrome is undertaken the training in breathing and relaxation techniques and subsequent treatment with EMDR. This technique consists in processing events that were blocked sense of fear at the time they occurred, by mobilizing the eyes simultaneously listening to the episode, trying to revive him again. We apply this technique in 5 patients. Results: In all cases the user exceeded the 4 or 5 position in 5-minute sessions each, so that subsequently reported that the situation no longer produce sadness or pain, and that the had accepted. Discussion: These results suggest that this technique is effective and fast intervention in the traumatic events of violence, so it is highly recommended for these cases.

Keywords: Domestic Violence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

132. Kreck, C. (1996, September 4). EMDR therapists responded to Oklahoma City. Denver, CO: The Denver Post, Rockies, Living, G-02.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
On April 19, 1995, only two months after Sandra Wilson finished a followup on the first unassailable study proving EMDR's spectacular success with trauma victims, the Oklahoma City bomb went off.

Keywords: Denver Oklahoma City Bomb Sandra Wilson

Accuracy Verified: Yes

133. Sadatun, T. I. (2008, June). EMDR therapy for tsunami & armed conflicts survivors in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Indonesian Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darusalam (NAD) is a region which is facing a unique set of problems, among which is the protracted internal conflict, exacerbated by the tsunami on December 26, 2004. These events have generated a widespread impact on the lives of the communities. One of the most crucial issues to be addressed aside from legal, security, social and economic problems is the matter of health, including mental health. In regards to mental health issues, comprehensive steps have been formulated into various mental health care programs. One of the most needed programs is establishment of an educational system rooted in Indonesia for the treatment of the posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) of victims of crises and catastrophes through the implementation of specific methods of treatment with a focus on the introduction of EMDR. With great support from BMZ- TDH-Germany, HAP-Germany and Trauma Aid, capacity building on EMDR training has been developed. Even though EMDR is highly effective as trauma healing therapy it is also a complex treatment to be addressed in this specific population like in the province of NAD. Further than time constrain, limited numbers of trauma therapist available and high numbers of severe cases that urgently need to be treated, complexities also arises from cultural and religious aspects. The society in NAD is marked by decade long isolation, violent conflicts for political self-determination and the strict interpretation of the Islam. The Sharia (doctrine of the Islam including moral and judicial duties) was introduced as part of the laws. Due to this condition, for the time being stabilization technique in EMDR is the most common technique that can be of widely used. In this presentation, varieties of stabilization technique that have been used in this population will be addressed. More specifically, as culturally adjustable method in therapy, this presentation will also introduce several culturally acceptable stabilization techniques such as combining religious rituals (chanting, reciting) as personal resource with stabilization technique. These techniques might be useful for other population with similar culture and religion.

Keywords: Armed Conflicts Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia Poster Survivors Tsunami

Accuracy Verified: Yes

134. Shapiro, F. (2012). EMDR therapy: An overview of current and future research. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 193-195. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.09.005.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introduction: EMDR therapy is an eight-phase treatment approach widely recognized as a frontline treatment for trauma. Research over the past decade has addressed the utility of the eye movements, mechanism of action and comparisons with other forms of therapy. Literature and clinical findings: More than two-dozen randomized controlled trials (RCT) demonstrate the positive effects of EMDR therapy with trauma victims. Comparisons with trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) indicate comparable effects sizes. Approximately 20 additional RCT evaluated the eye movement component of EMDR in isolation, without the rest of the therapy procedures. These studies document a variety of positive effects, including a rapid decrease in distress and reduced clarity of the targeted disturbing image when compared to exposure-only conditions. Discussion: Research findings indicate that EMDR therapy and TF-CBT are based on different mechanisms of action in that EMDR therapy does not necessitate daily homework, sustained arousal or detailed descriptions of the event, and appears to take fewer sessions. EMDR is guided by the adaptive information processing model, which posits a wide range of adverse life experiences as the basis of pathology. Conclusions: Research is suggested to further explore mechanisms of action and address issues of efficiency and treatment differences. Rigorous research is also needed to investigate additional clinical applications.

Keywords: Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

135. Culver-Turner, R., & Miller, M. S. (2012, October). EMDR treatment for a transgender woman: A single-case study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A single-case study illustrated how EMDR was utilized with a biological male who experienced female gender identity. The client presented with difficulty in decision-making and stress regarding the female gender identity expression and transition. As trauma and EMDR ressearch has indicated, the client needed to process through ealrier and recent traumatic memories in order to clarify gender expression and transitioning decisions (Richmond, Burnes & Carroll, 2012). Previous traumatic experiences included being the recipient of transgender discrimination and prejudice. Results indicated that EMDR can be a helpful tool for processing trauma and assist decision making regarding expressing gender identity and transitioning.

Keywords: Case Study Gender Identity Poster, Transgender Issues

Accuracy Verified: Yes

136. Lilienfeld, S. (2004). EMDR treatment: Less than meets the eye? Retrieved from http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/emdr.html on 11/11/2011. Quackwatch. Retrieved from http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/emdr.html 12/15/2005.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Originally published in Skeptical Inquirer January/February, 1996. Posted Quackwatch April 6, 2004.
Quick fixes,, for emotional maladies have struck a responsive chord in the general public, as biopsychologist B. L. Beyerstein (1990) has noted Because these interventions often hold out the hope of alleviating long-standing and previously intractable problems with a minimum of time and effort, they are understandably appealing to both victims of psychological disorders and their would-be healers.

Keywords: Skepticism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

137. Kennert, G. (2008). EMDR und biofeedback in der behandlung von posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen [EMDR and biofeedback in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder]. Forum Psychotherapeutische Praxis, 8(1), 45-46. doi:10.1026/1860-7357.8.1.45b.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract: rezensiert von Gabriele Kennert, In dem von Stefan Jacobs und Anna de Jong vorgestellten Behandlungskonzept werden die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie, das EMDR-Verfahren sowie Biofeedback miteinander kombiniert, um die Angstreaktion im Rahmen traumatisierender Erinnerungen zu verringern bzw. zu hemmen und somit auch die Symptomatik der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung abzubauen. Im ersten Teil des Buches gehen die Autoren eingehend auf den theoretischen Hintergrund (Neurophysiologie, Hirnfunktionen) ein, die mit der neuronalen Bahnung von traumatisierenden Erinnerungen einhergehen. Hierbei vertreten sie die These, dass sich die neuronalen Bahnungen der Traumata nicht löschen lassen, dass sozusagen die Angstreaktion in der Amygdalaregion im Gehirn löschungsresistent ist und es somit in der Konsequenz im Therapieziel nur um die Verringerung der Angstreaktion, bzw. Hemmung der Angstreaktion gehen könne. Konkret modifizieren die Autoren innerhalb des kognitiv, verhaltenstherapeutischen Vorgehens das Modell von Ehlers und Clark, ebenso das EMDR-Verfahren von Shapiro. Das Biofeedbackverfahren nutzen die Autoren als diagnostisches Instrument, um die subjektiven Bewertungen seitens der Patienten und Patientinnen auch objektiv überprüfbar zu machen mit Hilfe der Messung der elektrodermalen Aktivität (EDA). Im zweiten Teil des Buches beschreiben sie detailliert eine wissenschaftliche Studie an 16 Patienten und Patientinnen, die an dem Behandlungsprogramm an der Universität Göttingen teilgenommen haben. Hierbei sei bei allen Patienten und Patientinnen eine signifikante positive Symptomveränderung der PTB nachzuweisen gewesen. Im weiteren Teil des Buches stellen sie ihr ausführliches Therapiekonzept und Behandlungsprotokoll vor. Es wird eingehend auf die Diagnostik (psychologische Testverfahren sowie Biofeedback eingegangen, ein wichtiger Teil ist die Informationsvermittlung sowie Stabilisierung für die Patienten und Patientinnen. Danach erfolgt die Traumabehandlung mit Konfrontation und Integration. Wert wird hierbei in Abgrenzung zu Shapiro auf die frühzeitige Verbindung zur positiven Kognition gelegt in Verbindung mit Hausaufgaben, die die Patienten zwischen den Sitzungen bekommen mit eingehenden Verhaltensübungen. Die Autoren grenzen ein, dass ihre Methode nicht für alle Patienten und Patie tinnen geeignet ist, sondern dissoziative Störungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen sowie Suchtproblematik explizit ausgeschlossen seien. Die Stabilisierungsübungen werden praktisch beschrieben (Sicherer Ort, Tresor), ebenso die praktische Anwendung des Biofeedbackverfahrens sowie das Behandlungsprotokoll für EMDR. Gegen Ende des Bandes schließen sich Fallstudien aus der Arbeit der Autoren an, um die Praxis zu verdeutlichen. Im Anhang gibt es Adressenverzeichnisse über den Bezug von Tests, Biofeedbackgeräten oder Lehrfilmen. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass der Band kurzgefasst, sehr übersichtlich und konkret sowie praxisnah das neuropsychotherapeutische Behandlungsprogramm darstellt, so dass dies hilfreich für die psychotherapeutische Praxis in Bezug auf Traumabehandlungen erscheint. Das Buch richtet sich an Fachleute und ist für Laien eher weniger geeignet.

In the presented text by Stefan Jacobs and Anna de Jong, the treatments approached are the cognitive-behavioral therapy, the EMDR method and biofeedback combined to the fear reaction Framework to reduce traumatic memories or to inhibit and thus the symptoms of reduce post-traumatic stress disorder. In the first part of the book, the authors detail to the theoretical background (neurophysiology, Brain functions, a), the facilitation of the neuronal accompanied by traumatic memories. Here, they argued that the neuronal Facilitations of trauma can not be cleared, so to speak, that the fear response in the Amygdalaregion Brain is resistant to extinction and thus in consequence the goal of therapy just to reduce the fear response, and inhibiting the fear response could. Specifically, the authors modify within the cognitive, behavioral approach, the model by Ehlers and Clark, as well as the method of EMDR Shapiro. The biofeedback method, the authors use as a diagnostic tool for the subjective evaluation on the part of the patients also making objectively verifiable by measuring electrodermal activity (EDA). In the second part of the book they describe in detail a scientific study of 16 male and female patients, where the treatment program at the University Göttingen participated. Here is at all patients, and patients had a significant positive Detect symptom change the PTB have been. In another part of the book they put their detailed Therapeutic approach and treatment protocol first. It will detail the psychological diagnosis ( Test procedures and biofeedback received an important Part is to communicate information and stabilization for male and female patients. Thereafter the confrontation with trauma treatment and integration. Value in this case in contrast to Shapiro on down early connection to the positive cognition in conjunction with homework, the patients who get between meetings with incoming Behavioral exercises. The authors of a frontier that their method is not for All male and female patients is appropriate, but dissociative And personality disorders and addiction are explicitly excluded. The stabilization exercises are described practically (Safe Place, Safe), as well as the practical Application of biofeedback procedure and the treatment protocol for EMDR. Towards the end of the tape to close case studies from the work of the authors in order to clarify the practice. In the appendix, there are records of the address Terms of testing, biofeedback devices or educational films. In summary, one can say that the band concise, very clear and concrete and practical the neuro-psychological treatment program represents, so this is helpful for the psychotherapeutic Practice in relation to trauma treatment appears. The book is aimed at professionals and is for Lay less suitable.

Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

138. ter Heide, J. J. (2008, June). EMDR versus stabilisation in the treatment of traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: Preliminary results of a pilot RCT. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Conference, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Despite the high prevalence of PTSD in refugee populations, it is as yet unclear how to treat traumatised refugees and asylum seekers most effectively. Whilst EMDR is a treatment of choice for PTSD, it is considered good clinical practice to use a phased model of intervention with these patients. In this model, a stabilisation phase precedes EMDR. Many clinicians are reluctant to try EMDR with this population for fear of psychological decompensation. They tend to stick to stabilisation techniques. Centrum ’45 in the Netherlands is a national centre for mental health care, specialising in the treatment of victims of war and organised violence. In order to optimise the mental health care offered, the centre is conducting a pilot RCT to see which is more effective in the treatment of traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: eight sessions of EMDR or eight sessions of stabilisation. The study population consists of 20 adult patients who applied for treatment and who met the DSM-IV criteria of PTSD, excluding those who are suicidal, psychotic, (hypo) manic or who suffer from substance abuse or eating disorders. Patients are screened for participation using the SCID module PTSD and part of the MINI. Symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety, and quality of life are assessed at pre- and post-treatment and follow-up, using the HTQ, HSCL-25 and the WHOQOL-BREF. The pilot study is due to finish in October 2008. In this poster presentation, we present preliminary findings, including data from the pre- and post-treatment assessments.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers Poster Refugees

Accuracy Verified: Yes

139. Mosquera, D. (2012, March). EMDR with trauma and narcissism [EMDR met trauma en narcisme]. Keynote resentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnghem, The Nederlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The devaluation of self and others is a relevant issue in the field of trauma and dissociation but therapy usually focuses on a victim-abuser perspective where we tend to pay attention to victims and their symptoms, and when narcissistic features are described, they tend to be considered as characteristics of the abusive figure. From this perspective, victims are described as depressed, submissive, vulnerable and usually trapped in learned helplessness. Although this picture describes some situations related to maltreatment and abuse, it can be simplistic and minimize or overlook internalization of some abuser features by victims (e.g., the presence of perpetrator-imitator parts in DID). Narcissistic features can be a cause and consequence of traumatization and can be treated effectively with EMDR. Targeting the roots of the symptoms is crucial for an adequate case conceptualization. A core characteristic of narcissism is lack of empathy. While empathy issues can be present in many people with personality disorders, there are two personality disorders that are more related with lack of empathy, and a (sometimes only apparent) lack of concern about the suffering that they can cause in other people: narcissist and antisocial personality disorder. Both types of personalities share this self-centered profile. A description of different profiles characterized by self-centerness, selfish attitude and lack of empathy will be described in this presentation. These aspects may be present in abusers and victims, in overt or subtle presentations. To conceptualize EMDR therapy in these cases it is important to understand the pathway from early experiences to present problems. Narcissism and antisocial features can be final outcomes of a neglecting environment, chronic abuse or excessive appraisal. Different attachment disturbances with primary caregivers can lead to lack of empathy and self-centerness. In some cases, structural dissociation is underlying narcissistic or antisocial features that can characterize some dissociative parts of the personality. All these aspects and the complexity of therapeutic relationship in narcissistic and antisocial personalities will be reviewed in this presentation.

Keywords: Narcissim

Accuracy Verified: Yes

140. Quinn, G. M. (1996, June). EMDR with victims of Jerusalem’s wave of suicide bus bombings and terrorists attacks. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Jerusalem Suicide Bombings Terrorist Attacks

Accuracy Verified: Yes

141. Cooper, A. (1995, June). EMDR with victims of trauma: Protecting your client, protecting yourself. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is an innovative and rapidly expanding new, treatment technique. Therapists are provided with two weekends of intensive training and encouraged to obtain supervision and be active in peer consultation groups and networks, and work to refine their skills. It is uncertain what percentage follow through in this regard. Estimates of the numbers of people who are victims of sexual trauma in our society are staggering (one in 3 girls, one in seven boys). Research finds that approximately half the people who present for psychotherapy have some sexual trauma in their history. EMDR has been hailed as an important new technique in facilitating the treatment of those who have been sexually traumatized. With correct usage, EMDR can greatly facilitate the treatment. At the same time, sexual trauma is a complex and volatile issue and awkward, poorly timed, or overly simplistic usage of EMDR could potentially lead to adverse consequences for the patient and treatment. As with any therapeutic technique or paradigm it can only be as helpful as that of the overall treatment. In addition the mere usage of EMDR will have an impact on the therapy, as well as the therapeutic container, and therapists need to be cognizant of what that impact will be as well as to be sure that they know how to incorporate the patient reactions into the treatment in a positive way and not allow them to undermine, or otherwise detrimentally effect both patient and therapist primary therapy goals. Particularly in these times of increased litigation, malpractice suits, and professional grievances against therapists those professionals utilizing EMDR would be wise to be aware of the particular risks inherent in the patient population in which they work, as well as the inherent vulnerability of utilizing a newly developed technique. In treating sexual trauma many experts agree that the crucible of the therapeutic container- is whether the healing will occur if the therapist sucessfully deals with the challenges the patient will offer lip. Again how those utilizing EMDR negotiates those challenges may be he difference between a successful course of therapy and a disaster. Finally, working with sexual trauma is an emotionally, intellectually, and sometimes physically demanding undertaking. Many therapists do not fully realize or acknowledge the toll that this type of work exacts and may be blind to the countertransferentia1 responses which arise and how they are communicated to the patient. In this workshop we will first reveal, some of the current thinking on the primary treatment issues (and obstacles) in therapy with victims of sexual trauma. We will then examine how and when is the most propitious time to use EMDR with this population and what reactions patients are likely to have to this type of intervention. Specific ways that EMDR and its implementation may activate certain issues in sexual trauma victims be elucidated as well as strategies for addressing those issues. Finally participants will engage in a series of experiential exercises designed to heighten their awareness of their own personal reactions and feelings (i.e., countertransference) to working with the intensity of sexual trauma. Once again these potential reactions will be linked to more or less effective usage of EMDR.

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

142. Bardin, A. (2004). EMDR within a family system perspective. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 15(3), 47-61. doi:10.1300/J085v15n03_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR is a method used to help the individual trauma victim process the psychological aftereffects of trauma (PTSD). The effects of traumatic experiences, however, spread throughout the victim's family. The case presented here describes the treatment from three perspectives: individual, family, and social context (eco-social). EMDR, used with a nine-year-old stabbing victim, was integrated into wider therapeutic work within the family. This integration widened the focus from the IP to other members of the system, allowing the use of EMDR to “spread” to four out of the five family members. The effects of the trauma on the family and its members were most effectively treated by a combination of individually and systemically oriented interventions.

Keywords: Clinical Case Study Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Family Family Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Therapeutic Process Trauma Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

143. Zampieri, A. M. F. (2009, Junio). EMDR y ayuda humanitaria para las victimas de catástrofes de Santa Catarina [EMDR and humanitarian aid for victims of disasters of Santa Catarina]. Presentación en el IX Congreso Internacional de Estrés Traumático y Trastornos de Ansiedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Keywords: Children Disaster Humanatarian Aid Santa Catarina

Accuracy Verified: Yes

144. Zampieri, A. M. F. (2009, Junio). EMDR y ayuda humanitaria para las victimas de catástrofes de Santa Catarina [EMDR humanitarian aid for victims of disasters of Santa Catarina]. Presentación en X Congreso Internacional de Estres Traumatico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Keywords: Disasters Humanitarian Aid Santa Catarina Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

145. 天野タマキ市井雅哉 [Amano Tamaki, and Ichii Masaya]. (2009年5月). EMDR痴呆（BPSD）の行動と精神的症状の治療 [Treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) with EMDR]. EMDR研究1（1）、24から33 [Japanese Journal of EMDR Research and Practice, 1(1), 24-33].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
回想療法と検証療法などの非薬物療法が BPSD（の行動と精神的症状の治療に過去の記憶へのアクセス認知症）が有効であることが証明されている。眼球運動脱感作と再処理（はEMDR）また、メモリにアクセスする治療の別のフォームは、効果が証明されています外傷性記憶の処理。本論文では、2つのBPSDの場合はによって引き起こされると考えられて traumaric思い出とEMDRによる処理が記載されている：最初の67歳女性歳アルツハイマー病の早期発症に苦しむ患者と、2番目の85歳の男性歳血管性認知症の患者。外傷性記憶を処理の結果 EMDR、女性患者ののろいが低下慢性的な、彼女は多くの場合、笑顔。と男性患者の不安と大きな声を大幅に削減されます。これらの結果は衝撃的な記憶によって引き起こされるいくつかのBPSDの場合に効果的な心理療法としてEMDRを示す

Non-pharmacological therapies such as Reminiscence therapy and Validation therapy which access to past memories in the treatment of BPSD (behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia) have been proven to be effective. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), another form of therapy which also accesses to memory, has been proven effective in the processing of traumatic memories. In this paper, two BPSD cases believed to be caused by traumaric memories and treated by EMDR are discussed: the first with a 67-year-old female patient suffering from early-onset Alzheimer's disease, and the second with an 85-year-old male patient suffering from vascular dementia. As a result of processing traumatic memories with EMDR, the female patient's chronic cursing decreases and she smiles more often. and the male patient's restlessness and loud voice are drastically reduced. These results indicate EMDR as an effective psychotherapy for some BPSD cases which are caused by traumatic memories.

Keywords: Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia BPSD Non-Pharmacological Therapies Resource Development and Installation RDI

Accuracy Verified: Yes

146. Errebo, N., Knipe, J., Forte, K., Karlin, V., & Altayli, B. (2008). EMDR-HAP training in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 124-139. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.124.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
On December 26, 2004, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean triggered a catastrophic tsunami. In Sri Lanka, 35,000 people died, 21,000 were injured, and more than half a million were displaced. An EMDR training program was conducted as a joint project of three organizations: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP), International Relief Teams (IRT), and the Sri Lankan National Counselors Association (SRILNAC). Between March and December 2005, 30 Sri Lankan counselors were trained in EMDR. These counselors demonstrated competence in EMDR on several measures, treated more than 1,000 children and more than 350 adult tsunami victims with EMDR in 2005, provided narrative reports and outcome measures for most of their clients, and formed the Sri Lanka EMDR Association (SEA). The crucial steps in establishing and implementing this training program are explained, with a summary of the subjective impressions and learning experiences most valued by the training team, including an excerpt from a trainer's journal. This information may be useful to future cross-cultural humanitarian efforts following large-scale disasters. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Children Cross-Cultural Treatment Humanitarian Efforts Indian Ocean Tsunami Mental Health Personnel Personal Narrative Professional Training Sri Lanka Sri Lankans Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Tsunamis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

147. Vojtova, H. (2005, June). EMDR-therapy with a patient traumatized during her three marriages – A case study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The case study presents EMDR-psychotherapy on a female patient, physically and emotionolly abused by her partners during the course of three marriages. EMDR-therapy was the second part of the therapeutic process; the first part successfully treated PTSD (the patient was violently raped by a stranger) using imaginative stabilisation techniques a half a year ago. Complex PTSD symptoms in the patient (constant tension, sleep disorder, anxiety, anhedonia] surfaced during a new relationship. Therapy took 6 sessions in 8 weeks, in 3 of which the EMDR-technique was used. At the end of therapy all symptoms decreased and feelings of inferiority were transformed into increased self-worth, self-confidence, inner satisfaction and new autonomy.
The participants will obtain encouraging information about successful shortterm EMDR therapy of chronic PTS

Keywords: Poster Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

148. Acierno, R. E., & Cahill, S. P. (1999, January-April). EMDR: Commentary, data, and protocol specification. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 1-3.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
When Michel Hersen asked me (RA) to put together this Special Issue on Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), I quickly agreed. I was extremely excited about the opportunity to compile examples of both emerging, methodologically rigorous clinical research and “second-generation” protocol specification (e.g., EMDR methods for phobias). My excitement stemmed from the fact that the procedure seemed to produce positive effects in victims of severe trauma. Something was happening, and we were compelled to find out what, why, and how.

Keywords: Commentary Editorial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

149. Ilic, Z. P, Lecic-Tosevski, D. M., Bokonjic, S., Drakulic, B., & Jovic, V. (1999). EMDR: Kognitivno bihejvioralna metoda u lecenju posttraumatskog stresnog poremecaja kod zrtava torture [EMDR: Cognitive behavioral method for posttraumatic stress disorder in torture victims]. Psihijatrija Danas, 31(2-3), 245-269.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
(In both English and Serbian) The experience of confinement to prison with exposure to psychophysical torture is the stress of the highest intensity frequently leading (48.4% in our research) to the development of PTSD with a tendency towards chronicity. In the programme for torture victims at the Stress Clinic we also use EMDR-cognitive behavioral method of desensitization and reprocessing (cognitive restructuration) by rapid eye movements which proved to be very effective and became the part of the integrative therapeutic procedure. The paper discusses the theoretical concept of this method and provides case presentation. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Serbs Survivors Torture Yugoslav Wars of Secession

Accuracy Verified: Yes

150. Doner, K. (1994, September). EMDR: Miracle cure or sleight of hand? . . . Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. American Health, 13(7), 78-79.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Thousands of victims of phobias, rape, childhood abuse, natural disasters, and combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder have benefited from a controversial new treatment called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Developed in the late 1980s by psychologist Francine Shapiro, EMDR involves having patients move their eyes back and forth, following a practitioner's fingers, while the practitioner evokes an image or feeling about a specific trauma. Shapiro speculates that the method may unlock traumatic feelings and pictures from the nervous system because the eye movements in EMDR are similar to movements that occur during REM sleep, which is when the brain processes disturbing memories. Researchers are currently trying to measure the effectiveness of EMDR, which is used by an estimated 7,000 therapists across the U.S. Some critics dismiss EMDR as pop psychology promoted by hucksters.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

151. Eschenröder, C. T. (1997). EMDR: Eine neue methode zur verarbeitung traumatischer erinnerungen [EMDR: A new method for the processing of traumatic memories]. Tübingen, Germany: Dgvt-Verlag..

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Die von Francine Shapiro entwickelte innovative EMDR-Methode (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing/Augenbewegungs-Desensibilisierung und Neubearbeitung) hat in der Fachwelt großes Aufsehen erregt, so sehr grenzte sie an Zauberei. Ursprünglich für die Behandlung von Trauma-Opfern gedacht, erschließen sich mittlerweile weitere Anwendungsbereiche. Was ist davon zu halten? Dieser Frage wird im vorliegenden Band beantwortet, der über den aktuellen Stand des Wissens zur EMDR informiert und zahlreiche Anwendungsbeispiele aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen und psychotherapeutischen Schulen vorstellt. Es zeigt sich, daß EMDR vor allem bei der Verarbeitung vergangener belastender Erlebnisse in manchen Fällen in erstaunlich kurzer Zeit zu einem Abklingen negativer Emotionen sowie zu neuen Einsichten und spontanen Veränderungen von Vorstellungsbildern führt.

The innovative, developed by Francine Shapiro EMDR method (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) / eye movement desensitization and revision in the professional world has a great sensation, much as it bordered on magic. Originally developed for the treatment of trauma victims intended to open up further application areas now. What should we make of it? This question is answered in this volume, which informs about the current state of knowledge on EMDR and presents numerous examples from different fields and schools of psychotherapy. It turns out that EMDR leads mainly to the processing of past stressful experiences, in some cases in a remarkably short time, a decay of negative emotions, leading to new insights and changes of spontaneous mental images.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

152. Solomon, E. P., Solomon, R. M., & Heide, K. M. (2009, October). EMDR: An evidence-based treatment for victims of trauma. Victims & Offenders, 4(4), 391 - 397. doi:10.1080/15564880903227495.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
More than half of the United States population has been affected by psychological trauma. Many individuals who survive traumatic experiences develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related psychological problems. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for such disorders. EMDR focuses on reprocessing the dysfunctionally stored memories of the traumatic experience, enabling the client to progress through appropriate stages of affect and insight to reach an adaptive resolution regarding critical issues such as personal responsibility, safety in the present, and the availability of choices in the future. This article describes EMDR, discusses studies of its effectiveness, and concludes with recommendations for trauma-related policy and practice.

Keywords: Child Abuse Crime Victims Evidence-Based Treatment Postraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Traumatic Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

153. Quinn, G. (2013, May). EMDR: Immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Disasters Emergency Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

154. Shapiro, F. & Forrest, M. S. (2008). EMDR: Una terapia revolucionaria para superar la ansiedad, el estrés y los traumas [EMDR: The breakthrough therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress and trauma]. Barcelona: Kairós.

Language: Spanish

Format: Book

Abstract:
Accesible y bien documentado, este examen provee una introducción al método innovador de terapia de desensibilización y reprocesamiento a través de los movimientos oculares (EMDR, según su sigla en inglés)—una terapia de corto plazo para tratar a víctimas de traumas que utiliza estimulación rítmica como el movimiento de ojos o palmaditas de mano—y describe sus diferentes aplicaciones. Se provee una serie de testimonios de algunos de los casi dos millones de pacientes tratados con EMDR para demostrar la eficacia de esta revolucionaria técnica.

Accessible and well documented, this examination provides an introduction to the groundbreaking method of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)—a short-term therapy for treating trauma victims that utilizes rhythmical stimulation such as eye movement or hand taps—and describes its application in various cases. Several case studies from some of the nearly two million patients who have been treated with EMDR are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this revolutionary technique.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

155. Doner, K. (1994, April). EMDR: A radical new treatment for psychological trauma. Self, 16(4), 70.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract: Reports on the eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a psychotherapy method. Therapy for victims of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); Methodology of EMDR; Development in 1987 by Francine Shapiro, senior research fellow at the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, California; Relief on 100,000 people; Belief on EMDR; Number of therapists trained in the method.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

156. Shapiro, F. (1999). EMDR: Working with grief. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig Tucker and Co.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
Sit in on therapy with the masters! This video is part of the innovative "Brief Therapy Inside Out" series - a unique series that puts you directly in the therapy room to watch as leading therapists demonstrate their approaches in 45-minute, unrehearsed clinical sessions with real clients (not actors). EMDR founder Francine Shapiro has trained over 30,000 clinicians worldwide in her unique approach to the treatment of trauma. Known formally as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR has been used successfully in critical incident work with victims of such tragedies as the Oklahoma City bombing, with both single-incident rape and incest survivors, with survivors of chronic abuse, even with treatment-resistant Vietnam vets. Here, Shapiro illustrates her eight-phase EMDR protocol with Angie, a recovering addict struggling with the sudden loss of her lover. While the exact neural mechanisms underlying EMDR are still not precisely understood, what is clear is that with skilled use of this potent reprocessing treatment, painful experiences that used to take months or years to treat have been resolved in as few as one to three 90-minute sessions. The videotape provides a singular introduction to this powerful approach as demonstrated by its extremely skilled founder. The clinical session is preceded by an introductory interview with series hosts Drs. Jon Carlson and Diane Kjos in which Shapiro explains basic principles underlying her approach. The video closes with a Q&A segment in which key interactions from the eight-phase treatment protocol are replayed and discussed. 95 minutes.

Keywords: Grief

Accuracy Verified: Yes

157. 市井雅哉 [Ichii Masaya]. (2008年6月). EMDR…トラウマ治療の新常識 [EMDR ... a new common sense of trauma treatment]. こころの臨床ア・ラカルト, 29(2), 163-344 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects], 27(2), 163-344.

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
《今回の特集：EMDR…トラウマ治療の新常識》本誌でEMDR（眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法）を，「これは奇跡だろうか！」と紹介してから10年。今やPTSDのみならず，ボーダーラインや発達障害の領域でもめざましい治療効果を発揮し，心理療法のあり方そのものをダイナミックに変革しようとしています。本特集ではさまざまな疑問に答える50のQ&Aや座談会など多方面から，「奇跡を確実に，安全に起こす治療法」として，再びEMDRの魅力と可能性に迫ります。

"The topic of today: EMDR ... a new sense of trauma treatment" The publication EMDR (and re-treatment of eye movement desensitization), and "Will this be a miracle!" From 10 years to introduce. Now not only PTSD, but demonstrated a remarkable therapeutic effect and developmental disabilities borderline area, trying to transform itself into a dynamic way of psychotherapy. In this special issue is to answer 50 questions from various fields, various Q & A and roundtable discussion, "Surely a miracle cure for lead safe" as the possibility looms again appeal and EMDR.

Keywords: Autism Spectrum Children Crime Victims DESNOS Gender Identification Disorders Hypnotism Loss of Coordination Disorder Parents Phobias Sexual Abuse Victims Traumatic Bereavement Truancy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

158. Quinn, G., & Zucker, D. (2008, June). Emergency EMDR & ERP (Emergency Response Procedure): Treatment following natural man made disasters for victims experiencing immediate high stress and including the period of ASD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is believed that PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated early. Although usually used at a later time, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) Disaster Manual, was developed to deal with victims of natural and man made disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to these clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing Debriefing and ERP. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors of the earthquake in Turkey and the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war in Israel. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented and followed by a practicum. [There are 2 PDF files.]

Keywords: Emergency Response Procedure ERP

Accuracy Verified: Yes

159. Quinn, G. (2007, March). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the Fifth annual EMDR UK & Ireland Conference, Glasgow, Scotland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The workshop on Emergency EMDR will give an overview of crisis intervention and principles of critical incident debriefing following man made and natural disasters. There will be a review of the Neurobiology of Stress and PTSD. The various protocols of EMDR will be discussed such as the standard Protocol, the Recent Events Protocol and the group protocol. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), that can be used within hours of a traumatic Incident, will be discussed with case examples demonstrating its usefulness in many cases of Acute Stress Reaction and Disorder. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. All of this will be discussed with case examples of victims treated after terrorist attacks and war in Israel and after the Tsunami in 2004. There will be a practicum on Group EMDR.

Keywords: Katyushas, Man-Made Disasters Terrorist Bombings Tsunami

Accuracy Verified: Yes

160. Quinn, G. (2007, June). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the World Psychatric Association Meeting, Seoul, Korea.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Emergency EMDR Man-Made Disasters Natural Disasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

161. Quinn, G. (2007, June). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established theory for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) Disaster Manual and developed to deal with victims of terror within hours of exposure to trauma, will be discussed and taught. Participants will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma utilizing Debriefing and ERP. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and PTSD with survivors of the earthquake in Turkey and the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror in Jerusalem and those in bomb shelters during the last Lebanon war. In this presentation, the Recent Events Protocol will be reexamined with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. The EMDR Group Protocol, used with large numbers of disaster victims needing simultaneous treatment, will be presented and followed by a practicum.

Keywords: Emergency EMDR Man-Made Disasters Natural Disasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

162. Quinn, G. (2009). Emergency response procedure. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 271-276). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was initially developed to help victims within hours of a terrorist attack, but can be applied in the immediate aftermath of any trauma. Patients may present with "silent terror," shaking and inability to speak, or if they are verbal, often they are in a highly agitated state. The procedure has been used in the emergency room and during hospitalization. It is also appropriate for immediate intervention at the scene of critical incidents such as car accidents, earthquakes, natural or man-made disasters, and in ambulances. While taking an initial history, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR, ERP can be put into effect if patients suddenly abreact. This procedure presumes familiarity with the Standard EMDR Protocol of which it is an adaptation. Clinicians highly experienced in dealing with patients immediately after a traumatic event—who are not familiar with EMDR—will still benefit from this report. Note: This procedure has not received official sanctioning from the EMDR Institute and has not been validated by research. This procedure can only be considered after all medical needs have been evaluated or treated. The Emergency Response Procedure Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]

Keywords: Emergency Response Procedure Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

163. Quinn, G. (2006, August). Emergency room (ER) protocol. In Judi Guedalia & Francis Yoeli, EMDR Protocol for ER and Wards, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This section EMDR treatment immediately after a traumatic event. The treatment combines shock treatments with ingredients From EMDR. This treatment protocol is not official yet and would like to bring a summary of our experience in treating victims of terrorism in the ICU. Representative of the protocol has been formulated so far (it probably will take some developments) as well as a case study illustrates the use of the protocol. Nurse in the ICU is Dr. Judy Gedalia receiving immediate training. Yoeli Francis on line. SCREENING When the patient is showing dissociative responses to the trauma, hysterical paralysis, fugue-like state, we don’t attempt EMDR. As the Patients are usually in the ER for many many hours (5-8) opportunities present themselves to assess the patients ability to communicate by various means.
The EMDR-ER© Protocol is used with patients who do not seem able to move on to the ambulatory staging area (are still on gurney’s) and display difficulty in being able to re-assume normal- appropriate with the situation- physical and psychological, behavioral function Also EMDR is not used in the ER with patients who seem to have below borderline intelligence. I have used EMDR in the ER with patients whose language I didn’t know (Amharic for example), with an interpreter present with good results.

Keywords: Emergency Room Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

164. Grainger, R., Levin, C., Allen-Byrd, L., Doctor, R., & Lee, H. (1997, October). An empirical evaluation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with survivors of a natural disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10(4), 665-671. doi:10.1023/A:1024806105473.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Controlled studies of treatments effective with victims of natural disasters are almost nonexistent. This is a small study conducted under difficult conditions to test the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treating trauma related reactions following Hurricane Andrew. The results were positive in that EMDR produced significant improvement over wait list controls in perceived posttraumatic avoidance behaviors and thoughts as measured by changes in the Impact of Event Scale and significant improvement in subjective aversive reactions to representative experiences of the hurricane. These results suggest and support other studies that EMDR can be an effective therapeutic intervention for trauma reactions. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Disaster Effects Empirical Study Hurricane Andrew (1992) Hurricanes Longitudinal Study Non-Randomized Study Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

165. D'Anca, J. A. (1996). Employing eye movement, desensitization/reorientation (EMDR) to treat posttraumatic stress disorder: A case study. Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. AAT 9701975.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The author presents a case study of a 42- year-old white female, the victim of multiple sexual traumas resulting in PTSD. Eye Movement Desensitization/Reorientation (EMDR), a relatively new technique, is employed within the broader context of talk therapy to effect change. EMDR's therapeutic effectiveness is evaluated on a trauma-by-trauma basis through Subjective Units of Distress (SUD), pre- and post-treatment. The maintenance of sustained effected change in SUD ratings is monitored over time on a monthly basis throughout psychotherapy's duration. The patient's changes in overall level of functioning resulting from EMDR and talk therapy are evaluated through changes in MMPI and Rorschach scores. Patient progress is monitored three times through the assessment combination of these two measures: pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. This study addresses the following questions: Is Eye Movement Desensitization/Reorientation an effective technique in decreasing or eliminating symptomatology and psychopathology resulting from PTSD; and are any therapeutic benefits from its use maintained over a period of at least one year? Finally, what changes in the patient's overall level of functioning result from the combination of EMDR and talk therapy?The review of literature presents four models of PTSD: (a) the information processing model, (b) the psychological model, (c) the structural-developmental model (Fluid character pathology), and (d) the structural-developmental model (Dysregulation of impulse). These models offer a basis for conceptualizing PTSD as well as present the typical features of this pathology. The current diagnostic criteria for diagnosis as presented in DSM-IV also are included. Finally, a comprehensive review of the current literature available on Eye Movement Desensitization is presented. Results from the employ of EMDR evidence substantial reduction of PTSD symptomatology for all traumas treated. The reduction of symptomatology sustained for as long as 26 months. A summary of the case, findings, discussion of relevant information along with recommendations completes this work. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 57(8-B), Feb 1997, pp. 5321.

Keywords: Adults Adult Child Abuse Case Study Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

166. Datta, P., & Wallace, J. W. (1996, June). Enhancement of victim empathy along with reduction in anxiety and increase of positive cognition of sex offenders after treatment with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment of sex offenders who have been themselves sexually abused in their childhood, offers a significant challenge for many therapists. The traumas related to abuse are unique to the individual offender and need to be addressed to enhance victim empathy that is so crucial in breaking the cycle of offense. Treatment of a group of sexually abused adolescent sex offenders using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) showed reduction in anxiety and increase in positive cognition. A pre- and post-treatment evaluation using the Datta Empathy Scale (DES), after an average of 3 sessions, showed a significant increase in empathy for respective victims. The DES was administered one year after the cessation of EMDR treatment and the results showed a sustaining effect of EMDR on victim empathy, anxiety and positive cognition.

Keywords: Empathy Sex Offenders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

167. Datta, P. C., & Wallace, J. W. (1996, November). Enhancement of victim empathy along with reduction in anxiety and increase of positive cognition of sex offenders after treatment with EMDR: Maintenance after three years. Presentation at the EMDR Special Interest Group at the Annual Convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New York.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment of sex offenders who have been themselves sexually abused n their childhood, offers a significant challenge for many therapists. The traumas related to abuse are unique to the individual offender and need to be addressed to enhance victim empathy that is so crucial in breaking the cycle of offense. Treatment of a group of sexually abused adolescent sex offenders using eye movement desensittization and reprocessing (EMDR) showed reduction in anxiety and increase in positive cognition. A pre- and post-treatment evaluation using the Datta Empathy Scale (DES), after an average of 3 sessions, showed a significant increase in empathy for respective victims. The victim empathy (using DES), anxiety (using SUDS0, and cognition control (using VoC scale) were also measured in the available subjects one year after and three years after the cessation of EMDR treatment, the results showed a sustaining effect of EMDR on victim empathy, anxiety, and positive cognition.

Keywords: Anxiety Sex Offenders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

168. Moor, A. (2003, September). Enhancing EMDR treatment of rape victims with intervention derived from feminist therapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Feminist Therapy Poster Rape

Accuracy Verified: Yes

169. Levin, C. (1993, July/August). The enigma of EMDR: An intriguing, new treatment method promises dramatic results. Family Therapy Networker, 17(4), 75-83.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
EMDR produces extraordinarily rapid results. Therapists across the country are reporting success with Vietnam veterans, incest victims and other survivors of trauma. This article describes its successful use in curing sexual problems attributed to childhood trauma.

Keywords: Case Report Diseases Males Middle Aged Professional Criticism Professional Criticism Reply Sexual Dysfunctions Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

170. Stofsel, M. (2005, November). Ervaringen met EMDR bij complex trauma [Experience with complex trauma and EMDR]. Presentatie op het Eerste Congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Binnen de instelling waar ik werk, het SinaiCentrum (gespecialiseerd in de behandeling van de psychische gevolgen van structureel geweld bij slachtoffers van de tweede wereldoorlog (concentratiekampoverlevende, jappenkampoverlevenden, verzetsmensen, burgeroorlogsgetroffenen), de tweede generatie, vluchtelingen, asielzoekers en veteranen uit recente oorlogsgebieden treffen wij vooral type 2 trauma/complex trauma aan. De afgelopen drie jaar heb ik een ruime ervaring opgegaan met de toepassing van EMDR bij deze doelgroepen.
De toepassing van EMDR bij type 2 trauma is een nog relatief nieuw gebeid. In deze lezing wil ik stilstaan bij de ervaringen met betrekking tot - de indicatiestelling en diagnostiek, - stabilisatiefase, therapeutische relatie en de organisatorische inbedding hiervan, - keuzes met betrekking tot de te bewerken situaties en hoe beelden van mekaar te onderscheiden, - abrecations, - aantal sessies, - de taaiheid en soms moeizame vooruitgang, - verwevenheid met andere problematiek, - de fouten die gemaakt kunnen worden.
Ik zal een ander illustreren met enig video-materiaal Daarna gelegenheid tot diskussie.

Within the institution where I work, the Sinai Center specializing in the treatment of psychological consequences of structural violence in victims of WWII (concentration camp survivor, Japanese camp survivors, resisters, civil war victims), second generation refugees, asylum seekers and veterans of recent war zones we especially take Type 2 trauma / complex trauma. In the last three years I have extensive experience in applying EMDR absorbed by these groups.
The application of EMDR in type 2 trauma is a relatively new gebeid. In this lecture, I want to experience on - The indication and diagnostics, - Stabilization phase, therapeutic relationship and the organizational embedding of this, - Choices about the situations and how to edit images of each to distinguish - Abrecations, - Number of sessions, - The toughness and sometimes painful progress - Integration with other problems, - The mistakes that can be made.
I will illustrate with some video material with the opportunity for discussion afterwards.

Keywords: Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

171. Aubert-Khalfa, S., Roques, J., & Blin, O. (2008). Evidence of a decrease in heart rate and skin conductance responses in PTSD patients after a single EMDR session. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 51-56. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.51.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Patients with PTSD demonstrate abnormal psychophysiological responses to stressful events. Given that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy appears to be a treatment of choice for trauma victims, the aim of the present study was to determine if psychophysiological responses to stress decreased after a single EMDR session. 6 PTSD patients were treated by an EMDR therapist. Their psychophysiological responses (heart rate and skin conductance) were recorded before and after the EMDR session under two conditions: (a) in a relaxed state and (b) while visualizing their own traumatic event. At the end of the session, all patients had a significant reduction in their PTSD symptoms, which confirms previous results demonstrating the efficacy of the EMDR approach. Second, after only one EMDR session, heart rate and skin conductance during the trauma recall decreased significantly as compared to a relaxing state. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Arousal Clinical Trial Electrodermal Activity Empirical Study French Heart Rate Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Quantitative Study Skin Conductance Stressors Survivors Treatment Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

172. ter Heide, J. J., Mooren, T., & Kleber, R. (2009, November). Evidence-based vs. good practice: The treatment of traumatized refugees with EMDR. In M. Olff, J. J. Ter Heide, M. J. Nijdam, & S. Guay (Chairs), Advances in evidence-based treatment for PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 25th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Despite the scientific evidence concerning the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD, in clinical practice many clinicians are reluctant to apply EMDR to traumatized asylum seekers and refugees. Because they regard the traumatization of this population as too complex, and for fear of psychological decompensation, they tend to avoid confrontation with traumatic memories and stick to stabilization techniques. In a pilot study with 20 traumatized asylum seekers and refugees, we tested the hypothesis that, in accordance with treatment guidelines, EMDR would be more effective than stabilization in asylum seekers and refugees. Adult asylum seekers and refugees who applied for treatment at Centrum ’45, a Dutch national centre for psychological treatment of victims of war and organized violence, were randomly allocated to either 11 sessions of EMDR or 11 sessions of stabilization. PTSD and comorbid symptomatology and quality of life were assessed at pre- and post-treatment and three-month follow-up. In this presentation, the results of this pilot RCT will be discussed. Significant differences favouring EMDR over stabilization were found. Despite several drawbacks including a high drop-out and limited clinical improvement, study design seems feasible with this population.

Keywords: Evidence-Based Good Practice Refugees Symposium Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

173. Gezondheidsraad (2011, June). Executive summary. In Gezondheidsraad Behandeling van de gevolgen van kindermishandeling (pp. 15-20). Den Haag: Gezondheidsraad.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Compiled at the request of the Aan de staatssecretaris van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, [The The Secretary of State for Health, Welfare and Sport] requested Gezondheidsraad [the Health Council of the Netherlands] compile this 130 page national report on child abuse. This report includes EMDR as a major tool for the treatment of abuse children. The text is in Dutch except for the "Executive Summary" which is in English. Abstract: Request for advice: Child abuse has always been with us and it takes many different forms. It is estimated that more than 100,000 children are abused in the Netherlands each year. In recent years, the government has taken strong measures to improve the prevention, detection, and reporting of child abuse. Given the lack of clarity concerning the available treatment options for juvenile and adult victims of child abuse, the Minister for Youth and Family has requested the Health Council’s advice on this matter. He asked for a summary of the current level of knowledge regarding treatment of the effects of child abuse, and an explanation of the nature of these effects. He further requested an indication of the care requirement, and recommendations on how the care for victims can be improved.

Keywords: Abuse Children Guidelines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

174. Blore, D. C., Farrell, D., & Clifford, C. (2008, June). The experience of post traumatic growth amongst road traffic accidents victims who have completed EMDR treatment: A status report on research. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Conference, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
According to Tedeschi & Calhoun (1995; 2004 and 2006), Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) consists of five ‘domains’: discovery of new possibilities in life; improvements in relating to others; an increased sense of personal strength; greater appreciation of life and spiritual changes. The first author’s experience of treating Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) victims with Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR) suggests that the experience of PTG is far wider and more complicated than Tedeschi & Calhoun’s domains. This paper reports on the current status of a study whose aim is to identify PTG that may be occurring at any point from the immediate aftermath of an RTA through to completion of EMDR. The study so far consists of 11 interviews utilising an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology. So far well over 50 PTG themes have emerged although only the first hermeneutical analysis has been completed on the interviews analysed so far, it is currently difficult, therefore, to establish the degree of ‘theme overlap’. However, new themes include growth ‘by proxy’ (growth in those who have come into contact with the participants, but who have not themselves been traumatised by the RTA); somewhat paradoxically, ‘pre-trauma growth’ apparently activated by a subsequent RTA; and a ‘cascade’ of growth attributed to events subsequent to the initial trauma (such as the EMDR and the EMDR therapist). Some implications of these themes are also discussed, particularly in relation to EMDR.

Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

175. Shapiro, F. (1991, May). Eye movement desensitization & reprocessing procedure: From EMD to EMD/R--A new treatment model for anxiety and related traumata. the Behavior Therapist, 14(5), 133-135.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This article examines the author's physiological explanation for the efficacy of eye movement desensitization, referencing the use of this treatment in her earlier (1989) study of Vietnam War veterans and victims of rape who had PTSD-related symptoms and traumatic memories.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

176. Muris, P., & de Jongh, A. (1996, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Kind en Adolescent, 17(3), 128-134. doi:10.1007/BF03060628.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een nieuwe behandelingsmethode voor posttraumatische stress–stoornis en andere trauma–gerelateerde angstklachten. In essentie behelst EMDR het volgende: cliënten nemen een traumatische of aversieve herinnering in gedachten en voeren onderwijl oogbewegingen uit door de hand van de therapeut te volgen. Onder invloed van de oogbewegingen zouden negatieve herinneringen hun pathogene karakter verliezen en alsnog adequaat worden verwerkt. Na een beknopte uiteenzetting over de achtergrond van EMDR en de toepassing van deze techniek bij kinderen, wordt de procedure beschreven en toegelicht aan de hand van twee gevalsbeschrijvingen. Speciale aandacht gaat daarbij uit naar behandelingsaspecten die voor het gebruik van EMDR bij kinderen relevant kunnen zijn. EMDR lijkt een nuttige aanvulling op reeds beschikbare behandelingsvormen. Vooralsnog is een kritische houding echter geboden.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new treatment for post traumatic stress disorder and other trauma-related anxiety. EMDR involves essentially the following: clients take an aversive or traumatic memory in mind and implement the while eye movements in the hands of the therapist to follow. Under the influence of eye movements were negative memories lose their pathogenic character and still be properly processed. After a brief discussion of the background of EMDR and the application of this technique in children, the procedure is described and illustrated by two case reports. Special attention is paid to aspects of treatment for the use of EMDR in children may be relevant. EMDR appears to be a useful complement the available treatment modalities. For now, however, offered a critical attitude.

Keywords: Anxiety Case Report Children Female Phobias Spider Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma-Related Anxiety

Accuracy Verified: Yes

177. MacCulloch, M. J. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 5, 120-125. doi:10.1192/apt.5.2.120.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) was described by Shapiro (1989a,b)as a new method for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In May 1987, while walking in the park, Shapiro noticed that her own disturbing thoughts changed then disappeared "without any conscious effort" (Shapiro, 1995) when they had been tempor ally paired with diagonal upward to and fro eye movements. Over the next six months Shapiro worked with approximately 70 people to develop a procedure based on the temporal pairing of distressing images and thoughts with various eye movements. Shapiro began to develop strategies to unblock stalled emotional processing, which was initiated by EMDR in non-patients. She successfully tried the method on a Vietnam veteran suffering from severe PTSD and then embarked upon a trial of EMDR on a mixed group of victims of rape, molestation and Vietnam combat trauma. Initially, EMDR achieved wide recognition as a new break through treatment for PTSD. This was, in part, because of very positive early reports (e.g. Wolpe & Abrams, 1991), but also because the EMDR effect appeared to occur with unprecedented speed, often in cases of PTSD that had previously resisted treatment by many other methods over a long period.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

178. Shapiro, F. (2001, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the anxiety disorders: Clinical and research implications of an integrated psychotherapy treatment. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(1), 43-75.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Four recent, independent, rigorously controlled studies of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have reported that 84 to 100% of single trauma victims no longer maintain the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis after the equivalent of 3 90-minute sessions. The rapidity of EMDR treatment effects makes many ancillary research opportunities available. Specifically, the increased number of cases resolved in a relatively short period of time allows investigation of neurophysiological phenomena, patterns of cognitive and emotional processing, component analyses of a large range of procedural factors, and evaluation of the efficacy of application to diverse clinical populations. This article describes the procedures and protocols that are believed to contribute to EMDR's clinical effects and are, therefore, suggested for the EMDR treatment and research of the anxiety disorders. This is particularly relevant given the misconceptions that have abounded due to the unfortunate naming of the procedure after the eye movements, which have proved to be only one of many useful types of stimulation, and only one of many components of this complex, integrated treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Research Needs Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

179. Shapiro, F. (1999, January-April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the anxiety disorders: Clinical and research implications of an integrated psychotherapy treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 35-67. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00038-3.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Four recent, independent, rigorously controlled studies of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have reported that 84 to 100% of single-trauma victims no longer maintain the posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions. The rapidity of EMDR treatment effects makes many ancillary research opportunities available. Specifically, the increased number of cases resolved in a relatively short period of time allows investigation of neurophysiological phenomena, patterns of cognitive and emotional processing, component analyses of a large range of procedural factors, and evaluation of the efficacy of application to diverse clinical populations. Unfortunately, some research has been conducted that has been severely hampered by insufficient treatment fidelity and lack of clinical validity. Consequently, this article will attempt to describe the procedures and protocols that are believed to contribute to EMDR's clinical effects and are, therefore, suggested for the EMDR treatment and research of the anxiety disorders. This is particularly relevant given the misconceptions that have abounded due to the unfortunate naming of the procedure after the eye movements, which have proved to be only one of many useful types of stimulation, and only one of many components of this complex, integrated treatment. [PubMed]

[Note: Erratum in Journal of Anxiety Disorders 13(6), 621, Nov-Dec 1999]

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Research Needs

Accuracy Verified: Yes

180. Renssen, M. R., & Winkel, F. W. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bij verkeersslachtoffers met chronische whiplash-klachten: Een exploratieve studie naar het verzachten va traumasymptomen [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in road casualties with chronic whiplash injuries: An exploratory study to alleviate symptoms of trauma]. Directieve Therapie, 19(4), 148-156. doi:10.1007/BF03060223.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Dit onderzoek bij verkeersslachtoffers met whiplash-klachten maakte deel uit van een omvangrijker studie naar de kwaliteit van hulpverlening aan slachtoffers van verkeersongevallen, in het kader van het Achmea-project ‘Kwaliteit Slachtofferhulp’. Gerapporteerd wordt een viertal gevalsbeschrijvingen van patiënten met chronische whiplash-klachten. Vier vrouwen die gemiddeld 22 maanden geleden bij een auto-ongeval betrokken waren, werden tweemaal anderhalf uur behandeld met Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Voor en na de behandeling werden de Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) en de Schokverwerkingslijst (SVL) afgenomen. Vergelijking van voor- en nameting toonde een duidelijke afname van klachten, onder meer op Herbeleving en Vermijding (SVL) en Somatisatie, Angst, Depressie, Slaapproblemen, Wantrouwen en Interpersoonlijke Sensitiviteit (SCL-90). Deze resultaten zijn hoopgevend: EMDR bleek bij te dragen aan een verzachting van traumasymptomen. In verder onderzoek zouden de effecten en onderliggende mechanismen van emdr bij een grotere groep chronische whiplash-patiënten bestudeerd moeten worden.

This study of road accident victims with whiplash injuries was part of a larger study on the quality of assistance to victims of traffic accidents, as part of the Achmea project 'Quality Victim'. Reported four case reports of patients with chronic whiplash injuries. Four women who averaged 22 months ago in a car accident, were two and a half hours with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Before and after treatment were the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Shock Treatment List (SVL) decreased. Comparison of pre-and post-test showed a significant reduction of complaints, including the re-experiencing and Avoidance (IES) and Somatization, Anxiety, Depression, Insomnia, Distrust, and Interpersonal Sensitivity (SCL-90). These results are encouraging: EMDR appeared to contribute to an alleviation of trauma symptoms. In further research, the effects and underlying mechanisms of EMDR in a larger group of chronic whiplash patients should be studied.

Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Road Casualties Whiplash

Accuracy Verified: Yes

181. Balk, J. L. (2001, Nov 1). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder. Alternative Medicine Alert, 4, 121-124.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a fairly common disorder. Roughly 8-10% of the population will suffer from PTSD at some point in their lives. For victims of violent crimes such as rape, the rate of PTSD may be 60-80%. (1) According to the DSM-IV, diagnostic criteria for PTSD include: 1) perceived or actual threat to life or physical integrity, accompanied by an emotional response of horror, helplessness, or intense fear; 2) re-experience of the trauma (e.g. flashbacks and nightmares); 3) avoidance of trauma-related stimuli and numbing of interest and affect; and 4) increased unwanted arousal, such as concentration difficulties, irritability, and insomnia. Specific criteria exist regarding the numbers of symptoms in each category that must be present.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

182. Marich, J. (2008, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the addiction continuing care process: Case study of a cross-addicted female. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Addiction Case Study Cross Addiction Female Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

183. Finley, P. A. (2002, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of sex offenders. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3068413.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Most sex offenders in treatment in the United States understand and adapt well to the predominantly cognitive/behavioral/relapse prevention (RP) aspects of their treatment. "No more victims" is the fundamental goal of sex offender treatment, and due to this focus on relapse prevention, most sex offenders do not adequately address their own emotional wounding from early trauma and victimization. This author believes these unresolved affective issues lead to the cognitive distortions and justifications that allow sex offenders to give themselves permission to offend in the first place. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic intervention that assists in rapidly resolving troubling thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations. Incorporating EMDR into the current cognitive/behavioral/relapse prevention (RP) treatment model for sex offender treatment opens the possibility of reducing the reoffense rate in society. In this study, affective issues of adult male sex offenders (n = 27) were addressed, employing EMDR; this comprised the experimental treatment group. The experimental group received a pretest, three EMDR sessions, and a posttest over an average time of 3.8 months. The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI) was the measure used for this research. The three scales on that test designed to measure for thinking errors were: the Cognitive Distortion and Immaturity (CDI Scale; the Justification (Ju) Scale; and the Treatment Attitudes (TA) Scale. Archived pretest/posttest scores of randomly selected and anonymous adult male sex offenders comprised the control group (n = 27). This group was tested on the MSI and MSI 2 before entering Module 4 and after finishing Module 5, representing 22.5 months of treatment pretest/posttest. All control and experimental group subjects took part in a mandated cognitive/behavioral/relapse prevention (RP) program. The independent two-sample t test was used to compare two means utilizing the rate of change between the experimental and control group. The results of the study indicate a statistically significant reduction in justifications for offender behavior in the experimental group on the Ju scale (p-value = 0.008). On the CDI and TA scale, the null hypotheses were supported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 63(10-B), Apr 2003, pp. 4899.

Keywords: Empirical Study Male Sex Offenders Relapse Prevention Sex Offenders Sex Offenses Sex Offender Treatment Therapeutic Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

184. Tarquinio, C., Brennstuhl, M. -J., Rydberg, J. A., Schmitt, A., Mouda, F., Lourel, M., & Tarquinio, P. (2012, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy dans le traitement des victimes de violences conjugales: Étude pilote [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the treatment of victims of domestic violence: A pilot study]. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée, 62(4), 205–212 .

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introduction Cette recherche décrit les effets du traitement EMDR sur les victimes de violences conjugales. Objectif Le but de cette étude était de mettre en évidence l’efficacité de l’EMDR dans la réduction des symptômes d’ESPT, d’anxiété et de dépression. Méthode Trente-six femmes ont participé à cette étude, 12 ont été traitées avec l’EMDR, 12 avec une approche de psychothérapie éclectique et 12 ont été assignées au groupe témoin. Résultat Les femmes ayant bénéficiées de la thérapie EMDR ont vu leurs scores aux différentes échelles (ESPT, dépression, anxiété) baisser significativement, comparativement à ceux de la condition psychothérapie éclectique. Les deux approches psychothérapeutiques ont conduit à des scores significativement plus réduits après traitement que ceux obtenus par le groupe témoin. Ces effets se sont maintenus six mois après l’intervention. Enfin, les tailles d’effet pour les scores IES et STAI sont plus élevées pour les sujets traités avec la thérapie EMDR. Conclusion Cette étude a répondu à nos attentes montrant ainsi tout l’intérêt de l’approche EMDR.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing PTSD symptoms, anxiety and depression. Method: Thirty-six women participated in this study; 12 were treated with EMDR, 12 received eclectic psychotherapy, and 12 were assigned to the control group. Result: Women in the EMDR condition showed significantly reduced PTSD and anxiety compared with those in the eclectic psychotherapy condition. The two psychotherapy approaches led to significantly reduced scores (PTSD, depression, anxiety) after treatment compared to the control group. These effects were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. Finally, effect sizes for the IES and STAI scores were greater for the subjects in the EMDR condition. Conclusion: This study met our expectations in the sense that our findings confirm the advantages and the potential of EMDR.

Keywords: Anxiety Depression Domestic Violence Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

185. Derksen, M. T., & Baeten, B. M. (2009). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in de ziekenhuispsychiatrie: Een stap voorwaarts [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in hospital psychiatry: A step forward]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 51(3).

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is een intensieve vorm van psychotherapie voor mensen die last houden van de gevolgen van een schokkende ervaring. Een deel van de getroffenen 'verwerkt' deze ervaringen op eigen kracht. Anderen ontwikkelen psychische klachten. Juist deze klachten in het hier en nu als gevolg van een schokkende gebeurtenis in het verleden maken de gebeurtenis tot een traumatische gebeurtenis. In 1993 werd emdr in Nederland geïntroduceerd. Na een bloeiende ontwikkeling onder therapeuten die werken met getraumatiseerde patiënten en tegelijkertijd veel wetenschappelijke scepsis, is emdr tegenwoordig vastgesteld als behandeling van eerste keus voor posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss). In de afgelopen jaren werd de procedure verfijnd en evolueerde zij tot een volwaardige therapeutische behandelmethode met protocollen voor verschillende vormen van traumagerelateerde psychopathologie zoals ptss, fobieën, rouw, pijnstoornis, paniekstoornis, somatoforme stoornis en verslaving. Het is een snelle, effectieve therapievorm die zelfstandig of aanvullend binnen de behandeling kan worden gebruikt. Vorm: Tijdens deze workshop wordt de emdr-procedure in hoofdlijnen uiteengezet. De bijzondere kenmerken en effecten van emdr worden besproken en geïllustreerd met videobeelden van behandelingen van patiënten met traumatische ervaringen in de levensgeschiedenis. Het toepassingsgebied wordt besproken zodat adequaat verwezen kan worden. Er is tijd voor vragen en een interactieve discussie. Leerdoel: (1) Kennis van de emdr-procedure; (2) kennis van de plaats van emdr binnen de psychotherapie; (3) inzicht in de indicatiestelling van emdr; (4) inzicht in het nut voor psychiaters zich de emdr-methode eigen te maken als welkome aanvulling op bestaande psychotherapieën.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an intensive form of psychotherapy for people to suffer from the effects of a shocking experience. Some of the victims 'process' these experiences on their own. Others develop psychological problems. Precisely these problems in the here and now because of a shocking event in the past to make the event a traumatic event. In 1993, EMDR was introduced in the Netherlands. After a thriving development among therapists working with traumatized patients, while many scientific skepticism, EMDR is now established as the treatment of choice for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In recent years, the procedure was refined and evolved it into a valuable therapeutic approach with protocols for various forms of trauma related psychopathology such as PTSD, phobias, grief, pain disorder, panic disorder, somatoform disorder and addiction. It is a fast, effective form of therapy on their own or within the additional treatment may be used. This workshop will form the EMDR procedure guidelines put out. The particular characteristics and effects of EMDR are discussed and illustrated with video images of treatment for patients with traumatic experiences in the life. The scope is to be discussed so that appropriate reference. There is a time for questions and interactive discussion. learning goal (1) Knowledge of the EMDR procedure, (2) knowledge of the location of EMDR in psychotherapy, (3) understand the indications for EMDR, (4) perceptions of the usefulness of psychiatrists to the EMDR method to own make a welcome addition to existing psychotherapies.

Keywords: Hospital Psychiatry

Accuracy Verified: Yes

186. Coleman, G. L. (1999, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An investigational study of the eye movement component using a within-subject design. Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. AAT 9926476.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed psychotherapy treatment procedure which combines imaginal exposure with eye movements and is reported to dramatically reduce negative symptoms associated with trauma related psychological disturbances and memories. The author reviewed and analyzed the current literature regarding EMDR, and conducted a within-subject design investigating the importance of the eye movement component in the EMDR treatment protocol by comparing the efficacy of an eye movement treatment condition, with two non-eye movement treatment conditions. The use of two different control conditions allowed comparisons of the eye movement condition (EMDR), which involved bilateral stimulation of the brain, with exposure to memory of the trauma without eye movements (Eye-Focus Desensitization), which served as a placebo, and exposure to memory of the trauma with a competing motor activity (Single Hand Tapping), which represented unilateral stimulation of the brain. This study also employed a delayed treatment condition to investigate the overall effectiveness of EMDR in treating PTSD. The subject was a 53-year-old Caucasian female who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Dependent variables included a diagnostic instrument, which was the Structured Interview for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (SI-PTSD); global instruments, which included the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Impact of Events Scale (IES), and Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUDs); process measures, which included the Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUDs) and Validity of Cognition (VOC) scale; and a self-report measure of overall improvement, which was the Image Desensitization Rating Scale (IDRS).Results demonstrated support for the superiority of an eye movement condition over that of both a no-eye movement condition (EFD), and a competing motor activity of single hand tapping (SHT) on process variables (SUDs and VOC), but not on weekly global measures (IES, BAI, and SUDs) in the single subject studied. Also, this study found support for the effectiveness of EMDR (delayed treatment phase) in reducing symptoms of anxiety, intrusiveness and avoidance, and subjective distress related to memory of trauma as measured by BAI, IES, and SUDs, and also in alleviating DSM-IV symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder for this subject. Experimental single-subject studies, as well as group designs, need to investigate possible neurological and theoretical explanations for the effectiveness of EMDR in future research. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(4-B), Oct 1999, pp. 1846.

Keywords: Avoidance Case Report Empirical Study Females Intrusive Thoughts Middle Aged PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

187. Shapiro, F., Levin, C., Dunton, R., & Goldstein, A. (1992, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing procedure: A rapid treatement for anxiety and related trauma. Presentation at the Fourth World Congress on Behaviour Therapy, Queesland, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure has been used on thousands of victims (ages 3-74) f traumatic memories, including, combat, rape/molestation, and sexual cult abuse.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

188. Opdyke, D. C. (1997, March/April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment of rape trauma: A case report -- eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Treating Abuse Today, 7(2), 9-12.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Reports the successful use of EMDR by a male therapist in treating a 39 year old female rape survivor. [Pilots]

Keywords: Adults Case Report European Americans Females Rape Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

189. Quinn, G. (2005). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with victims of traffic accidents, suicide bus bombings, and terrorist attacks in Israel. Presentation at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Suicide Bombings Terrorist Attacks Traffic Accidents

Accuracy Verified: Yes

190. Shapiro, F. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 1st Ed. New York: Guilford Press.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias.To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text]

Keywords: Abuse Adults Assessment Child Abuse Children DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Symptoms Incest Methodology Neurophysiology Patient Selection Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Spouse Survivors Veterans

Accuracy Verified: Yes

191. Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 2nd Ed. New York: Guilford Press.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias. To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text of 1st Edition]

Keywords: Adults Assessment Child Abuse Children Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Symptoms Incest Methodology Neurophysiology Patient Selection Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Spouse Abuse Survivors Veterans

Accuracy Verified: Yes

192. Edmond, T. E. (1998, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Evaluating its effectiveness in reducing trauma symptoms in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. University of Texas at Austin. AAT 9824929.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate, through the use of a randomized experimental design, the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing trauma symptoms in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. No EMDR research to date has been exclusively comprised of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, a historically difficult treatment population. Additionally, while numerous clinical accounts of treatment with sexual abuse survivors have been published, controlled treatment research has rarely been done. Of the studies found that examine treatment efficacy exclusively with this population, none involved the use of random assignment.A sample of 60 adult female sexual abuse survivors were selected and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) individual EMDR treatment; (2) individual eclectic treatment; or (3) delayed treatment control group. The participating survivors' trauma symptoms were measured in pretests and posttests on standardized as well as subjective instruments that measured anxiety, posttraumatic stress, depression, negative beliefs about the sexual abuse, emotional distress and desired positive self beliefs. The survivors in the study assigned to the experimental or comparison treatment groups received six 90 minute individual sessions of either EMDR or eclectic therapy. The delayed treatment control group subjects were pretested, asked to delay treatment for six weeks, and after being post tested were assigned a therapist with which to work. Data analysis consisted primarily of multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. The posttest results indicated that EMDR was very effective in reducing the targeted trauma symptoms compared to the control group. Eclectic therapy at posttest was also found to be very effective, resulting in a lack of statistically significant differences between the experimental and comparison treatments. However, analysis conducted at the three month follow-up revealed that EMDR was significantly more effective than eclectic therapy at maintaining therapeutic gains. The results of this study suggest that while both EMDR and eclectic therapy, when applied as brief psychotherapy models of treatment for survivors, can produce significant alleviation of trauma symptoms, EMDR may provide more enduring resolution. These findings have important implications for both survivors and the service providers available to them. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 59(2-A), Aug 1998, pp. 0617.

Keywords: Adults Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

193. Jedd, D. J. (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: arousal as a pre-condition for treatment . Argosy University, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: Adult Child Victims Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Method PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

194. Martin, P. M. (1997, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A critical review. United States International University, San Diego, CA. AAT 9810369.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, is a new clinical treatment shown to be effective for victims of trauma. EMDR is a time efficient, comprehensive methodology backed by positive, controlled research, for the treatment of the disturbing experiences that underlie many pathologies. An eight phase treatment approach that includes using eye movements or other left-right stimulation, EMDR helps victims of trauma reprocess disturbing thoughts and memories. This project reviews research and development, discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms, and presents protocols and procedures for the treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(9-B), Mar 1998, pp. 5129.

Keywords: Emotional Trauma Literature Review Methodology Theories

Accuracy Verified: Yes

195. Edmond, T. (2000). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Evaluating its effectiveness in reducing trauma symptoms in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Presentation at the Conference of the Twelfth National Symposium on Doctoral Research in Social Work.Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Adults Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

196. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA..

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks, ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them. Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety of disorders- phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder (Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work, beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition, and improves overall athletic performance.

Keywords: Athletes Performance Enhancement

Accuracy Verified: Yes

197. Friedberg, F. (2004, November). Eye movement desensitization in fibromyalgia: A pilot study. Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery, 10(4), 245-249. doi:10.1016/j.ctnm.2004.06.006.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization (EMD) for the relief of pain, fatigue and anxiety and depression in fibromyalgia patients. Six Caucasian female patients (mean age=43.2 yr) participated in two treatment sessions. Outcome assessments included the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Fatigue Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory. In-session process measures included thermal biofeedback monitoring and subjective units of discomfort ratings of pain, stress, and fatigue. Four out of six subjects were considered treatment responders. Thermal biofeedback monitoring revealed an average increase in hand temperature of 5.4 degrees indicating a relaxation effect. At treatment termination, average scores decreased on the measures of anxiety (28.6%), depression (29.9%), fibromyalgia impact (12.6%), and fatigue (11.5%). At the 3-month follow-up assessment, total reductions in average scores from pre-treatment baseline reflected further improvements on measures of anxiety (45.8%), depression (31.6%), fibromyalgia impact (19.2%), and fatigue (26.7%). Because EMD produced a somewhat automatic relaxation response with minimal patient participation, it may be especially useful when standard relaxation techniques fail.

Keywords: Fibromyalgia Pilot Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

198. Shapiro, F. (1990, July). Eye movement desensitization procedure: A new treatment for anxiety. The California Psychologist, 18-19.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure is a recently developed rapid treatment for anxiety and traumatic memories. Although, according to the DSM-III, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops from a "psychologically traumatic event that is generally outside thr ange orusual human experience," many people are affected. Symptoms include nightmares, flashbacks and intrusive thoughts based on inidents of combat, rape, incest, accidents and natural disasters such as the 1989 Lom Prieta earthquake. Clinical experience has demonstrated that one to four sessions iwth EMD are sufficient to produce cessation of trauma-related anxiety and pronounced symtomatology suffered by victims of such events.

Keywords: Anxiety Commentary Hypnotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

199. Foster, S. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. In (Doug Asher, Presider) Non-traditional Interventions for Performance Enhancement. Colloquium presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks, ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them. Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety ofdisorders- phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder (Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work, beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition, and improves overall athletic performance.

Keywords: Athletes Colloquium Performance Enhancement

Accuracy Verified: Yes

200. Kessler, N. (2010, March 12). Eye movement therapy promises relief for trauma victims. Great Falls Tribune, Great Falls, MT.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
"Since trauma is stored in the limbic, when you think of it, you don't get a narrative, you get a bodily and emotional experience," said Nancy Errebo, doctor of psychology and a certified EMDR instructor in Missoula who trained with Shapiro. EMDR overcomes that inappropriate reaction by linking the negative associations with positive resources, reasoning and knowledge," she added.

Keywords: Errebo General Overview

Accuracy Verified: No

201. Macready, N. (2001, April). Eye movement therapy soothes trauma victims. Clinical Psychiatry News, 29(4), 44-45.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
When it comes to treating trauma victims, more controlled studies support the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing than any other therapy, according to Dr. Francine Shapiro, who developed the approach. [Elsevier]

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

202. Miller, K. (2005, June 15). An eye on recovery - Hocus-pocus or miracle cure? A controversial therapy called EMDR claims to help victims see trauma - and recovery - in a new light. Minneapolis, MN: Star Tribune, Metro, Variety, 1E.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
That was four years ago. Today, Colleen Eliason, 42, is happily remarried and lives in Elko. But in the nightmarish days after the suicide, she turned to St. Paul psychologist Catherine Hedberg, who uses a tool called EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) to treat trauma. Since EMDR was introduced to the psychiatric community 15 years ago, it has remained highly controversial. Proponents call it a painless, quick, effective therapy to treat victims of trauma - from social anxiety to war, rape and natural disasters.

Keywords: General Minneapolis Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

203. Templeton, B. P. (1997, April 13). Eye therapy a new help to trauma victims. Unknown, E3.

Language: English

Format: Other

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: No

204. Sonnenberg, M. (2005, November 22). Eye therapy eases intense fear trauma victims feel. Melbourne, FL: Florida Today, Final/All, Health, G01.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Peters, along with several other therapists in the area, instead have turned to EMDR, or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.

Keywords: Fear Melbourne, FL Trauma Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

205. Terwilliger, C. (1999, December 28). Eye therapy to be tested on victims. Denver, CO: The Denver Post.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
In what may be the first study of its kind, researchers are trying to determine whether therapy that incorporates an unusual trauma treatment helps victims of domestic violence.
Also posted online as
Terwilliger, C. (1999, December 8). Researchers try new trauma treatment. Denver Post Online

Keywords: Denver General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

206. Arnold, A. (2004). Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing and specific state anxiety in female gymnasts. Union Institute and University, Cincinnati, OH. AAT 3122853.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Forty-two female gymnasts ages 10-16 participated in a study to determine the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on state anxiety. Each subject identified excessive anxiety on a gymnastics element resulting from a fall, injury, observed fall, or debilitating repetitive thought process. Subjects were divided into random treatment and control groups. The treatment groups received up to 3 sessions of EMDR. Both process and outcome measures were analyzed using the Subjective Units of Disturbance scale, Validity of Cognitions scale, Sport Competition Anxiety Test, and Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory-2. EMDR was found effective in reducing cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and increasing self-confidence on the targeted element. Comparison over time from pretest to follow-up revealed no significant differences in trait anxiety for either the control or experimental group. Treatment effects of reduced cognitive anxiety, reduced somatic anxiety, and increased validity of positive cognitions were maintained for 90-days following EMDR treatment. Results indicated four processesing patterns facilitating trauma resolution: methodological, transitional object, unfinished business, and insight oriented processing. Recommendations for future research include the use of EMDR with physiological measures of state anxiety, and the replication of the four distinct processing styles found in this research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(2-B), 2004, pp. 1020.

Keywords: Anxiety Empirical Study Female Gymnasts Quantitative Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

207. McFadden, J. E. (2004, December 24). Eye-movement therapy may seem weird but is sometimes effective. Schenectady, NY: The Daily Gazette, Schenectady-Albany, A-05.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract: F
or the past decade, increasing numbers of mental health professionals have been treating trauma victims with a therapy called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a relatively new treatment developed in the late 1980s by psychologist Francine Shapiro, a senior research fellow at the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, Calif., and executive director of the EMDR Institute in Pacific Grove.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: No

208. Affonso, S. D. S. (2012, Novembro). Família vítima de sequestro em cativeiro: Intervenção com EMDR e protocolo grupal integrativo como prevenção do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático [Family kidnap victim in captivity: Intervention with EMDR protocol and group integrative prevention of disorder like post-traumatic stress]. In EMDR em traumas. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Introdução: Caso de sequestro familiar onde pai e dois filhos pequenos ficaram em cativeiro por 19 horas. Mãe teve que acompanhar os outros assaltantes durante toda a ação criminosa sob ameaça de morte. Objetivo: Reestruturação da dinâmica familiar pós-trauma de sequestro por meio da aplicação do EMDR, Grupal (PGI) e sistêmico familiar como recurso teórico e prático da resolução do trauma. Justificativa: Aplicação do EMDR como instrumento eficaz e mediador em situações de sequestro familiar, minimizando suas consequências. Empoderar a família para uma reorganização segura reincorporando as atividades do cotidiano e as biopsicossociais. Os componentes desta família foram vítimas de violência urbana com abusos emocionais físicos e ameaças de morte constantes. Metodologia: Foram realizado sete atendimentos. O primeiro com o Protocolo Grupal Integrativo (Suds e Voc - projeção do futuro com 03 membros da família) e o restante com o EMDR individual (CN-CP-Voc-E-S-Suds) e Sistêmico Familiar. Período de julho a novembro de 2011 em consultório particular na região de São Paulo. Conclusão: ao término dos atendimentos foi possível observar a capacidade de reorganização da dinâmica familiar com a resolução dos traumas por meio da aplicação do EMDR. Possibilitando o retorno gradativo dos filhos às atividades diárias e escolares, com o término dos pesadelos e comportamentos fisiológicos decorrentes do trauma sofrido, confirmando, assim, a potencialidade que o EMDR individual, grupal fortalecem e recuperam a reestruturação familiar pós-trauma em sequestro.

Introduction: Case of kidnapping family where father and two small children were in captivity for 19 hours. Mother had to follow the other robbers throughout the criminal action under threat of death. Objective: Restructuring family dynamics posttraumatic sequestration through the application of EMDR Group (PGI) and systemic family as a resource of theoretical and practical resolution of trauma. Rationale: Application of EMDR as an effective tool and mediator in situations of family abduction, minimizing their consequences. Empower the family to secure a reorganization reincorporating everyday activities and biopsychosocial. The components of this family were victims of urban violence with physical and emotional abuse constant death threats. Methods: We conducted seven sessions. The first Protocol to the Integrative Group (Suds and Voc - projection of the future with 03 family members) and the rest with the individual EMDR (CN-CP-You-ES-Suds) and Systemic Family. From July to November 2011 in private practice in the region of São Paulo. Conclusion: At the end of the visits was possible to observe the ability of reorganization of family dynamics with the resolution of trauma through the application of EMDR. Allowing the gradual return of the children to their daily activities and school, with the end of nightmares and physiological behaviors resulting from trauma, thereby confirming the potential that the EMDR individual, group and strengthen the family restructuring recover post-trauma in kidnapping.

Keywords: Family Restructuring Trauma Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

209. Kim, K. I. (2003, January). Family violence: Psychiatric aspects. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 42(1), 5-13.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: Psychiatrists have recently paid attention to family violence victims, possibly due to the increase of the case, difficulty in case finding and management, and unfavorable treatment outcome. In this review article, the author introduced knowledge and clinical guideline for desirable approach. Methods: This article was from review of articles and the author's 20 years clinical experience at the victim clinic. Results: Incidence of family violence in Korea is three fold higher than that of the United States and China. Batterers' personality and behavior pattern, their characteristic action of violence, victims' victimization process, victims' emotional and cognitive response, characteristics of victims' clinical behavior, desirable attitude of psychiatrists, and the 7 stage approach by the author were introduced. [KoreaMed]

Keywords: Batterers Domestic Violence Family Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

210. Mankuta, D., Aziz-Suleyman, A., Yochail, L., & Allon, M. (2012, November). Field evaluation and treatment of short-term psycho-medical trauma after sexual assault in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Israel Medical Assocation Journal, 14, 653-657.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: During the horrific war in the Democratic Republic of Congo during the years 1996–2007 the number of casualties is estimated to be 5.4 million. In addition, 1.8 million women, children and men were raped, many as a social weapon of war. Many of these women still suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mutilated genitals. Objectives: To assess a short-term interventional team for the evaluation and treatment of sexual trauma victims. Methods: The intervention program comprised four components: training the local staff, medical evaluation and treatment of patients, psychological evaluation and treatment of trauma victims, and evacuation and transport of patients with mutilated genitals. A diagnostic tool for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – the Impact Event Scale (IES) – was used. The psychological treatment was based on EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) principles. Using questionnaires, the information was obtained from patients, medical staff and medical records. Results: Three primary care clinics were chosen for intervention. Of the 441 women who attended the clinics over a period of 20 days, 52 women were diagnosed with severe PTSD. Psychological intervention was offered to only 23 women because of transport limitations. The most common medical problems were pelvic inflammatory disease and secondary infertility. Nine patients suffered genital mutilation and were transferred for surgical correction. The 32 local nurses and 2 physicians who participated in the theoretical and practical training course showed improved knowledge as evaluated by a written test. Conclusions: With the short-term interventional team model for sexual assault victims the combined cost of medical and psychological services is low. The emphasis is on training local staff to enhance awareness and providing them with tools to diagnose and treat sexual assault and mutilation.

Keywords: Congo IES Impact of Event Scale Sexual Assault Trauma Violence

Accuracy Verified: No

211. Smyser, S. (2004, August 3). Finding peace: EMDR technique helps patients recover from trauma. Charleston, IL: Times-Courier, D1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Andy Hogan, Ph.D. at Midwest Neurofitness, has been involved in the behavioral health field for 19 years, and he helps people who have gone through traumatic times. For the past 10 years, he has been using a technique called Eye Movement Desensitation and Reprocessing to treat victims of post trauma.

Keywords: Charleston, IL Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

212. Malgiozzi, T., & Magliozzi, R. (2005, June 26). Form of post-traumatic stress disorder seen in accident victims. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Five Star, Business, K-12.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Your recent newspaper column regarding the person experiencing trauma after her Toyota was rear-ended by some guy going 70 mph invited me to add my thoughts: I am a psychologist in Minnesota and have treated a number of car-crash victims just like your reader. They are indeed suffering from a form of post-traumatic stress disorder, and can easily be helped by a therapeutic procedure called EMDR -- eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Don't ask me to explain how it works, but believe me, it does. I have treated car-crash victims, carjacking victims, rape victims and holdup victims with the same method of EMDR.

Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Pittsburgh Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

213. van der Kolk, B. A. (2010, July). Frontiers of trauma treatment. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

214. Scheffler, U. (2004). Fruhe systemische interventionen fur kindliche und jugendliche gewaltopfer [Fruh systemic interventions for child and adolescent victims of violence]. Forum der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 4-2004, 33-44.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Adolescents Children Fruh Systemic Interventions Trauma Therapy Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

215. Edmond, T. (2005, September). The future of evidence in EMDR. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Evidence based practice has gained increased attention in recent years, having been advanced initially by the medical professions, encouraged by various academic institutions, increasingly required by insurance companies, and endorsed by many professional associations. Although this represents an important movement towards improving the quality of care available to clients, there are legitimate concerns about what constitutes evidence. In the past 15 years, research on EMDR has proliferated and the methodological rigor of that work has greatly improved. Yet skepticism ahout the effectiveness of EMDR remains and much is still unknown about the parameters of this innovative approach to psychotherapy. This presentation will provide a description of evidence based practice as a backdrop for examining the current state of EMDR research with recommendations for areas of research that are needed, methodological issues that should be considered, and the role of practitioners in the generation of that knowledge. Findings from a mix-methods study evaluating the effectiveness of EMDR with adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse will be used as an example to critique the limitations of the gold standard approach to generating evidence based practice and to illustrate the importance of methodological diversity in the pursuit of knowledge about the practice of psychotherapy.

Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice Gold Standard Plenary

Accuracy Verified: Yes

216. Staff. (2009). Getting it right. KCAL, Los Angeles, CA.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
Getting it Right TV station KCAL in Los Angeles is a welcome exception to the common practice of reporting combat PTSD as untreatable. A video clip on their website reports how a Desert Storm vet rushed to assist victims of a recent automobile accident in Santa Monica and experienced a combat-based flashback. The video recounts his subsequent successful EMDR therapy with HAP supporter Sarah Gilman after diagnosis at Dr. Daniel Amen’s imaging research clinic.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

217. Forgash, C. A. (2005, June). Healing complex trauma through EMDR, ego state therapy and somasensory work: Healing the heart of complex trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The integration of Ego state and Somatosensory work and EMDR will be shown to help patients with Complex PTSD repair fragmentation. disconnections and develop the safety to utilize EMDR successfully.
Although complex trauma victims are seeking help for PTSD. depression and anxiety, additional trauma responses may lead them to encounter difficulty in dealing with triggers, stress and relationships.
The sequential exercises presented will provide stability for dissociated "parts" unable to cope with symptoms.
Learning Objectives include the importance of including information in the history taking about inability to love. fragmentation, and alienation; defining and selecting the appropriate ego state/somatosensory/affect management strategies to help challenging clients.

Keywords: Complex Trauma Ego State Therapy Somasensory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

218. Craig, J. (1996, October). Healing emotional trauma. Chatelaine Magazine for Canadian Women, 69(1), 190.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
With EMDR, help is in the eye of the beholder Christine Baird (not her real name) never had reason to distrust her husband of 22 years. So when he confessed to an affair, Baird plunged into four months of sleeplessness, anxiety and despair. "I couldn't see the future as holding any hope for me," says Baird, 49. What she didn't know was that she was suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, a condition associated with sexual assault victims and war veterans. Counseling didn't help, and Baird was referred to Glenis Holmes, a therapist trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). It's a technique Baird says helped turn her life around.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

219. Forgash, C. (2004, June). Healing the heart of trauma: Restoring connections and stability. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
When trauma victims enter therapy, they generally seek help for symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety. However, additional trauma responses may lead the client to encounter difficulty in dealing with the trauma and also with the trauma and also with relationships in their life. These responses also include the inability to love, nurture and bond with other individuals (even those currently in relationship to victim). These clients often experience feeling internally fragmented, detached, alienated and fearfully isolated. Gathering this information is an important part of history taking and becomes crucial to treatment planning. The aim of this presentation is to help clinicians learn to implement strategies that help traumatized clients to experience reconnection, stability, and then, trauma processing. Integrating ego state strategies with the preparation phase of the EMDR protocol results in a safety/stability focused therapeutic approach necessary for these clients to resolve the sequelae of trauma.
Emphasis is placed on the sequential formulation of guided imaginal and somatosensory exercises (enhanced with DAW) that provide stability for the dissociated aspects of the self unable to cope with symptoms and current stresses. The central work includes the development of an internal Home Base, Workplace, and a positive body resource that compliments the standard safe place/stress reduction work. Stabilizing exercises include constructive avoidance, distancing, grounding, containment as well as affect and dissociative symptom management techniques. When stabilized, client’s access and work with their ego state system to resolve conflicts, develop resources, reconnect and then successfully desensitize and reprocess trauma.
Learning objective include: the importance of including information in the history taking about an inability to love, loss of connections, fragmentation, detachment and alienation; defining the ego state strategies that help such client s successfully process traumas with the EMDR protocol; learning the preparation exercises for managing affect and dissociative symptoms. Participants will select the appropriate interventions to help trauma clients reconnect with dissociated, disconnected parts and employ this sequential method in their practice with traumatized clients.

Keywords: Affect Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

220. Forgash, C. A. (2004, September). Healing the heart of trauma: Restoring connections and stability. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Trauma victims enter therapy seeking help with the symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety. Additional trauma responses lead the client to encounter difficulty in dealing with trauma as well as with relationships. This can include the inability to love, nurture and bond with other individuals (even those currently in relationship with the victim). Integrating ego state strategies into the preparation phase of the standard protocol results in a safety and stability focused therapeutic approach. The emphasis in this presentation will be on developing interventions that provide stability and reconnection for the aspects of the self unable to cope with symptoms and life stresses and help clients access/work with their ego state system to desensitize and reprocess trauma.

Keywords: Connections Stability

Accuracy Verified: Yes

221. Rogers, M. (2001, January 24). Healing through the windows of the soul. Sante Fe, NM: The Sante Fe New Mexican, E-3.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The therapy technique, called eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing, is an innovative method of therapy for anyone who has experienced a trauma of any kind, Stark said. EMDR can be used to treat victims of sexual abuse, domestic violence, criminal violence, combat and natural disasters. It has even been used to treat people with personality disorders, such as schizophrenia.

Keywords: General Overview Sante Fe

Accuracy Verified: Yes

222. Bayliss, S. (2010, April). Healing trauma with eye movement integration - with reference to victims of controlling and abusive relationships. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Abuse Relationships

Accuracy Verified: Yes

223. Adúriz, M. E., Bluthgen, C., & Knopfler, C. (2009, May). Helping child flood victims using group EMDR intervention in Argentina: Treatment outcome and gender differences. International Journal of Stress Management, 16(2), 138-153. doi:10.1037/a0014719.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A comprehensive group intervention with 124 children who experienced disaster-related trauma during a massive flood in Santa Fe, Argentina, in 2003 is illustrated, utilizing a one-session group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol. A posttreatment session was done 3 months after the treatment intervention to evaluate results. Results of this one-session treatment procedure, utilizing the EMDR-Integrative Group Treatment Protocol, showed statistically significant reduction of symptoms immediately after the intervention. These statistically significant differences were sustained at posttreatment evaluation 3 months later, as measured by psychometric scales, and by clinical and behavioral observation. Data analysis also revealed significant gender differences. Despite methodological limitations, this study supports the efficacy of EMDR group treatment in the amelioration and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, providing an efficient, simple, and economic (in terms of time and resources) tool for disaster-related trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Argentina Floods Gender Difference Group Interventions Integrative Group Treatment Protocol Treatment Outcome Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

224. Brown, A. (2007, December 6). Helping kids cope with bereavement. Glasgow, England: Daily Record, Featurse, 24.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The service also uses Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) on victims of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. It is a psychotherapy method which features the child focussing on a disturbing memory image while moving the eyes from side to side.

Keywords: Bereavement London

Accuracy Verified: Yes

225. Oldenburg, D. (1994, May 19). Helping to forget, trauma victims may find peace through a new procedure. Dayton, OH: Dayton Daily News, 3.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Eric Smith remembers the crack of gunfire clearly now, how the fusillade startled him from light sleep sometime after midnight. This was Vietnam, north of Saigon, 1968. Dug in following heavy fighting, his squad had orders to guard a prisoner until morning. They had lost a lot of men. They were angry. Some pretended to fall asleep knowing the prisoner would try to escape.

Keywords: Dayton General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

226. Miller, B. (2005. November 21). The hidden abuse - Catholic church faces hurt with hope. Wilmington, DE: The News Journal, News, A1, A6.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
It took years of counseling and a process sometimes used with trauma victims called EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing - for John Dougherty to remember the day Carley first raped him.

Keywords: Catholic Church Sexual Abuse Wilmington, DE

Accuracy Verified: Yes

227. Johnson, S. (2011, September 21). Hikers' readjustment may be tough. MercuryNews.com. Retrieved from http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_18947506?nclick_check=1 on September 22, 2011.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
"They've been in prison for such a long time, it would be surprising if they weren't suffering from trauma," said Francine Shapiro, a psychotherapist and expert on trauma care for victims of war, terrorism and kidnappings. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Evin Prison Hiker Iran Josh Fattal Prison Shane Bauer

Accuracy Verified: Yes

228. Pieper, G. (2005, November). Hilfen für opfer von katastrophen und gezielter gewalt ein konzept zur psychotraumatologischen versorgung. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Wirtschafts- und Verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Albert -Ludwigs-Universität zu Freiburg im Breisgau [Assistance for victims of targeted violence and disasters: A framework for psycho-trauma clinician supply].

Language: German

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Die vorliegende Arbeit zur psychotraumatologischen Versorgung von Katastrophenopfern ist aus der praktischen therapeutischen Arbeit des Autors mit Traumatisierten und Felderfahrungen im Bereich von Großschadensbetreuungen der vergangenen 17 Jahre entstanden. Leitprinzip war dabei, einer kritisch wissenschaftlichen Analyse zu unterziehen, was in der Praxis oft aus Sach- und Zeitzwängen heraus ohne tiefere Reflektion getan wird und die eigene Arbeit mit den Ergebnissen internationaler Forschungsberichte zu vergleichen. Darüber hinaus ist es das Ziel, basierend auf den eigenen Felderfahrungen und den wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen Hinweise für die Praxis zu geben, um die psychologische Betreuung von Katastrophenopfern zu verbessern.

The present work for psychotraumalogical care of disaster victims is the result of practical therapeutic work with traumatized by the author and field experience in major loss of support over the past 17 years. Guiding principle was about to undergo a critical scientific analysis, which in practice is often done out of time and material constraints out without deeper reflection and to compare their work with the results of international research reports. In addition, it is the goal, based on their own to give field experience and scientific knowledge for practical information to improve the psychological care of disaster victims.

Keywords: Catastrophe After Care Disaster Disaster Response Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological First Aid PTSD SBK School Violence Seven-Step Treatment Program

Accuracy Verified: Yes

229. Cole, J. (2007, February 16). How left my trauma behind; The victims; What they really think. Belfast, Ireland: Belfast Telegraph, City Edition, Features, 19.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
I trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a specialised treatment for trauma, and began practising in 1998. I work with police officers, ex-military personnel and civilians who have been traumatised in the Troubles.

Keywords: Michael Paterson Police Officers

Accuracy Verified: Yes

230. Brivio, R., & Bergamaschi, L. (2008, January). Human and organizational aspects affecting the wellbeing in rescue-working activity: EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation: The role of training methods, practice and simulation for psychological risks prevention and management in emergency workers.. International Workshop Reinforce Rescuers' Resilience by Empowering a well-being Demension Workshop, Turin, Italy .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The wellbeing of rescuers: Relational, organizational and technical aspects that can affect rescuers' wellbeing during rescue activities: Stress inoculation, role playing and the role of mirror neurons in training, also through the use of video recordings. Relaxation techniques, psychological debriefing and EMDR in trainings.

Focus of our intervention is the wellbeing of the rescuer. The study and research on this matter came and were carried out thanks to the activity done both during trainings and simulations of the Civil Protection than real emergencies. Our team work received contribution by some psychologists of OPP (Parma’s Psychologists’ Observatory: A.Sozzi, E.Pedrelli, F.Frati, A. Bocelli, T. Serra). Wellbeing, defined as a subjective and positive emotional state together with a global life satisfaction (Diener, 1984), is strongly at risk during rescuer’s emergency activities and can affect the rescuer both physically and psychologically. The rescuer's capabilities, that we think are technical “know how” and thorough knowledge, are essential to give the best performance according to the complexity and urgency of the intervention. These skills can really contribute to the rescuer's wellbeing, because they can improve the self-efficiency perception. To effectively manage and train rescuers, it is furthermore important to consider and acknowledge the influence of interpersonal relationships on technical performances. It is, in fact, particularly important to recognize and support the typical relationships that can be created in a team with the same task and specialization, as well as in multidisciplinary teams, or teams belonging to different Institutions but operating in the same scenario.

In recent years increasing attention has been given to training activities, even through the use of the role play for interventions in artificial emergency scenarios. To recreate scenarios of massive emergencies, different Civil Protection Associations, as well as First Aid volunteer associations and the local Institutions have been involved. In these simulations, most cases focus on improving technical performances. Lately psychologists have been asked to join the rescuers team. During these simulations, the role-play of emotional and psychological problems occurs thanks to the cooperation between emergency psychologists and the medical team. The introduction of the role and expertise of psychologists allowed to extend and strengthen the attention to cross support and care aspects for the psychological wellbeing of both victims and rescuers. The psychologist must therefore consider the “wellbeing” in all the emergency scenarios and contexts, as a sum of all the components that we talked about here and the ones we will describe during our intervention. He must first of all be aware of the complexity of each intervention in the field, and adopt a kind of approach aimed at creating and recovering wellbeing strategies, that can be used by himself as well. Strategies on how to build, recover and maintain the wellbeing identify stress as the first danger source the rescuer has to face in his training and emergency activity. When external events or stimuli are perceived as difficult to face compared with resources available at that moment, the individual gets stressed. When the person's efforts are not adaptive to the external requests and/or coherent with his performance expectations, he becomes vulnerable to emotional, behavioural, cognitive and physical reactions, which can be even very difficult to manage both in the short and/or in the medium-long term. This can happen when the sources of stress depend on the rescuer’s performance, and it can also happen in case of post traumatic stress, visible in different stages after the event. From the psychologist's specialist background and from the integration of this with the result of field experiences, the demand for a range of different tools to manage the different kinds of stress emerges, and these tools must be applicable both to the individual and to the group. This range is still improving, and the results of our observational activity from past and present experiences lead us to see the opportunity to carry on our research of tools of efficacy. During this speech we would like to underline that approaches like Stress Inoculation Training (SIT, Michenbaum, 1983) and the use of role playing allow the technical appraisal and let the rescuers improve their stress management skills, and all that can lead to a decrease in the risk of PTSD. In past simulations of emergencies, we found out that the use of videotapes for the role plays is a tool that should be taken more into account. We think it is important to evaluate its potential for the rescuers' benefit, because it seems to be not only “a record of technical performances”, but also an observation and learning tool about the rescuer's own defence and adaptive strategies. In fact, during these simulations we found out that the rescuers' psychological and emotional vulnerability emerged in several situations. The fact that even in these artificial situations there were acute stress episodes and O codes urged us to focus more on the matter of mutual influence between technical performance and internal experience of stress. We understand that such acute stress episodes may occur during real life critical events but we can see how role playing and video recordings show that such acute stress episodes affected the simulators themselves even during the simulation. The videos show that even apparently “high immunity” simulators, who are considered 'immune' thanks to their comprehensive and strong experience, experienced acute stress, perhaps because of an incorrect selfevaluation of their own stress management skills. The interest in the use of videos as a training and reprocessing tool for rescuers led some of us to specialize in role playing recording, so as to carry out a more accurate and comprehensive study on those same videos and use them as a mirror of reality and better educational tool through a vicar experience or through “seeing oneself from within the experience” and in the interpersonal dynamics that took place in the scenario. Videotapes are a very known and widely used tool in other kinds of trainings, disciplines and therapies (i.e. Family Therapy and CBT). The discovery of mirror neurons by Rizzolati, Gallese et Al., provides the evidence that when someone observes the same action performed by another person, the neurons "mirrors" the behaviour of that person, as though the observer were itself acting. Thanks to these researchers it is now proven that this can happen thanks to the motor neurons in the pre-motor cortex. Therefore, we would like to underline the role of videos as very useful and versatile training tools, since they expose a situation in an unexpected realistic manner “as if” it were true and “as if” we were really experiencing that situation, with the consequent learning movements at the emotional, cognitive and behavioural level, at the stress management level, as well as at the level of team work dynamics. Visual imagination activates the same brain regions that are active during visual perception and motor imagination activates the same brain regions activated the movement is really happening. More importantly, it was possible for us to verify that the videos recorded by other operators were not focused on showing the important psychological aspects we mentioned for the goal of the trainings, thing that happened instead with the videos recorded by psychologists. We think therefore that the use of videotapes recorded by psychologists should be given more consideration in the trainings of rescuers. During this intervention we will devote part of the time to broadcasting two short videos; the first one shows the role playing of an intervention in an emergency context, and the second one shows a part of an EMDR session (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing). We think it is important to recreate and protect rescuers wellbeing in the post-role playing and post emergency stages too. For years EMDR has been proven effective in improving the individual's coping skills and in reprocessing, wherever necessary, the post traumatic aspects resulting from critical events to whom not only the victims, but also the rescuers too, are exposed during emergencies.

Keywords: Emergency Workers Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation Rescue-Working Activity Risk Prevention and Management

Accuracy Verified: Yes

231. Engel, L. (1998). Imaginary crimes: Resolving survivor guilt and writer's block. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, 1st ed. (pp. 138-163). New York: W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
A 45-year old female professor of creative writing complained of depression, obsessing about an ex-boyfriend, and a writing block. She is in ongoing but episodic treatment within the framework of a psychodymanic model, specifically Control Mastery Theory, utilizing EMDR as an exploratory tool and treatment method. Issues of survivor guilt toward her murdered sister, identification with her anxious, unhappy mother, and compliance with her critical and rejecting father were addressed and at least partially worked through in the first 11 sessions (reported here). Her depression has lifted, she has been able to write freely for the first time in ten years, and has stopped obsessing about her ex-boyfriend. The therapist was able to combine CMT and EMDR to create a rapid but deep exploration and amelioration of the client's major, longstanding life problems. [Text, p. 162]

Keywords: Adults Americans Case Report Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Females Guilt Life Experiences Psychotherapeutic Processes Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

232. Maxwell, J. P. (2003, October). The imprint of childhood physical and emotional abuse: A case study on the use of EMDR to address anxiety and lack of self-esteem. Journal of Family Violence, 18(5), 281-293. doi:10.1023/A:1025165227590.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article examines the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in helping a client address problems with persistent anxiety and a lack of self-esteem. During EMDR treatment, the client explored the dichotomous thinking that had plagued her since childhood, and correspondingly, the role of childhood physical and emotional abuse in her chronic feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. The client experienced significant improvement in her levels of anxiety and problems with self-esteem, both at the end of treatment and at 1-year follow up. Qualitative and quantitative data are utilized in this case study outlining the use of EMDR with a client diagnosed with dysthymic disorder.

Keywords: Adult Female Anxiety Child Abuse Childhood Physical Abuse Childhood Emotional Abuse Clinical Case Study Emotional Abuse Empirical Study Lack of Self-Esteem Patient History Self Esteem

Accuracy Verified: Yes

233. Meertens, K. (2007, November). In eigen woorden: Cliënt over EMDR-therapie: “De angst is weg” [In her own words: Client on EMDR therapy: "The fear is gone"]. Over Riagg Rijnmond, 49, 21-22.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Nu moest ik in de therapie die verkrachting gaan verwerken. Terwijl ik de gevoelens daarover van mijn 16e tot mijn 43ste heb vastgehouden. Ik vond dat heel moeilijk, was bang dat ik het weer moest meemaken. Wat zou er met mij gebeuren als ik het zou vertellen? Zou ik doordraaien, in de war raken, de controle over mijzelf verliezen? Een paar dagen voordat ik met de EMDRbehandeling EMDRbehandeling zou beginnen, voelde ik me al slecht. De dag voor de behandeling, verzon ik allerlei smoezen om af te bellen. De eerste keer heb ik dus ook afgebeld. Ik heb de therapie een week uitgesteld, omdat ik me zo rot voelde. Gelukkig haalde mijn therapeut mij over de drempel heen. Ze zei dat ze me sowieso wilde zien, ook als ik me rot voel. ‘Dan gaan we dáár iets mee doen’, zei ze. Gelukkig maar, anders zou ik het nu nog voor me uitschuiven.

Now I had the therapy that rape going process. While I feel about my 16th to my 43th I held. I found that very difficult, was afraid that I again had to go through. What would happen to me if I could tell? I would run through, get confused, control about myself lose? A few days before I EMDRbehandeling the EMDRbehandeling would begin, I already felt bad. Day before treatment, I made all kinds of excuses to call off. the first time I have also been called. I have therapy one week postponed, because I felt so bad. Luckily got my therapist me across the threshold. She said she me anyway wanted to see, even when I feel bad. "Then we go over there something do, "she said. Fortunately, otherwise I would still for me extend. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Rape Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

234. Zangwill, W. (2001, November). In the aftermath of 9-11: Trauma and EMDR. EMDRNews.com, page 1, 3.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The events of September 11 continue to have a profound impact on us as a nation and as individuals. The pain and suffering of those victims who survived, the families and friends who lost loved ones, and the rescue workers who have had to rpeatedly face the horror of those events has been numerous. Yet, they are not the only ones who have suffered. Many in this country and around the world have been, and continue to be, traumatized by what happened even if they were not directly affected.

Keywords: 9/11 Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

235. Oldenburg, D. (1994, April 12). In the eye of the beholder: Is a controversial technique that heals trauma victims too good to be true?. Washington, DC: The Washington Post, E5.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Keywords: General Overview Washington, DC

Accuracy Verified: Yes

236. Staff. (1999, November 1). In the midst of autumn, life is tough in tent cities. Turkish Probe (Turkish Daily News).

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The Turkish Psychologists' Association is providing psychological intervention for earthquake victims through the Trauma Treatment Center, established jointly with experts from the American Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Institute (EMDR).

Keywords: Earthquakes Tent Cities Turkey

Accuracy Verified: Yes

237. Stewart, K., & Dalman, R. (1998, July). Incorporating EMDR in a residential setting for abused adolescent females. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) how EMDR is utilized in a residental facility for abused adolescent females; 2) how to use milieu staff to reinforce and strengthen EMDR work from individual sessions; 3) how EMDR and Linehan's DBT methodology can work together to strengthen treatment; and 4) how to train millieu staff.

Keywords: Abuse Adolescents DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Female Residential Settings

Accuracy Verified: Yes

238. Colt, K. M., & Marvasti, J. A. (2004). Innovative therapies for trauma related disorders: TARGET, TREM, and EMDR. In J. A. Marvasti (Ed.), Psychiatric treatment of victims and survivors of sexual trauma: A neuro-bio-psychological approach (pp. 73-95). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
In this chapter, Marvasti and Colt explore the victims' response to trauma and examine nontraditional treatment models for psychological trauma. The TARGET model (Trauma Adaptive Recovery Group Education and Therapy) of treatment focuses on current symptoms. Treatment is aimed at helping the victim move from maladaptive patterns of thought and behavior toward healthy ways of managing life. TREM (Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model) was created to assist disempowered female victims of trauma to develop self-esteem and coping skills. EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is a set of protocols designed to decrease the symptoms of traumatic stress by use of rhythmic movements and cognitive restructuring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Emotional Trauma Empowerment Female Victims Group Education and Therapy Group Psychotherapy Human Females Models Nontraditional Treatment Models Psychological Trauma Sexual Abuse Symptoms Treatment Victimization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

239. Berson, C. (2008, September 19). Innovative trauma center opens in Newhallville. New Haven Independent, New Haven, CT.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Over the years, EMDR has been used to treat survivors of traumatic experiences ranging from death of a loved one to rape. EMDR clinicians have worked with survivors on an individual basis as well as with victims of large-scale events — from 9/11 to violence in the Middle East. Shapiro emphasized the importance of treating mental trauma; if gone untreated, it can breed further violence in the community.

Keywords: New Haven Trauma Center

Accuracy Verified: Yes

240. Hain, B., Micka, R., Wiegand, C,, Hofmann, A., & Seidler, G. H. (2004, September). Integrierte traumaassoziierte kurzzeittherapie für akuttraumatisierte (INTAKT)1 - Ergebnisse einer pilot-studie zur wirksamkeit von ressourcenorientierter behandlung in der gruppe und EMDR [Integrated trauma associated short-term psychotherapy for acute traumatized patients (INTAKT ) - Results from a study including a small population (n=16) about the effectiveness of ressource-oriented treatment in groups in combination with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)]. Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik, 4(3), 277-296 .

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Die INTAKT (Integrated traumaassociated kurzfristige Psychotherapie) eingeführt wurde, eine Intervention in einem "Ambulante Ressource-orientierten Gruppe" ARG für akute traumatisierten Patienten in Kombination mit EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization und die Wiederaufbereitung). Die Studie und die wichtigsten Ergebnisse ausgesetzt sind. Durch den Vergleich der Behandlungen "ARG" und "INTAKT" wird gezeigt, dass Interventionen Gruppe wirksam bei akuter-traumatisierten Patienten und hilfsbereit im Laufe der Behandlung sind. Für einige Patienten der Gruppe Interventionen führen zu einer signifikanten Reduktion Symptom. Für andere die stabilisierende Wirkung der "Ambulante Ressource-orientierten Gruppe" ermöglichen diesen Patienten zu einer frühen Übergang zu EMDR. Die Wirkung der INTAKT-Behandlung scheint zu sein, besser als die anderen Behandlungen.

The INTAKT (Integrated traumaassociated short-term psychotherapy) was introduced, a intervention in a "Ambulant Ressource-oriented Group" ARG for acute traumatized patients in combination with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). The study and the most important results are exposed. By comparing the treatments "ARG" and "INTAKT" is shown, that group interventions are effective for acute-traumatized patients and helpful in the course of the treatment. For some patients the group interventions lead to a significant symptom reduction. For others the stabilizing effects of the "Ambulant Ressource-oriented Group" enable these patients to a early transition to EMDR. The effect of the INTAKT-treatment seems to be superior to the other treatments.

Keywords: Adult Behavior Therapy Controlled Study Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Female Human Imagination Male Psychotherapy Psychotrauma Treatment Outcome

Accuracy Verified: Yes

241. Tarquinio, C., Schmitt, A., Tarquinio, P., Rydberg, J.-A., & Spitz, E. (2012, April-June). Intérêt de la psychothérapie « eye movement desensitization reprocessing » dans le cadre de la prise en charge de femmes victimes de viols conjugaux [Benefits of "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" psychotherapy in the treatment of female victims of intimate partner rape]. Sexologies: Revue européenne de sexologie et de santé sexuelle / European Journal of Sexology and Sexual Health, 21(2), 92-99 doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2011.05.001 .

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence à partir du suivi de six femmes victimes de viols par leur conjoint, les effets de la thérapie « eye movement desensitization reprocessing », notamment en ce qui concerne la réduction des symptômes d’état de stress posttraumatique, d’anxiété et de dépression. Toutes ces femmes ont, en outre, fait l’objet d’une évaluation quantitative à partir d’échelles de mesure proposées avant la prise en charge ainsi qu’à l’issue de chacune des séances. Les échelles utilisées sont l’Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, l’Impact Event Scale et un indicateur propre à la thérapie Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, le Subject Unit of Distress. Les victimes ont également participé à deux entretiens plus qualitatifs avant et après la prise en charge, afin d’évaluer plus précisément la présence ou non de symptômes d’état de stress post-traumatique sur la base des indications fournies par le Manuel Diagnostic et Statistique des troubles mentaux (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2004). Les résultats obtenus sont conformes à nos attentes et montrent une diminution significative et progressive des scores aux différentes échelles au fur et à mesure des séances. Ainsi, comme on le rencontre classiquement dans la littérature, une prise en charge par la thérapie Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing conduit les sujets à s’auto-évaluer comme étant de moins en moins perturbés au fur et à mesure que la psychothérapie progresse. Nous avons également pu observer une réduction importante des scores aux différentes échelles à l’issue des deux premières séances. Enfin, la prise en charge psychologique réalisée à partir de la thérapie « eye movement desensitization reprocessing » a conduit à une diminution notable du nombre de symptômes liés au diagnostic d’état de stress post-traumatique. Cette diminution s’est révélée homogène pour les trois critères pris en compte (critère B, C et D du American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2004).

The objective of this study is to demonstrate through monitoring of six women raped by their spouses, the effects of therapy "Eye Movement Desensitization reprocessing, "including with regard to reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress state, anxiety and depression. All these women have also been a quantitative assessment based on measurement scales proposed by the management and at the end of each session. The scales used were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Impact Event Scale and an indicator specific therapy Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, the Subject Unit of Distress. Victims have also participated in two interviews more qualitative before and after treatment to assess more accurately the presence or without symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on the basis of information provided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2004). The results are consistent with our expectations and show a significant decrease and progressive scores at different levels as and when the sessions. Thus, as is typically found in the literature, supported by a therapy Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing leads individuals to assess themselves as less disturbed as and as psychotherapy progresses. We also observed a significant reduction in scores on different scales at the end the first two sessions. Finally, the psychological care made from the therapy "eye movement Desensitization Reprocessing" led to a significant reduction in the number of symptoms to diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. This decrease has been consistent for the three criteria considered (criterion B, C and D of the American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2004).

Keywords: Anxiety Depression Females Marital Rape Partner Rape Victims Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

242. Fernandez, I. (2008, Novembre). Interventi precoci con EMDR: Applicazione nei disturbi post-traumatici acuti con vittime di disastri collettivi [Early intervention with EMDR: Application in mass post-traumatic stress/acute disaster victims. Plenaria presentato le applicazioni cliniche di EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Questa relazione descrive l’applicazione dell’EMDR come trattamento precoce focalizzato sul trauma rivolto a bambini coinvolti in diastri collettivi (disastri naturali, incidenti e provocato in modo intenzionale dalla mano dell’uomo). Il trattamento con EMDR in tutti questi casi è stato parte di un intervento con questa popolazione ed è stato il trattamento di elezione di bambini in età scolastica che erano stati i più esposti a eventi traumatici. In molti di questi casi, 3 cicli di sedute di EMDR sono stati organizzati ad un mese, a tre mesi e ad un anno dall’evento critico. I bambini hanno avuto delle sedute individuali nella maggior parte dei casi dato che avevano avuto una grave traumatizzazione, unite al lutto, dove avevano vissuto una minaccia alla propria vita e la perdita di amici e fratelli. Il supporto psicologico e il trattamento EMDR sono stati forniti anche ai genitori, al personale scolastico e questo aspetto è stato di fondamentale importanza negli ultimi interventi per rafforzare e mantenere i risultati nei bambini. I risultati di questionari e delle interviste cliniche per valutare la sintomatologia post-traumatica prima e dopo il trattamento verranno descritti durante la presentazione insieme ai dati del follow-up. Il gruppo trattato dimostra un miglioramento significativo dopo il trattamento con EMDR. L’analisi statistica dei risultati sarà descritta in modo approfondito. Durante la relazione verranno sottolineati gli aspetti clinici dell’applicazione dell’EMDR con i bambini dopo un trauma recente particolarmente grave. Le reazioni post-traumatiche di questo gruppo in età evolutiva sono state valutate, misurate e hanno dato delle informazioni rilevanti per questo campo di applicazione. Il trattamento EMDR con i genitori e con altri adulti coinvolti nel disastro e che era a contatto con i bambini si è rivelato un intervento chiave per quanto riguarda la sintomatologia dei bambini. A conclusione verranno presentate delle linee guida e delle indicazioni per la strutturazione di interventi sulla base di questi studi sul campo.

This report describes the application of EMDR as early treatment focused on trauma facing children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and pollution in intentionally by man). Treatment with EMDR in all these cases was part of an intervention with this population and was the treatment of choice for school-age children who were most exposed to events traumatic. In many of these cases, 3 cycles of EMDR sessions were held one month, three months and one year after the event critical. The children have had some individual sessions in most cases because they had severe trauma, united in mourning, where they had lived a threat to his life and the loss of friends and brothers. Psychological support and treatment EMDR was provided to parents, staff school and this aspect was of paramount importance in recent efforts to reinforce and keep the results in children. The results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess the symptoms post trauma before and after treatment will be described during the presentation along with the data of follow-up. The treated group demonstrated significant improvement after treatment with EMDR. The statistical analysis of results will be described in detail. The report will be highlighted during the clinical application of EMDR with children after a recent trauma particularly serious. Post-traumatic reactions of this growing age group were assessed, measured and have information relevant to this scope. EMDR treatment with parents and other adults involved in disaster and who was in contact with children has proved a key intervention regarding symptoms of children. A conclusion will discuss the guidelines and indications for the structuring of interventions based on these field studies.

Keywords: Early Intervention Mass Disasters Plenary Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

243. Hembree, E., & Foa, E. (2003, April). Interventions for trauma-related emotional disturbances in adult victims of crime. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(2), 187-199. doi:10.1023/A:1022803408114.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper provides an overview of several treatment interventions for trauma-related disturbances in adult victims of crime. Following a brief discussion of mental health service utilization among crime victims, we describe interventions for acute and chronic reactions to trauma. We present some controlled studies of psychosocial treatments for PTSD that have gained empirical support and are recommended as first line interventions by expert consensus including exposure therapy, cognitive therapy, and stress inoculation training, followed by a brief summary of selected studies examining the efficacy of pharmacological treatment for PTSD. Finally, we discuss multicultural issues, factors associated with treatment outcome, and challenges we have encountered in treating crime victims. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Crime Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

244. Karim, S. F. (2002-2003). Introducing EMDR: Its implications for clinical practice and research. Journal of the Faculty of Arts, The Dhaka University Studies, 59(1), 50 (2), & 60(1), 201-206.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR is a complex, time efficient and powerful method of psychotherapy that integrates many of the most successful elements of a wide range of therapeutic approaches, even long-term Freudian analysis. The procedure involves having the client focus intensively on the traumatic memory while moving the eyes rapidly from side to side, by visually tracking the therapist's moving hand. This seems to render the traumatic memory accessible to the healing resources of the rest of the personality, where it may be worked through and integrated. In addition, it uses eye movements or other forms of rhythmical stimulation. such as taps or tones, in a way that seems to assist the brain's information-processing system to processed at a rapid rate. Special protocols may be used for a single traumatic event, current anxiety and behaviour, recent traumatic events, phobias, excessive grief, illness and somatic disorders and different forms of addictions. Protocols include the sequence of progressing on a particular target. EMDR as an integrative approach starts from the moment the client enters through the door. Although called Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing, directed eye movements (where the eye movement is given a direction by tracking with two fingers) is only one form of stimulation used as a part of its complete methodology. Other forms of stimulation include bilateral auditory stimulation and alternate hand tapping. It is an innovative clinical treatment for victims of trauma. Francine Shapiro introduced it in 1989 and a large number of clinicians worldwide have been trained in the method. Francine Shapiro defines "the goal of EMDR is to achieve the most profound and comprehensive treatment effects possible in the shortest period of time, while maintaining client stability with a balanced system" (Shapiro, 2001).

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

245. Shapiro, F. (2012, October). Introduction to EMDR therapy. Presentation at the Pre-Meeting Institute of the 28th Annual Meeting of ISTSS, Los Angeles, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will introduce the basics of EMDR therapy and provide an overview of treatment. Both the theoretical foundation and recent research findings will be explored. EMDR is an evidence-based psychotherapy supported by more than 20 randomized controlled studies. Meta-analyses have indicated that the effects of EMDR on PTSD symptoms are comparable to those of trauma-focused CBT. However, EMDR therapy does not require homework, sustained arousal, detailed descriptions of the index trauma, or extended exposure to the event. While the eye movement component has been the subject of controversy, in the past decade an additional 20 randomized trials have evaluated the eye movements and demonstrated significantly superior effects compared to “exposure-only” conditions. The eye movements have been shown to (a) decrease the emotionality and vividness of memories, (b) create physiological relaxation responses, (c) facilitate access to associative memories and (d) lead to an increase in recognition of correct information. Two dominant theories regarding the role of the eye movements have emerged: (1) disruption of working memory and (2) elicitation of an orienting response. The research and clinical implications will be examined. The goals of this presentation parallel those of the conference itself by allowing participants to evaluate ways in which EMDR therapy offers innovations in both conceptualization and clinical treatment. These innovations include ways to support therapy retention and increase stability for those clients ordinarily considered too fragile to tolerate memory processing. Outreach can also be increased through the use of consecutive-day trauma treatment. Relevant research will be reported on the use of EMDR therapy with diverse populations. Participants will learn how the adaptive information processing theory that guides EMDR therapy practice offers a reconceptualization of (a) psychopathology, (b) therapeutic change, (c) the therapy relationship, (d) preparation for processing and (e) the multiple methods included in the therapy. The presentation will provide participants with the theoretical basis for EMDR therapy, an overview of the eight treatment phases, the three-pronged selection of processing targets, pertinent research, as well as applications to the full range of trauma victims. Videotaped sessions will demonstrate diverse treatment effects and provide participants with comparisons to other research-supported trauma treatments. 1-Describe the relevant research findings 2-Identify the components of the standard EMDR therapy three-pronged approach to processing 3-Contrast EMDR therapy with other empirically supported trauma treatments

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

246. Stowasser, J. (2011, August). An introduction to the treatment of domestic violence victims. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This cursory presentation may help the clinician recognize domestic violence clients and inspire interest in further training, promoting safer integration of EMDR in the treatment of domestic violence. Definitions, statistics, and examples of domestic violence will be briefly explored. History taking approach regarding exposure in childhood and in adulthood will be touched upon. Assessing the victim’s safety, readiness for treatment, and safer reprocessing will be highlighted. Target selection and the three-pronged approach will be briefly examined. Greater awareness may safeguard their practice with this potentially lethal population.

Keywords: Domestic Violence Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

247. Hennessey, V. (2010, April 6). Jury selection begins in rape trial of Thomas Pollacci. Monterey County, CA: The Herald.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
According to the Web site emdr-therapy.com, the technique is used to treat victims of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder. Bilateral tones or taps, right and left eye movement or tactile stimulation activates opposite sides of the brain, releasing memories that are "trapped" in the nervous system, the site explains. The intent of the therapy is to replace those images with more positive feelings.
According to the EMDR Institute Inc., "clients generally experience the emergence of insight, changes in memories, or new associations." Scott said he would require an evidentiary hearing outside the presence of the jury to explore the science of the technique, whether it is admissible in court and how it might affect the woman's ability to testify about memories she had before the treatment.

Keywords: Court Hearing Rape Retrieved Memories Testimony Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

248. Becher, M. (2002, Mai). Kasuistik einer patientin mit dissoziativer identitätsstörung [Case report of a female patient with dissociative identity disorder]. Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der EMDR Europe Association, Frankfurt, Deutschland.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chairs: Meusers, M. & Freiha, T.

Keywords: DID Dissociative Identity Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

249. Zaghrout-Hodali, M. Z., & El Ayyaseh, F. E. (2007, June). Keeping hope alive: EMDR as an effective part of the East Jerusalem YMCA Rehabilitation program working with victims of ongoing trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper describes the adoption of EMDR as part of an ongoing psycho-social program, working with victims of violence in a situation of ongoing trauma. The program addressed the mental, emotional, and physical needs of individuals and families and has found EMDR to be an effective and prompt means of effecting change in individuals and by extension, in families and communities.
The paper will report on the effectiveness and efficiency of the EMDR approach. It will present cases to show the effectiveness of the group and individual butterfly hug methodologies with children, adults, and families in stabilizing and maintaining people who are victims of ongoing trauma.

Keywords: East Jerusalem YMCA Rehabilitation Program

Accuracy Verified: Yes

250. Ziveri, D. (2002). L'efficacia dell‘EMDR nella psicoterapia del PTSD e dei ricordi traumatici: Valutazione delle risposte del potenziale elettrodermico (SPR) attraverso il biofeedback [The effectiveness of EMDR psychotherapy on PTSD and traumatic memories: Assessing the potential electrodermal responses (SPR) through biofeedback]. WWW.Psicotraumatologia.com, Pubblicazioni in linguia italiana..

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Nel XXI secolo per la prima volta l'uomo avrà il potere di plasmare la Terra che desidera, costruire edifici alti come montagne e navi capaci di portarlo nello spazio, mettere insieme macchine intelligenti, sconfiggere molte malattie e cambiare se stesso intervenendo sui geni. A queste visioni ottimistiche (rassicuranti?) del futuro risponde la realtà del nuovo millennio: situazione ecologica planetaria prossima al collasso, panico ad occidente e disperazione a Sud. Vi sono circa 50 guerre in atto nel mondo con milioni di morti quasi tutti civili e colonne di profughi in fuga, nuovi pericoli terroristici e rilancio delle armi atomiche e dell'industria bellica. Ci sembra che tutto questo accada altrove, al di là di uno schermo televisivo; ma se oggi anche i problemi sono globalizzati allora allarmi ed appelli alla giustizia, alla pace ed alla solidarietà sono rivolti ad ogni coscienza. Particolarmente attente dovrebbero essere le menti di politici e scienziati di ogni parte del mondo. Particolarmente sensibili alle tematiche in questione dovrebbero essere le professioni d'aiuto. Dobbiamo chiederci cosa succeda alle vittime del potere di pochi. “E poi so bene: tutto ciò che si affonda in noi, come un mucchio di pietrame, finché dura la guerra, si ridesterà un giorno a guerra finita, e allora comincerà la resa dei conti, per la vita e per la morte.” (Niente di nuovo sul fronte occidentale, Erich Maria Remarque, 1929). Nella tradizione rileviamo un'attenzione quasi esclusiva per l’organismo e per le lesioni fisiche dell'uomo colpito dalla violenza. Il passo in avanti 6 consiste nel superare l'attenzione esclusiva al corpo per occuparsi anche delle ferite psichiche, altrettanto gravi e profonde di quelle fisiche. Se il termine psicologia significa nella sua origine greca "discorso sull'anima" ad indicare la ricerca della conoscenza del comportamento e dell'animo umano, esso indica oggi una disciplina sempre più attenta al suo essere scientifica. Tuttavia non dobbiamo disgiungere la scientificità della ricerca dall'utilità dell'intervento clinico, fine ultimo della professione. Il lavoro che vado presentando nasce da una riflessione sulla capacità della psicologia di fornire risposte concrete a situazioni complesse ed altrimenti difficili per ogni uomo. Ogni violenza, dai lontani scenari di guerra a quelli domestici di abuso, è un'immane tragedia: la ricerca sul disturbo post-traumatico da stress (PTSD) e gli interessanti e promettenti risultati di tecniche terapeutiche come l'Eyes Movements Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) meritano perciò molta attenzione. Si ricordi che nel 1987 il primo studio della dott.sa Francine Shapiro, scopritrice di tale metodo, aiutò proprio una vittima della guerra del Vietnam. Questo caso oltre a gettare le basi per le successive ricerche controllate su tale terapia innovativa e a permetterne lo sviluppo, lasciò intravedere una speranza per le molte vittime dei conflitti armati e della violenza. L’EMDR si presenta come una buona risposta rapida ed efficace, la più efficace secondo alcune valutazioni meta-analitiche, all’insorgenza del PTSD per la risoluzione di eventi non elaborati. Non stiamo parlando di una panacea indistinta per tutti i casi in ogni condizione. Tuttavia le sue caratteristiche di brevità (in circostanze favorevoli), di buoni risultati, di integrazione tra diversi approcci ed il carattere non invasivo, ne fanno un candidato ideale come strumento d’elezione per il PTSD. 7 Dato quindi l’alto potenziale presentato dalla metodica in ambito clinico, la ricerca si pone come assolutamente necessaria e le prove sperimentali come essenziali. Queste alfine sono le considerazioni da cui muove l’intero percorso sperimentale qui esposto. Vorrei testimoniare con questo lavoro l’affetto verso i miei genitori. Ringrazio l’equipe che sta conducendo questa ricerca: il relatore prof. Roberto Anchisi, il correlatore prof. Roberto Guzzi, il correlatore dott. Michele Giannantonio e l’Associazione Emdr per l’Italia, specialmente la dott.sa Isabel Fernandez, nonché i valutatori indipendenti. Ringrazio di cuore tutte le persone a me vicine che mi hanno aiutato, Diego per la correzione delle bozze, il dott. Davide Gerevini perché è un amico e per il suo paziente aiuto. Non dimenticherò mai Capitan Max, l'imprevedibile Davide e Valentina, le persone più speciali che abbia incontrato durante questo corso di laurea.

In the twenty first century man has the power to shape the earth he wants to build tall buildings like mountains and ships able to carry it into space, putting together intelligent machines, overcome many diseases and change himself by acting on genes. These optimistic views (reassuring?) Of the future meets the reality of the new millennium: global ecological situation close to collapse, panic and despair in the south west there are about 50 wars taking place in the world with millions of dead civilians and almost all columns of refugees fleeing new dangers of terrorism and revival of atomic weapons and war industry. It seems that this happens elsewhere, beyond the television screen, but if the problems today are globalized, then alarms and calls for justice, peace and solidarity are addressed to all consciousness. Should be particularly attentive minds of politicians and scientists all over the world. Particularly sensitive to these themes should be the helping professions. We must ask ourselves what happens to victims of the power of a few. "And then I know: all that sinks in us, like a pile of stones, as long the war lasts, you awaken one day after the war, and then begin the reckoning for the life and death." (All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque, 1929). In tradition we find an almost exclusive to the body and the human suffering personal injury from violence. The sixth step is to overcome the exclusive attention to the body to deal also with psychic wounds, serious and profound as those of individuals. If the word psychology in its Greek origin means "soul talk" to indicate the search for knowledge of the behavior and the human soul, it now shows a discipline increasingly attentive to its being scientific. But we must not separate the scientific research of clinical utility of the intervention, the ultimate goal of the profession. The work that I presented comes from a reflection on the ability of psychology to provide practical answers to complex situations and otherwise difficult for everyone. All violence, far from war scenarios to domestic abuse, is a great tragedy: the research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the interesting and promising results of therapeutic techniques such as desensitization and reprocessing Eyes Movements ( EMDR) deserve so much attention. Remember that in 1987 the first study of dott.sa Francine Shapiro, discoverer of that method, he helped his victim of the Vietnam War. This case as well as lay the groundwork for subsequent research on that check and allow the development of innovative therapy, suggests a hope for many victims of armed conflicts and violence. EMDR is as good a rapid and effective response, the most effective according to some meta-analytic assessments, the occurrence of PTSD for the resolution of events not processed. We're not talking about a vague panacea for all cases in all conditions. However, the characteristics of brevity (under favorable circumstances), good results of integration between different non-invasive approaches and make it an ideal candidate as a tool of choice for PTSD. 7 Since then the high potential of the method presented in the clinical setting, the research is absolutely necessary and the tests as essential. These are the considerations which finally moves the entire experimental process outlined here. I would witness this job affection to my parents. I thank the team that is conducting this research: the advisor prof. Roberto Anchises, the co-professor. Roberto Guzzi, the co-Dr. Michael Giannantonio EMDR and the Association for Italy, especially dott.sa Isabel Fernandez, as well as independent evaluators. I warmly thank all the people close to me who helped me, Diego for proofreading, Dr. David Gerevini because he is a friend and for his patient help. I will never forget Captain Max, David and Valentina unpredictable, the most special people I have met during this course.

Keywords: Biofeedback Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD SPR Treatment Efficacy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

251. Bruno, T. (2006, Maggio). Le emozioni dei terapeuti nel lavoro con persone vittime di traumi interpersonali [The emotions of therapists working with victims of interpersonal trauma]. Presentazione alla Conferenza Nazionale, Associazione per l'EMDR in Italia, Firenza, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Quando ascoltiamo storie di devastazione, terrore, impotenza e di tradimento della fiducia, come naturale conseguenza, le nostre sicurezze più profonde possono essere messe in crisi. Applicando l’EMDR, a volte, possiamo essere messi di fronte alla “realtà del trauma” inaspettatamente, senza parole: il/la paziente “torna là” rivive l’esperienza col corpo e noi assistiamo e “viviamo il suo trauma”. Le emozioni (paura, schifo, terrore, rabbia, senso di paralisi ecc.) possono irrompere nello spazio sicuro della stanza di terapia e sfidare il nostro senso di “invulnerabilità” e prevedibilità. Rispetto all’impatto del materiale traumatico sul terapeuta quando si trova come testimone di eventi terribili e delle loro conseguenze ci possono essere risposte quali senso di paralisi, paura, desideri sadici e di vendetta, fino a “violazioni del setting”. Nel lavoro sul trauma possiamo agire in un continuum che va da risposte di evitamento con sentimenti di rifiuto e rabbia verso risposte di iper identificazione con la vittima. Esiste un rapporto circolare fra aspetti controtransferali e traumatizzazione secondaria negli operatori. Possono emergere problemi esistenziali e spirituali, sentimenti aggressivi e di giudizio, orrore, rabbia, senso di vulnerabilità, dolore-pena e sintomi classici del Disturbo da Stress Post Traumatico. La conoscenza, la consapevolezza e la gestione di questo processo all’interno della relazione terapeutica è fondante rispetto alla riparazione del danno nelle vittime e alla salute mentale dei terapeuti. Nel corso della presentazione ci sarà una focalizzazione sugli aspetti del ciclo del controtranfert e della traumatizzazione secondaria nel terapeuta e si forniranno elementi di protezione per i terapeuti.

When we hear stories of devastation, terror, helplessness and betrayal of trust, as a natural result, our securities may be made deeper into crisis. Applying EMDR, sometimes, we may be confronted with the "reality of trauma" unexpectedly, without words, it/the patient "back there" relive the experience with the body and we are seeing and "live her trauma." Emotions (fear, disgust, fear, anger, sense of paralysis, etc.) can break into the safe space of the therapy room and challenge our sense of "invulnerability" and predictability. Compared to the impact of traumatic material when the therapist is as a witness to terrible events and their consequences there may be responses such as sense of paralysis, fear, desires and sadistic revenge, to "violations of the setting." In work on trauma, we can act on a continuum ranging from avoidance responses with feelings of rejection and anger responses of hyper identification with the victim. There is a circular relationship between trauma and countertransference issues in the secondary players. Existential and spiritual problems can arise, aggressive feelings and judgments, horror, anger, sense of vulnerability, pain and pain-classic symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Knowledge, awareness and management of this process within the relationship Therapeutic compliance is fundamental to repairing the damage in the victims and mental health therapists. During the presentation there will be a focus on aspects of the cycle controtranfert and secondary traumatization in the therapist and will give protection elements for therapists.

Keywords: Interpersonal Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

252. Moore, T. E., & Alcock, J. E. (2001, March 16). Less than meets the eye. Toronto, Canada: Globe and Mail, Letter to the Editor, A12.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
In Eye Movement Therapy Offers Hope For Trauma Victims (March 13), Sheldon Walker mentions his enthusiasm for EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). According to him, "positive results can often be achieved very quickly with this method." A recent appraisal of EMDR published in Clinical Psychology Review noted that EMDR's enormous popularity as a treatment for anxiety disorders appears to have greatly out-stripped the research evidence adduced for its efficacy. This raises disturbing questions concerning EMDR's aggressive commercial promotion, its rapid acceptance among practitioners, and its pseudoscientific nature. Caveat emptor.

Keywords: General Letter Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

253. Merlis, D. (1998, June 2). Letters. Washington, DC: The Washington Post.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The Wave of a Hand "Can Trauma Be Relieved By the Wave of a Hand" {Cover Story, April 21} was a disappointment in that it failed to inform the reader about many important developments taking place not only related to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy but in the neurosciences in general. Many leading traumatologists are using EMDR and endorse it as an important part of the multi-modal treatment of complex traumatic stress disorders. The article included a statement, "desperate people believe in desperate things," that is very disrespectful of the many thousands of trauma victims who have suffered and found relief with EMDR treatment. EMDR is not a magical and painless process. The individuals who have used EMDR to recover have worked very hard in their treatment. They should be acknowledged for their courage and determination. And far from being member of a "charismatic cult," as the story suggested, clinicians who use EMDR care are considerably diverse in terms of their theoretical orientation and world views.

Keywords: Letter

Accuracy Verified: No

254. Prattos, T. (2000, February 24). Letters to the Editor - David Blore's 2000 paper. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
"I would like to ask some questions concerning the protocol you have developed for the miners. Do you differentiate it with people trapped under buildings? I've read your paper quite carehlly and I know you mention it does, but I was wondering about the air flow. That part is not very clear to me. What is it that happens with the air when a building collapses? Do you mean that it feels different, or that the air flow changes direction at the exact time that the collapse begins? In other words that the air one used to breath before the collapse feels different than after the collapse? Also why is the amount of fluid consumption important? Does it have to do with whether they had drunk water or coffee before the collapse or if they were given fluids by the rescue teams? I guess it has to do with establishing the feeling of thirst under the rubble or dehydration? My questions might sound silly but I do have them. I'd appreciate your feedback on this. I do have in mind the stories I've heard from the survivors. Horrendous experiences that I'm concerned of where I start from. Their personal experiences, the loss of their friends, the impact it had on their company. There are so many issues involved here."

Keywords: Earthquake Letter Underground Trauma Protocol UTP Victims Turkey

Accuracy Verified: Yes

255. Puente, K. (2010, May 18). Long Beach doctor helps Haitians deal with quake trauma. Walnut Creek, CA: Contra Costa Times.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Dr. Vivian Lamphear, a clinical psychologist and Long Beach resident, has been traveling to Haiti to treat victims with post traumatic stress disorder. The doctor says the need for mental health treatment in Haiti is great.

Keywords: Haiti Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Vivian Lamphear

Accuracy Verified: Yes

256. Keefe, C. (1995, June 14). Looking trauma in the eye: An unusual psychotherapy technique brings relief to trauma victims. Orange County, CA: The Orange County Register, Morning, Accent, E01.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Traditional therapy failed to bring lasting relief from her demons. Morgan says Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing _ EMDR _ finally released her from the horrors of her past. EMDR is a technique practiced by licensed clinicians to help trauma victims replace negative images and emotions with positive ones. Its basic premise is that the human brain wants to heal itself.

Keywords: General Orange County Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

257. Meignant, M. (2012, April). Love and punishment (EMDR healing educational violence)/Amour et châtiments (Comment l’EMDR peut soulager la violence éducative ordinaire). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Documentary Film in French with English subtitles- discussion following in French and English.
Film en français, sous-titres en anglais, suivi d’une discussion en français et anglais.
More and more people are concerned about one of the most radical sources of damage inflicted upon mankind; something which affects many children throughout the world, i.e., the emotional and cognitive damage to children caused by violence in their everyday , e.g. spankings, shouts and humiliation. The abolition of violence in a child’s daily education is one of the most important humanitarian steps for mankind, as it is a most effective way of fighting the perpetuation of violence in war and terrorism. Also, of importance is the treatment of children who have been the victims of violence in their everyday education. Presented in this film is a psychotherapeutic session, using the EMDR, on Mario Viana who struggled with spelling at school, and was consequently punished. Every spelling mistake was punished by a slap of a rod! Yves Duteil sings «The rights of every child»
Learning objective: 1. How to use EMDR to relieve the suffering caused by violence in every day education.

Keywords: Educational Violence Video

Accuracy Verified: Yes

258. Gamba, M. (2005). L’integrazione dell'EMDR nella psicoterapia dei disturbi del comportamento alimentare [EMDR integration into the psychotherapy of eating disorders]. Universita Degli Studi Padova, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Questo mio lavoro di tesi rappresenta una rassegna degli studi compiuti negli ultimi anni, sui disturbi del comportamento alimentare. Negli ultimi vent’anni molto è stato detto su questa patologia che ha attirato l’attenzione non solo di clinici e specialisti ma anche dei mass media. Si tratta, purtroppo, di disturbi che si stanno imponendo sempre di più nella società occidentale e che iniziano a comparire anche nelle zone più povere del mondo. Come sarà possibile notare nel primo capitolo, questi disturbi interessano principalmente, ma non esclusivamente, soggetti di sesso femminile e gli indici di prevalenza indicano un valore attorno all’1% per la bulimia nervosa nelle giovani donne adulte, mentre per l’anoressia nervosa questa percentuale oscilla attorno lo 0,3%. Dopo una descrizione generale di queste patologie, mi sono occupata dei disturbi specifici evidenziati dal DSM-IV, redatto dall’American Psychiatric Association nel 1996: Anoressia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Disturbo da Alimentazione Incontrollata (BED). Questi disturbi vengono descritti singolarmente, analizzandone i fattori di rischio e le caratteristiche cliniche e diagnostiche; nella descrizione ho tralasciato i fattori eziopatogenetici della Bulimia Nervosa e del BED perché sono rintracciabili tra quelli evidenziati per l’Anoressia Nervosa.

My thesis is a review of studies made in last year, about eating disorders. Over the past twenty years Much has been said about this disease that has attracted the attention not only to and clinical specialists, but also the media. This is, unfortunately, of disorders are becoming more and more in Western society and start to appear even in the poorest parts of the world. As you will notice in the first chapter, these problems primarily, but not exclusively, female subjects, and prevalence rates indicate a value of around 1% for bulimia nervosa in young adult women, while for anorexia nervosa, this percentage fluctuates around 0.3%. after a general description of these diseases, I have dealt with specific disorders highlighted by the DSM-IV, prepared by the American Psychiatric Association in 1996: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, binge eating disorder (BED). These disorders are described individually, analyzing the factors risk and the clinical and diagnostic features, I have omitted in the description causative factors of Bulimia Nervosa and BED because they are detectable among those highlighted for Anorexia Nervosa.

Keywords: Eating Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

259. Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team of the Northern Ireland Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (CREST). (2003, June). The management of post traumatic stress disorder in adults. Belfast, Ireland: Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety.

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Of all the psychotherapies, EMDR and CBT were stated to be the treatments of choice for trauma victims.

Keywords: Treatment Guidelines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

260. Kutz, I., & Bleich, A. (2005). Mental health interventions in a general hospital following terrorist attacks: The Israeli experience. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 10(1/2), 425-437. doi:10.1300/J146v10n01_10.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Over three years of repeated terrorist attacks in Israel have shown that the victims suffering from acute stress syndromes constitute the bulk of the casualties. The large number of psychological victims presents an immediate problem of hospital surge capacity. The need for alleviating acute suffering and preventing chronic, disabling posttraumatic syndromes requires organizational and clinical skills. The article reviews deployment and intervention protocols for the treatment of victims and affected staff members in a general hospital setting. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Crisis Emergency Rooms Group Psychotherapy Israelis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Terrorism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

261. Siegel, J. (1999, October 27). Mental health workers to aid Turkish victims. Jeruslaem, Israel: Jerusalem Post, News, 5.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Six mental health professionals will fly to Turkey today to train more than 110 local psychologists to treat post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from the recent earthquake. They will use an unusual treatment called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The volunteer therapists are part of a worldwide organization called the Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of EMDR, said Dr. Gary Quinn, a member of the Israeli group.

Keywords: Gary Quinn Jerusalem Mental Health Workers Turkey Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

262. Kaplan, S. & van Ommeren, M. (2001, June). A model for training in low income countries: Nepal. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(2), 4.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
EMDR training is always a challenge. Training paraprofessionals across cultures in low- income countries in a safe and sustainable way is an even greater challenge. Under the auspices of EMDR-HAP, we recently offered training to paraprofessionals in Nepal, who work with victims of torture. The training consisted of four key elements: 1. The paraprofessionals who participated had been trained and were experienced in effective counseling methods other than EMDR. 2. The training was tailored to the needs of the trainees, to the needs of their clients, and included a significant amount of supervised practice. 3. It was a combined effort with a visiting trainer and a seasoned EMDR therapist who was associated with and had prepared the trainees for the training. 4. This local clinician offered immediate and on-going follow up consultation/ supervision.

Keywords: Nepal

Accuracy Verified: Yes

263. Aubert-Khalfa, S., & Roques, J. (2007, Juin). Modifications des résponses psychophysiologiques au stress chez les patients PTSD aprés une seule séance d'EMDR [Modifications of psychophysiologcal response to stress in PTSD patients after a single EMDR session]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patients atteints de SSPT démontrer anormale des réponses psychophysiologiques aux événements stressants. Ce dérèglement automatique est donc l'une des mesures objectives de stress post-traumatique qui pourrait également être utilisé pour évaluer les effets traitement du SSPT. Étant donné que la thérapie EMDR semble être un traitement de choix pour les victimes de traumatismes, l'objectif de l'étude était de vérifier que les réponses psychophysiologiques au stress a diminué après une séance EMDR unique. Six patients atteints du SSPT ont été traités par un thérapeute EMDR. Tout d'abord, au niveau clinique, à la fin de la session, les six patients ont eu une réduction très nette de leur niveau de perturbation subjective (SUD), leurs scores SSPT diminué (évaluée par le PLC-S), et leur auto-évaluation ( COV) est devenue positive, confirmant des études antérieures sur l'efficacité de l'EMDR. Deuxièmement, leurs réponses psychophysiologiques (rythme cardiaque, la conductance de la peau, le rythme respiratoire et la température de la peau) pendant un état de détente et tout en visualisant leur propre événement traumatique ont été enregistrées avant et après la session de l'EMDR. Malgré un nombre restreint de patients, après une seule séance EMDR, les réponses physiologiques à l'évocation de l'événement traumatique a diminué de manière significative. Cela comprenait la conductance de la peau, la fréquence cardiaque et la température de la peau. Ces résultats de l'étude préliminaire de confirmer l'efficacité du traitement EMDR sur le SSPT de la première session. Ils mettent également en évidence les effets thérapie EMDR sur le système nerveux autonome. Les changements psychophysiologiques enregistrés peuvent faire partie de mécanismes sous-jacents de traitement EMDR. D'autres études, y compris ces mesures seront donc nécessaires pour tester l'hypothèse.

PTSD patients demonstrate abnormal psychophysiological responses to stressful events. This automatic dysregulation is thus one of the objective measures of PTSD which could also be used to assess therapy effects on PTSD. Given that the EMDR therapy appears to be a treatment of choice for trauma victims, the aim of the study was to verify that the psychophysiological responses to stress decreased after a single EMDR session. Six PTSD patients have been treated by an EMDR therapist. First, at the clinical level, at the end of the session, all six patients had a very clear reduction of their subjective disturbance level (SUD), their PTSD scores diminished (as assessed by PLC-S), and their self-assessments (VOC) became positive, confirming previous studies on EMDR’s efficacy. Second, their psychophysiological responses (heart rate, skin conductance, respiration rate, and skin temperature) during a relaxing state and while visualizing their own traumatic event were recorded before and after the EMDR session. Despite small number of patients, after only one EMDR session, physiological responses to the evocation of the traumatic event decreased significantly. This included skin conductance, heart rate and skin temperature. These preliminary study results confirm the EMDR treatment efficiency on PTSD from the first session. They also highlight the EMDR therapy effects on the autonomic nervous system. The psychophysiological changes recorded may be part of the mechanisms underlying EMDR treatment. Further studies including these measures will therefore be necessary to test the hypothesis.

Keywords: Immersion Stress Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiological Responses PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

264. Carlson, B. E. (2005, January). The most important things learned about violence and trauma in the past 20 years. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(1), 119-126. doi:10.1177/0886260504268603 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In the past 2 decades, important insights have been gained regarding violence and trauma. Complications occur in how violence and trauma, their causes, and their effects on victims should be defined. Violence and abuse to women -- physical, sexual, and emotional -- are not rare events and are most often perpetrated by partners or acquaintances rather than strangers and occur in nonmarital as well as marital relationships, including same-sex relationships. A promising methodological innovation in the study of violence and trauma is the use of longitudinal designs. Innovations in treatments for victims such as evidence-based interventions have been slow to emerge; they include eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the Seeking Safety group intervention for drug-abusing women with trauma histories. Future research should address increased understanding of variation in individual responses to violence and trauma, matching of treatment to different types of male offenders, better understanding of how culture affects violence perpetration and victimization, and evaluation of domestic violence interventions. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Commentary Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Review Scientific Research Spouse Abuse Survivors Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

265. Bradshaw, J. (2008, June). Neurobiological factors when working with children who have been victims of domestic violence and other traumatic events using EMDR. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will highlight the effects of domestic violence and other traumatic experiences on children from pre birth to 12 years of age and how EMDR can reduce the symptoms and give the subject a more appropriate perception of their experiences. The neurobiological aspects will be discussed at pre and post treatment of EMDR. EMDR therapy has proven to be a highly successful technique in the relief of psychological distress after trauma. It will be shown that babies traumatised before birth can be treated as effectively as children traumatised after birth. The impact on the developing baby will be discussed in relation to the stage of gestation that the mother experienced trauma. Knowledge of sensory development in pregnancy can inform the treatment plan for mother and baby subsequently. The impact of domestic violence and traumatic birth will be explored. If untreated in the mother there can be long lasting effects in the mother, child and the parent child relationship. Clinical examples will explain how EMDR can be modified to treat unresolved traumatic events. In infancy and early childhood memories are stored in sensory form often with little language. We will illustrate on video a narrative approach combined with parent facilitated EMDR in a traumatised 30 month old infant whose parents have a history of drug use. The impact of traumatic stress on the developing brain will be discussed and illustrated by video of two EMDR sessions with 10 and 12 year old children. This will show how the normal EMDR protocol must be modified to take childhood factors into account.

Keywords: Children Domestic Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

266. Scaer, R. (2006, June). The neurophysiology of healing. Presentation at the Psychotherapy Networker Symposium Teleconference, Boulder, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In studying these patients, he has come to the conclusion that the emotional response to a traumatic event and the long-term physical symptoms and disabilities related to the injuries that the patient has suffered are intricately and specifically related to each other, forming a psychological/physical continuum that must be addressed for healing to take place. Specifically, in his study of victims of motor vehicle accidents, he has concluded that the varied symptoms of the Whiplash Syndrome have their roots in the storage of the somatic and autonomic sensory experiences of the accident in procedural memory, thereafter to be reproduced as symptoms in situations that reflect subtle cues of the traumatic experience. Applying this theory to the spectrum of life experiences, he has developed a theory based on the neurophysiology of traumatic stress that relates the myriad experiences of life trauma common to all of us to the development of many chronic diseases currently of unknown cause.

Keywords: Neurophysiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

267. Greenwald, R. (1996, October). New hope for trauma victims. Ithaca, NY: Ithaca Times.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Even the word shocks, jars a little. But most of us have some. Who hasn't been in a car accident, a house fire, lost a loved one, been assaulted? Not to mention child abuse, rape, war... These are the adverse life experiences that are supposed to make us stronger. Supposed to - but it's not automatic. We become stronger not merely by having a bad experience, but by mastering it. Some people can accomplish this on their own over time, while others may need months or even years of therapy. The important thing is to face it head on, work through the emotions, and get through it. To the other side, where life is good again.

Keywords: General Ithaca Overview Trauma Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

268. Alden, S. (2001, April). New uses for eye movement therapy. Shape, 101.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Some people sufferinq from post-traumatic stress disorder, such as rape or accident victims, have been helped by eye movement desensitization reprocessinq (EMDR), a technique that involves a trained therapist rapidly movinq his or finqers in front of the patient's eyes. Now, some practitioners are usinq it to enhance performance in fields as varied as sports, business and the arts and to help people overcome psycholoqical hurdles such as stage fright. One example: Arden Mahlberq. P~.D..a clinical psycholoqist in Madison, Wis., treated a woman who wanted to qo on a horseback-ridinq vacation with her husband but was afraid of horses. "The woman attained her qoal after one EMDR session," Mahlberq says. "In fact, they qave her the most challenqinq horse."

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

269. Lowe, J. F. (2010, January 5). Northampton psychotherapy team offering free care. Gazette, Hampsire.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The Western Massachusetts EMDR Trauma Recovery Network has stepped up to provide free counseling to anyone affected by the suspicious blazes - from fire victims and witnesses to firefighters who dealt with the incidents to residents beset by last week's tragic events.

Keywords: Fire

Accuracy Verified: No

270. Wilson, S. A. (1995). Oklahoma city. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 14.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This is a report on the EMDR Helping Hands Project which involved the volunteering and assistance provided by EMDR professional practitioners for the victims of the Oklahoma City bombing disaster in 1995.

Keywords: EMDR Helping Hands Project 1995 Oklahoma City Disaster Project

Accuracy Verified: Yes

271. Kleiner, K. (1995). Oklahoma City. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 14 .

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Keywords: EMDR Helping Hands Project 1995 Oklahoma City Disaster Project

Accuracy Verified: Yes

272. Albert, J. (1995). Oklahoma city: "EMDR helping hands" Oklahoma city disaster. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 13-14.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Keywords: EMDR Helping Hands Project 1995 Oklahoma City Disaster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

273. Goldman, R. (1995). Oklahoma city: One more second. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 13.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: Poem by Rebecca Goldman about the Oklahoma City disaster and the individuals who helped the victims.

Keywords: Oklahoma City Disaster Assistance Project Poetry

Accuracy Verified: Yes

274. Holm, O. (2012, October). On the path of shame affect: Its management in traumatized and dissociative patients with the compass of shame and EMDR special interventions and/or IFS ego states. Presentation at the 29th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Long Beach, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Five traumatized patients grouped this way: 2 males, 2 females, one boy of 11. The two men had received treatment with CBT, 1 of females Gestalt therapy, the other female with EMDR, and the 11 years old boy with IFS; they had come to a point of stuck in their therapy because of the therapists not being able to manage Shame Affect during trauma confronting; also, when alters appeared during some therapy sessions in one of the adult females. Four of the patients had already worked on some traumatic memories with previous therapists. According to Compass of Shame 2 of the male patients had a rather high urge to enter into Attacking others pole with rage, and one of them, also, into Avoidance pole with drug abuse, compulsive sex and gamble; two females were more urged to enter into Attack self pole and in 1 of the females, her alter and patient described herself as being very upset and paralyzed with Shame. The 11 years old boy was stuck in Withdrawn pole; a highly Shamed Negative Part was so paralyzed that the Integrating Strategy was stopped until the child Ego state was released from Shame. Learning Objectives: EMDR/and not EMDR participants will able to perform interventions characterized by working with Shame or preparing patients to tolerate Shame. Participants will be able to define the scripts inside each pole of the Compass Participants will be able to identify the different poles of Compass of Shame.
Keywords: Compass of Shame Dissociation IFS Ego States Shame Affect
Accuracy Verified: Yes
275. Hogberg, G., Pagani, M., Sundin, Ö., Soares, J., Aberg-Wistedt, A., Tarnell, B., & Hallstrom, T. (2007, February). On treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in public transportation workers – A randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61, 54-61. doi:10.1080/08039480601129408.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Previous studies on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) investigated a variety of treatments and included mostly patients victims of sexual and combat assault. This study aimed to determine the short-term efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in occupation-based PTSD. Employees of the public transportation system in Stockholm, who had been experiencing a person-under-train accident or had been assaulted at work were recruited. Subjects with trauma exposure since more than 3 months but less than 6 years were included. Twenty-four subjects who fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD were randomized to either EMDR therapy (n=13) or waiting list (WL, n=11). They were assessed pre-treatment and shortly after completion of treatment or WL period. The pre-defined primary outcome variable was full PTSD diagnosis. Secondary outcome variables were the results of various psychometric scales. Twelve participants began and completed five sessions of EMDR and nine completed the WL. After therapy, eight subjects in the EMDR group (67%) and one (11%) in WL did not fulfil the criteria for PTSD diagnosis (difference, P=0.02). Among the secondary outcome variables, there were significant differences post-treatment between the groups EMDR/WL in Global Assessment of Function (GAF) score and Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) score. This study indicates that EMDR has a short-term effect on PTSD in public transportation workers exposed to occupational traumatic events. Such intensive and brief therapy might be further validated in larger samples of exposed workers with longer periods of follow-up.
Keywords: Counter-Conditioning Empirical Study Occupational Health Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Random Control Trial RCT
Accuracy Verified: Yes
276. Nichols, K. M. (1997, November 3). Panic attacks shatter security: They grip millions of Americans. Los Angeles: Daily News, Valley LA Life, L3.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Luckily, using a special technique called EMDR (eye movement, desensitization, reprocessing) developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro of Monterey, the woman's fears left her after one session and she was able to return to normal life.
Also published in:
(1997, December 16). When panic strikes, look deep inside for an underlying cause. Buffalo, NY: The Buffalo News, C1
(1997, November 4). Key to overcoming anxiety attacks is to confront fears. Columbia, SC: The State, Final, Health Science, D1 [3 pages]
(1997, November 2). Panic. Harrisburg, PA: The Patriot-News, Final, Living, I01
(1997, November 24). Panic attacks. Cedar-Rapids/Iowa City, IA: The Gazette, C, 1
(1997, November 10). Panic attacks crush victims. St. Louis, MO: St. Louis Post-Dispatch, E4 [2 pages]
(1997, November 16). When panic strikes. Chicago, IL: Post-Tribune, All, Lifestyle, D3 [3 pages]
(1997, November 23). Counseling said key to curing panic attacks. Baton Rouge, LA: The Advocate, People, 11-H [2 pages]
(1998, February 24). Turn the table on panic attacks. Piedmont Triad, NC: The News & Record
Keywords: Los Angeles Panic Attack Panic Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
277. Foster, S., Lendl, J., & Parrett, B. (1995, June). Peak performance in the work place. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In his book, Anxietv Disorders and Phobias, Aaron Beck, MD, wrote cogently about the so-called "evaluation anxieties." He employed the metaphor of the tightrope walker to describe the constant worry about a possible "fall from grace" experienced by the person troubled by concern about performing well in a variety of life situations. Beck divided these situations into three categories: social situations; school and work settings; and what he called "transactions with the outside world," meaning instances of shopping and traveling. The focus of this three-hour presentation is evaluation or performance anxiety (as it is more often termed) in the workplace and applications of EMDR to removing blocks to optimal functioning at work. The theoretical contribution of Beck and his colleagues will shape the presenters' information about why performance anxiety develops and who is likely to be vulnerable to it. The rationale for this extension of the EMDR model will be grounded in the theoretical framework of cognitive therapy. The two presenters bring their considerable experience with EMDR (five+ years) and expertise in peak performance consulting to participants in this session. From their background, they will derive the presentation's emphasis on EMDR applications that are immediately useful to the participants. To begin, the presenters will provide the aforementioned theoretical understanding of "evaluation anxiety" and its manifestation as performance anxiety in the workplace. Approximately the first quarter of the presentation will be spent in didactic material that describes specifically how performance anxiety interferes with optimal functioning at work across a variety of occupations. Drs. Foster and Lendl will elaborate on two situations in which performance anxiety is especially likely to occur in work-related situations: 1) during periods of rapid change; and 2) during the performance review process. Having established this basis of understanding, the presenters will move on to describe the most commonly observed psychological blocks that impede optimal performance in work settings: 1) external conflicts brought into work; 2) feeling like an 'impostor' in one's position at work, 3) perfectionism as a barrier to performance; 4) past failures that operate as anticipatory anxieties (for example, a client's worry that a past mistake or setback might recur in the future); 5) discrimination on the basis of gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, education or age. Using actual transcripts and videotaped excerpts of their sessions, the presenters will demonstrate how their EMDR interventions may be applied. The presenters will show participants how to assess their own current and prospective clients for the psychological blocks that are interfering with work performance. Efficient ways to elicit negative and positive cognition for these work-related issues will be precisely described. The expected course of the EMDR processing will be illustrated using the presenters' cases which include a perfectionistic dentist, a high level executive after a layoff, a female manager desiring a promotion who is grappling with a chauvinistic boss, and performing artists struggling with stage fright and other barriers to their optimal performance. The presenters will then share with participants the ways in which they assist their clients in reaching and maintaining balance in their life- and work styles, in what the presenters call "Using EMDR to meet daily challenges with optimal response." Specific strategies for integrating EMDR into broader-based interventions will be described for assisting clients in: 1) increasing self-trust; 2) learning to capably manage crises; 3) increasing focus and attention at work; and 4) setting priorities and using time effectively. Lastly, Drs. Foster and Lend will demonstrate additional EMDR applications for assisting clients in attaining and maintaining what the presenters call "Optimal Well-Being." Citing case material, the presenters will show participants the means by which EMDR can be employed to speed recovery from illness and to decrease the rehabilitation time needed following an injury. Participants will be given the opportunity to rehears several of the applications described and to receive feedback fiom the instructors. Reference: Beck, A.T. (1985). Anxiety Disorders and Phobias, Basic Books, New York.
Keywords: Peak Performance Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
278. Greway, G. (2003). Personality change in trauma victims by the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, resource development and installation, and emotional freedom techniques. Union Institute and Unversity, Cincinnati, OH. AAT 3088540.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Personality change in victims of trauma has been demonstrated by key researchers in the field of trauma. This research explored this area further by studying if problem personality patterns can improve to healthier levels by processing trauma symptoms with new rapid trauma techniques. This research provides new information in trauma and personality, as well as offers links to possible new treatment methods. The hypothesis tested in this research was that significant change in problem personality patterns would occur in trauma subjects whose symptoms were processed through a multi-impact therapy that included Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), building ego structure through Resource Installation and Development and reducing physiological stress through the use of Emotional Freedom Techniques, as compared to subjects in the control group who received talking therapy. A sample of ten female participants was selected that had traumatic backgrounds and posttraumatic symptoms. All subjects received the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI III) as a pre and a post test, and the Personality Assessment Screener (PAS) throughout 14 weeks of treatment. The PAS provided a means to measure subjects through descriptive statistics and the MCMI III measured the three highest clinical personality scales and the changes that occurred after the treatment. Within the two groups, the results of the PAS showed that talking therapy may be extremely helpful for personality improvement for some individuals processing trauma issues, but not all. The MCMI III results showed that the multi-impact group appeared to be somewhat more stable, meaning that the multi-impact treatment appeared to aid improvement on all three personality scales. The talking treatment group showed improvement on the most problematic personality scale, minimal increase on the second highest personality scale, and the third highest personality scale became significantly worse as compared to the multi-impact treatment group. This confirmed the hypothesis that there would be significant change in clinical personality scores. This implies that the multi-impact treatment helped individuals in a more efficient manner, in that improvement on personality syndromes or disorders was global. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 64(4-B), 2003, pp. 1902.
Keywords: Emotional Freedom Techniques Emotional Trauma Emotions Freedom Empirical Study Personality Change Resource Development Resource Installation Trauma Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
279. Kreyer, A. K., & Egon, S. (2008, June). Physiological effects of eye movements of different speeds and eye fixation during engagement in negative autobiographical memories: Experimental research regarding EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The aim of the study was to explore the working mechanism of the bilateral stimulation component in EMDR in relation to current hypotheses. Physiological hypotheses (of orienting response and relaxation response) were tested in an analogous experimental setting. Moreover, the clinical advice to use different stimulation speeds for different phases of EMDR was examined at the autonomic level, exploring two different speeds of eye movements. In a within-subject design 42 female students performed 7 short sets each of rapid eye movements (1 Hz), slow eye movements (0.3 Hz) and eye fixation while engaging in negative autobiographical memories. Order of the tasks was counterbalanced. Electrooculogramm (EOG), electrocardiogramm, electrodermal activity and distal pulswave were recorded continuously. Skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (RMSSD) and pulse wave transit time (PWTT) were calculated. Performance of the eye movement tasks were controlled through EOG. All three conditions showed a clear-cut de-arousal at stimulation onset, which was 30 indicated by a decrease in HR and SCL and an increase in RMSSD and PWTT. That means, fast and slow eye movements as well as eye fixation initiated a moderate, but clear relaxation response with increased parasympathetic and reduced sympathetic activity. These results suggest that the speed of eye movements do not influence autonomic functions. Furthermore, the results of this study do not support most of the current hypotheses regarding the working mechanism of the bilateral stimulation in EMDR. Alternative explanations are discussed
Keywords: Autobiographical Memories Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
280. Daniel, J. (2000). Play therapy and EMDR. The Children’s Group Association Newsletter. Retrieved from http://www.cgta.net/newsletters/play_therapy.html November 16, 2011.

Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Children vary greatly in their ability to tolerate focusing on “the problem.” The wise EMDR therapist has various ways of approaching a traumatic memory or a current day problem to fit the tolerance level of the client. EMDR and the process of bilateral stimulation to address problematic material is one method of speeding up therapeutic work with children. However, when using bilateral stimulation with children I am simultaneously using my training as a family systems therapist, and the various play therapy strategies that were the backbone of my work with children before I learned EMDR or other alternative therapies. In a way, EMDR and the sand tray saved my professional life. In my first year of practice after my family therapy post-graduate training, I got a job at a family therapy clinic in Louisville, Kentucky. I was assigned to handle all referrals that came to the agency through a Victim Assistance grant. All of these were cases in which a child had been victim of some crime, and the majority were victims of abuse from some one other than a family member. You can imagine the population. Families who had found that a neighbor or teacher had abused their child were common. Both child and family were traumatized. My family therapy skills were good. But in addition to them I needed two things: a better way for children to communicate their feelings and a way to help both adults and children reduce the intensity of emotions around the trauma they had been through. Just (Continued from page 1) when I was beginning to feel that I was not up to the job, I learned EMDR. With this wonderful knowledge, I found I could help both children and adults move beyond the trauma and regain their grasp on the present moment, their strengths and their security. A deepening understanding of play therapy provided the additional communication tools I needed. Since Then I have never looked back, and find that our field is continually generating new perspectives and more efficient tools for us to use.
Keywords: Children Play Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
281. Servan-Schreiber, D. (2000, July). Point: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Is psychiatry missing the point?. Psychiatric Times, 17(7), 36-40.

Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and disabling condition. Recent estimates of the lifetime prevalence range between 6% and 15%, making this condition possibly more common than major depressive disorder (Breslau et al., 1998; Kessler et al., 1995). In addition, many patients who have been the victims of directed violence, such as rape or assault, continue to meet PTSD criteria 10 years after the incident (Breslau et al., 1998).
Keywords: Pottraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
282. Bleich, A., Kotler, M., Kutz, E., & Shaley, A. (2002). A position paper of the (Israeli) National Council for Mental Health: Guidelines for the assessment and professional intervention with terror victims in the hospital and in the community. Jerusalem, Israel: Israeli National Council for Mental Health.

Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
EMDR is one of only three methods recommended for treatment of terror victims.
Keywords: Israel Treatment Guidelines
Accuracy Verified: Yes
283. Winkel, F. W. (2007, October 17). Post traumatic anger: Missing link in the wheel of misfortune. Lecture delivered on the official acceptance of the INTERVICT office of professor of Psychological Victimology at Tilburg University, Netherlands.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Psychological victimology concerns crime victims in need of emotional support. Sources of support include significant others1, victim assistance volunteers, and mental health professionals. In the wider victimological context, victim needs spark controversy and are subject of a seemingly endless and recurring debate (Ten Boom & Kuijpers, 2007). The issue who is in need has a rather straightforward answer: victims with chronic post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are in need of emotional treatment, and victims at risk of this condition are in need of preventive counseling. The more controversial issue here is why these needs develop, and what constitutes a helpful and effectual response.
Keywords: Anger Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
284. Sekhon, R. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder and treatment. Rose University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder and treatment Abstract: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have been estimated to affect about 8 to 9% of the world population. Research has shown that PTSD occurs in 25% of persons who have been exposed to a traumatic stressor. It has occurred in 35-92% of those who have experienced rape, 65% of those who have endured a nonsexual assault, and 30% of Vietnam veterans. In 1980, the definition of PTSD was created and counsellors were at a loss of how to treat this disorder. Presently, treatment for this disorder is still being developed. This paper conducts a literature review on therapies for PTSD and available studies of their effectiveness. Most psychotherapies for PTSD focus on the reprocessing of traumatic memory, through cognitive or exposure strategies. These treatments include various cognitive behavioural therapies such as exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), psychoanalytic, as well as multimodal combinations of therapies. Research has shown that some of these interventions have produced favourable results in providing relief of symptoms to victims of PTSD. The current discussion found that therapies such as cognitive and exposure have been successful in decreasing symptoms of PTSD; certain therapies were found to be more successful than others with clients who suffered from specific trauma-inducing events.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
285. Qain, M. (2010, July). Posttraumatic growth and its impact factos among earthquake victims in Sichuan. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
To investigate the posttraumatic growth and its impact factors in victims having experienced Wenchuan earthquake and living in community in one of the most severe disaster area. With the Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and questions about the objective and subjective influences (e.g. economic loss, personal feelings) of the earthquake to the subjects, data were collected from 2403 victims living in a temporary community of Pengzhou, a severe disaster impacted area. 2106 valid questionnaire were analyzed for the related factors influencing posttraumatic growth. The age of subjects and PTSD symptoms could predict posttraumatic growth significantly. Both objective and subjective influence of the earthquake on victims contributed significantly to posttraumatic growth, whereas they became less or not significant when PTSD symptoms were accounted into the regression model. PTSD symptoms were the most important factor to predict posttraumatic growth; economic loss for individual experiencing the earthquake could also predict posttraumatic growth stably.
Keywords: Earthquake Sichaun Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
286. van der Kolk, B. A. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder and the nature of trauma. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2(1), 7-22.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The role of psychological trauma (e.g., rape, physical assaults, torture, motor vehicle accidents) as an etiological factor in mental disorders, anticipated as early as the 19th century by Janet, Freud, and Breuer, and more specifically during World War I and II by Kardiner, was "rediscovered" some 20 years ago in the wake of the psychlogical traumas inflicted by the Vietnam war and the discussion "in the open" of sexual abuse and rape by the women's liberation movement. 1980 marked a major turning point, with the incorporation of the diagnostic construct of PTSD into DSM-III and the definition of its main diagnostic criteria (reexperiencing of the traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal). Initially described as resulting from a onetime severe traumatic incident, PTSD has now been shown to be triggered by chronic multiple traumas as well. This "state-of-the-art" article discusses past and current understanding of the disorder, with particular emphasis on the recent explosive developments in neuroimaging and other fields of the neurosciences that have highlighted the complex interrelationships between psychological, psychiatric, biological, and neuroanatomical components of the disorder, and opened up entirely new therapeutic perspectives on how to help the victims of trauma overcome their past. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Etiology Historical Account Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
287. Staff. (2007, May 4). Posttraumatic stress disorder therapy. Drug Week, Expanded Reporting, 62.

Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Researchers detail in "On treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in public transportation workers--a randomized controlled trial," new data in post-traumatic stress disorders. According to recent research published in the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, "Previous studies on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) investigated a variety of treatments and included mostly patients victims of sexual and combat assault. This study aimed to determine the short-term efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in occupation-based PTSD."
Also published in Biotech Business Week, Expanded reporting, 706 - April 30, 2007
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
288. Zimmermann, E. (2010, June). The potential of EMDR in gynaecology and obstetrics: Special application with infertile women. In Female issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The author of this presentation works as psychologist and psychotherapist in a clinic in Fribourg/Switzerland in the department of gynecology and obstetrics. Various applications of EMDR are used, both in gynecologic and obstetrical outcomes. A special patient population, namely infertile women in search of becoming pregnant, are an important part of the work. The purpose of this presentation is to show the special approach that E. Zimmermann has developed by working with infertile women. Infertile women - in opposition to sterile women - are women with no apparent medical reason why they do not become pregnant. These infertile women often pass a particularly long and difficult phase to get pregnant. They are always disappointed by the repeated negative outcome of all their efforts to become pregnant. This is a very difficult phase in the life of the couple too, and not few couples separate during this phase. Especially women feel unable being a mother and their self-esteem is very low. This is why the author has developed a special application of EMDR to this population. The aim is to cope with the difficulties related to these different stages. Another purpose is preparing a desired and possible pregnancy. Women mostly have very different anamnesis, some also including trauma. They have in particular a personal pregnancy or non-pregnancy history, e.g. also abortion. In addition the medical assistance utilized for getting pregnant is quite different for every case. Lots of them end up by using fertilization techniques, which have a low chance of success. This makes it rather difficult for EMDR to treat these women i a standardized way. The author of this workshop has developed a flow-chart providing an concept of applying EMDR at different stages with different types of targets in order to compare the outcomes. By working with EMDR and infertile women, it appears that they become pregnant quicker than what the statistics predict. There are also women who become pregnant after working with EMDR before they start the fertility-program. This is why the author prepares a research study to try to figure out if the EMDR-process can have a positive impact on fertility.
Keywords: Female Issues Gynecology Infertility Obstetrics Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
289. Rothbaum, B. O., Leifker, F. R., & Astin, M. (2008, November). Predictors of outcome in female sexual assault survivors receive PE or EMDR. Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, ILL.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Outcome Predictors Prolonged Exposure Sexual Assault Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
290. Rothbaum, B. (2008, November). Predictors of treatment response for EMDR and prolonged exposure. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Recent developments in PTSD treatment outcome research: Although cognitive behavior therapy is the treatment of choice for PTSD, there is a need to develop more effective treatments and to determine factors that influence treatment response. This symposium presents four studies that address treatment outcome research. The initial paper provides an overview of treatment predictors from two trials of cognitive processing therapy. The second paper reviews the differential responses to treatment of survivors of terrorist attacks and motor vehicle accidents. The third paper reviews predictors of outcome following EMDR and Prolonged Exposure. The fourth paper overviews a series of studies that have used structural and functional fMRI to identify the neural factors that predict response to CBT and also the impact of CBT on neural functioning.

Predictors of treatment response for EMDR and prolonged exposure: Predictors for response to treatment in a controlled study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to a no-treatment wait-list control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims were examined. In this study, 74 participants with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions to achieve 20 completers per group. Independent Assessors blind to the treatment condition administered standard measures of PTSD and related symptoms. Improvement in PTSD, depression, dissociation, and state anxiety was significantly greater in both PE and EMDR group than the WAIT group. PE and EMDR did not differ significantly for change from baseline to either post-treatment or 6-month follow up measurement for any quantitative scale. EMDR subjects with 2 or more comorbid diagnoses, however, improved significantly less than all other active treatment subjects. At post-treatment and 6- months, 95% and 94% of PE subjects and 75% and 74% EMDR subjects no longer met DSM-IV PTSD criteria, respectively. At the 6-month follow-up assessment, 78% of those who received PE and 35% of those who received EMDR met criteria for good end state functioning (p=.017).
Keywords: Panel Prolonged Exposure Symposium Treatment Response Predictors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
291. Tarquinio. C., Brennstuhl, M. J., Reichenbach, S., Rydberg, J. A., & Tarquinio, P. (2012, July-September). Prise en charge précoce de victimes de viols et présentation d’un protocole d’urgence de thérapie EMDR [Early treatment of rape victims: Presentation of an emergency EMDR protocol]. Sexologies: Revue européenne de sexologie et de santé sexuelle & European Journal of Sexology and Sexual Health, 21(3), 147-156 doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2011.11.013.

Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
L’objectif de cette contribution sera de tester l’efficacité d’une nouvelle forme de prise en charge précoce des conséquences de viol. Issue d’une intégration de plusieurs protocoles EMDR d’urgence comme le R-TEP (Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol) de Shapiro (2009), et Modifed Abridged EMDR Protocol de Kutz, Risnik et Dekel (2008), et inspiré par la pratique du débriefing psychologique nous avons pris en charge sur la base d’une seule séance 17 femmes victimes de viols et prises en charge dans les 24 à 78h après leur agression. Suivies après 4 semaines, puis après 6 mois, nous avons mesuré les effets de ce suivi psychologique sur la symptomatologie post-traumatique, la détresse psychologique, ainsi que sur certains indicateurs de la sexualité de ces femmes victimes, en référence à leur sexualité antérieure. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’en une séance on assiste à une réduction intéressante des différentes mesures qui se révèle stable 4 semaines et 6 mois après la prise en charge, de la même manière que la sexualité semble réinvesti par les victimes. Si ce type d’intervention d’urgence ne se substitue en rien à une psychothérapie plus approfondie, sa contribution et sa pertinence dans le cadre d’une prise en charge immédiate ouvre des perspectives intéressantes pour la prise en charge des victimes d’agressions sexuelles.

The aim of this contribution is to test the effectiveness of a new form of early management of the consequences of rape. After an integration of several protocols EMDR emergency such as R-PET (Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol) Shapiro (2009), and modifed Abridged EMDR Protocol of Kutz, Risnik and Dekel (2008), and inspired by the practice of psychological debriefing we supported on the basis of a single session 17 women victims of rape and supported in the 24 to 78 hours after the assault. Followed after 4 weeks, then after six months, we measured the effects of psychological symptoms on post-traumatic psychological distress, as well as some indicators of sexuality of these women who, in reference to their sexuality earlier. The results show that a session there is an interesting reduction of the various measures that proves stable 4 weeks and 6 months after treatment, the same way that sexuality seems reinvested by the victims. If this type of emergency is not a substitute for psychotherapy in no further, its contribution and its relevance in the context of an immediate management opens interesting perspectives for the treatment of victims of sexual assault.
Keywords: Emergency Protocol Rape
Accuracy Verified: Yes
292. Kazi, A., Freund, B., & Ironson, G. (2008, April). Prolonged exposure treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder following the 9/11 attack with a person who escaped from the twin towers. Clinical Case Studies, 7(2), 100-117. doi:10.1177/1534650107306290.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The occurrence and impact of terrorist attacks can be dramatic and long lasting. Cognitivebehavioral interventions are effective in alleviating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors of rape, wartime combat, automobile accidents, and natural disasters. Effectiveness of such interventions on victims of terrorist attacks is in the early stages of research. On September 11, 2001, two hijacked planes crashed into the twin towers in New York City, killing approximately 2,750 people and emotionally and physically affecting thousands who witnessed or escaped the attack. This case study illustrates a course of 12 active prolonged exposure (PE) sessions for PTSD with a female survivor. After 15 sessions (3 of which were preparatory), the client improved 75%, as measured by a composite score of measures. Her reported quality of life had improved dramatically posttreatment and remained stable at 6-month follow-up. This cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention, with 15 office sessions and homework assignments for decreasing avoidances, is described and discussed.
Keywords: 9/11 CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure Treatment PTSD September 11th Terrorist Attacks
Accuracy Verified: Yes
293. Rothbaum, B. O. (2001, November). Prolonged exposure versus EMDR for PTSD rape victims. In P. A. Resick (Chair), Three clinical trials for the treatment of PTSD: Outcome and dissemination. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Enhancement of Behavior Therapy, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: No
294. Rothbaum, B. O., Astin, M. C., & Marsteller, F. (2005, December). Prolonged exposure versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(6), 607-616. doi:10.1002/jts.20069.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This controlled study evaluated the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to a no-treatment waitlist control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims (n = 74). Improvement in PTSD as assessed by blind independent assessors, depression, dissociation, and state anxiety was significantly greater in both the PE and EMDR group than the WAIT group (n = 20 completers per group). PE and EMDR did not differ significantly for change from baseline to either posttreatment or 6-month follow-up measurement for any quantitative scale. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Anger Canadians Cognitive Processing Therapy Empirical Study Exposure Exposure Therapy Guilt Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Relaxation Therapy Stress Inoculation Training Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
295. Rothbaum, B. O., & Astin, M. (2001, November). Prolonged exposure vs EMDR for PTSD rape victims. Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Expsoure PTSD Rape Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
296. Rothbaum, B. O., Astin, M., Gerardi, M., & Kelley, M. (2006, November). Prolonged exposure vs EMDR for PTSD rape victims: Trauma related cognitions. Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Internatinal Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Hollywood, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Cognitions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure PTSD Rape
Accuracy Verified: Yes
297. Rothbaum, B., & Astin, M. C. (2001, December). Prolonged exposure vs. EMDR for PTSD rape victims. Symposium conducted (B. O. Rothbaum, Chair and T. Keane, Discussant) at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Three randomized controlled trials treating PTSD in adult female rape victims will be presented: Patti Resick on long-term follow-up of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) vs Prolonged Exposure (PE); Edna Foa on PE alone or with Cognitive Restructuring (CR); and Barbara Rothbaum on PE vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) vs waitlist control.
Prolonged exposure vs. EMDR for PTSD rape victims: This controlled study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to a notreatment wait-list control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims. In this study, 75 Ss with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions to achieve 20 completers per treatment group. All assessments were conducted by an Independent Assessor blind to the treatment condition, and standard measures of PTSD and related symptoms were incorporated. The primary goals of this study were to compare the relative efficacy of EMDR and PE, and compare them to the WAIT control group in treating PTSD in rape victims; to gather information on the differential rate of response to treatment; to develop predictors for response to treatment; and to gather information on the long-term response to treatment for six and twelve months following treatment. The mean age of participants was 34.3 (SD = 11.9) and ranges from 18-63 years. Most participants were Caucasian (69%); 24% are African American, 3% are Latino, and 3% are Other. The majority were single (53%), while 28% were married or living with a partner, and19% were divorced or separated. Treated patients were significantly more improved on all of the PTSD symptom categories as well as by PTSD diagnostic status than the WAIT participants immediately post-treatment. Means and standard deviations of PTSD symptom measures and other symptom measures will be presented and compared for participants who received PE, EMDR, and WAIT at Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment and 6-month follow-up. Saturday, Dec. 8 Concurrent Sessions - Saturday, December 8
Keywords: Prolonged Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
298. Feeny, N., Moser, J., Astin, M., Stines, L., & Eftekhari, A. (2006, November). Prolonged exposure vs. EMDR for PTSD rape victims: Trauma related cognitions. In N. Feeny (Chair), Trauma-related cognitions among assault survivors with PTSD symptoms. Symposium conducted at the 22nd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Fall Conference, Hollywood, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Negative trauma related cognitions have been implicated in the onset and maintenance of PTSD, and often improve with treatment. This controlled study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to a no-treatment wait-list control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims. In this study, 75 Ss with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions to achieve 20 completers per treatment group. All assessments were conducted by an Independent Assessor blind to the treatment condition. Participants completed the posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI) and measures of PTSD symptomatology at pre- and post- treatment. We will investigate changes in cognitions across active treatment groups, and the extent to which cognitions at baseline predict treatment outcome.
Keywords: Cognitions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure PTSD Rape Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
299. Jarero, I., Roque-López, S., & Gomez, J. (2013). The provision of an EMDR-based multicomponent trauma treatment with child victims of severe interpersonal trauma. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 17-28. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.17.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study evaluated a multicomponent phase-based trauma treatment approach for 34 children who were victims of severe interpersonal trauma (e.g., rape, sexual abuse, physical and emotional violence, neglect, abandonment). the children attended a week-long residential psychological recovery camp, which provided resource building experiences, the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing integrative group treatment protocol (emdr-igtp), and one-on-one emdr intervention for the resolution of traumatic memories. the individual emdr sessions were provided for 26 children who still had some distress about their targeted memory following the emdr-igtp. results showed significant improvement for all the participants on the child's reaction to traumatic events scale (crtes) and the short ptsd rating interview (sprint), with treatment results maintained at follow-up. more research is needed to assess the emdr-igtp and the one-on-one emdr intervention effects as part of a multimodal approach with children who have suffered severe interpersonal trauma.
Keywords: Children Complex Trauma Integrative Group Treatment Protocol Interpersonal Trauma Multicomponent-Phased Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
300. Bruck, N. R. V. (2007, March). A psicologia das emergências: Um estudo sobre angústia pública e o dramático cotidiano do trauma [The psychology of emergencies: A survey of public angst and dramatic daily life of trauma]. Pontifica Universidade Catolica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Programa De Pos-Graduacao Em Psicologia Doutorado Em Psicologia, Porto Alegre.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
O assunto “trauma” vem adquirindo novos significados, considerando principalmente acontecimentos sociais recentes, sejam eventos adversos, catástrofes, desastres, sejam as situações-limite vividas pelas pessoas no cotidiano urbano. A psicologia das emergências estuda o comportamento das pessoas nos acidentes e desastres desde uma ação preventiva até o pós-trauma e, se for o caso, subsidia intervenções de compreensão, apoio e superação do trauma às vítimas e profissionais do SAMU. O assunto se estende às questões que vão desde a experiência pessoal do trauma até os eventos adversos provocados por calamidades, sejam estas naturais e/ou provocadas pelo homem. A psicologia das emergências é um tema de angústia pública, sentimento difuso de mal-estar que se origina dos acontecimentos públicos traumáticos, chamados estressores, tais como os acidentes de trânsito com vítima, assim como os provenientes das demais situações limites de toda a violência urbana. O trauma é uma experiência que explode a capacidade de suportar um revés, traz a perda de sentido, desorganização corporal e paralisação da consciência temporal, pode deixar marcas que influenciam a criatividade e a motivação para a vida. Os objetivos nos primeiros auxílios psicológicos são de aliviar as manifestações sintomáticas e o sofrimento, reduzindo os sentimentos de anormalidade e de enfermidade. Um dos objetivos é a familiarização com temas considerados complexos e muitas vezes distantes das discussões sobre trauma psicológico, sendo que o problema da pesquisa é a compreensão da psicologia das emergências e como colocá-la em prática. Os autores mais utilizados são Edgar Morin, Alfredo Moffatt, Serge Moscovici, Gilles Deleuze e Michel Foucault, dentre outros. São abordados os temas do não-reducionismo, da epistemologia de si mesmo e da relação da Teoria das Representações Sociais com o EMDR (dessensibilização e reprocessamento através de movimentos oculares). O método desta pesquisa, com suporte na observação participante refere às questões da complexidade, análise multirreferencial e de implicação. As técnicas mais utilizadas foram entrevistas, grupos focais-“histórias significativas” e análise documental. É indicado, como atitudes favoráveis pensar não a partir de algo, mas, sobretudo sobre algo e que para mudar o modo de agir torna-se necessário modificar a imagem que uma pessoa tenha de si próprio. Como conclusões da pesquisa, observou-se: que as pessoas acidentadas trazem outros acontecimentos considerados difíceis junto com o depoimento sobre o acidente, como situações de luto e de sofrimento com familiares; que o estresse pós-traumático não é uma conseqüência inevitável do trauma; que não há nenhuma orientação, ou rotina, nas missões de socorros e nos documentos oficiais do SAMU sobre o tema psicologia das emergências. Também são indicadas considerações finais sobre os temas da Síndrome de Burnout, sobre a influência da instituição no cotidiano dos atendimentos, sobre a relação da clínica com a psicologia social.

The subject of "trauma" has acquired new meanings, especially considering recent social events, are adverse events, catastrophes, disasters, are the extreme situations experienced by people in urban daily life. Psychology emergencies studies the behavior of people in accidents and disasters from preventive action to post-trauma and, if necessary, subsidize interventions understanding, support and overcoming the trauma victim and professional SAMU. The subject extends to issues ranging from the personal experience of trauma to adverse events caused by disasters, whether natural and / or manmade. The psychology of emergencies is a topic of anguish public diffuse feeling of uneasiness that stems from public events traumatic, called stressors, such as traffic accidents with victims, as well as from the other extreme edge of all violence urban. Trauma is an experience that explodes the ability to support a setback, brings loss of meaning, and paralysis of body clutter temporal awareness, can leave marks that influence creativity and motivation for life. The goals in psychological first aid are to relieve symptomatic manifestations and suffering, reducing feelings of abnormality and disease. One goal is to become familiar with issues as complex and often distant from the discussions on trauma psychological, and the research problem is understanding the psychology of emergencies and how to put it into practice. The authors are more used Edgar Morin, Alfredo Moffatt, Serge Moscovici, Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault, among others. Issues are addressed in the non-reductionism, the epistemology of self and even the relationship of the Theory of Representations to EMDR (Desensitization and reprocessing through eye movements). The method this research, supported in participant observation matters relating to complex, multi-referential analysis and implication. The most used techniques were interviews, focus groups, "meaningful stories and documentary analysis. It indicated as positive attitudes to think not from something, but mainly on something and to change the mode of action becomes necessary to modify the image a person has of himself. As the survey findings revealed the following: that rugged people bring other events to be difficult with with testimony about the accident, as situations of grief and suffering with family, whereas the post-traumatic stress is not an inevitable consequence of trauma, there is no guidance, or routine tasks in the relief and SAMU official documents on the subject of psychology emergencies. Also concluding remarks are given on the topics of the Burnout on the influence the institution in the routine of care, about the relationship of clinical with social psychology.
Keywords: Emergency Treatment Postrraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Social Psychology Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
301. Maslovaric, G., & Formenti, L. (2008, Novembre). Psicologia dell’Emergenza e EMDR: sinergia ed integrazione. Un’esperienza sul campo, il caso di Viggiù [Psychology of the emergency and EMDR: Synergy and integration. Experience in the field, the case of Viggiù]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Negli ultimi 30 anni abbiamo assistito ad un crescente interesse e sviluppo della Psicologia dell’Emergenza. Nel 1983 Mitchell e collaboratori hanno strutturato un programma sistematico e globale di gestione della crisi (Critical Incident Stress Management). L’EMDR integra, orienta e aumenta l’efficacia degli interventi psicologici nei contesti d’emergenza. All’interno di questo quadro teorico di riferimento è stato progettato e implementato l’intervento di supporto psico-sociale a seguito dell’incidente stradale del 20 gennaio 2008 avvenuto a Viggiù (VA). L’incidente Critico, avvenuto durante il rientro da una festa di paese sotto gli occhi di centinaia di persone, ha comportato 13 feriti con ospedalizzazioni e conseguenze mediche di differenti livelli di gravità e il decesso di una ragazza di 14 anni. I destinatari di tale intervento, commissionato e concordato con l’amministrazione comunale di Viggiù, sono stati: le vittime primarie dell’incidente, i loro familiari, gli operatori dell’emergenza e tutta la comunità coinvolta nel tragico evento. In base al livello di traumatizzazione delle vittime (Taylor et al.) e al timing dell’intervento sono state utilizzate diverse tecniche d’intervento quali: EMDR, primo soccorso psicologico, incontri psico-educazionali e Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. Le sessioni EMDR hanno rappresentato il cuore dell’intervento con le vittime primarie e i loro familiari. Il timing seguito per tali sessioni è stato il seguente: 1. due settimane dall’Incidente Critico: Valutazione testistica Psicodiagnostica (SCID I e IES-R) Posto al Sicuro, psicoeducazione; 2. un mese: 2-3 sessioni EMDR sul target più disturbante rispetto all’Incidente; Valutazione testistica; 3. 3 mesi: 2-3 sessioni EMDR sui trigger presenti e sul futuro; valutazione testistica.

Over the past 30 years we have witnessed a growing interest and development of Psychology emergency. In 1983, Mitchell and colleagues have a structured and systematic program Comprehensive Crisis Management (Critical Incident Stress Management). EMDR integrates, directs and increases the effectiveness of psychological interventions in emergency contexts. Within this theoretical framework has been designed and implemented the intervention of psychosocial support Social following the road January 20, 2008 occurred in Viggiù (VA). The incident Critically, during the return from a village festival in the sight of hundreds of people, resulted in 13 hospitalizations and injuries with medical consequences of different levels of severity and death of a girl of 14 years. The recipients of the action commissioned and agreed with the municipal administration of Viggiù, were: the primary victims of the accident, their family members, emergency workers and the whole community involved in the tragic event. Based the level of trauma victims (Taylor et al.) and the timing of the intervention were used different techniques intervention such as EMDR, psychological first aid, psycho-educational meetings and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. EMDR sessions have represented the heart surgery with the primary victims and their families. The timing for follow these sessions was as follows: 1. two weeks of the Accident Critical: Guest testistica Psicodiagnostica (SCID I and IES-R) safe place, psychoeducation; 2. month: 2-3 EMDR sessions on the target more disturbing than the accident; Guest testistica; 3. 3 months: 2-3 sessions EMDR triggers present and future; evaluation testistica.
Keywords: Emergency Intervention
Accuracy Verified: Yes
302. Melbeck, H. H. (2003, May). PSTD-Unit: Trauma therapy with in-patients – A ward concept. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Since there were only a very few specialised trauma therapists in the region in the beginning of the "PTSD-Unit", we had to treat all kinds of type-I and type-II trauma around, that is: victims of technical or natural disasters, of car accidents and accidents at work, especially the victims of bank robberies whose number has risen enormously in the area since the political change in 1989. Beside that we treated clients after they had learned the diagnosis of a life-threatening disease, for example a cancer - diagnosis, and people who were suffering from traumatic grief, because they were bereaved of their loved ones under particularly traumatic circumstances, for example after the explosion at Djerba last year.
Keywords: Poster Ward Concept
Accuracy Verified: Yes
303. Kozon, A. (2007, September). Psychoedukacia a EMDR v dynamickej psychoterapii v azylovom dome pre tyrane zeny [Psychoeducation and psychotherapy, EMDR in the dynamic in the asylum house for abused women]. Psychiatria-Bratislava, 14(4), 161-164.

Language: Slovak
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Program azylového domu pre týrané ženy sa zameriava nielen na zabezpečenie ochrany klientky, ktorá opustila prostredie domáceho násilia, ale poskytuje aj konkrétnu sociálnu starostlivosť a emocionálnu podporu. Súčasťou programu je individuálna psychoterapia. Aby sa predišlo omylom a chybám, dynamická psychoterapia má svoje špecifiká vzhľadom na prítomnosť symptomatiky posttraumatickej stresovej poruchy, ktorá v prípravnej psychoterapeutickej fáze je zameraná na stabilizáciu psychických procesov ich odstránením prepracovanými technikami psychickej desenzibilizácie formou EMDR a psychoedukáciou. V ďalšej psychoterapeutickej fáze sa pozornosť upriamuje na rozvoj jadra štruktúry osobnosti – identity metodikou krátkodobej psychoanalyticky orientovanej hlbinnej psychoterapie, aby sa v budúcnosti preventívne predchádzalo stretu obete s násilím.

Asylum Program of the house for abused women in focus in order to protect clients who left the environment of domestic violence, but also provides specific social care and emotional support. The program is individual psychotherapy. To avoid mistakes and errors, dynamic psychotherapy has its own specifics to the presence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, which in the preparatory phase of psychotherapy is to stabilize the mental processes of removing the sophisticated techniques of psychological desensitization through EMDR and psychoedukáciou. In the next phase of psychotherapy it focuses on developing the core structure of personality - the identity-oriented methodology for short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy prawn to prevent future conflict prevention with victims of violence.
Keywords: Abused Women Conscious and Unconscious Half-Way House Identity Positive Change in Perception Personality Development Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Sentences of Focus Strategy Psychotherapeutic Intervention Violence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
304. Tarquinio, C., Fayard, A., & Mousel, P. (2008, June). Psychological consequences of family violence act in a small group of women victims and EMDR therapy: Preliminary results. Presentation at the 9th annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objective: The present study would expose first results of a study about the consequences of family violence act in a small group of women victims treated by EMDR therapy. Subjects: All of the victims underwent EMDR therapy for seven 90-minute sessions. The subjects were included in the therapeutic project for 12 months and were followed for 6 month after the end of the therapy. Procedure: The victims (n=9) were referred by different associations of victims to consult with two of the authors who took charge of all of the treatments. We have constructed a control group (n=9) with the same characteristics (age, study level,...). After the first consultation a proposal was made to the subjects to be part of a research protocol. The subjects then had to answer questions from Horowitz’s Revised Impact Event Scale (Horowitz & al., 1979) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory –STAI- (Spielberger & al. 1983). In the framework of therapeutic protocol, the subjects had to do a SUDS evaluation. These different measures were administered to all of the subjects before beginning the therapy (T1), after the seven sessions of EMDR (T2), and six months later (T3). Main results: Because of the small size of the sample and a non-normal distribution, the data were processed with nonparametric tests. We show differences between victims and non victims in the beginning of therapy. The victims have higher scores in the IES-R and STAI than the control subjects. Difference continues for the all duration of the experimentation, but the assessments after seven sessions and after six months show fewer differences. It’s important to note that the differences between the pre-test, the postest and the evaluation after six months are shown to be equally very significant, indicating a very positive effect with EMDR on the reduction of intrusive symptoms and avoidance.
Keywords: Family Violence Act
Accuracy Verified: Yes
305. Ilic, Z. (2004). Psychological preparation of torture victims as witnesses toward the prevention of retraumatisation. In Ž. Špiric, G. Kneževic, V. Jovic, & G. Opacic (Eds.), Torture in war: Consequences and rehabilitation of victims – Yugoslav experience. (pp. 377-387) Belgrade, Serbia: International Aid Network.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This work presents psychological specificities of situations where torture victims are witnesses at the court trial of perpetrators at the same time. Witnesses are subject to the risk of secondary traumatisation, retraumatisation and revictimatisation, which may lead to the deterioration of existing PTSD symptoms. Starting from the very act of reaching the decision whether to testify, witnesses are in a state of ambivalence associated with a need for truth and justice, the need that perpetrators should be adequately punished and thus certain compensation be provided as well as with fear of the course that the trial itself may take, they being partially aware of the risk for retraumatisation and retraumatisation. The author sets forth the need for psychological-psychiatric preparation of the witness prior to the trial, as well as co-operation between judicial organs and psychiatric-psychological service. The paper features examples from the Centre for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims – IAN Belgrade.
Keywords: Torture War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
306. Randolph, E. (2000, January 4). Psychologist eases pain of quake victims: Controversial new therapy used to treat Turks. Colorado Springs, CO: The Gazette, Metro, 2.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Knipe organized an international team of 16 psychologists to counsel earthquake victims and teach 70 Turkish psychologists to use a relatively new therapy called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, or EMDR.
Keywords: Colorado Springs Earthquake Jim Knipe Turkey
Accuracy Verified: Yes
307. Goode, E. (2004, March 9). Psychology police challenge theories. Torrance, CA: Daily Breeze, A7.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
The challengers have also criticized a number of fashionable therapies, including "critical incident" psychological debriefing for trauma victims, eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing, or EMDR, and other techniques. "These guys are sort of the Ralph Naders of psychology," said David Barlow, director of the Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders at Boston University.
Keywords: General Overview Torrance, CA
Accuracy Verified: Yes
308. van Loey, N. E. E., & van Son, M. J. M. (2003). Psychopathology and psychological problems in patients with burn scars: Epidemiology and management. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 4(4), 245-272.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Burn injury is often a devastating event with long-term physical and psychosocial effects. Burn scars after deep dermal injury are cosmetically disfiguring and force the scarred person to deal with an alteration in body appearance. In addition, the traumatic nature of the burn accident and the painful treatment may induce psychopathological responses. Depression and PTSD, which are prevalent in 13-23% and 13-45% of cases, respectively, have been the most common areas of research in burn patients. Risk factors related to depression are pre-burn depression and female gender in combination with facial disfigurement. Risk factors related to PTSD are pre-burn depression, type and severity of baseline symptoms, anxiety related to pain, and visibility of burn injury. Neuropsychological problems are also described, mostly associated with electrical injuries. Social problems include difficulties in sexual life and social interactions. Quality of life initially seems to be lower in burn patients compared with the general population. Problems in the mental area are more troublesome than physical problems. Over a period of many years, quality of life was reported to be rather good. Mediating variables such as low social support, emotion and avoidant coping styles, and personality traits such as neuroticism and low extraversion, negatively affect adjustment after burn injury. Few studies of psychological treatments in burn patients are available. From general trauma literature, it is concluded that cognitive (behavioral) and pharmacological (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) interventions have a positive effect on depression. With respect to PTSD, exposure therapy and eye movement reprocessing and desensitization [EMDR] are successful. Psychological debriefing aiming to prevent chronic post-trauma reactions has not, thus far, shown a positive effect in burn patients. Treatment of problems in the social area includes cognitive-behavioral therapy, social skills training, and community interventions. Sexual health promotion and counseling may decrease problems in sexual life. In conclusion, psychopathology and psychological problems are identified in a significant minority of burn patients. Symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders (of which PTSD is one) should be the subject of screening in the post-burn phase and treated if indicated. A profile of the patient at risk, based on pre-injury factors such as pre-morbid psychiatric disorder and personality characteristics, peri-traumatic factors and post-burn factors, is presented. Finally, objective characteristics of disfigurement appear to play a minor role, although other factors, such as proneness to shame, body image problems, and lack of self-esteem, may be of significance. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Burns Comorbidity Epidemiology Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Predisposition PTSD Survivors Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
309. Sack, M., Nickel, L., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, F. (2003). Psychophysiologische regulation bei patienten mit PTSD: Veränderungen nach EMDR-behandlung [Psychophysiological regulation in patients with PTSD: Improvement after EMDR-treatment]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin (ZPPM), 1(3), 47-57.

Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Behandlung psychotraumatischer belastungsstörungen mit EMDR
Uns interessierte die Frage, ob die EMDR-Behandlung bei Patienten mit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTSD) neben einer Symptomreduktion auch mit einer verbesserten psychophysiologischen Regulationsfähigkeit einhergeht. 15 Patienten (9 w, 6 m) mit PTSD nach Einzeltraumatisierung wurden vor und nach einer EMDR- Behandlung sowie in einer 6-Monate Katamnese per Fragebogen (PDS, IES, STAI, SCL-90-R) sowie mit psychophysiologischen Parameter (HR, HRV) während Konfrontation mit der individuellen traumatischen Erinnerung (Traumaskript) untersucht. Im Vergleich Prä-/Post, sowie Prä-/Katamnese kam es zu einer signifikanten Abnahme der Beschwerden in allen Symptombereichen. Gleichzeitig konnte nach Behandlung und in der Katamnese eine signifikante Verminderung des Anstiegs der Herzfrequenz während Konfrontation mit dem Traumaskript beobachtet werden. Der HF-Anteil der Herzratenvariabilität als Indikator für den Parasympathikotonus nahm im Vergleich Prä-/Katamnese unter Ruhebedingungen sowie während Traumaskript signifikant zu. Die EMDR-Behandlung erwies sich als wirksam hinsichtlich einer Reduktion der traumaassoziierten Symptomatik und einer Reduktion des psychophysiologischen Arousals bei Konfrontation mit der belastenden Erinnerung. Die Zunahme der HRV im Behandlungsverlauf im Sinne eines höheren Parasympathikotonus lässt auf eine Verbesserung der psychophysiologischen Regulationsfähigkeit schließen.

Our question was whether PTSD-patients would show a decrease of trauma associated symptoms as well as improved psychophysiological regulatory capacities after EMDR-treatment. 15 patients (9 female, 6 male) with PTSD after single traumatizations underwent psychometric assessment including questionnaires (PDS, IES, STAI, SCL-90-R) and psychophysiological variables (HR, HRV) during presentation of their individual trauma script before and after treatment and in a 6-month follow-up. Pre-/post as well as pre-/follow-up comparison showed significant decreases in all symptom measures. At the same time HR acceleration during trauma script decreased significantly after treatment. HF-HRV, an indicator for parasympathetic tone, increased significantly during baseline as well as during trauma script in pre-/post comparison. EMDR treatment led to an effective and lasting symptom reduction as well as to a reduction of the psychophysiological arousal associated with the traumatic memory. Enhancement of HRV after treatment in terms of a higher parasympathetic tone might be the result of improved psychophysiological regulatory capacities after successful EMDR treatment. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Adults Effects Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
310. Foa, E. (2000). Psychosocial treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61(Supplement 5), 43-51.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reviews empirically validated psychosocial treatments for PTSD and considers factors associated with successful therapy outcome. Most of the treatments whose efficacy was studied empirically fall within the broad category of cognitive-behavioral therapy. These include exposure therapy, anxiety management programs, and cognitive therapy. These therapy modalities have been developed to modify conditioned fear and erroneous cognitions that are thought to underlie PTSD. Exposure therapy has the most empirical support because it was found to be effective across different populations of trauma victims with PTSD. Combinations of therapies have also been used, and the value of these is discussed. In addition, this article presents recent evidence about the efficacy of eye movement and desensitization reprocessing. A growing body of evidence supports the use of psychosocial treatments for PTSD, but not all patients benefit. Future research should develop programs that increase the motivation of patients to take advantage of these efficacious treatments. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
311. Silinger, P. (2005, February 28). Psychotherapy's new tool - "EMDR" takes aim at anxiety. The Easterner.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
"It's not really a verbal therapy," says Carrie Brown, a trauma victim who, after several EMDR sessions, overcame the negative self-perception that typically follows victims of sexual abuse.
Updated: Saturday, October 10, 2009
Keywords: Anxiety General Overview
Accuracy Verified: No
312. Xin Fang (2005, June). Psychotrauma and EMDR in modern China. How chinese traditions help victims cope with traumatic events --in cognitive and behavioral level. Plenary at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation will focus on following points:
1. Chinese view on psychotrauma
2. EMDR in Mainland China I: International Psychotrauma Continuous Training Program organized by HAP Germany and HAP Europe
3. EMDR in Mainland China II: Ongoing work on psychotrauma and EMDR nowadays in China
4. EMDR in Mainland China Ill: The future work and plan in China.
Keywords: China Plenary Psychotrauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
313. Plassmann, R. (2006, May). Psychotraumatologie der essstorungen [Psychotraumatology for eating disorders]. Psychotherapeutishches Zentrum Bad Mergentheim.

Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Essstörungen sind paradigmatisch für kritische Entwicklungsstillstände. Keine andere Krankheit als die Magersucht zeigt augenfälliger, wie die Entwicklung des Weiblichen zum Stillstand kommt. Wir haben beispielsweise kürzlich eine Patientin stationär aufgenommen, 20 Jahre alt, seit 8 Jahren magersüchtig, also seit ihrem 12. Lebensjahr. Sie war seither nicht nur seelisch, sondern auch körperlich nicht gewachsen. Die damalige Größe von 1,49 m war gleichsam eingefroren, ebenso ihr Gewicht, so dass sie als Zwanzigjährige bis auf einen manchmal fast greisenhaft wirkenden Gesichtsausdruck noch aussah, wie die damalige Zwölfjährige. Eine Pubertät, eine Periode hat sie nie erlebt.

Eating disorders are a paradigm for critical Entwicklungsstillstände. No other than the disease anorexia nervosa shows striking how the development the female stops. For example, we recently launched a Hospitalized patient, 20 years old, anorexic for 8 years, So since their 12th Year of life. She has since not only spiritually, but physically unable to cope. The previous size of 1.49 m was like frozen, as well as their weight, so that as up to twenty sometimes an almost senile-looking face still looked, like the then twelve year olds. A puberty, a period she has never experienced.
Keywords: Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
314. Travers, E. (2000, April 18). Putting a finger on the problem: Treatment for trauma survivors is being used against corporate stress, but skeptics abound. Montreal, Canada: The Gazette, News, A4.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Therapists using an ''eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing'' treatment - known as EMDR and developed in 1989 to treat trauma victims - are finding rapid improvements among stressed-out movers and shakers who have never seen a day of war, an earthquake or a bombing.
Keywords: General Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
315. Braude, T. (2001, May 29). Quick visual treatment may help heal trauma. Detroit, MI: Detroit Free Press, Metro Final, Science, Body & Mind, 3F.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
EMDR was developed by Francine Shapiro, PhD, while she was a graduate student at University of California at Berkeley in 1987. Initially applied to people who had suffered severe traumatic stress -- like rape victims and Vietnam War veterans -- it has become a successful methodology for working with people who have experienced a variety of stressful conditions.
Keywords: General Detroit Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
316. van der Kolk, B. A., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M. E., Hopper, J. W., Hopper, E. K., Korn, D. L., & Simpson, W. B. (2007, January). A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Treatment effects and long-term maintenance. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(1), 37-46.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: The relative short-term efficacy and long-term benefits of pharmacologic versus psychotherapeutic interventions have not been studied for PTSD. This study compared the efficacy of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, with a psychotherapeutic treatment, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and pill placebo and measured maintenance of treatment gains at 6-month follow-up. Method: 88 PTSD subjects diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria were randomly assigned to EMDR, fluoxetine, or pill placebo. They received 8 weeks of treatment and were assessed by blind raters posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, DSM-IV version, and the secondary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The study ran from July 2000 through July 2003. Results: The psychotherapy intervention was more successful than pharmacotherapy in achieving sustained reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms, but this benefit accrued primarily for adult-onset trauma survivors. At 6-month follow-up, 75.0% of adult-onset versus 33.3% of child-onset trauma subjects receiving EMDR achieved asymptomatic end-state functioning compared with none in the fluoxetine group. For most childhood-onset trauma patients, neither treatment produced complete symptom remission. Conclusions: This study supports the efficacy of brief EMDR treatment to produce substantial and sustained reduction of PTSD and depression in most victims of adult-onset trauma. It suggests a role for SSRIs as a reliable first-line intervention to achieve moderate symptom relief for adult victims of childhood-onset trauma. Future research should assess the impact of lengthier intervention, combination treatments, and treatment sequencing on the resolution of PTSD in adults with childhood-onset trauma. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Depressive Disorders Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Random Clinical Trial RCT Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
317. Mathis, J. (2001, May 6). Rape survivor recovering with local help. Lawrence, KS: Lawrence Journal-World, B1.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Creaden, who did not talk about her sessions with Allen, said that with trauma victims she often uses a type of therapy called EMDR, an acronym for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing.
Keywords: Lawrence Rape Survivor
Accuracy Verified: Yes
318. Vickerman, K. A., & Margolin, G. (2009, July). Rape treatment outcome research: Empirical findings and state of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(5), 431-448. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.004.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reviews empirical support for treatments targeting women sexually assaulted during adolescence or adulthood. 32 articles were located using data from 20 separate samples. Of the 20 samples, 12 targeted victims with chronic symptoms, 3 focused on the acute period post-assault, 2 included women with chronic and acute symptoms, and 3 were secondary prevention programs. The majority of studies focus on PTSD, depression, and/or anxiety as treatment targets. Cognitive Processing Therapy and Prolonged Exposure have garnered the most support with this population. Stress Inoculation Training and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing also show some efficacy. Of the 4 studies that compared active treatments, few differences were found. Overall, cognitive behavioral interventions lead to better PTSD outcomes than supportive counseling does. However, even in the strongest treatments more than one-third of women retain a PTSD diagnosis at post-treatment or drop out of treatment. Discussion highlights the paucity of research in this area, methodological limitations of examined studies, generalizability of findings, and important directions for future research at various stages of trauma recovery. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Cognitive Therapy Drug Therapy Epidemiology Exposure Therapy Females Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
319. Koppel, R. H. (2009, May). Rapid eye movement effects on traumatic memories: A test of the working memory hypothesis. The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR) is a psychotherapy that uses rapid eye movements to alleviate traumatic memories. This experiment examined two working memory hypotheses proposed to explain how performing rapid eye movements can affect the vividness, emotionality and completeness of traumatic memories. Participants (N=25) recalled three traumatic memories and rated them on vividness, emotionality and completeness before and after performing rapid eye movements. Participants also completed six working memory tasks to see if a correlation existed between working memory and the effect of rapid eye movements on memory rating variables. Findings illustrate that there was a significant decrease pre-test to post-test in vividness. Additionally, the factor underlying the reading span operation task and the Sternberg item order task significantly correlated with the effect of rapid eye movements for all memory ratings. The results of the current study support the central executive hypothesis explanation more than the visuospatial sketchpad storage hypothesis for EMDR. 3 Rapid Eye Movement Effects on Traumatic Memories: A Test of the Working Memory Hypothesis In 1987, Francis Shapiro discovered that performing horizontal eye saccades while holding a traumatic event in mind helped her alleviate the negative symptoms she experienced from that memory. She developed this intuition into a psychotherapy that is called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This therapy is now a widely-used technique to treat victims of trauma, people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and people suffering from phobias and other anxiety disorders (Muris & Meckleberger, 1999). Shapiro (2001) describes EMDR as an eight-phase treatment method that includes history taking, client preparation, assessment, desensitization, installation, body scan, closure and reevaluation. An important, and distinguishing, component of the EMDR procedure involves the patient performing rapid bilateral eye movements while thinking about their traumatic memory and communicating any negative cognition associated with that memory. The horizontal saccadic eye movements generally involve watching the therapist’s quickly moving finger for 15-20 seconds/set (Shapiro, 2001). Eye saccade sets continue until the patient begins to report that negative aspects of the memory are being alleviated, and that positive self-cognitions have replaced the negative self-cognitions associated with the memory (Shapiro, 2001).
Keywords: Hypotheses Rapid Eye Movements REM Traumatic Memories
Accuracy Verified: Yes
320. Engelhard, I. M., van den Hout, M. A., Dek, E. C. P., Giele, C. L., van der Wielen, J.-W., Reijnen, M. J., & van Roij, B. (2011, May ). Reducing vividness and emotional intensity of recurrent “flashforwards” by taxing working memory: An analogue study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(4), 599-603. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.009.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Several studies have found that making eye movements while retrieving visual images about past negative events reduces their vividness and emotional intensity. A working memory account states that eye movements tax working memory and interfere with visual imagery, thus degrading images. This study examined whether eye movements also affect recurrent, intrusive visual images about potential future catastrophes (“flashforwards”) in a sample of female undergraduates who had indicated on a screening-scale that they suffer from such intrusions. They were asked to recall two intrusive images with or without making eye movements. Before and after each condition, participants retrieved the image, and rated its vividness and emotionality. Results showed that vividness of intrusive images was lower after recall with eye movement, relative to recall only, and there was a similar trend for emotionality. Potential implications are discussed.
Keywords: Flashforwards Intrusive Images PTSD Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
321. Cole, J., & Webb, J. (2004, September). The reenactment protocol: Using the drive to reenact therapeutically. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
While it has been observed for a long time that victims of trauma tend to reenact the trauma, this process has been seen as problematic and avoided. This therapeutic process uses that energy and drive in a respectful and safe way to allow the client to recreate the traumatic incident and experience a strong internal locus of control while carrying through with a new outcome. While evidence seems to indicate that much chronic pain is really memories of pain in the motor cortex, this process works to reconnect or reprogram these memories with a more powerful and less painful memory.
Keywords: Reenactment Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
322. Silva, D. O. P. (2012, Novembro). Relato de caso de abuso sexual x EMDR [Report cases of sexual abuse and EMDR]. In temas diversos. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trata-se de uma adolescente de 17 anos, atendida no PAV-Programa de Atenção a Vítimas de Violência-SES/DF, que foi abusada sexualmente por um inquilino do lote onde morava com sua mãe, ocorrido durante um período não preciso da infância, por volta dos cinco anos de idade. Flashbacks ocorreram durante todo seu desenvolvimento, porém os sintomas se agravaram durante a adolescência, desenvolvendo transtorno alimentar, transtorno obssessivo-compulsivo, isolamento, despersonalização, depressão e ideação suicida. O tratamento com EMDR teve a duração de 3 meses, tendo como alvo as imagens dos momentos de abuso, a imagem da “substância verde e visguenta presa em sua garganta”, que representava o sexo oral que era induzida a praticar com o abusador, e que a levava a provocar o vômito de forma recorrente. Foram intensificados recursos positivos, visualizações antídotos e utilizados os protocolos clássico e de desenhos. Durante o tratamento alguns sintomas se intensificaram, necessitando de cuidadoso reforço e instalação de recursos positivos, porém as evidências de resolução adaptativa apareceram por meio do retorno à vida social, cessação dos episódios de indução de vômito, relatos de projetos de vida, melhora na auto-imagem, relatos de superação, e desenhos que demonstram a volta da alegria de viver, e a visualização dos eventos de forma diminuída, como algo que cessou e pertence ao passado. A paciente conta com uma sólida rede de apoio, a qual foi fundamental durante o processo.

This is a 17 years attended in PAV-Care Program for Victims of Violência-SES/DF who was sexually abused by a tenant of the lot where he lived with his mother, which occurred during a period not need infancy about five years of age. Flashbacks occurred throughout its development, but the symptoms worsened during adolescence, developing eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, isolation, depersonalization, depression and suicidal ideation. EMDR treatment lasted three months, targeting the images of abuse of moments, the image of "green substance and visguenta caught in her throat," which represented the oral sex he was induced to practice with the abuser, and which led her to induce vomiting recursively. Resources were enhanced positive views and antidotes used protocols and classic designs. During treatment some symptoms intensified, requiring careful reinforcement and installation of positive resources, but evidence of adaptive resolution appeared through the return to social life, cessation of episodes of induced vomiting, reports of life projects, improved self -image, overcoming reports, and drawings showing the back of the joy of living, and the visualization of the events so diminished, and ceased as something that belongs to the past. The patient has a strong support network, which was instrumental in the process.
Keywords: Children Sexual Abuse Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
323. Knaff, D. L., & Oring, S. (1994, Dec 20). Relieving stress with a wave of the hand. Cleveland, OH: The Plain Dealer, Final, All, Every Woman, 2E.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Acting on the maxim that extraordinary claims require extraordinary proofs, researchers are setting out to discover if the therapy known as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, or EMDR, offers help to rape victims, veterans and cancer survivors.
Keywords: Cleveland General Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
324. Cevikthe, I. (1999, October 29). Republic is our treasure. Turkish Daily News.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
The Turkish Psychologists Association has initiated psychological treatment for earthquake victims through the Trauma Treatment Center, established jointly with experts from the American Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Institute (EMDR). The Trauma Treatment Center was introduced on Wednesday by Dr. Emre Konuk, the director of the Turkish Psychologists Association's Istanbul Office, and representatives of EMDR Dr. Philip Manfield and Dr. James Knipe. Konuk said they had contacted EMDR three days after the earthquake for psychological treatment of the victims. Konuk, who noted that they had prepared a one-year program as the result of the cooperation, said they established a Trauma Treatment Center for carrying on work as an organization. The training of volunteer psychologists who will work at the center is being undertaken by EMDR, experts of problems related to trauma. Seventeen experts will come to Turkey twice at four-month intervals to provide training to 115 psychologists on active treatment techniques for trauma.
Keywords: Earthquakes Turkey
Accuracy Verified: Yes
325. Koichi, T., Matuso, K., Toshiyuki, O., Tadashi, K., Akira, I., & Nobumasa, K. [綱島浩一、松尾幸治、大溪俊幸、加藤忠史、岩波明、加藤進昌] (2003). Research on cerebral hemodynamics of frontal lobe in PTSD using NIRS. Annual Report of the Research on Nervous and Mental Disorders, 186.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
For 34 victims of Tokyo subway sarin attack, the frontal lobe function was investigated during eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR). And, cerebral hemodynamics in frontal lobe was examined using near infrared spectral analysis (NIRS) for 10 healthy subjects and 2 patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As the result, frontal lobe functional depression of frontal lobe was indicated in PTSD patients. It was indicated that the lowering of the cathexis was concerned in frontal lobe functional depression in PTSD patients. In patients with PTSD, according to the advance of EMDRt, the activation of the frontal lobe was decreased, and it was indicated that this pattern would be similar to that of healthy subject.
Keywords: Cerebral Hemodynamics of Frontal Lobe NIRS Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: No
326. Iracane-Blanco, M. (2010, June). Research to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of an EMDR treatment versus debriefing for victims of workplace accidents. In Research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of an EMDR treatment set-up (R-TEP protocol) within an early healthcare scheme for victims of workplace accidents, while taking into consideration such variables as institutional recognition and the availability of psychological debriefing services (inspired by Mitchell's model). The research procedure consists of first creating a program including referenced organisations (businesses, police force, hospitals...) from different French regions. Efforts will be made to raise resource people's (management, occupational health staff) awareness of PTSD prevention and of the role played by institutional recognition in the psychological recovery process. A regional network of EMDR therapists trained in debriefing (will be set up to work in partnership with the healthcare network for first line interventions following workplace accidents involving one or several workers. Participants will be recruited within these organisations. They the will all have been confronted with a single critical incident at work (accidental bodily harm of physical origin, physical aggression...) and meet DSM-IV Acute Stress Disorder criteria at the time of the therapy session. The research program will test, evaluate, and compare the effectiveness of a single therapeutic intervention taking place between Day 0 and Day 8 after exposure to a workplace accident BS do for 2 groups of 20 workers (men and women) who present the clinical signs of acute stress disorder. G1: control group - no access or refusal of care to be. G2: group with a debriefing session. G3: group with an EMDR session. In order to evaluate treatment effects on health and adaptive behavior in workers, participants will complete standardized self-evaluation scales (IESR PCLS Hamilton) before and after treatment. Another questionnaire will be completed by the therapists. Expected results: Significant decrease of symptoms and improvement of scores on measures after a single EMDR session. Greater effectiveness of EMDR compared to psychological debriefing. Eye Learning objectives: Participants will learn the advantages of promoting early interventions for victims of workplace accidents with the adapted EMDR protocol in order to prevent incapacitating PTSD and to facilitate an early return to autonomy for the worker. EMDR therapists will have a raised awareness of public health prevention initiatives, combining training and information within social and professional networks and occupational health services.
Keywords: Debriefing Research, Symposium Workplace Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
327. McGlynn, F. D. (1997). Response to Lipke's comment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11(6), 603-606. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(97)00043-1.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Lipke's criticisms of the experiment reported by Bates and colleagues are without merit. Data from the experiment show either that the procedure was sound or that the clinical measurement reported by eye-movement densitization (EMD) therapists is suspect. Lipke's statement that EMD enjoys increasing scientific support is likewise without merit. Scientific support for EMD seems to exist only when one disregards the methodological lessons taught by behavior-therapy research for the last three decades.
Keywords: Female Letter Phobias Reply Spider Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
328. Figley, C., Dietrich, A., Maxfield, L., & Gentry, J. E. (1999, November). Review of neoteric trauma treatments and suggested practice guidelines. In C. Figley (Chair) Discussion, Clinical Theory. International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Thought Field Therapy (TFT), Time-Limited Trauma Therapy (TLTT), Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR), and Visual/Kinesthetic Dissociation (V/KD) are relatively new approaches in the treatment of trauma-related disorders. These approaches have come under intense scientific and professional scrutiny and criticism, with proponents and critics offering diverse and intriguing arguments in support of their respective points of view. This discussion will focus on the current empirical and anecdotal evidence on the efficacy of these five approaches, as well as various criticisms that have been proferred in response to the empirical and clinical literature on treatment efficacy and theory. EMDR will be highlighted, given the growing empirical database on EMDR outcome studies and the contention surrounding the treatment and its’ theory. The evidence for and/or against the other four approaches will also be presented, upon which we will raise for discussion issues relating to methodological rigour, scientific reporting of clinical data, and the interpretation of efficacy studies in general. The discussion will occur within the context of philosophical discourse on the ideal of integration of science and practice, and the feasibility of attaining this ideal within the current scientific Zeitgeist. INTERVENTION RESEARCH, CLINICAL CASE STUDY Sandringham Skills-Based Treatment of Dissociation: A Case Study 238 Chair: ELHAI, Jon D., Nova Southeastern University Discussant: GOLD, Stephen A clinical case study of skills-based treatment of a 48-year-old, female survivor of child sexual abuse (CSA) reporting severe dissociative symptomatology is presented. Chief complaints were daily amnestic episodes, depersonalization, panic attacks, agoraphobia, and consequent long-term unemployment. In contrast to most approaches to therapy for dissociative syndromes, it is argued that treatment does not need to be primarily trauma-focused. Instead treatment focused on targeting dissociation and anxiety by teaching skills to be implemented by the client outside of session. Functional behavioral analysis of particular recent incidents of dissociation were conducted over several sessions. Imagery-based relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation were used and monitored to help the client learn additional methods of reducing distress. Grounding techniques were implemented to counter the dissociative tendency to lose experiential awareness of the here and now. Cognitive interventions were utilized to challenge the erroneous notions reported about dissociative experiences, such as the panic she experienced when her dissociation had been revealed to others. Last, in vivo systematic desensitization was used with a fear hierarchy, ranging from the least to most fearful stimuli that precipitate dissociation, where graduated exposure was followed by relaxation. At termination the client reported elimination of panic attacks, resumption of driving, and marked reduction in frequency and duration of amnestic periods, with substantial additional gains and progress in finding full-time employment reported at 8 month follow-up. Treatment outcome is assessed based on psychological test data obtained at intake, discharge, and 8 month follow-up, as well as client anecdotal report.
Keywords: Neoteric Trauma Treatments Practice Guidelines
Accuracy Verified: Yes
329. Tahir, K. (2010, July). Role of EMDR in the rehabilitation of acid burn survivors. Symposium (Samin Karim, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Acid Survivors Foundation came into being in year 2006, with an aim of providing; medical, psychosocial and legal aid to the acid burn victims in order to, to stop the proliferation of acid violence. This paper will examine the role of EMDR in the psychosocial rehabilitation of acid burn victim along with critical discussions to how EMDR was used to treat the traumatic memories of the survivors for building up their self esteem in order to reintegrate them in mainstream of the society. Three subjects were chosen, two females and one male in their early twenties. They had nightmares, depression and hyper vigilance. All the eight phases of EMDR were performed with them, with very good results.
Keywords: Acid Burn Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
330. Heber, R., Kellner, M., & Yehuda, R. (2002, December). Salivary cortisol levels and the cortisol response to dexamethasone before and after EMDR: A case report. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1521-1530. doi:10.1002/jclp.10102.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Trauma survivors with PTSD have been shown to have lower basal cortisol levels in the urine, plasma, and saliva than in trauma survivors without PTSD, nontraumatized mentally ill, or healthy subjects. We report on a case study in which we measured pre- and post-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment salivary cortisol levels and salivary cortisol response to 0.50 mg of dexamethasone in a 41-year-old female with chronic PTSD symptoms. Our goal was to determine whether symptom improvement following trauma-focused treatment (EMDR) is associated with changes in basal salivary cortisol or in the cortisol response to dexamethasone administration. Our findings show moderate symptom improvement, an increase in basal cortisol levels, and a more attenuated cortisol hypersuppression in response to the dexamethasone suppression test following EMDR treatment. These results suggest the potential utility of including neuroendocrine measures in the assessment of treatment outcome in PTSD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Battery Biologic Markers Brief Psychotherapy Case Report Clinical Case Study Cortisol Dexamethasone Suppression Test Empirical Study Females Legal Procedures Middle Aged Multiple Traumatic Events Neuroendocrine Neuroendocrine Testing Neuroendocrinology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
331. Pena, M. (2006). Sanar el dolor a traves del movimiento ocular [Healing the pain through eye movement]. Buenos Aires: Kier.

Language: Spanish
Format: Book
Abstract:
Ningún Método aplicado por la medicina tradicional ha podido terminar con esta clase de sufrimiento. Hoy, gracias a la novedosa técnica EMDR (Movimientos Oculares de Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento), nos encontramos ante un nuevo paradigma terapéutico: la posibilidad real de terminar con el dolor. Los recuerdos traumáticos se aíslan en el cerebro como resultado de los neuroquímicos producidos por el cuerto en el momento del trauma, que se almacenan sin asimilar durante años. El trabajo que se realiza a través del movimiento de los ojos desbloquea estos recuerdos reconectando las redes neuronales, antes aisladas del resto del cerebro, logrando así eliminar la sensación de dolor que el recuerdo genera en el paciente. Las técnicas EMDR y T.I.C. (Técnicas de Integración Cerebral) se han utilizado con enorme éxito en personas que sufrieron graves traumas: asaltos, abusos sexuales, así como en soldados con secuelas de guerra (Guerra de los Balcanes en Sarajevo, Bosnia), en víctimas de ataques con bombas (Oklahoma, EE.UU), en pacientes con ataques de pánico y fobias. Es tratamiento de soldados con estrés de combate, víctimas de inundaciones y huracanes y en los sobrevivientes al ataque a las Torres Gemelas en Nueva York, EE.UU., en 2001. La Lic. Marta Peña nos acerca en esta obra las bases y aplicaciones de las técnicas con ejemplos de exitosos casos clínicos reales.

No method used by traditional medicine has failed to finish with this kind of suffering. Today, thanks to the new technique EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), we face a new treatment paradigm: a real chance to end the pain. Isolated traumatic memories in the brain as a result of neurochemicals produced by the cuerto at the time of trauma, which are stored for years without assimilating. The work done through eye movement unlock these memories reconnecting the neural network, previously isolated from the rest of the brain, thus eliminating the sensation of pain that the memories generated by the patient. EMDR techniques and T.I.C. (Cerebral Integration Techniques) have been used with great success in people who suffered severe trauma: assaults, sexual abuse, as well as soldiers with sequelae of war (War in the Balkans in Sarajevo, Bosnia), victims of bombings ( Oklahoma, USA) in patients with panic attacks and phobias. It's treatment of soldiers with combat stress, flood and hurricane victims and survivors of the attack on the Twin Towers in New York, USA, in 2001. Ms. Marta Peña us about this document the basis and applications of the techniques with examples of successful real clinical cases.
Keywords: General Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
332. Rothbaum, B. O. (1996, June). Scientific investigations into EMDR (Part I) - A controlled study of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Adults Americans Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
333. Katz, A. (1995, October 19). See through the pain. New Haven, CT: New Haven Register, All,Health/Science, d1.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Eye movement therapy seems to soothe victims of trauma.
Keywords: General New Haven Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
334. Petermann, F., & Winkel, S. (2007). Selbstverletzendes verhalten - Diagnostik und psychotherapeutische ansätze [Self-injury - diagnosis and psychotherapeutic approaches]. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 55(2), 123-133. doi:10.1024/1661-4747.55.2.123.

Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Selbstverletzendes Verhalten wie Sich-Schneiden und Kratzen kommt sowohl bei männlichen als auch bei weiblichen Jugendlichen verhältnismäßig häufig vor. Es handelt sich dabei in den meisten Fällen um den Ausdruck schwerwiegender psychischer und/oder sozialer Belastungen und sollte als Hinweis darauf gewertet werden, dass der oder die Jugendliche Hilfe und Unterstützung benötigt. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich vor allem mit den aktuellen Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik und Therapie selbstverletzenden Verhaltens. Beispielhaft werden Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente vorgestellt, die verschiedene Aspekte selbstverletzenden Verhaltens detailliert erfassen. Sie können bei der Identifikation und Differenzialdiagnostik, aber auch zur Vorbereitung, Begleitung und Evaluation therapeutischer Maßnahmen eingesetzt werden. Als besonders vielversprechende Interventionsmöglichkeiten werden die DBT-A (Dialektisch-Behaviorale Therapie für Adoleszente) und das Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) vorgestellt, wobei für die DBT-A bereits erste positive empirische Befunde vorliegen. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Verfahren sollte zukünftig möglichst in kontrolliert-randomisierten Studien geprüft werden.

Self-injurious behavior without suicidal intent, like wrist-cutting or scratching, is quite common among male and female adolescents. It indicates severe psychological strain and can be interpreted as a call for help and support. This paper introduces several currently available assessment tools as well as therapeutic strategies. Self-report questionnaires can be implemented to identify self-injurious behavior and in order to discriminate it from other types of psychopathology, for example suicidal behavior. Furthermore, they can be used to prepare, adapt and evaluate therapeutic interventions. Promising therapeutic strategies - Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) - are introduced in more detail. Further research in this area involving controlled-randomized studies is needed.
Keywords: Assessment DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Self-Injurious Behavior
Accuracy Verified: Yes
335. Calof, D. (1995, June). The self of the therapist: An experiential clinic for clinicians working with abuse recovery issues. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Working with survivors of trauma and abuse can challenge or shatter therapists' basic beliefs about safety, goodness, and meaning, leaving one anxious, vulnerable, uncertain and prone to countertransference act-out. Through discussion and structured experiences that allow for individual pacing, participants in this experiential clinic will have an opportunity to identify, transform, and work through issues of the self of the therapist including countertransferences, parallel process, secondary traumatization, and the intense and sometime immobilizing existential crises that may result from this work. The leader will endeavor to create an enjoyable playful climate of mutual respect, trust, confidentiality and containment throughout the day. Educational objectives: A. Participants will engage in group and individual exercises designed to break with injunctions, scripts and internalizations left over from the family of origin that have prohibited personal authority and experimentation. B. Through lecture/discussion and exercises, participants will explore countertransference issues, secondary PTSD, and common therapeutic impasses and the existential crises they evoke in the self of the therapist. C. Participants will engage in group and individual exercises designed to assist in the resolution of on-going countertransference issues growing out of their current clinical practice. Bibliography: (1) Benedeck, E.P. (1984). The silent scream; Countertransference reactions to victims. American Journal Of Social Psychiatry, IV, 3:49-52. (2) Camstock, C.M. (1991). Countertransference and the suicidal MPD patient. Dissociation, Vol. IV, No. 1;25-35.
Keywords: Abuse Recovery Survivors Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
336. Leserman, J. (2005). Sexual abuse history: Prevalence, health effects, mediators, and psychological treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67(6), 906-915. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000188405.54425.20.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: Lifetime history of sexual abuse is estimated to range between 15% and 25% in the general female population. People who are sexually abused are at greater risk for a whole host of physical health disorders that may occur many years after the abusive incident(s). Despite the high prevalence of this trauma and its association with poor health status, abuse history often remains hidden within the context of medical care. The aims of this review are to determine which specific health disorders have been associated with sexual abuse in both women and men, to outline the types of sexual abuse associated with the worst health outcome, to discuss some possible explanations and mediators of the abuse/health relationship, to discuss when and how to talk about abuse within a clinical setting, and to present evidence for which psychological treatments have been shown to improve the mental health of patients with past sexual abuse. Method: To meet these objectives, we have reviewed a wide literature on the topic of sexual abuse. Results: We demonstrate that abuse appears to be related to greater likelihood of headache and gastrointestinal, gynecologic, and panic-related symptoms; that the poor health effects associated with abuse are also seen in men; that abuse involving penetration and multiple incidents appears to be the most harmful, and that exposure-type therapies with and without cognitive behavioral therapy hold promise for those with abuse history. Conclusion: We need more research examining psychological treatments that might be efficacious in treating the physical health problems associated with sexual abuse history.
Keywords: HMO Health Maintenance Organization HPA Hypothalamic-Pituitaryadrenocortical Review Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD Sexual Abuse Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
337. Edmond, T., Sloan, L., & McCarty, D. (2004, July). Sexual abuse survivors’ perceptions of the effectiveness of EMDR and eclectic therapy. Research on Social Work Practice, 14(4), 259-272. doi:10.1177/1049731504265830.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: This article examines survivor perspectives of the effectiveness of two different treatments for trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse -- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and eclectic therapy. Method: Qualitative interviews obtained in the context of a mixed-methods study were conducted with 38 adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Results: Two major differences in outcomes between the two treatment approaches were observed. There were considerable distinctions between the two treatment groups in terms of the importance and effect of the client-therapist relationship, and in terms of the depth of change reportedly caused by the different therapies. Conclusions: Survivors' narratives indicate that EMDR produces greater trauma resolution, while within eclectic therapy, survivors more highly value their relationship with their therapist, through whom they learn effective coping strategies. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Depressive Disorders Empirical Study Females Individual Psychotherapy Mixed Methods Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
338. Dodgson, P. W. (2007, June). Shame: The adaptive information processing model and introduction of the "protocol interweave" in EMDR with victims of torture, rape and organised violence. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Shame is often a key component of post-traumatic stress and one that can inhibit processing because the person concerned feels no compassion for the self that was shamed. Shame may lead to despising or hating that self so that allowing the self to grow, to recovered, feels almost impossible. Shame is experienced cognitively, emotionally, and somatically: in “brain, heart, and body.”
Shame may lead to blocked processing that does not respond to cognitive interweaves or other approaches such as changes in speed, modality and direction of bilateral stimulation, or “TICES’ strategies, changing aspects of images, cognitions or emotional and sensory interventions. Typically, Subjective Units of Distress scale scored stick at 4.
This paper will draw on clinical work with people who have experienced rape, torture and organized violence and explore ways of unlocking the inhibiting factors of shame, enabling the victim of personal violence to have compassion for themselves, and forgiveness. With compassion, a person can allow themself to recover, and processing the memories of the traumatic incident or incidents can move to adaptive resolution.
The paper will present case material using the adaptive information processing model as a helpful way of enabling clinets to normalize their mental, emotional and somatic reactions, to structure what often seems like a chaotic inner world and to address issues including shame.
This paper will propose a protocol for EMDR psychotherapy with people who have been victims of rape, torture, and organized violence and will introduce a “protocol interweave” for working with people for whom shame is a factor that impedes effective processing.
The “protocol interweave” focuses on the ‘self who has been shamed” and adapts the desensitization phase to enable the individual to process material associated with their thoughts, feelings, and sensations with regards to the self of whom they are ashamed and whom they may despise. The paper will also examine recent thinking about shame, compassion and forgiveness and reflect on similarities across psychotherapeutic modalities such as gestalt and cognitive behaviour therapy and the way in which EMDR is an integrative model that accommodates these.
The presentation will include PowerPoint and video clips of clinical consultations.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Organised Violence Protocol Interweave Rape Shame Torture
Accuracy Verified: Yes
339. DeYoung, R. R. (2009, July). A single-case design implementing eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with an ex-cult member. Presentation at the International Cultic Studies Association Conference, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This single-case study utilized a repeated-measures design with an ex-Jehovah’s Witness who was treated with EMDR over a two-month period. A brief background history and mental status, particularly relevant to a 37-year old female who was “disfellowshipped” by her entire support network and family after 28 years, served as a baseline for treatment. Symptoms relevant to the Post-Cult Trauma Syndrome, as defined by M. Thaler Singer (1979), are addressed via the Validity of Cognitions Scale (VOC) and the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) used by practitioners of EMDR. In addition, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES) were implemented to further validate intervention results. All measures revealed significant improvement in symptoms following this brief, short-term treatment. Despite the fact EMDR is touted as one of the most effective interventions for trauma-related disorders, there are virtually no empirically based studies that explore the application of this type of therapy with individuals traumatized by cults. It is concluded that EMDR might serve as a standard therapeutic intervention in the treatment of individuals exiting from cults. Ramifications for future research are discussed. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Cults Ex-Cult Members Single Case Design
Accuracy Verified: Yes
340. Richardson, P., Williams, S. R., Hepenstall, S., Gregory, L., McKie, S., & Corrigan, F. (2009). A single-case fMRI study: EMDR treatment of a patient with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 10-23. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.10.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study assessed the effects of a session of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with auditory alternating bilateral stimulation (ABS) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of brain activations. A case study was conducted with a female participant who was suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder following a severe assault. The fMRI scan began with safe-place imagery, for purposes of comparison, and then attention to the trauma memory without ABS. After this, ABS was provided as she began using EMDR procedures to process the traumatic memory. At postsession, the traumatic memory showed robust and significant changes on self-report measures. The initiation of the EMDR protocol with provision of ABS was associated with a marked change in brain activation within the prefrontal cortex demonstrating a ventromedial shift. The authors argue that the structure of the EMDR protocol encourages such a ventromedial activation, which is then intensified by ABS to overcome the block to information processing that has been preventing natural healing from occurring spontaneously.
Keywords: fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Single Case
Accuracy Verified: Yes
341. Fernandez, I. (2010, March). Small victims of big disasters: Post-traumatic stress reactions and EMDR efficacy. Keynote presented at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The presentation describes post-traumatic stress reactions in children victims of mass disasters and the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with them. Different kind of disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked) in the last years have involved specific populations of children in Italy and results from epidemiological studies and clinical interventions will be analyzed during the presentation. EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment with the population and was the elective treatment for the children of elementary schools which were the most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one month, three months and a year from the critical events. Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and sibling. Psychological support and EMDR treatment were provided to parents and school personnel and this aspect has been considered in the last interventions fundamental to enhance treatment results in children. Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess post-traumatic symptomatology before and after treatment will be shown, along with follow up data. Treatment group show a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Statistical analysis of results will be discussed. The author will highlight clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent trauma of great magnitude. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions coming from our field studies will be presented.
Keywords: Children Efficacy Keynote Mass Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
342. Matthess, H., & Yang, Y. (2010, July). Social and cultural adaptation. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We know from research that since neurobiology is the same for humans, then the reaction to stress is the same for all human beings in the world. That is why EMDR works so well with victims of natural disasters and of adverse childhood experiences, including sexual and physical violence and emotional neglect. Because of cognitive functioning, e.g., creating metaphors and images for self-soothing, establishing social contact and/ or personal interpretation, or assigning meaning to stressful experiences, we have to emphasize the importance of cultural influences. We want to invite people from different cultures to join this open meeting to present, share, and discuss their experiences and perhaps difficulties with cultural adaptation of trauma-therapy techniques, including EMDR. For example, we may need to examine where and how the wording of the EMDR-protocol needs to be adapted to recognize and accommodate cultural differences; perhaps we need to look at the language structure and its accessibility. Let us share our ideas and experiences so that we may get new insights on how to more effectively implement our trauma-therapy techniques and spread our knowledge about neurobiology to various cultural backgrounds.
Keywords: Social and Cultural Adaptation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
343. Parker, C., Doctor, R. M., & Selvam, R. (2008, September). Somatic therapy treatment effects with tsunami survivors. Traumatology, 14(3). 103-109. doi:10.1177/1534765608319080.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This is an uncontrolled field study of the outcome effects of a somatically based therapy with tsunami victims in southern India. One hundred and fifty (150) participants, prescreened for trauma symptoms, received 75 minutes of somatic therapy and training in affect modulation and self-regulation. The results indicate a reliable and significant treatment effect at immediate, 4-week, and 8-month follow-up assessments. At the 8-month follow-up, 90% of participants reported significant improvement or being completely free of symptoms of intrusion, arousal, and avoidance. The results support the effectiveness and reliability of this modified version of Somatic Experiencing Therapy in working with trauma reactions and invite future controlled trials of this therapy.
Keywords: IES Impact of Event Scale Posttraumatic Stress Post-Tsunami Symptoms PTSD Somatic Therapy Somatic Experiencing Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
344. Puk, G., & Silver, S. (1997, October). Some lessons learned in the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program intervention in the Balkans. Behavior Online. Retrieved http://www.behavior.net/forums/evolutionary/1998/27-user=&email=&depth=8&detail=description&lastread=5-8.htm 6/10/1998.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Mental health professionals have been trained in using EMDR with trauma victims throughout the world. However, the EMDR-Humanitarian Assistance Program (EMDR-HAP) was formed in 1995 as a nonprofit organization to provide assistance and training to local mental health professionals/psychotherapists within the United States and internationally who are managing the nearly overwhelming task of providing psychotherapy to the victims of large scale traumatic events. This includes natural disasters, e.g.: earthquakes, floods, firestorms, hurricanes; military personnel and civilians in war zones; victims of large scale accidents, e.g.: the family members of the victims of TWA flight #800; and victims of sexual assault and terrorist acts, e.g.: the Oklahoma City bombing. The EMDR-HAP personnel have been trainers and group facilitators from the EMDR Institute who have volunteered their time and expertise to provide treatment and to train local mental health professionals in EMDR.
Keywords: Balkans ERMDR-HAP EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program
Accuracy Verified: Yes
345. Kayal, H. (2013, June). Stabilisation techniques in preparation for trauma focused interventions with refugees. Presentation at the 13th annual conference for the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS), Bologna, Italy.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A phased model of treatment is recommended for the treatment of people who have experienced repeated and multiple traumas and who may still be facing ongoing stress and threat. Establishing a sense of safety and stability is the first stage of treatment before any exposure work can begin. This can be particularly challenging when treating refugees with complex PTSD presentations. This interactive workshop will explore treatment approaches to establishing a sense of safety and stability in preparation for trauma focused therapy. Case examples of torture survivors, victims of trafficking and domestic abuse will be presented to illustrate some of the difficulties in this stage of treatment and interventions. The workshop will promote an understanding of: •Complex PTSD presentations in refugees and asylum seekers •Stabilisation and symptom management in preparation for trauma focused interventions •Managing dissociative flashbacks, dissociative seizures and sensory/physical flashbacks •Cognitive techniques for managing shame, guilt and self blame which may be barriers to exposure work •How best to work with trauma memories and when to use NET, CBT or EMDR •Cultural considerations •Managing vicarious traumatisation and self care
Keywords: Refugees Stablilization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
346. van der Weele, J., & With, A. (2007, June). Stabilization groups with ethnic minority women after domestic violence: Presentation of a model based on structural theory of dissociation, EMDR, intercultural comunication and expressive artwork. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Alternative to violence has developed a group treatment model structured by the theory of structural dissociation and EMDR trauma treatment theory. Woman with ethnic minority background received short terms group treatment at a shelter for victims of domestic violence at an outpatient clinic and at a domestic violence family treatment center. The groups were supplements to individual therapy/counseling. We have had 10 groups; one with only Pakistani women, several mixed ethnic minority cultural groups with translation and groups in “simple Norwegian.” Recruitment was enhanced by the policy of sharing of symptoms and problems today with no obligation to share about personal past. The model has low drop out rate and therapist working with the individuals report more effective treatment sessions. For some women the group becomes the preferred choice of treatment. We discovered that early phase trauma work can be done in a group format with severely and recently traumatized women. Methods used are resource installation and safe place work, increase awareness of negative/positive cognitions, butterfly hug, nightmare protocol, expressive art therapy techniques as grounding, breathing techniques working with personal borders, working with imagination and playfulness. Structural therapy of dissociation concepts as ANP/EP structures and mental capacity, working from here and now, focusing on the ANP above EP's are woven into how the therapists regulate the group process and plan content. The theory organizes how we handle flashbacks, current acute crisis and how we focus on the womens’ personal trauma. We also teach about the effect of violence in relationships, the need to work on personal safety and the needs of children in the aftermath of violence. Theory from the field of intercultural communication gave us guidelines in working with women from high context, indirect and collectivistic cultures. A workbook for the clients on violence, PTSD symptoms and stabilisation treatment has been developed in the aftermath of these groups and is translated into several languages. We will present the material at the conference in the structure of the early fase trauma treatment group format. Showing in vivo how we apply the theory to severely traumatized women. We will share some of our favorite group exercises, metaphors and group rituals. Our goal is: 1. to show how the theory of structural dissociation serves as guideline for organizing and resulting treatment with severely traumatized clients in groups. 2. Give insight into typical adjustments that have been made to tailor treatment to ethnic minority populations. 3. Explain how expressive art work needs to make adjustments to the population of severely traumatized women. 4. Finally show how the group uses elements from EMDR and enhances individual EMDR work. In our experience, the stabilisation groups have integrated the heart, mind and body in the work of healing with a population that is often found difficult to treat effectively. We hare started to retain other therapists in using the model and are in the process of applying for a research grant.
Keywords: Artwork Domestic Violence Dissociation Ethnic Intercultural Communication Minority Stabilization Women
Accuracy Verified: Yes
347. Kitchur, M. (2005). The strategic developmental model for EMDR. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 8-56). New York: W W Norton & Co.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The strategic developmental model (SDM) for EMDR originated in Canada in 1996. It is a model that was born out of desperation in the face of the overwhelming treatment needs of severe- and multiple trauma victims, forensic clients, and short-term funded high-risk individuals. It is an efficient and comprehensive method for maximally delivering the benefits of EMDR to high-needs clients before their therapy might be prematurely interrupted by the realities of funding or of a multiproblem life. Such a method, I felt, would need to effectively facilitate rapid engagement and address or circumvent the fear, hostility, anxiety, and resistance that so often undermine or sabotage therapy with high-need and high-risk populations. Clinical experience also suggested the importance of having some systematic manner of assessing and treating the often multiple fundamental underlying causes of pathology and symptomatology in order to assist these high-risk and high-need clients to break the cycles and patterns that likely would repeat in their lives. I hypothesized that any process or strategies that might facilitate healing in these ways could also be anticipated to optimize therapeutic outcome for high-functioning clients and diverse client populations. [Text, p. 8] [Pilots]
Keywords: Patient History Hypnotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
348. Magliozzi, T., & Magliozzi, R. (2005, July 8). Stress therapy may help car crash victims. Seattle, WA: Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Final, Wheels, F1.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Dear Tom and Ray: Your recent column about the person experiencing trauma after her Toyota was rear-ended by some guy going 70 mph invited me to add my thoughts: I am a psychologist in Minnesota and have treated a number of car crash victims just like your reader. They are indeed suffering from a form of post-traumatic stress disorder, and can easily be helped by a therapeutic procedure called EMDR - eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Don't ask me to explain how it works, but believe me, it does. I have treated car crash victims, carjacking victims, rape victims and holdup victims with the same method of EMDR. They were symptom-free - and stayed that way - after just one session of the procedure. Pretty amazing. It wasn't me; it was the procedure that did the work, along with the client's own brain - which helped reprocess the trauma memory. So, tell this woman to go to the EMDR Web site, www.emdria.org, and click on the link for Find an EMDR Therapist. She should get relief from her symptoms quite rapidly - and they'll stay away. I wish her the best. - Ken
Keywords: Letter Motor Vehicle Accidents Seattle
Accuracy Verified: Yes
349. Peterson, R. (2008, December). A study of the traumatic events of rape and its treatment through the use of EMDR (Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing). Prescott College, AZ. AAT 1464072.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Effects of the rape experience infiltrate every aspect of a victim's physical and mental well-being. As a result, many victims experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder so when a rape victim seeks treatment, she needs a counseling modality that effectively treats PTSD symptoms. This case study explores the role of Eye-Movement Desensitization Reprocessing as one effective treatment for PTSD symptoms. Findings from the case study demonstrate how EMDR is efficacious in reducing PTSD symptoms. Continuing research suggests EMDR is a useful counseling modality for rape victims.[Author abstract]
Keywords: Rape
Accuracy Verified: Yes
350. Devilly, G. J. (2001, January). The successful treatment of PTSD through overt cognitive behavioral therapy in non-responders to EMDR. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29(1), 57-70. doi:10.1017/S1352465801001072.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This research investigated the efficacy of an operantly cognitive-behavioural trauma treatment protocol (TTP) in two cases that had previously been treated unsuccessfully with EMDR. In line with previous research, both participants improved following TTP, to the extent where one of the participants was asymptomatic at post-treatment and 3 month follow-up. These cases also demonstrate the ability of a cognitive-behavioural intervention to successfully treat childhood sexual abuse victims later in life. (Cambridge Journals)
Keywords: Battery Case Report CBT Child Clinical Case Study College Students Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Death of Child Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Homicide Incest Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
351. Pelling, N., Brear, P., & Lau, M. (2006, June). A survey of advertised Australian counsellors. International Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 204-215, DOI: 10.1080/00207590544000202. .

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
As counselling is a developing profession without statutory regulation in Australia, anyone can engage in counselling practice and use “counsellor” as a professional title. Not much is known about those who call themselves counsellors in Australia. This survey research in a field setting aimed to describe Australian Yellow Pages Advertised Counsellors, thus providing a snapshot of advertised counsellors in Australia. This research was thus designed to describe those who are engaging in advertised counselling practice in Australia. Data was collected using a multiple mailing survey method and resulted in a 62.2% return rate. The counsellors' (1) demographic characteristics, (2) counselling training and development, (3) provision of counselling services, and (4) professional involvement were assessed. Advertised Australian counsellors tend to be female, mature, Caucasian, married or partnered, heterosexual, have families, and hold Christian beliefs. The majority of counsellors live in urban areas. The field could arguably benefit from increasing the diversity of its members. Nevertheless, advertised Australian counsellors are qualified professionals who tend to hold university qualifications and are likely to have received their training in counselling from a university provider. They are experienced service providers and engage in ongoing supervision as a supervisee. Moreover, these counsellors are involved in a variety of professional organizations. Advertised Australian counsellors, however, often struggle with issues related to burnout. They demonstrate their belief in the power of counselling by engaging in personal counselling. Advertised Australian counsellors actively engage in professional development, read professional journals, and report wanting further training regarding cognitive behaviour therapy, family therapy, EMDR, hypnosis, and trauma‐related difficulties. The majority of counsellors indicate making $40,000 or less per year. Survey results clearly indicate that the professionalisation of counselling is underway. Tandis que le counseling est une profession en développement sans régulation statutaire en Australie, n'importe qui peut s'engager dans la pratique du counseling et utiliser le titre professionnel de “conseiller.” Très peu est connu sur ceux qui se prétendent conseillers en Australie. Cette enquête visait à décrire les conseillers annonçant dans les pages jaunes en Australie, permettant d'avoir une image de ces derniers. Elle cherchait donc à décrire ceux qui étaient engagés dans la pratique du counseling publicisé en Australie. Les données furent collectées par le biais d'une méthode d'enquête par multiples envois postaux résultant à un taux de réponse de 62,2%. Les facteurs évalués chez les conseillers incluent: (a) les caractéristiques démographiques, (b) la formation et le développement en counseling, (c) les services desservis et (d) l'implication professionnelle. Les conseillers australiens publicisés tendent à montrer les caractéristiques suivantes: femmes, matures, caucasiens, mariés ou en couple, hétérosexuels, ayant une famille et ayant des croyances chrétiennes. La majorité des conseillers vivent dans les zones urbaines. Le domaine peut sans conteste bénéficier d'une plus grande diversité de ses membres. Néanmoins, les conseillers australiens publicisés sont des professionnels qualifiés qui tendent à posséder des qualifications universitaires et qui sont susceptibles d'avoir reçu leur formation en counseling d'une université. Les conseillers australiens publicisés sont des professionnels d'expérience et sont engagés dans de la supervision en tant que supervisés. De plus, ces conseillers sont impliqués dans une variété d'organizations professionnelles. Cependant, ils font souvent face à des problèmes reliés au burn‐out. Ils montrent leur croyance dans le pouvoir du counseling en recevant eux‐mêmes des services de counseling. Les conseillers australiens publicisés s'engagent activement dans le développement professionnel, ils lisent des revues professionnelles et ils rapportent vouloir davantage de formation sur la thérapie cognitivo‐comportementale, la thérapie familiale, la désensibilisation et le retraitement du mouvement de l'oeil, l'hypnose et les difficultés reliées aux traumatismes. La majorité d'entre eux indique faire 40,000$ ou moins par année. Les résultats de cette enquête indiquent clairement que la professionnalisation du counseling est sur la bonne voie. Debido a que en Australia el consejo es una profesión en desarrollo sin reglamentación estatutaria, cualquier persona pued.
Keywords: Counseling Counselor Characteristics Counselors Counselor Education Empirical Study Professional Development Professional Organizations Quantitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
352. Puliatti, M., & Giannantonio, M. (2008, April). T08-O-15 Childhood sexual abuse and vulvodynia: Hypnotic psychotherapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) – An integrated approach. Revue Europeènne de Sexologie et de Santè Sexuelle, 17(Supplement 1), S109-S110. doi:10.1016/S1158-1360(08)72816-0 .

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objectives: Dysesthetic vulvodynia plays an important role in the sexology of the most common female genital system disorders; its psychosomatic origin is by now widely acknowledged. Its main symptoms are: acute pain at each penetration attempt (dyspareunia), pain under local pressure on the vaginal vestibule, erythemas of different intensities. In recent years the role of childhood sexual abuse as one of the possible predisposing (vulnerability) factors of vulvodynia development has found positive confirmations in the literature. Author's aims are to verify this correlation and check efficacy of specific psychotherapeutical approaches. Method: The choice of psychodiagnostic reactive tests, such as the Sexuality Questionnaire (symptomatology screening), the recent Female Sexual Disorders Analytical Questionnaire (screening and sexual abuse) and the Chronic Pain Risk Factors Questionnaire, assessing stressful and traumatic events such as sexual abuse, to identify vulvodynia is of particular importance. The therapeutic approach presented here is integrated: gynecological, physical-rehabilitational, psycho-educational and psycho-sexological. Results and conclusions; The psychological therapies recommended for the treatment of this disorder and the associated abuse (substantiated by international literature and years of clinical practice) are EMDR and hypnotic psychotherapy, integrated with sexological techniques, starting from the assumption that any eventual effective therapy of vulvodynia cannot but include appropriate (psychosomatic and not merely verbal) processing of the childhood sexual abuse.
Keywords: Dyspareunia Dysesthetic Vulvodynia Sexual Pain Sexological Techniques
Accuracy Verified: Yes
353. Segal, Z. V. (1994). Taking a closer look at EMDR. the Behavior Therapist, 17(7), 153.

Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
In what may be the first study of its kind, researchers are trying to determine whether therapy that incorporates an unusual trauma treatment helps victims of domestic violence.
Keywords: Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
354. Cavaliere, F. (1995). Team works to quell stress in Bosnia. Monitor on Psychology, 26(8), 8.

Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Describes the experiences and work of psychologists in Bosnia who work with victims of the Balkans war. The use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and associated controversies are discussed.
Keywords: Bosnia Victimization War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
355. Araujo Souza, A. M. N. (2012, Novembro). Técnica grupal integrativa - MGI: Prevenção de TEPT–transtornos de estresse pós-traumático em grupos de crianças Vvítimas de catástrofe [Technical integrative group - MGI: Preventing PTSD disorders-posttraumatic stress in children groups Vvítimas disaster]. In EMDR em traumas. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivo: Analisar o uso do Protocolo Grupal Integrativo (MGI) com o EMDR (Método de Dessensibilização e Reprocessamento pelo Movimento dos Olhos), na prevenção do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT), em crianças vítimas de catástrofe. Método: Aplicação do Protocolo Grupal Integrativo (MGI- EMDR) em 16 crianças no município de Anchieta-SC, vítimas de tornado. Trata-se de um protocolo de EMDR utilizado em grupos, frente às situações traumáticas e permite que as vítimas entrem em contato com o evento, expressem lembranças traumáticas e sentimentos através de desenhos. Após cada desenho, o grupo foi estimulado a dessensibilizar e reprocessar os sentimentos e imagens perturbadoras através de movimentos bilateralizados do cérebro, sendo esses movimentos oculares, táteis ou sonoros. A técnica de estimulação utilizada foi o “Abraço Borboleta”, técnica desenvolvida por Artigas (2000) que consiste em cruzar as mãos e tocar a região entre a clavícula e o ombro com os dedos (estimulação tátil). A Escala de Unidade Subjetiva de Perturbação (SUDS) foi utilizada para medir o nível de perturbação ao lembrar da catástrofe. Como passo final, foi feita uma checagem corporal para verificar se havia alguma tensão física residual e a instalação de uma crença positiva de futuro. Resultados: houve redução da Escala Subjetiva de Perturbação (SUDS) na maioria das crianças e a qualidade dos sentimentos das mesmas ao entrarem em contato com a situação do tornado – “medo, desespero, tristeza, angústia” – como consequência dos fatos passados, se transformaram ao ser reprocessados em um reconhecimento de que o perigo passou. Os sentimentos se transformaram em “feliz, alívio, muito feliz, alegre“. Conclusão: O uso do MGI com EMDR em situações de catástrofes facilita a expressão da lembrança traumática armazenada no cérebro de forma disfuncional.

Objective: To analyze the use of Group Integrative Protocol (MGI) to EMDR (Desensitization and Reprocessing Method for Eye Movement), the prevention of disorder Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children victims of disaster. Method: Application Protocol Integrative Group (MGI-EMDR) in 16 children in the municipality of Anchieta-SC, tornado victims. It is a protocol used EMDR in groups, face the trauma and allows victims to contact the event, express traumatic memories and feelings through drawings. After each drawing, the group was encouraged to desensitize and reprocess disturbing images and feelings through movements bilateralizados the brain, and these eye movements, tactile or audible. The stimulation technique used was the "butterfly hug" technique developed by Artigas (2000) which is to cross your hands and touch the area between the collarbone and the shoulder with fingers (tactile stimulation). The Scale of Subjective Unit of Disturbance (SUDS) was used to measure the level of disturbance to remember the disaster. As a final step, we performed a body check to see if there was any residual physical tension and installation of a positive belief in the future. Results: decreased Subjective Disturbance Scale (SUDS) in most children and quality of the same feelings to get in touch with the situation of the tornado - "fear, despair, sadness, distress" - as a result of past events, became to be reprocessed in a recognition that the danger has passed. The feelings became "happy, relieved, happy, happy." Conclusion: The use of EMDR with MGI in disaster situations facilitates the expression of traumatic memories stored in the brain so dysfunctional.
Keywords: Children MGI - Integrative Group Protocol with EMDR Reprocessing Catastrophe
Accuracy Verified: Yes
356. Staff. (13 de Junho de 2010). Terapia EMDR ajuda a curar vítimas de traumas [Adjunct EMDR therapy heal trauma victims]. Tribuna do Norte, Natal, Brazil. Retrieved from http://tribunadonorte.com.br/noticia/terapia-emdr-ajuda-a-curar-vitimas-de-traumas/151108 on 1/29/2013.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Assaltos, sequestros, tiroteios entre policiais e bandidos. A rotina de violência das cidades leva um número cada vez maior de pessoas a buscar ajuda de psiquiatras e psicólogos. Os especialistas, por sua vez, discutem o tema e adaptam técnicas para ajudar os pacientes. E uma terapia que está sendo bastante utilizada é a EMDR (sigla em inglês para dessensibilização e reprocessamento através de movimentos oculares).

Robberies, kidnappings, shootouts between police and bandits. Routine violence takes a number of cities ever more people to seek help from psychiatrists and psychologists. The specialists, in turn, discuss the theme and adapt techniques to help patients. It is a therapy that is being widely used is the EMDR (English acronym for desensitization and reprocessing through eye movements).
Keywords: General Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
357. Tullis, K. F., Westscott, C. L., & Winton, T. R. (2003). A theory on the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) plus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to reduce suicidal thoughts in childhood trauma victims. In K. F. Tullis's (Ed.), The Courage to Live Workbook. Memphis: KFT Press.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Many victims of childhood trauma struggle with recurrent suicidal thoughts and behaviors even after traditional therapies. We used a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) plus Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in five patients with histories of childhood trauma and recurrent suicidal thoughts to reduce or eliminate suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and attempts after 3 months to 5 years follow up. These findings suggest that CBT plus EMDR might be a combination therapy to reduce or eliminate suicidal thoughts in victims of childhood trauma.
K. Tullis, C. Westcott, T. Winton, A Theory on the Use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Plus Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) To Reduce Suicidal Thoughts in Childhood Trauma Victims, appendix in, The Courage to Live Workbook, Memphis: KFT Press, 2003.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
358. Tarquinio, C., Fayard, A., & Tarquinio, P. (2007, Juin). Thérapie EMDR chez des vicimes d'accident d'automobile: Une suivi de 6 mois [A 6 month follow-up if victims of automobile accidents undergoing EMDR therapy]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.

Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objectif: présenter les résultats d'une étude réalisée dans le cadre du traitement des victimes de la route. Nous avons fait la distinction entre les sujets qui ont présenté un (complet n = 16) ou une forme partielle (n = 8) du syndrome de stress post-traumatique (définie par la présence de grappes A et B et l'un des groupes C ou D ).
Sujets: Toutes les victimes (âge moyen: 34,3, s = 4,19; 17 hommes et 7 femmes) ont subi une thérapie EMDR pour quatre séances de 90 minutes. Les sujets ont été inclus dans le projet thérapeutique de 18 mois et ont été suivis pendant 6 mois après la fin de la thérapie.
Procédure: Les sujets ont été envoyées par différentes associations de victimes de consulter l'un des auteurs qui ont pris en charge tous les traitements, après la première consultation, une proposition a été faite au sujet de faire partie d'un protocole de recherche. Après des explications ont été données au diagnostic (complet vs partielle SSPT) a été faite par les deux autres co-auteurs qui ont également participé à l'évaluation des différentes phases.
Les sujets devaient ensuite répondre aux questions de l'échelle d'impact de l'événement d'Horowitz (Horowitz et al, 1979) et la State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI (Spielberger et al 1983). Dans le cadre du protocole thérapeutique, les sujets devaient faire une évaluation SUDS (Wolpe, 1990) qui mesure l'état de détresse concevable par le patient, évalué sur un formulaire échelle de 0 (aucun) à 10 (le pire). Ces différentes mesures ont été administrés à tous les sujets avant de commencer le traitement (T1), après quatre séances de l'EMDR (T2), et six mois plus tard (T3).
Principaux résultats: En raison de la petite taille de l'échantillon et une distribution non normale, les données ont été traitées avec des tests non paramétriques (Mann et Whitney pour les groupes indépendants et de Wilcoxon pour les mesures appariées). [Tableau 1 de l'étude des données du Programme de la conférence originale abstraite ne figurent pas ici.]
Les différences entre le prétest, post-test et l'évaluation après six mois sont montrés également très importante, indiquant un effet très positif avec l'EMDR sur la réduction des symptômes intrusifs et d'évitement. Les effets positifs du traitement sur l'anxiété de la victime peuvent également être des notes, ainsi que sur la réduction de la mousse.

Objective: To present the results of a study carried out in the framework of treating road victims. We have made the distinction between the subjects who presented a complete (n=16) or a partial form (n=8) of post-traumatic stress disorder (defined by the presence of clusters A and B and one of the clusters C or D).
Subjects: All the victims (mean age: 34.3, s=4.19; 17 men and 7 women) underwent EMDR therapy for four 90 minute sessions. The subjects were included in the therapeutic project for 18 months and were followed for 6 months after the end of the therapy.
Procedure: The subjects were sent by different associations of victims to consult with one of the authors who took charge of all of the treatments, After the first consultation, a proposal was made to the subject to be part of a research protocol. After explanations were given the diagnosis (complete vs. partial PTSD) was made by the other two co-authors who also participated in evaluations of the different phases.
The subjects then had to answer questions from Horowitz’s Impact Event Scale (Horowitz et al, 1979) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI (Spielberger et al 1983). In the framework of therapeutic protocol, the subjects had to do a SUDS evaluation (Wolpe, 1990) which measures the state of distress conceivable by the patient, evaluated on a scale form 0 (none) to 10 (the worst). These different measures were administered to all of the subjects before beginning the therapy (T1), after four sessions of EMDR (T2), and six months later (T3).
Main results: Because of the small size of the sample and a non-normal distribution, the data was processed with non-parametric tests (Mann and Whitney for the independent groups and Wilcoxon for the paired measures). [Table 1 of study's data from the original Conference Program abstract not included here.]
The differences between the pretest, the posttest and the evaluation after six months are shown to be equally very significant, indicating a very positive effect with EMDR on the reduction of intrusive symptoms and avoidance. The positive effects of the treatment on the victim’s anxiety can also be notes, as well as on the reduction of the SUDS.
Keywords: Automobile Accident Motor Vehicle Accident
Accuracy Verified: Yes
359. Cano, D. (1992, November 26). Therapists to help hurricane victims. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles Times.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Two Orange County therapists will spend the holidays in South Florida to help survivors of Hurricane Andrew. which decimated the area last summer. Judy Albert, a Huntington Beach marriage, family and child counselor, is leaving today to help hurricane survivors deal with anxiety, depression and other disorders.
Keywords: General Los Angeles Overview Ruth Knowles Grainger
Accuracy Verified: Yes
360. Brandon, M., & Goldstein, A. T. (2007). Therapy update for women: The treatment of low libido in women using an integrated biopsychosocial approach. In A. F. Owens & M. S. Tepper (Eds.), Sexual health V. 4: State-of-the-art treatments and research (pp. 107-130). Westport, CT, US: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.

Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
For men and women alike, libido represents a primary aspect of sexual health. In fact, low libido is the most frequently reported sexual concern among women. Women of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, and education levels report concerns about low desire. Regardless of whether a woman is actually diagnosed with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), if she seeks help for the subjective experience of a decreased libido, practitioners must embrace a theoretical framework for her care. In this chapter, we explore a holistic, integrative, biopsychosocial model for such treatment. We will outline first why we believe the traditional treatment model involving a sole practitioner providing the majority of patient care does not optimally serve patients with low libido. Second, we will review some of the benefits for both patients and clinicians of practicing within a biopsychosocial treatment paradigm. Third, we will describe our particular framework for treating low libido in women. This integrated biopsychosocial treatment model addresses four quadrants of a woman's experience; namely, her physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual health, as they relate to her libido. Finally, we find eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to be a helpful therapeutic tool in these circumstances. EMDR utilizes repetitive eye movements to assist patients in exploring and processing difficult emotional material. It can be utilized for women with low libido in a variety of ways, including the exploration and redefinition of negative thinking patterns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Biopsychosocial Approach Cognitive Techniques Female Sexual Dysfunction Holistic Health Inhibited Sexual Desire Low Libido Models Sex Drive Treatment Matching
Accuracy Verified: Yes
361. Peterson, B. (1996). Three co-researchers' experiences during their first session of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989a, 1989b, 1995) is a relatively new procedure used primarily for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study is the first to systematically investigate the moment-to moment experiences of PTSD victims during their first treatment session. Using variations of Interpersonal Process Recall (Elliot, 1994), and Colaizzi's (1978) phenomenological research methodology, findings confirmed many of Shapiro's (1995) descriptions of experience, with nothing of a disconfirming nature being discovered. Three distinct patterns of co-researcher experience were identified, with one co-researcher reaching full in-session resolution of her baseline measures. Further, three broad categories of experience were discovered (Participant Experiences and Spectator Experiences [Cochran, 1990]; and Treatment Specific Effects); each of which was further found to consist of four dimensions, or components, of experience. Movement from the Participant to Spectator realm was consonant with co-researchers' working through, contextualizing and making meaning of trauma-related memories.
Keywords: Case Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
362. Spiric, Z, Knezevic, G, Jovic, V., & Opacic, G. (Eds.) (2004). Tortura u ratu, posledice i rehabilitacija. Jugoslovensko iskustvo [Torture in war: Consequences and rehabilitation of victims – Yugoslav experience]. Beograd: Centar za rehabilitaciju žrtava torture [Belgrade: International Aid Network].

Language: Serbian
Format: Book
Abstract:
"Ideja o ovoj monografiji začela se nakon dve godine rada Centra za rehabilitaciju žrtava torture (CRŽT) u okviru Međunarodne mreže pomoći - IAN Beograd (International Aid Network - IAN Belgrade). Ona je bila izraz potrebe profesionalaca u IAN-u da svoja iskustva u radu sa žrtvama torture i traume podele sa širom, stručnom, profesionalnom i naučnom javnošću...

"The idea of this monograph was conceived after two years of the Centre for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (CRŽT) within International Aid Network - IAN Belgrade (International Aid Network - IAN Belgrade). She was the need of professionals in IAN-in to their experience in work with victims of torture and trauma of separation from all over, technical, professional and scientific public ...
Keywords: Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
363. Dodgson, P., Zaghrout-Hodali, M., Ferdoos, A., Wright, J., & Moore, P. (2008, September). Transforming fear: EMDR with victims of torture and organized violence. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: to EMDR HAP in the Middle East and presentation of clinical work and a pilot study in a situation of ongoing conflict, including early intervention; a presentation of clinical work with victims of torture and organized violence and treatment protocols relating to safety, shame, and working with interpreters; outline of a preliminary study in the use of an EMDR group protocol with adults; clinical case discussion and interactive questions and answers. Participants are invited to bring case outlines and material and to take part in use of the group protocol.
Keywords: Fear Organized Crime Torture Vicitms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
364. Drexler, K. (2005). Transgenerational weitergegebene traumata und EMDR - Liebe kolleginnen, liebe kollegen, haben sie den film "Die Flucht" gesehen? [Kolleginnen forwarded transgenerational traumas and EMDR - Dear colleagues, dear, they have seen the movie "The Flight"?]. Institut fur Traumatherapie.

Language: German
Format: Other
Abstract:
Begleitschreiben diskutiert die Rezension des Films "Die Flucht" ["The Flight"] Über Trauma des Holocausts transgenerationalen Überlebenden und Opfern von EMDR behandelt.

Cover letter discusses the review of the film "The Flight" about transgenerational trauma of Holocausts survivors and victims treated by EMDR.
Keywords: Holocaust Survivors Nazis Survivors Trans-generational Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
365. Mosquera, D. (2012, June). Trastorno narcisista de la personalidad y EMDR [Narcissitic personality disorder and EMDR]. Presentación en el IX Congreso Nacional de Trastornos de la Personalidad. Asociación Española para el Estudio de los Trastornos de la Personalidad. Zaragoza, Spain.

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
La descripción de la DSM-IV del trastorno de personalidad narcisista se centra en las cualidades "externas" del narcisismo (grandiosidad, explotación de otros, arrogancia, problemas interpersonales y rabia) mientras que omite las características "internas" menos obvias y más sutiles (tendencia a ser sensitivos a la vergüenza, introvertidos, vulnerables, inhibidos y tendentes a la ansiedad: Gabbard, 1989). Las características narcisistas de grandiosidad son a menudo asociadas a la personalidad del abusador, pero ambas formas de narcisismo pueden ser relevantes tanto en víctimas como en familiares "no abusadores". Una característica central del narcisismo es la falta de empatía. Los rasgos narcisistas y antisociales pueden ser el resultado final de un entorno negligente, de abuso crónico o de una valoración excesiva. Los problemas de apego con los cuidadores principales pueden dar lugar a falta de empatía y egocentrismo. En esta presentación se realizará una descripción de diferentes perfiles caracterizados por egocentrismo, actitud egoísta y falta de empatía. Se planteará la patología narcisista desde la perspectiva del trauma y el abordaje con EMDR.

The description of the DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder focuses on the qualities of "outside" of narcissism (grandiosity, exploitation of others, arrogance, anger and interpersonal problems) while omitting features "internal" less obvious and more subtle (tendency to be sensitive to shame, introverted, vulnerable, inhibited and prone to anxiety: Gabbard, 1989). Grandiose narcissistic characteristics are often associated with the personality of the abuser, but both forms of narcissism may be relevant to both victims and family members "not abusive". A central feature of narcissism is a lack of empathy. Narcissistic and antisocial traits may be the end result of a negligent environment of chronic abuse or excessive valuation. The problems of attachment with primary caregivers may result in lack of empathy and self-centeredness. This presentation will be a description of different profiles characterized by selfishness, selfish and lack of empathy. We will examine the narcissistic pathology from the perspective of trauma and EMDR approach.
Keywords: Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
366. Robredo, J. (2011, Julio). Tratamiento con EMDR en menores victimas de abuso [EMDR treatment with children victims of abuse]. En Aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el IX Congreso Nacional de Psicología Clínica, San Sebastián, España .

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Las estadísticas acerca del maltrato físico de los niños son alarmantes. Se estima que cientos de miles de niños han recibido abuso y maltrato a manos de sus padres o parientes. Los que sobreviven el abuso, viven marcados por el trauma emocional, que perdura mucho después de que las consecuencias físicas hayan desaparecido. A menudo el daño emocional severo a los niños maltratados no se refleja hasta la adolescencia, o aún más tarde, cuando muchos de estos niños maltratados se convierten en padres abusivos y comienzan a maltratar a sus propios hijos. El reconocer y dar tratamiento inmediato es importante para minimizar los efectos a largo plazo causados por el abuso o maltrato físico. En este sentido, en los últimos años venimos trabajando con menores que han sido víctimas de abuso, negligencia, violencia familiar o abandono. El abordaje terapéutico desde el EMDR se muestra como un paradigma muy eficaz a la hora de trabajar con niños y menores. El trabajo con la red de recuerdos y el reprocesamiento de recuerdos traumáticos ayuda a su recuperación. A través de los dibujos que los niños han ido haciendo en las sesiones se observa como el reprocesamiento en el niño es diferente al del adulto. Además la etapa del desarrollo del niño interfiere tanto en el modo de procesar información traumática como en la construcción de los recuerdos y su posterior reprocesamiento. Por lo que los protocolos de EMDR en el niño son diferentes a los del adulto para que sean igualmente eficaces. En esta comunicación se presenta el protocolo de trabajo para tratar a los menores víctimas de abuso, desarrollado desde la perspectiva de EMDR, exhibiendo cómo funciona el protocolo a través de la presentación de los datos que se han ido recogiendo durante la aplicación del programa de intervención.

The statistics on physical child abuse are alarming. It is estimated that hundreds of thousands of children are physically abused by their parents or relatives. Those who survive abuse, living marked by the emotional trauma remains long after the physical consequences are gone. Often the emotional damage severely abused children is not reflected until adolescence or even later, when many of these abused children become abusive parents and begin to abuse their own children. Early recognition and treatment is important for minimize long-term effects caused by abuse or physical abuse. In this regard, in recent years we have been working with children who have been victims of abuse, neglect, family violence or neglect. The therapeutic approach from the EMDR appears as a very effective paradigm for working with children and minors. Working with the memory network and reprocessing of traumatic memories aid their recovery. Through drawings children have been doing in the sessions were observed as the reprocessing in children is different from the adult. also stage of child development interfere much in the way of processing information traumatic as the construction of memories and subsequent reprocessing. by what EMDR protocols in children are different from the adult to be equally effective. In this paper we present the working protocol for dealing with juveniles victims of abuse, developed from the perspective of EMDR, showing how protocol through the presentation of the data have been collected during the implementation of the intervention program.
Keywords: Abuse Children Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
367. González-Brignardello, M. P., & Vázquez, A. M. M (2004). Tratamiento de un caso de trastorno por estrés postraumático con EMDR dentro de un marco cognitivo-conductual [Intervention in a case of post-traumatic stress disorder with EMDR within a cognitive behavioral setting]. Cliníca y Salud, 15(3), 337-354.

Language: Spanish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
En este trabajo se describe el tratamiento de la mujer víctima de 03.11 ataques terroristas que habían desarrollado un trastorno de estrés postraumático y depresión mayor. Técnicas de EMDR, la exposición en vivo, higiene del sueño y la planificación de tareas, se utilizaron entre otras técnicas terapéuticas. Hasta ahora, los objetivos terapéuticos han logrado los siguientes: disminución de volver a experimentar e hiper-activación, la restauración del estado de ánimo, afecta a la expresión de recuperación y una mejor concentración y memoria. Dado que el paciente tuvo que hacer frente a un factor estresante vida pre-existente relacionada con el trabajo, el tratamiento fue suspendido temporalmente y se reanudará a este problema ha sido resuelto. Las diferentes etapas del tratamiento también se describen. (Registro de bases de datos PsycINFO (c) 2008 APA, todos los derechos reservados) Listen Read phonetically Dictionary - View detailed dictionary

This paper describes the treatment of female victim of 3/11 terrorist attacks who had developed a PTSD and a major depression. EMDR techniques, in vivo exposure, sleep hygiene and task planning, were used among other therapeutic techniques. So far, the following therapeutic goals have been achieved: decreasing re-experiencing and hyper-activation, mood restoration, affect expression recovering and improved concentration and memory. Since the patient had to tackle a pre-existing job-related life stressor, treatment was temporarily suspended and it will be resumed as this issue has been worked out. The different stages of treatment are also described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Intervention Major Depression Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Techniques PTSD Terrorism Victimization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
368. Robredo, J. (2011, Julio). Tratamiento intensivo para madres victimas de violencia de genero. La reconstruccion del apego [Intensive treatment for mothers victims of gender violence. The reconstruction of attachment]. Presentación en la IX Congreso Nacional de Psicología Clínica, San Sebastian, Spain.

Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
El Instituto de Psicotrauma de Alicante en colaboración con los Servicios Sociales de diversos Ayuntamientos de la Comunidad Valenciana aplican desde 2009 un protocolo de intervención para madres víctimas de violencia de género, basado en las técnicas de desensibilización y reprocesamiento a través del movimiento de los ojos, EMDR© (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), teorías del apego ( John Bowlby) y teoría de la disociación estructural de la personalidad (Ono Van der Hart) Los resultados observados en una muestra de 15 madres y sus hijos de 4 a 16 años indican una desaparición de los cuadros clínicos de estrés postraumático y depresión, la remisión de los problemas de conducta concomitantes (desobediencia, agresividad) y una mejora del vínculo afectivo con la madre. El protocolo de intervención consta de 5 fases: evaluación, psicoeducación, tratamiento, prevención de recaídas y seguimiento La evaluación consta de sendas entrevistas clínicas y la administración de la Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta en Niños (CMAS‐R), la Escala de Gravedad de Síntomas del Estrés Postraumático, el Test del Dibujo de la Familia (niñ@s menores de 6 años) y el cuestionario para la evaluación de adoptantes (CUIDA). El tratamiento consiste en la instalación de recursos con la madre y reprocesamiento con EMDR a lo largo de 20 sesiones trabajando con los recuerdos traumáticos de la madre y el menor asociados a la violencia vivida en la familia. El reprocesamiento del niño se hace junto a la madre. El formato de tratamiento es intensivo con 5 sesiones de terapia semanal durante 4 semanas. El 100% de los menores y las mujeres atendidas experimentaron la remisión de sus síntomas de ansiedad y en el 80% de los casos desaparecieron sus problemas de conducta en el entorno familiar y escolar. Además se observó que el tipo de apego había cambiado al final de tratamiento.

The Institute of Alicante Psychotrauma in collaboration with Social Services various municipalities of Valencia since 2009 implemented a protocol intervention for mothers victims of domestic violence, based on techniques desensitization and reprocessing through eye movement, EMDR © (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), attachment theory (Bowlby) and theory structural dissociation of the personality (Van der Hart Ono). The results of a sample of 15 mothers and their children aged 4 to 16 years indicate a disappearance of clinical PTSD and depression, remission of comorbid conduct problems (disobedience, aggression) and a improvement bond with the mother. The intervention protocol consists of 5 phases: assessment, psychoeducation, treatment, relapse prevention and monitoring The assessment consists of separate clinical interviews and administration of the Scale in Children's Manifest Anxiety (CMAS-R), the Symptom Severity Scale Stress Posttraumatic Drawing Test Family (children 's children under 6 years) and questionnaire for the assessment of adopters (CARE). Treatment involves the installation of resources with the mother and EMDR reprocessing over 20 sessions working with the memories traumatic mother and child associated with violence experienced domestically. The reprocessing of the child is with the mother. The format is intensive treatment with 5 sessions of weekly therapy for 4 weeks. 100% of children and women treated experienced remission of their anxiety symptoms and 80% of cases behavioral problems disappeared in the family and school. We observed that the attachment classification was changed to end of treatment.
Keywords: Attachment Gender Violence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
369. Giusti, E., & Montanari, C. (2000). Trattamenti psicologici in emergenza con EMDR per profughi, rifugiati e vittime di traumi [Psychological treatments in emergency EMDR for refugees, refugees and victims of trauma]. Roma: Sovera Multimedia.

Language: Italian
Format: Book
Abstract:
Quando la violenza incontrollabile della natura o degli uomini si abbatte sulle persone, ci si trova sconcertati, costernati e spesso impreparati ad affrontare l'insieme dei disturbi post-traumatici originati da questi disastri. - La gestione dell'emergenza psicologica delle vittime - Le metodologie e tecniche per trattamenti immediati di sostegno specifico sono descritti per orientare i formatori del volontariato istituzionale e i professionisti del settore ad intervenire con maggiore efficacia ed efficienza.

When the uncontrollable violence of nature or human inflicted on people, you are shocked, dismayed and often unprepared to deal with all post-traumatic stress disorder stemming from these disasters. - The management of the emergency psychological victims - The methodologies and techniques for immediate treatment of specific support are described to guide the trainers in the voluntary institutions and professionals to intervene more effectively and efficiently.
Keywords: Emergency Treatment Refugees
Accuracy Verified: Yes
370. Mastronardi, C. (2007). Trauma da abuso e EMDR: Presentazione di una ricerca in corso [Abuse trauma and EMDR: A presentation of current research]. Universita Degli Studi di Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
La tesi “Trauma da abuso e EMDR: presentazione di una ricerca in corso” mira ad esplorare il trauma in un’ottica sia psicologica che neurobiologica. Recenti ricerche dimostrano che i sopravvissuti affetti da Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress (PTSD) non solo manifestano dei sintomi post traumatici – come intrusività, evitamento ed arousal – ma hanno anche livelli più bassi di cortisolo rispetto ai sopravvissuti senza Disturbo Posttraumatico da Stress. In questa tesi viene riportato uno studio su un caso singolo nel quale sono stati misurati i livelli di cortisolo urinario pre e post-trattamento EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) in una ragazzina di quindici anni affetta da Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress. L’obiettivo è determinare se il trattamento produce un decremento dei sintomi, misurati attraverso una valutazione testistica, e se a questo decremento è associato un aumento dei livelli di cortisolo urinario. I risultati indicano una diminuzione dei sintomi che ha comportato una remissione del PTSD. Questo miglioramento è confermato anche da un aumento dei livelli di cortisolo urinario. Questi risultati confermano l’efficacia dell’EMDR (trattamento evidence-based) per la cura del Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress e suggeriscono l’utilità di includere misurazioni neuroendocrine nella valutazione dei risultati.

The thesis “Trauma da abuso e EMDR: presentazione di una ricerca in corso” aims at exploring the trauma from a psychological and neurobiological point of view. According to the latest studies, trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been shown to have not only posttraumatic symptoms - as Avoidance, Intrusion and Arousal - but also lower basal cortisol levels than in trauma survivors without PTSD. In this thesis a single case study, in which pre and post–Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment urinary cortisol levels have been measured in a 15-year old female with PTSD, has been reported. The aim of this study is the assessment of the EMDR treatment effectiveness in symptom reduction measured with psychological instruments; besides, the assessment of the changes in the urinary cortisol levels following the symptom reduction. Results show a symptom reduction with a PTSD remission associated with higher urinary cortisol levels. These results confirm the EMDR treatment effectiveness with PTSD and the utility of including neuroendocrine measures in the assessment of treatment outcome in PTSD.
Keywords: Abuse Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
371. Tapanya, S. (2008, June). Trauma therapy for bullying victims in Thai schools. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The knowledge on the treatment of psychological trauma in Thailand is still in its rudimentary stage despite the fact that the country has been known for its highly trained medical personnel who are capable of providing sophisticated medical treatment such as plastic surgery, high quality dental care, and sex-change operation. And although the problem of violence has been well recognized, especially relating to child abuse and domestic violence, a more subtle form of violence such as bullying in school has been largely ignored. The author aims to present the summary from his survey of bullying incidence from over 3,000 students in all regions of Thailand. The problem appears to be wide-spread and resulted in fear and anxiety about going to school. During the past few years a number of bullying survivors have come forward to receive treatment for their traumatic memories that continue to trouble them. The presentation will outline treatment strategies for this client population and cite several case studies which may show how EMDR can be applied in a way that is unique to Thai culture.
Keywords: Bullying Poster Thailand Trauma Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
372. Staff. (2004, August 5). Trauma victims to benefit from new treatment. Northern Ireland News.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Trauma victims in Northern Ireland could soon benefit from a unique and highly effective new method of treatment, thanks to the University of Ulster. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new psychological process that helps patients recall traumatic memories or events with little or no distress.
Keywords: General Ireland Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
373. Midboe, A., Benight, C., Harding, A., Iwaishi, S., & Johnson, L. (2002, November). A trauma-based treatment intervention for domestic violence victims. Poster presented at the 18th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Twenty-four participants from a local domestic violence center were selfselected into an individual therapy-plus-standard advocacy group (P/SA) or a standard advocacy (SA) group. The center’s advocacy staffed administered treatment for the SA group and the P/SA group. In addition to the SA treatment received by individuals in the P/SA group, there were also six licensed therapists who provided a manualized treatment incorporating CBT and EMDR. Symptoms of PTSD, depression, CSE, self-esteem, and coping skills were assessed.Additionally, saliva sample measurements were taken to examine the effect of treatment on the regulation of salivary cortisol. Results indicate that participants in the P/SA treatment condition experienced a significantly greater reduction in intrusive symptomatology and overall level of PTSD symptom severity, as well as a greater increase in CSE over time than those individuals in the SA condition. Moreover, changes in CSE were related to changes in psychological symptoms in individuals in the P/SA group from pretreatment to posttreatment and at follow-up.Almost no linear relationship between changes in CSE and other psychological variables in the SA group emerged.A minimal impact of treatment on coping skills was observed. There was a move towards a greater regulation of salivary cortisol at posttreatment in the P/SA group.
Keywords: Domestic Violence Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
374. Ransom, F. V. (1995, September 14). Traumatic relief: Area therapist helps Oklahoma City victims with new treatment. Dayton, OH: Dayton Daily News, 1C.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
After the Oklahoma City bomb blast killed 167 people, the call went out for help - and Centerville therapist Thomas Verdon headed west, spending a week helping victims cope with post-traumatic stress. He used Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, or EMDR, a method involving rapid movements of the eye that are believed to unlock and relieve disturbing thoughts.
Keywords: Dayton Oklahoma City
Accuracy Verified: Yes
375. Qirjako, E. (2007, Feburar). Traumatisierte kinder und jugendliche. Einfluss posttraumatischer belastungsstörung auf psychische auffälligkeiten bei kindern und jugendlichen [Traumatized children and youth. Influence of post-traumatic stress disorder to mental disorders in children and adolescent trauma]. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

Language: German
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Die Geschichtsbücher über die Kriege zeichnen ein furchtbares Bild des Grauens. Erlebte Realität ist nicht gedruckte Seiten, das wir lesen, sondern die Angst, Schmerz und Leiden, die uns für den Rest unseres Lebens begleiten werden. Tragische Ereignisse wie der Krieg im ehemaligen Jugoslawien haben bei der betroffenen Bevölkerung tiefe seelische Wunden hinterlassen. All das hat das Zusammenleben der verschieden ethnokulturellen Gruppen stark erschüttert und ist meistens nicht mehr möglich. Die Kriegs- und Traumaopfer leiden häufig noch Jahren unter den schlimmen Folgen der Extrembelastungen. Typische „posttraumatische“, psychische Folgen sind das ständige schmerzliche Wiedererleben der durchlittenen Situationen, Alpträume, erhöhte Schreckhaftigkeit, Reizbarkeit sowie Auswirkungen im sozialen Bereich. Diese Symptome werden seit 1980 unter dem Begriff Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTB) in den offiziellen Klassifikationsmanualen psychischer Störungen zusammengefasst (DSM-IV-R, 1994).

The history books about the wars paint a terrible picture of horror. Experienced reality is not printed pages, we read, but the fear, pain and suffering that will accompany us for the rest of our lives. Tragic events like the war in former Yugoslavia have left deep emotional scars, the affected population. All this shook the coexistence of different ethno-cultural groups is not strong and more usually possible. The war and trauma victims often suffer for years under the terrible consequences of extreme stress. Typical "post-traumatic", the constant psychological consequences are painful reliving of the artist went through situations, nightmares, increased nervousness, irritability and social impact. These symptoms are grouped together since 1980 under the term Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTB) in the official classification manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-R, 1994).
Keywords: Adolescents Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
376. Huso, D. R. (2010, March/April). Treating child abuse trauma with EMDR. Social Work Today, 10(2), 20. Retrieved from http://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/032210p20.shtml 8/3/2010 .

Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
EMDR has been successful in treating trauma from childhood abuse in victims and survivors young and old. With more than 3 million instances of child abuse reported annually in the United States and probably many more cases going unreported, social workers face an often daunting client list of children and adults who are or have been victims of abuse and neglect. Left untreated, these individuals’ chances of leading lives fraught with substance abuse, incarceration, unwanted pregnancies, and future psychological conditions are multiplied by many degrees. In the last two decades, however, researchers have made major strides in developing methods for treating victims and survivors of child abuse, including therapies that work as well (and in some cases better) with children as with adults. Among the most successful of these treatments is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a therapeutic process that uses eye movements, sounds, and repetitive motions to help clients process and come to terms with traumatic memories more quickly than talk therapy alone. And since many children and some adults are unable to verbalize traumatic experiences, EMDR can often provide the breakthrough that more traditional therapies can’t.
Keywords: Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
377. Forgash, C. A. (2006, September). Treating complex trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will present an integrated approach to the treatment of clients diagnosed with complex trauma. Ego state work, somato-sensory work and EMDR are utilized to help such clients deal with dissociation, internal fragmentation, and disconnections, integrating these strategies in the preparation phase of the EMDR protocol results in a safety focused therapeutic approach. Complex trauma victims enter therapy seeking help for PTSD, depression and anxiety. This workshop will help clinicians implement strategies that help traumatized clients to experience first relief, then stability, and trauma processing. Learning objectives include the importance of including information in the history taking about fragmentation and dissociation: defining and selecting the appropriate ego state and somatosensory and affect management strategies to help such clients succcssfully process trauma with the EMDR protocol. This workshop will present case illustrations and slides. Handouts and an extensive bibliography will be provided.
Keywords: C-PTSD Complex Posttraumtic Stress Disorder Complex PSTD Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
378. Bexson, T. (2003, April 28). Treating the child abusers. London, England: London Evening Standard, 26-27.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Child sex abuse is probably the most taboo subject in Britain despite the increased reporting and publicity given to it. And those who are involved with treating child sex offenders are inevitably faced with a difficult task, but there are rewards, not least protecting potential victims.
Keywords: Child Abuse London Perpetrators Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
379. Rothbaum, B. O., & Hyer, L. (1993, September). Treating trauma victims through eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Violence Update: Dedicated to the Continuing Education of the Professionals in the Field of Interpersonal Violence, 4(1), 5-6, 8, 10.

Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Point/Counterpoint: Not surprisingly, there has been a high level of controversy surrounding the use and effectiveness of this proceedure. Two professionals who are experienced in the implication of EMDR describe the intervention in greater detail and offer their differing perspectives on its use and potential effectiveness.
Keywords: Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
380. Russell, M. C., & Figley, C. R. (2012, December). Treating traumatic stress injuries in military personnel: An EMDR practitioner's guide. New York, NY: Routledge.

Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Treating Traumatic Stress Injuries in Military Personnel: An EMDR Practitioner’s Guide offers a comprehensive treatment manual for mental health professionals treating traumatic stress injuries in both male and female veterans. It is the first book to combine the most recent knowledge about new paradigms of combat-related traumatic stress injuries (Figley & Nash, 2006) and offers a practical guide for treating the spectrum of traumatic stress injuries with EMDR, which has been recognized by the Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense clinical practice guidelines as one of the most studied, efficient, and particularly well-suited evidence-based treatments for military-related stress injuries. Russell and Figley introduce an array of treatment innovations designed especially for use with military populations, and readers will find pages filled with practical information, including appendices that feature a glossary of military terminology, breakdowns of rank and pay grades, and various clinical forms.
Keywords: Combat Military Traumatic Stress Injuries Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
381. Shapiro, F., & Houston, J. (2009, December). Treating victims of trauma worldwide. Counterpoint speech at the 6th Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR has been used worldwide over the past decade as an empirically validated trauma treatment. During that time, it has become clear that it is possible to simultaneously alleviate suffering, help stop the cycle of violence, and address the devastating effects of trans-generational transmission. The clinical implications for simple symptom reduction versus personal growth and resiliency will be explored.
Keywords: Trauma Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
382. Nelson, W. F. (2006, June). A treatment assisted recovery model for victims of prostitution and trafficking. Presentation at the Stockholm Criminology Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Women engaged in prostitution either domestically or in the course of being trafficked experience trauma reflected in symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSD) along with other psychological manifestations which may include significant dissociative functioning, depression and drug addiction along with physical impairments. The author describes the psychological damage and a programmed approach which has successfully produced a more productive lifestyle.
Keywords: Prostitution
Accuracy Verified: Yes
383. van der Kolk, B. A., Hopper, J., & Spinazzola, J. (2004, November). Treatment integration of traumatic memories vs. suppression of distress. Presentation at the 20th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation will review a series of three studies that investigated the quality of traumatic memories in three subject populations, using the Traumatic Memory Inventory (TMI- van der Kolk & Fisler, 1996): 1) victims of interpersonal trauma, 2) victims of motor vehicle accidents, and 3) patients who experienced awareness during anesthesia. We then will present the results of the Memory component study from a large treatment outcome study comparing EMDR and fluoxetine for PTSD which showed that, following effective treatment with EMDR, the fragmentation of memory imprints was resolved, while treatment with fluoxetine did not alter the quality of traumatic memories, but suppressed subjective distress.
Keywords: Awareness During Anesthesia Fluoxetine Motor Vehicle Accidents Traumatic Memory Inventory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
384. Hofmann, A. (2004, June). The treatment of complex PSTD with EMDR. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Stockholm, Sweden.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Disorder of Extreme Stress - Complex PTSD - Proposed diagnosis by J. Herman (1992). PTSD as a diagnosis does not describe the symptoms of victims of interpersonal violence. Field-Study for DSM-IV: van der Kolk et al. (Am. J. Psychiatry, 1996 ). Currently: international studies (with a diagnostic interview - SIDES). Symptom can be grouped in three clusters.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Disorder of Extreme Stress Plenary
Accuracy Verified: Yes
385. Barre, K. (2010, June). Treatment of dissociative amnesia after vehicle accident with EMDR. In Accident victims. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There is doubt if dissociative amnesias, the forgetting of traumatic memories, are a helpful condition for a patient or not. Clinically especially difficult is the situation if amnesias occur after an accident, where the condition is possibly organically based (like in a brain injury). Often the problems that these patients face in rehabilitation are difficult to understand and often the interventions that usually work with brain injuries are only partially effective. These situation will be illustrated by two cases of severe post accident amnesias (10 weeks and 10 months) and their treatment. Video documentation of the cases and their EMDR treatment will be shown and discussed. Usually effective treatments had been ineffective in both. Both however lost their symptoms and remember the incidents fully after trauma-specific treatment. Both patients have been stable for a year after the termination of treatment.
Keywords: Accident Victims Dissociative Amnesia Symposium Traffic Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
386. Magliozzi, T., & Magliozzi, R. (2005, June 20). Treatment offers help for car crash victims. Charleston, WV: Charleston Daily Mail, Life, P2C.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Your recent newspaper column regarding the person experiencing trauma after her Toyota was rear-ended by some guy going 70 mph invited me to add my thoughts: I am a psychologist in Minnesota and have treated a number of car-crash victims just like your reader. They are indeed suffering from a form of post-traumatic stress disorder, and can easily be helped by a therapeutic procedure called EMDR - eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Don't ask me to explain how it works, but believe me, it does. I have treated car-crash victims, carjacking victims, rape victims and holdup victims with the same method of EMDR. They were symptom-free - and stayed that way - after just one session of the procedure. Pretty amazing. It wasn't me; it was the procedure that did the work, along with the client's own brain - which helped reprocess the trauma memory. So, tell this woman to go to the EMDR Web site, www.emdria.org, and click on the link for Find a Therapist. She should get relief from her symptoms quite rapidly - and they will stay away. I wish her the best
Keywords: Charleston Letter Motor Vehical Accidents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
387. Bonczijk, L. (2009, October 16). Treatment, therapy there for victims of sex abuse. Newberg, Oregon: Newburg Graphic.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
A multipart series looks at the incidents of sex crimes in the Newberg area, its causes, prosecution and treatment options
Keywords: General Overview Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
388. Adler-Tapia, R. & Brown, S. (2011, January). Two studies on the efficacy of integrating EMDR: a) EMDR with children treated in a CAC; and, b) EMDR and seeking safety for adults evidencing co-morbidity in the drug courts. Presentation at the 25th Annual Rady Chadwick San Diego Child and Family Maltreatment, San Diego, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This presentation will focus on research on EMDR with child victims of crime and on using EMDR for the treatment of comorbid PTSD/SUDS in an adult court ITTP (Integrated Trauma Treatment Program). (Author Abstract)
Keywords: Adults Children Drug Court
Accuracy Verified: Yes
389. Fleury, M. (2008). Un canon sur la tempe [A pistol at your temple]. Imaginaire et Inconscient, 22(2), 83-95.

Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Illustration of EMDR therapy with five clinical cases of bank employees : victims of robberies. Diversity of immediate stress reactions and long term stress reactions ; and response to desensitization. Curative and preventive contributions of this practice in the aftermath of attacks.
Keywords: Cure Posttraumtic Stress Prevention Robberies Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
390. Meignant, M. (2012, April). Un EMDR d’enfant (Formation EMDR sur la rivière Kwai) [A child of EMDR (EMDR Training on the River Kwai)]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Film de Michel Meignant(en anglais avec sous-titres français suivi d’une discussion en français) (Tous les niveaux)[Film by Michel Meignant (in English with French subtitles followed by a discussion in French
Lors de l’atelier de formation d’EMDR organisé en Thaïlande par Trauma-Aid, HAP Allemagne et Terre des Hommes Allemagne, la psychologue Dagmar Eckers se prépare à traiter par l’EMDR le jeune Indonésien Ooz, victime du Tsunami. Il souffre de cauchemars et de difficultés de concentration. Ce film présente deux séances d’EMDR sur cet enfant de 10 ans. Il montre aussi les efforts des formateurs EMDR qui, avec l’aide des associations caritatives, forment les Birmans, Chinois, Indiens, Indonésiens et Thaïlandais à devenir autonomes dans la pratique et l’enseignement de l’EMDR.

Objectifs d’apprentissage: 1. Comment utiliser l'EMDR pour soulager les conséquences traumatiques d'une catastrophe de la nature 2. L'utilisation d'EMDR auprès d'un enfant dans un contexte social et culturel non-occidental. (les 8 phases de la démarche EMDR dans un tel contexte)

During the training workshop held in Thailand by EMDR Trauma-Aid, PAHs and Germany Terre des Hommes Germany, psychologist Dagmar Eckers prepares to deal with the young Indonesian EMDR OOZ, victims of the Tsunami. He suffers from nightmares and difficulty concentrating. This film has two sessions of EMDR on this 10 year old child. It also shows the efforts of EMDR trainers who, with help from charities, are the Burmese, Chinese, Indians, Indonesians and Thais to become independent in practice and teaching of EMDR.
Learning Objectives: 1. How to use EMDR to relieve the traumatic consequences of a catastrophe of nature 2. The use of EMDR with a child in a social and cultural non-Western. (the 8 phases of EMDR approach in this context)
Keywords: Video
Accuracy Verified: Yes
391. Mosquera, D. (2012, June). Understanding and treating narcissistic and antisocial personalities with EMDR [Personalidades narcisistas y antisociales. Comprensión y abordaje desde EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The DSM-‐IV description of narcissistic personality disorder focuses on the “overt” qualities of narcissism (grandiosity, exploitation, arrogance, interpersonal problems and rage) while omitting the less obvious and more subtle “covert” characteristics (tendency to be shame sensitive, introverted, vulnerable, inhibited and anxiety-‐prone). A core characteristic of narcissism is lack of empathy. While empathy issues can be present in many people with personality disorders, there are two personality disorders that are more related with lack of empathy, and a (sometimes only apparent) lack of concern about the suffering that they can cause in other people: narcissist and antisocial personality disorder. Both types of personalities share this self-‐centered profile. People characterized by lack of empathy and selfishness are usually considered difficult to treat and poor candidates for psychotherapy (even untreatable) but many cases can be treated effectively with EMDR. Targeting the roots of the symptoms is crucial for an adequate case conceptualization. A description of different profiles characterized by self-‐centerness, selfish attitude and lack of empathy will be described in this presentation. These aspects may be present in abusers and victims, in overt or subtle presentations. To conceptualize EMDR therapy in these cases it is important to understand the pathway from early experiences to present problems. Narcissism and antisocial features can be final outcomes of a neglecting environment, chronic abuse or excessive appraisal. Different attachment disturbances with primary caregivers can lead to lack of empathy and self-‐centerness. In some cases, structural dissociation is underlying narcissistic or antisocial features that can characterize some dissociative parts of the personality. All these aspects and the complexity of therapeutic relationship in narcissistic and antisocial personalities will be reviewed in this presentation.

La descripción de la DSM-‐IV del trastorno de personalidad narcisista se centra en las cualidades “externas” del narcisismo (grandiosidad, explotación de otros, arrogancia, problemas interpersonales y rabia) mientras que omite las características “internas” menos obvias y más sutiles (tendencia a ser sensitivos a la vergüenza, introvertidos, vulnerables, inhibidos y tendentes a la ansiedad. Una característica central del narcisismo es la falta de empatía. Mientras que los problemas de empatía pueden estar presentes en muchas personas con trastornos de personalidad, hay dos trastornos de personalidad más relacionados con la falta de empatía y la falta de preocupación (en ocasiones tan sólo de modo aparente) sobre el sufrimiento que pueden causar en otras personas: el trastorno de personalidad narcisista y el antisocial. Ambos tipos de personalidad comparten un perfil egocéntrico. Las personas que se caracterizan por una falta de empatía y egoísmo, normalmente son consideradas difíciles de tratar y malos candidatos para psicoterapia (incluso intratables) pero muchos casos pueden ser tratados de manera efectiva con EMDR. Entender la raíz de los síntomas es crucial para una adecuada conceptualización del caso. En esta presentación se realizará una descripción de diferentes perfiles caracterizados por egocentrismo, actitud egoísta y falta de empatía. Estos aspectos pueden estar presentes en agresores y víctimas, de forma evidente o sutil. Para realizar una adecuada conceptualización de estos casos desde EMDR es importante comprender cómo las experiencias tempranas influyen en la problemática actual. Los rasgos narcisistas y antisociales pueden ser el resultado de un entorno negligente, de abuso crónico o de un exceso de elogio y refuerzo. Los diferentes problemas de apego con los cuidadores principales pueden generar una falta de empatía y una actitud egocentrista. Todos estos aspectos y la complejidad de la relación terapéutica en las personalida
Keywords: Antisocial Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
392. Mosquera, D. (2013, June). Understanding and treating narcissistic personality disorder with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is associated with selfish behaviors and lack of empathy towards others. Patients with this diagnosis show a self-centered profile and a (sometimes only apparent) lack of concern about the suffering that they can cause in other people but this is only part of the picture.
The DSM-IV description of narcissistic personality disorder focuses on the “overt” qualities of narcissism (grandiosity, exploitation, arrogance, interpersonal problems and rage) while omitting the less obvious and more subtle “covert” characteristics (tendency to be shame sensitive, introverted, vulnerable, inhibited and anxiety-prone). All of these aspects may be present in both abusers and victims, in either overt or subtle presentations. In this presentation we will show how to conceptualize and treat different profiles characterized by self-centeredness, selfish attitudes and a lack of empathy from the EMDR perspective.
To conceptualize EMDR therapy in these cases it is important to understand the developmental pathways from early experiences to present problems. Narcissism features can be final outcomes of a neglecting environment, chronic abuse or other adverse experiences. In some cases it can even be related to excessive appraisal. A variety of attachment disturbances with primary caregivers can lead to lack of empathy and self-centeredness. Being able to identify (and reprocess) the etiological experiences at the roots of the symptoms is crucial for an adequate case conceptualization.
All these aspects and the complexity of therapeutic relationship in narcissistic personalities will be reviewed in this presentation linking theory and case examples. Video cases will be shown to illustrate case conceptualization and treatment methods.
Learning objectives: Narcissism is in many cases a trauma-based disorder. Students will be able to understand Narcissism from a trauma perspective; as a presentation of early complex traumatization. Special interest will be placed on relevant aspects for the history taking and how present symptoms can be linked to traumatic events (triggers). Relational difficulties and defenses are key aspects in the treatment of personality disorders and their management will be one of the objectives of this workshop. Treatment and conceptualization of these complex cases will be explained with the necessary adaptations of the EMDR procedures for narcissism.
Description of how workshop would achieve the learning outcomes: The theory will be illustrated through case examples. Videos of interviews and clinical sessions will be showed, maintaining an interactive dialogue with the audience, where theoretical concepts will be exemplified and discussed with the participants.
Keywords: Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
393. Descilo, T. (2001, Spring). Understanding victim behavior: The psychobiology of trauma. National Center for Victims of Crime Networks, 1-3.

Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
We also use Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), which involves engaging a person in a bilateral movement, such as following a therapist's finger or tapping the clients knees alternatively, while thinking about traumatic events, shifting a person's attention from one side of the body to the other in order to release the pain connected to the event. EMDR has produced excellent results. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
394. Tinker, R. H. (2008, September). The use of EMDR with motor accident victims. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Approximately 750,000 new cases of PTSD arise each year following MVAs in the US alone. The presenter will discuss targeting pain memories and dealing with closed head injuries, as well as PTSD when they co-morbidly occur in the same person. Case examples will be presented. Results of approximately 100 consecutive PTSD cases from MVAs will also be presented. The participant will be able to demonstrate knowledge of: How to treat pain memories within the EMDR protocol; How to treat closed head injuries within the EMDR protocol and; Treatment effectiveness of EMDR with this population.
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
395. Allemagne, K. L. (2009, August). The use of EMDR with treatment resistant patients suffering from chronic obsessive-compulsive disorder. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The use of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing Therapy in the treatment of trauma and stress is well documented (Shapiro, 2001). Since its inception, several studies documenting the effectiveness of EMDR in the treatment of other mental health issues has also been studied (Parnell, 2006). Bae, Kim, and Ahn’s, (2006) clinical case study demonstrates no success with the use of EMDR to treat patients that developed obsessive-compulsive disorder after being diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Their article suggests little research in support of the use of EMDR in the treatment of OCD. This presentation illustrates two case studies of men diagnosed with chronic OCD, and their inability to find relief from their symptoms from both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. The study illustrates the use of Parnell’s modified EMDR protocol with both patients, and the importance of identifying and resolving feeder memories. Patient A is a male who was diagnosed with OCD twenty years ago. He has received both psychotherapy and psychiatric services from a major university hospital since being diagnosed. Part of the obsessive thoughts include shouting obscenities at his congregation, committing violent acts towards members of the parish, and ultimately jumping over a choir railing with the goal of killing himself. Patient A began psychotherapy using the Parnell’s modified protocol of EMDR. The patient was able to tap into core (feeder) memories from childhood where he violated trust and confidence with a friend that had not been fully resolved. This also connected with security issues with his mother, which eventually were completely resolved through EMDR. The patient’s obsessive thoughts ceased. The patient has been free of these obsessive thoughts post therapy for one year. Patient B sought therapy for compulsive behaviors related to exposing himself to unsuspecting victims. Additionally, this patient also engaged in compulsive masturbation behaviors for eight to ten hours a day. His actions not only were psychologically distressing to him, but also causing him problems with the local authorities. Patient B had sought psychotherapy and psychiatric services in the past on several occasions, but with no improvement. Patient B demonstrated radical improvement using Parnell’s modified EMDR protocol. The patient identified feeder memories that were not initially discussed during the assessment phase. After successful processing, patient B has not engaged in any inappropriate sexual behaviors or compulsive masturbation for three months. While psychodynamic principles rooted in experiences of life are not novel or innovative in the practice of psychotherapy, often therapists will focus on reducing the problematic symptoms accompanying a diagnosis of OCD, without considering the full implication of prior experiences. Continuing advances in the application of EMDR with an ever expanding array of mental and emotional disorders requires researchers to consider the importance of identifying feeder memories as a possible source of problematic symptoms. These results offer promising techniques for EMDR therapists, and new avenues in research exploring the efficacy of EMDR and OCD. This presentation will illustrate the process involved in identifying feeder memories.
Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Resistance
Accuracy Verified: Yes
396. Bilal, M. S., & Rana, M. H. (2008, June). Use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in battle hardy soldiers after sustaining psychological trauma in various suicide bomb blast: A series of cases of post traumatic stress in terrorist acts. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objective: The purpose of the study is to show the impact of the use of EMDR in survivors of suicide bomb blasts in North of Pakistan. Design and Settings: The study involves an ongoing compilation of clinical data and the study of therapeutic responses to various interventions including EMDR, at a tertiary mental health facility and Centre for Trauma Research and Psychosocial Interventions (CTRPI), Rawalpindi /Islamabad, Pakistan. This mental health facility is the catchment area of patients from Northern areas of Pakistan, currently the part of the country, worst affected by series of suicide bombings targeting military and civil population. Method: Families of the victims and those who survive suicide bombings without physical injuries are referred to CTRPI from peripheral areas / hospitals for assessment for psychosocial consequences of facing a man made disaster. Patients are interviewed at the point in time of referral and scoring is done on Impact of Event Scale (IES). Those who fulfill the criteria of Post traumatic Stress Disorder according to ICD-10 are registered for further studies and appropriate interventions. The individuals who fulfil the criteria for PTSD or any other psychiatric morbidity are then enrolled for regular psychiatric follow up. The patients are first offered the use of EMDR and all who give an informed consent are then assigned to a psychiatrist trained in EMDR (Level 2). Sessions of EMDR as per the protocol of 8 stages are carried out. Scoring on IES is recorded serially. According to the degree of improvement and severity of illness, sessions of EMDR are carried out using the bilateral stimulation during the hospital stay. Results: The three individuals who have completed EMDR treatment had survived the suicidal bombing attacks and fulfilled the entry criteria were administered 8 stage protocol EMDR. They all improved in their symptoms of intrusive images, hyper-arousal, autonomic instability and avoidance. Their sleep improved and nightmares diminished. Their social and interpersonal functioning improved. There was marked reduction of basal anxiety levels in all three. Scores on IES done after intervention (EMDR) improved from initial pre EMDR score of 41, 38 and 40 respectively to post EMDR scores of 18, 15 and 14 for the three subjects who completed EMDR protocol of 8 stages. On reporting to their respective units their occupational effectiveness has returned to previous levels of functioning. Conclusions: EMDR proves to be an effective non pharmacological intervention in terms of post traumatic stress disorder in special circumstances of acts of terrorism involving suicide bombing. The data presented is only preliminary and is based on a small number out of a larger sample.
Keywords: Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Terrorism
Accuracy Verified: Yes
397. Tahir, K., Tareen, S., & Keenan, P. (2008, June). Use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in earthquake affected women: A series of cases of post traumatic stress in physically injured persons. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objective Main objective is to study the therapeutic responses of EMDR on the survivors of earthquake North of Pakistan in Kashmir. This study is carried on the spinal injury patients of National Institute Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), which is a 160 bed hospital in Islamabad. It has a spinal injury unit which established after the earthquake in February 2006. All the female patients suffering from spinal injury earthquake were shifted here. Physically injured patients who also fulfilled the criteria of PTSD according ICD10 were offered the treatment with EMDR. Patients who consented were seen by EMDR practitioner(level 2). Sessions of EMDR as per protocol of 8 stages were carried out. The number of sessions varied according severity of illness and degree of improvement. EMDR practitioner was supervised by EMDR consultants through email and telephony. It is a part of ongoing EMDR training programme. Paper also discusses the problems while seeing patients and benefits of distance supervision. It also describe case study of 2 patients. Initially 15 patients consented for treatment. However 10 patients completed the sessions and showed improvements their symptoms. Their weeping and sleep problems settled. Their social and interpersonal functioning improved. Marked reduction is seen in level of distress. EMDR has proven to be an effective non pharmacological intervention in terms of PTSD in people suffering from co-morbid physical and psychological conditions earthquake. Data presented is only preliminary and based on a small number out of a large segment.
Keywords: Earthquake Poster Posttraumatic Stress Reprocessing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
398. Bermudez, J. S. (2002, January). The use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) within a multi-modal treatment program for child victims of extrafamilial sexual abuse. Carlos Albizu University, Miami, FL. AAT 3057608.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Sexual abuse has created multiple short and long term problems for many individuals in society today. It often occurs in childhood and the scars that are left can be permanent. Statistically, it occurs with far greater frequency than should be tolerated. However, it is frequently unreported and can be difficult to detect in a child that experiences this form of trauma. There is a significant need to help these children that have been victims of this crime. Extrafamilial sexual abuse in particular appears to occur with greater frequency than intrafamilial sexual abuse. Studies show that it has lasting effects on children. Two of the most common and consistent symptoms seen with these children are PTSD and sexualized behavior. Other symptoms that have been found with these children include: depression, anxiety, fear, and difficulty managing anger.Although there have been many program designs implemented for child sexual abuse victims, most do not properly assess the level of improvement through objective measures that show that the treatment was responsible for the observed change and not some other variable. Many different forms of treatment have been used to treat sexual abuse victims, such as different forms of traditional individual therapies, family therapy, group therapy, drama therapy, and art therapy. One innovative psychotherapeutic technique that has been used recently with these types of clients and those who have experienced other types of traumatic events is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR is a relatively new form of treatment developed in 1987 by Francine Shapiro. There have been controlled research studies that have shown the efficacy of this technique. Although there are some researchers who are skeptical of the use of this technique and challenge its effectiveness, studies have nonetheless shown that it is an effective form of brief therapy with long-term effects. This proposed treatment program would be developed for children, aged 6-12 years, who have been victims of extrafamilial sexual abuse. It is designed to be short term, lasting 4 months, and EMDR will be utilized as the primary psychotherapeutic tool to assist the children in reprocessing their traumatic experience. Mental health services that would be provided include individual therapy consisting primarily of EMDR, group therapy for the child and the parents or caretakers provided separately, and family therapy that would include the parents, child, and siblings if deemed necessary. The children admitted to the program would meet criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. They would also be given psychological measures in order to establish a baseline in terms of current symptoms such as depression and anxiety. The same measures would be administered again at the completion of treatment allowing for the measurement of any improvements. It is expected that children who complete the program would show a significant reduction or elimination of PTSD symptoms. This can be done more effectively by treating the family as a unit in dealing with such a traumatic experience. It is believed that this form of treatment would provide a valuable service to the community and further our understanding regarding the efficacy of EMDR. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 63(6-B), Jan 2002, pp. 3000.
Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Child Abuse Empirical Study Family Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape School Age Children Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
399. Scott, R. M. (2000). The use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in treating a public speaking anxiety/phobia for individuals of high, moderate, and low absorption ability. Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center, San Francisco, CA. AAT 3105575.

Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new and seemingly effective but controversial therapeutic treatment used primarily for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and related anxiety disorders such as phobias. In this study, EMDR was used to treat a public speaking anxiety or public speaking phobia. It was predicted that EMDR would be an effective treatment but that the efficacy would vary as a function of the absorption ability of the participants. 30 healthy male and female participants between the ages of 18 and 55 were categorized into 3 groups based on their being high (n = 10), moderate (n = 10), or low (n = 10) in absorption ability. Only participants who scored low on the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) were included in the study. Participants received up to 3 sessions of EMDR and were measured on 9 different outcome variables. Significant decreases in Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) verbal ratings were found from baseline to the end of session 1 for all three groups (ps < .05); no other significant improvements were found after the first session (ps > .10). Confidence in verbal reports of positive cognitions (Validity of Cognition scale; VoC) increased equally over the course of treatment for all absorption groups. Between-group comparisons revealed no significant differences between the absorption groups at the end of treatment on their verbal reports of disturbance (SUDS) and positive cognitions (VoC) regarding past, ongoing, and future projected speaking events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 64(9-B), 2004, pp. 4635.
Keywords: Anxiety Eye Movements Phobias Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Public Speaking Public Speaking Anxiety
Accuracy Verified: Yes
400. Kutz, I. (2007, June). The use of short-term EMDR for symptomic relief of acute stress syndrome in victims of the 2006 Israeli-Lebanese hostilities. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
During the 2006 hostilities between Israel and the Hezbollah militia, many northern Israeli towns were under the continuous threat of rocket bombardment for several weeks. Thirty people who arrived at the general hospital with Acute Stress Reaction (ASR) and were found later to suffer from Acute Stress Syndrome (ASS) were treated by a group of senior EMDR clinicians with a two-session modified EMDR intervention.
The raw results indicate that about 50% of ASS outpatients treated with a brief modified EMDR protocol responded to a single session EMDR with an initial very significant (SUDs dropping or points or more) or a significant alleviation, of their, mostly intrusive, symptoms. The other half of the ASS population showed partial response or no response. We also report the results of a 7 month follow-up of these patients. The advantages and limitations of using the modified brief EMDR protocol in ASS victims are discussed. The response of prolonged war-stress to EMDR is compared to the reason of victim of a single trauma like terrorist attacks and road accidents.
Keywords: Acute Stress Syndrome Early Intervention War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
401. Nutting, R. (2002, June). Using EMDR 'interweave' to reprocess 'defectiveness schema' in sexual abuse victims. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Poster Schema
Accuracy Verified: Yes
402. Staff. (2000). Using the eyes to overcome stress and anxiety: A controversial therapy called EMDR. News & Perspective, WholeHealthMD.com.

Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Many of the victims of the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 had no physical wounds but were deeply wounded by psychological scars. Traumatized by memories of the tragedy and its aftermath, they experienced a form of lingering psychological paralysis called post-traumatic stress disorder that made it nearly impossible to live a normal life.
Keywords: General Oklahoma City Bombing Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
403. Gomez, S. M. (2007, Novembro). Uso do EMDR para intervenção em trauma agudo pós-desastre [Use of EMDR for acute post-disaster trauma intervention]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objetivos da aprendizagem: Apresentar uma aplicação do EMDR em situação de luto após desastre aéreo que gerou grande comoção nacional. Relatar casos de aplicação bem sucedida do EMDR a parentes das possíveis vítimas – não confirmadas num primeiro momento – do acidente, com objetivo de aliviar o sofrimento dos enlutados. Analisar os resultados obtidos pelo uso do EMDR como ferramenta para trabalhar o momento presente dando suporte emocional aos parentes supostamente enlutados, proporcionando aos pacientes mecanismos de enfrentamento da situação de incerteza sobre a morte e dos trâmites burocráticos. Discutir o uso do EMDR que, neste caso específico, levou os pacientes a processar o acontecimento de forma tal que a implementação do trauma foi evitada. Consolidar conhecimento acerca do enfrentamento de situações adversas para o psicólogo durante grave comoção pública. Debater o uso do EMDR como psicoterapia breve in loco, durante as crises dos enlutados. Discutir como amenizar o sofrimento dos pacientes que passam por situações particulares de crise ou descompensação caracterizadoras de quadros reativos agudos.

Learning Objectives: Present an application of EMDR in a situation mourning after plane crash that generated large national uproar. Report cases of application and successful EMDR to relatives of the possible victims - unconfirmed at first - The accident, in order to alleviate the suffering of the bereaved. Analyze the results obtained by use of EMDR as a tool to work the present time giving emotional support to bereaved relatives allegedly providing patients coping mechanisms of the uncertainty about death and red tape. Discuss the use of EMDR that in this particular case, it took patients to process the event in such a way that implementation of the trauma was avoided. consolidate knowledge of coping adverse situations for the psychologist during severe public outcry. Discuss the use of EMDR as brief psychotherapy on the spot during the crises of mourners. Discuss how to alleviate suffering of patients who undergo situations particular crisis or decompensation characterizing acute reactive frame.
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
404. Solomon, R. M. (1999, September). Utilization of EMDR in crisis intervention. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(3), 11, 13-14, 31-33.

Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
A crisis or traumatic situation occurs when a person is involved in a situation that results in an overwhelming sense of vulnerability and/or lack of control (Solomon, 1995). These situations can shatter basic assumptions about how the world works, interfering with the victim’s ability to assimilate and accommodate the event (Janoff-Bulman, 1992). Three major themes that commonly need to be addressed by victims of critical incidents are 1) responsibility for the event, 2) personal vulnerability and lack of safety, and 3) issues of control and self-efficacy (Shapiro, 1995).
Keywords: Crisis Intervention
Accuracy Verified: Yes
405. Lovell, C., & Langford, K. (2003, September). Utilizing EMDR techniques in trauma and abuse recovery groups. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Group therapy is recognized by clinicians as an effective method for treating victims of trauma and abuse. The presenters of this interactive workshop began their work with groups seven years ago using the basic format of Marcia Linehan. They have completed twelve of these groups. Each year they evaluate the processes, adding theories and techniques to increase its effectiveness. The theories of Colin Ross, John Bradshaw, David Burns, and others combine to create a 32 week format, divided into four modules. EMDR techniques are used with, the group to increase the speed and effectiveness of symptom reduction. The uniqueness of this presentation centers around the fact that EMDR is used within the group setting to enhance a program that is already working well to facilitate lmproved life skills in trauma and abuse victims.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Trauma Recovery Groups
Accuracy Verified: Yes
406. Torun, F. (2010, Spring). Vajinismusun EMDR yöntemi ile tedavisi: İki olgu sunumu [Treatment of vaginismus with EMDR: A report of two cases]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(3), 243-248.

Language: Turkish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Vajinismus kadının vajina kaslarındaki istemsiz kasılmalar nedeniyle hiçbir şekilde cinsel ilişkinin gerçekleşemediği bir cinsel işlev bozukluğudur. Vajinismus için temel tanı kriteri vajinanın dış üçte birindeki kaslarda koitusu engelleyecek, yineleyici bir biçimde ya da istem dışı spazmın olması olarak tanımlanmıştır. Birçok olguda ağrı ya da ağrının olabileceğine ilişkin korku vajinismusun ortaya çıkması ve sürmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu yazıda, çocukluk çağında geçirilmiş cinsel travmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan iki vajinismus olgusunun Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing-EMDR) tekniği ile tedavisi sunulacaktır. EMDR ağırlıklı olarak ruhsal travma tedavisinde kullanılan bir tedavi tekniğidir. EMDR tekniğinin etkinliği, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, cinsel travma mağdurları gibi birçok grupta yapılan randomize kontrollü çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Her iki olguda da standart olarak sekiz aşamalı EMDR protokolü uygulanmıştır. 3 seanslık EMDR seansı sonrasında her iki olguda da hem kaygı düzeylerinde azalma, hem de cinsel ilişkiye yönelik işlevsel olmayan düşüncelerin ortadan kalktığı görüldü ve vajinismus sorunu ortadan kalktı. Bu çalışmada sunulan iki olgudan hareketle, travmanın neden olduğu vajinismus olgularında EMDR’nin alternatif bir tedavi tekniği olarak etkili olabileceği söylenebilir.

Vaginismus is a type of sexual dysfunction in which spasm of the vaginal musculature prevents penetrative intercourse. The main diagnostic criterion is the presence of recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse. In many cases associated pain or the fear of pain may contribute to its persistence. Herein we report 2 patients that presented with vaginismus that developed secondary to childhood sexual trauma, which was treated with the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) technique. EMDR is a non-pharmacologic treatment for psychological trauma. Randomized controlled trials with posttraumatic stress disorder patients and with victims of sexual abuse have shown that EMDR is effective. The standard 8-phase EMDR protocol was used in both of the presented cases. Following 3 sessions of EMDR, the patients exhibited a substantial reduction in self-reported and clinician-rated anxiety, and a reduction in the credibility of dysfunctional beliefs concerning sexual intercourse. These findings support the notion that EMDR could be an effective treatment alternative for patients with vaginismus of traumatic etiology.
Keywords: Adult Desensitization, Female Humans Psychologic Sexual Behavior Vaginismus Wounds and Injuries
Accuracy Verified: Yes
407. Padgett, M. (1995 March 15). Vet finally able to live with demon. Phoenix, AZ: The Phoenix Gazette, 4, 4.

Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Jones said the EMDR therapy, used with counseling helps veterans deal with traumatic incidents. not conquer them. She said EMDR won't erase trauma victims' memories, but it will help them cope with the memories' negative effect on their lives.
Keywords: Phoenix Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
408. Tarquinio, C. (2007, August). Victims of accidents and EMDR therapy. Presentation at the 20th Conference of the European Health Psychology Society, Maastricht, Netherlands.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Accidents Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
409. Tarquinio C., Schmitt, A., & Tarquinio, P. (2012, January-March). Violences conjugales et psychothérapie eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR): études de cas [Conjugal violence and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Case studies]. L’évolution Psychiatrique, 77(1), 97-108. doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2011.11.002 .

Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Cet article décrit les effets d’une prise en charge de femmes victimes de violences conjugales par la thérapie Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). L’objectif était de mettre en évidence les effets curatifs de la thérapie EMDR en ce qui concerne la réduction des symptômes d’état de stress posttraumatique (ESPT), d’anxiété et de dépression. La population était constituée de cinq femmes ayant suivi entre trois et neuf sessions de 60 minutes d’EMDR. Les femmes prises en charge grâce à la thérapie EMDR, voient l’ESPT et l’anxiété dont elles souffraient accuser une baisse significative et durable (maintenue à la réévaluation, six mois après la prise en charge). Les résultats obtenus vont dans le sens d’une efficacité de la thérapie EMDR auprès de ce public particulier. Ces études de cas permettent de se pencher sur la fac¸on dont se résorbent les symptômes d’ESPT (vitesse de diminution rapide mais non homogène entre les différents symptômes). Malgré l’absence de groupe contrôle constituant une limite, ces études de cas laissent entrevoir des résultats encourageants et dégagent des pistes de réflexion en vue de nouvelles études.

The objective of this article is to investigate the effects of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing treatment for victims of domestic violence. Five women were offered treatment with between three and nine 60-minute EMDR sessions. Assessments were completed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at the 6-month follow-up, with the purpose of demonstrating the ability of EMDR psychotherapy to reduce Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Results showed a significant reduction in PTSD scores (intrusion, avoidance symptoms), anxiety, and depression, and were maintained after 6 months. This study opens up original perspectives for the treatment of domestic violence victims. The question of EMDR therapy's adequacy and pertinence for the treatment of domestic violence will be discussed. In any case, EMDR therapy seems to offer a promising therapeutic, social, and clinical response for this population, which is often difficult to treat.
Keywords: Anxiety Cognitive Therapy Depression: Domestic Violence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Balance PTSD Questionnaire Symptom Clinical Case
Accuracy Verified: Yes
410. Calof, D., Maltz, W., Shapiro, F., & Young, W. (1995, June). What can we learn from the “false/delayed memory” controversy?. Evening symposium and town meeting conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Working with survivors of trauma and abuse can challenge or shatter therapists' basic beliefs about safety, goodness, and meaning, leaving one anxious, vulnerable, uncertain and prone to countertmnsference act-out. Through discussion and structured ewences that allow for individual pacing, participants in this experiential clinic will have an opportunity to identify, transform, and work through issues of the self of the therapist including countertransferences, parallel process, secondary traumatization, and the intense and sometime immobilizing existential crises that may result from this work. The leader will endeavor to create an enjoyable playful climate of mutual respect, trust, confidentiality and containment throughout the day. Educational objectives: A. Participants will engage in group and individual exercises designed to break with injunctions, scripts and internalizations left over from the family of origin that have prohibited personal authority and experimentation. B. Through lecture/discussion and exercises, participants will explore countextramference issues, secondary PTSD, and common therapeutic impasses and the existential crises they evoke in the self of the therapist. C. Participants will engage in group and individual exercises designed to assist in the resolution of on-going countertransference issues growing out of their current clinical practice. Bibliography: (1)Benedeck, E.P. (1984). The silent scream; Countertransference reactions to victims. American Journal of Social Psychiatry, IV, 3:49-52. (2)Camstock, C.M. (1991). Countertransference and the suicidal MPD patient. Dissociation, Vol. IV, No. 1;25-35
Keywords: False Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
411. Frogge, S. (1996, June). Work with victim advocates: EMDR and MADD, an evolving story – Partnership between victim advocates and mental health professionals. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: MADD Victims Advocates
Accuracy Verified: Yes
412. Richman, A. (2004, June). Workshop refugees and EMDR - EMDR with refugees and victims of torture. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
As trauma therapists we are increasingly encountering the challenge of using EMDR cross-culturally with highly traumatized clients who are refugees from war torn countries and/or oppressive regimes. This presentation seeks to address some of the difficulties of working across cultures, often with the aid of interpreters, who themselves may have been traumatized. EMDR has been found to be a highly effective treatment for refugees, especially where there is a high degree of somatization.
Keywords: Refugees Torture
Accuracy Verified: Yes
413. Turner, S. (2008, June). “A human rights framework in trauma work". Keynote presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Some people survive trauma only to find themselves continuing to live in very real danger of further deliberate harm. This happens, for example, on a large scale where the state uses repressive violence against communities and at a personal level in many types of intra-familial violence, but there are many other illustrations. One of the first steps that we often make as therapists is to clarify that the traumatic experience has come to an end and that the survivor is ready, and feels safe enough, to deal with the emotional components of their past experiences. Victims of violence may come from disadvantaged or minority groups in society and it is often insufficient to rely only on the goodwill of the majority population to achieve this sense of safety. It is essential that there should be human rights policies with the force of law to protect vulnerable people and allow them to achieve justice and a sense of efficacy. This year is the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, an inspirational document prepared after the Second World War, and yet, unfortunately, human rights abuses remain all too common. The interplay between the legal framework of human rights and the therapeutic framework of clinical practice is not always straightforward to negotiate. Problems may occur, for example, for refugees who escape from persecution but whose legal cases in their new country of asylum take years to settle, children experiencing continuing abuse but who are too afraid to talk, adult rape survivors who feel too ashamed to disclose and who would expect a prosecution to fail anyway. An ethical framework for our practice is required which fully takes into account the therapeutic needs of the survivor; their legal right to justice, protection and acknowledgment of harm done; and their personal wishes.
Keywords: Keynote
Accuracy Verified: Yes

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