Francine Shapiro Library ~ EMDR Bibliography

Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links

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Your Results - you searched for the keyword Emotional Reprocessing 2580 Results

1. Everly, G. S. Jr., & Lating, J. M. (2002). A clinical guide to the treatment of the human stress response, 2nd ed. Springer Publishing Company.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This updated edition of A Clinical Guide to the Treatment of the Human Stress Response reflects the dramatic changes in this field over the past decade. This edition covers a range of new topics, including stress and the immune system, post-traumatic stress and crisis intervention, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), Crisis Management Briefings in response to mass disasters and terrorism, Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM), spirituality and religion as stress management tools, dietary factors and stress, and updated information on psychopharmacologic intervention in the human stress response. As with the previous edition, this volume is designed as a comprehensive and accessible guide to both the clinically relevant physiology and treatment of the human stress response. Discussion of treatment protocols, using selected behavioral treatment strategies, is purposefully brief and clinically targeted. Supplemental information for practitioners includes a flow chart on the nature of stress physiology, a relaxation report form, specific protocols for teaching the relaxation response, a self-report checklist designed for health education purposes, and over 700 references. [Springer] Springer Series on Stress and Coping

Keywords: Human Stress Response

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. Furlani, F. (2006, Maggio). Dentro la relazione: L’Alleanza terapeutica dalla ricerca alla pratica clinica [In the report: The therapeutic alliance research into clinical practice]. Presentazione alla Conferenza Nazionale, Associazione per l'EMDR in Italia, Firenza, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nella presentazione verrà esposta l’evoluzione di un protocollo di ricerca in psicoterapia che considera l’andamento dell’alleanza terapeutica e del clima emotivo tra paziente e terapeuta, confrontati con la situazione clinica del paziente. Verranno inoltre presentati i primi dati di una ricerca condotta con gli stessi criteri e che prevede l’osservazione di psicoterapie con approccio terapeutico EMDR e di psicoterapie con approccio cognitivo-costruttivista. Le indicazioni ottenute saranno discusse attraverso riflessioni e stimoli per la ricaduta pratica.

In the presentation will be outlined the evolution of a research protocol that considers the trend in psychotherapy and emotional climate of the therapeutic alliance between patient and therapist, compared with the clinical situation of the patient. Will also be presented the first data of a survey conducted by the same criteria and requiring compliance with therapeutic approach to psychotherapy and EMDR psychotherapy with cognitive-constructivist approach. The indications obtained will be discussed through reflections and stimuli for relapse practice.

Keywords: Cognitive-Constructivist Approach Research Protocol Therapeutic Alliance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. Maxfield, L. (2003, September). A working memory explanation for the effects of EMs in EMDR. In N. Smyth (Chair), Recent research evaluating the role of eye movements in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Research has consistently demonstrated that performance is degraded when participants engage in two simultaneous tasks that require the same working memory resources. This study tested predictions from working memory theory to investigate the effects of eye movement (EM) on the components of autobiographical memory. In two experiments, 24 and 36 participants, respectively, focused on negative memories while engaging in three dual-attention EM tasks of increasing complexity. Compared to No- EM, Slow-EM and Fast-EM produced significantly decreased ratings of image vividness, thought clarity, and emotional intensity, and the more difficult Fast-EM resulted in larger decreases than did Slow-EM. The effects on emotional intensity were not consistent, with some preliminary evidence that a focus on memory-related thought might maintain emotional intensity during simple dual-attention tasks (Slow-EM, No-EM). The findings of our experiments support a working memory explanation for the effects of EM dual-attention tasks on autobiographical memory. Implications for understanding the mechanisms of action in EMDR are discussed.

Keywords: EMs Eye Movements Working Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. 国秋汪永光王义强付素芬曹日芳 [Zhao Guo-Qiu, Wang Yong-Guang, Wang Yi-Qiang, Fu Shu-Fen, & Fang Tsao]. (2008, August). "4•28"胶济铁路交通事故伤员心理危机的干预 [Psychological intervention in the casualties of 4 · 28 train crash on the Jiao-Ji railway line]. 中華急診醫學雜誌 17卷8期 (2008/08), 800-803 [Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine], 17(8), 800-803 .

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
目的　分析淄博铁路交通事故伤员心理行为反应特点以寻找救治交通事故后患者的心理的有效方法。方法　采用心理危机结构式访谈问卷，对2008年4月28日发生的山东淄博胶济铁路重大交通事故中的226伤员进行心理状态评估，并对22名ASD患者进行眼动脱敏再加工(eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR)治疗，比较EMDR治疗前后的心理行为反应的差异。结果　有22名达到ASD（急性应激障碍）诊断标准，本次铁路交通事故中ASD的发生率为9.73%，伤员中主要以闯人、警觉性增高表现为主，并伴随着其他的负性情绪体验。女性组ASD的发生率(14.85%)高于男性组(5.60%)，P<0.05。女性组心理行为反应结果明显重于男性组(P<0.05)，EMDR能够显著改善ASD患者的闯入、警觉性增高症状(P<0.01)，但愤怒情绪没有显著改善((P=0.227))。结论　铁路交通事故后，女性比男性更容易发生ASD。EMDR可有效地解决ASD患者除愤怒以外的心理危机。

Objective: To investigate the psychological characteristics in the casualties of 4.28 train crash on the Jiao-Ji railway track and to find a effective way to relieve the psychological crisis induced by traffic accident. Method: A total of 226 casualties were assessed in respect of psychological crisis with interview questionnaire after 4.28 train track on Jiao-ji railwayine. Twenty-two casualties meeting acute stress disorder (ASD) criteria from DSM-IV were treated with EMDR. The therapeutic effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on ASD were assessed. Results: The incidence of ASD was 9.73% (22 casualties). The major psychological consequences in casualties were intrusive symptoms, symptoms of hyperarousal, and negative emotional symptoms. Significant differences on gender had been found in incidence rate of ASD female 14.85% and male 5.60%, P < 0.05. The women manifested more severe psychological consequences than men in this train crash accident. Significant treatment effect was found in EMDR on ASD. EMDR can significantly improve the intrusive symptoms and symptoms of hyperarousal (P < 0.05), but can not significantly improve negative emotional symptoms (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The women showed more severe psychological consequences than men after train crash accident. EMDR was effective treatment on ASD but negative emotional symptoms.

Keywords: Accident Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Crsis Intervention Psychological Crisis Intervention Traffic Accident Train Collision Train Crashes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Eschenroder, C. T. (2005). "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing". In M. Linden & M. Hautzinger, Verhaltenstherapiemanual (5th ed.), (pp 163-167). Springer: Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75740-5_31.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing“ (EMDR) ist die Bezeichnung für eine psychotherapeutische Methode, die von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro entwickelt wurde (Shapiro 1998). Das Grundprinzip von EMDR besteht darin, dass die Person sich auf eine traumatische Erinnerung und die damit verbundenen Gedanken und Körperempfindungen konzentriert, während gleichzeitig die Aufmerksamkeit auf einen äußeren Reiz gelenkt wird. Ursprünglich glaubte Shapiro, dass die Induktion von schnellen rhythmischen Augenbewegungen entscheidend für die Wirkung des Verfahrens sei; es zeigte sich aber, dass auch akustische oder taktile Stimulierungen eine ähnliche Wirkung haben. Dennoch wurde die Bezeichnung EMDR als "Markenname“ beibehalten.

"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is the name of the psychotherapeutic method that was developed by American psychologist Francine Shapiro (Shapiro 1998). The basic principle of EMDR is that the person to a traumatic memory and the related thoughts and body sensations concentrated while the attention is directed to an external stimulus. Shapiro originally thought that the induction of rapid rhythmic eye movements essential for the effect of the procedure was, it turned out, however, that even acoustic or tactile stimuli have a similar effect have. Nevertheless, the term EMDR has been retained as a "brand name".

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Schubbe, O. (2009). "Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing" (EMDR). In A. Maercker (Ed.), Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen (3.Auflage) (pp. 285-300). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88489-7_17.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Trobisch-Lutge, S. (2010, July). "I am a consequential damage of detention" - Protreacted non-determinability in the reconstruction of traumatic experiences in the descendants of victims of political persecution byt the SED dictatorship in the GDR. Symposium (Samin Karim, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The descendants of the political persecution by the SED dictatorship in the GDR are in many ways involved in the history of the persecution of their parents. 20 years after the “Wende” the reconstruction of parental distress is distinguished by a high degree of protracted non - determinability. The descendants own traumatic experiences often join fragmented, unsettling memory segments of the parental generation. Confusing persecution practices of the Stasi have often caused grave personal uncertainties and as a consequence, have spread doubts until today about the reliability of autobiographical memories. Internal decision making and processing while living under the conditions of a dictatorship - which included how to deal with their own children, and the external influences of the persecuted parental generation are, from the viewpoint of the descendants, difficult to distinguish from each other. A successful EMDR treatment is - in case of the emotional distress of the descendants of political traumatised people - connected to a process of resolving perplex memory contents. Perpetrator-victim-collusions, which are often found in affected families, add to a concatenation of cumulative traumatic events. The non - determinability in the reconstruction of traumatic experiences cause the formation of traumatic complexes which negatively influence future events in the life of the descendants. Based on interview details of a qualitative study with descendants of victims of political persecution by the SED dictatorship in which the possibilities of handling the more difficult determination of initial traumatic events are discussed. By means of this the author clarifies the central themes of a disconcerting reconstruction of the victim’s parental and own biography.

Keywords: GRD Political Persecution SED Dictatorship Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. アナ M. ゴメス (著), 市井雅哉 (監訳), 角慎作 (イラスト), 大塚美菜子 (翻訳). (2009). こわかったあの日にバイバイ! [Dark, bad day...go away!]. 作者 [Author].

Language: Chinese

Format: Audio

Abstract:
トラウマの治療法として注目を集める、「眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法（EMDR）」を子ども向けに絵本形式で解説。治療することの重要性と、治療によって心が軽くなることを説明しており、治療の導入として最適。臨床心理士をはじめとする、子どものトラウマ治療に関わる関係者必携の書。
内容（「BOOK」データベースより）どうやって、子どもにトラウマとEMDRについて説明すればいいだろう?どうしたら、EMDRを用いたトラウマ記憶の再処理へ子どもを動機づけることができるだろう?どうしたら、EMDRの効果について子どもに理解してもらうことができるだろう?本書は、これらすべての質問に答えることができる。

Attention as a treatment for trauma, and described in picture book format for children "by eye movement reprocessing and desensitization (EMDR)" the. It is a discussion of the importance of treating, that the mind is made lightly by the treatment, as the introduction of the best treatment. Book of stakeholders involved must-have to, including clinical psychologists, to trauma treatment of children.
Contents ("BOOK" from the database). When you have to do? Would be able how, once you have it do? Would be nice if describes EMDR and trauma to the child, to motivate the child to re-processing of the trauma memory using EMDR, to understand the children about the effects of EMDR and in this manual will be able to get to, it is possible to answer all of these questions.

Keywords: Children Trauma

Accuracy Verified: No

9. フランシーンシャピロ, マーゴット・シルクフォレスト, 市井雅哉 (翻訳) [Shapiro, F., and Forrest, M. S. (Ichii Masaya translator)] (2006年2月). トラウマからの解放:EMDR [EMDR: The breakthrough therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress and trauma]. 大阪：Nikeisha.

Language: Japanese

Format: Book

Abstract:
EMDR、または眼球運動脱感作と再処理、目の動きやハンドタップなどのリズミカルな刺激を利用して外傷の犠牲者を治療するための新しい非伝統的な、非常に短期的な治療法です。シャピロ氏は、臨床心理学者と仲間のアプローチを開発したカリフォルニア州パロアルトで、精神研究所で、これのようにわずか3として90分EMDRセッションは、患者の無効化の不安を軽減した例が報告されます。彼女は1987年に技術を開発する方法説明して、シャピロ氏は、治療について説明しますように機能するかについて、なぜ研究を支援し引き合いに出して推理。彼女はリズミカルな刺激は、プロセスのジャンプに固有の起動することを示唆していると、それらはとても自然治癒を始めることが立ち往生している外傷体験の処理を開始して犠牲者を有効にするには脳の情報処理システムを加速させます。ライターForrestは手法の有効性を実証する数多くのEMDRトレーニングを積んだセラピストによるケーススタディを掴んで提示？とりわけ、心的外傷後ストレスとベトナムのベテランは、夜の恐怖、レイプ被害者の母親と子供もほぼ悲しみに麻痺息子の死の翌年。他の研究は、終末期の患者の成功を支援麻薬中毒者を報告する。

EMDR, or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, is a new, nontraditional, very short-term therapy for treating trauma victims that utilizes rhythmical stimulation such as eye movements or hand taps. Shapiro, a clinical psychologist and fellow at the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, Calif., who developed the approach, reports cases in which as few as three 90-minute EMDR sessions have relieved patients' disabling anxiety. Explaining how she developed the technique in 1987, Shapiro describes the treatment, theorizes about why it works and cites supporting research. She suggests that the rhythmical stimulation inherent in the process jump starts and accelerates the brain's information processing system to enable the victims to begin to process the traumatic experiences in which they have been stuck so that natural healing can begin. Writer Forrest presents gripping case studies from numerous EMDR-trained therapists to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique?among others, a Vietnam veteran with post-traumatic stress, a child with night terrors, a rape victim and a mother still nearly paralyzed with grief a year after her son's death. Other studies report success helping drug addicts and the terminally ill.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. Dibajnia, P., Reza Zahirodin, A., & Gheidar, Z. (2012). اثر حساسيت زدایي چشمي حرکتي بر اختلال استرس پس از سانحه [Eye-movement desensitization influence on post-traumatic stress disorder]. Pejouhandeh Journal, 16(7), 322-326.

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
چکيده سابقه و هدف: ا ختلال پس از سانحه ) Post traumatic stress disorder ( با شيوع 5 تاا 15 درصادي در واول زنادگي 3( ماي تواناد اثرات سوء و زيانباري بر فرد و جامعه وارد كند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي اثرحساسيت زداياي شایي حركتاي Eye movement desensitization reprocessing ( در كاهش نشانه هاي PTSD در اين دسته از بيیاران انجام شده است. مواد و روشها: تعداد 13 بيیار مبتلا به PTSD به وور تصادفي انتخاب و بوسيله روش EMDR تحت درماان رارار گرفتناد. اولاعاات جیعيت شناختي و نوع يادآوري حادثه به وسيله دو پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جیع آوري گرديد. هیچنين ميازان ضاربان رلاف، فشاار خون و تعداد تنفس اين بيیاران ربل و بعد از EMDR اندازه گيري گرديد. داده هاا باه وسايله نارم افازار SPSS.16 و روشاهاي آمااري توصيفي و مجذوركا مورد تجزيه و تحليل ررار گرفتند. یافته ها: 50 % گروه مورد مطالعه در رده سني 19 تا 19 سال ررار دارند و 10 % را زنان تشكيل ميدهند. EMDR به وور باارزي ناوع و گونگي يادآوري سانحه را تغيير داد. ميزان فشار خون، ضربان رلف و تعداد تنفس به وور معناداري هیراه با يادآوري ساانحه افازايش

Background: The 5% to 25% prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during life-time can cause irrefutable harms an individuals and society. This research carried out to examine; or not eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment can improve PTSD symptoms. Materials and methods: 71 patients (56 females and 15 males) have been selected randomly. Demographic and kind of trauma-reminding information were collected by two questionnaires. Blood pressure, Heart beating and Breathing numbers before and after EMDR were measured. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Q2 using SPSS software version 16. Results: 59% of patients were under 20-30 years old. 79% were females. According to the results, EMDR resulted to significant reduction of trauma reminding. Blood pressure, heart beating and breathing increased by trauma reminding significantly. ‍Conclusion: EMDR techniques promote improvement of negative symptoms of PTSD.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. محمد نريمانی * و سوران رجبی [Narimani, M., Ahari, S. S., & Rajabi, S.] (2010, Winter). مقايسه تاثير روش حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) با درمان شناختی ـ رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس [Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy therapeutic methods for reducing anxiety and depression of Iranian combatant afflicted by post traumatic stress disorder]. مجله علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، واحد پزشکی تهران، 19 (4), 236-245 [Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, 19(4(58)), 236-245].

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به ماهيت علامت محوربودن درمان دارويی، از روش های درمانی حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) و شناختی- رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس پس از ضربه (PTSD) استفاده می شود. هدف اين مطالعه بررسی تفاوت تاثير دو روش درمانی EMDR و CBT در اختلال استرس است. روش بررسی: در اين مطالعه مورد شاهدی 51 رزمنده مبتلا به PTSD بستری در بيمارستان ايثار اردبيل يا ساکن در شهر اردبيل به روش نمونه گيری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسيم شدند.روش مطالعه، آزمايشی گسترش يافته و طرح تحقيق از نوع پيش آزمون ـ پس آزمون چندگروهی بود. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل آزمون خاطره های آزاردهنده، مقياس براشفتگی ذهنی، مقياس شناخت واره های مثبت و مقياس اضطراب و افسردگی بيمارستانی بود. يافته ها: روش های درمانی EMDR و CBT باعث کاهش معنی داری در متغيرهای خاطره های آزاردهنده، اضطراب و افسردگی و برآشفتگی ذهنی شد و ميزان اعتماد به شناخت واره مثبت به طور معنی داری افزايش يافت. روش درمانی EMDR در مقايسه با CBT در کاهش علايم PTSD رزمندگان ايرانی موثرتر بود، با اين وجود هر دو روش در کاهش علايم اين اختلال موثر بودند. نتيجه گيری: با توجه به اثر درمانی EMDR و CBT در درمان PTSD، پيشنهاد می شود به منظور پيشگيری و کاهش علايم اختلال استرس پس از سانحه جنگ در رزمندگان ايرانی از روش های درمانی فوق در مراکز درمانی استفاده شود.

Background: According to symptom oriented of drug therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were increasingly used. The aim of this study was to compare effects of EMDR and CBT in acute stress. Materials and Methods : In this case-control study of 51 combat PTSD patients admitted to hospital or residing in the sacrifice of Ardabil Ardabil simple random sampling were selected randomly divided into three groups. Methods, expanded testing and research design type were tested before Chndgrvhy test. Test tools used included disturbing memories, anger scale, mental, cognitive scale Varh positive and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results : EMDR and CBT treatments significantly reduced the variables disturbing memories, anxiety and depression and mental frustration and level of confidence in recognizing the positive Varh significantly increased. EMDR therapy compared with CBT in reducing PTSD symptoms was more effective Iranian combatants, however, both methods were effective in reducing symptoms of this disorder. Conclusion : According to the therapeutic effect of EMDR and CBT in treating PTSD, is recommended to prevent and reduce symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder in war veterans of the Persian mentioned therapies used in treatment centers.

Keywords: Anxiety Anxiety Disorders CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Depressive Disorders Iranians Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. محمد نريماني ، سوران رجبي [Narimani, M., & Rajabi, S.] (2009). مقايسه ي تأثير روش حساسيت زدايي توأم با حركات چشم و پردازش مجدد در درمان اختلال استرس (CBT) با درمان شناختي رفتاري (EMDR) [Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy methods in the treatment of stress disorder]. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad University - Tehran Medical Branch, 19(4), 236-245.

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به ماهيت علامت محوربودن درمان دارويي، از روش هاي درماني حساسيت زدايي توأم با حركات چشم و استفاده مي شود. هدف اين (PTSD) در درمان اختلال استرس پس از ضربه (CBT) و شناختي- رفتاري (EMDR) پردازش مجدد در اختلال استرس است. CBT و EMDR مطالعه بررسي تفاوت تأثير دو روش درماني بستري در بيمارستان ايثار اردبيل يا ساكن در شهر اردبيل به PTSD روش بررسي:در اين مطالعه مورد شاهدي 51 رزمنده مبتلا به روش نمونه گيري تصادفي ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفي به سه گروه تقسيم شدند.روش مطالعه، آزمايشي گسترش يافته و طرح تحقيق از نوع پيش آزمون پس آزمون چندگروهي بود. ابزارهاي مورد استفاده شامل آزمون خاطره هاي آزاردهنده، مقياس برآشفتگي ذهني، مقياس شناخت واره هاي مثبت و مقياس اضطراب و افسردگي بيمارستاني بود. باعث كاهش معني داري در متغيرهاي خاطره هاي آزاردهنده، اضطراب و افسردگي و CBT و EMDR يافتهها: روش هاي درماني CBT در مقايسه با EMDR برآشفتگي ذهني شد و ميزان اعتماد به شناخت واره ي مثبت به طور معني داري افزايش يافت. روش درماني رزمندگان ايراني مؤثرتر بود، با اين وجود هر دو روش در كاهش علايم اين اختلال مؤثر بودند. PTSD در كاهش علايم پيشنهاد مي شود به منظور پيشگيري و كاهش علائم اختلال ،PTSD در درمان CBT و EMDR نتيجهگيري: با توجه به اثر درماني استرس پس از سانحه جنگ در رزمندگان ايراني از روش هاي درماني فوق در مراكز درماني استفاده شود.

Background: According to symptom oriented of drug therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were increasingly used. The aim of this study was to compare effects of EMDR and CBT in acute stress. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, 51 combatants with PTSD hospitalized in Isar Hospital of Ardabil province or were inhabited in Ardabil were randomly divided to three groups. The method was extended test method and study design was multi-group test-retest. Used tools included boring memories test, subjective units of distress or anxiety (SUD) scale, validity of cognitions (VOC) scale and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results: EMDR and CBT significantly decreased boring memories, mental distress, anxiety and depression, and also increased positive cognition. Although both EMDR and CBT caused significant reduction of anxiety and depression, EMDR was superior to CBT in reduction of PTSD symptoms of Iranian combatants. Conclusion: Regarding efficacy of EMDR and CBT in the treatment of PTSD , it is suggested to prevent and decrease symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Keywords: Anxiety Depression CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Subjective Units of Distress SUD Validity of Cognition VOC

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. محمد جواد احمدى زاده *، حسين اسکندری ، محمدرضا فلسفى نژاد و احمد برجعلی [Ahmadizadeh, M. J., Eskandari, H., Falsafinejad, M. R., & Borjali, A.] (2010, Fall). مقایسه اثر بخشی جنبش چشم "شناختی رفتاری" و " حساسیت زدایی بازفرآوری "مدل های درمان در بیماران مبتلا به جنگ پس از سانحه اختلال استرس [Comparison the effectiveness of “cognitive-behavioral” and “eye movement desensitization reprocessing” treatment models on patients with war posttraumatic stress disorder]. Iranian Journal of Military Medicine, 12(3), 173-178.

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Aims: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder which can develop after exposure to any event which results in psychological trauma. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most commonly used treatment for the disease and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a more rapid, relatively recent method. This study was designed with the aim of comparing the efficacy of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing method on reduction of specific symptoms and recovery in patients suffering from PTSD due to war. Methods: This experimental study was performed in year 2008. 45 veterans suffering from PTSD were divided randomly into three CBT, EMDR and control groups. Each of the mentioned groups contained 15 members. Two questionnaires including PTSD checklist-military version and symptom checklist 90 revised were applied in order to collect data. Data was analyzed using inferential statistical tests by SPSS 16. Results: Scores of CBT group and EMDR group had a significant difference from control group scores. Conclusion: Both models are effective on reduction of symptoms in PTSD.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. 朱品潔 [Chu Pin-Chieh, & Zhu Pinjie]. (1999). 個人失落與EMDR之介入：個案研究 [EMDR of personal loss and intervention: A Case Study]Educational Psychology and Counseling]. National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Taiwan.

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
本研究的目的是探索的眼動脫敏和再處理（EMDR）的干預治療結果與個人的損失。通過深入了解客戶的主觀經驗和在整個治療過程中不斷變化的課程，研究人員打算證明 EMDR的治療 efficaciously幫助客戶克服個人損失的創傷，重拾信心和活力。研究人員採訪了客戶端是誰願意分享他的生活和EMDR的治療經驗，通過一個半結構化的問卷。與客戶的許可，研究人員已經獲得了客戶的臨床記錄。有條不紊地綜合各種數據後，研究人員已開發出的情況下提出的生活經驗和客戶端的EMDR的治療干預的描述。研究者分析了廣義的數據，客戶端的適應性應對整個 EMDR的治療過程，並討論了從精神科醫生和其他輔導員干預的影響。（作者摘要）

The purpose of this study is to explore the treatment outcomes from the intervention of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with personal loss. Through in-depth understanding of the client’s subjective experiences and changing courses throughout the entire therapeutic process, the researcher intends to prove that EMDR therapy has efficaciously helped the client overcome the trauma from personal loss and regain confidence and vitality. The researcher has interviewed a client who is willing to share his life and EMDR therapy experiences through a semi-structured questionnaire. With the client’s permission, the researcher has obtained the client’s clinical records. After methodically synthesizing the various data, the researcher has developed a case description presenting both the life experience and the intervention of EMDR therapy of the client. The researcher has analyzed the data, generalized the client’s adaptive coping processes throughout EMDR therapy and discussed the effects from the psychiatrist’s and other counselors’ interventions. (Author's abstract)

Keywords: Case Study Dissociation Personal Loss

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. 福井義一 [Fukui Yoshikazu]. (2007年3月). 催眠とEMDRの併用と統合的使用(その1)書痙の訴えから母子関係におけるトラウマの再処理へ移行した事例を通して[The combined and integrative use of hypnosis and EMDR (1) From a case study in which treatment focus shifts from graphospasm to reprocessing of mother-child relationship]. 臨床催眠の日本誌、8、55から64 [Japanese Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 8, 55-64] .

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Hypnosis Mother-Child Relationship

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. 陈维樑 [Chen Wei-Liang]. (2008, 年10月[October]). 复杂哀伤,EMDR和“人格结构性解体”理论 [Complicated grief, EMDR and the "structural disintegration of personality" theory]. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress for Psychotherapy, Beijing, China.

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the "Structural Dissociation of the Personality" as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various aspects of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the "Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality". The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different aspects of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. (Presented in English)

Keywords: Complication Grief Personality Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. 大河原美以 [Mii Ogawara]. (2008年6月). 子どもの心理治療にEMDRを利用することの意味―感情制御の発達不全と親子のコミュニケーション―大河原美以 [Clinical meaning of EMDR for psychological treatment of children: Failure of development in emotional control and parent-child communication]. こころのりんしょう第27巻02号 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 27(2), 293-298] .

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Children Emotional Control Failure to Develop Parent-Child Communication

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. 太田茂行[Ota Shigeyuki]. (1999). 家庭内暴力(情緒的虐待)を受けていた女性のエンパワメント [Clinical empowerment of women who suffered from domestics violence (emotional abuse)] . こころの臨床ア・ラカルト、18（1）、 42-47 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 18(1), 42-47].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Domestic Violence Empowerment Emotional Abuse Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. 天野玉記 , 精山明敏 , 十一元三 [Amano Tamaki, Seiyama Akitoshi, and Toichi Motomi]. (2010年1月). 左右の交互刺激を用いた幻肢痛治療法により慢性痛が改善した症例 [Phantom limb pain protocol of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for chronic pain: A case report]. 日本ペインクリニック学会誌 17(1), 29-33 [Journal of Pain Clinicians, 17 (1), 29-33].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Phantom Limb Pain Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. [Chang Sue-Hwang, & Lin C.-P.]. （2004年9月）. 從快速眼動到EM在EMDR的：跳視眼球運動和變化的語義關係的強度 [From REM to EM in EMDR: Saccadic eye movements and change of strength of semantic associations]. 在提交的文件第43次年度會議在台灣心理學會，研討會焦慮症：心理素質，調解員和治療問題。政大大學，台北，台灣，9月26日。（國科會92 -2815- C型002 -072- H）的 [Presentation at the 43rd Annual Conferences on Taiwan Psychological Association, Symposium on Anxiety Disorders: Diatheses, Mediators and Therapeutic Implications. Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan, September 26. (NSC 92-2815-C-002-072-H)].

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
研讨会焦虑症：糖尿病，调解员和治疗的影响;（国科会92 - 2825 -架C - 002 - 072 - H）的研究背景及目的：本研究从快速眼动睡眠的眼动脱敏和再加工（EMDR）治疗的可能机制依赖内存后处理模型（夏皮罗，1995年; Stickgold，2002年）的建议，通过睡眠诱导活化的弱协会在REM国家和新兴市场在联想记忆改变运作为REM睡眠融入一般语义记忆创伤的情节记忆。该协会的新兴市场对语义变化的影响后，跳视眼球运动是双边审查了本研究。方法：22名大学生被招募参加者。通过语义启动的任务，一个2（眼球运动情况：水平跳视眼球运动主场迎战没有眼球运动）× 2（语义关联的强度：强主场迎战弱）因子之间的题目设计进行审查的EM在变化的影响强度为否定词的语义联想。为负的刺激弱协会primeability改变反对强者来，根据不同的电磁环境进行了比较。结果：2 × 2方差分析结果表明了显着的主要电磁效应和电磁×语义联想实力显着交互作用，显示弱吸大大超过了强大的电磁吸后，而恰恰相反后非统。结论：研究结果呼应快速眼动睡眠相关记忆加工模式，认为在EMDR电磁可能反映了联想记忆系统通过激活不同的语义相关的词负语义节点协会不同强度的转变。对心理治疗的可能性和未来研究的结果所造成的影响进行了讨论。

Symposium on Anxiety Disorders: Diabetes, Mediators and Therapeutic Implications; (NSC 92-2825-C-002-072-H) Research background & aims: This study examined possible therapeutic mechanisms of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) from REM-sleep dependent memory reprocessing model (Shapiro, 1995; Stickgold, 2002) that proposed that sleep induced change in associative memory via activation of weak association during REM state and EMs functioned as REM sleep to integrate the episodic memory of trauma into general semantic memory. The effect of EM on change of semantic associations after saccadic bilateral eye movements was examined in the present study. Methods: Twenty two college students were recruited as participants. Via semantic priming task, a 2 (eye movement condition: horizontal saccadic eye movements vs. no eye movements) × 2 (strength of semantic association: strong vs. weak) between subject factorial design was performed to examine the effect of EM on change of strength of semantic association for negative words. Change of primeability of weak associations for negative stimuli as opposed to that of strong ones under different EM conditions was compared. Results: The 2 × 2 ANOVA showed a significant main effect for EM and a significant interaction effect of EM × strength of semantic association, indicating that weak priming significantly exceeded strong priming after EM, while the opposite was true after non-EM. Conclusions: The results echoed REM-sleep dependent memory reprocessing model, suggesting that EM in EMDR might reflect a shift in associative memory systems by activating different strength of associations of negative semantic nodes for different semantically related words. The implications of the results for psychotherapy and future research possibilities are discussed.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD REM REM-Sleep Dependent Memory Reprocessing Model Saccadic Eye Movement Semantic Association Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. 菅原, 正和芦澤, 志帆子田山, 淳 [Sugawara Masakazu, Ashizawa Shihoko, & Tayama Jun]. (2000). 心理療法におけるEMDR(Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing のメカニズム(II): saccadeの問題 [An analysis of stimulous conditions on EMDR protocol (II): Saccadic eye movements]. 教育、岩手県、60の大学（2）、49から59の学部年報 [Annual report of the Faculty of Education, University of Iwate, 60(2), 49-59].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Saccadic Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. 菅原正和・田山淳 [Masakazu Sugawara, Shihoko Ashizawa, and Jun Tayama]. (2000). 心理療法におけるEMDR(Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)のメカニズム(I) : EMDRプロトコルの刺激条件に関する生理心理学的検討 [The organic mechanisms of EMDR in psychotherapy (I): An analysis of stimulous conditions on EMDR protocol]. 教育、岩手県、60の大学（1）、1-9学部研究年報 [Annual report of the Faculty of Education, University of Iwate, 60(1), 1-9].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Mechanisms of Action

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. 市井雅哉 [Ichii Masaya]. (1994). 心的外傷後ストレス障害（PTSD）の治療：行動療法、認知行動療法と眼球運動desensitizationと再処理（EMDR） [Therapies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Behavior therapy, cognitive-behavior therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. 成虫（5）8、110から123 [Imago, (5)8, 110-123].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Behavior Therapy Cognitive Behavior Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. 大河原美以 [Mii Ogawara] (2010年1月). 感情制御の発達不全とその回復--嘔吐経験がトラウマとなった小学生事例の治療経過から (第1土曜特集原始感覚と情動--生体防御系としての情動機構とその破綻) [Under developed affect regulation and therapeutic process: Case reports of the children who were traumatized by the experiences of vomiting]. 医学のあゆみ 232(1), 33-37 [History of Medicine, 232(1), 33-37].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Elementary School Emotional Regulation Vomiting

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. Qian Ge (2009). 汶川震后心理危机的早期干预:文献综述与评价 [Early mental crisis intervention to post-disaster in Wenchuan Earthquake: Literature review and evaluation]. 兰州学刊 2009年第03期 [Lanzhou Academic Journal, 3].

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
四）眼动脱敏再加工技术（Eye Movement Desensitizationand Reprocessing，EMDR）EMDR是一种可以在短短数次晤谈之后，便可在不用药物的情形下，有效减轻心理创伤程度及重建希望和信心的治疗方法。其治疗程序包括了八个阶段，具体见表4：表4眼动脱敏再加工技

(Fourthly, EMDR is a treatment which can effectively alleviate the psychological trauma and rebuild hope and confidence after a short period of time for treatment without medication. The treatment procedure includes eight stages, which are shown in details in the table.)

Keywords: Crisis Intervention Literature Review: Wenchuan Earthquake

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. 市井雅哉, 熊野宏昭 [Ichii Masaya, and Kumano Hiroaki]. (1999). 特集にあたって ―EMDR（眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法）について― [Some points on EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)]. こころの臨床ア・ラカルト、18（1）、3-6 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 18(1), 3-6].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract: No abstract available.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. 孙海霞，杨蕴萍 [Sun Hai Xia, Yang Yun Ping]. (2004, August). 眼动脱敏与再加工治疗现状 [The psychotherapy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. 中国临床心理学杂志，2004，12（3）：324 [Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12(3), 324-326].

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
眼动脱敏与再加工(Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ,以下简称EMDR) 由Francine Shapiro 于1987 年创立,最初仅为眼动脱敏( EMD) ,1991 年发展为眼动脱敏与再加工,其中眼动脱敏仅是EMDR 中双侧刺激的一种,而双侧刺激是EMDR 操作中众多组分的一部分。EMDR 是一种整合的心理疗法,它借鉴了控制论(cybernetics) 、精神分析、行为、认知、生理学等多种学派的精华,建构了加速信息处理的模式,帮助患者迅速降低焦虑,并且诱导积极情感、唤起患者对内的洞察、观念转变和行为改变以及加强内部资源,使患者能够达到理想的行为和人际关系改变[1 ] 。本文拟对EMDR 的有关机理与实践应用作一综述。

(Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, hereinafter referred to as EMDR) Francine Shapiro in 1987 by the creation of an initial eye movement desensitization only (EMD), 1991 years of development for the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, which EMDR eye movement desensitization only in a bilateral stimulation, and EMDR bilateral stimulation is part of the operation of many components. EMDR is an integrated psychological therapy, which draw on the control theory (cybernetics), psychoanalysis, behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and other schools of the essence of information processing to speed up construction of the model, to help patients rapidly reduce anxiety, and induce positive affect, arouse patients insight into the internal, the concept of change and behavior change and the strengthening of internal resources, so that patients can achieve the desired changes in behavior and interpersonal relationships [1]. This paper about the mechanism of EMDR reviews the application and practice.

Keywords: Mechanism of Action Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. 張素凰、李元華 [Chang Sue-Hwang, & Li Yuan-Hua]. (2003年，10月). 眼動和情緒：眼球運動的作用在治療機制 EMDR的。 [Eye movement and emotionality: The role of eye movement in the therapeutic mechanism of EMDR]. 論文發表在第42屆大會的中國心理學會，輔仁大學，台灣 [Presentation at the 42nd annual conference of the Chinese Psychological Association, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan] NSC 91-2815-C-002-125-H.

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Shapiro 認為演動訊息在處理法（EMDR）治療程序中規律的多次快速動眼作業有助於創傷記憶的處理 (Shapiro, 1989a)，但其可能涉及的療效機制之研究尚少。本研究擬從工作記憶模式的角度來探討動眼作業在 EMDR 的療效機制。根據工作記憶模式(working memory model)，動眼作業可視為一種爭奪工作記憶中視覺和空間訊息處理能力(VSSP)系統資源的干擾作業。因此，當回憶創傷事件時，施以動眼作業可降低創傷受害者對於創傷事件記憶的清晰程度，並降低患者對於創傷事件的情緒反應，以達到某種程度的治療目的。實驗一（N = 120）採動眼作業（有、無）× 圖片的性質（正向、負向）× 時間（前測、後測）的三因子混合設計，依變項為圖片影像的清晰度與情緒感受度。實驗二（N = 120）採動眼作業（有、無）× 刺激材料的性質（圖片、影片）× 時間（前測、後測）的三因子混合設計，依變項同實驗一。實驗一與實驗二的結果皆顯示，如同工作記憶模式的預期，動眼作業造成VSSP 所同時處理的影像訊息的清晰度降低，此結果與工作記憶模式的預期一致。另外，本研究亦顯示動眼作業亦造成情緒感受度降低。上述結果顯示動眼作業可能具有臨床治療上的功效，且可藉由工作記憶模式瞭解其療效機制。本研究亦對結果所顯示的意義與未來研究方向提出討論

Eye‐movement desensitization‐reprocessing therapy (EMDR) has recently been the new effective technique to treat post‐traumatic stress disorder and other disorders. Contrasted with other psychotherapies, eye‐movements are the novel component. According to the working memory model, eye‐movements could reduce the vividness of distressing images and the intensity of the emotion associated with the images. In this study, we designed two experiments to test the effects of eye‐ movements on vividness and emotionality of imagery. In Experiment 1, with positive and negative photos as stimuli, the results showed that eye movements significantly reduced the vividness and emotionality of traumatic images. In Experiment 2, with negative photos and negative films as stimuli, we also found eye‐movements significantly reduced the vividness and emotionality of traumatic images. The implications and future research possibilities are discussed.

Keywords: Emotionality Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Vividness Working Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. 李元華 [Li Yuan-Hua]. (2008). 眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法中的療效機制探討：干擾自然眼動對回憶的影響 [The therapeutic mechanism of eye movements in EMDR: The effect of interrupting spontaneous eye movements during recollections]. 國立台灣大學心理學研究所，台灣 [National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Psychology, Taiwan].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
李元華眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法中的療效機制探討：干擾自然眼動對回憶的影響臺灣大學
本研究探討雙側眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法(Eye movement Desensitization and reprocessing; EMDR)中的所扮演的角色，過去研究認為雙側眼動可以降低回憶時的影像鮮明度與情緒強度。本研究除了擬再次驗證此一論點外，同時也提出進一步的假設：雙側眼動干擾了個體在回憶創傷經驗時的自然眼動，進而降低其在回憶時的影像畫面清晰度以及情緒強度。參與者為132名的修習普通心理學的台大學生。本研究操弄三種不同的眼動方式來探討不同的眼動干擾對正、負向自傳式回憶的影像鮮明程度、情緒強度以及心跳速率的影響，並且也記錄了參與者在回憶時自然眼動的方向性，即CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements)。本研究所操弄的眼動變項為眼動組、凝視組以及自然回憶組，眼動組又可分為水平眼動以及垂直眼動二操弄組、凝視組又可分為左凝視與右凝視二操弄組。結果顯示CLEMs的方向性在正負向回憶中是一致的，整體來說偏右向次數大於左向，此並不符合情緒側化理論或情緒右腦理論。另外，相較於非眼動組，眼動組對鮮明度與情緒強度的下降程度最大，凝視組次之，自然回憶組則有上升趨勢。在眼動組中水平或垂直眼動的操弄在鮮明度與情緒強度上並無差異，而凝視組中的右凝視操弄組對影像鮮明度以及情緒強度的下降程度較左凝視操弄組大，此結果並不支持水平雙側眼動的特別療效，也不支持情緒側化理論，而較可能支持情緒右腦理論。在負向回憶時的心跳速率指標方面，眼動組並無上升趨勢，但非眼動組則有上升趨勢出現。研究結果支持眼動干擾了個體在回憶創傷經驗時的自然眼動，進而降低其在回憶時的影像畫面清晰度以及情緒強度。本研究最後對各眼動理論做了討論以提出整合性的觀點。

This study examines the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Previous studies have pointed that eye movements could decrease the vividness and emotionality during imagery. Besides replicating previous studies, this study proposes a hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Participants are 132 NTU undergraduate students enrolled in the general psychology course. This study manipulates three conditions of eye movements in order to realize the effect of different interruptions to vividness, emotionality and heart rate during positive and negative autobiographic recollections. It also records the directions of spontaneous eye movements during recall, namely CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements). The three conditions of the experiment are eye movement, gaze and mere imagery conditions. The eye movement condition is divided into horizontal and vertical movement groups and the gaze condition is divided into left and right gaze groups. Results show that the directions of CLEMs in positive and negative recollections are coherent, however the numbers of rightward gazes are more than leftward gazes. The valence-specific laterality hypothesis and the right hemisphere hypothesis of emotion both are not supported by the findings of CLEMs. In addition, the strongest interruption of vividness and emotionality is eye movement condition, followed by the gaze condition, while increasing in mere imagery condition. Vividness and emotionality are not significantly different between the horizontal and the vertical eye movement groups in the eye movement condition, however, the interruption of vividness and emotionality in the right gaze group is stronger than the left gaze group. According to these findings, the special effect of horizontal eye movements is not supported, neither is valence-specific laterality hypothesis. However, The right hemisphere hypothesis may be supported. In negative recollections, the heart rate does not have any trend in the eye movement condition, but increasing in gaze condition and nearly increasing in mere imagery condition. In summary, the results support the hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Lastly, the study discusses the theories of eye movements in EMDR, and proposes an integrated perspective.[Author abstract]

Keywords: Autobiographic Memory Eye Movement Valence-Specific Hypothesis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

30. 李元華 [Li YuanHua] (2008). 眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法中的療效機制探討：干擾自然眼動對回憶的影響 [The Therapeutic Mechanism of Eye Movements in EMDR: The effect of interrupting spontaneous eye movements during recollections]. 國立台灣大學，台灣 [National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of PsychologyTaiwan].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
本研究探討的作用眼球運動在眼動脫敏和再加工（EMDR的）。以往的研究指出，眼球運動能降低生動性和情感中的圖像。除了複製以前的研究，本研究提出一個假設：雙側眼球運動中斷了病人的自發性眼球運動創傷的回憶中，減少了生動性和情感性的意象。參加者為 132台大本科生參加了普通心理學課程。本研究操縱三個條件眼球運動，以實現不同的效果中斷生動，情緒和心率在正面和負面的自傳回憶。它也記錄眼球運動方向的自發召回期間，即克萊姆斯（共軛側眼動）。這三個條件的實驗是眼球運動，僅僅是圖像的目光和條件。眼動條件分為水平和垂直運動的團體和凝視條件分為左，右的目光群體。結果表明，該方向的克萊姆斯在正面和負面的回憶是一致的，但數字的右向左凝視超過凝視。價的具體偏側假說和右半球假說的情感都是不支持的調查結果克萊姆斯。此外，最強的中斷生動，情感的是眼睛的運行狀況，其次是凝視條件，而僅僅是提高圖像的條件。生動性和情緒之間沒有顯著不同的水平和垂直眼球運動團體在眼球運動狀況，但是，中斷的生動性和情緒在右凝視組強於左側凝視小組。根據這些發現，特效水平眼球運動不支持，也不是價的具體偏側假說。然而，右半球假說可能得到支持。在負的回憶，心率沒有任何的趨勢，在眼球運動的條件，但越來越多的目光幾乎增加條件和單純的意象條件。總之，結果支持這一假設：雙側眼球運動中斷了病人的自發性眼球運動創傷的回憶中，減少了生動性和情感性的意象。最後，本研究探討的理論眼球運動在EMDR的，並提出一個綜合觀點。

This study examines the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Previous studies have pointed that eye movements could decrease the vividness and emotionality during imagery. Besides replicating previous studies, this study proposes a hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Participants are 132 NTU undergraduate students enrolled in the general psychology course. This study manipulates three conditions of eye movements in order to realize the effect of different interruptions to vividness, emotionality and heart rate during positive and negative autobiographic recollections. It also records the directions of spontaneous eye movements during recall, namely CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements). The three conditions of the experiment are eye movement, gaze and mere imagery conditions. The eye movement condition is divided into horizontal and vertical movement groups and the gaze condition is divided into left and right gaze groups. Results show that the directions of CLEMs in positive and negative recollections are coherent, however the numbers of rightward gazes are more than leftward gazes. The valence-specific laterality hypothesis and the right hemisphere hypothesis of emotion both are not supported by the findings of CLEMs. In addition, the strongest interruption of vividness and emotionality is eye movement condition, followed by the gaze condition, while increasing in mere imagery condition. Vividness and emotionality are not significantly different between the horizontal and the vertical eye movement groups in the eye movement condition, however, the interruption of vividness and emotionality in the right gaze group is stronger than the left gaze group. According to these findings, the special effect of horizontal eye movements is not supported, neither is valence-specific laterality hypothesis. However, The right hemisphere hypothesis may be supported. In negative recollections, the heart rate does not have any trend in the eye movement condition, but increasing in gaze condition and nearly increasing in mere imagery condition. In summary, the results support the hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Lastly, the study discusses the theories of eye movements in EMDR, and proposes an integrated perspective.

Keywords: Autobiographic Memory Valence-Specific Hypothesis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. 李元華, 張素凰 [Li Yuan-Hua, & Chang Sue Hwang] (2008). 眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法中的療效機制探討：干擾自然 [The therapeutic mechanism of eye movements in EMDR: the effect of interrupting spontaneous eye movements during recollections]. 臺灣大學:心理學研究所 [Taiwan: Institute of Psychology].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
本研究探討雙側眼動在眼動減敏訊息再處理法(Eye movement Desensitization and reprocessing; EMDR)中的所扮演的角色，過去研究認為雙側眼動可以降低回憶時的影像鮮明度與情緒強度。本研究除了擬再次驗證此一論點外，同時也提出進一步的假設：雙側眼動干擾了個體在回憶創傷經驗時的自然眼動，進而降低其在回憶時的影像畫面清晰度以及情緒強度。參與者為132 名的修習普通心理學的台大學生。本研究操弄三種不同的眼動方式來探討不同的眼動干擾對正、負向自傳式回憶的影像鮮明程度、情緒強度以及心跳速率的影響，並且也記錄了參與者在回憶時自然眼動的方向性，即CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements)。本研究所操弄的眼動變項為眼動組、凝視組以及自然回憶組，眼動組又可分為水平眼動以及垂直眼動二操弄組、凝視組又可分為左凝視與右凝視二操弄組。結果顯示CLEMs 的方向性在正負向回憶中是一致的，整體來說偏右向次數大於左向，此並不符合情緒側化理論或情緒右腦理論。另外，相較於非眼動組，眼動組對鮮明度與情緒強度的下降程度最大，凝視組次之，自然回憶組則有上升趨勢。在眼動組中水平或垂直眼動的操弄在鮮明度與情緒強度上並無差異，而凝視組中的右凝視操弄組對影像鮮明度以及情緒強度的下降程度較左凝視操弄組大，此結果並不支持水平雙側眼動的特別療效，也不支持情緒側化理論，而較可能支持情緒右腦理論。在負向回憶時的心跳速率指標方面，眼動組並無上升趨勢，但非眼動組則有上升趨勢出現。研究結果支持眼動干擾了個體在回憶創傷經驗時的自然眼動，進而降低其在回憶時的影像畫面清晰度以及情緒強度。本研究最後對各眼動理論做了討論以提出整合性的觀點。

This study examines the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Previous studies have pointed that eye movements could decrease the vividness and emotionality during imagery. Besides replicating previous studies, this study proposes a hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Participants are 132 NTU undergraduate students enrolled in the general psychology course. This study manipulates three conditions of eye movements in order to realize the effect of different interruptions to vividness, emotionality and heart rate during positive and negative autobiographic recollections. It also records the directions of spontaneous eye movements during recall, namely CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements). The three conditions of the experiment are eye movement, gaze and mere imagery conditions. The eye movement condition is divided into horizontal and vertical movement groups and the gaze condition is divided into left and right gaze groups. Results show that the directions of CLEMs in positive and negative recollections are coherent, however the numbers of rightward gazes are more than leftward gazes. The valence-specific laterality hypothesis and the right hemisphere hypothesis of emotion both are not supported by the findings of CLEMs. In addition, the strongest interruption of vividness and emotionality is eye movement condition, followed by the gaze condition, while increasing in mere imagery condition. Vividness and emotionality are not significantly different between the horizontal and the vertical eye movement groups in the eye movement condition, however, the interruption of vividness and emotionality in the right gaze group is stronger than the left gaze group. According to these findings, the special effect of horizontal eye movements is not supported, neither is valence-specific laterality hypothesis. However, The right hemisphere hypothesis may be supported. In negative recollections, the heart rate does not have any trend in the eye movement condition, but increasing in gaze condition and nearly increasing in mere imagery condition. In summary, the results support the hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Lastly, the study discusses the theories of eye movements in EMDR, and proposes an integrated perspective.This study examines the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Previous studies have pointed that eye movements could decrease the vividness and emotionality during imagery. Besides replicating previous studies, this study proposes a hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Participants are 132 NTU undergraduate students enrolled in the general psychology course. This study manipulates three conditions of eye movements in order to realize the effect of different interruptions to vividness, emotionality and heart rate during positive and negative autobiographic recollections. It also records the directions of spontaneous eye movements during recall, namely CLEMs (Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements). The three conditions of the experiment are eye movement, gaze and mere imagery conditions. The eye movement condition is divided into horizontal and vertical movement groups and the gaze condition is divided into left and right gaze groups. Results show that the directions of CLEMs in positive and negative recollections are coherent, however the numbers of rightward gazes are more than leftward gazes. The valence-specific laterality hypothesis and the right hemisphere hypothesis of emotion both are not supported by the findings of CLEMs. In addition, the strongest interruption of vividness and emotionality is eye movement condition, followed by the gaze condition, while increasing in mere imagery condition. Vividness and emotionality are not significantly different between the horizontal and the vertical eye movement groups in the eye movement condition, however, the interruption of vividness and emotionality in the right gaze group is stronger than the left gaze group. According to these findings, the special effect of horizontal eye movements is not supported, neither is valence-specific laterality hypothesis. However, The right hemisphere hypothesis may be supported. In negative recollections, the heart rate does not have any trend in the eye movement condition, but increasing in gaze condition and nearly increasing in mere imagery condition. In summary, the results support the hypothesis: bilateral eye movements interrupt the patients’ spontaneous eye movements during traumatic recollections and decrease the vividness and emotionality of imagery. Lastly, the study discusses the theories of eye movements in EMDR, and proposes an integrated perspective.

Keywords: autobiographic Memory Eye Movements Valence-Specific Hypothesis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. 陳致豪 [Chen Chih-Hao]. (2004). 眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效 [The efficacy of eye movement and positive cognition components of EMDR in the treatment of cockroach phobia]. 國立台灣大學心理學研究所 [National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Psychology].

Language: Chinese

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
陳致豪眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效
眼動減敏訊息再處理法（Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; EMDR）是Shapiro（1989a, 1989b）所發展的一套治療方法，最早被用來治療創傷後壓力疾患（post traumatic stress disorder; PTSD，後來也被認為對其他心理疾患具有療效。雖然Shapiro認為眼動程序可以加速訊息處理並降低個案的焦慮與困擾，不同治療變項的療效仍待由控制性研究法進一步釐清。本研究以部分減除（dismantling）的方式，運用實驗法來探討「眼動」與「正向認知」對懼蟑症治療效果的影響。藉2（有眼動、無眼動）× 2（正向認知、減敏延長）受試者間設計，探討單一治療次對懼蟑症者的治療效果。受試者為自大樣本篩選出的40名懼怕蟑螂的大學女生。研究結果顯示治療程序的主要效果顯著，四組的療效相當。在治療階段中，受試者主觀害怕程度、對負向認知之相信程度皆呈顯著的線性下降；對正向認知之相信程度則僅眼動組呈顯著線性上升。雖然生理指標（心跳速率）在前測時顯著較基線時高，而在後測時回復至接近基線水準，但就微觀歷程分析，治療階段中各組之心跳速率變化為，在第一階段內逐漸上升，階段間休息時心跳速率略為降低，在第二階段開始又逐漸上升。本研究結果亦顯示，就微觀的治療歷程（micro process）而言，在正向認知的治療情境中，僅眼動組的受試者對正向認知之相信程度逐漸提高。在治療效果上，雖曝露法（exposure）本身便具有療效；但眼動能夠進一步促進受試者第二階段中正向認知的相信程度（可能藉由促進訊息處理）。就巨觀的療效指標而言，雖然單一治療次在各組皆有顯著的療效，但是正向認知對療效的影響無組別差異，該療效指標可能需要較多的治療次始能反映出來。本研究亦就研究結果所顯示的意義與未來的研究方向提出討論

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989a, 1989b) was initially used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and later has been thought to be effective in treating other psychological disorders also. Shapiro suggested that eye movement procedure could accelerate information processing and further reduced the client’s anxiety and disturbance. However, psychotherapy evaluation regarding crucial therapeutic parameters awaits elucidation. This dismantling study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of eye movement and positive cognition on phobias. Specifically, via a 2×2 between subject design, with “eye movement/non eye movement” and “treatment process” being two independent variables, a total of 40 female university students with fear of cockroaches were screened and recruited from introductory psychology class to explore the treatment effect of those two components. The results showed that, according to macro therapeutic indices, the effect of therapy was significant, and was not significantly different among groups. As to micro treatment process, while the participants’ SUDs decreased linearly, and so did the negative cognition VOCs, the positive cognition VOCs increased linearly only for the eye movement condition. In addition, while for macro index, the physical index, heart rate, was significantly higher at pre-test than at baseline and returned to baseline at post-test, the process measures indicated that heart rate increased during the first treatment stage, returned during rest period, and increased again during the second treatment stage. According to the micro process, the results also suggested that when presented with positive cognition participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions increased only for the eye movement condition. As to the therapeutic effects, although exposure by itself might be effective, eye movement could further promote participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions at the second treatment stage, probably by facilitating information processing. Nonetheless, regarding macro therapeutic index, there were equal therapeutic effects across groups within one-session therapy, and the superiority of positive cognition installation remained obscure, which implied that to become obvious more sessions might be called for. The implications of the present results and further research possibilities are postulated.

Keywords: Cockroach Phobia Eye Movement Phobia Positive Cognition Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. 陳致豪張素凰 [Chen Zhi-Hao, & Chang Sue-Hwang]. (2004年9月). 眼動減敏訊息再處理法中「眼動」與「正向認知」成分對於懼蟑症之療效國立台灣 [The efficacy of eye movement and positive cognition components of EMDR in the treatment of cockroach phobias]. 紙發表於第43屆年會台灣心理學會會議上，研討會焦慮症：心理素質，調解員和治療問題。政治大學，台北，台灣 [Presentation at the 43rd Annual Conferences on Taiwan Psychological Association, Symposium on Anxiety Disorders: Diatheses, Mediators and Therapeutic Implications. Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan].

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
眼動減敏訊息再處理法（Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; EMDR）是Shapiro（1989a, 1989b）所發展的一套治療方法，最早被用來治療創傷後壓力疾患（post traumatic stress disorder; PTSD，後來也被認為對其他心理疾患具有療效。雖然Shapiro 認為眼動程序可以加速訊息處理並降低個案的焦慮與困擾，不同治療變項的療效仍待由控制性研究法進一步釐清。本研究以部分減除（dismantling）的方式，運用實驗法來探討「眼動」與「正向認知」對懼蟑症治療效果的影響。藉2（有眼動、無眼動）× 2（正向認知、減敏延長）受試者間設計，探討單一治療次對懼蟑症者的治療效果。受試者為自大樣本篩選出的40 名懼怕蟑螂的大學女生。研究結果顯示治療程序的主要效果顯著，四組的療效相當。在治療階段中，受試者主觀害怕程度、對負向認知之相信程度皆呈顯著的線性下降；對正向認知之相信程度則僅眼動組呈顯著線性上升。雖然生理指標（心跳速率）在前測時顯著較基線時高，而在後測時回復至接近基線水準，但就微觀歷程分析，治療階段中各組之心跳速率變化為，在第一階段內逐漸上升，階段間休息時心跳速率略為降低，在第二階段開始又逐漸上升。本研究結果亦顯示，就微觀的治療歷程（micro process）而言，在正向認知的治療情境中，僅眼動組的受試者對正向認知之相信程度逐漸提高。在治療效果上，雖曝露法（exposure）本身便具有療效；但眼動能夠進一步促進受試者第二階段中正向認知的相信程度（可能藉由促進訊息處理）。就巨觀的療效指標而言，雖然單一治療次在各組皆有顯著的療效，但是正向認知對療效的影響無組別差異，該療效指標可能需要較多的治療次始能反映出來。本研究亦就研究結果所顯示的意義與未來的研究方向提出討論。

[Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989a, 1989b) was initially used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and later has been thought to be effective in treating other psychological disorders also. Shapiro suggested that eye movement procedure could accelerate information processing and further reduced the client’s anxiety and disturbance. However, psychotherapy evaluation regarding crucial therapeutic parameters awaits elucidation. This dismantling study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of eye movement and positive cognition on phobias. Specifically, via a 2×2 between subject design, with “eye movement/non eye movement” and “treatment process” being two independent variables, a total of 40 female university students with fear of cockroaches were screened and recruited from introductory psychology class to explore the treatment effect of those two components. The results showed that, according to macro therapeutic indices, the effect of therapy was significant, and was not significantly different among groups. As to micro treatment process, while the participants’ SUDs decreased linearly, and so did the negative cognition VOCs, the positive cognition VOCs increased linearly only for the eye movement condition. In addition, while for macro index, the physical index, heart rate, was significantly higher at pre-test than at baseline and returned to baseline at post-test, the process measures indicated that heart rate increased during the first treatment stage, returned during rest period, and increased again during the second treatment stage. According to the micro process, the results also suggested that when presented with positive cognition participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions increased only for the eye movement condition. As to the therapeutic effects, although exposure by itself might be effective, eye movement could further promote participants’ VOCs of positive cognitions at the second treatment stage, probably by facilitating information processing. Nonetheless, regarding macro therapeutic index, there were equal therapeutic effects across groups within one-session therapy, and the superiority of positive cognition installation remained obscure, which implied that to become obvious more sessions might be called for. The implications of the present results and further research possibilities are postulated.]

Keywords: Cockroach Phobia Eye Movement Phobia Positive Cognition Psychotherapy Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. 熊野宏昭 [Kumano Hiroaki] (1992). 眼球運動により外傷的記憶の脱感作と再体制化を行う技法 [EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) - and re-organization techniques to desensitization of traumatic memories by oculomotor]. 心身医学、4、1331から1337 [Psychosomatic Medicine, 4(11), 1331-1337].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

35. 市井雅哉 [Ichii Masaya]. (1997年12月). 眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法(EMDR)の急性ストレス障害(ASD)を示した阪神淡路大震災被災者への適用 : ストレス障害に対するストレスの少ない治療法 [Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to ASD survivors of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake: Treatment with less stress for stress disorder]. バイオフィードバック研究、（24）、38から44 [Japanese Journal of Biofeedback Research, (24), 38-44].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
市井雅哉眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法(EMDR)の急性ストレス障害(ASD)を示した阪神淡路大震災被災者への適用: ストレス障害に対するストレスの少ない治療法バイオフィードバック研究日本バイオフィードバック学会
阪神・淡路大震災の被災者で急性ストレス障害を呈した2名の女性に対して震災1ケ月後にEMDRを適用した.いずれも1セッションで地震への恐怖感は消失した.EMDRをPTSDやASDといったストレス障害の治療に用いることの有効性が示された.治療技法としてのEMDRの特徴として、即効性,クライエント・治療者双方に対してのストレスの少なさを指摘し,作用機序についてこれまで提唱されている仮説について紹介した.

The Author applied EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) to two women survivors, who suffered from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and diagnosed as ASD one month following the earthquake. Within a session, their fears of the earthquake were diminished. The results showed that EMDR is effective for stress disorders like ASD or PTSD. A 25-year-old single woman initially complained of trauma-related imagery (e.g. fire) with an initial SUD level of eight. After four sets of eye movement (EM) the level of distress decreased to zero. After the seventh set of EM, her rating of cognition as "it was over" went up to "completely true." Five months later, these therapeutic changes were maintained without any relapse of symptoms. A married 28-year-old woman, re-experienced earthquake-related symptoms with a strong sense of fear during a therapy session of EMDR. The fear quickly decreased to a level of zero on SUD after the eleventh set of EM. At the same time she reported that she could believe a desirable cognition or that "everything is all right" without any doubt. The author pointed out that the therapeutic characteristics of EMDR are rapid effectiveness and less stress for both clients and therapists. Also some hypotheses of working mechanisms of EMDR were introduced.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Clinical Case Study Earthquake Empirical Study Females Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. 小川栄一 , 橋元佑美 , 岩本崇志 , 矢守誉史 , 岸本真希子 , 福本拓治 , 和田健 , 志和資朗 , 佐々木高伸 [Eiichi Ogawa, Hiromi Hashimoto, Takashi Iwamoto, Takafumi Yamori, Makiko Kishimoto, Takuzi Fukumoto, Ken Wada, Shiro Shiwa, and Takanobu Sasaki]. (2009年2月). 眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法(EMDR)を用いた心理的介入の実際(シンポジウム,第31回日本心身医学会中国・四国地方会演題抄録) [Eye movement desentization and reprocessing (EMDR) practice of using psychological interventions (Symposium, Western Regional Meeting Abstracts Abstracts 31th Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine)]. 心身医学：日本誌、49（2）、172 [Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 49(2), 172].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Practice Symposium Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. 張素凰、 [Chang Sue-Hwang]. (2008年3月). 眼球運動中的作用機制 EMDR的治療：證據為基礎的研究 [Role of eye movements in the therapeutic mechanisms of EMDR: Evidence-based research]. 論文發表於2008年TACP（台灣臨床心理學協會）年度會議（第三次大會），專題討論會以證據為基礎研究在台灣第1節心理障礙，3月8-9日，政治大學，台北，台灣。（國科會91 -2413 - H型009 -鹽度-;國科會92 -2413 - H型002 -024-;國科會93 -2413 - H型002 -002-） [Presentation at the 2008 TACP (Taiwan Association of Clinical Psychology) Annual Conference (Third General Meeting), Symposium on Evidence-Based Research in Taiwan; Section of Mental Disorders, March 8-9, Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. (NSC 91-2413-H-009-SSS-; NSC 92-2413-H-002-024-; NSC 93-2413-H-002-002-)].

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
研討會以證據為基礎的研究，在台灣，部分精神疾病。（國科會 91 - 2413 - H的009 -量表中文），國家安全委員會 92 - 2413 - H的- 002 - 024 -）;國家安全委員會 93 - 2413 - H的- 002 - 002 -）眼動脫敏和再加工（EMDR;夏皮羅，1989 ，1995，2001）最近聲稱要有效地紓緩創傷後應激障礙的症狀，恐怖疾病。眼運動（電磁）是一種治療的關鍵因素，其治療機制有待澄清。在這個談話的目的是要研究系列報告，從我們的實驗室就EM的作用，治療機制 EMDR。具體來說，在EMDR程序被簡單地描述，EM的功效及工藝相比，暴露了問題。此外，對影響電磁情緒變化和生動的圖像或自傳記憶，改變數量和強度的語義協會的報告。此外，關於如何EMDR問題可能的工作，無論是電磁沒有添加任何超出了純粹接觸機制和電磁相互作用，價的刺激，他們的陳述順序進行了討論。最後，在EM的作用方面提出的刺激價為了從理論的角度來看，其臨床意義，提出和未來研究的可能性進行了討論。

Symposium on Evidence-Based Research, in Taiwan; Section of Mental Disorders. (NSC 91-2413-H-009-SSS-); NSC 92-2413-H-002-024-); NSC 93-2413-H-002-002-) Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 1989, 1995, 2001) has recently been claimed to be effective in ameliorating the symptoms of PTSD and phobic disorders. Eye movement (EM) was one of the crucial treatment elements, of which the therapeutic mechanisms await elucidation. The aims of this talk were to report series of studies from our lab regarding the role of EM in the therapeutic mechanism of EMDR. Specifically, after EMDR procedure being briefly described, the efficacy of EM and its process compared to exposure were addressed. Further, the effects of EM on changes of emotionality and vividness of images or autobiographic memories, and changes of amount and strength of semantic associations were reported. Also, the issues regarding how EMDR might work, whether EM did add anything beyond the mechanisms of pure exposure, and the interplay of EM, valence of stimuli, and their presentation order were discussed. Finally, the role of EM in terms of stimulus valence presentation order from theoretical point of view and its clinical implications are proposed, and future research possibilities are discussed.

Keywords: Eye Movement Exposure Symposium Therapeutic Mechanism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. シャピロ、フランシーヌ [Shapiro, Francine]. (2004). 眼球運動脱感作と再処理：基本的な考え方、プロトコル、および手順 [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures]. 大阪：Niheisha [Ōsaka: Niheisha].

Language: Japanese

Format: Book

Abstract:
"この雑誌は、この本の初版（1996年世＃4頁99〜100）の主要な貢献として賞賛した。この新しい版は大幅に拡大され、更新された、反対の一部の研究者は、EMDRしなければならなかったことは多くを解決。結果は恐怖症の治療に有用な補助ステップバイステップの歴史的、理論的、実用的な導入され、心的外傷後ストレス障害を投稿してください。"-初版臨床老年学者称賛、"この実用的な本が重要であるの決定的なプレゼンテーションとしてEMDR法....臨床医は、その詳細な説明をお迎えいたします....いくつかの事例や五注釈転写物はきれいにし、メソッドの機微を示していますセラピストのクライアントは、ロールを中心に"-現代心理学は"書き込みは一般的には明らかである具体的な手順とサンプルのフレーズを説明するために典型的なケースのイラストでバランスのガイドラインは....利点の説明は特別な注意が、可能性のある副作用の説明で全体のバランスが期待されるセラピストによって使用されるように、困難な集団が発生したと手続きバリエーションは必要ありません。"- プライベート実践心理の"非常に数年間で、EMDRも進められている数多くの追加のアプリケーションとの（心的外傷後ストレス障害のための最も広く研究治療に奇妙な音新技術から成長してきた)....数最近のではなく、説得力のある研究が正当かつ強力な治療法としてEMDR確立している"-専門心理学-レビュー

"This journal praised the first edition of this book (1996 XVI #4, pp. 99-100) as a major contribution. This new edition is greatly expanded and updated, addressing many of the objections that some researchers have had to EMDR. The result is a step-by-step historical, theoretical, practical introduction to a useful adjunct for the treatment of phobia and post traumatic stress disorder."--Clinical Gerontologist PRAISE FOR THE FIRST EDITION "This pragmatic book is important as the definitive presentation of the EMDR method....Clinicians will welcome its detailed explanation....Several case examples and five annotated transcripts nicely illustrate subtleties in the method and the therapist's client-centered role."--Contemporary Psychology "The writing is clear with general guidelines balanced by exemplary case illustrations to illustrate specific procedures and sample phrases to be used by the therapist....The description of the benefits to be expected is balanced throughout by descriptions of the special precautions, possible side effects, difficult populations encountered and procedural variations needed."--Psychotherapy in Private Practice "In a very few years, EMDR has grown from a bizarre sounding new technique to the most extensively researched treatment for PTSD (with numerous additional applications also being pursued)....A number of recent, rather convincing studies have established EMDR as a legitimate and powerful treatment."--Professional Psychology -- Review

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. スペイツ C.リチャードコッチエレン I. [Spates, C. R., and Koch, E. I.] (2003). 眼球運動脱感作と再処理(Reprocessing)から表出(Exposure)セラピーまで : 共通するメカニズムへの証拠に対する再考と概観 [From eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to exposure therapy: A review of the evidence for shared mechanisms]. 行动分析学研究18（2）、62から76 [Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis, 18(2), 62-76].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
心的外傷後ストレス障害は、（心的外傷後ストレス障害）のすべての文化と生涯を通じて人々に影響を与える条件である。診断実践心的外傷後ストレス障害の導入以来、多くの研究は、疫学、病態生理、心理的、生理的メカニズムだけでなく、その治療に対処しています。障害の行動製剤は、分野の研究をリードの間に浸透して、効果的な治療につながるなど、暴露療法するヒューリスティックを証明されています。眼球運動脱感作は、サービス（EMD/ R）の再処理は、この定式化から出発すると主張している最近開発された介入は、その有効性の実証的な支持を受けています。本記事では、眼球運動脱感作と再処理の行動策定を支持する証拠をレビューし、それが暴露療法と行動の一般的なメカニズムを共有していることを示唆している。以上の研究関心は心的外傷後ストレス障害より寛容と、クライアントと実務に受け入れられるのレンダリング露出ベースの治療法の検討方法に与えられるべきである。

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that affects people in all cultures and throughout the lifespan. Since the introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder into diagnostic practice, a great deal of research has addressed its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and psychological and physiological mechanisms, as well as its treatment. A behavioral formulation of the disorder has prevailed among leading researchers in the field, and has proved heuristic in leading to efficacious treatments, e.g., exposure therapy. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMD/R), a recently developed intervention that claims to be a departure from this formulation, has received empirical support for its efficacy. The present article reviews the evidence supporting a behavioral formulation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and suggests that it shares common mechanisms of action with exposure therapy. Greater research attention should be given to examining ways of rendering exposure-based therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder more tolerant and acceptable to clients and practitioners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. 赵国秋汪永光王义强付素芬唐济生曹日芳 [Zhao Guoqiu, Wang Yongguang, Wang Yiqiang, FU Shufen, Tang Jisheng, & Cao Rifang] (发表时间). 胶济铁路交通事故伤员心理危机干预结果分析 [The Analysis of Intervention for Casualties in the Accident on Jiaoji Railway on April 28]. 中国首届心理咨询师大会暨心理危机干预研讨会论文集.

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
对22名ASD患者进行EMDR治疗，比较EMDR治疗前后的心理行为反应的差异。结果：有22名达到ASD（急性应激障碍）诊断标准，ASD发生率为9.73%，伤员中主要以闯入、警觉性增高表现为主，并伴随着其它的负性情绪体验。女性组心理行为反应结果明显重于男性组，女性组ASD...

(Based on the treatment of EMDR for 22 ASD patients, the comparison of psychological and behavior reaction between and after the treatment is shown. Results: there were 22 patients who reached to the diagnosis standard of ASD (Acute Stress Disorder). The incident rate is 9.73%. The major reaction is the increase of intrusive thoughts and alertness, with some other negative emotional experiences. The result of the psychological and behavior reaction of the female group is evidently stronger than that of the male group. The female group…)

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Jiaoji Railway

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. 宋磊王振英 [Song Lei & Wang Zhen-Ying]. (2007, November). 舍曲林联合EMDR治疗抑郁症对照研究 [Sertraline treatment of depression combined EMDR research: A control study of sertraline combined with the EMDR in the treatment of depression]. 临床心身疾病，13（4） [Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Disease, 13(4)].

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
目的探讨舍曲林联合眼动脱敏和再加工治疗对抑郁症的临床疗效及安全性.方法将64例抑郁症患者随机分为两组各32例,均给予舍曲林治疗,研究组联合眼动脱敏和再加工治疗,疗程均为6w.于治疗前及治疗第1 w、2 w、6 w末采用汉密顿抑郁量表、临床总体印象量表评定临床疗效,副反应量表评定不良反应.结果治疗6 w末研究组有效率87.5%,对照组为84.4%,两组差异无显著性(χ2=0.129,P＞0.05).汉密顿抑郁量表、临床总体印象量表评分,研究组治疗1 w末均较对照组下降显著(P均＜0.05),2 w末均较对照组下降极显著(P均＜0.01),6 w末差异均无显著性(P均＞0.05).两组不良反应均轻微(P＞0.05).结论舍曲林联合眼动脱敏和再加工治疗治疗抑郁症疗效显著,起效更快,安全性高,依从性好.

Objective: To study the combined sertraline and reprocessing eye movement desensitization treatment for depression efficacy and safety. Methods 64 patients with depression were randomly divided into two groups, 32 cases were treated with sertraline treatment, the joint study group eyes Activity desensitization and reprocessing therapy, a course of 6w. in the first before treatment and 1 w, 2 w, 6 w end with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale for assessment of clinical efficacy, adverse side effects rating scale reaction. Results 6 w end of study group and 87.5%, 84.4% of the control group, no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 0.129, P> 0.05). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale scores 1 w at the end of treatment group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P all <0.05), 2 w at the end than the control group decreased significantly (P all <0.01), 6 w at the end there was no significant difference (P all> 0.05) . two adverse reactions were mild (P> 0.05). Conclusion Joint eye sertraline desensitization and reprocessing therapy treatment of depression a significant effect, faster onset, high safety, good compliance.

Keywords: Control Study Depression Sertraline

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. Kuhn, G. (2008). 采用EMDR技术对消极表现经历的情绪再加工 [Emotional reprocessing of negative performance using the EMDR technique]. 天津体育学院学报第03期 [Journal of Tianjin University of Sport, 155(3)] .

Language: Chinese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
许多运动员在他们的职业生涯中都经历过在特定情境中承受反复的身心障碍（如恐惧对手，所谓的"不堪一击"，双腿灌铅）。

Many athletics have the experiences of suffering from repeating somatopsychic disorder in a given situation in their career life, such as fear of opponents, i.e. “cannot withstand a single blow”…).

Keywords: Emotional Reprocessing Negative Performance Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. 김 [Kim, D.] (2009). 직장 스트레스로 악화된 뚜렛 장애의 EMDR： 단일 증례 연구 [A single case study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with tourette’s disorder aggravated by stress at work]. Mental Health Research, 28, 14-20.

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
뚜렛 장애(Tourette’s disorder)는 다발성 운동 틱과 한 개 이상의 음성 틱이 1년 이상 나타나며 틱이 없는 기간이 3개월 이하일 때 진단된다.1) 이 장애는 만성적인 경과를 밟 으며, 많은 환자들이 성인기에 접어 들면 증상이 호전되지만 더 심해지는 경우도 있어 그 개인차가 크다.2) 또한 틱증상이 악화되었다가 호전되는 패턴이 삽화처럼 존재하기 때문에 약 물치료의 시작하는 시점이나 그 효과 판별에 주의를 요한다. 예를 들어, 악화기엔 어떠한 약물도 그 효과가 적기 때문에 이 시점에서 유용성을 판단하기 어렵다.3) 뚜렛 장애의 치료는 약물치료가 1차 선택 치료이지만 많 은 환자들이 원치 않는 부작용 때문에 약물복용을 거절하거 나 중단한다. 또한 일부는 약물의 효과가 없으며, 있다고 해 도 그 효과는 제한적이다.4) 한 연구에 의하면 평균적인 약물 반응은 틱 증상의 50% 전도 감소라고 한다.5) 따라서 약물 치료와 병용할 수 있는 효과적인 정신치료의 필요성이 요구 되고 있다. 뚜렛이나 틱 장애의 대표적인 정신치료는 습관 반전(habit reversal) 이라는 행동치료이다.6) 그외에도 인식 훈련, 자기 주장 훈련, 인지치료, 이완치료 등이 있다.4) 현재까지 가장 효과의 준거가 강한 것은 습관반전이며7) 그 외 정신치료에 대한 연구 축적은 부족한 실정이다. 뚜렛장애에 대한 정신치 료는 증상의 완화 뿐 아니라 질환을 이해시키고, 자존감을 높이며 사회적 기능을 향상시키는 데 중요한 역할은 한다.8) 비교적 최근 심리적 외상 치료로 개발된 안구운동 민감소실 및 재처리 요법(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprecessing, EMDR)이 여러 임상 영역에 활발하게 쓰이면서 그 관심을 받고 있다.9) 외상후 스트레스 장애 외의 불안장애에 부터 보다 최근에는 우울증과 정신분열병에 까지 시도되고 있는 실정이다.10,11) 이 증례는 직장 스트레스로 악화된 뚜렛 환자에게 EMDR을 사용하여 성공적으로 치료한 경험을 공 유하고자 작성되었다.

This single case report involves a 24 year-old woman with Tourette’s syndrome who experienced exacerbation of tic symptoms after stressful events at work. After eight months of unsuccessful pharmacotherapy, the five sessions of EMDR was tried targeting the events, which resulted in significant reduction in tic and stress symptoms to previous level. In fact, she felt so good that she discontinued her medication after two sessions but maintained her improvement throughout treatment period. Two years after termination of treatment she was reported to have been doing great at work although she continued to display her tics at usual, mild level.

Keywords: Tic Disorder Tourette’s Disorder Psychotherapy Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Hennessey, V. (2010, April 10). 'Jane Doe 5' testifies in Pollacci rape hearing. Monterey County, CA: The Herald.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
The woman said she believes she retrieved memories because her brain is healing from injuries sustained during the incident, not as a result of a controversial form of therapy called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, or EMDR.

Keywords: Court Hearing Rape Retrieved Memories Testimony Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. 小川栄一 , 和田健 , 日域広昭 , 武井史朗 , 矢野智宣 , 橋元佑美 , 佐々木高伸 , 志和資朗 [Eiichi Ogawa, Ken Wada, Hiroaki Jitsuiki, Shiro Takei, Tomonobu Yano, Yumi Hashimoto, Takanobu Sasaki, and Shiro Shiwa] (2007年12月). 12. EMDR(眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法)の実施が心理生理反応に及ぼす影響(第30回日本心身医学会中国・四国地方会演題抄録) [12. EMDR (treatment of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) effects on the physiological response (The 30th Chugoku-Shikoku Regional Meeting of the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine, Meeting abstract]. 心身医学：日本誌、47（12）、1054 [Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 47(12), 1054].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Keywords: Physiological Responses

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Wilson, S., Becker, L., & Tinker, R. H. (1995, June). 15-Month follow up of EMDR treatment for traumatic memory. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
We previously reported on the outcomes of a controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) effectiveness in the treatment of traumatic memory (Wilson, Tinker, & Becker, 1994; Wilson, Becker, & tinker, in press). In that study we found that three, 90-minute sessions of EMDR (Shapiro, 1995) "normalized the psychological functioning of the previously traumatized participants (g = 80) on all dependent measures. The present study is a 15-month follow up of those participants. I Method: The research design is shown in Table 1. Participants were randomly assigned to EMDR or to Delayed EMDR conditions. Pretreatment measurement occurred at measurement time TI. Participants in the EMDR condition received EMDR between T1 and T2; those in the Delayed EMDR condition received EMDR between T2 and T3. All participants were tested immediately following treatment and at 3 months following treatment (at T4). The 15 month, long-term follow up occurred at measurement time T5. An independent assessor collected all of the following dependent measures: Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS; Wolpe, 1990), Impact of Events Scale (IES; Hmowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979), State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R, Derogatis, 1992). [Table 1. The Research Design, Treatment Condition, Measurement Time: T1 T2 T3 T4 T5; EMDR Treatment: 01 x 02 03 04; Delayed EMDR Treatment 01 02 x 03 04 05; Note: T = Time of measurement; 0 = Observation; X = Treatment administered.] II. Results: Two analyses were performed to assess the impact of EMDR treatment at the 15-month follow up. First, in order to assess the overall, long-term impact of EMDR, the 15-month follow-up scores were compared with the pretreatment scores. There was significant improvement on all nine measures at the 15-month follow up: The multivariate effect was significant (Wilk's Lambda =.11, p<.0005) as were all nine of the univariate effects (all p <.0005). Second, in order to assess whether the improvement shown immediately following EMDR treatment had been maintained over the following year the immediate posttreatment scores were compared with, the 15-month follow-up scores. The multivariate test was nonsignificant (Wilk's lambda=.74, p=.079), indicating the improvement shown immediately following EMDR was maintained 15 months later. The univariate analyses indicated additional improvement for the PTSD symptoms of intrusions (IES Intrusion: F(1,56)=7.71, p=307) and avoidance (IES avoidance: F_(1,56) -4.44, p=.040). None of the nine measures showed deterioration at the 15-month follow up. Prior to EMDR treatment 45% (g= 9) of the responders had been diagnosed as PTSD, at the 15-month follow up only 7% (g = 4) were diagnosed as PTSD (chi-squareo, N=61)= .72, p < .05). III. Responders Versus Nonresponders at the 15-Month Follow up.: At the time of writing this abstract, 75% of the participants (g=61) have responded to the 15-month follow up. In general, measures taken prior to treatment did not differentiate responders fiom nonresponders. Responding at the 15-month follow up was unrelated to age, gender, marital status or years of education, although the annual income of the responders (Mdn=21,500) was higher than that of the nonresponders (Mdn = 14,750, Mann-Whitney U=372.5, p=.017). Responding or not at 15 months was unrelated to the type of trauma experienced, whether or not the participants had been in therapy prior to EMDR treatment, or how long ago the trauma had occurred. It was also unrelated to the severity of the trauma as measured by the pretreatment scores on the nine dependent variables and to whether or not the participant met the PTSD diagnosis criteria prior to treatment. A multiple regression analysis used the immediate posttreatment and 90-day posttreatment scores to predict whether or not the participant responded at the 15-month follow up. Nonrespondents were more likely to be depressed at 90-days following treatment than were respondents (R square=.O8, B=-.16, Beta = -.28, F_L1,71)=5.99, p=.017). No other variables entered into the regression model. IV Discussiona and Conclusion, Tretement effects found immediately following EMDR treatment wer maintained or improved 15 months later and thee was a significant decrease in the number of participants diagnosed as PTSD at the 15 month follow up. The comparison of responders to nonresponders at the 15 month follow up showed that the nonresponders were more depressed than the responders, raising the possiblity that the present results may be favorably biased to some extent. The discussion will include the additional, subjective impressions of participants who did not respond to the follow up. Limitations of EMDR with this population will be discussed, including the influence of comorbidity, multiple traumas, retraumatization after treatment, and spontaneous recurrence of symptoms. V. References: 1) Derogatis, L. R. (1992). SCL-90: Administration Scoring and Procedures Manual II. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research. 2) Horowitz, M. J., Wilmer, N. & Alverez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Distress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209-218. 3) Shapiro, F. (1995), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures. 4) Speilberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. D., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. 5) Wilson, S. A., Tinker, R. A., & Becker, L. A. (1994, November). Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)Treatment for Trauma Victims. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL. 6) Wilson, S. A., Becker, L. A., & Tinker, R. A. (In press), EMDR, treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

Keywords: Follow-up Traumatic Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. Koshal, A. (2012, June). The 4-fields-technique in the trauma therapy of complex traumatized and addicted patients [La técnica de 4-‐Campos en la terapia de trauma complejo y pacientes adictos, incluso en tratamiento de metadona]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will employ lecture and demonstration of several case studies. The 4-‐Field-‐Technique is a special method of EMDR that was developed by Jarero et al. 1997 in Mexico. For complex traumatized and drug addicted people this method is very helpful. The risk to trigger other trauma clusters is quite minor, because the patient’s concentration is focused on his specific picture and situation. Several international studies demonstrate that addicted people are very often complex traumatized. (Felitti et al., 2003; Schmidt, 2000 etc.) PTSD and other trauma symptoms cause a lot of psychophysical deregulation. The psychiatrist Khantzian realized 1985, that addicted people suffer a lot from different symptoms and try to reduce the unbearable inner tension in using drugs. So Khantzian postulated the “self-‐medication hypothesis of addictive disorders”. Janina Fisher, Trauma Center Boston, 2000, interpreted the correlation of early traumatization and drug-‐addiction as “compensatory strategies aimed at self-‐ regulation”. 20 years of psychotherapeutic work revealed, a high percentage of addicted patients use drugs to influence their emotional states. Drugs and alcohol do short term reduce the mentioned symptoms. Addicted patients need to learn to cope in another, more adaptive way to get a better functioning self-‐regulation. After stabilization, trauma-‐therapy can start. So the patient can reduce his psycho-‐ physiological deregulation. Even when addicted patients are still in a methadone-‐ treatment trauma-‐therapy is effective. Practical experiences show a lot of successful treatments.

Este taller empleará la presentación y demostración de muchos estudios de caso. La técnica de 4 campos es un método especial de EMDR que fue desarrollado por Jarero et al. 1997 en Méjico. Para gente con traumas complejos y adictos este método resulta ser muy adecuado. El riesgo de disparar grupos de traumas es menor, debido a que la concentración del paciente está centrada en una sola imagen y situación. Muchos estudios demuestran que los adictos son muy a menudo traumatizados de manera compleja. (Felitti et al., 2003; Schmidt, 2000 etc.) El TEPT y otros síntomas del trauma causan muchas desregulaciones psicofisiológicas. El psiquiatra Khantzian se dio cuenta en 1985, que la gente que sufre de adicción sufren también muchos otros síntomas diferentes e intentan reducir su tensión interna a través del uso de sustancias. Por ello Khantzian postuló “ La hipótesis de la automedicación en trastornos adictivos” Janina Fisher, Trauma Center Boston, 2000, interpretó la correlación de la traumatización temprana y la adicción a la drogas como “ Estrategias compensatorias dirigidas a la autorregulación”. 20 años de trabajo psicoterapéutico muestran que un gran porcentaje de pacientes adictos usan drogas para modificar sus estados emocionales. Las drogas y el alcohol reducen a corto plazo los síntomas mencionados. Los pacientes adictos necesitan aprender a afrontar de manera más adaptativa su autorregulación. Después de la estabilización, la terapia del trauma puede empezar. Por ello el paciente puede reducir su desregulación psicofisiológica. Incluso cuando aún están sometidos a un tratamiento de metadona la terapia del trauma es efectiva. Las experiencias en la práctica muestran una gran cantidad de tratamientos exitosos.

Keywords: 4-Fields-Technique Addiction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Opperman-Schmid, F. (2010, June). 5 years of EMDR in a general practioners practise. In Treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study describes the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in clients suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms after recent traumatic experience. Between November 2003 and July 2009, 45 clients of a general medicine practise with stress reactions and inability to work after a recent traumatic event were treated with EMDR. The number of active EMDR sessions varied from 1 to 5 sessions. After this short time of active treatment, everyone of these clients was free of symptoms and able to take up work again. After a three months period, those clients were reinvestigated. Up to this time, none of them had suffered from symptoms of distress or accumulation of trauma memories or inability to go to work. The study shows an interesting aspect in EMDR treatment: general practitioners are the first to be consulted by clients with recent trauma. EMDR is shown to be very effective in treatment of stress symptoms after recent trauma. Consequently, an early intervention with EMDR reduces stress symptoms and the period of inability. This is to promote interest and awareness specially among general practitioners with psychotherapy training.

Keywords: Acute Stress Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Dellucci, H. (2010, July). A 6 gear mechanics for a safe journey through complex trauma therapy. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with EMDR with people who suffer from complex trauma leads often to difficulties not only about case conceptualization, but also desensitization and reprocessing, with a risk of destabilization or even decompensation. Often many targets, especially those in early childhood can be located in the timeline before verbal abilities and thus stay implicit. Should we then renounce to work with EMDR? Is it possible to use EMDR safely, by adapting to each client, and their somehow chaotic life events without getting lost? The six gear mechanics relies on the metaphor about a car journey through therapy with people who have complex trauma, and provides a structural hierarchy of treatment which allows adaptation, by knowing what is done and why. It tries to integrate what is yet known in EMDR therapy with complex trauma, and provides a dynamic and adaptive tool to navigate through therapy.

Keywords: 6 Gear Mechanics Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. Madoun, S., & Dumonteil, D. (2005). ABC de l'EMDR: La thérapie des émotions [ABC of EMDR: Therapy emotions]. Paris: Grancher.

Language: French

Format: Book

Abstract:
Tout au longe de notre vie, nous subissons des événements traumatisants : maladie, deuil, accident... S'en suivent stress, angoisse, dépression. Une nouvelle thérapie d'origine américaine vient de voir le jour : l'EMDR (Eyes Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), ce qui signifie : mouvement oculaires de désenbilisation et de retraitement des informations négatives. Validée par un bon nombre d'études dont celle de l'Inserm, l'EMDR nous permet d'éliminer les effets néfastes des chocs émotionnels en favorisant l'apparition des émotions ainsi que leur évacuation. Au travers de récits étonnants, ce livre de référence nous fait comprendre les mécanismes de nos traumatismes, le dérèglement de notre cerveau émotionnel et les moyens de retrouver une vie sereine.

Throughout our lives, we experience traumatic events: illness, bereavement, accident ... Ensuing stress, anxiety, depression. A new therapy from the U.S. just to see the day: EMDR (Eyes Movement Desensitizer and Reprocessing), which means eye movement désenbilisation and reprocessing of negative information. Validated by many studies including that of Inserm, EMDR allows us to eliminate the adverse effects of emotional distress by encouraging the emergence of emotions and their evacuation. Through amazing stories, this reference book helps us understand the workings of our trauma, disruption of our emotional brain and the means to find a peaceful life.

Keywords: Anxiety Depression Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. Cohen-Posey, K. (2004, December). Abreaction and reprocessing: The importance of defining terms. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Chief Editor’s Introduction: We are delighted to publish Kate Cohen-Posey’s thoughts on the impact of the clinician’s perception of abreaction, especially as this relates to the practice of EMDR. Thanks to Kate for this thoughtful explanation, and for highlighting some key historic roots from which our current practices have evolved, and continue to! We wish her much success with her new book. -SEB [Editor's abstract]

Keywords: Abreaction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. Beccari, A. (2008). Abuso sessuale sui minori: Il sostegno alle giovani vittime [On child sexual abuse: Support for young victims]. Universita Degli Studi di Parma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract: Il filo conduttore di questo report sarà il trauma. La prima parte sarà incentrata sulla definizione di trauma, sulle risposte adattive e su quelle patologiche di fronte ad un evento negativo e sulle variabili individuali e soggettive che determinano nell’individuo un vissuto traumatico. Quest’ultimo aspetto, infatti, sappiamo essere fondamentale per capire la differenza che intercorre tra le diverse reazioni (emotiva, cognitiva e comportamentale) delle persone che si trovano ad essere esposte anche al medesimo evento disturbante. La seconda sezione sarà invece dedicata al trauma dei bambini e alle diverse modalità di condurre un assessment adeguato. La terza parte si concentrerà, nello specifico, sul trauma da abuso sessuale: ne prenderà in considerazione la definizione, le conseguenze a breve e medio-lungo termine nonchè le possibilità di sostegno alle giovani vittime di abuso sessuale intra ed extra familiare. Inoltre verrà trattata una tecnica piuttosto recente dimostratasi efficace nel trattamento del Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress negli adulti come nei bambini: l’EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing).

The theme of this report is trauma. The first part will focus on the definition of trauma, and those on adaptive responses pathological in the face of a negative event and the individual variables and subjective determine in the individual a traumatic experience. This latter aspect, in fact, we know be crucial to understand the difference between the different reactions (emotional, cognitive and behavioral) of persons who are to be presented on the same event disturbing. The second section will be devoted to the trauma of children and the different modes of conduct a proper assessment. The third part will focus specifically on the trauma of sexual abuse: it will take consider the definitions, the short-and medium-long term as well as the possibility of support for young victims of sexual abuse within and outside the family. also will be treated fairly new technique proved effective in treating the disorder Post-traumatic Stress in adults as in children: EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing).

Keywords: Children Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. O'Shea, M. K. (2003, September). Accessing and repairing preverbal trauma/neglect. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Numerous methods have attempted to repair distress remaining from very early trauma (especially adoption) or neglect, but most have been difficult, cumbersome, even traumatic. The presenter will describe and demonstrate a direct, simple, safe and incredibly effective EMDR extension, which is based on our current scientific knowledge of early brain development. Participants will (1) learn how to be able to adapt the Basic EMDR protocol when treating preverbal experiences with infants, children, adolescents and adults; (2) what language to use when accessing and repairing preverbal experiences: (3) be able to use "imaginative interweaves" to stimulate release of trapped energy and fully learn from the experience; (4) learn to use the 3 R's (Review, Release, Repair) to ensure that reprocessing of preverbal material is complete.

Keywords: Adoption Neglect Preverbal Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. Bjick, S. (2001, January-April). Accessing the power in the patient with hypnosis and EMDR, Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(3-4), 203-216. doi:10.1080/00029157.2001.10404277.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Both Ernest Rossi's ideodynamic accessing model of hypnosis and EMDR are intended to access information stored in the mind-body system. In this paper the author is suggesting that treatment effectiveness can be enhanced by combining these particular models. The similarities and the uniqueness of each method, both theoretically and in terms of the different protocols, are compared to provide a rationale for combining them. Verbatim examples from clinical cases are presented to demonstrate exactly how these models can be usefully combined in clinical practice. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Hypnotherapy Review Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. Talwar, S. (2007, February). Accessing traumatic memory through art making: An art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP). The Arts in Psychotherapy, 34(1), 22-35. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2006.09.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In this article I propose an art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP) designed to address the non-verbal core of traumatic memory. Trauma theorists [van der Kolk, B.A. (2003). Frontiers in trauma treatment. Presented at the R. Cassidy Seminars, St. Louis, MO 2004; Steele, W. & Raider, M. (2001). Structured Sensory Intervention for Traumatized Children, Adolescents and Parents-Strategies to Alleviate Trauma. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press] have endorsed alternative treatment methods such as eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), body-based psychotherapy, and expressive arts therapy as an alternative to verbal psychotherapy. Following an overview of the role of memory and emotions in trauma and theories of art making and brain function, I describe a protocol that has had success in integrating the cognitive, emotional and physiological levels of trauma drawing on EMDR, McNamee’s bilateral art and Michelle Cassou’s method of painting. A one-session example serves to illustrate its use.

Keywords: Arts Bilateral Art Body-Based Psychotherapy Expressive Arts

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Savneet, T. (2007). Accessing traumatic memory through art making: An art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP). The Arts in Psychotherapy, 34(1), 22-35. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2006.09.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In this article I propose an art therapy trauma protocol (ATTP) designed to address the non-verbal core of traumatic memory. Trauma theorists [van der Kolk, B.A. (2003). Frontiers in trauma treatment. Presented at the R. Cassidy Seminars, St. Louis, MO 2004; Steele, W. & Raider, M. (2001). Structured Sensory Intervention for Traumatized Children, Adolescents and Parents-Strategies to Alleviate Trauma. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press] have endorsed alternative treatment methods such as eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), body-based psychotherapy, and expressive arts therapy as an alternative to verbal psychotherapy. Following an overview of the role of memory and emotions in trauma and theories of art making and brain function, I describe a protocol that has had success in integrating the cognitive, emotional and physiological levels of trauma drawing on EMDR, McNamee's bilateral art and Michelle Cassou's method of painting. A one-session example serves to illustrate its use.

Keywords: Art Therapy Art Therapy Trauma Protocol ATTP Creative Arts Therapy Creativity Emotions Memory Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Lee, C. W., Taylor, G., & Drummond, P. D. (2006, March-April). The active ingredient in EMDR: Is it traditional exposure or dual focus of attention?. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(2), 97-107. doi:10.1002/cpp.479.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This study tested whether the content of participants' responses during EMDR is similar to that thought to be effective for traditional exposure treatments (reliving), or is more consistent with distancing, which would be expected given Shapiro's proposal of dual process of attention. The responses made by 44 participants with PTSD were examined during their first EMDR treatment session. An independent rater coded these responses according to whether they were consistent with reliving, distancing, or focusing on material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement on a measure of PTSD symptoms occurred when the participant processed the trauma in a more detached manner. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggest that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that covaried with improvement. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Attention Australians Cognitive Processes Empirical Study Mechanism of Action Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Quantitative Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. Hogberg, G., & Hallstrom, T. (2008). Active multimodal psychotherapy in children and adolescents with suicidality: Description, evaluation and clinical profile. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13(3), 435-448. doi:10.1177/1359104507088348.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical pattern of 14 youths with presenting suicidality, to describe an integrative treatment approach, and to estimate therapy effectiveness. Fourteen patients aged 10 to 18 years from a child and adolescent outpatient clinic in Stockholm were followed in a case series. The patients were treated with active multimodal psychotherapy. This consisted of mood charting by mood-maps, psycho-education, wellbeing practice and trauma resolution. Active techniques were psychodrama and body-mind focused techniques including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. The patients were assessed before treatment, immediately after treatment and at 22 months post treatment with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. The clinical pattern of the group was observed. After treatment there was a significant change towards normality in the Global Assessment of Functioning scale both immediately post-treatment and at 22 months. A clinical pattern, post trauma suicidal reaction, was observed with a combination of suicidality, insomnia, bodily symptoms and disturbed mood regulation. We conclude that in the post trauma reaction suicidality might be a presenting symptom in young people. Despite the shortcomings of a case series the results of this study suggest that a mood-map-based multimodal treatment approach with active techniques might be of value in the treatment of children and youth with suicidality.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Suicide

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Amano, T., Selyama, A., & Toichi M. (2012, June). The activity of the brain cortex measured by NIRS during EMDR session of phantom limb pain [La actividad del cortex cerebral medida por espectroscopía casi infrarroja (NIRS) durante una sesión de EMDR en Dolor de Miembro Fantasma]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
We are reporting the case of a female patient with severe chronic pain, which was successfully treated applying a phantom limb pain (PLP) protocol of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The patient is a seventy-‐ year-‐old female, who suffered from paralysis in the left lower limb due to an accident during an orthopedic operation for herniated disc. After the operation, she began to experience sharp pain in the paralyzed limb, and neither nerve blocks nor trials of medicine were effective for this pain. It continued for 8 years until a PLP protocol was applied. During the sessions of the protocol, her sharp pain gradually diminished and virtually disappeared at the end of the EMDR sessions. A follow-‐up interview, held three years after the sessions, confirmed no recurrence. The study was designed to examine the changes of frontal and temporal cortices in the blood flow in brain by NIRS during sessions of EMDR. During the recall of her trauma-‐related events, her heart rate and the blood flow increased in the area of the right superior temporal sulcus. Eye movement with the recall of traumatic events leads to a generalized decrease in brain blood flow. The results suggest that a PLP protocol may be an effective option for the treatment of chronic pain. It is probably because the technique, which is effective for post-‐traumatic stress disorder, can potentially dissolve traumatic pain memory. The findings on blood flow seem to suggest that EMDR is effective in treating PTSD by normalizing excessive cerebral activation, particularly in the right hemisphere, which is related to the memory of trauma.

Presentamos el caso de una mujer con dolor crónico severo tratado con éxito mediante un protocolo de desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares (EMDR) para dolor de miembro fantasma (DMF). Se trata de una mujer de setenta y dos años de edad que sufría una parálisis en la extremidad inferior izquierda debido a un accidente durante una intervención quirúrgica ortopédica por una hernia discal. Tras la operación, empezó a experimentar un dolor agudo en el miembro paralizado; ni los bloqueos nerviosos regionales ni las pruebas con fármacos fueron eficaces para tratar su dolor. Así siguió durante 8 años hasta la aplicación de un protocolo para el tratamiento del DMF. Durante las sesiones en las que se seguía el protocolo, el dolor agudo que sufría disminuía progresivamente y desaparición por completo al finalizar las sesiones de EMDR. Durante una entrevista de seguimiento a los tres años se confirmó la ausencia de una recurrencia del dolor. Se diseñó el estudio para examinar los cambios del flujo sanguíneo cerebral en las cortezas frontal y temporal mediante NIRS en las sesiones de EMDR. Durante el recuerdo de los eventos relacionados con el trauma, se aumentó la frecuencia cardiaca y el flujo sanguíneo en el área del sulco temporal superior derecho. Los movimientos oculares que se producen con el recuerdo de los eventos traumáticos conlleva una disminución generalizada del flujo sanguíneo al cerebro. Los resultados sugieren que un protocolo específico para DMF puede representar una alternativa efectiva para el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Probablemente se debe a que esta técnica que es efectiva en el trastorno por estrés post-‐traumático, tiene el potencial de disolver el recuerdo del dolor traumático. Los hallazgos sobre el flujo sanguíneo parecen sugerir que EMDR es efectivo en el tratamiento del TEPT al normalizar la activación cerebral excesiva, sobre todo en el hemisferio derecho, que guarda relación con el recuerdo del trauma.

Keywords: Brain Cortex NIRS Phantom Limb Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. Barreda-Hanson, C. (2012, Septiember). Adaptación del EMDR y terapia breve centrada en el cliente para cambiar percepciones negativas y traumaticas [EMDR adaption of brief client-centered therapy to change negative and traumatic perceptions]. Presentación en la 70 Conferencia Anual del International Council of Psychologist(ICP), Sevilla, España.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
El estrés subsiguiente después de un traumatismo, representa un trastorno disfuncional – tanto interno como externo – que se manifiesta en alteraciones en el reconocimiento cognitivo y en los comportamientos, llevando además asociados síntomas somáticos, afloramiento de problemas inconscientes y ansiedades. Pues una de las características del estrés post-traumático, es precisamente la pérdida de equilibrio entre el mundo interno y externo de quien lo sufre. Por eso, ante la complejidad de las respuestas post-traumáticas, éstas se pueden catalogar en gran medida dentro de las perturbaciones psicopatológicas. El estrés psicológico surge por una situación estresante “real”, externa, tangible y la reacción ante esta difícil experiencia, evoca un conjunto bastante universal y coherente de síntomas y respuestas que provocan reacciones primitivas relacionadas con temores inconscientes ante las amenazas a la vida, que hacen aflorar incipientemente fantasías e impulsos abrumadores. Los resultados son los pensamientos disfuncionales que conducen a las respuestas y a los comportamientos desadaptativos. Objetivos: el taller está diseñado para proporcionar a estudiantes y profesionales de la Psicología – que trabajan o desean trabajar en esta área del trauma y el cambio de comportamientos -, la habilidad para utilizar eficaz y rápidamente intervenciones breves, que puedan poner en practicar incluso en casa. En el taller se estudiará la forma inicial de evaluar, tanto al trauma como a la clientela. Se trabajará la historia del trauma y se profundizará en sus consecuencias y en cómo diseñar las intervenciones breves para hacerles frente. También se centrará en averiguar qué cambios quieren los y las clientes a través de relatos y visualizaciones, utilizando una adaptación de las terapias EMDR y la Solución Enfocada tanto a crear el cambio deseado, como a mantenerlo. En consecuencia el taller es de particular interés para quienes trabajan con personas que han sufrido cualquier tipo de trauma, o quienes perciben acontecimientos de la vida, experiencias, etc. que les afectan de forma negativa en su día a día. También es útil para las personas que sufren de TOC, sobre todo trastornos del pensamiento. Los aspectos más útiles de las dos técnicas que se han adaptado junto con otras innovaciones de la autora, guardan relación con la creación de un ambiente seguro, no-traumático, que actúa rápidamente y que además, se puede realizar en casa sin peligro de consecuencias negativas. Objetivos específicos: 1. Ser capaz de describir e identificar las manifestaciones del trauma. 2. Aprender y describir dos técnicas terapéuticas breves en el tratamiento del trauma 3. Definir una técnica breve terapéutica que puede ser utilizada para fomentar el cambio 4. Destacar el rol del o de la terapeuta durante el tratamiento de los traumatismos 5. Ser capaz de describir, diseñar y establecer metas de la terapia y promover cambios mediante el uso de técnicas de terapia breve. Métodos: la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR), es un método complejo e integrador de la psicoterapia individual, mediante el que se guía al cliente utilizando un procedimiento para acceder a sus experiencias y resolver sus problemas conductuales y emocionales. El EMDR utiliza elementos de múltiples orientaciones psicoterapéuticas tanto psicodinámicas, como cognitivo- conductuales, enfoques centrados en el cliente, gestalt y bioenergéticos. La premisa subyacente de EMDR es que las experiencias de pánico y ansiedad se procesan de forma diferente por el cerebro que las experiencias habituales. La teoría subyacente es que durante el estrés, la memoria grava en una parte del cerebro responsable de las emociones de modulación (la amígdala) y se cierra temporalmente otra parte del cerebro (el hipocampo), responsable de procesamiento de la memoria normal. La experiencia traumática queda atrapada en el exterior y potencialmente no forma parte del procesamiento normal del cerebro, y el EMDR permite a la persona acceder a la experiencia y transformarla en memoria declarativa en el hipocampo. Con el método EMDR, el hipocampo se puede abrir a las emociones evocadas por la experiencia para que el/la cliente pueda soportarlas mientras se realiza el tratamiento. La distracción y la atención a la estimulación bilateral, desempeñan un importante papel que ayuda al cliente a experimentar las emociones como tolerables. Aunque cómo la distracción bilateral en concreto, facilita el procesamiento de las experiencias dolorosas, sea algo que todavía no se termina de entender. Por otra parte, las Intervenciones Breves de Terapias enfocadas al Cliente se centran en las excepciones del problema, pensando que a continuación se desarrollará un cambio natural en el comportamiento. Es una especie de visión orientada no en las formas tradicionales, sino hacia el futuro, sin profundizar demasiado en la “patología” sino más bien centrándose en lo que el sistema puede hacer para adaptarse a ella, puesto que ambos pueden decidir si esa “patología” es un problema o no lo es. Las Intervenciones de Terapia Breve enfocadas al Cliente se utilizan para resolver una variedad de problemas de comportamientos y actitudes, mediante el uso de los propios recursos de los y las clientes y las observaciones de las estrategias que utilizan para alcanzar los resultados deseados, en sus situaciones vitales habituales. Se trata de una buena técnica para establecer y mantener un contexto de cambio en el que los pequeños, pero útiles cambios, se anticipan y se buscan. En definitiva, la combinación de ambas técnicas con algunas variaciones desarrolladas por la Dra. Barreda-Hanson, han demostrado ser una herramienta poderosa para mejorar la respuesta al tratamiento en un período de tiempo más corto, teniendo también la ventaja de permitir practicar los ejercicios en casa. Aplicaciones: la aplicación habitual del EMDR ha sido el tratamiento de trastornos emocionales relacionados con eventos muy perturbadores o traumáticos. Pero también se usa para trabajar síntomas preocupantes como la ansiedad, la depresión, la culpa y la ira. E igualmente, se puede utilizar para mejorar recursos emocionales tales como la confianza y la autoestima. Procedimientos: - El taller se impartirá en español y el alumnado recibirá amplios folletos complementarios. - Se realizará en una única jornada, en sesión de mañana para teoría y de tarde para prácticas, trabajando cada modelo por separado. - Se espera que quienes asistan lleven una cuestión-problema sobre la que trabajar utilizando las diversas técnicas, pues aunque se utilizarán múltiples ej. de casos reales, se alentará a quienes participen a traer sus propias experiencias e ideas para debatir y trabajar sobre ellas.

The subsequent stress after trauma represents a dysfunctional disorder - internal and external - that is manifested in alterations in cognitive recognition and behavior, besides being associated somatic symptoms outcrop unconscious problems and anxieties. As one of the characteristics of post-traumatic stress, is the loss of balance between internal and external world of the sufferer. Therefore, given the complexity of post-traumatic responses, they can be categorized largely into psychopathological disturbances. Psychological stress arises from a stressful situation "real" external, tangible and reaction to this difficult experience, quite evokes a universal and consistent set of symptoms that cause reactions and responses primitive unconscious fears related to threats to life, which bring out fantasies and impulses incipiently overwhelming. The results are the thoughts that lead to dysfunctional responses and maladaptive behaviors. Objectives: The workshop is designed to provide students and psychology professionals - who work or want to work in this area of trauma and behavior change - the ability to quickly and efficiently use brief interventions, which may put in practice even in house. The workshop will explore how to evaluate initial both trauma as to clients. It will work history of trauma and its consequences will deepen and how design brief interventions to address them. It will also focus on finding out what changes customers want and through stories and views, using an adaptation of EMDR therapy and Solution Focused both to create the desired change, and to keep it. Thus the workshop is of particular interest to those working with people who have suffered any kind of trauma, or who perceive life events, experiences, etc.. that negatively affect them in their day to day. Also useful for persons suffering from OCD, especially disorders of thought. The most useful of the two techniques that have adapted along with other innovations of the author, are related to the creation of a safe, non-traumatic, acting quickly and also can be done at home without fear of consequences negative. Specific objectives: 1. Be able to describe and identify the manifestations of trauma. 2. Learn and describe two brief therapeutic techniques in the treatment of trauma 3. Define a short therapeutic technique that can be used to promote change 4. Outline the role of the therapist or during treatment of injuries 5. Be able to describe, design and establish goals of therapy and promote change through the use of brief therapy techniques. Methods: Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement (EMDR), is a complex and inclusive method of individual psychotherapy, which is guided by the client using a procedure to access their experiences and address their behavioral and emotional problems. The EMDR uses multiple elements of both psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approaches as cognitive-behavioral, client-centered approaches, gestalt and bioenergy. The underlying premise of EMDR is that experiences panic and anxiety are processed differently by the brain than normal experiences. The underlying theory is that during stress, gravel memory part of the brain responsible for emotions modulation (amygdala) and temporarily closes another part of the brain (hippocampus), responsible for normal memory processing. The trapped traumatic experience abroad and potentially not part of the normal brain processing, and EMDR allows people access to the experience and transform it into declarative memory in the hippocampus. With EMDR, the hippocampus can be opened to the emotions evoked by the experience that he / the client is able to bear while performing the treatment. Distraction and attention to bilateral stimulation, play an important role to help the client to experience emotions as tolerable. Although bilateral distraction how specifically facilitates the processing of painful experiences, is something that is not yet fully understood. Moreover, brief interventions focused Customer Therapies focus on the exceptions of the problem, thinking that then will develop a natural change in behavior. It is a kind of non-oriented view on traditional forms, but to the future, without going too deeply into the "pathology" but rather focus on what the system can do to adapt to it, since both can decide whether this "pathology "is a problem or not. Brief therapy interventions focused Customer are used to solve a variety of problem behaviors and attitudes, using their own resources and comments from customers and the strategies used to achieve the desired results in their situations normal life. This is a good technique to establish and maintain a context of change in that small but useful changes, anticipate and seek. In short, the combination of both techniques with some variations developed by Dr. Barreda Hanson, have proved a powerful tool for improving the response to therapy in a shorter period of time, having also the advantage of allowing in practice exercises house. Applications: the routine application of EMDR has been the treatment of emotional disorders associated with very disturbing or traumatic events. But also used to work worrying symptoms such as anxiety, depression, guilt and anger. And also, can be used to enhance emotional resources such as confidence and self-esteem. Procedures: - The workshop will be taught in Spanish and students will receive extensive additional brochures. - Will be held in a single day, in morning session and afternoon theory to practice, working each model separately. - Who are expected to attend with a question-problem on which to work using various techniques, for example, although multiple use. real cases, those involved are encouraged to bring their own experiences and ideas to discuss and work on them.

Keywords: Brief Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. Wesselmann, D. (2009, August). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviors associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child’s ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, help the child stay regulated, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviors, coping, and relationships.

Keywords: Children RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

62. Wesselmann, D. (2010, June). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviours. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviours associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child's ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, provide a secure holding environment, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviours, coping, and relationships.

Keywords: Children RAD Reactive Attachment Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

63. Fisher, J. A. (2000, November). Adapting EMDR techniques in the treatment of dysregulated or dissociative patients. Presentation at the International Society for the Study of Dissociation Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Since its inception, EMDR [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing] has been understood by both clinicians and patients as a powerful vehicle for processing traumatic experience but one to be undertaken only when the patient has achieved some degree of stabilization (Shapiro, 1992). In DID and DDNOS patients, that baseline stability is also supposed to include a level of internal communication and consensus that would permit cooperation between parts of self about how to tolerate the memory processing and how to re-stabilize afterward. However, as any clinician who works with this population knows, some dissociative disorder patients never achieve that degree of internal coherence, and some have a long, rocky, tumultuous, exhausting road to travel before they get there. Faced with the DID or DDNOS patient who cannot tolerate affect or associations to traumatic memories; who cannot control switching, get grounded, or resolve internal struggles over power and control; who is unable to manage selfdestructive impulses; who cannot differentiate past and present experience; who is even unable to tolerate Resource Development (Korn & Leeds, 2002) or create a Safe Place inside—is there any way that EMDR can be helpful?

Keywords: Dissociation Dysregulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

64. Cotraccia, A. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing and a systemic biopsychosocial model. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 27-36. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.27.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Shapiro's (2001) adaptive information processing (AIP) model portrays an innate healing system hypothesized to be composed of neurophysiological mechanisms of action causally related to the resolution of disturbing life experiences. The author expands the model to include psychosocial mechanisms and suggests that a model of a biopsychosocial system can best depict causal properties related to positive outcomes of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Teleofunctionalist and evolutionary perspectives are applied: the first, to explain the inclusion of the psychological and social features highlighted in the updated model; the second, to support the hypothesis that AIP is a goal of the human attachment system. It is posited that bonding, following a disturbing life experience, facilitates the access of information related to previous states, thus allowing an update of self/world models. These interactions are analogous to psychotherapeutic encounters, with multiple levels of information processing at subpersonal, personal, and interpersonal levels. Analysis of the causal properties of personal and interpersonal levels supports a broader understanding of AIP's scope in conceptualizing psychopathology and informing treatment applications and research.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Biopsychosocial Internal Working Models Teleofunctionalism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

65. Meignant, I. (2010, July). Adaptive information processing model (AIP). Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This Abstract will explore EMDR as an AIP model of psychotherapy. The following aspects will be discussed. Foundation of pathologies: unprocessed physiologically stored memories of life experiences. Definition of Trauma: Any life experience that has a negative on going impact on a person’s life. Therapy goal: Accessing and reprocessing physiologically stored memories of life experiences, triggers and encoding future templates. Memory as composed of: sensory information (smell, image, sound, taste and touch), cognitions, emotions and body sensations. EMDR as a 3 stage therapy model: Past, Present, Future Three themes explored in EMDR therapy: 1) Responsibility (which includes Culpability and Self-esteem) 2) Safety, and 3) Choice The Eight phases of EMDR: Departure and Arrival stations: SUDs , VOC, and BODY scan

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

66. Leeds, A. (2008, September). Adaptive information processing, attachment theory and EMDR case conceptualization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
With complex cases many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.

Keywords: AIP Attachment Theory Case Conceptualization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

67. Hensley, B. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing, targeting, the standard protocol, and strategies for successful outcomes in EMDR reprocessing. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 92-100. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.92.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article provides excerpts from each chapter of An EMDR Primer: From Practicum to Practice (Hensley, 2009) to assist novice eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinicians who are learning how to use this approach and to serve as a refresher for therapists who have not used EMDR consistently in their practices. Actual cases are presented that demonstrate various strategies that the therapist can use to help clients reach adaptive resolution of trauma. Tables and figures highlight important features to explain the obvious and subtle nuances of EMDR. Focal points are the following: (a) the adaptive information processing model; (b) the types of targets accessed during the EMDR process; (c) the 8 phases of EMDR; (d) the components of the standard EMDR protocol used during the assessment phase; (e) past, present, and future in terms of appropriate targeting and successful outcomes; and (f) strategies and techniques for dealing with challenging clients, high levels of abreaction, and blocked processing.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Cognitive Interweave Three-Pronged Approach Types of Targets Unblocking Strategies

Accuracy Verified: Yes

68. Wheeler, M. S. (1997, December). Adlerian interventions and applications: The creating context technique. Journal of Individual Psychology, 53(4), 396-406.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Therapists who are trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (Shapiro, 1995) may try using the Creating Context Technique when a client is not stable enough for EMDR or when a client is unwilling to try EMDR. An example will be presented to demonstrate the use of the technique with a typical problem.

Keywords: Adlerian Psychotherapy Adlerian Psychotherapy Connexions Focusing Technique Psychotherapeutic Techniques

Accuracy Verified: Yes

69. New South Wales Court of Appeals. (1995, December). Admissibility of evidence from hypnosis or EMDR. Law Society Journal, 33(11), 16.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As a result of the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal's decision in R v Tillott & Ors on 1 September 1995 it has become important to provide procedural guidelines for obtaining evidence of witnesses who have undergone hypnosis or Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. The guidelines for hypnosis, now also applicable to EMDR, are not a strict test of admissibility - or a requirement - but failure to comply with the guidelines may result in the court declining to admit such evidence, whether proffered by the Crown or from a witness for the defence.[Source abstract]

Keywords: Hypnosis Law Legal

Accuracy Verified: Yes

70. Molero-Zafra, M., & Perez-Marin, M. (2011, Julio). Adopcion: Un protocolo basado en EMDR, terapia familiar narrativa y la teoria del apego [Adoption: A protocol based on EMDR, family therapy, narrative and attachment theory]. En Aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el IX Congreso Nacional de Psicología Clínica, San Sebastián, España .

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
La adopción es un tema actual, cuyo interés crece progresivamente. Su vigencia social resulta incuestionable si atendemos al incremento exponencial de niños adoptados por familias españolas, especialmente en adopciones internacionales. La Ley de Adopción vigente en España contempla la adopción como un recurso de protección para aquellos niños/as que no puedan permanecer en su propia familia. Para que se cumpla este objetivo deben arbitrarse todos los mecanismos necesarios que garanticen al niño una familia capaz de asegurar las atenciones propias de la función parental (atención, desarrollo y educación). Los niños adoptados pueden sufrir trastornos como cualquier otro niño, ahora bien, sus experiencias de vida anteriores pueden afectar en mayor grado su desarrollo emocional, social y familiar. Las experiencias vinculares durante la infancia, influyen significativamente en la capacidad para formar relaciones íntimas y emocionalmente saludables. Asimismo, para la formación y cambio de actitudes a lo largo de nuestra vida, van a ser fundamentales nuestros grupo de referencia, siendo la familia uno de los más importantes (López et al., 1999). La empatía, el afecto, el deseo de compartir, el inhibirse de agredir, la capacidad de amar y ser amado y un sinnúmero de características de una persona asertiva, operativa y feliz, están asociadas a las capacidades medulares de apego formadas en la infancia y niñez temprana (Punset, 2008). El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar un protocolo de abordaje psicológico ante las dificultades que afectan a las familias con problemas de adaptación en casos de adopción. Partiendo de la perspectiva conceptual de la teoría del apego, intentamos promover en estas familias una base de apego seguro, mediante el uso de herramientas terapéuticas de la terapia familiar narrativa y el EMDR. Se presenta el protocolo elaborado para tal fin y un caso para la comprensión de la aplicación del tratamiento.

Adoption is a current issue, whose interest grows gradually. Its validity social is unquestionable if we consider the exponential increase of adopted children Spanish families, especially in international adoptions. The Adoption Act force in Spain provides for the adoption as a source of protection for those children / as not to remain in their own family. To fulfill this objective must be put all the necessary mechanisms to guarantee the child a family able to secure the attentions of parenting (care, development and education). Adopted children may suffer from disorders like any other child, however, previous life experiences can affect their development to a greater extent emotional, social and family life. Relational experiences during childhood influence significantly in the ability to form intimate and emotionally healthy. Also, for the formation and change of attitudes throughout our lives, will be essential to our reference group, the family being one of the most important (Lopez et al., 1999). Empathy, affection, desire to share, the inhibited of attack, the ability to love and be loved and a host of features of a assertive person, operational and happy, are associated with the core competencies of attachment formed in infancy and early childhood (Punset, 2008). The aim of this paper is to present a protocol of psychological approach to the difficulties affecting families with adjustment problems in cases of adoption. From the conceptual perspective of attachment theory, we try in these families to promote a secure attachment base through the use of tools therapeutic narrative family therapy and EMDR. We present a protocol developed for this purpose and a case for understanding the application of the treatment.

Keywords: Adoption Attachment theory Family Therapy Narrative Theory Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

71. Schubert, S., & Lee, C. W. (2009). Adult PTSD and its treatment with EMDR: A review of controversies, evidence, and theoretical knowledge. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 117-132. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.117.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article provides an overview of selective issues relating to adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The article begins by providing a historical overview of PTSD, and debates about the etiology and definition of PTSD are discussed. The most predominant theories of PTSD are summarized by highlighting how they have evolved from traditional behavioral accounts based on the assumption that PTSD is an anxiety disorder to theories that now incorporate information-processing models. This article then examines the development of EMDR and the corresponding body of research that clearly demonstrates its efficacy for the treatment for adult PTSD. The underlying mechanisms of EMDR are discussed, with a focus on the importance of the eye movement component and how the therapeutic processes in EMDR differ from those of traditional exposure therapy. Finally, the adaptive information-processing (AIP) model that underlies EMDR is outlined, and evidence for the model is summarized. The article concludes by suggesting future research based on questions raised about PTSD and its treatment with EMDR when the AIP model is compared to other information-based theories of PTSD.

Keywords: Adult Mechanism of Action Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

72. Broad, R. D. & Wheeler, K. (2006, May). An adult with childhood medical trauma treated with psychoanalytic psychotherapy and EMDR: A case study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(2), 95-105. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2006.00058.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Problem: Adverse childhood experiences have been found to be a strong predictor of emotional and physical problems in adulthood. However, the long-term sequelae for children who have suffered critical illness and exposure to invasive medical procedures are less well documented. Methods: This is a case study of an adult client who sought treatment for depression and attention deficit disorder. The psychotherapy treatment is discussed and the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is described targeting a memory of a medical trauma resulting from a tonsillectomy when the client was 8 years old. Conclusions: Significant healing outcomes were attained as a result of the therapy, i.e., decreased depression, less hypervigilance, and increased ability to concentrate, which resulted in the discontinuation of medication for depression and ADHD as well as significant improvement in overall functioning.

Keywords: Childhood Medical Trauma Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Adverse Childhood Experiences Depression Attention Deficit Disorder Early Experience Major Depression PTSD Psychoanalysis Childhood Development Clinical Case Study Empirical Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

73. Vogelmann-Sine, S., Popky, A. J., Lazrove, S., Sine, L., Speare, J., Wade, D., & Wade, T. (1995, June). Advanced clinical applications of EMDR to addictive behaviors. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop addresses the application of standard and modified EMDR treatment protocols to addictive and compulsive behaviors including substance abuse/dependence, overeating, smoking, love addiction. Individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors frequently have suffered from childhood trauma and neglect resulting in developmental arrests, as well as a variety of maladaptive behaviors which are trauma-related and serve to minimize pain. The successful implementation of EMDR to addictive behaviors requires that EMDR be used as part of an overall treatment program carefully addressing the needs of individuals who have been traumatized and are exhibiting addictive behaviors. A thorough diagnostic work up is needed aimed at assessing comorbidity, dissociation, and a detailed trauma history covering childhood traumas and traumas suffered as adults including traumas that occur as a consequence of addictive behaviors. Careful client preparation is essential to assist individuals in coping adequately with the high levels of emotion experienced during EMDR Clients' readiness to stop compulsive/addictive behaviors needs to be carefully evaluated. A decision tree aimed at determining the appropriateness of EMDR to individuals diagnosed with addictive behaviors is presented which assists clinicians in minimizing the premature use of EMDR. EMDR is a client centered method, and thus, careful pacing is needed with this population to reprocess underlying traumatic issues. This frequently implies utilizing a modified EMDR treatment protocol with only partial resolutions of underlying traumatic material. Guidelines will be discussed to assist clinicians in selecting EMDR targets for optional results which relate to the stages of recovery. EMDR can be used at all stages of recovery to neutralize the negative impact of memories contributing to problematic behaviors, such as urges to use, ambivalence about treatment, fear of facing painfull feelings from the past. EMDR also has the power to install templates for future actions which assist individuals with skill deficits in more rapidly acquiring necessary skills for a successful recovery. Examples of cognitive interweaves are presented which take into consideration clients' readiness, as well as the need to accelerate the recovery process. EMDR has a unique role in the recovery of traumatized individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors since the accelerated processing of negative experiences and the installation of positive adaptive cognitions assist clients in more rapidly overcoming barriers throughout the recovery process. It also challenges rigid approaches to recovery which frequently stress that trauma work should not be attempted before abstinence has been accomplished for a specified period of time. EMDR is especially valuable in processing core issues which center around shame and manifest in cognitions, such as "I am defective," "There is something wrong with me," "I am not good enough," "I am not quite right," "I don't belong," "I don't deserve to live." Case examples will be given as to how such core issues can be targeted to accelerate the recovery process. A.J. Popky has developed a specialized EMDR treatment protocol which targets levels of urges of addictive/compulsive behaviors directly and installs a positive internal state of feeling empowered without relying on compulsive and addictive behaviors. Case examples fiom clinical practice indicate that when levels of urges are targeted directly, underlying traumas frequently emerge without increasing clients' usage. The symposium addresses the application of this protocol to a range of addictive and compulsive behaviors. The Wades' integrative psychotherapy combines ego-state therapy and EMDR in a psychosocial developmental context. Their substance use disorders treatment program incorporates specialized applications of their integrative psychotherapy, which includes both individual and group therapy and employs hypnosis as well as EMDR Their presentation focuses on applications of the standard EMDR protocol in individual therapy, which is limited primarily to desensitization of dysphoric affect and reprocessing negative cognitions associated with grief and trauma. Their conceptual framework of substance use disorders proceeds from a goal of reducing the harm caused by substance use and a primary distinction between functional and autonomous use (rather than the DSM conceptualizations of "dependence" or "abuse") because this guides interventions. Initial treatment planning depends upon external constraints (e.g., lack of support for positive change, hostile environment), internal limitations (e.g., severity of substance use and its effects, neurocognitive deficits, inadequate "ego strength," lack of skills, disrupted psychosocial development, psychological trauma) and the nature of the substance use disorder (i.e., functional, autonomous, or both). Methods include education about substance use disorders and processes of change, group therapy to develop skills and obtain feedback and support, individual therapy to correct disrupted development and resolve traumatic stress reactions, and exercises to apply what is learned in real-life situations. The standard EMDR protocol is applied to disrupted development involving grief and to resolve psychological trauma that lead to substance use. Case vignettes in which such applications of the standard EMDR protocol were employed are presented in detail.

Keywords: Addictions Substance Abuse Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

74. Nielsen, T. (1991). Affect desensitization: A possible function of REMs in both waking and sleeping states. Sleep Research, 20, 10.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Recent evidence (1) that rapid eye movements (REMs) elicited systemically during psychotherapy (Eye Movement Desensitization/Reprocessing (EMD/R) produce immediate and lasting alleviation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms suggests that the REMs of REM sleep may serve a similiar affect desensitization function (1.2). Although little is known about how EMD/R works, preliminary, positive results from an independent replication (3) and several independent clinical case studies (4.5) have been reported. Exploration of the relationships between EMD/R and REM sleep may thus prove useful in understanding how both RE/R and REM sleep function to modify affect.

Keywords: Affect Rapid Eye Movements REM

Accuracy Verified: Yes

75. Turner, E. (2005, September). Affect regulation for children through art, play and storytelling. Presentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Traumatized and neglected children are likely to have deficits that results in low affect tolerance, leading to a tendency to become overwhelmed and dissociate during trauma processing. This workshop will describe the impact of the abuse and neglect on emotional regulation and the need for fun and developmentally appropriate experiences that build internal resources prior to trauma processing. Through live demonstration and small group activities, participants will learn to integrate EMDR principles with art interventions that help children identify emotion and tolerate affect. They will be able to apply EMDR principles to common games to increase affect tolerance and install resources and will be able to identify the EMDR principles inherent in effective storytelling appropriate for the preparation phase.

Keywords: Affect Regulation Art Therapy Children Play Therapy Storytelling

Accuracy Verified: Yes

76. Turner, E. (2005). Affect regulation for children through art, play, and storytelling. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing, (pp. 327-344). New York: W W Norton & Co. xi, 360 pp.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Affect Regulation Affect Tolerance Art Emotional Control Emotional Regulation Play Play Therapy Safety Storytelling Tolerance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

77. Kirsch, A., & Seidler, G. (2007). Affekt und trauma: Mimisch affektive beziehungsregulation bei gewaltopfern in der EMDR therapie [Affect and trauma: Facial affective behavior and relationship regulation in violence victims during EMDR therapy]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie, Psychotherapiewissenschaft, Psychologische Medizin (ZPPM), 5(2), 53-66.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Patienten mit PTBS ein spezifisches Interaktionsverhalten in die Beziehung implementieren, das sich im mimisch affektiven Ausdruck und insbesondere im affektiven Mikroverhalten ausdrückt. Das mimisch-affektive Verhalten wurde mit dem Emotional Facial Action Coding System (EMFACS) analysiert. EMFACS ist ein Kodiersystem zur Erfassung von mimischen Expressionen, die den Primäremotionen zugeordnet werden. Zusätzlich wurde das Blickverhalten der Interaktanden kodiert und mit den Emotionen in Beziehung gesetzt. Patienten mit einer akuten Traumatisierung zeigen eine Reduktion der gesamten mimischen Aktivität sowie der Primäremotionen. Bezogen auf das Blickverhalten findet sich bei den PTSD-Patienten ein reduziertes beidseitiges Anblicken. Das mimisch affektive Verhalten der Patienten wurde in der ersten und der letzten EMDR-Sitzung verglichen. Es zeigte sich eine leichte Erhöhung.

It is assumed that patients with mental diseases implement a specific interaction pattern, that is expressed in the facial affective expression and particularly in facial-affective micro-behaviours. The facial affective behaviour was coded with the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. Afterwards these analyses were connected with gazing behaviour. Patients with an acute trauma showed a reduction of overall facial expressions and a reduced frequency of facial affects. Taking the gazing behaviour into consideration it became obvious that PTSD patients showed decreased portion of mutual gaze. Furthermore the facial affective expression of the patients' first and last EMDR session was compared. A slight increasing of facial affective expression and also an increase of the psychic complains was found. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Crime Emotional Numbing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

78. Staff. (2005, June). The aftermath of devastation. IMA Around the Globe, 2, 3-4.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Dr. Gary Quinn, co-chairman of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in Israel and Director of the Jerusalem Stress and Trauma Institute, was the leader of a humanitarian mission, nade up if Angle-Israeli mental-health professionals, and practitioners of EMDR, sent to Thailand at the beginning of February.

Keywords: Gary Quinn Humanitarian Project

Accuracy Verified: Yes

79. Leeds, A. (2010, July). AIP case forumation and treatment planning. Preconference presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification as a model for case formulation that can assist in predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With multiple, divergent models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text (Shapiro, 2001), this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004), Leeds (2004) and de Jongh, et al., (2010). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Treatment Planning

Accuracy Verified: Yes

80. Edalatian-McCain, N. (2008, September). AIP model and treatment of clients with dissociative symptoms or disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Principles derived from Adaptive Information Processing, the theoretical basis of EMDR that are particularly relevant to working with clients with dissociation are discussed. These include principles that explain the development of dissociation, as well as those that inform treatment. Using case vignettes, these principles are applied to all phases of EMDR treatment, from case conceptualization to re-processing of traumas. It is shown how AIP informs the therapist of the prerequisites for successful trauma processing, needed resources, in-session tools, how to guide the client through reprocessing of the traumatic material in an adaptive way, and how to prevent re-traumatization.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Model Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

81. Leeds, A. M. (2009, August). AIP, attachment theory and EMDR Case conceptualization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
With complex cases, many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

82. Leeds, A. (2010, June). AIP, attachment theory and EMDR case conceptualization. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
With complex cases, many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004, 2009). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Theory Case Conceptualization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

83. Sack, M. (2006). Aktuelle befunde zu wirkfaktoren der EMDR-behandlung [Recent findings on effective factors of EMDR treatment]. Sack Website.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Das EMDR-Behandlungsverfahren (EMDR= eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) wurde von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro entwickelt und seit 1989 als manualisiertes Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung von Patienten mit Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen (PTSD) und anderen traumabezogenen Symptomen eingesetzt. Die Grundvorgehensweise besteht darin, dass der Patient in der Sicherheit einer haltgebenden therapeutischen Beziehung eine Konfrontation mit seinen traumatischen Erinnerungen erlebt. Ziel der Traumabearbeitung ist die Integration von kognitiven, emotionalen und körperlichen Reaktionen auf das Trauma indem die Erinnerungen wiederbelebt, wahrgenommen und verarbeitet werden. Anders formuliert, wird die durch das Trauma induzierte Dissoziation wieder aufgehoben. Die in der traumatischen Situation unterbrochene Verbindung zwischen Wahrnehmungen, Gedanken, Emotionen und Körperreaktionen wird wieder hergestellt. Danach erfolgt eine Bearbeitung von dysfunktionalen Kognitionen, wie z.B. von Schuldgefühlen, die auf unrealistischen Einschätzungen der traumatischen Situation beruhen (Shapiro 1998). Abweichend von der klassischen verhaltenstherapeutischen Traumaexposition werden im EMDR die Traumaexpositionsphasen nur relativ kurz (30 – 90 sec) durchgeführt und durch bilaterale Stimulierung in Form von Augenbewegungen (der Hand des Therapeuten mit den Augen folgen) oder durch alternative Berührungsreize auf die linke und rechte Hand (sog. Tapping) oder durch alternativ dargebotene Töne ausgelöst.

The EMDR treatment process (EMDR = eye movement desensitization and Reprocessing) was developed by psychologist Francine Shapiro of the American developed and since 1989 as a manualized therapies for the treatment of Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other traumabezogenen symptoms used. The basic approach is that the patient in the safety of a therapeutic relationship haltgebenden a confrontation with traumatic memories experienced. The aim of the Trauma treatment is the integration of cognitive, emotional and physical Reactions to the trauma memories revived by the perceived and processed. In other words, is induced by the trauma Dissociation rescinded. The interrupted in the traumatic situation Link between perceptions, thoughts, emotions and Reaction of the body is restored. This is followed by a treatment of dysfunctional cognitions, e.g. feelings of guilt, based on unrealistic Assessments of the traumatic situation are based (Shapiro 1998). Notwithstanding are from the classical behavioral trauma exposure in EMDR the phases of trauma exposure is relatively short (30-90 sec) and conducted by bilateral stimulation in the form of eye movements (the hand of the therapist follow with the eyes) or by alternative tactile stimuli on the left and right hand (so-called tapping) or alternatively Helping sounds triggered.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

84. Sinici, F., Erden, H. G., & Yurttas, Y. (2009, October). Akut stres bozuklu¤unda bir müdahale tekni¤inin uygulanabilirli¤i: Göz hareketleri ile duyars›zlaflt›rma ve yeniden ‹flleme (EMDR) [Applicability of an intervention technique in acute stress disorder: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Yeni Symposium Journal, 47(4), 178-186.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Akut stres bozukluğu, Türkiye'de giderek artan ve kişinin hayat kalitesini oldukça bozabilen bir sorundur. Bu konuyla ilgili olarak yapılan çalışmalarda hangi tedavi şeklinin daha yararlı olduğu konusunda kesin bir karara varılamamıştır. Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: EMDR] tekniği, travmatik anıların birkaç uygulama oturumunda çözümlenebileceğini ifâde eden bir yaklaşımdır. EMDR oturumlarında hastadan yaşadığı bir travma sahnesi hayâl etmesini, olumsuz benlik imajı, travma ile ilgili olumsuz duyguları ve beden duyumlarını aklında tutması istenmektedir. Hastaya çift taraflı uyarı verilmektedir [gözün sağa sola hareketi, sağ ve sol kulağa verilen ses veya sağ ve sol ele verilen titreşim vb.]. Daha sonra danışana ortaya çıkan görüntü, duygu ve fiziksel duyumları anlatmaktadır. Bu tekrarlanan işlemler hastadaki olumsuz düşünce ve duygular duyarsızlaşıncaya kadar devam etmektedir. Olumsuz duygu ve düşüncelerin yerini olumlu duygu ve düşünceler almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı hastaların hayat kalitelerini bozan ve travma sonrasındaki ilk 4 hafta içinde aşırı korku, çaresizlik veya duygusal tepkisizlikle beraber, diğer belirtilerin de görülebildiği akut stres bozukluğunun tedavisinde yeni bir yöntem olan ve 2 yıldır aktif olarak uyguladığımız göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme [EMDR] tekniği konusunda yazılmış literatür bilgilerini gözden geçirerek bu konuda son yaklaşımların ortaya konulmasını sağlamaktır. Bununla birlikte EMDR tekniğinin yaygınlaştırılarak faâl olarak kullanılması hem hastalar hem de uygulayıcılar açısından büyük yararlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Acute stress disorder is a syndrome that significantly disturbs the quality of life and has been increasingly observed in Turkey. Although there are many studies on this subject, there is no consensus about the best treatment choice. Eye Movements Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR] technique is a novel approach that helps to resolve traumatic memories in a few sessions. In EMDR sessions, patients are asked to think about the trauma scene that has occurred and keep the negative self image and negative feelings about the trauma and bodily feelings in mind. Bilateral stimulation is presented to the patient [right and left movement of the eye, sound to right and left ear and vibration to right and left hand etc]. Later arising images express the feelings and physical sensations. This procedure is repeated until desensitization to negative thought and feelings are achieved. Negative thought and feelings are replaced by positive thought and feelings. Purpose of this study is to review the studies in literature and describe the up-to-date approaches about EMDR technique which is a novel method in treatment of acute stress disorder that disturbs patient quality of life and presents with excessive fear, desperation, emotional desensitization and other symptoms within 4 weeks following the trauma and we have been using this treatment method frequently for more then 2 years. Nevertheless widespread and effective use of EMDR will provide considerable benefit for both patients and the performers.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD: Behavior Therapy Emotional Disorder Eye Movement Fear Human Memory Disorder Psychologic Assessment Quality of Life Review Stimulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

85. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment (2001, April). Alert: EMDR - Psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people - early assessment briefs. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU).

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Findings by SBU Alert, Version: 1,
METHOD AND TARGET GROUP: EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
PATIENTS BENEFITS, RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS: Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS: There are no economic assessments of EMDR. Limited data suggest that fewer treatments are needed to achieve the desired outcome with EMDR compared to other psychotherapeutic methods. This suggests that EMDR is a potentially cost-effective method in relation to the alternatives, under the assumption that the effects of treatment are permanent.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE: There is moderate* scientific evidence to show the benefits of EMDR treatment in children and adolescents. There is no* documentation concerning the cost-effectiveness or effects beyond 6 months. Since the scientific documentation is limited, the effects of EMDR treatment in both the short and long term should be compared in studies with other treatment alternatives, including standard treatment. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the method should be studied under Swedish conditions. *This assessment by SBU Alert uses a 4-point scale to grade the quality and evidence of the scientific documentation. The grades indicate: (1) good, (2) moderate, (3) poor, or (4) no scientific evidence on the subject. This summary is based on a report prepared at SBU in collaboration with Kerstin Bergh Johannesson, Lic. Psychol., Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala and has been reviewed by Prof. Mats Fredriksson, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
REFERENCES: 1.) Cahill SP, Carrigan MH, Frueh BC. Does EMDR work? And if so, why? A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):5-33. 2.) Chemtob CM, Nakashima J, Hamada R, Carlson J. Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related PTSD: a field study. J Clin Psychol, in press. 3.) Chemtob et al. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In: Foa EB, Keane TM, Friedman MJ, eds. Effective treatments for PTSD. New York: Guilford, 2000. 4.) Devilly GJ, Spence SH. The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorders. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):131-57. 5.) Lovett J. Small Wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: Free Press, 1999. 6.) Macklin ML, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Berry NJ, Orr SP, Pitman RK. Five-year follow-up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat-related post traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2000;41(1),24-27. 7.) Puffer MK, Greenwald R, Elrod DE. A treatment outcome study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized children and adolescents. Presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Denver, June 1996. 8.) Renfrey G, Spates CR. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A partial dismantling procedure. J Behav Ther Experiment Psychiatr 1994;25:231-239. 9.) Scheck MM, Schaeffer JA, Gilette CS. Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. J Trauma Stress 1998;11:25-44. 10.) Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures. New York: Guilford Press, 1995. 11.) Stallard P, Velleman R, Baldwin S. Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents. BMJ 1998;317:1619-1623. 12.) Soberman GB, Greenwald R, Rule DL. A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. J Aggression Maltreatment Trauma, in press. 13.) Tinker RH, Wilson SA. Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with children. New York: Norton & Co, 1999. 14.) van der Kolk B. Biological response to psychic trauma. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York: Plenum Press, 1993:25-33. 15.) van der Kolk B, Burbridge J, Susuki J. The psychobiology of traumatic memory; clinical implications of neuroimagery studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997;821:99-113. 16.) van Etten M, Taylor S. Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 1998;5:126-144. 17.) Wilson SA, Becker LA, Tinker RH. Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65(6):1047-1056. 18.) Wilson SA, Tinker RH, Hoff.
Alert is a joint effort by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), the Medical Products Agency, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Federation of Swedish County Councils. The complete report is available in Swedish only.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Guidelines PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

86. Solvey, P., & Ferrazzano de Solvey, R. C. (2006, January 2). Algunas fobias...¿Algunos traumas? - Segunda Parte [Some phobias...some traumas - Part 2]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=542/8/2009.

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Este artículo postula una relación unívoca, causa efecto entre la existencia de un trauma y la aparición posterior de una fobia. Estos traumas pueden ser de distinta naturaleza, pueden ser recordados y relacionados con la fobia, recordados y no relacionados con la fobia, olvidados y cuyo recuerdo emerge con las técnicas de avanzada, y traumas perinatales, cuyo recuerdo también puede emerger durante el reprocesamiento de la fobia. Se incluye una casuística de ejemplos clínicos, complementando la parte teórica de este trabajo, que postula una función de evolución adaptativa para las fobias.

This article posits a unilinear relation cause-effect relationship between the existence of a trauma and the subsequent appearance of a phobia. These traumas can be of different nature, can be remembered and associated with the phobia, remembered and not related to the phobia, forgotten and whose memory emerges with advanced techniques, and perinatal trauma, the memory may also emerge during the reprocessing of phobia. It includes a case series of clinical examples, complementing the theoretical part of this work, we hypothesize a role of adaptive evolution for phobias.

Keywords: Phobias Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

87. Solvey, P., & Ferrazzano de Solvey, R. C. (2006, January 3). Algunas fobias...¿algunos traumas? [Some phobias...some traumas?]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from ://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp%3FIdArticulo%3D54&ei=jV-zS9rxA4aKlwfm1_m7BA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CA0Q7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAlgunas%2Bfobias...%25C3%2582%25C2%25BFalgunos%2Btraumas%253F%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4SNNT_enUS353US354 3/12/2006.

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
Este artículo postula una relación unívoca, causa efecto entre la existencia de un trauma y la aparición posterior de una fobia. Estos traumas pueden ser de distinta naturaleza, pueden ser recordados y relacionados con la fobia, recordados y no relacionados con la fobia, olvidados y cuyo recuerdo emerge con las técnicas de avanzada, y traumas perinatales, cuyo recuerdo también puede emerger durante el reprocesamiento de la fobia. Se incluye una casuística de ejemplos clínicos, complementando la parte teórica de este trabajo , que postula una función de evolución adaptativa para las fobias.

This article posits a unilinear relation cause-effect relationship between the existence of a trauma and the subsequent appearance of a phobia. These traumas can be of different nature, can be remembered and associated with the phobia, remembered and not related to the phobia, forgotten and whose memory emerges with advanced techniques, and perinatal trauma, the memory may also emerge during the reprocessing of phobia. It includes a case series of clinical examples, complementing the theoretical part of this work, we hypothesize a role of adaptive evolution for phobias.

Keywords: Phobias Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

88. Formenti, L. (2008, Novembre). Alleanza terapeutica nel trattamento di bambini vittime di disastri collettivi [Therapeutic alliance in the treatment of child victims of mass disasters]. Presentazione Le applicazioni cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Nel lavoro verrà trattata la centralità dell’alleanza terapeutica in un intervento sul trauma effettuato su bambini vittime di disastri collettivi. L’autore illustrerà come tale alleanza risulta essere propedeutica al trattamento con EMDR e quanto sia fondamentale, per una piene riuscita della terapia, la creazione di un’alleanza allargata, che raggiunga anche i genitori e più in generale tutte le figure di accudimento che ruotano attorno ai bambini. Offrire supporto psicologico e EMDR ai genitori, infatti, accresce l’efficacia del trattamento nei bambini in quanto: • L’accordo con i genitori sulle attività terapeutiche che verranno svolte e sugli obiettivi di tale intervento, facilita il lavoro del terapeuta nella fase di preparazione del bambino. • La psicoeducazione fatta al genitore permette a quest’ultimo di aiutare il proprio bambino nello sviluppo di risorse aggiuntive per il contenimento emotivo, utili sia in fase di preparazione che durante la vera e propria elaborazione del trauma. • Il benessere del genitore porta ad una risoluzione più rapida della sintomatologia del bambino, spesso determinata o aggravata proprio dall’intuizione del bambino circa il disagio del genitore e dal suo tentativo di porvi rimedio. Tutto ciò verrà esposto con l’ausilio di due casi clinici di bambini trattati a seguito dell’incidente avvenuto in data 8 maggio 2007 a Stroppiana (VC) nel quale un pullman contenente tutti i bambini della scuola elementare si è ribaltato. 39 bambini sono sopravvissuti, 2 hanno perso la vita.

The work will be treated the centrality of the therapeutic alliance in a speech carried on trauma on child victims of collective disaster. The author illustrates how this alliance appears to be preparatory treatment with EMDR and the fundamental for a full success of therapy, the creation of an enlarged alliance, which also reaches parents and more generally all caregivers that revolve around children. Offer psychological support and EMDR to Parents, in fact, increases the effectiveness of treatment in children because: • The agreement with parents about therapeutic activities to be carried out and the objectives of such intervention, the therapist facilitates the work in preparing the child • The parent psychoeducation made to allow him to help your child development of additional resources for emotional content, useful both during preparation and during the actual processing of the trauma • The welfare of the parent leads to a more rapid resolution of symptoms of child, often determining or increasing the child's own intuition about the inconvenience the parent and its attempt to remedy. This will be explained with the help of two clinical cases of children treated after incident occurred on 8 May 2007 Stroppiana (VC) in which a bus containing all primary school children was overturned. 39 children survivors, 2 have died.

Keywords: Children Mass Disaster Therapeutic Alliance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

89. de Roos, C., & Went, M. (2011, April). Als woorden tekort schieten: EMDR bij preverbaal trauma [When words fail: EMDR for pre-verbal trauma]. Presentatie op de 5e jaarlijkse conferentie van EMDR Vereniging, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Infants (0-4 jarigen) kunnen allerlei traumatische gebeurtenissen meemaken zoals intrusieve medische handelingen, een ongeluk, seksueel misbruik en andere vormen van mishandeling. Daarnaast zijn er negatieve ervaringen die niet duidelijk identificeerbaar zijn zoals chronische oorpijn- of buikpijn. Ook deze ervaringen beinvloeden de ouder-kind interactie/ hechtingsrelatie en hebben daarmee hun weerslag op het vermogen tot emotieregulatie en het gedrag. Herinneringen aan deze gebeurtenissen zijn preverbaal en dus niet op bewust nivo toegankelijk. Daardoor worden zij gemakkelijk over het hoofd gezien als mede-oorzaak of instandhoudende factor van emotionele of gedragsproblematiek in de basisschoolleeftijd. Na aanmelding bij de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg wordt behandeling daarom vaak gericht op de aanpak van de huidige gedragsproblematiek (symptoombestrijding). Onze ervaring is dat EMDR hier een goede aanvulling biedt. Deze methode richt zich immers op de ‘onderlaag’ van de problematiek door negatieve ervaringen die hieraan gerelateerd zijn te verwerken. Daarna kan een inhaalslag gemaakt worden met betrekking tot de emotieregulatie waardoor zowel gedrag als de ouder-kind interactie verbeteren. Aan de hand van casuïstiek van infants en schoolkinderen wordt de indicatiestelling en toepassing getoond van het EMDR protocol bij de behandeling van kinderen die in de eerste 4 levensjaren getraumatiseerd zijn. In de presentatie wordt geillustreerd hoe de ‘verhalenmethode’ geintegreerd kan worden in een breder behandelaanbod. Werkvorm In de presentatie worden theorie en praktijk gecombineerd. Videobeelden ondersteunen het verhaal.

Infants (0-4 years), all kinds of traumatic experience as intrusive medical procedures, accidents, sexual abuse and other forms ofof abuse . There are also negative experiences that are not clearly identifiable as chronic ear pain or abdominal pain. These experiences affect the parent-infant interaction / attachment relationship and thus have their impact on the capacity for emotion regulation and behavior. Memories of these events are preverbal and not accessible on a conscious level. Thus they are easily overlooked as a cause or co-maintaining factor of emotional or behavioral problems in primary school. After reporting to the Mental Health Treatment is therefore often aimed at addressing the current behavioral problems (symptoms). Our experience here is that EMDR provides a good addition. This method is focused on the 'layer' of the problem by negative experiences related to this process. Then caught up with regard to both behavior and emotion regulation allowing the parent-child interactions improve. Through case studies of infants and schoolchildren being shown the indication and application of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of children who are traumatized life on April 1. The presentation illustrated how the 'stories'method can be incorporated into a broader range of treatment. Form In the presentation combines theory and practice. Video images support the story.

Keywords: Infants Children Pre-Verbal Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

90. Sack, M., Lempa, W., Steinmetz, A., Lamprecht, F., & Hofmann, A. (2008, October). Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma exposure using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) - Results of a preliminary. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(7), 1264-1271. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.007.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR combines stimuli that evoke divided attention – e.g. eye movements – with exposure to traumatic memories. Our objective was to investigate psycho-physiological correlates of EMDR during treatment sessions. A total of 55 treatment sessions from 10 patients with PTSD was monitored applying impedance cardiography. Onset of every stimulation/exposure period (n = 811) was marked and effects within and across stimulation sets on heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), pre-ejection period (PEP) and respiration rate were examined. At stimulation onsets a sharp increase of HRV and a significant decrease of HR was noticed indicating de-arousal. During ongoing stimulation, PEP and HRV decreased significantly while respiration rate significantly increased, indicating stress-related arousal. However, across entire sessions a significant decrease of psycho-physiological activity was noticed, evidenced by progressively decreasing HR and increasing HRV. These findings suggest that EMDR is associated with patterns of autonomic activity associated with substantial psycho-physiological de-arousal over time. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Germans Empirical Study Impedance Cardiography Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PSTD Quantitative Study Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

91. Oglesby, C. (1995). Alternative strategies for dealing with trauma and trauma in sport. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP), New Orleans, LA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Building upon the theory and research of Wolpe's Systematic Desensitization, a new approach has been developed for reintegrating trawmrtic events and holds promise for work with athletes at a variety of skill levels. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a brief intervention which enhances the individual's own in order to become perceived as insunnountable obstacles to the athlete's progress. This presentation will provide a brief overview of Shapiro's EMDR approach and describe the technique in genera1 terms. Qualification necessary to use the approach will be described as well as ways to network with EMDR-trained professionals. Two case studies of the use of this technique with athletes will be presented.

Keywords: Sports Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

92. Staff. (2002, November/December). Alternative treatments for anxiety disorders: EMDR. Triumph Newsletter.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: The alternative therapy addressed in this article is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) developed by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D. in 1987. One day, while walking in a park, Dr. Shapiro made a connection between her involuntary eye movements and the reduction of her negative thoughts. She decided to explore this link and began to study eye movements in relation to the symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by the development of symptoms after exposure to a traumatic event. Symptoms can include re-experiencing the event - either in flashbacks or nightmares - avoidance of reminders of the event, feeling jumpy, having difficulty sleeping, having an exaggerated startle response, and experiencing feelings of detachment.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

93. Engelhard, I. M. (2011, April). Altrecht en de Universiteit Utrecht [Altrecht and Utrecht University]. Casusbesprekingen op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Beschrijving casus: Het Utrechtse samenwerkingsverband dat wordt besproken, betreft een samenwerking tussen Altrecht en de Universiteit Utrecht. Altrecht is een gespecialiseerde ggz-instelling in de regio Utrecht en heeft een lange historie op het gebied van wetenschappelijk onderzoek. Door naast het doen van patiëntenzorg, wetenschappelijk onderzoek te verrichten in samenwerking met universiteiten en andere onderzoeksinstituten ontstaat wisselwerking tussen de klinische en de onderzoekspraktijk die de patiëntenzorg ten goede komt. In diverse onderzoekslijnen (onder meer bipolaire stoornissen, agressie/gedragstoornissen, eetstoornissen, somatoforme stoornissen, ouderen) zijn onderzoekers actief wat zich onder meer uit in internationale publicaties. Om academisering te faciliteren, is Altrecht in 2006 een formele relatie aangegaan met de Universiteit Utrecht. Methoden: De wijze van samenwerken zal worden besproken en geïllustreerd aan de hand van een specifiek onderzoeksproject, te weten een gerandomiseerde en gecontroleerde studie naar de effectiviteit van eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) bij posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTSS). Regionale.

Case Description: The Utrecht partnership that is discussed, a joint venture between Altrecht and Utrecht University. Altrecht is a specialized mental health institution in the region of Utrecht and a long history in scientific research. By also doing patient care, scientific research in collaboration with universities and Other research results interact between clinical and research practice the patient benefit. In several lines of research (including bipolar disorder, aggression / conduct disorder, eating disorders, somatoform disorders, the elderly) are researchers what is itself actively in international inter alia, publications. In order to facilitate academic, Altrecht was in 2006 entered into a formal relationship with the University of Utrecht. Methods: The mode of cooperation will be discussed and illustrated using a specific research project, to out a randomized controlled study of the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Regional

Keywords: Case Discussions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

94. Picciano, L. (2009, Fall). Alumni incorporate EMDR into psychodynamic treatment. GSAPP Alumni Newsletter, 10(2), 1,4.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
EMDR is a treatment developed by Francine Shapiro (2001) to reprocess traumatic experiences that are “locked” in the nervous system and give rise to current symptomatology. It involves an eight stage protocol in which clients select a target memory and, with the clinician, assess its cognitive, somatic, and emotional components as well as associated level of distress. The memory is then reprocessed through bilateral stimulation (most commonly eye movements) of the brain until the level of distress is reduced. Shapiro developed the “information-processing model” to explain EMDR’s “…treatment effects in terms of the association of memory networks” (Shapiro, 2002, p. 29). The reprocessing allows the client to “digest” a stuck traumatic memory by connecting it with more adaptive memory networks in the brain. EMDR originated as a treatment for PTSD, but EMDR protocols now exist for a variety of issues, such as phobias and grief. Originally developed with adults, its use has also been extended to children, but with modifications in technique.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

95. Lovett, J. M. (1998). Am I real?: Mobilizing inner strength to develop a mature identity. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st ed.) (pp. 191-216). New York: Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Chris was a 44-year old woman who had extremely low self-esteem, depression, panic attacks, and symptoms of dissociation when she began EMDR-facilitated therapy. Eye movement was used initially to reinforce healthy beliefs, physical sensations, and feelings related to experiences of safety, competence, well-being, and success based on prior learning. EMDR was then employed to target painful memories of childhood scenes with her parents, as well as erroneous beliefs and feelings of intense anxiety. Although none of the memories targeted occurred before age 5, the "white empty feeling" that was targeted seemed to represent the earlier deprivation. The desired positive cognition "I am significant" became the "umbrella cognition" containing various "sub-cognitions" (such as "I am loveable," "I deserve respect," and "I can take care of my needs").As Chris reprocessed traumatic childhood memories with EMDR, more and more of these sub-cognitions were integrated. Progress was not linear, but reprocessing the client's issues as she presented them gradually led to a more stable, flexible, and resilient sense of self. Eventually, the negative self-assessments dissipated. After 18 sessions Chris felt strong and confident, fully present, and eager to be involved in intimate relationships that were based on mutual respect. [Text, pp. 215-216] [Pilots]

Keywords: Adults Americans Anxiety Disorders Case Report Child Abuse Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Females Life Experiences Neglect Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Esteem Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

96. Wartik, N. (1994, Aug 7). The amazingly simple, inexplicable therapy. Los Angeles Magazine, 9.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
I've just seen a demonstration taped during the course of a recent study, of what's probably the most controversial psychotherapy in use today. In 1989, the first articles about an improbable-sounding tech nique for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (F'ISD) appeared in the psychological literature. PTSD. an anxiety disorder with a multitude of mental and physical symptoms, strikes after an ordeal such as rape. combat. chid abuse or natural disaster and can permanently scar a psyche. But with little more than a wave of the hand, it seemed, Eye Movement Desensitizatior. and Reprocessing (EMDR) could undo trauma's tormenting effects in a remarkably short time, sometimes in a single session. The procedure, originated by psychologist Francine

Keywords: General Mary Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

97. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Traumatology of grieving: conceptual, theoretical, and treatment foundations (pp. 153-182). Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]

Keywords: Assessment Bereavement Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

98. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. Figley (Ed.), Death-Related Trauma: Conceptual, Theoretical, and Treatemnt Foundations. London: Taylor & Francis.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract: The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]

Keywords: Death Traumatic Incident Reduction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

99. Xue, C. (2001, May). An analysis of stimulus conditions for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in psychotherapy. Pyschologie in Osterreich, 5, 434-441.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Keywords: Stimulus Conditions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

100. Selvig, A. L. (2004). Analyzing individual patterns of change in two treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. University of Georgia.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Two therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have received considerable support in the clinical literature: prolonged imaginal exposure (PE) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Although PE is empirically supported, its critics purport that it causes symptom exacerbation. In contrast, proponents of EMDR claim that its response pattern is characterized by rapid decline in symptoms. The current investigation aimed to study and compare the patterns of symptom change during PE and EMDR using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). HLM avoids many shortcomings inherent in traditional longitudinal analyses by focusing on trajectories of change rather than group means. 62 women with PTSD following rape were randomly assigned to 9 sessions of PE or EMDR. Results indicated that neither group experienced symptom exacerbation nor rapid symptom decline. The patterns of symptom change in the two groups were not significantly different. The strengths and limitations of HLM and the studys design were discussed.

Keywords: Patterns of Change PE Prolonged Exposure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

101. Kahveci, S., Erdogan, T., Karakus, D., Dogaroglu, S., Aydemir, S., Sen, G., Serpel, A., Kakan, N., & Ozgun S. (2010, June). Analyzing the effect of EMDR on pre-post menstrual disturbance. In Female issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Description of the study: Traumatic experiences may lead to body sensations. Some illnesses such as Migraine, ulcer and fibromyalgia which causes body disturbance have psychological roots. Steven Marcus also shows the relation between traumatic event and migraine in his studies. This study is inspired by the relationship between body disturbance related illnesses and traumatic experiences. In this study, physical and emotional disturbances experienced by women during the MDR menstrual cycle is studied by the use of EMDR. Participants in this study will receive a (max) 12 session EMDR treatment. All participants are going to fill a battery of tests consisting of Beck Depression Scale, STAI, Life Events Check List, Subjective Pain Level before and after the study and keep a diary of disturbance during the study. EMDR and the study: It is hypothesized that females who have more traumatic experiences related to menstrual cycle will experience disturbances during the menstrual cycle and after 12 first session of EMDR treatment there will be a decrease in reported disturbance levels. It is also hypothesized that the more negative cognitions a women has related to her gender/sexuality, the more disturbance she experiences. Learning objectives: Showing the way EMDR can be used in PMS and Dismenore Establishing the relationship between Pre- Post Menstrual Disturbances and negative & irrational beliefs related to gender identity. Enhancing the knowledge on the effect of previous negative life events on somatic sensations in the long term. Our study suggests that: Despite the fact that premenstrual Disturbances and Dismenore are quite common among the women, it is rarely studied by psychotherapists. In this study we reviewed the relevant literature and tried to show that these problems can be studied by using EMDR.

Keywords: Female Issues Pre Menstrual Post Menstrual Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

102. O'Shea, K. (2008, June). Anger, imagination and EMDR – what EMDR has taught us about the importance of anger and how to facilitate its safe release. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Jaak Panksepp’s text, Affective Neuroscience (1998), informs us of the vast amount of neurological data available to show that, like all mammals, anger is one of our basic affective circuits. Yet it is not identified as such in the diagnostic manual, at least here in the States. Only the destructive outcomes of angry behaviors are included. Guiding EMDR sessions over the past 17 years has given me the opportunity to observe the nondestructive release of anger as a protective response to harmful (traumatic) experiences. Imagination appears to provide us with an innate ability to acknowledge the degree of harm, and to experience, at a physical level, the capability to protect ourselves and others, if anything similar recurs. Following that release, I consistently see what I call “Compassion-with-Protection”, spontaneously expressed. Others call it “forgiveness”. Because of their experiences with destructive anger and our cultural avoidance of anger, clients often have difficulty allowing their angry feelings to be felt and released during EMDR work. Letting them know they have this capability can enable them to “just notice what happens” during trauma reprocessing. This workshop will address, via description and case examples, how EMDR has clarified the nature of anger. It will specify how EMDR clinicians can support their clients in releasing anger non-destructively (by clearing the anger circuit during Preparation, teaching them how the Imagination works - for self-use and during reprocessing, - and identifying the most efficient targeting sequences), so they can update their systems to their current level of capability and fully experience the “Compassion-with-Protection” that naturally follows.

Keywords: Anger Imagination

Accuracy Verified: Yes

103. Mestanza, R. (2007). Aplicación de terapia cognitivo conductual individual, grupal y EMDR, en adolescentes de 11 a 13 anos con altos nivelesde ansiedad del 8º ano de educación básica de la red educativia Helena Cortes Bedoya, en la ciudad de Quito, ano lectivo 2006-2007 [Application of individual and group cognitive behavioral EMDR therapy to 11 to 13 year old adolescents with high levels of anxiety in the 8th year of the Helena Cortes Bedoya educational network, City of Quito School Year 2006-2007]. Universidad Central Del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Psicologicas, Instituto Superior de Postgrado, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general, verificar si la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual individual, grupal y EMDR disminuyen la ansiedad en adolescentes de 11 a 13 años del 8º año de Educación Básica de la Red Educativa Helena Cortes Bedoya, Sector Carapungo de la ciudad de Quito, en el año lectivo 2006-2007. Se tomó como referencia que la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , es el conjunto de técnicas terapéuticas que han resultado del empleo sistemático del método experimental en la Psicología y demás disciplinas afines, empleados con el propósito de modificar pensamientos y conductas desadaptativas . En tanto que EMDR consiste en la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por medio del Movimiento Ocular u otras estimulaciones bi-hemisféricas especialmente para trabajar sobre recuerdos traumáticos. La investigación a realizarse fue de tipo explicativo con diseño cuasi- experimental con un grupo de sujetos estimado del 30 al 50 % del total de la población de adolescentes evaluados con el test ISRA-J. Con ISRAJ (Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad – Jóvenes ) se evaluó a 70 estudiantes de 8º Año de Educación Básica obteniendo 14 con alto nivel de ansiedad, a los cuales se les invitó a participar en el taller “ Jóvenes en Aprendizaje” durante 12 sesiones. Al grupo se realizó la evaluación pre y post tratamiento, para verificar si la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual individual y en grupo + EMDR, son efectivos para bajar niveles de ansiedad y considerando el género saber que grupo fue beneficiado en mayor medida. Verificada su efectividad, el programa anteriormente señalado, se aplicará para bajar niveles de ansiedad a todos los adolescentes que luego de ser evaluados con el test ISRAJ obtenga un puntaje directo de 51 a 75, con indicación de tratamiento necesario y de 76 a 100 con necesidad de terapia urgente.

The present research aimed generally verify whether cognitive behavioral therapy individual, group and EMDR decrease anxiety in adolescents 11 to 13 years of Grade 8 Basic Education Educational Network Helena Cortes Bedoya, Sector Carapungo of Quito, in the academic year 2006-2007. The reference used was that cognitive behavioral therapy, is the set of therapeutic techniques that have resulted from the systematic use of the experimental method in psychology and other disciplines, employees with the aim of changing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. While EMDR is Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement or other bi-hemispheric stimulation specifically to work on traumatic memories. The research was carried out explanatory type quasi-experimental design with a group of subjects estimated 30 to 50% of the total population of adolescents assessed with the ISRA-J test. With ISRAJ (Inventory of Situations and Responses of Anxiety - Young) was assessed 70 students from Year 8 Basic Education getting 14 with high anxiety, to which were invited to participate in the workshop "Young People in Learning" for 12 sessions. The group evaluation was performed before and after treatment, to verify if the individual and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy + EMDR group, are effective in lowering anxiety levels and considering the genre know that group was benefited most. Verified its effectiveness, the program noted above will apply to lower levels of anxiety to all adolescents be evaluated after the test will score ISRAJ live 51 to 75, indicating the necessary treatment and from 76 to 100 with need Urgent therapy.

Keywords: Adolescents Helena Cortes Bedoya Educational Network Group Behavioral Therapy Quito

Accuracy Verified: Yes

104. Tarquinio, C., Houbre, B., Fayard, A., & Tarquinio, P. (2009, October-December). Application de l’EMDR au deuil traumatique après une collision de train [EMDR applied for traumatic bereavement after train collision]. L’Evolution Psychiatrique, 74(4), 567-580. doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2009.09.004.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cette étude exploratoire a pour objectif de tester l’application de la thérapie Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) dans le cadre de la prise en charge du deuil traumatique. Le deuil traumatique, qui correspond à la perte brutale d’un autre significatif, répond à un tableau clinique précis dont les principales caractéristiques sont les pensées intrusives concernant le défunt et des difficultés d’ajustement face à la perte (sentiment de vide, difficultés à reconnaître le décès, irritabilité, absence de réactivité, etc.). Les huit participants de l’étude sont tous des membres de la famille des victimes de la collision de train qui a eu lieu le 12 octobre 2006 à Zoufftgen. Les sujets, âgés en moyenne de 35,2 ans (S.D. = 11,1) et comprenant 75%de femmes, ont suivi entre huit à 15 séances (m = 10,75 ; S.D. = 2,21) répondant au protocole EMDR. L’efficacité de la thérapie a été évaluée à partir de plusieurs critères comprenant la mesure du deuil traumatique, de l’anxiété, de la dépression et de la détresse psychologique. Cinq évaluations ont été réalisées : avant la prise en charge (T0), après six séances (T1), à la fin de la prise en charge (T2), puis à trois mois (T3) et 12 mois (T4) après la fin de la thérapie. Les principaux résultats semblent indiquer une efficacité de la prise en charge EMDR. En effet, on note une diminution de tous les indicateurs entre le début (T0) et la fin de la prise en charge (T2). En outre, lorsque cette diminution ne se poursuit pas à trois et à 12 mois, elle reste, au minimum, stable à un an. Ces premières observations sont d’autant plus encourageantes que 10 à 15% des patients endeuillés peuvent développer une dépression chronique.

The aim of this exploratory study is to test the application of therapy EMDR in case of traumatic bereavement. The traumatic bereavement, which corresponds to the brutal loss of “significant other”, answers a precise clinical picture whose principal characteristics are the intrusive thoughts concerning the late one and of the difficulties of adjustment to the loss (feeling of vacuum, difficulties of recognizing the death, irritability, lack of reactivity, etc). The eight participants all of this study are of the members of the family of the victims of the train collision, which took place on October 12, 2006 in Zoufftgen. The subjects, old on average 35.2 years (S.D. = 11.1) and including 75% women, followed between eight to 15 meetings (m = 10.75, S.D. = 2.21) answering protocol EMDR. The effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated starting from several criteria including traumatic bereavement, anxiety, depression and psychological distress. Five evaluations were carried out: before the therapy (T0), after six meetings (T1), at the end of the therapy (T2), then in three months (T3) and 12 months (T4) after the end of the therapy. The principal results seem to indicate an effectiveness of the therapy EMDR. Indeed, we observe a reduction in all the indicators between the beginning (T0) and the end of the therapy (T2). Moreover, when this reduction does not continue to three and 12 months, it remains, at least, stable at one year. These observations are very encouraging especially when it is known that 10 to 15% of the patient develops a chronic depression.

Keywords: Affective Disorder Anxiety Depression Traumatic Bereavement

Accuracy Verified: Yes

105. Negadi, F., Pelissolo, A., Jouvent, R., & Allilaire, J. F. (2007, Septembre). Application de l’EMDR en sexotraumatologie: Évolution de la comorbidité psychopathologique à propos d'un cas d'agression sexuelle [EMDR applied to sexual traumatology: Evolution of psychopathological comorbidity in the case of sexual aggression]. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique, 165(7), 523-528. doi:10.1016/j.amp.2007.06.002.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L'accès thérapeutique des patients victimes d'agression sexuelle est souvent à travers une double perspective: celle du traitement de stress post-traumatique (SSPT) et d'évitement sexuel. En légère ou modérée cas de SSPT, il ya des formes complexes où la comorbidité est plus évident et le taux d'échec thérapeutique est plus important. À l'heure actuelle des méthodes de traitement actif, basé sur l'exposition, plus particulièrement EMDR (désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement) considérée comme une thérapie brève et active, donnent de bons résultats dans le traitement de la symptomatologie traumatique. Peu d'études ont été menées sur l'évolution psychopathologique de patients ayant souffert d'agressions sexuelles et qui sont pris en charge par l'EMDR. Dans le cadre d'une étude de cas, les auteurs discutent des éléments indiquant une évolution rapide de la symptomatologie traumatique, l'évitement sexuel et de la régression de l'expression des signes de co-morbidité. [Auteur] Résumé

The therapeutic access of patients victims of sexual aggression is often through a double perspective: That of treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and of sexual avoidance. In light or moderate PTSD cases, there are complex forms in which co-morbidity is more evident and the rate of therapeutic failure is more important. At present active treatment methods based on exposure, more particularly EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) considered as a brief and active therapy, give good results in the treatment of traumatic symptomatology. Few studies have been undertaken on the psychopathological evolution of patients having suffered from sexual attacks and who are being taken care of by EMDR. Within the framework of a case study, the authors discuss elements indicating a rapid evolution of traumatic symptomatology, of sexual avoidance and of regression of the expression of the co-morbidity signs. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brief Therapy Clinical Case Study Sexotherapy Sexual Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

106. Srivastava, U., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2008, September). Application of EMDR in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A case study. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(2), 163-172.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article presents a case study applying Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in major depressive disorder. The study describes the application of Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model in the treatment of major depressive disorder and explores the use of EMDR with a 30 year old woman experiencing depressive symptoms with 3 suicidal attempts in 5 years. Due to strong negative reactions to psychiatric medicines, her treatment was discontinued several times and she was referred for psychotherapeutic intervention. After 9 EMDR treatment sessions, her depression was completely cured; her coping improved and other symptoms of anxiety and social withdrawal were completely controlled. Effects were checked and found maintained up to 6 months follow up. The clinical implications of application of EMDR have been explored.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Bilateral Stimulation BLS Case Study Depression EMs Eye Movements Major Depressive DIsorder Somatic Symptoms BHUJ experience.

Accuracy Verified: Yes

107. Solomon, R. M. (1998, July). The application of EMDR to critical incident trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) understand what a critical incident is, and learn about the phases of the emotional aftermath; 2) learn about the application of EMDR to critical incident trauma; 3) learn about patterns of resolution that involves responsibility, present safety, and empowerment and self-efficacy; 4) learn what a Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) is, and its utilization after a critical incident; 5) learn how EMDR and CISD can be utilized together; 6) learn about integrating EMDR and CISD within an overall treatment approach.

Keywords: CISD, Critical Incident Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

108. Manfield, P., & Shapiro, F. (2003). The application of EMDR to the treatment of personality disorders. In J. F. Magnavita (Ed.), Handbook of Personality Disorders: Theory and Practice (pp. 304-330). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Since its inception in 1987, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has evolved into an integrated approach to psychotherapy that synthesizes aspects of the major psychological orientations. As such, its comprehensive treatment effects span cognitive, somatic, and affective domains (Shapiro, 2002). Although most widely used to process single or multiple incident traumatic memories, it can be used effectively to treat many conditions. In this chapter, we describe the theoretical foundations of this approach and how it is used to treat personality disorders. A fundamental principle of the Adaptive Information Processing Model is that present disturbance and dysfunctional characteristics have their origins in past events; these antecedents, whether identified or not, can be processed to an adaptive resolution using EMDR. In treating personality disorders, the EMDR approach integrates procedures from many other orientations to stabilize clients and equip them to address their source memories. The accelerated processing of disturbing memories that takes place during EMDR makes it possible for clients to address and resolve their issues relatively rapidly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Personality Disorders Psychotherapeutic Processes Theories

Accuracy Verified: Yes

109. Hamilton, C. (1998, November). Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of dissociative disorders. Presentation at the annual conference of the international Society for the Study of Dissociation in Seattle, Washington.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

110. Hase, M. (2004, June). Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on severe posttraumatic stress disorder following a single traumatic event in elderly psychiatric patients. In single trauma and grief (L. Cornil, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Single traumatic events can lead to severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with serious effects on some and psyche as well as on social functioning. Often our focus in diagnostics is limited on obvious traumatic experiences according to the ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria of what a traumatic event should be. But trauma can be variant or masked by somatic illness or comorbid psychiatric disorder. Beside the straightforward PTSD cases, the clinician should pay attention to comorbidity and the effect of dysfunctionally stored, incompletely processed information in a variety of patients. PTSD seems to be underdiagnosed in elderly patients. This paper, as part of the symposium on the treatment of single traumatic events using EMDR, has it foundation in clinical practice and gives evidence on the importance if diagnosing for PTSD and applying appropriate treatment especially EMDR, in the subgroup of elderly patients. Two case examples of PTSD following a single traumatic event in the course of depressive illness and the course somatic illness illustrate important principles and give evidence of the successful application of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD following a single traumatic event with elderly patients. The guidelines for good clinical practice in the treatment of PSTD following a single traumatic event regarding EMDR standard protocol and procedural rules will be outlines. In some respects EMDR treatment has to be adapted to the special demands of the elderly. Some ideas will be formulated and discussed. The aim of the presentation is to encourage the clinician in engaging in active treatment of the sequelae of single traumatic events in general and specially to apply EMDR with elderly patients, hereby stimulating research on the application of EMDR with the elderly, a hitherto often neglected subgroup of patients.

Keywords: Elderly Grief Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Single Trauma Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

111. Hase, M. H. (2003, May). Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing on psychiatric in-patients in a psychiatric hospital setting. In EMDR with specific clinical applications. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Eating Disorders Hospital Setting In-Patients Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

112. Callipo, N. (2007-2008). Applicazioni del pensiero controfattuale negli esiti post-traumatici [Applications of counterfactual thinking in post-traumatic events]. Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Applicazione del pensiero controfattuale negli esiti post-traumatici 1. Introduzione. Il pensiero controfattuale è un processo che esprime la capacità di riflettere e modificare gli scenari di situazioni da cui sarebbero potuti conseguire esiti differenti dalla realtà. Nella quotidianità è comune che un sentimento di rammarico – il regret - venga provato a seguito di una discrepanza tra i risultati attesi e la realtà. La ricerca e l’esperienza condivisa dicono che, rilevare le differenze tra ciò che avremmo voluto e ciò che abbiamo ottenuto, ci aiuta a pianificare azioni più efficaci nel futuro. Tuttavia, in condizioni di elevato stress, come quello provato dopo un evento indesiderato e traumatico, possono fare irruzione nella coscienza pensieri nella forma “Se solo non fossi stato così…”, oppure “Se solo non avessi fatto” o “Se avessi fatto qualcosa per evitare tutto ciò”; nel tentativo di annullare (undoing) idealmente le conseguenze dell’accaduto. Questi pensieri controfattuali possono sortire l’effetto di amplificare emozioni e sentimenti come il biasimo, la rabbia, la vergogna e il senso di colpa. L’attitudine alla generazione automatica, indiscriminata e non finalizzata all’azione, di domande e affermazioni ricorsive, può condensarsi in un particolare stile di pensiero – la ruminazione – che sottende sensazioni di disagio diffuse e invalidanti, come gli stati depressivi, ansiosi ed ossessivi. La prima parte di questo lavoro è occupato da una rassegna sulle ricerche che, inizialmente, pongono il pensiero controfattuale nel quadro delle più generali abilità di problem-solving; successivamente, la prospettiva funzionale, riesce a farne risaltare il versante adattivo, rilevante ai fini della regolazione degli stati affettivi e, più in generale, del mantenimento della salute mentale. Nella seconda parte viene discusso il ruolo del pensiero controfattuale, in relazione al suo versante disfunzionale , con particolare riguardo agli esiti post-traumatici. Nella terza parte vengono analizzati i modelli di elaborazione delle informazioni che riconoscono un ruolo al pensiero controfattuale nella regolazione dell’umore, citando alcuni paradigmi psicoterapeutici, tra cui l’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), ideato da Francine Shapiro. Per verificare l’applicazione del pensiero controfattuale nel trattamento degli esiti post-traumatici sono stati riportati due esempi: uno tratto dalla letteratura sull’EMDR e un caso di disturbo ansioso-depressivo, in trattamento con psicoterapia a orientamento cognitivo.

Application of counterfactual thinking in a post-traumatic results. Introduction. The counterfactual thinking is a process that expresses the ability to reflect and change scenarios of situations that could have been large gains different from reality. In everyday life it is common that a feeling of regret - the regret - should be tried as a result of a discrepancy between expected results and reality. The research says that shared experience, point out the differences between what we wanted and what we have achieved, helps us to plan more effective actions in the future. However, under conditions of high stress, such as that experienced after a traumatic event and unwanted, they can break into the conscious thoughts in the form "If only I had not been so ..." or "If only I had not done" or "If I had done something to avoid anything "in an attempt to cancel (undoing) the ideal of what the consequences. These counterfactual thoughts may have the effect of amplifying emotions and feelings such as blame, anger, shame and guilt. The ability to generate automatic, indiscriminate and not action-oriented questions and statements recursive, it can condense into a particular style of thinking - rumination - that underlies feelings of discomfort common and disabling, such as depression, anxiety and obsessive . The first part of this work is occupied by a review of the research that initially pose the counterfactual thinking in the context of more general skills of problem-solving, since then the functional perspective, can bring out the side adaptive, relevant to the regulation of affective states and, more generally, of maintaining mental health. The second part discussed the role of counterfactual thinking, in relation to its dysfunctional side, especially with regard to post-traumatic results. In the third part analyzes the patterns of information processing that recognize a role in regulating mood counterfactual thinking, citing some psychotherapeutic paradigms, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), developed by Francine Shapiro. To test the application of counterfactual thinking in the treatment of post-traumatic results were two examples: one taken from the literature on EMDR and a case of anxiety-depressive disorder, treatment with cognitive-oriented psychotherapy.

Keywords: Counterfactual Thinking Informational Processing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

113. Sakio, E. (1998, April). Applying EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) with children suffering from long term physical illness. Presentation at the Cybernetics and Systems Conference, Vienna, Austria, 14(1), 408-411.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Children Physical Illness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

114. Ahmad, A., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2007, September). Applying EMDR on children with PTSD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17(3), 127-132. doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0646-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: To find out child-adjusted protocol for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Methods: Child-adjusted modification were made in the original adult-based protocol, and within-session measurements, when EMDR was used in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on thirty-three 6–16-year-old children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results: EMDR was applicable after certain modifications adjusted to the age and developmental level of the child. The average treatment effect size was largest on re-experiencing, and smallest on hyperarousal scale. The age of the child yielded no significant effects on the dependent variables in the study. Conclusions: A child-adjusted protocol for EMDR is suggested after being applied in a RCT for PTSD among traumatized and psychosocially exposed children (Springer).

Keywords: Case Studies Children Child Psychiatry Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Quantitative Study Randomize Control Trial RCT Trauma Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

115. Greenwald, R. (1994, Winter). Applying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to the treatment of traumatized children: Five case studies. Anxiety Disorders Practice Journal, 1(2), 83-97.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed psychotherapy method that appears to increase efficiency in treating traumatized psychological disturbance. Applications to child treatment were explored in five case studies of children suffering from post-traumatic symptoms several months after Hurricane Andrew. Subjects were treated with one or two EMDR sessions, until Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUDS) went to 0. Follow-up parent interviews at one and four weeks post-treatment found all subjects returning to pre-trauma levels of functioning, with additional improvement in some cases. Further study is recommended. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Females Hurricane Andrew (1992) Hurricanes Males School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

116. Devilly, G. J. (2004, December). An approach to psychotherapy toleration: The Distress/Endorsement Toleration Scale (DEVS) clinical outcome studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35(4), 319-336. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.08.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The issue of treatment tolerance within the field of psychotherapy is, at best, a nebulous construct and has been commonly evaluated via rates of subject attrition and homework compliance. This research presents the psychometric properties of a ten-item scale which endeavours to measure treatment distress and participant endorsement of therapy protocols used in clinical research. Two factors emerged and the subscales of Distress and Endorsement were derived. These subscales displayed good reliability with acceptable inter-item correlations within each subscale. The subscales were also able to differentiate the perspectives of male Vietnam veterans from their spouses on a lifestyle management course at the termination of intervention. However, this scale also displayed a cognitive behavioural trauma treatment protocol and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing to be equivalent in treatment distress and participant endorsement in the treatment of PTSD. Preliminary findings suggest that the relationship between these two subscales and outcome may, to some extent, be population specific. First evidence suggests that intervention distress ratings may be influenced by severity of presentation, whilst endorsement ratings are more influenced by symptomatic improvement over time. Suggestions for future research are presented and the full questionnaire is attached as an appendix. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Australians Cognitive Therapy Distress Family Therapy Endorsement Females Males Outcome Psychotherapeutic Processes Questionnaire Self Report Instruments Spouses Tolerance Treatment Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

117. Tardy, J., & El Farricha, M. (2007, Juin). Approache Ericksonienne du traumatisme psychique et thérapie EMDR [Ericksonian approach of trauma]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Les techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne sont des outils très utiles au cours d’une psychothérapie, spécialement avec les personnes ayant connu des traumatismes répétés dans l’enfance. En effect, par le biais d’une dissociation thérapeutique, patient et thérapeute on accès à la mémoire traumatique neurobiologique et psychologique et le patient pourra (ré)experimenter la confiance dans ses propres forces naturelles.
Cependant, manié avec peu de précaution l’hypnose risqué d’aggraver la dissociation pathologique. L’association des techniques éricksoniennes et du protocole de la thérapie EMDR augmente les capacitiés de l’espirt et du corps et offre au paitent un meilleur contrôle émotionnel et un amélioration del la (ré)orientation à la réalité.
Le travail des auteurs est a situé dans le cadre de la psychothérapie brève des victimes et s’appuie sur une approche éricksonienne du traumatisme psychique et la thérapie EMDR en tant que novelle méthode thérapeutique efficace pour l’ESPT.
Mohammed El Farricha et Josette Tardy psychologues cliniciens, présenteront un apercu d’un programme de traitement psychothérapique expérimenté avec des patients en ambulatoire ces dix dernières années.
Dans cet atelier l’accent sera plus particulièrement mis sur l’apport des techniques d’hypnose éricksonienne qui semblent cliniquement efficaces et peuvent venir renforcer le protocole EMDR au cours des phases: evaluation et terminaison.
Il s’agira par exemple de démontrer comment, lors de l’évaluation, guider la personne vers la concentration interne nécessaire à une desensitisation complete? Ou encore comment mieux projeter le patient dans un future <> des limitations du traumatisme?

Ericksonian hypnosis techniques are useful tools in the course of psychotherapy, especially with people who have experienced repeated trauma in childhood. In effect, through a separation treatment, patient and therapist is memory access neurobiological and psychological trauma for the patient to (re) experiment confidence in its own natural forces. However, handled with some caution hypnosis risked aggravating the pathological dissociation. The combination of Ericksonian techniques and EMDR protocol extends the capabilities of espirt and body and offers better paitent emotional control and improvement del (re) orientation to reality. The authors' work is situated in brief psychotherapy of victims and an approach based on Ericksonian of psychic trauma and EMDR as an effective therapeutic method novella for PTSD. Mohammed El Farricha and Josette Tardy clinical psychologists, will present an overview of a program of psychotherapy experimented with outpatients in the last ten years. In this workshop the emphasis will be placed on the contribution of Ericksonian hypnosis techniques that seem clinically effective and can reinforce the EMDR protocol in phases: evaluation and termination. Some examples demonstrate how, during the evaluation, guide the person towards the internal concentration required for a complete desensitisation? Or how to better plan the patient in a future <> limitations of trauma?

Keywords: Erickson Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

118. Bossini, L., Fernandez, I., & Mantero, M. (2006 Settembre-Dicembre). Approcci psicoterapeutici specifici [Specific psychotherapeutic approaches]. NÓOς, 12(3), 221-230.

Language: Italian

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Verrà illustrata l’applicazione delle principali metodiche d’intervento psicoterapeutico come l’approccio cognitivo-comportamentale e la psicoterapia ad orientamento psicodinamico nel trattamento del Disturbo post-traumatico da stress (DPTS). Particolare rilievo verrà dato alla illustrazione di interventi psicoterapeutici specifici e all’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) che si è rivelato uno degli interventi più mirati al nucleo psicobiologico del DPTS.

The application of main psychotherapeutic approaches, such as cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic therapies, in the field of post-traumatic stress Disorder (PTSD) is described. A particular stress is put on approaches specific to PTSD. Among them Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is considered as a mean of intervantion closely aimed to the psychobiological core of the disorder.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

119. Weiner, M., & Mullaney, D. (2006). Are 'the basics' more important than innovation?. Addiction Professional, 4(2), 1-58.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Behavioral Health of the Palm Beaches (BHOPB) is a residential alcoholism and drug abuse treatment facility in Lake Worth, Florida. The desire to provide the best possible treatment for our patients has led us to seek innovative treatment interventions. Examples include Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for patients with symptoms of trauma and acupuncture for patients with chronic pain. Tailored interventions are also available for addicts with co-occurring chronic anxiety, unresolved anger, or grief issues. The desire to discover how well our patients have done led us to track a random sample of 90 patients for one year. Data were collected between August 2002 and December 2004. We were eager to determine an overall success rate, as well as the impact of our innovative interventions. Patients were contacted by telephone three months, six months, nine months, and one year from their date of discharge. We learned that 53% of the sample completed one year of continuous recovery. We believe these results understate patients' overall success. The essentials for treatment are discussed.

Keywords: Alcoholism Drug Abuse Drug Rehabilitation Health Care Services Residential Care Institutions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

120. MacCulloch, M., & Barrowcliff, A. (2001, May). Are EMDR effects caused by de-arousal?. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is increasingly being recognised as a coherent therapeutic procedure in the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders, yet we still do not fully understand by which process or mechanisms it might work. We consider a number of models implicating orienting or investigatory reflexes as a significant contributor to the success of EMDR as a treatment method. A series of experiments were designed to test the predictions derived from these models, examining the physiological effects of eye-movements following auditory challenge compared to an eyes-stationary condition. A significant physiological de-arousal effect is observed in conditions requiring eye-movements similar to those used in the EMDR protocol. We go on to consider the implications for this de-arousal effect in the treatment of PTSD and present preliminary data from a case series designed to examine the unique contribution of EMDR when used with treatment resistant clients. A range of psychometric and psychophysiological process and outcome measures were utilised in this study, providing a detailed evaluation of change over the course of the treatment design. Specialised software was developed for use in this study, in addition to a computerised test and software is provided, along with data obtained from this test.

Keywords: De-Arousal

Accuracy Verified: Yes

121. Devilly, G. J., Spence, S. H., & Hill, C. V. (1994). Are eye movements necessary when treating post traumatic stress with the eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing procedure?. World Congress of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies. Copenhagen, Denmark.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

122. Haycock, R. D. (2009). Arming commanders to combat PTSD: A time for change – Attacking the stressors vice the symptoms. School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Arming Commanders to Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by COL Robert D. Haycock, US Army, 53 pages. Just as war is not a new phenomenon, neither are the issues associated with the mental and emotional scars combat brings to those who fight a nation’s wars. Historically, the United States has assumed a reactive vice proactive posture as it relates to coping with the fiscal, and humanistic challenges that manifest within a nation at war, and those who experience the trauma of combat. The Army has proven slow to respond to the need to train and educate its leaders and instead has devoted vast capital on the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attacking the symptoms as they arise, vice attacking the stressors which cause the affliction. The invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan and the deployment of forces throughout the world to combat terror, however, have created conditions whereby PTSD is again in the lime-light. This monograph examines PTSD from a historical perspective reviewing the manner in which the Army viewed, assessed, and treated those afflicted with PTSD as well its methods for training and educating those honored with the opportunity to lead these warriors in battle. This monograph highlights existing shortfalls in assessment, training, doctrine, and education as it relates to those commanding at the battalion-level. The Army does not properly prepare battalion commanders for the complexities of coping with PTSD in their units nor arm them with the tactics, techniques, and procedures necessary to mitigate the effects of PTSD on the combat effectiveness of their units and the soldiers that fill the ranks. The Army should implement more rigorous assessment programs for units deployed to identify those at risk of PTSD or demonstrating stress-related symptoms before the mental well-being of the soldier is dramatically affected and treatment becomes more difficult. Further, the Army should review and update existing doctrine and training techniques (Battlemind training) to focus specifically on commanders at the battalion level. The Army must demonstrate a linkage between doctrine, training and education, enhance efforts to consolidate PTSD resources for ease of access, and revise strategic communications procedures to reduce stigmas associated with PTSD. The Army must arm its tactical commanders with the tools to address the stressors associated with PTSD in order to preserve the force and ensure its effectiveness in the ambiguous and complex environment which appears to best characterize the way ahead.

Keywords: Combat Military Monograph Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

123. Solomon, R. M. (2007, June). The art of EMDR: Dealing with abreactions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The overall objective of this workshop is to enable the EMDR therapist to deal more effectively, and comfortably, with intense client affect. Treatment of complex trauma, where dissociation prevents the integration of traumatic emotions, often involved the processing of intense emotions. The abreaction can be quite shocking to the therapist who may then engage the client in talking therapy, utilize resource installation, or provide an interweave to lower the level of intensity. While this can, at times, be appropriate and helpful, often it is counter indicated and a perceived resolution may be short lived and/or needlessly circumscribed. It is important to recognize the markers of treatment, and what choices are appropriate. Ironically, it is often the therapist who is uncomfortable with the level of client affect, rather than the client being unable to deal with the intense emotion.
The hallmark of EMDR is “staying out of the way” if the dysfunctionally stored information is moving. An inherent value of EMDR is to facilitate natural processing and the client’s natural healing patterns. Assuming client readiness and preparation to deal with emotional material, an interweave (which elicits other neural networks), or resource installation (which initiates a state change) or prolonged talking (which initiates an interpersonal process) – though often useful – can interfere with the client’s own internal processing and take the client away form their natural and unique resolution and integration. The therapist can enable the client to process intense material utilizing a) strong attunement skills to hold the client one’s therapeutic presence, b) recognition of behavioral manifestations of processing to guide speed, rate and tempo of bilateral stimulation to maximize processing, c) using different rate, speed and tempo to control emotional intensity of the processing, d) and knowing when to verbally intervene and when to “stay out of the way.”
This workshop will focus on:
a) Assessment of client readiness
b) Therapeutic clinical presence and attunement skills
c) Detecting behavioral manifestations of processing and calibrating bilateral stimulation to the client in order to maximize processing and control intensity
d) Therapeutic choice points concerning verbal interventions and “staying out of the way."
Demonstration and video tapes will be used to illustrate teaching points. (Participants should be aware that the videos have intense emotional content).

Keywords: Abreactions Intense Affect

Accuracy Verified: Yes

124. Solomon, R. M. (2006, September). The art of EMDR: Dealing with abreactions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The overall objective of this workshop is to enable the EMDR therapist to deal more effectively, and comfortably, with intense client affect. Treatment of complex trauma, where dissociation prevents the integration of traumatic memories, often involves the processing of intense emotions. The abreaction can be quite shocking to the therapist who may then engage the client in verbal interventions (e.g. interweave, resource installation, talking therapy). While this can indeed be appropriate and helpful, it is often the therapist who is uncomfortable with the level of & client affect, rather than the client being unable to deal with the intense emotions. The hallmark of EMDR is "staying out of the way" if the dysfunctionally stored information is moving. An inherent value of EMDR is to facilitate natural processing and the client's natural patterns. Assuming client readiness and preparation to deal with emotional material, an interweave (which elicits other neural networks), or resource installation (which initiates a state change) or prolonged talking (which initiates an interpersonal process) - though often useful - can interfere with the client's own internal processing and take the client away from their natural and unique resolution and integration. The therapist can enable the client to process intense material utilizing a) strong attunement skills to hold the client in one's therapeutic presence, b) recognition of behavioral manifestations of processing to guide speed, rate, and tempo of bilateral stimulation to maximize processing c) using different rate, speed, and tempo to control emotional intensity of processing; d) and knowing when to verbally intervene and when to "stay out of the way". Hence, more important than the mechanics of bilateral stimulation is the way EMDR is delivered. EMDR is a "dance" between client and therapist with the therapist interacting through bi-lateral stimulation even more than through verbal communication. This workshop will focus on dealing with intense affect with EMDR (the dance) and include discussjon of 1) How to assess client readiness for dealing with intense material, both before and during EMDR processing. 2) Therapist clinical presence and attunement skills. 3) Detecting behavioral manifestations of processing and calibrating bilateral stimulation to the client in order to maximize processing, and control intensity of processing. 4) Therapeutic choice points concerning verbal interventions and "staying out of the way". Demonstration and video tapes will be used to illustrate teaching points. (Participants should be aware that the videos have intense emotional content).

Keywords: Abreactions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

125. Cohn, L. (1993). Art psychotherapy and the new eye treatment desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) method, an integrated approach. In E. Virshup (Ed.), California Art Therapy Trends (pp. 275–290) Chicago, IL: Magnolia Street Publishers.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Art Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

126. Cohn, L. (1994, March). Art therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
New modes of thempy, before they are completely tried and defined, challenge the professional status quo as well as our individual skills and preconceptions. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR)presents just such a challenge: the method, barely three years old, has shown excellent results in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but is as yet incompletely documented, and the reasons for its success remain open to speculation (Shapiro, 1989). Even so, only by continually exploring new techniques can art therapists adjust to advances in mental health care.

Keywords: Art Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

127. Tobin, B. (2006, Fall). Art therapy meets EMDR: Processing the paper-based image with eye movement. Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal, 19(2), 27-38.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper examines the role of the visual image in psychotherapy, and explores connections between how art therapists use physical images, and how EMDR practitioners use mental images in assisting emotional growth and healing. It outlines a clinical program in which EMDR eye-movement activity is integrated with the art therapist's use of paper-based images, and considers the merits of such a synthesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Art Therapy Eye Movements Imagery Psychotherapy Visual Perception

Accuracy Verified: Yes

128. DeBell, C., & Jones, R. D. (1997, April). As good as it seems? A review of EMDR experimental research. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 28(2), 153-163. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.28.2.153.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The article reviews 7 experimental studies that examined eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment. The 7 studies varied greatly in their complexity, their designs, how treatment effects were measured, and their results. Each study is detailed and critically examined. A summary of results is provided as well as suggestions for clinical application and future research. In addition, questions are raised regarding F. Shapiro's approach to disseminating information about EMDR. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Professional Criticism Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Needs Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

129. Bresnan, A. (2000, September 1). Ask Beth: Grandmother too important to forget. Boston, MA: The Boston Globe, Third Editon, Living, C10.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Thank you for supporting therapy in your column. I'd like to tell you about a technique I've been using with clients for almost four years. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing helps people heal from traumas and works faster than just talking, as it helps the person unload negative feelings. It is helpful with adolescents who were exposed to criticism and other forms of mental abuse at home

Keywords: Boston General Letter Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

130. Puliatti, M., Fiacchi, S., & Silipigni, F. (2007, July-September). Aspetti psicologici e psicoterapia delle donne con cistite interstiziale. Terapia cognitivo-comportamentale e EMDR: Un approccio integrate [Psychological aspects and psychotherapy of women affected by interstitial cystitis. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR: An integrated approach]. Medicina Psicosmatica, 52(3), 101-104.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La cistite interstiziale, malattia cronica e rara, si presenta con gli stessi sintomi della cistite “classica”: bruciore, dolori al basso ventre, necessità di urinare di frequente (fino a 60 volte tra giorno e notte), urgenza minzionale spesso associata ad incontinenza, algie vaginali tali da provocare un’impossibilità ad avere rapporti sessuali. Viene quindi coinvolto tutto l’apparato uro-genitale ed il pavimento pelvico, il dolore risponde difficilmente in modo soddisfacente ai più comuni antidolorifici. La cistite interstiziale è una sindrome multifattoriale, in cui convergono eventi stressanti, sintomi psicologici e disordini della funzione urinaria. L’approccio terapeutico dovrebbe quindi essere di tipo integrato urologico, ginecologico, fisico-riabilitativo e psico-sessuologico.In questo lavoro viene presentato un modello di trattamento che integra l’approccio cognitivo comportamentale e l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Questi due approcci se usati in sinergia garantiscono un trattamento ad ampio raggio dei fattori disfunzionali che favoriscono e mantengono tale sintomatologia.

Interstitial cystitis, chronic and rare disease, shows the same symptoms as cystitis "classic" burning, lower abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate (up to 60 times between day and night), urgency often associated with incontinence , vaginal pains which cause an inability to have sex. It then involved the entire apparatus urogenital and pelvic floor, the pain difficult to respond satisfactorily to the most common painkillers. Interstitial cystitis is a multifactorial syndrome, which converge in stressful events, psychological symptoms and disorders of the urinary function. The therapeutic approach should be integrated type of urology, gynecology, physical rehabilitation and psycho-sessuologico.In this paper we present a treatment model that integrates cognitive behavioral el'EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). These two approaches when used together provide a wide-ranging treatment of the factors that foster and maintain this dysfunctional symptoms.

Keywords: Interstitial Cystitis Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

131. Puliatti, M., Fiacchi, S., & Silipigni, F. (2007). Aspetti psicologici e psicoterapia delle donne con cistite interstiziale. Terapia cognitivo-comportamentale e EMDR: un approccio integrato [Psychological and psychotherapy for women with interstitial cystitis. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR: An integrated approach]. Medicina Psicosomatica, 52(3), 111-117. .

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
La cistite interstiziale, malattia cronica e rara, si presenta con gli stessi sintomi della cistite “classica”: bruciore, dolori al basso ventre, necessità di urinare di frequente (fino a 60 volte tra giorno e notte), urgenza minzionale spesso associata ad incontinenza, algie vaginali tali da provocare un’impossibilità ad avere rapporti sessuali. Viene quindi coinvolto tutto l’apparato uro-genitale ed il pavimento pelvico, il dolore risponde difficilmente in modo soddisfacente ai più comuni antidolorifici. La cistite interstiziale è una sindrome multifattoriale, in cui convergono eventi stressanti, sintomi psicologici e disordini della funzione urinaria. L’approccio terapeutico dovrebbe quindi essere di tipo integrato urologico, ginecologico, fisico-riabilitativo e psico-sessuologico.In questo lavoro viene presentato un modello di trattamento che integra l’approccio cognitivo comportamentale e l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Questi due approcci se usati in sinergia garantiscono un trattamento ad ampio raggio dei fattori disfunzionali che favoriscono e mantengono tale sintomatologia.

Interstitial cystitis, chronic and rare disease, shows the same symptoms as cystitis "classic" burning, lower abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate (up to 60 times between day and night), urgency often associated with incontinence , vaginal pains which cause an inability to have sex. It then involved the entire apparatus urogenital and pelvic floor, the pain difficult to respond satisfactorily to the most common painkillers. Interstitial cystitis is a multifactorial syndrome, which converge in stressful events, psychological symptoms and disorders of the urinary function. The therapeutic approach should be integrated type of urology, gynecology, physical rehabilitation and psycho-sessuologico.In this paper we present a treatment model that integrates cognitive behavioral EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). These two approaches when used together provide a wide-ranging treatment of the factors that foster and maintain this dysfunctional symptoms.

Keywords: Interstitial Cystitis Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

132. Edmond, T., & Rubin, A. (2004). Assessing the long-term effects of EMDR: Results from an 18-month follow-up study with adult female survivors of CSA. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13(1), 69-86. doi:10.1300/J070v13n01_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This 18-month follow-up study builds on the findings of a randomized experimental evaluation that found qualified support for the short-term effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The current study provides preliminary evidence that the therapeutic benefits of EMDR for adult female survivors of CSA can be maintained over an 18-month period. Furthermore, there is some support for the suggestion that EMDR did so more efficiently and provided a greater sense of trauma resolution than did routine individual therapy. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

133. Greenfield, R. (2010, October). The assessment and psychotherapy of a dissociateve adult man with complex PTSD. Presentation at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper presents the assessment and four year psychotherapy of a Hispanic man with Complex PTSD and Dissociative Disorder NOS. The patient’s history of childhood sexual abuse caused significant disruptions in normative developmental processes causing what van der Kolk (2005) posits as a Developmental Trauma Disorder. Based on Shapiro’s (2001) adaptive information processing paradigm, the patient’s memories of extensive childhood sexual victimization became blocked from resolution from adaptive memory networks, becoming embedded in the emotional brain and activated by the 9/11 tragedy. This stimulated an array of PTSD and Dissociative symptomatology. In treatment he verbalized and chronicled his experiences of 9/11 and memories of severe childhood sexual abuse, establishing a narrative of victimization, helplessness, and confusion about his sexual orientation (Gardner, 1999). Furthermore, there were episodes of dissociation revealing the possibility of alters. Attempts to access adaptive networks using EMDR protocols were thwarted by intractable defenses. The patient’s desire to return to work was offset by his entitlement to Social Security Disability that was initially denied. Working through my concordant countertransference (Racker, 1968), I ultimately accepted his wish for SSD, which he obtained on appeal based upon my symptom-specific evaluation. The patient transferred to a clinic that accepted SSD.
Participants will be able to : ♦♦ identify the developmental derailing effects of childhood sexual abuse on normative developmental processes. ♦♦ assess how childhood trauma(s) that are repressed or dissociated are invoked by trauma(s) in adulthood through associative memory networks causing Complex PTSD. ♦♦ apply methods of working with patients dissociative defenses in psychotherapy.

Keywords: Case Study Developmental Trauma Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

134. Carter, A. (2007, June). Assessment and treatment of complex PTSD and dissociative disorders in childhood and adolescence, the role and use of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Damage occurs to a child’s self in the context of relationship when raised in an environment of abuse and neglect. This damage to self is manifested through disruptions in development. A child or adolescent will be unable to perform tasks a non-traumatized child or adolescent has not difficulty mastering. These tasks may be physical, emotional, intellectual, sexual, social, or spiritual. When these disruptions become manifest in the environment with which the child or adolescent is interacting, home, school, or community, conflict arises. The conflict is both internal with self and external in relationship, behavioral, and biological. This is generally when a child or adolescent is brought into therapy for intervention Caregivers are not always aware of the impact traumatic events have on a child’s life or may not want to deal with the impact and the long term implications. The therapeutic relationship is a context outside of the system where the child was traumatized that provide the potential environment and relationship which can facilitate healing for the child, adolescent, and possible, the system in which they live.
Children and adolescents with a complex PTSD will often employ the use of dissociation as a way to cope with overwhelming events or chronically dysfunctional lifestyles. The degree and way in which the child dissociates to self regulate internal systems will determine behavioural and neurological trajectories in their life such as, how the child will cope, rupture of developmental task attainment, and it will determine what type of attachment process the child experiences. Also determined are: impulse control, sleep regulation, meta cognitive functioning, neurobiological processes and the integrative processes of self. When there is no therapeutic intervention, the self which emerges as a result of these processes is a “traumatic self” organization, that is a self structural in response to traumatic experience determined to avoid the repetition of the traumatic experience “at all costs.” The biological body that emerges is the traumatized body organized for avoidance in the forms of fighting, fleeing, or freezing and submitting.
The assessment phase of therapy will map for the therapist and client where the internal dysregulation occur, what are the maladaptive response which have been developed, and what the negative beliefs are which all contribute to the construction of the “traumatic self." There are a variety of assessment tools specifically designed for this purpose.
Once the map is established, a plan can be developed to use with children and adolescents and family for therapy and for EMDR. There are a variety of models which have been developed to use with children and adolescents to process bad memories, negative cognitions and to strengthen internal resources. EMDR can also be used to facilitate state change, strengthen self regulatory capacities, and promote integrative processes of authentic self, facilitating healing throughout self, body, and relational systems.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

135. Gros, D. F., & Antony, M. (2006, August). The assessment and treatment of specific phobias: A review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 8(4), 298-303. doi:10.1007/s11920-006-0066-3.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Specific phobia is one of the most common and easily treated mental disorders. In this review, empirically supported assessment and treatment procedures for specific phobia are discussed. Exposure-based treatments in particular are highlighted given their demonstrated effectiveness for this condition. The format and characteristics of exposure-based treatment and predictors of treatment response are outlined to provide recommendations for maximizing outcome. In addition, several other treatments for specific phobia are reviewed and critiqued, including cognitive therapy, virtual reality, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, applied tension, and pharmacologic treatments. The review concludes with a discussion of future directions for research.

Keywords: Phobias

Accuracy Verified: Yes

136. Infield, T. (2006, Mar 7). At 61, answering Uncle Sam's call: A Vietnam veteran hopes to help with war's psychic wounds. Philadelphia, PA: The Philadelphia Inquirer, National, A01.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
He established the program and is a recognized expert in a form of stress therapy with a long, complex name known by its initials, EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing).

Keywords: Phildelphia Steve Silver Veterans

Accuracy Verified: Yes

137. Cavazos, M. A. (2012, June). Atracción al mismo sexo no deseada como sintomatología de memorias traumáticas: presentación de tres casos tratados con EMDR [Not desire same sex attraction as traumatic memories symptomatology: Three cases treated with the EMDR approach]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The cases presented show three patients that searched for clinical help, since they lived their sexual attraction as something dysfunctional and ego dystonic. The therapist clinically conceptualized this symptomatology as a probable result of traumatic memories, conceptualization which was finally adequate. This presentation will show three not desired sexual attraction cases treated with the EMDR approach. Cases follow-up - two months to one year and a half after treatment completion- is presented in a testimonial video from each client. Treatment phases 1,3,5,7 and 8 will clearly show similarities in the three client’s symptoms as well as the process evolution through traumatic memories reprocessing.

Los casos que se presentan se refieren a tres pacientes que llegaron a consulta debido a que vivían su atracción sexual como algo disfuncional y ego-‐ distónico, de ahí que la terapeuta conceptualizó clínicamente que esa sintomatología se podría deber a memorias traumáticas, conceptualización que resultó ser acertada. Estos pacientes fueron tratados con el abordaje psicoterapéutico EMDR, con un seguimiento -‐que va desde los 2 meses al año y medio de haber terminado su proceso psicoterapéutico. Se presentará un video testimonial de cada uno de los pacientes y se hablará sobre las fases 1, 3,5,7, y 8 del tratamiento, en donde se podrán observar con claridad la similitud y coincidencia en la sintomatología de los tres pacientes, así como la evolución del proceso a través del reprocesamiento de las memorias traumáticas con EMDR.

Keywords: Same Sex Attraction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

138. Nickerson, M. (2012, October). Attachment at the societal level: Reprocessing internalized stigma and oppression. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Attachment challenges also occur at the societal level as individuals seek to integrate in a meaningful way into social groups and the larger society. An added dimension of clinical work awakens with a cultural context lens that understands social identity and addresses the traumatic impact of social marginalization and oppression. The AIP model successfully predicts that internalized stigma and oppression can be dismantled by building inner resources, reprocessing memories associated with experiencing discrimination and integrating new knowledge about social dynamics. Practical EMDR based strategies will be portrayed with clinical examples, videotaped sessions and the validating feedback from over 60 EMDR therapists who explored these issues in training practicums.

Keywords: Attachment Internalized Stigma Oppression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

139. El Khoury-Malhame, M., Lanteaume, L., Beetz, E. M., Roques, J., Reynaud, E., Samuelian, J. C., Blin, O., Garcia, R., & Khalfa, S. (2011, September). Attentional bias in post-traumatic stress disorder diminishes after symptom amelioration. Behavior Research and Therapy, 49(11), 796-801. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.08.006.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Avoidance and hypervigilance to reminders of a traumatic event are among the main characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Attentional bias toward aversive cues in PTSD has been hypothesized as being part of the dysfunction causing etiology and maintenance of PTSD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cognitive strategy underlying attentional bias in PTSD and whether normal cognitive processing is restored after a treatment suppressing core PTSD symptoms. Methods: Nineteen healthy controls were matched for age, sex and education to 19 PTSD patients. We used the emotional stroop and detection of target tasks, before and after an average of 4.1 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Results: We found that on both tasks, patients were slower than controls in responding in the presence of emotionally negative words compared to neutral ones. After symptoms removal, patients no longer had attentional bias, and responded similarly to controls. Conclusion: These results support the existence of an attentional bias in PTSD patients due to a disengagement difficulty. There was also preliminary evidence that the disengagement was linked to PTSD symptomatology. It should be further explored whether attentional bias and PTSD involve common brain mechanisms.

Keywords: Attentional Bias Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

140. Krause, R., & Kirsch, A. (2006, Oktober). Auf das verhältnis zwischen traumatisierung, amnesie und symptom stress - Eine empirische pilotstudie [On the relationship between traumatization, amnesia and symptom stress - An empirical pilot study]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, 52 (4), 392-405.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Ziele: In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir mimisches Verhalten bei akut traumatisierten Patienten, EMDR-Therapie. Darüber hinaus untersuchten wir, ob eine Abnahme der emotionalen Betäubung wurde aufgrund einer Verringerung der Symptome. Amnestische Tendenzen waren als Moderator-Variable benutzt. Methode: Das mimisch affektive Verhalten wurde kodiert mit dem Emotional Facial Coding System Acting, ein Instrument zur Erfassung von mimischen mit emotionaler Bedeutung. Die Gesichts-affektive Verhalten der Patienten das erste und letzte EMDR-Sitzung wurde verglichen. Ergebnisse: Ein signifikanter Anstieg in Mitten affektive Verhalten sowie eine Zunahme der psychischen Beschwerden gefunden. Darüber hinaus hat die Reduzierung der amnestischen Tendenzen nicht zu einer Verringerung der Symptome führen. Schlussfolgerungen: Unter dem Einfluss der Behandlung ist es möglich, den Zugang zu episodische affektive Gedächtnis zu verbessern. Dennoch kann einen positiven Einfluss nicht am Ende der Behandlung bezeichnet werden.

Objectives: In the present study we examined facial affective behavior in acutely traumatized patients undergoing EMDR therapy. Furthermore, we analyzed Whether a decrease in emotional numbing was due to a reduction of symptoms. Amnestic tendencies were used as a moderator variable. Methods: The facial affective behavior was coded using the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. The facial affective behavior of the patient's first and last EMDR session was compared. Results: A significant increase in facial affective behavior as well as an increase in mental complaints were found. Furthermore, the reduction in amnestic tendencies did not result in a reduction of symptoms. Conclusions: Under the influence of the treatment it is possible to improve access to episodic affective memory. Nevertheless, a positive influence can not be denoted at the end of the treatment.

Keywords: Amnesia Empirical Study Facial Affective Behavior Facial Expressions Memory Quantitative Study Trauma Traumatization Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

141. Kirsch, A., & Seidler, G. H. (2004). Ausdruck und erleben von emotionen bei der posttraumatischen belastungsstörung: Erste ergebnisse einer studie mit gewaltopfern [Expression and experience of emotion in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: First result of a study with victims]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, ZPPM 2(1), 45-60.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Emotionale Betäubung (EN) in PTSD ist ein Cluster von schwächenden Symptomen mit Problemen in der Erfahrung und dem Ausdruck von Emotionen. EN ist in drei separate diagnostischen Kriterien dargestellt: deutlich vermindertes Interesse an wichtigen Aktivitäten, Gefühle der Ablösung oder Entfremdung von anderen, und eingeschränkte Bandbreite des Affekts. Die funktionale Beziehung zwischen anderen Klassen von PTSD Symptome und EN ist nicht gut verstanden. In diesem Artikel werden verschiedene Studien diskutiert werden. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Patienten mit psychischen Erkrankungen eine spezifische Wechselwirkung Muster implementieren, die in der Gesichts-affektiven Ausdruck und äußerte sich vor allem in Gesichts-affektiven Mikro-Verhalten. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Pilot-Studie war die Analyse von Gesichts-affektive Verhalten von Patienten mit PTSD im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen. Erste Ergebnisse der ersten EMDR-Sitzungen auf Video aufgezeichnet von Patienten und psychodynamischen Interviews von gesunden Personen (keine psychische / psychiatrische Störungen nach ICD-10) wurden mit dem codierten Emotional Facial Coding System Acting, ein Instrument zur Erfassung von mimischen mit emotionaler Bedeutung. Danach wurden diese Analysen mit Blickverhalten verbunden. PTSD Patienten zeigten eine Verringerung der gesamten Mimik und eine verminderte Häufigkeit von Gesichts wirkt im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen. Unter dem Blickverhalten in Betracht, wurde es offensichtlich, dass PTSD Patienten zeigten Anteil sank gegenseitigen Blick im Vergleich zu gesunden Personen. Außerdem war der Gesichtsausdruck affektiven Ausdruck von vier Patienten (Eltern, die durch den gewaltsamen Tod ihrer Kinder beraubt) erste und letzte EMDR-Sitzung verglichen. Eine leichte Erhöhung des Gesichts affektiven Ausdruck gefunden wurde. [Autor Summary)

Emotional numbing (EN) in PTSD is a cluster of debilitating symptoms involving problems in the experience and expression of emotion. EN is represented in three separate diagnostic criteria: markedly diminished interest in significant activities, feelings of detachment or estrangement from others, and restricted range of affect. The functional relationship between other classes of PTSD symptoms and EN is not well understood. In this article different studies will be discussed. It is assumed that patients with mental diseases implement a specific interaction pattern, that is expressed in the facial affective expression and particularly in facial-affective micro-behaviours. The aim of the presented pilot-study was the analysis of facial-affective behaviour of patients with PTSD in comparison to healthy persons. First results of videotaped first EMDR sessions of patients and psychodynamic interviews of healthy persons (absence of mental/psychiatric disorder according to ICD-10) were coded using the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. Afterwards these analyses were connected with gazing behaviour. PTSD patients showed a reduction of overall facial expressions and a reduced frequency of facial affects in comparison to healthy persons. Taking the gazing behaviour into consideration, it became obvious that PTSD patients showed decreased portion of mutual gaze compared to healthy persons. Furthermore, the facial affective expression of four patients' (parents bereaved by the violent deaths of their children) first and last EMDR session was compared. A slight increasing of facial affective expression was found. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Crime Emotional Numbing Interpersonal Interaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

142. Forbes, D., Creamer, M., Phelps, A., Bryant, R., McFarlane, A., Devilly, G. J., Lynda Matthews, L., Raphael, B., Doran, C., Merlin, T., & Skye N. (2007, August). Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(8), 637-648. doi:10.1080/00048670701449161.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Over the past 2-3 years, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD) have been developed in the USA and UK. There remained a need, however, for the development of Australian CPGs for the treatment of ASD and PTSD tailored to the national health-care context. Therefore, the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health in collaboration with national trauma experts, has recently developed Australian CPGs for adults with ASD and PTSD, which have been endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In consultation with a multidisciplinary reference panel (MDP), research questions were determined and a systematic review of the evidence was then conducted to answer these questions (consistent with NHMRC procedures). On the basis of the evidence reviewed and in consultation with the MDP, a series of practice recommendations were developed. The practice recommendations that have been developed address a broad range of clinical questions. Key recommendations indicate the use of trauma-focused psychological therapy (cognitive behavioural therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in addition to in vivo exposure) as the most effective treatment for ASD and PTSD. Where medication is required for the treatment of PTSD in adults, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants should be the first choice. Medication should not be used in preference to trauma-focused psychological therapy. In the immediate aftermath of trauma, practitioners should adopt a position of watchful waiting and provide psychological first aid. Structured interventions such as psychological debriefing, with a focus on recounting the traumatic event and ventilation of feelings, should not be offered on a routine basis. [InformaWorld]

Keywords: ASD Guidelines Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

143. Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (2007, February). Australian Guidelines for the treatment of Adults with Acute Stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Melbourne, Victoria: ACPMH.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health in collaboration with national trauma experts, has recently developed Australian CPGs for adults with ASD and PTSD, which have been endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In consultation with a multidisciplinary reference panel (MDP), research questions were determined and a systematic review of the evidence was then conducted to answer these questions (consistent with NHMRC procedures). On the basis of the evidence reviewed and in consultation with the MDP, a series of practice recommendations were developed. The practice recommendations that have been developed address a broad range of clinical questions. Key recommendations indicate the use of trauma-focused psychological therapy (cognitive behavioural therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in addition to in vivo exposure) as the most effective treatment for ASD and PTSD. Where medication is required for the treatment of PTSD in adults, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants should be the first choice. Medication should not be used in preference to trauma-focused psychological therapy. In the immediate aftermath of trauma, practitioners should adopt a position of watchful waiting and provide psychological first aid. Structured interventions such as psychological debriefing, with a focus on recounting the traumatic event and ventilation of feelings, should not be offered on a routine basis. [InformaWorld]

Keywords: Treatment Guidelines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

144. Uddane, L. (2004, March 14). Author looks at alternative self-help techniques. Orange County, CA: The Orange County Register, Life, HF3.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Servan-Schreiber believes that in a short period, EMDR may help people cope with difficult memories. In a typical session, the patient is asked to remember the painful, debilitating memory and visually focus on the moving hand of the therapist or moving set of lights. It's not clear how EMDR works, so it's a controversial approach.

Keywords: Orange County Self-Help Techniques

Accuracy Verified: Yes

145. Jacome, S. (2012, Novembro). Auto-cuidade emocionais para pessoas que atendem vítimas de trauma e violência [Emotional self-care for people who assist victims of trauma and violence]. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Ao trabalhar com vítimas de Incidente Crítico pode absorver e reter o seu sofrimento emocional. Assim, o trauma psicológico de outros, pode traumatizar, também se tornando vítimas de alto risco de desenvolver sintomas de stress traumático secundário que têm o potencial de perturbar, dissolver e destruir nossas carreiras e até mesmo nossas vidas. Neste workshop os participantes irão preencher um instrumento que lhes permita auto-avaliar sua satisfação com o Trauma Burnout, compaixão e Secundário. Além disso, aprender métodos antigos e contemporâneos, para ganhar controle sobre o estresse, melhor saúde física e emocional, se sentir mais calmo, mais feliz e mais energizado.

Keywords: Trauma Victims Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

146. van den Hout, M., Muris, P., Salemink, E., & Kindt, M. (2001). Autobiographical memories become less vivid and emotional after eye movements. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(2), 121-130. doi:10.1348/014466501163535.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objectives: To test (1) whether eye movements during retrieval of emotional memories are followed by less vividness and less emotionality of future recollections, (2) whether this effect, if present, is stronger than the effects of a control activity (finger tapping), (3) whether the alleged effects of tapping and eye movements are stronger than a no-movement, control condition (mere imagery), (4) whether reductions in vividness and emotionality after eye movements (and finger tapping) are specific to negative memories or also occur in the case of positive memories. Method: 60 healthy volunteers recalled either positive or negative memories and scored the vividness and emotionality of the recollections. Next, memories were recalled whilst the participant was performing rapid eye movements, finger tapping, or not performing a dual task. Then participants were asked to recall the event again and to rate its vividness and emotionality. Results: Compared to finger tapping and the no-dual-task condition, recollections after eye movements made future recollections less vivid. After eye movements, but not after the other interventions, negative memories became less negative, and positive memories became less positive. Conclusion: The findings show that eye movements not only reduce vividness and emotionality of memories during the eye moving, but also affect future recollections, during which no eye movements are made. Some theoretical explanations are discussed. As to clinical implications, it is suggested that if there is a role for eye-movement-based treatments, it is very limited. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents Cognitive Processes College Students Dutch Exposure Therapy Memory Impairment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults

Accuracy Verified: Yes

147. Leiner, A. S., Kearns, M. C., Jackson, J. L., Astin, M. C., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2012, January). Avoidant coping and treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,80(2), 317-321. doi: 10.1037/a0026814.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract: Objective: This study investigated the impact of avoidant coping on treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Adult women with rape-related PTSD (N = 62) received 9 sessions of prolonged exposure (PE) or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The mean age for the sample was 34.7 years, and race or ethnicity was reported as 67.7% Caucasian, 25.8% African American, 3.2% Latina, and 3.2% other. PTSD was assessed with the PTSD Symptom Scale–Self-Report (Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993), and avoidant coping was assessed using the Coping Strategies Inventory–Disengagement subscale (CSI-D; Tobin, Holroyd, Reynolds, & Wigal, 1989). Results: Pretreatment avoidant coping was negatively associated with posttreatment PTSD symptom severity even when controlling for initial severity of total PTSD symptoms and when removing PTSD avoidance symptoms from the analysis to account for potential overlap between avoidant coping and PTSD avoidance symptoms: ΔR2 = .08, b = −0.31, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.01], t(60) = −2.27, p = .028. The CSI-D pretreatment mean score of 100 predicted a 96% likelihood of experiencing clinically significant change (CSC) during treatment. A CSI-D pretreatment score of 61 was associated with a 40% likelihood of experiencing CSC. Conclusions: PE and EMDR appear to be beneficial for women who frequently engage in avoidant coping responses following rape. A small subset of women with initially low levels of avoidant coping are unlikely to experience a therapeutic response from PE or EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Rape Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

148. Cortés, C. (2012, June). Ayudando a desarrollar el sistema de procesamiento de la información para la reconstrucción del apego en niños adoptados [Helping to develop the adaptive information system for attachment reconstruction in adopted children]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is based on the adaptive information system model. Humans have an inherent information processing system that generally processes the complex elements of an experience to an adaptive state. In other words, we have the innate capacity to resolve difficult emotional experiences and move forward in our lives. There are cases where, besides the trauma of abandonment and lack of attachment, there has been no early stimulation, mainly during the first year of life. Sometimes the emotional environment is so poor that results in insufficient attachment, and prevents the motivational system from becoming strong enough to push the baby to find and produce stimulation. Other times, the environment has been so negligent that has not provided the conditions for the baby to adequately cover this first sensory stimulation. Whether it is poor emotional environment or a negligent environment, or both at once, the result is that we find children who have not had the opportunity to generate enough neural connections or the quality required for the reptilian brain to mature. This phenomenon hinders the brain integration, both vertically and horizontally, and makes the processing of the adaptive information system difficult, if not impossible. Aiming to promote and foster the development of the adaptive information system, we have focused on a dual purpose: rebuilding attachment and ensuring the neurofunctional reorganization and development of the child at early stages. For this we rely on both; EMDR processing, as well as sensory integration and sensorimotor therapies, which promote the integration of primitive reflexes and the child´s development at early years. Given the baby's phylogenetic development and the ideal conditions for such development to occur, we try to generate the same conditions, with the aim to facilitate and complete part of the child's development that, so far, has not occurred yet. Therefore, the quality of attachment is what will define the self-‐regulation capacity and the child's motivational system. And in this sense, the neurofunctional organization and sensory integration will provide the child with the necessary resources to meet the challenges of both, development and growth, and the possibility to achieve success and thus to obtain the perception of efficiency. Both aspects, attachment and neurofunctional organization, are interwoven with each other and feed the adaptive information system. Through videos and clinical material, we show the evolution of adopted children with whom we have already intervened from this dual therapeutic point of view; generating a greater vertical and horizontal integration and a better attachment consolidation. Parents will play a key role in this intervention and we prepare them for it through both; psycho-‐education and EMDR. In this way, they can become proper therapeutic parents, capable to parenthesize their own children.

EMDR está basado en el modelo del sistema adaptativo del procesamiento de la información. El ser humano posee un sistema inherente de procesamiento de la información que normalmente procesa los elementos complejos de una experiencia en un sistema adaptativo. En otras palabras, tenemos una capacidad innata para resolver las experiencias emocionalmente difíciles y seguir adelante con nuestras vidas. Existen casos donde, tras el trauma de abandono y la falta de apego, no ha existido estimulación temprana, principalmente durante el primer año de vida. A menudo el ambiente emocional es tan pobre que da como resultado un apego insuficiente, e impide que el sistema emocional sea lo suficientemente fuerte para conseguir que el bebe encuentre y produzca estimulación. En otras ocasiones, el ambiente ha sido tan negligente que no proporciona las condiciones adecuadas para que el bebe cubra su primera estimulación sensorial. Ya sea por ambiente emocional pobre o un ambiente negligente, o bien ambos, el resultado es que encontramos niños que no tienen la oportunidad de generar conexiones neurales suficientes o de calidad requeridas por el cerebro reptiliano para madurar. Este fenómeno dificulta la integración del cerebro vertical y horizontalmente y hace que el sistema de procesamiento de la información sea deficitario, si no imposible. Con el objetivo de promover y fomentar el desarrollo del sistema adaptativo del procesamiento de la información, nos hemos centrado en un propósito dual: Reconstruir el apego y asegurarnos de reorganizar y desarrollar la neurofuncionalidad del niño en las etapas tempranas del niño. Para ello nos apoyamos en el procesamiento del EMDR, así como en las terapias de integración sensorial y sensoriomotoras, que fomentan la integración de los reflejos primitivos y el desarrollo del niño en las etapas tempranas. Dado el desarrollo filogenético del niño y las condiciones ideales para que dicho desarrollo ocurra, intentamos generar las mismas condiciones, con el objetivo de facilitar y completar parte del desarrollo del niño que hasta ahora, no ha ocurrido todavía. Por tanto, la calidad del apego es aquella que será definida por la capacidad de autorregulación y el sistema motivacional del niño. Y en este sentido, la organización neurofuncional y la integración sensorial promoverán en el niño los recursos necesarios para encontrarse con los retos de desarrollo y crecimiento y la posibilidad de conseguir el éxito en ambos, además de obtener la percepción de eficiencia. Ambos aspectos, apego y organización neurofuncional, están entrelazados y alimentan el sistema adaptativo del procesamiento de la información. A través videos y material clínico, mostramos la evolución de los niños adoptados los cuales ya han sido intervenidos desde esta perspectiva terapéutica dual; generando una gran integración vertical y horizontal y una mejora en la consolidación del apego. Los

Keywords: Adoptives

Accuracy Verified: Yes

149. Dale, S. (2010, April). Baby ache: Applications for EMDR in infertility, miscarriage, and perinatal loss. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Infertility, miscarriage, and perinatal loss can be among life’s most deeply painful experiences. Losses associated with these life events can be traumatic. For individuals and couples accessing fertility treatments, pre-existing trauma and phobias can complicate their efforts to achieve a successful pregnancy. This presentation outlines common emotional responses to infertility and reproductive loss. It reviews the role of EMDR in treatment of trauma and phobias and applies this knowledge to clients experiencing difficulty conceiving and/or maintaining a pregnancy. Case studies illustrate how EMDR has been used with this client group.

Keywords: Infertility Miscarriage Perinatal Loss

Accuracy Verified: Yes

150. Shapiro, F. (2012, January 27). Baby boomers and distant dads. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/francine-shapiro-phd/ptsd-veterans_b_1228542.html 1/27/2012.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
If we look carefully, we can see that many of these fathers displayed signs of what we know now is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It didn't help that PTSD wasn't even listed as a diagnosis until 1980. But the fact that war experiences were common didn't make them any less impactful. From personal experience in treating veterans from World War II, the Korean War and Vietnam, it's clear that there is no difference in the pain and sorrow from those returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. So often their emotional burden is caused by the feelings that they were powerless to save someone. This can be even more devastating than being in danger yourself. Those who were support personnel often carry the same feelings of anger, guilt and lack of control. Who couldn't they save? [Excerpt]

Keywords: Blog Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Veterans War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

151. Mueller-Schwefe, R. (2010, June). Back into life - EMDR with primary withdrawal after trauma. In Experimental use of EMDR. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
“Where I am? I am somewhere between heaven and earth, but I don't know where exactly." "My therapist waited for my anger, but it just isn't there...nowhere” – “I can't imagine anything helpful when I feel bad, I just don't have the energy... it's all too much for me." – “I just want to give up...” Reaction to traumatic events can vary a lot. This is true even when a PTSD has been diagnosed. Contrary to the 'classical' hyper-arousal response to traumatic memories there is also a different pattern of response that is characterized by a lack of an increase in heart rate, and very different pattern of neural activations, despite having a severe case of acute and subsequent PTSD'[l] and may go along with (peri- and posttraumatic) dissociation, emotional numbness, exhaustion, withdrawal and depression. The above statements belong to people with this pattern of response who have experienced subsequent difficulties already in the stabilization phase of their trauma-therapy. First, I will present an understanding of this symptomatology, the hypothesis being a predominance of the dorsal vagal system (see: Polyvagal Theory [2] and activation of the early withdrawal reflex (or: fear-paralysis reflex). This goes along with particular cognitive and especially emotional and physical features. Second, I will present a way to work with this condition, taking into account that the completion of "interrupted action." In this case does not imply an outward (fight or fight response) but an inward orientation withdrawal). EMDR with an adjusted protocol and tactile bilateral stimulation provides the way to process and pull through this interrupted (or unsatisfied) organismic withdrawal and the fear mostly associated with this process. Returning from this deep and primary withdrawal from life brings back the energy and the patient turns back towards life; vagal predominance subsides and the stuck impulse to withdraw releases. 1. Ruth A. Lanius, James W. Hopper, Ravi 5. Menon, Individual Differences in a Husband and Wife Who Developed PTSD After a Motor Vehicle Accident: A Functional MRI Case Study. Am J Psychiatry 160:4. April 2003, p. 668. 2. Porges. S.W. (2001). The Polyvagal Theory: Phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 42, 123-146. Learning objectives: 1. Recognize dorsal vagal predominance and primary withdrawal after trauma, 2. Understand the different orientation of interrupted action/ trauma scheme, 3. Know how to help withdrawal-patients to stabilize and process with adjusted EMDR-protocol and tactile or auditory bilateral stimulation. New and unique: Identifying this withdrawal-type of traumatic reaction and scheme, understanding it with the help of Polyvagal Theory and development of EMDR- adjusted protocol and way to process this.

Keywords: Primary Withdrawal Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

152. Chillot, R., & Smith, S. (1994, December). Banish nightmarish memories with the wave of a hand. Prevention, 46(12), 73-75.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Discusses the alternative psychological therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Its use for people suffering from post-traumatic stress-disorder; Francine Shapiro, Ph.D., developer of EMDR; Why patients watch a waving hand while focusing on the troubling memory; Research in EMDR's favor that was presented at the American Psychological Association convention in August 1994.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

153. Emery, E. (2000, July 26). Banishing the nightmares - Psychologist helps Kosovo's children erase bad memories. Denver, CO: The Denver Post, Final Edition, Denver & the West, B-05 and 2D Edition, B-05.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Colorado Springs psychologist Sandra Wilson, an expert in a therapy called Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, was asked to come and help. She was accompanied by a team of American psychologists, and they worked side by side with a young interpreter from Kosovo named Jeton Hoxha. One by one, 100 children, ages 5 to 16, sat down with the psychologists and Hoxha and told their stories.

Keywords: Denver General Overview Sandra Wilson

Accuracy Verified: Yes

154. O’Malley, A. (2012, October). BART: A new protocol to enhance EMDR therapy. Presentation at the at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Bilateral Affective Reprocessing of thoughts or BART is a dynamic new model of trauma therapy designed to complement traditional EMDR therapy. Often with early touchstone memories the client has no verbal recall. It is impossible to access negative cognitions. In BART gut feelings are activated and connected to feelings and sensations elsewhere in the body. Ultimately heartfelt sensations link to the cerebral hemispheres and eventually the prefrontal cortex. Examples will illustrate combining BART psychotherapy combined with traditional EMDR.

Keywords: BART Bilateral Affective Reprocessing of Thoughts

Accuracy Verified: Yes

155. Nagle, A. (1998, October 29). Before your panic, try checking out a self-help book: Authors offer some ideas for transforming anxiety and changing your life. Syracuse, NY: The Post-Standard, Final, Neighbors Northwest, 38.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
EMDR," by Francine Shapiro and Margot Silk Forrest, focuses on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy, described by the authors as a breakthrough therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress and trauma.

Keywords: General Overview Syracuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

156. Diehle, J., Beer, R., Boer, F., & Lindauer, R. J. L. (2011, April). Behandeleffecten van traumagerichte cognitieve gedragstherapie en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) [Treatment effects of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Symposia op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Achtergrond: Dagelijks raken veel kinderen betrokken bij ongelukken, brand, (seksueel) geweld, pesten, of andere ingrijpende gebeurtenissen. Het meemaken van dergelijke gebeurtenissen kan leiden tot een posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTSS). ptss gaat gepaard met hoge comorbiditeit, slechtere schoolprestaties en heeft een negatieve invloed op het lichamelijk herstel van kinderen (Winston 2003). In internationale richtlijnen wordt traumagerichte cognitieve gedragstherapie (TG-CGT) voor de behandeling bij kinderen aanbevolen en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is beoordeeld als veelbelovend (nice 2005). Onderzoeksresultaten naar de effecten van deze behandelingen bij kinderen zijn nog steeds schaars (Stallard 2006). Doel: Binnen een pilotonderzoek worden de behandeleffecten van TG-CGT en EMDR bij kinderen vastgesteld. Methoden: Op een poliklinische afdeling zijn gegevens verzameld van 20 kinderen tussen de 8 en 18 jaar met posttraumatische stressklachten en van hun ouders. Van deze kinderen hebben 10 een behandeling met TG-CGT ondergaan en 10 een behandeling met emdr. Bij kinderen en ouders zijn zowel voor als na de behandeling behandeling de klachten in kaart gebracht met behulp van een diagnostisch interview en verschillende vragenlijsten. Voor het stellen van de diagnose ptss en comorbide diagnosen is het Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for dsm-iv-Child Version (adis-c) afgenomen. Tevens werden de Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), de Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS) en de Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) afgenomen om angstklachten en gedragsproblemen te meten. Resultaten: Traumaklachten zijn zowel in de EMDR-groep alsook in de TF-CBTgroep afgenomen. Gedetailleerdere resultaten worden tijdens het congres besproken. Conclusie Zowel TG-CGT als emdr blijkt effectief te zijn bij het verhelpen van ptssklachten bij kinderen.

Background: Daily affects many children involved in accidents, fires, (sexual) violence, bullying, or other major events. The experience of such events can lead to a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is associated with high comorbidity, poorer school performance and has a negative impact on the physical recovery of children (Winston 2003). International guidelines is trauma-focused Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-TG) recommended for the treatment of children and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been rated as promising (Nice 2005). Research the effects of these treatments children are still scarce (Stallard 2006). Purpose: In a pilot investigation the treatment effects of TG-CBT and EMDR in children established. Methods: In an outpatient department Data were collected from 20 children between 8 and 18 years with post traumatic stress symptoms and their parents. Of these children have a treatment with 10 undergoing TG-CBT 10 and treatment with EMDR. In children and parents before and after treatment treatment complaints mapped using a diagnostic interview and several questionnaires. For the diagnosis of PTSD comorbid diagnoses and the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Child Version (ADIS-C) decreased. Also, the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and (SDQ) were administered to measure anxiety and behavioral problems. Results: Trauma Complaints are both in the EMDR group and the TF-CBT-groep decreased. More detailed results be discussed during the congress. Conclusion: Both TG-CBT and EMDR appear to be resolving the ptssklachten in children.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

157. Veenstra, S., & de Roos, C. (2005, November). Behandeling van chronische pijn met EMDR [Treating chronic pain with EMDR]. Presentatie aan de eerste congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In deze lezing staat de toepassing van EMDR bij de behandeling van chronische pijn centraal. Na een introductie over ‘pijn in het brein’ wordt aandacht besteed aan indicatiestelling: waarom en wanneer is EMDR geïndiceerd als behandeling voor chronische pijnpatiënten. Verder worden de resultaten van een pilot-studie (drs. C. de Roos, Rivierduinen, Leiden; drs. A.C. Veenstra, St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Tilburg; dr. Y.R. van Rood, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden) gepresenteerd. Deze studie werd uitgevoerd om het effect van Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing op chronische fantoompijn -na amputatie van een been- te onderzoeken. Tien patiënten werden behandeld tussen oktober 2003 en november 2004. Alle tien patiënten reageerden niet op eerdere pijnbehandelingen. Metingen vonden plaats voor en na de behandeling en bij een follow-up na 3 maanden. Het derde deel van deze lezing is toegespitst op de toepassing van het EMDR pijnprotocol. Casuïstiek van patiënten met fantoompijn of post-whiplash klachten wordt geïllustreerd met videofragmenten.

In this lecture, the application of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain center. After an introduction on "pain in the brain" focuses on needs assessment: why and when EMDR is indicated as a treatment for chronic pain patients. Furthermore, the results of a pilot study (Drs C. Roos, Rivierduinen, Leiden, Dr AC Veenstra, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, Dr YR van Rood, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden) presented. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing of chronic phantom pain after amputation of a leg to investigate. Ten patients were treated between October 2003 and November 2004. All ten patients did not respond to previous pain treatments. Measurements were performed before and after treatment and a follow-up after 3 months. The third part of this lecture focuses on the application of the EMDR protocol pain. Case histories of patients with phantom pain or post-whiplash symptoms is illustrated with video clips. Contribute a better translation Thank you for contributing your translation suggestion to Google Translate. Contribute a better translation: In this lecture, the application of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain center. After an introduction on "pain in the brain" focuses on needs assessment: why and when EMDR is indicated as a treatment for chronic pain patients. Furthermore, the results of a pilot study (Drs C. Roos, Rivierduinen, Leiden, Dr AC Veenstra, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, Dr YR van Rood, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden) presented. This study was conducted to investigate and evaluate the effect of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing of chronic phantom pain after amputation of a leg. Ten patients were treated between October 2003 and November 2004. All ten patients did not respond to previous pain treatments. Measurements were performed before and after treatment and a follow-up after 3 months.The third part of this lecture focuses on the application of the EMDR protocol pain. Case histories of patients with phantom pain or post-whiplash symptoms is illustrated with video clips.

Keywords: Chronic Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

158. Flik, C. E., & de Roos, C. (2010). Behandeling van fantoompijn met eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) [Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for phantom limb pain]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 52(8), 589-593.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Een 68-jarige man, die had fantoompijn had in zijn been en voet voor 27 jaar, werd verwezen voor EMDR. Deze case studie laat zien dat na 10 sessies, de intensiteit van de pijn was gedaald 10-1 (op een schaal van 10). Verdere sessies, voornamelijk bestaande uit gesprekken, gericht op consolidatie van het resultaat, namelijk op het vinden van een nieuwe fysieke en mentale evenwicht en op het versterken van zelfvertrouwen in de nieuwe situatie.

A 68-year-old man, who had had phantom limb pain in his leg and foot for 27 years, was referred for EMDR. This case study shows that after 10 sessions, the pain intensity had diminished from 10 to 1 (on a scale of 10). Further sessions, consisting mainly of discussions, focused on consolidation of the result, namely on finding a new physical and mental balance and on strengthening self-confidence in the new situation.

Keywords: Phantom Limb Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

159. Gorisse, E., de Jongh, A., & Hassan, B. (2010). Behandeling van idiopathische aangezichtspijn na plaatsing implantaat [Treatment of idiopathic facial pain following implant placement]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd, 117(2), 75-78.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Een 39-jarige vrouw had een chronische vorm van atypische aangezichtspijn en klachten behorende bij een posttraumatische stressstoornis. De pijn was ontstaan na chirurgische verwijdering van een wortelrest onder een implantaat en haar klachten waren daarvan een gevolg. Uiteindelijk had deze problematiek geleid tot ontslag door haar werkgever en problemen in het gezin. Een periodiek mondonderzoek door haar huistandarts was vanwege extreme angst onmogelijk. Medicamenteuze behandeling, accupunctuur, homeopathie en hypnotherapie hadden geen verbetering gegeven. Behandeling met een aanpak gericht op de verwerking van herinneringen aan tandheelkundige behandelingen door middel van ‘eye movement desensitization and reprocessing’ leidde uiteindelijk tot vermindering van klachten. Deze casus maakt duidelijk hoezeer dit type orale problematiek het dagelijks leven van patiënten kan ontwrichten en hoe psychotherapie een aanvulling op de orale of medicamenteuze behandeling kan zijn.

A 39-year-old woman suffered from chronic atypical facial pain and complaints associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The pain originated from the surgical removal of a residual tooth root under an oral implant and the stress symptoms were the consequences of the pain. Eventually, these problems had led to dismissal from work and family problems. She was unable to attend her dentist for a periodic oral survey due to extreme fear. Pharmacologic treatment, acupuncture, homeopathy and hypnotherapy had not improved her condition. Treatment aimed at coping with the memories of the oral treatment using 'eye movement desensitization and reprocessing' ultimately led to decline of complaints. This case report demonstrates that an oral problem may disrupt a patient's life and how psychotherapy can complete medical treatment.

Keywords: Oral Implant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Tooth Root

Accuracy Verified: Yes

160. von Knorring, L., Thelander, S., & Pettersson, A. (2005, November 21-27). Behandling av angestsyndrom. En systematisklitteraturaversikt. SBUs sammanfattning och slutsatser [Treatment of anxiety syndrome: A systematic literature review. Summary and conclusions by the SBU]. Lakartidningen, 102(47), 3561-3562, 3565-3566, 3569.

Language: Swedish

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
En rapport från det svenska rådet för medicinsk utvärdering (SBU) har gått igenom, klassificeras och utvärderas den vetenskapliga litteraturen om behandling av panik-syndrom, specifika fobier, social fobi, tvångssyndrom syndrom (OCD), generaliserat ångestsyndrom (GAD) och posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD). Översynen ingår behandling av barn, ungdomar och vuxna. Rapportens slutsats är att det finns effektiv behandling tillgänglig för alla ångest syndrom. Men i allmänhet, är effekten ofta måttliga och symtomen återkommer när behandlingen perioden avbryts. För vuxna, stödjer vetenskapliga bevis användning av paroxetin och sertralin för alla syndrom utom specifika fobier. För övriga SSRI-preparat Det finns också bevis för användning av Fluoxetin i OCD och PTSD, för fluvoxamin i social fobi och tvångssyndrom och för escitalopram i social fobi. Andra antidepressiva läkemedel med ett starkt vetenskapligt stöd är venlafaxin i social fobi och GAD, imipramin i panik syndrom och chlomipramine i panik syndrom och tvångssyndrom. Bland de psykologiska behandlingar, det finns vetenskapliga bevis för kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) för behandling av panik-syndrom, specifika fobier, social fobi, PTSD och GAD. Exponering, med eller utan andra psykoterapeutiska interventioner har vetenskapligt stöd för effekt vid paniksyndrom (både i termer av antalet panikattacker och agorafobi för), specifika fobier, tvångssyndrom och PTSD. Användning av ögonrörelser desensibilisering och upparbetning (EMDR) har vetenskapligt stöd för behandling av PTSD.

A report by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) has reviewed, classified and evaluated the scientific literature on treatment of panic syndrome, specific phobias, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive syndrome (OCD), generalized anxiety syndrome (GAD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The review included treatment of children, adolescents and adults. The report concludes that there is effective treatment available for all anxiety syndromes. However in general, the effect is often moderate and symptoms reappear when the treatment period is discontinued. For adults, scientific evidence supports the use of paroxetine and sertraline for all syndromes except specific phobias. For the other SSRI's there is also evidence for the use of fluoxetin in OCD and PTSD, for fluvoxamine in social phobia and OCD and for escitalopram in social phobia. Other antidepressant drugs with a strong scientific support is venlafaxin in social phobia and GAD, imipramin in panic syndrome and chlomipramine in panic syndrome and OCD. Among psychological treatments, there is scientific evidence for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for treatment of panic syndrome, specific phobias, social phobia, PTSD and GAD. Exposure, with or without other psychotherapeutic interventions, has scientific support for efficacy in panic disorder (both in terms of number of panic attacks and for agoraphobia), specific phobias, OCD and PTSD. Use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has scientific support for treatment of PTSD.

Keywords: Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

161. Kraft, S., Schepker, R., Goldbeck, L., & Fegert, J. M. (2006). Behandlung der posttraumatischen belastungsstörung bei kindern und jugendlichen. Eine übersicht empirischer wirksamkeitsstudien [Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents -- A review of treatment outcome studies]. Nervenheilkunde: Zeitschrift für interdisziplinaere Fortbildung, 25(9), 709-716.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Basierend auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Stand des Wissens über die Wirksamkeit von pharmakologischen und psychotherapeutischen Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zusammengefasst und bewertet. Neunzehn kontrollierten randomisierten klinischen Studien wurden für die Psychotherapie gefunden, und keiner für die Pharmakotherapie. Die Wirksamkeit von kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie Programme erhärtet worden ist, mit der Teilnahme der Eltern oder Betreuer in die Behandlung zu sein scheint vorteilhaft. Es gibt vielversprechende Studien für Eye Movement Desensitizafion und die Wiederaufbereitung (EMDR) und für Multisystemische Familientherapie. Aufgrund der kleinen Fallzahlen und fehlenden Replikation, haben ihre Ergebnisse als vorläufig zu betrachten. Bis jetzt gibt es keine kontrollierten klinischen Studien zu pharmakologischen Therapien für traumatisierte Kinder und Jugendliche. Weitere Studien zu diesem zahlenmäßig relevant und zum Teil erheblich beeinträchtigt Gruppe sind, geltend gemacht werden. Untersuchungen zur differentiellen Indikation von verschiedenen Behandlungsansätze und über die Wirksamkeit von Kombinationstherapien, die Psychotherapie plus Pharmakotherapie, fehlen. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, alle Rechte vorbehalten)

Based on a systematic literature search, the current state of knowledge on the efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents is summarized and reviewed. Nineteen randomized controlled clinical trials were found for psychotherapy, and none for pharmacotherapy. The efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatment programs has been substantiated, with the participation of a parent or caretaker in the treatment seeming to be beneficial. There are promising studies for Eye Movement Desensitizafion and Reprocessing (EMDR) and for Multisystemic Family Therapy. However, because of small sample sizes and lacking replication, their results have to be regarded as provisional. Up to now, there are no controlled clinical trials on pharmacological treatments for traumatized children and adolescents. More studies on this numerically relevant and partly severely impaired group are to be claimed. Studies on differential indication of different treatment approaches and on the efficacy of combination treatments, as psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy, are lacking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adolescent Psychiatry Child Psychiatry Drug Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment Outcomes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

162. Jordan, J., Titscher, G., & Kirsch, H. (2011, September). Behandlungsmanual zur psychotherapie von akuten und posttraumatischen belastungsstörungen nach ICD-mehrfachschocks [Treatment manual for psychotherapy of acute and posttraumatic stress disorders after multiple ICD shocks]. Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie, 22(3), 189-201. doi:10.1007/s00399-011-0148-8.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Angesichts der steigenden Zahl implantierter Defibrillatoren in allen Industrienationen wächst auch die Zahl derjenigen Menschen, die sog. Mehrfachschocks („electrical storm“, ES) erleiden. Häufige Beschwerden sind starke und ständig wiederkehrende massive Ängste, Panikattacken, Todesangst, Hilf- und Hoffnungslosigkeit, Depressionen, Nervosität und Gereiztheit, sowie Rückzugs- und ausuferndes Vermeidungsverhalten, Intrusionen, Albträume, Flashbacks, Schlaflosigkeit und die Unfähigkeit der Gefühlsempfindung sowie eine eingeschränkte Zukunftsperspektive. Da Menschen mit einem ICD häufig körperlich (sehr) krank und nach den ICD-Mehrfachschocks zusätzlich massiv verunsichert sind, scheint es wesentlich, dass die stationäre Behandlung in einer Einrichtung durchgeführt wird, die über eine enge Anbindung an und räumliche Nähe zu einer kardiologischen Abteilung verfügt. Basis der Diagnostik ist die klinische Anamnese und die systematische Exploration der traumatischen Situation und der resultierenden Beschwerden. Als zusätzliche diagnostische Elemente sollten testpsychologische Verfahren zur Erfassung der Kernsymptomatik zum Einsatz kommen (Angst, Depression, Traumasymptome). Zur Diagnostik sollte eine testpsychologische Untersuchung gehören, damit am Ende der Behandlung auch für den Patienten sichtbar wird, welche Veränderungen eingetreten sind. Im Mittelpunkt der stationären Behandlung steht die tägliche intensive Psychotherapie. In ihrem Rahmen finden Elemente tiefenpsychologisch fundierter Psychotherapie und verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierte Angsttherapie sowie kognitive Umstrukturierung und Elemente des EMDR ihren Platz. Eine Nachuntersuchung innerhalb von 4 Monaten nach den Mehrfachschocks ist angeraten, weil PTSD Symptome zuweilen erst mit großer Latenz auftreten.

In view of the inceasing number of implanted defibrillators in all industrial nations, the number of people who have suffered so-called multiple shocks (electrical storm, ES) also increases. Common complaints are severe and continuously recurrent massive anxiety, panic attacks, fear of death, helplessness and hopelessness, depression, nervosity and irritability as well as reclusive and uncontrollable avoidance behaviour, intrusions, nightmares, flashbacks, sleeplessness and the inability to show feelings and limitation of future perspectives. Because people with an ICD are often physically (very) ill and after multiple ICD shocks are additionally very insecure, it would seem logical if the inpatient treatment would be carried out in an institution which has close connections and is also spatially close to a cardiology department. The basis of the diagnostics is the clinical anamnesis and a systematic exploration of the trauma situation and the resulting complaints. As an additional diagnostic element psychological test procedures should be implemented to determine the core symptomatic (anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms). Psychological test procedures should be included in the diagnostics so that at the end of treatment it is obvious even to the patient which alterations have occurred. The core element of inpatient treatment is daily intensive psychotherapy and includes deep psychologically well-founded psychotherapy and behavioral therapeutic-oriented anxiety therapy as well as cognitive restructuring and elements of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). A follow-up examination within 4 months of the multiple shocks episode is recommended because symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder often occur after a long latent time period.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Anxiety ASD Cardiology Depression ICD Shocks Internal Medicine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Manual

Accuracy Verified: Yes

163. Flint, R. T. (1992, December). Behavioral validation of EMDR: Two PTSD cases. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(2), 5-6.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: Clinicians trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) often describe approaching the method with great skepticism that transforms into enthusiasm and a desire to proselytize. This enthusiasm is often mixed with the lament that more behavioral validation studieshave not been performed. This note records two cases in which people suffering from chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms demonstrated striking behavioral changes after a single brief EMDR treatment.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

164. Zdravkovic, J. (1994). Behavioural-cognitive therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psihijatrija Danas, 26(2-3), 129-146.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The basic theoretical postulations on PTSD are given in the first part of the work. Hypotheses are given on PTSD as being a kind of conditioned emotional reaction to trauma and, possibly, an illness that has disturbed REM sleep mechanism at its roots. The second part describes behavioural and cognitive techniques that have been proven empirically to be successful in the treatment and the prevention of this disorder. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy Epidemiology Etiology Nosology Psychophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Relaxation Therapy

Accuracy Verified: No

165. Chen, L. (2008, June). Bereavement, EMDR & structural dissociation of the personality theory. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Poster Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the “Structural Dissociation of the Personality” as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, & Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various levels of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the “Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality”. The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different levels of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. [Note: Poster and Word Versions]

Keywords: Dissociation Personality Theory Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

166. ter Heide, F. J. J. (2008). Berichten uit het veld: Stabiliseren of verwerken? [Reports from the field: Stabilize or process?]. Cogiscope, 4(3), 39.

Language: Dutch

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Onder behandelaars van getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen wordt soms hevig gediscussieerd over de vraag met welke interventies deze patiënten het beste geholpen zijn. Bijvoorbeeld: een vluchtelinge, slachtoffer van oorlogsgeweld, durft niet te slapen uit angst voor nachtmerries en heeft geen dagstructuur. Helpen we haar eerst om haar dagstructuur te verbeteren, zodat ze een traumagerichte therapie daarna beter aankan? Of behandelen we eerst haar traumatische herinneringen met EMDR of cognitieve gedragstherapie, zodat ze weer kan slapen en zelf haar dagen kan structureren? Of misschien moeten we deze benaderingen combineren in een dagklinische behandeling? Kortom, wat is de beste inhoud en timing van onze interventies? [Excerpt]

Among practitioners of traumatized asylum seekers and refugees is sometimes fierce discussed the question with which interventions these patients are best helped. For example, a refugee, victim of war, afraid to sleep for fear for nightmares and has no daily structure. We help her to her first day structure improve, so they trauma-focused therapy after better handle? or treating we first her traumatic memories EMDR or cognitive behavioral therapy, so they weather can sleep and can structure itself? her days Or maybe we need these approaches combine in a partial hospitalization treatment? In short, what is the best content and timing of our interventions? [Excerpt]

Keywords: Reprocessing Stabilization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

167. Aurora, R. N., Zak, R. S., Auerbach, S. H., Casey, K. R., Chowdhuri, S., Karippot, A., Maganti, R. K., Ramar, K., Kristo, D. A., Bista, S. R., Lamm, C. I., & Morgenthaler, T. I. (2010, August). Best practice guide for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 6(4), 389-401.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Prazosin is recommended for treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-associated nightmares. Level A. Image Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) is recommended for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level A. Systematic Desensitization and Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation training are suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B. Venlafaxine is not suggested for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level B. Clonidine may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C. The following medications may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares, but the data are low grade and sparse: trazodone, atypical antipsychotic medications, topiramate, low dose cortisol, fluvoxamine, triazolam and nitrazepam, phenelzine, gabapentin, cyproheptadine, and tricyclic antidepressants. Nefazodone is not recommended as first line therapy for nightmare disorder because of the increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Level C. The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares based on low-grade evidence: Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT); Sleep Dynamic Therapy; Hypnosis; Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR); and the Testimony Method. Level C. The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder based on low-grade evidence: Lucid Dreaming Therapy and Self-Exposure Therapy. Level C No recommendation is made regarding clonazepam and individual psychotherapy because of sparse data.

Keywords: Nightmares Posttruamatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

168. Strauss, A. (2012, March 16). Better than therapy?. Harper's Bizarre. Retrieved from http://www.harpersbazaar.com/beauty/health-wellness-articles/emdr-psychotherapy-0312 on March 19, 2012.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Finally, my therapist suggested that I try a form of psychotherapy called EMDR, or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. A bilateral stimulation therapy designed to unlock negative memories, feelings, and emotions, EMDR is a controversial technique involving lights, sounds, and tapping that purportedly helps the brain process traumatic experiences. This sounded like mumbo jumbo to me but I was desperate. I would have stripped naked and run down Fifth Avenue if you had told me it would help.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

169. Stein, D., Rousseau, C., & Lacroix, L. (2004, March). Between innovation and tradition: The paradoxical relationship between eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and altered states of consciousness. Transcultural Psychiatry, 41(1), 5-30. doi:10.1177/1363461504041351.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new form of psychotherapy to emerge in the West. Using both a case analysis and literature review we situate EMDR within the use of altered states of consciousness (ASCs) in psychological healing practices across times and cultures. We discuss EMDR's unique predicament as a therapy that draws upon techniques common to most therapeutic ASCs, while at the same time distancing itself from this tradition through its pseudoscientific language and technologic aesthetic. Our conclusion attempts to shed light on this paradox and raise questions for further study.

Keywords: Altered States of Consciousness Consciousness States Psychological Healing Review Transcultural Psychiatry

Accuracy Verified: Yes

170. Gaudiano, B. A. (2004, January 4). Beware of weird, wacky psychotherapy treatments. Salt Lake City, UT: The Deseret News, All, Viewpoint, AA08.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
There's also a treatment for post-traumatic stress called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Similar to techniques used in other effective treatments for this condition, EMDR therapists ask clients to review the traumatic events repeatedly in their minds until their anxiety dissipates. What makes EMDR unique is that the therapist also moves index and middle fingers rapidly from left to right in front of the client, who is asked to visually track the movement while imagining the scene. But research shows that the eye movements appear to be completely superfluous, as people who are asked to keep their eyes still while recounting the events improve just as much as those who do the eye-wiggling.

Keywords: General Overview Salt Lake City

Accuracy Verified: Yes

171. Zangwill, W. (1995, June). Beyond the basics: Conceptual issues and advances in using EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is designed for those comfortable with the basics of using EMDR. We shall discusses the importance of developing a conceptual framework in which to view the patient and his/her life experiences. Though any framework could potentially be used, the one we shall use is that of Jefiey Young's Schema-Focused Cognitive therapy. This workshop is too brief to go deeply into Jeff's work so let me give you some references. (Books: 1)Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema Focused Appoach, Professional Resource Exchange, Sarasota, F1, (813) 366-7913 Or 2) Reinventing Your Life, Young and Klosko. Jeff can be reached at the CTC of NY (212) 717-1052). I would like to begin by presenting an overview of how I see the case conceptualization enhancing the effectiveness of EMDR. Next I want to present a case illustrating the points I am going to make. Then, for the remaining two thirds of the presentation, I would like us to share our experiences of cases using either this or your own framework. Why conceptualize the case? Why not just treat the trauma directly? Because I assume that it is the interaction of the events a person has experienced and the way in which they have interpreted, experienced and stored them that is most important in determining the amount and kind of pain that remains. If you took a group of 100 people who had been in serious accidents, were assaulted, etc. They will not all respond the same to the experience. Thus, I think that it is vitally important to "map" each patient's own idiosyncratic set of vulnerabilities, his/her schemas or life themes. One of the ways I do that is by attempting to combine all of the information that I obtain in the first few sessions. This would include history taking, any paper and pencil measures I use, e.g., Lazarus' Multimodal Life History Questionnaire (Research Press, Champagne, IL.); Young's Schema Questionnaire (Jeffrey Young, Cognitive Therapy Center of New York), and my experience of the client in session. My assumption is that we all have specific vulnerabilities. In Young's system such issues as Emotional Deprivation - the feeling that we shall never receive the kind of caring we need - Abandonment, Mistrust/Abuse, Defectives, Vulnerability, Subjugation, Entitlement, etc., are assumed to be organizing themes around which memories and experiences are stored. (Use 'Types of Fruit' metaphor here.) Once you have identified these underlying vulnerabilities and life themes, educating patients as to the role of these early maladaptive schemas in their present life difficulties is quite usefull in a variety of ways. First, is its explanatory power. One of the problems clients often present is the pain of the event itself their subsequent reactions. How many of us have heard from our clients variations on the theme of "What's wrong with me that this is still bothering me? It happened years ago; how come I'm still overreacting?" Explaining that often the event was/is so painful because it taps into a whole series of memories (the childhood file folders that Francine talks about in Level I), frequently increases clients' ability to understand their emotional reactions and reduces their tendency to blame themselves. Second, it alerts you and the client to look for other examples in the past that might be thematically connected and to be aware of situations in the future that might be troublesome. For example, imagine a client who suffered a tremendous loss as a chlld through the death of a parent, divorce, etc. Through your interviews and data collection, you realize that the issue of abandonment is a very pow& for them. Naturally, you would want to use EMDR to clean out any past experiences connected to abandonment. However, you should anticipate that situations involving future separation will need to be addressed. How will they react when their spouse goes on a business trip? The conceptualization around this theme alerts you and the client to be aware of these issues. Also, it can be very helpfull in your couples work. Take the example of the spouse that gets upset about over his wife's upcoming business trip. (Knowing that sometimes the upset shows itself prior to the trip and sometimes it is only after they return that the spouse feels punished). Without knowledge of these underlying schemas and life themes, the wife might interpret the husband's upset as a result of jealousy at her success, fear of her growth, and as being a part of his controlling nature. With these interpretations, her anger and frustration would be understandable. How differently might she respond if she saw his difficulty in her leaving as reflecting his fear of losing her and being abandoned once again. Might this interpretation allow both of them to respond in ways helpful to the relationship? With this brief background, let me present a case and show you how these issues fit together and how by conceptualizing the case accurately I was able to provide better treatment. After if I finish this presentation, I want to open the floor to your comments and questions. I would then like to propose that we take the remaining time for you to present your own cases that illustrate either the usefulness of the conceptualization you did or the problems you ran into when you didn't. Case # 1 Case discussion. Case presentations and discussion by participants.

Keywords: Conceptual Issues

Accuracy Verified: Yes

172. van der Kolk, B. A. (2002). Beyond the talking cure: Somatic experience and subcortical imprints in the treatment of trauma. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 57-83). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Subcortical nature of traumatic memories (Freud and trauma; the processing of experience); Trauma and physical sensations (the neurobiology of trauma; the tyranny of language); Clinical dilemmas for therapists of patients who have been traumatized (the therapeutic challenge; top-down versus bottom-up emotional processing); Learning about EMDR; Further experiences with EMDR; Integrative capacity of EMDR: transcript of one session; EMDR and the transformation of experience; What does EMDR do? [Pilots]

Keywords: Adults Cognitive Processes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

173. Laliotis, D. (2010, March). Beyond trauma: Part I and II - EMDR as a broad-based psychotherapy. Presentation at the Psychotherapy Networker Symposium, Washington, DC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
While EMDR is widely used as a highly effective treatment for PTSD based on neutralizing past memories of trauma, few therapists recognize how powerful a tool it can be in helping clients reprocess difficult experiences - traumatic or not - that impede their client's ability to move forward with their lives. In this workshop, you'll be introduced to an eight-phase information-processing model of EMDR for helping clients identify and reprocess significant childhood experiences and chronic patterns or themes that shadow their lives, hinder their emotional growth, and limit their ability to fully express their own identity. You'll learn a practical clinical procedure for identifying the predominant themes in clients' lives that underlie their current difficulties and freeing the, from attitudes that limits a fuller, more flexible experience of self.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

174. Laliotis, D. (2008, December). Beyond trauma: EMDR for everyday issues. Presentation at the National Institute for the Clinical Application of Behavioral Medicine Annual Conference, Hilton Head, SC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Twenty years ago, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) began as a clinical technique used to help clients reprocess major traumatic experiences. Since then, EMDR has developed into a comprehensive psychotherapy approach which is also being used to treat low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and performance issues not connected to major trauma but rather to early experiences that have not been adequately processed and integrated by the brain. This workshop is an introduction to the Eight-Phase Model of EMDR with an emphasis on how these early memories are powerful contributors to a person's current difficulties. Participants will learn through direct experience how present triggers can activate these earlier associations that inform our feelings, thoughts and behaviors. Through lecture, discussion, and videotape of actual cases, participants will gain an appreciation of EMDR as a comprehensive treatment approach and learn how it can be applied to a broad range of clinical issues with lasting results.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

175. Laliotis, D. (2010, April/May). Beyond trauma: Rebuilding the self with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clients who present with life-long relationship problems and serious self-esteem issues often have pervasive developmental deficits that manifest as attachment and/or character disorders. While EMDR is an efficient treatment, addressing the early life experiences that contribute to a client’s ongoing difficulties is more than just reprocessing the nodal events of childhood; it is about generating corrective experiences of self in relationship with others. Participants will learn how to use EMDR to facilitate the uncoupling of negative core beliefs and core affects from positive, more adaptive aspects of self that have been depressed, dissociated, or otherwise undeveloped. To this end, clinicians will learn how to actively utilize the client’s emergent experience of self within the context of EMDR processing using an expanded repertoire of cognitive interweave strategies. Materials will be presented through lecture and videotape of actual continuous clinical cases as well as a large group discussion format in which participants will be able to discuss their own cases with the presenter. (All Levels)

Keywords: Rebuilding Self

Accuracy Verified: Yes

176. Keller, B., Stevens, L. C., Boyce, K., Lui, C., & Murray, J. (2011). Bilateral eye movements and EEG coherence during positive memories: Implications for PTSD and EMDR. Presentation at the American Psychological Association Conference, Washington, DC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of bilateral eye movements in the processing of long-term emotional memories, especially as it pertains to the treatment method for PTSD known as EMDR. EMDR utilizes methods similar to cognitive therapy and exposure but also employs saccadic eye movements to facilitate the treatment. The saccadic eye movements are theorized by Shapiro and others to decrease emotional valence and vividness of episodic memories allowing for easier reprocessing. There remains some disagreement as to the actual role and importance of the saccadic eye movements as well as to the neurological effects of EMDR. This study used EEG power-spectral analysis and measures of interhemispheric coherence on 30 individuals who underwent one of three conditions while recalling positive episodic memories. The 3 conditions were (1) a solid black dot with no eye movement (control), (2) a low frequency color changing dot with no eye movement, and (3) a bilateral eye movement condition simulating EMDR. After a 5’ eyes-open baseline, participants experienced one of the three conditions while recalling a positive memory for five 1’ episodes. After each episode, each participant had 19-channel EEGs recorded while they stared ahead eyes opened. EEG data were noise artifacted, power spectral analyzed, and statistically analyzed for interhemispheric coherence differences between conditions for clusters of frontal pole (Fp), frontal (F), central (C), parietal (P), and occipital (O) electrodes. ANCOVA analysis of post-treatment coherence values, with baseline values as the covariate, across conditions showed significantly increased Low Beta (12-20Hz) activity in the Frontal region of the brain during the saccadic eye movements condition compared to the low frequency dot condition (p=.012). Also found were significantly increased Low Theta (4-6Hz) coherence values in the Parietal region of the brain in the low frequency dot condition compared to both the eye fixation (p=.017) and saccadic eye movement (p=.022) conditions. Self reports of memory clarity and vividness indicated significantly increased measures across all conditions. LORETA cortical localization analyses revealed Low Beta (12-20Hz) activation during the saccadic eye movements condition occurring primarily in Brodmanns Area 11 (BA11) and Brodmann Area 25 (BA25) and Low Theta (4-6Hz) activation during the low frequency dot condition focused in BA35 and BA36. LORETA neuroimages are presented. Cortical localizations of increased Low Beta interhemispheric coherence in BA11 (VentroMedial Frontal Cortex) and BA25 (Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex) following bilateral eye movements during the recall of positive memories suggest a synchronization of information processing activities in parts of the frontal cortex involved in planning, reasoning, and decision making (11) and in verbal episodic memory retrieval (25). These functions are consistent with the assigned tasks of review of positive episodic memories in this study. Coincident with this pattern of cortical activation was an obtained increase in memory clarity and vividness during episodic memory retrieval. It is possible that the obtained effects on beta activity were an artifact of eye movements; however, the lack of significantly increased signal coherence at the Fp region and the removal of eye movement artifacts prior to data analysis reduce this possibility. These results provide support for an Interhemispheric Coherence Model as an explanation for the positive effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing of retrieved memories. Additionally, these outcomes suggest that it is the saccadic eye movements, not a repetition of a rhythmic stimulus, that elicits the changes in interhemispheric coherence, and possibly in emotional valence and vividness, highlighting the importance of saccadic eye movements in EMDR.

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation EEG Coherence Eye Movements: Positive Memories Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: No

177. Christman, S. D., Garvey, K. J., Propper, R. E., & Phaneuf, K. A. (2003, April). Bilateral eye movements enhance the retrieval of episodic memories. Neuropsychology, 17(2), 221-229. doi:10.3758/PBR.15.3.515.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Two experiments examining effects of eye movements on episodic memory retrieval are reported. Thirty seconds of horizontal saccadic eye movements (but not smooth pursuit or vertical eye movements) preceding testing resulted in selective enhancement of episodic memory retrieval for laboratory (Experiment 1) and everyday (Experiment 2) events. Eye movements had no effects on implicit memory. Eye movements were also associated with more conservative response biases relative to a no eye movement condition. Episodic memory improvement induced by bilateral eye movements is hypothesized to reflect enhanced interhemispheric interaction, which is associated with superior episodic memory (S. D. Christman & R. E. Propper. 2001). Implications for neuropsychological mechanisms underlying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (F. Shapiro, 1989, 2001), a therapeutic technique for posttraumatic stress disorder, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Bilateral Eye Movements Episodic Memory Retrieval Saccadic Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

178. Christman, S. D., & Stieber, P. (2005, February). Bilateral eye movements lead to a neutralization of affective state. Poster presented at the 33rd annual meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, St. Louis, MO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Engaging in bilateral eye movements (EM) leads to increases in Stroop interference, improvements in episodic memory, and decreases in false memories in a converging semantic associates paradigm. These results are interpreted as reflecting EM-induced equalization of cortical activation and subsequent enhancement of interhemispheric interaction. Since increased right versus left hemisphere activation is associated with negative versus positive affect, respectively, it was hypothesized that EMs following a mood-induction procedure should result in neutralization of affect. Seventy three right-handed participants engaged in happy or sad mood induction procedures, providing mood ratings on a 1-9 scale, followed by 30 seconds of either bilateral EMs or, as a control, watching a dot change color repeatedly. Participants then supplied a second mood rating. Analyses of the Happy condition showed no mood differences after mood induction, with all participants yielding scores significantly happier than neutral. After administration of the visual condition, participants in the Colored Dot condition showed no change in mood. In the EM condition, however, participants showed a significant reduction in positive affect. Analyses of the Sad condition showed that the mood induction procedure failed, with participants reporting neutral moods after mood induction. Post hoc analyses of only those participants reporting sad moods after induction showed that participants in the EM condition exhibited a marginally greater neutralization of affect than in the Colored Dot condition. The results provide tentative support for the hypothesis that bilateral EMs result in neutralization of emotional states, reflecting an equalization of cortical activation in the left and right hemispheres.

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

179. Kuiken, D., Chudleigh, M., & Racher, D. (2010, December). Bilateral eye movements, attentional flexibility and metaphor comprehension: The substrate of REM dreaming?. Dreaming, 20(4), 227-247. doi:10.1037/a0020841.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Explanations for the effects of the rapid eye movements induced during Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) have drawn upon an analogy with the eye movements of REM sleep (Kuiken, Bears, Miall, and Smith, 2002). An extension of that analogy posits two orienting systems, one involving threat-fear related mnemonic contextualization and another involving loss-pain related monitoring of conflicting response alternatives. In a study involving individuals who had recently experienced significant loss or trauma, we found that experimentally induced saccadic eye movements decreased reaction times to unexpected stimuli among those reporting traumatic distress (characterized by hyperarousal and intrusive thoughts) and increased reaction times among those reporting separation distress (characterized by vivid reminiscences and the sense of a foreshortened future). Also, we found that saccadic eye movements increased the perceived strikingness of metaphoric sentence endings among those reporting amnesia for events related to either loss or trauma. The eye movements of both EMDR and REM sleep may differently affect the attentional and cognitive reorienting activity of those living with the consequences of loss or trauma. These differences may be evident in their waking reflections and in their dreams.

Keywords: Attention Bereavement Dreams Eye Movements Metaphors REM Sleep Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

180. van Deusen, K. M. (2004, Summer). Bilateral stimulation in EMDR: A replicated single-subject component analysis. the Behavior Therapist, 27(4), 79-86.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This study attempted to determine whether the eye movement component of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was necessary to account for positive treatment effects in subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A single-subject alternating treatments design was replicated across four subjects to compare the effectiveness of EMDR with the effectiveness of a modified EMDR procedure in which the eyes remained in a natural state. The comparative procedure was chosen to eliminate the contribution of distraction and the addition of any other form of bilateral stimulation. The first hypothesis was supported. Subjects showed statistically significant pre- (baseline) to posttreatment improvement following EMDR and the modified EMDR procedure (without eye movements). The second hypothesis was not supported. While subjects significantly improved following both EMDR and the modified, without-eye-movements EMDR procedure, there were no statistically significant differences between treatments on within- or between-session measures. Instead, both treatments were found to be effective in reducing trauma and global symptoms in the four female subjects who participated in the study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Empirical Study Quantitative Study Single-Subject Componnent Analysis

Accuracy Verified: Yes

181. Solomon, E. P., & Heide, K. M. (2005, January). The biology of trauma: Implications for treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(1), 51-60. doi:10.1177/0886260504268119.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
During the past 20 years, the development of brain imaging techniques and new biochemical approaches has led to increased understanding of the biological effects of psychological trauma. New hypotheses have been generated about brain development and the roots of antisocial behavior. We now understand that psychological trauma disrupts homeostasis and can cause both short and long-term effects on many organs and systems of the body. Our expanding knowledge of the effects of trauma on the body has inspired new approaches to treating trauma survivors. Biologically informed therapy addresses the physiological effects of trauma, as well as cognitive distortions and maladaptive behaviors. The authors suggest that the most effective therapeutic innovation during the past 20 years for treating trauma survivors has been Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a therapeutic approach that focuses on resolving trauma using a combination of top-down (cognitive) and bottom-up (affect/body) processing. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents Child Abuse Children Criminal Behavior Forensic Evaluation Literature Review Neglect Neuroendocrinology Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

182. Sinici, E., Maden, O., Ak, M., Bozkurt, A., & Ozsahin, A. (2012, February). Bir cinsel tecavuz vak'asinda emdr uygulamasi: Vak'a sunumu [EMDR application on a sexual rape case: Case report]. Yeni Symposium Journal, 50(1), 58-60.

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Travmatik bir deneyim oldu hemen herkes yoğun stres belirtileri gösterebilir. Bu tecavüz edildi, özellikle halk arasında post-travmatik stres belirtileri görmek mümkündür. Son zamanlarda, tecavüz insanlara danışmanlık sağlamak için çabalar yaygın hale gelmiştir.EMDR tedavisi bellek (duygusal, bilişsel ve fiziksel), rahatsız edici olaylara ulaşmak fonksiyonları hızlandırmak ve öğrenme sürecini iyileştirmek için kadar duyusal birimleri üzerinde duruluyor. Bu EMDR tedavisi tecavüz birinin travma sonrası stres belirtileri hafifletir düşünülmektedir. 90 dakikalık EMDR seansları uygulandı. Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri-I (STAI-I) ve Olaylar ScaleRevision (IES-R) Etkisi öncesi ve tedavi ve 1 ay sonra kontrol sonrası uygulanmıştır. Bu tecavüz kişinin stres belirtileri kısa bir süre sonra arasında, EMDR tedavisi öncesi azaltmak ve 1 ay sonra kontrol ettiği görülmektedir.Çalışmada bir olgu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir rağmen, sonucu cinsel travma hastalar için, EMDR uygulaması yararlı olabilir olmasıdır.

Almost anyone who had traumatic experience might show intense stress symptoms. It is possible to see post-traumatic stress symptoms among people especially who were raped. Recently, the efforts to provide counseling for raped people have become common. The EMDR treatment focuses on the sensorial units of the memory (emotional, cognitive and physical) to reach the disturbing events, accelerate functions and to improve the learning process. It is thought that EMDR treatment relieves the post traumatic stress symptoms for the raped one. 90 minute EMDR sessions were applied. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I) and Impact of Events ScaleRevision (IES-R) were applied before and after treatment and 1 month-later control. It is seen that the raped one's stress symptoms decrease before the EMDR treatment, among shortly after and 1 month later controls. Although the study was conducted with one phenomenon, the result is that for patients who had sexual trauma, EMDR application might be beneficial.

Keywords: Rape Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

183. Smith. T. C. (2010, April). Bloody Sunday - Surviving post traumatic stress disorder with EMDR. Lulu.com.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Bloody Sunday is an honest and riveting look into the rarely exposed vulnerabilities of the author. His attempts to understand and honestly convey the physical, emotional, and psychological consequences on him and his family as a result of a tramatic event, offer a perspective to the reader that most people would never be exposed to in their own life. Bloody Sunday is a true story that will both expose the human side of our heroes that put their life on the line everyday in the service of others. It also gives hope to those who are dealing with Post Tramatic Stress Disorder themselves or with a loved one.

Keywords: Police Shootings Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

184. Brown, K. W., McGoldrick, T., & Buchanan, R. (1997). Body dysmorphic disorder: Seven cases treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25(2), 203-207. doi:10.1017/S1352465800018403.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Body dynamic disorder is an illness of generally chronic course which can lead to significant impairment of social functioning, unnecessary plastic surgery and even suicide. It is little understood and treatment regimens have been of uncertain efficacy. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a newly developed psychotherapeutic procedure used in the treatment of PTSD, grief reactions and generalized anxiety. In this paper we describe its use in seven consecutive cases of body dysmorphic disorder. Improvements were obtained in six of the seven patients, five of whom had a complete resolution of their symptoms (Pilots).

Keywords: Adults Case Report Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Females Males Somatoform Disorders Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

185. van der Kolk, B. A. (1994, January). The body keeps the score: Memory and the evolving psychobiology of posttraumatic stress. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 1(5), 253-265. doi:10.3109/10673229409017088.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Ever since people's responses to overwhelming experiences have been systematically explored, researchers have noted that a trauma is stored in somatic memory and expressed as changes in the biological stress response. Intense emotions at the time of the trauma initiate the long-term conditional responses to reminders of the event, which are associated both with chronic alterations in the physiological stress response and with the amnesias and hypermnesias characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Continued physiological hyperarousal and altered stress hormone secretion affect the ongoing evaluation of sensory stimuli as well. Although memory is ordinarily an active and constructive process, in PTSD failure of declarative memory may lead to organization of the trauma on a somatosensory level (as visual images or physical sensations) that is relatively impervious to change. The inability of people with PTSD to integrate traumatic experiences and their tendency, instead, to continuously relieve the past are mirrored physiologically and hormonally in the misinterpretation of innocuous stimuli as potential threats. Animal research suggests that intense emotional memories are processed outside of the hippocampally mediated memory system and are difficult to extinguish. Cortical activity can inhibit the expression of these subcortically based emotional memories. The effectiveness of this inhibition depends, in part, on physiological arousal and neurohormonal activity. These formulations have implications for both the psychotherapy and the pharmacotherapy of PTSD.[MLM MEDLINE]

Keywords: Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice PTSD Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

186. Staff. (2005, January 27). Body over mind - A new book by an area author looks at how our memories cause physical pain--and what can be done about it. New Haven, CT: The New Haven Advocate, Lifestyle, [2 pages].

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The quest to solve this riddle of her early life is one that Scarf explores through some cutting-edge mind/body therapies that have been successful in pinpointing and alleviating painful memories. Two of these are the EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy, and the PBSP (Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor) approach. EMDR was the accidental finding that emotional distress could be alleviated by rapid back and forth eye movements, a kind of rhythmical "eye-tracking" that tapped into some neuro-physiological place within the body that actually relieved pschological pain. PBSP was the group dynamic that involved support through role playing and acting out a trauma.

Keywords: General New Haven Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

187. Korman, S. (2007, June). Body-based interventions for self-reguation and resourcing in the treatment of complex trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In the clinical treatment of complex trauma, it is important to evaluate a patient’s readiness for trauma processing. This includes recognizing a clinical presentation of complex trauma and an understanding of it etiology. Additionally, it is imperative to understand the effects of trauma on the body system. Pre-mature trauma processing can serve to symptomatically worsen a pervasive pattern of systemic dysregulation. Prior to successful trauma processing, a patient must be able to maintain dual attention, regulate their affect, and tolerate the experience of affective state change. Body-based resourcing and regulatory skills can be utilized by the clinician to increase a patient’s ability to tolerate and more fully integrate pre-frontal lobe cognitive activity with the emotional and sensory experiences resultant of trauma. Strategies from many modalities, such as Dialectic Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness Practices and EMDR Resourcing can be taught to and practiced by the client in preparation for successful regulated integration of traumatic memory.

Keywords: Complex PSTD Creativity Mind/Body Resourcing Self Regulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

188. Bush, Y. R. (1999, June). Bonding and attachment. Prescott College, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This paper reviews the issues of major importance in the current study of bonding and attachment. Adopted children and children who have spent some of their childhood in foster care account for a disproportionate number of unattached children. A review of the history of literature relative to bonding and attachment from Freud to Bowlby and to present day experts is presented. The relatively new diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder and the DSM IV diagnostic features are addressed. The treatment process, including the various accepted techniques that have been somewhat successful, is described. The newest technique, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), developed by Francine Shapiro, is being used to help children who have been diagnosed with Reactive Attachment Disorder. The technique is explained in this paper. Chapter six includes information regarding how to complete a family history and assessment and the outline for a more formal narrative report. This paper was written to explain bonding and attachment and its format was planned so that parts of it can be used as a teaching tool. The purpose of the paper is to gain knowledge and understanding in this field of study so that children will benefit. Assessing the level of bonding and attachment will assist the helping professional plan appropriate treatment for children and families.

Keywords: Adoption Attachment Bonding Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

189. Maxfield, L. (2012). Books!. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 86. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.86.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This issue of the journal is devoted to books. In the last few years, our publisher (Springer Publishing) has published seven books and two volume series about eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Our current issue celebrates these contributions by printing an anthology of these works. Each article is an excerpt from one of the books, chosen by the author to highlight the book’s important features and to share valuable clinical content with journal readers. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Books

Accuracy Verified: Yes

190. Pagani, M., Salmaso, D., Looi, J., & Hogberg, G. (2008, June). Brain functional and volumetric analyses post traumatic stress disorder treated by EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Neuro-imaging investigations in PTSD have reported findings for either functional or structural modifications. Only two studies have investigated the changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) following EMDR therapy and one single-patient study recently reported EMDR-related structural changes. The aim of this study was to analyse the structural and functional changes occurring in brain regions implicated in the patho-physiology of PTSD along with the impact on CBF and volumetric data after EMDR treatment. Thirty six train drivers having being exposed to traumatic experiences at work were assigned to different two groups: symptomatic (S, n=17) or nonsymptomatic (NS, n=19), according to PTSD diagnosis. SPECT, following administration of an individualised 35 trauma script, and MRI were performed and EMDR therapy was administered to S. According to EMDR outcome S were further subdivided in responders (R, n=11) and non-responders (NS, n=5). One patient was not treated. CBF and volumetric analyses were performed on temporal lobes, hippocampi and nuclei caudati. ANOVA showed a significantly higher CBF distribution in the left temporal lobe of S as compared to NS and the right nc.caudatus was significantly larger in S. The R group had larger hippocampi and nc.caudati as compared to NR and the size of hippocampi correctly identified 81% of R and NR. The increased left temporal lobe CBF distribution among symptomatic PTSD subjects may reflect the affective significance of higher effort in emotional episodic memory stimulation among symptomatic individuals. Hippocampi volume as measured before EMDR was shown to predict with high accuracy the therapy outcome.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

191. Laiman, J. (2003, August 11). Brain teaser: Can eye aid recall and ease trauma?. Toledo: OH: Toledo Blade, City Final, Peach, D1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Then Dr. Silver read about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing - EMDR for short - in the Journal of Traumatic Stress. He was immediately suspicious.

Keywords: General Overview Steve Silver Toledo

Accuracy Verified: Yes

192. Gannon, J. P. (2011, April). A brain-based peak performance model using meditation, EMDR and cardio imagery and rehearsal. Peak Performance Systems, San Francisco.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
This pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a new model of peak performance training based on applications of brain research to stimulate mental skill acquisition leading to enhanced performance capabilities. Brain-based techniques such as Mindfulness Meditation (MM), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cardio Imagery and Rehearsal (CIR) appear to stimulate various neurological processes including alpha and theta brain waves, higher interhemispheric coherence and reduced sympathetic nervous system arousal. Clinical application of these techniques in a preliminary pilot study with a variety of performers was shown in follow-up self-assessments to have enhanced performance outcomes on seven measures including reduced performance anxiety and self-consciousness, enhanced concentration and focus, improved memorization of performance routines and enhanced overall performance goals. The idea that specific performance routines can be installed using these brain-based techniques that enhance peak performance functioning on demand was supported by these findings.. However, the results of this pilot study are preliminary and further studies using a larger subject sample, empirically validated test measurements and independent control groups are necessary before these findings can be corroborated.

Keywords: Brain-Based Peak Performance Brainscripting Cardio Imagery and Rehearsal Flow Interhemispheric Coherence Mindfulness Meditation Neurofeedback Neuroplasticity Performance Anxiety Pilot Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

193. Miller, R. (2011, August). Breaking impulse-control disorders: A new theory and protocol for compulsions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Feeling-State Theory of Impulse-Control Disorders postulates that Impulse-Control Disorders such as pathological gambling, sexual addiction, and compulsive shopping are created when intense positive feelings become linked with specific behaviors. The effect of this linkage is that the person compulsively reenacts the behavior related to that original positive-feeling event. The therapy described in this presentation is the Impulse-Control Disorder Protocol (ICDP), which uses a modified form of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to address these fixations. Three case studies wiill be used to illustrate the theory and the application of ICDP.

Keywords: Feeling-State Theory Impulse-Control Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

194. Watson, C., Davis, R., & Heimonen, T. (2010, September/October). Bridging the gap between clinical practice and research with EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a trauma treatment with origins date back to 1987 by its founder Francine Shapiro. EMDR is based on an information-processing model and is being used to treat traumatic symptoms. Clinicians in many types of clinical settings worldwide employ EMDR for a board range of treatment issues including grief, depression, anxiety, physical and sexual abuse. Although there is evidence that EMDR is effective in treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, more research needs to be done in clinical practice settings to contribute to the much needed research base about effective of EMDR with other issues.
Therapists working with trauma are often dealing with high caseloads and administrative requirements of the agencies that they work with. The clinicians involved in this research have observed that there have been some encouraging developments in their community which have served to build bridges for clinicians to increase their confidence in the world of research. In 2007, an intiative called Research Skills Development Program offering mentoring in research skills development was offered in association with Lakehead University and Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Ontario, Canada.
Completion of this 1-year program proved to be the first step in make the transition from clinician to researcher. From there, partnerships were formed within the agency and community. With the support of our agency, researchers were able to gain access to testing and computer software that made data collection and data anaylsis possible with least disruption to our clinical services.
The clinicians were encouraged by previous results from our first study in 2007 (n=6) to continue systematic data collection with more clients (n=6). Approval for this recent study was received by the Ethics Committee of St. Joseph's Care Group.

Keywords: Poster Practice Research Research Skills Development Program

Accuracy Verified: Yes

195. Borstein, S. S. (2009). Brief adjunctive EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 198-204. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.198.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Question: How can I provide brief adjunctive EMDR as a consultation service to other therapists’ clients? ANSWER FROM SUZANNE S. BORSTEIN: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and its application to other psychological problems has been documented as well (Maxfi eld, 2007). As the effectiveness of EMDR is increasingly documented not only in the professional literature but also in the popular press, therapists and clients alike have become curious about whether EMDR might be helpful in their work. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Brief Adjunctive

Accuracy Verified: Yes

196. Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012, March). Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), 224-231. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099234.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) are efficacious treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies have directly compared them using well-powered designs and few have investigated response patterns. Aims: To compare the efficacy and response pattern of a traumafocused CBT modality, brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD, with EMDR (trial registration: ISRCTN64872147). Method: Out-patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to brief eclectic psychotherapy (n = 70) or EMDR (n = 70) and assessed at all sessions on self-reported PTSD (Impact of Event Scale – Revised). Other outcomes were clinician-rated PTSD, anxiety and depression. Results: Both treatments were equally effective in reducing PTSD symptom severity, but the response pattern indicated that EMDR led to a significantly sharper decline in PTSD symptoms than brief eclectic psychotherapy, with similar drop-out rates (EMDR: n = 20 (29%), brief eclectic psychotherapy: n = 25 (36%)). Other outcome measures confirmed this pattern of results. Conclusions: Although both treatments are effective, EMDR results in a faster recovery compared with the more gradual improvement with brief eclectic psychotherapy. Declaration of interest: A.d.J. teaches and supervises clinical psychologists and psychiatrists in psychological trauma and its treatment by means of seminars, workshops and conferences, for which the participants pay a fee. He is also director and shareholder of a trauma treatment unit. For both activities he has the formal permission of the executive board of the University of Amsterdam to which he is affiliated.

Keywords: BEP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Randomized Controlled Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

197. Nijdam, M. (2009, June). Brief eclectic psychotherapy versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. In treatment issues (J. de Jong, Chair). Presentation at the 11th Annual European Conference on Traumatic Stress, Oslo, Norway.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Randomized Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

198. Rossello-Mir, J., Revert-Vidal, X., Obrador, P., & Cardell, E. (2007, June). Brief EMDR protocol versus bilateral stimulation in the treatment of spider phobia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR, that includes bilateral stimulation, causes the desensitization and reprocessing of traumatic memories, thus reducing anxiety, distress, fear, and other symptoms related with several anxiety disorders. Previous results show it is effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, panic disorder, public speaking anxiety, etc. Relying on some previous results we think that a brief EMDR protocol could be applied to relieve symptoms of specific phobias.
To investigate this issue, we study the efficacy of a new brief EMDR protocol in the treatment of spider phobia. Furthermore, our design tries to clarify the controversy about which components of the EMDR procedure are relevant for patient’s improvement. More specifically, we compare the effectiveness of our brief procedures with that of simple bilateral stimulation that is, without eye movements, which necessity to obtain therapeutic outcome has been questioned.
We randomly assign twenty volunteers, female university students with spider phobia to one of three groups. We applied the brief EMDR protocol to the first one and bilateral stimulation to the second one, being the third group the control one. To assess the effectiveness of both treatments, in addition to apply traditional questionnaires, we designed a specific emotional Stroop task in order to make use of this tool to evaluate, before and after each treatment, the selective attentional biases, that seem to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. We discuss the differences found in our results in reference to the controversy aforementioned and how they can help to understand the EMDR mechanism of action.

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Brief EMDR Spider Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

199. Hettiarachchi, M. (2007). Brief intervention for post traumatic stress disorder with combined use of cognitive behaviour therapy and eye movement desensitisation reprocessing. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 6(1), 1-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study is of a 23 year old female diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Sri Lanka, six months following the Asian Tsunami of December 2004. The intervention was conducted in a village clinic on the southern coast of the country. Treatment involved the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to monitor levels of anxiety. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to assess level of intrusion and avoidance (Horowitz, Wilner & Alvarez, 1979). Subjective Units of Distress Scores (SUDS) were obtained to assess level of distress and the Validity of Cognition Scale (VOC) used to assess accuracy of positive beliefs (Shapiro, 2001). A significant reduction in trauma symptoms, levels of distress, intrusion and avoidance were noted at post-treatment. Treatment gains were maintained at one month and nine month follow-up. The combined treatment protocol may be an effective brief intervention to use in situations that require rapid treatments to alleviate personal psychological distress in the aftermath of large scale disasters.

Keywords: Asian Tsunami Brief Intervention Clinical Case Study Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy Emotional Trauma Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

200. Nicosia, G. J. (1995, March). A brief note: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is not hypnosis. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 8(1), 69.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Argues that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and hypnosis are qualitatively different states of neurophysiological functioning. An experiment is reported in which the effects of EMDR on brain functioning of 3 Ss are examined. EEGs taken during EMDR for these Ss were within normal range, and did not differ from waking state EEGs, indicating that EMDR does not appear to produce the altered consciousness state associated with hypnosis or confabulation. EMDR memories may be more valid in the legal process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Electroencephalography Eye Movements Hypnotherapy Letter Neurophysiology Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

201. Scheck, M. M., Schaeffer, J. A., & Gillette, C. (1998, January). Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(1), 25-44. doi:10.1023/A:1024400931106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
To study the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized young women, 60 women between the ages of 16 and 25 were randomly assigned to 2 sessions of either EMDR or an active listening (AL) control. Factorial ANOVA interaction effects and simple main effects for outcome measures (Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Penn Inventory for PTSD, Impact of Event Scale, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale) indicated significant improvement for both groups and significantly greater pre-post change for EMDR-treated participants. Pre-post effect sizes for the EMDR group averaged 1.56 compared to 0.65 for the AL group. Despite treatment brevity, the posttreatment outcome variable means of EMDR-treated participants compared favorably with nonpatient or successfully treated norm groups on all measures. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Battery Child Abuse Effects Emotional Abuse Females Empirical Study Follow-up Study Incest Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults

Accuracy Verified: Yes

202. Shapiro, F. (1999). Brief therapy inside out: EMDR - Working with grief. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen Inc. Publishers.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
Sit in on therapy with the masters! This video is part of the innovative "Brief Therapy Inside Out" series - a unique series that puts you directly in the therapy room to watch as leading therapists demonstrate their approaches in 45-minute, unrehearsed clinical sessions with real clients (not actors). EMDR founder Francine Shapiro has trained over 30,000 clinicians worldwide in her unique approach to the treatment of trauma. Known formally as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR has been used successfully in critical incident work with victims of such tragedies as the Oklahoma City bombing, with both single-incident rape and incest survivors, with survivors of chronic abuse, even with treatment-resistant Vietnam vets. Here, Shapiro illustrates her eight-phase EMDR protocol with Angie, a recovering addict struggling with the sudden loss of her lover. While the exact neural mechanisms underlying EMDR are still not precisely understood, what is clear is that with skilled use of this potent reprocessing treatment, painful experiences that used to take months or years to treat have been resolved in as few as one to three 90-minute sessions. The videotape provides a singular introduction to this powerful approach as demonstrated by its extremely skilled founder. The clinical session is preceded by an introductory interview with series hosts Drs. Jon Carlson and Diane Kjos in which Shapiro explains basic principles underlying her approach. The video closes with a Q&A segment in which key interactions from the eight-phase treatment protocol are replayed and discussed. 95 minutes.

Keywords: Grief

Accuracy Verified: Yes

203. Robbins, J. (2000, December). Brief trauma treatment of a toddler using EMDR. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(Special Edition), 25-27.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
This paper presents a single-case test of Greenwald’s trauma treatment model for very young children. The model worked as predicted. Full treatment of a 2-1/2-year-old boy with post traumatic stress disorder (provisional) was conducted in three session, including two sessions with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Two-week and six-month telephone follow-up indicated complete and maintained symptom relief.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

204. Chemtob, C., Nakashima, J., & Carlson, J. (2002, January). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A field study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 99-112. doi:10.1002/jclp.1131.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Effective psychological intervention is needed to help children recover from disaster-related PTSD. This controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief intervention for disaster-related PTSD. At one-year follow-up of a prior intervention for disaster-related symptoms, some previously treated children were still suffering significant trauma symptoms. Using a randomized lagged-groups design, we provided three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to 32 of these children who met clinical criteria for PTSD. The Children's Reaction Inventory (CRI) was the primary measure of the treatment's effect on PTSD symptoms. Associated symptoms were measured using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Treatment resulted in substantial reductions in both groups' CRI scores and in significant, though more modest, reductions in RCMAS and CDI scores. Gains were maintained at six-month follow-up. Health visits to the school nurse were significantly reduced following treatment. Psychosocial intervention appears useful for children suffering disaster-related PTSD. Conducting controlled studies of children's treatment in the postdisaster environment appears feasible. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Treatment Disasters Elementary School Students Empirical Study Follow-up Study Health Care Utilization Hurricanes Hurricane Iniki Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Victim Service

Accuracy Verified: Yes

205. Meignant, I., & Meignant, C. (2008, May). Buddy the dog's E.M.D.R. EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
The Buddy's Extroadinary Momentum for Discovery and Reconciliation is made to help kids from 0 to 99 deal with the abreaction through the story of a traumatized dog. It allows us to understand the internal process which takes place during the acceptance creation of a trauma, a process caused by eye movements, as during the therapy EMDR.
It's also a magnificent tool for understanding the neuro emotional integration processing which takes place during the bilateral stimulation, for all those suffering traumatism in the broad sense of the term: simple or complex, unique or multiple, the traumatic disorders of development and generally the memories of the past staying emotionally in the present. These events of the past of which we say "it's as if, it was yesterday" which do not become memories which we consult and which do not hurt any more. This book shows an example of the internal process of EMDR which will allow Buddy the dog to become reconciled with himself and to be able to live WITH the memories and not IN the memories.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

206. Zaghrout-Hodali, M., Alissa, F., & Dodgson, P. (2008). Building resilience and dismantling fear: EMDR group protocol with children in an area of ongoing trauma. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 106-113. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A number of studies indicate that EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) may be efficacious in treatment of children and young people with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. However, reports are limited in the use of the EMDR psychotherapy approach in situations of ongoing violence and trauma. This case study describes work with 7 children in an area of ongoing violence who were subject to repeat traumas during the course of an EMDR psychotherapy intervention, using a group protocol. Results indicate that the EMDR approach can be effective in a group setting, and in an acute situation, both in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic and peritraumatic stress and in "inoculation" or building resilience in a setting of ongoing conflict and trauma. Given the need for such applications, further research is recommended regarding EMDR's ability to increase personal resources in such settings. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Cognitive Processes Conflict Intifada Group Psychotherapy Multiple Traumatic Events Palestinians Psychotherapeutic Processes Recent Events Resilience Group Therapy Survivors School Age Children Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

207. Staff. (2006, July 24). Business snapshots column. Butte, MT: The Montana Standard.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
EMDR is an adaptive information processing treatment model that uses dual attention through bilateral stimulation to help resolve traumatic and distressing emotional experiences.

Keywords: Butte General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

208. Waters, F. S., Potgieter, R., & Yehuda, N. (2011, November). But they are too young to be traumatized!. Presentation at the 28th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Montreal, Quebec.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
All too often it is assumed that infants or young children are too young to remember frightening, painful, and confusing experiences, and therefore will not suffer harm because they are too young to be traumatized. Clinical experience; however, as well as research on neurobiology of trauma, child development, and attachment, tell a different story. While very often not verbalized, overwhelming early experiences are nonetheless remembered implicitly. As such they tend to find expression in a myriad of debilitating emotional and somatic symptoms across a persons life span; even into adulthood. Understanding how early trauma can affect the child developmentally, and how it might be expressed, is crucial not only to clinicians treating children but also to those working with adults. It is through understanding early traumatic markers and the subtle, often coded signs, sometimes rooted as far back as infancy, that one can begin the process of untangling these symptoms and freeing the individual from a lifetime of pain, suffering, and failed relationships. This workshop will examine the types of early traumamedical, severe neglect, all forms of abuse, disrupted attachmentand how these traumatic experiences impact the young child from birth to five years. The signs and symptoms of traumatized and dissociative children, as well as available research on the topic will be described, along with case examples. The need for careful interpretation of often convoluted and subtle symptoms will be explained. Accurate interpretation of a childs presentation relies on understanding the neurobiology of trauma and dissociation. That, as well as understanding the impact on child development and attachment is crucial for effective intervention. Strategies such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and involvement of caregivers in the therapy will be described. Videoed sessions and artwork describing the young traumatized child's inner world and recovery process will augment the presentation.

Keywords: Children Infants

Accuracy Verified: Yes

209. Gauvreau, P. (2012, April). Ça bloque! Ça boucle! (looping)! Que faire? [It freezes! This loop! (looping)! What to do?]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
S’inspirant à la fois du modèle de traitement adaptatif de l’information/protocole EMDR et de notions en dissociation structurelle, des stratégies pour gérer les blocages au retraitement et les boucles seront présentées. Nous aborderons les stratégies avec ou sans tissage cognitif à l’aide d’exemples cliniques. Également, des stratégies faisant appel aux états du moi seront abordées dans des cas plus complexes de blocages au retraitement.
Objectifs d’apprentissage: 1. Identifier les clients qui sous ou sur-accèdent au matériel et les stratégies à mettre en place 2. Reconnaître quand le retraitement est bloqué ou quand il y a présence de boucles et choisir des stratégies à mettre en place 3.Connaître des stratégies sans tissage 4.Connaître des stratégies avec tissage 5.Connaître quelques stratégies faisant appel aux états du moi – dissociation structurelle.

Inspired by both the model adaptive processing of information / EMDR protocol and concepts in structural dissociation, strategies to handle deadlocks reprocessing and loops will be presented. We will discuss strategies with or without cognitive weaving using clinical examples. Also, strategies involving the ego states will be addressed in more complex cases of blockages reprocessing.
Learning Objectives: 1. Identify customers who underexposed or access the materials and strategies to implement 2. Recognize when the restatement is blocked or when there is presence of loops and choose strategies to implement strategies without 3.Connaître 4.Connaître weaving weaving 5.Connaître strategies with some strategies to use ego states - structural dissociation.

Keywords: Interweaves Looping

Accuracy Verified: Yes

210. Grant, M. (1997). Calm and confident overcome stress and anxiety with EMDR. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

Language: English

Format: Audio

Abstract:
Two dynamic guided visualizations, soothing native Australian music, and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) combine top help listeners relax and feel more confident about dealing with stress and anxiety-producing situations. A 16-page instruction booklet provides complete instructions and suggested uses. September pulication date.

Keywords: Anxiety Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychic Trauma Treatment PTSD PSTD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

211. Williams, M. E. (2010, July 23). Can anything cure the trauma of my mugging?. Salon. Retrieved from http://www.salon.com/life/life_stories/?story=/mwt/feature/2010/07/23/emdr_after_a_mugging 7/23/2010.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
I knew about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy from one of my best friends, Lily Burana. I had watched it do wonders for her and her combat-veteran husband, and I'd read her enthusiastic account of the experience in her memoir "I Love a Man in Uniform." As she explains, "In the course of a year, I got married, my husband went to war, we moved to a new post and my father died. To say everything hit the fan was an understatement. I'd been sitting in the therapist's chair for a year and not getting better; I was just getting better at telling my story. With EMDR, it started to work right away."

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

212. Gaudiano, B. A. (2004 January 4). Can be depressing. Monterey County, CA: The Monterey County Herald, Commentary, F1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Keywords: General Monterey County Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

213. Feske, U., & Goldstein, A. J. (1998). Can EMDR be used to treat panic disorder?. Clinician's Research Digest, 16(5), 3.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract: 43 outpatients with DSM-III-R panic disorder were randomly assigned to receive 6 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), the same treatment but omitting the eye movement, or to a waiting list. Posttest comparisons showed EMDR to be more effective in alleviating panic and panic-related symptoms than the waiting-list procedure. Compared with the same treatment without the eye movement, EMDR led to greater improvement on 2 of 5 primary outcome measures at posttest. However, EMDR's advantages had dissipated 3 months after treatment, thereby failing to firmly support the usefulness of the eye movement component in EMDR treatment for panic disorder. [Author Abstract].
Examined whether eye movement desensitization and reprocessing can be used to treat panic disorder. This research appeared in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1026-1035.

Keywords: Panic Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

214. Rosen, G. M., & Lohr, J. (1997, January/February). Can eye movements cure mental ailments?. National Council Against Health Fraud Newsletter, 20(1), 1.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Argues that the null hypothesis should be applied to claims that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can successfully treat PTSD. [Reprinted in Skeptical Briefs, 1997, 7, 12]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

215. Rodriguez, T. (2013, January/February). Can eye movements treat trauma?. Scientific American Mind, 23(6), 9-9.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
The article focuses on the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research supports the concept of using eye movements in reducing the symptoms of PTSD. Researchers note that eye movements strip the patients' troubling memories of vividness and its distress. They discover the outperformed tones of eye movements in mitigating memories' vividness and emotional intensity level.

Keywords: Eye Movements Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

216. Tareen, S., Farrell, D., Keenan, P., Swift, J., & Poole, D. (2008, November). Capacity building in developing country: Developing eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) in Pakistan. Poster presented at the All-Ireland Institute of Psychiatry Winter Meeting, Belfast, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Although there is no published work on the magnitude on PTSD after the earthquake in Pakistan in 2005, 16% of patients seen in Muzafarabad and 51% in Balak...

Keywords: Developing Countries Pakistan Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

217. Knox, K. (2002, Spring). Case application of EMDR in trauma work. Brief Treatment & Crisis Intervention, 2(1), 49-53.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article presents a case application applying Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in trauma work. An overview of the theoretical model will be presented, and examples from a hypothetical case will illustrate how this approach can be effective in minimizing the maladaptive and negative reactions from recent trauma experiences such as the World Trade Center mass murders of September 11, 2001.

Keywords: Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Grief Grief Work Model Nonclinical Case Study Rapid Eye Movement Stress Reactions Terrorism Trauma World Trade Center

Accuracy Verified: Yes

218. Forgash, C., Leeds, A., Stramrood, C. A. I., & Robbins, A. (2013). Case consultation: Traumatized pregnant woman. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 45-49. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.45.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Case consultation is a new regular feature in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research in which a therapist requests assistance regarding a challenging case and responses are written by three experts. In this article, Amy Robbins, a certified eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapist from Atlanta, Georgia, briefly describes a challenging case in which a pregnant woman seeks treatment for trauma suffered in a tornado. The clinician asks if it is advisable to provide EMDR treatment and what concerns she should be aware of. The first expert, Carol Forgash, provides some general information about pregnancy and psychotherapy and outlines considerations, concerns, and contraindications for proceeding with EMDR. She recommends that if treatment is chosen, the therapist proceed with a recent trauma protocol to specifically target the traumatic memories of the recent tornado. The second expert, Andrew Leeds, comments on the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or other scientific reports exploring the safety of EMDR treatment of pregnant women. He states that pregnant women with symptoms of posttraumatic stress should understand that there is a high probability that EMDR will improve maternal quality of life and that the risks of adverse effects on stability of pregnancy are probably low, but that these remain unknown. The third expert, Claire Stramrood, explains that the few case studies that evaluated EMDR during pregnancy have found positive effects but pertained to women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth. She asserts that once obstetricians have been consulted, women have been informed about possible risks and benefits, and, given their informed consent, they should be able to choose to commence EMDR therapy during pregnancy.

Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Pregnancy PTSD Tornado

Accuracy Verified: Yes

219. Shapiro, R., Hofmann, A., & Grey, E. (2013). Case consultation: Unremitting depression. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 39-44. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.39.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Case Consultation is a new regular feature in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. In this article, an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinician briefly describes a challenging case in which a man, “George,” was referred for EMDR for treatment of a depression that began more than 2 years previously. After all his reported traumatic memories were completely processed with EMDR, George remains severely depressed and the therapist asks how to proceed effectively with treatment. Responses are written by three experts. The first expert, Robin Shapiro, describes a comprehensive list of possible etiologies, including attachment, early trauma, genetic, and other biological causes and their appropriate EMDR, ego state, or medical treatments. The second expert, Arne Hofmann, reviews the treatment that was provided and makes suggestions for alternate treatment targets, suggesting that the therapist could address the client’s belief that “nothing will change” and try the EMDR inverted protocol. The third expert, Earl Grey, recommends that the clinician focus on addressing small “t” traumas, even if the client indicates that he or she has little to no disturbance and explains how to develop and implement a “restorative life span target sequence.”

Keywords: Consultation Depression Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

220. Leeds, A. (1993, March). Case formulation presentation. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The first principle in EMDR case conceptualization is recognizing the degree to which the treatment will need to address:
1) specific effects of trauma (large t traumas);
2) other developmental deficits (small t traumas) This is assessed during the client history taking (Phase 1); by responses to protocols in both preparation and assessment phases (Phases 2 and 3); reprocessing (Phase 4, 5, and 6); and during thle reevaluation (Phase 8).

Keywords: Case conceputalization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

221. Seubert, A. (2009, April 18). The case of mistaken identity: EMDR and ego state therapy in the treatment of eating disorders. Presentation at the Western Massachusetts EMDRIA Conference "EMDR and the Body," Amherst, MA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop uses the EMDR eight-phase model to provide an overview for treatment of people with eating disorders. The preparation phase highlights a 4-step method of teaching emotional competence, and the use of ego state therapy to free the Self from an identity with the disordered part(s). Preparation and processing both require body awareness and acceptance, as well as the ability to titrate released disturbance and re-stabilize after EMDR application to touchstone events.

Keywords: Eating Disorders Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

222. Seubert, A. (2010, June). The case of mistaken identity: EMDR, attachment and ego states in the treatment of eating disorders. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Attachment and Ego States in the treatment of eating disorders is a 120 minute program, which introduces participants to 1. the kind of history taking, medical attention and goal establishment unique to clients with eating disorders, 2, the extensive preparation, which includes emotional expertise and somatic awareness, 3. the inevitable presence of dissociation and the use of ego state therapy to access the source of the eating disordered addiction, 4, the need for attachment repair and 5, slight modifications to trauma processing given emotional fragility and the tendency to return to the disorder. even after extensive preparation. The modifications entail A. a return to attachment/reparenting work, even during phases 3-6, a5 a way to 'pendulate' between the traumata and resources, B. the use of dissociation strategies, e.g., having the eating disordered part look through the eyes with the client, and C. titrating the target memories. THE CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY employs an EMDR phase model, which includes an evaluation phase, focusing on medical safety, case formulation and mutual goal creation. In the preparation phase, participants will learn a4-step method of teaching emotional competence, and the use of ego state therapy to free the self from identity with the disordered part&), and strategies for attachment repair. Preparation and Processing phases both require body awareness and acceptance, as well as the ability to titrate released disturbance and re-stabilize (Re-evaluation) after EMDR application to touchstone events. Video clips, case studies and case reviews will reinforce learning. Learning objectives: 1 Participants will describe the trauma-based purpose for dissociation in eating disorders, 2 will describe the practice of awareness and four steps to emotional competence. 3. will name two ego-state strategies methods in identifying and collaborating with ego states, 4. two attachment repair methods, and 5. describe two minor adaptations to the processing phase. WHAT IS NEW: Eating disorder treatment often recognizes, but rarely offers treatment solutions, to the traumatic origins of an eating disorder. This fact, coupled with a lack of awareness of the role of attachment injury and dissociation, renders many of the contemporary approaches to eating disorder treatment incomplete and often ineffective.

Keywords: Attachment, Eating Disorders Ego States

Accuracy Verified: Yes

223. Seubert, A. (2010, April/May). The case of mistaken identity: EMDR, ego states and attachment in the treatment of eating disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this workshop the presenter explores the presence of dissociation in clients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa. The approach described employs an EMDR phase model, with expanded evaluation and preparation phases. The extended preparation discussed includes a 4-step method of teaching emotional competence, an introduction to body awareness, and the use of ego state therapy with the disordered part(s). Processing typically requires attachment repair, as well as the ability to titrate released disturbance and re-stabilize after EMDR application to touchstone events. Video clips, case studies and case reviews will reinforce learning.

Keywords: Attachment Eating Disorders Ego States

Accuracy Verified: Yes

224. Seubert, A. (2009, August). The case of mistaken identity: EMDR, ego-states and eating disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop explores the presence of dissociation in clients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa. The approach employs an EMDR phase model, expanding the evaluation and preparation phases. Preparation presents a 4-step method of teaching emotional competence, as well as the use of Ego-State Therapy with the disordered part(s). Processing requires body awareness, as well as the ability to titrate released disturbance and re-stabilize after EMDR application to touchstone events. Video clips, case studies and case reviews will reinforce learning.

Keywords: Eating Disorders Ego States

Accuracy Verified: Yes

225. Bodian, S. (1995). A case of past-life interweave. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(2), 3-4.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Although I spent 10 years as a Buddhist monk and meditation teacher before becoming a therapist, I have always considered myself an agnostic on the issue of reincarnation. So it was much to my surprise, and without any prompting on my Part, that one of my clients recently had a past-life experience during an EMDR session and then spontaneously wove the experience into the reprocessing of a childhood memory.

Keywords: Past Life Interweave

Accuracy Verified: Yes

226. Lea, G. W. (1995). A case of spontaneous EMDR in a child. EMDR Network Newsletter, 5(1), 8.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Clinicians trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are well aware of the often cited report of Dr. Shapiro's discovery of Eye Movement Desensitization. The following is a brief account of an 8- year-old male sexual abuse victim who spontaneously discovered eye movement desensitization.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

227. Kim, D., & Kim, K-I. (2004, January). A case series of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in 30 psychiatric patients: Korean experience. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 43(1), 113-118.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objectives: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an emerging psychotherapeutic technique for posttraumatic stress disorder and other conditions associated with psychological trauma. The effectiveness of this technique has been reported among North American and European populations; however, research on it's effectiveness among other ethnocultural groups is sparse. This is the first clinical study of EMDR in Korea with 30 Korean psychiatric patients in two clinical settings. METHODS: Diagnostically heterogeneous group of 30 psychiatric patients underwent a mean of 3.13 (95%CI=2.54-3.73) sessions of EMDR. The Clinical Global Impression-Change scale (CGI-C) was administered one week and six months after the termination of treatment. Results: Participants had a mean CGI-C score of 1.80 (95%CI=1.44-2.16). We designated as 'responders' those who were 'very much improved' or 'much improved' on the CGI-C, 23 (77%) After six months, 19/23 (83%) still characterized as remaimed responders. All the patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, phobia, and grief reaction were responders, and those with personality disorder nonresponders. Results for depressive and other disorders were mixed. Conclusion: Despite methodological limitations, results from this study suggest that the EMDR can be applied to Korean psychiatric patients.

Keywords: Korea Psychiatric Patients

Accuracy Verified: Yes

228. Bae, H., Kim, D., & Ahn, J. (2006, September). A case series of post-traumatic obsessive compulsive disorder: A six month follow-up evaluation. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 45(5), 476-480.

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A number of recent case reports and series indicate that obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) can develop after traumatic experience as a comorbid conditon to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These descriptive studies consistently addressed that those patients respond poorly to treatments and had an unfavorable outcome. However, this conclusion was not supported by prospective follow up with objective measurement of symptomatology. This report presents three single trauma-related PTSD patients who developed full-blown OCD concurrently with or after the initiation of PTSD. These patients represent 10% of new PTSD outpatients at a PTSD clinic during one year period and 25% of PTSD patients who had been admitted. In all three cases compulsion seemed to distract or serve as avoidance to intrusive symptoms of PTSD. Despite Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and/or exposure therapy for PTSD together with at least two antidepressant trials for PTSD and OCD, at six month follow-up PTSD partially improved and OCD remained unchanged. This finding is consistent with previous reports from western literature (KoreaMed).

Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

229. Lipke, H., & Botkin, A. (1992, Winter). Case studies of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 29(4), 591-595. doi:10.1037/00333204.29.4.591.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Five hospitalized Vietnam combat veterans with chronic PTSD were treated with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a new psychotherapeutic procedure. Changes in previously refractory symptoms of intrusiveness and arousal were noted for some subjects. The variability of effects was examined in terms of subject variables and therapist training with the procedure. REM sleep findings and studies of cognitive concomitant of waking eye movement were considered in efforts to understand EMDR effects. The overall results suggest that: (1) EMDR can be a powerful clinical tool in the treatment of PTSD, and (2) further research is strongly recommended. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults African Americans Empirical Study European Americans Males Middle Aged Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

230. Cartwright, L. (2000, September-October). Case Studies: Expanding our tool kit: A new technique that compliments TFT and EMDR. Family Therapy Networker, 24(5), 71-82.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In recent years, increasing numbers of therapists have discovered the effectiveness of neurologically based therapy techniques, such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Thought Field Therapy (TFT), not only for trauma, but for a wide range of problems, including anxiety, anger, grief and phobias. Like most therapeutic approaches, however, they provide remarkable results for one client and little or no results for another, no matter how skilled the therapist. Even more mysterious, they can significantly help a client with one problem, but not with a different problem. For instance, Sarah, age 40, had been suffering from depression for five years. The depression was triggered by the death of her father, loss of a good-paying job due to downsizing and her fiance's breaking off their engagement--all within a one-year period. After six months of increasing anxiety and worsening depression (accompanied by low energy, disinterest in life and withdrawal from social situations), Sarah entered therapy. Biweekly sessions for the next three years, which frequently included EMDR, significantly reduced her anxiety, but did not alleviate the depression. Nor did antidepressants. Years before, I had had a similar experience. EMDR had sharply reduced my obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but didn't help my depression. TFT eliminated recurring anger, but also didn't help my depression.

In the course of five years of research into neurologically based approaches, I happened upon a working hypothesis that explains such inconsistent results. The side-to-side eye movements of EMDR that activate the left and right hemispheres of the brain seem to help people resolve problems based on a lack of communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The tapping, or front/back stimulation of acupuncture points, in TFT is effective when there is a lack of communication between the front and back of the nervous system (controlled by the energy center, well known to acupuncturists and martial artists, that lies below the navel). And since we are three-dimensional creatures, I hypothesized that some problems stem from a lack of communication between the top and bottom of the nervous system as well, which I correlate with the brain and the enteric nervous system of the digestive tract (the source of gut feelings). Working from this hypothesis, I have also developed processes to reintegrate the top/bottom dimension.

I have found that although certain emotions tend to be based within a given neurological dimension (indecisiveness is often in left/right, anxiety in front/back and depression in top/bottom, for example), a client may experience any emotion as a block within any dimension or combination of dimensions. As a result, depending upon both the client and the specific problem being addressed, a therapist might need to use techniques that facilitate integration of the left/right, front/back and/or top/bottom dimensions of the nervous system. When a client is blocked within two or three dimensions of the nervous system, working within just one dimension will sometimes activate healing across the entire nervous system. If this does not happen, it is then necessary to work in the remaining dimensions.

From these hypotheses I developed a system called Shifting Consciousness through Dimensions (SCtD), which provides therapists ways to assess the dimension(s) the client is blocked in, processes to identify, if necessary, which dimension to start with and specific integrating techniques for each dimension.

Keywords: TFT Thought Field Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

231. Krohn, D., & Whisman, M. (1999, April 29 - May 1). A case study examining the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on clients diagnosed with panic disorder. Presentation at the Midwestern Psychological Association, Fort Wayne, IN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Clients Panic Disorder

Accuracy Verified: No

232. Richards, L. D. (1999, June). A case study in the application of EMDR for paranoid schizophrenia. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(2), 11, 16, 30-31.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has shown dramatic effect in dealing with various types of trauma, with the definition of trauma encompassing much more than catastrophic occurrences or events. How a person reacts to trauma is equally broad in it display, manifestations, and consequences for every individual. This a a story of Anna, and her life as it is affected by trauma and mental illness. It testifies to the power of EMDR and, even more importantly, to the capacity of the individual to achieve inner healing.

Keywords: Paranoid Schizophrenia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

233. Lobenstine, F., & Courtney, D. (2013). A case study: The integration of intensive EMDR and ego state therapy to treat comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 65-80. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.65.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study used a quantitative, single-case study design to examine the effectiveness of the integration of intensive eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and ego state therapy for the treatment of an individual diagnosed with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The participant received 25.5 hr of treatment in a 3-week period, followed with 12 hr of primarily supportive therapy over the next 6-week period. Clinical symptoms decreased as evidenced by reduction in scores from baseline to 6-week follow-up on the following scales: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) from 46 (severe depression) to 15 (mild mood disorder), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) from 37 (severe anxiety) to 25 (moderate anxiety), and Impact of Events Scale from 50 (severe PTSD symptoms) to 12 (below PTSD cutoff). Scores showed further reductions at 6-month follow-up. Results show the apparent effectiveness of the integration of intensive EMDR and ego state work.

Keywords: Anxiety Depression Ego State Therapy Evidence-Based Practice Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: No

234. Shapiro, F. (2013, May). The case: Treating Jared through eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(5), 494-496 doi:10.1002/jclp.21986.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
No abstract is available for this article.

Keywords: Case Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

235. Hornsveld, H. K., & Berendsen, S. A. (2009). Casusboek EMDR, 25 voorbeelden uit de praktijk [EMDR book case, 25 examples from practice]. Uitgeverij, Belgium: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.

Language: Dutch

Format: Book

Abstract:
Ongeveer twintig jaar geleden, werd EMDR (Eye Movement Desensibilisatie and Reprocessing) ontwikkeld als een vorm van Post Traumatische Stress Stoornissen (PTSS). Na aanvankelijke scepsis is opgenomen in EMDR (inter) nationale richtlijnen voor de behandeling van PTSS en is ook in vele andere klachten van de aanvragen. In zaak Boek EMDR therapeuten beschrijven 25 Nederlandse aansprekende voorbeelden uit hun praktijk die ze met succes gebruikt EMDR. Zo geven ze de lezer een kijkje in de keuken van hun praktijk en neemt een deel van het mysterie rond deze behandeling optie weg. De ervaringen van de cliënten beschreven tonen niet alleen de effectiviteit van EMDR, maar ook de efficiëntie van deze vorm van therapie.

Approximately twenty years ago, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) was developed as a form of Post Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). After initial skepticism has been included in EMDR (inter) national guidelines for the treatment of PTSD and is also in many other complaints of applications. In Case Book EMDR therapists describe 25 Dutch appealing examples from their practice which they successfully used EMDR. Thus they give the reader a glimpse into the kitchen of their practice and take some of the mystery surrounding this treatment option away. The experiences of the clients described not only show the effectiveness of EMDR, but also the efficiency of this form of therapy.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

236. Herbert, C. (2002, June). A CBT-based therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems. European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counseling & Health, 5(2), 135-144.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper offers a therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems, based on a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approach, which is informed by a combination of schema-focussed cognitive behavioural therapy (McGinn and Young 1996; Young 1994; Padesky 1994; Pretzer and Fleming 1989), specialized cognitive behaviourally-focussed trauma therapy (Herbert 1996, 2001, 2002a, 2002b; Herbert and Wetmore 1999, 2001), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing techniques (EMDR - Shapiro 1995) and mindfulness techniques (Bennett-Goleman 2001; Teasdale et al. 1995; Kabat-Zinn 1994; Linehan 1993). This paper attempts to illustrate how such an approach might be applied to working with complex client problems, such as Tracey's, by addressing some of the therapeutic issues that have been highlighted in the original case study of Tracey by her therapist and introducing an alternative understanding of these.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Countertransference Distress Phenomenology Physical Manifestations Psychoanalysis Psychotherapy Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychological Distress Psychosomatic Phenomena Self Destructive Behavior Self Harm Somatoform Disorders Thinking Trauma Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

237. Herbert, C. (2002, May). A CBT-based therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Frankfurt, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This paper offers a therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems, based on a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approach, which is informed by a combination of schema-focussed cognitive behavioural therapy (McGinn and Young 1996; Young 1994; Padesky 1994; Pretzer and Fleming 1989), specialized cognitive behaviourally-focussed trauma therapy (Herbert 1996, 2001, 2002a, 2002b; Herbert and Wetmore 1999, 2001), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing techniques (EMDR - Shapiro 1995) and mindfulness techniques (Bennett-Goleman 2001; Teasdale et al. 1995; Kabat-Zinn 1994; Linehan 1993). This paper attempts to illustrate how such an approach might be applied to working with complex client problems, such as Tracey's, by addressing some of the therapeutic issues that have been highlighted in the original case study of Tracey by her therapist and introducing an alternative understanding of these.[Taylor-Francis]

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Counseling Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

238. Ansorge, R. (1997, April 22). Certain emotional signs can point to post-traumatic stress disorder. Colorado Springs, CO: Gazette, Lifestyle, 2.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Are you or someone you know a candidate for EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing)? You might be if you suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and have not responded to traditional talk therapy, medication or lifestyle changes.

Keywords: Colorado Springs Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

239. McLaughlin, D. F., McGowan, I. W., Paterson, M. C., & Miller, P. W. (2008, September). Cessation of deliberate self harm following eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: A case report. Cases Journal, 1, 177-180. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-1-177.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
We present a case report of an eighteen year old female patient presenting with a psychological trauma related complaint. Part of the manifestation of the complaint included acts of self cutting over a number of years. Following two sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing with one of the authors (DM) her self cutting ceased. This is maintained at thirteen months follow up. We conclude that Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing may be an effective treatment option in reducing repeat self harm where traumatic events are noted to be the precursor to deliberate self harm.[Author abstract]

Keywords: Self Harm

Accuracy Verified: Yes

240. McGowan, I., McLaughlin, D., Miller, P., & Paterson, M. (2010, April). Cessation of suicide related behaviour following EMDR. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Deliberate self harm (DSH) and suicidal behaviour are major public health issues. It is estimated that DSH costs around £40 million pounds annually in addition to the incalculable human cost. The aim of the presentation is to highlight on- going work exploring the relationship between trauma and suicide related thoughts and behaviour. Utilising a case series approach the presentation will build upon previous work by the presenters. It report a number of cases in which suicidal behaviour and thoughts have ceased following treatment of a trauma related presentation using Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing. The paper will conclude that suicidal behaviour is related to previous trauma and that by resolving the initial trauma the potential for suicidal behaviour including DSH is greatly diminished or disappears.
Learning Outcomes By the end of the session participants will be able to: • discuss the relationship between trauma and suicidal behaviour, • discuss the potential of using trauma focused interventions in treating suicidal behaviour

Keywords: Suicide

Accuracy Verified: Yes

241. Allen, J. G. (2003). Challenges in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and attachment trauma. Current Women’s Health Reports, 3, 213–220.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Treating women suffering from trauma poses significant challenges. The diagnostic prototype of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is based on single-event trauma, such as sexual assault in adulthood. Several effective cognitivebehavioral treatments for such traumas have been developed, although many treated patients continue to experience residual symptoms. Even more problematic is the complex developmental psychopathology stemming from a lifetime history of multiple traumas, often beginning with maltreatment in early attachment relationships. A history of attachment trauma undermines the development of capacities to regulate emotional distress and thereby complicates the treatment of acute trauma in adulthood. Such complex trauma requires a multifaceted treatment approach that must balance processing of traumatic memories with strategies to contain the intense emotions this processing evokes. Moreover, conducting such treatment places therapists at risk for secondary trauma such that trauma therapists also must process this stressful experience and implement strategies to regulate their own distress.

Keywords: Attachment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

242. Wesselmann, D., & Potter, A. E. (2009). Change in adult attachment status following treatment with EMDR: Three case dtudies. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3),178-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.178.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Three case studies illustrate pre- and post-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) adult attachment status as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Two adult males and one adult female presented for outpatient therapy; all of them were categorized with an insecure or disorganized attachment status at pretreatment. All presented with symptoms of depression and anxiety and complaints regarding problems in their current marital and family relationships. The three patients received 10 to 15 EMDR sessions over the course of approximately 1 year, interspersed with talk therapy sessions for the purpose of debriefing and psychoeducation. The EMDR approach utilized all eight phases of treatment within the three-pronged approach. Following EMDR therapy, all three patients made positive changes in attachment status as measured by the AAI, and all three reported positive changes in emotions and relationships. This article provides an overview of the literature related to adult attachment categories and summarizes the effect of adult attachment status on emotional and social functioning. The rationale and scoring procedures for the AAI are explained.

Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Outcome Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

243. Grant, M. (2009). Change your brain, change your pain: Based on EMDR. Wyong, NSW: Wyong Medical Centre.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Chronic physical or emotional pain is one of the most overwhelming problems we ever have to face. It often fails to respond to normally effective treatments such as medication and counselling. Time doesn't heal some wounds, and sufferers are faced with a desperate need for solutions. One of the most exciting developments in treating pain is increased understanding of the brain's role in pain, based on new brain-scanning technology. Scientists have also discovered that the brain is malleable and capable of being changed throughout the lifespan. This enlightening and practical book explains how physical and emotional pain are stored in the brain, and what causes pain to persist after the injury or trauma that initially triggered it. The book describes five core sensory-emotional skills for reversing the brain activity that maintains pain. These are brought to life through over 20 brain-smart activities designed to neutralize the sensoryemotional reactions that maintain pain. Benefits include learning: how to understand and benefit from your emotions, even negative ones; how to cope with the effects of physical injury with less distress; how to reduce painful feelings and sensations without really trying; how to change negative emotional patterns; how to feel better about yourself; how to conquer stress; how to protect yourself against future episodes of pain; sleep better - naturally; and much more! Includes brain stimulation CD.

Keywords: Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

244. Inoue, N., Nawa, J., Katoh, T., & Shirakawa, M. (2010, July). Changes in personality functioning over the course of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing trauma therapy: Findings on the early changes. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: Although eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is said not only to reduce trauma-related symptoms but also to enhance ability to function in life, its effectiveness in other than reducing trauma-related symptoms has yet to be verified. The objective of this study was to explore the broad range of effectiveness of EMDR, especially changes in the personality functioning during the early phase of treatment. Methods: Using the non-randomized design, we assessed and compared the treatment changes in subjects treated with EMDR and subjects who participated in the psycho-education course of trauma. Eligible subjects were adult women who experienced human-caused trauma such as domestic violence, rape, or childhood abuse. The Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) was used as the first outcome measure to evaluate personality functioning, and self-report questionnaires and a clinical interview for trauma-related symptoms were used as the secondary outcome measures. Subjects of both groups were assessed at the time of enrollment in the study and 4 months after the enrollment. We completed the evaluation of 5 and 6 subjects in the EMDR and the control group, respectively. Results: The CS index for self-esteem and self-concern was improved in the EMDR sample compared with the controls. Women treated with EMDR showed increased openness to internal and external stimuli (assessed by CS F%), whereas some women in the control group even developed a tendency to avoid internal and external stimuli after 4 months. Conclusion: The differences of early changes in personality functioning between the EMDR group and the controls will be discussed in detail.

Keywords: Changes in Personality Functioning Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

245. Oh, D., & Choi, J. (2004). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after EMDR: A SPECT study of two cases. Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry, 11(2), 173-180.

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Over the last decade, EMDR(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. Authors report SPECT findings of two patients of PTSD before and after EMDR.Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT was performed before and after EMDR treatment. To evaluate the significance of changes in the regional cerebral perfusion, t-test was conducted on the resulting images using SPM99 . In addition, clinical scales(CAPS, CGI, STAI) were employed to asses the changes in the clinical symptoms of the patients. After EMDR treatment, each showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms. The cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences in the cerebral perfusion between patients after treatment and normal controls decreased. These changes appeared mainly in the limbic area the and the prefrontal cortex.These results suggest that EMDR may show the therapeutic effect through 1) improvement in the emotional control by increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, 2) inhibited hyperstimuli on amygdala by deactivation of the association cortex, 3) inhibition on past trauma related memory, and 4) keeping the functional balance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. This case report needs further replication from studies with larger sample. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brain Imagining Adults Females Koreans Motor Vehicle Accidents Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD: Rape SPECT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

246. Oh, D. H., & Choi, J. (2007). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A SPECT study of two cases. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 24-30. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.24.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. This study reports changes in the resting regional cerebral blood flow after successful EMDR treatment in 2 patients with PTSD. Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT (Technetium 99m-ethyl cysteinate dimmer-single photon emission computerized tomography) was performed before and after EMDR, and, in addition, a pre- and posttreatment comparison was made with 10 non-PTSD participants as a control group. After EMDR, cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences between participants and normal controls also decreased. Changes appeared mainly in the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. These results are in line with current understanding of neurobiology of PTSD. EMDR treatment appears to reverse the functional imbalance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Brain Imaging Females Koreans Motor Traffic Accidents Neuroimaging Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD Rape RCBF Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

247. Oh, D. H., & Choi, J. (2004, October). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion assessed with 99mTc-ECD-SPECT after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment. Poster spresented at the annual meeting Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, Seoul, Korea.

Language: Korean

Format: Conference

Keywords: Poster Regional Cerebral Perfusion SPECT

Accuracy Verified: Yes

248. Wesselmann, D. (2013, April). Changing the lives of children with reactive attachment disorder behaviors through EMDR treatment. Keynote presented at the Congress EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many children exhibit severe and challenging behaviors such as aggressive outbursts, arguing and defiance, lying, stealing, and sexualized behaviors due to very early life relational trauma. EMDR Integrative Team Treatment involves family therapy and EMDR. With intervention from family therapy and EMDR Attachment Resource Development, parents can provide better emotional support, allowing their children to open up emotionally. As the EMDR therapist implements therapeutic attunement, storytelling, empowerment interweaves, and role-plays, hurt children can find healing and hope. Videos will supplement this presentation.

Keywords: Children Reactive Attachment Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

249. Flint, G. (1994). A chaos model of the brain applied to EMDR. Psychoscience, 1(2), 119-130.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment phenomena that has yet to be adequately explained. This is a procedure that usually obtains rapid cognitive and/or perceptual changes of remembered trauma. A chaos model of the process of the olfactory system was extrapolated to a theory for the whole brain process. The interesting results provided an explanation of EMDR and other treatment phenomena. The key elements of the theory are that experience changes behavior, small stimuli evoke massive responses and change takes place in active body experience. Case studies are presented that demonstrate the application of the theory.

Keywords: Chaos Model

Accuracy Verified: Yes

250. Peck S., et al (2007, March 9). Chief petty officer guilty of raping colleague. United Kingdom: Telegraph.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
It was only two months later, after she underwent a controversial psychotherapy technique called Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), that she was able to remember details of the sexual assault.

Keywords: General London Overview Rape

Accuracy Verified: Yes

251. Litt, B. (2007). The child as identified patient: Integrating contextual therapy and EMDR. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 306-324). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
It is estimated that as many as 2% of children under age 12 and from 5% to 18% of adolescents suffer from a depressive disorder (Birmaher et al., 1996; Northey, Wells, Silverman, & Bailey, 2003) that will likely persist into adulthood (Northey et al., 2003; Wagner & Ambrosini, 2001). Contextual Therapy is a differentiation-based (e.g., Kerr & Bowen, 1988; Schnarch, 1991) approach in that it promotes self-determination in the face of family pressure for compliance, reliance on internal resources for self-validation rather than dependence on others for approval, and the overcoming of emotional discomfort in the interests of responsible action (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986). Both the contextual approach and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model predict that formative childhood experiences affect both psychological health and relational functioning. With its systemic paradigm and its ethical dimension of relationship, the contextual approach is complementary and additive to Shapiro's (2001) AIP model. The contextual approach shows the clinician where to look for the targets, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) provides the potency to transform the experience. A general structure of phase-oriented therapy can be described that accounts for most, if not all, referrals for treatment. An assessment phase, a contracting phase, and an intervention phase characterize the main tasks of the therapist. In practice, these phases may overlap, coincide, or repeat themselves over the course of minutes, weeks, or months. This chapter describes only those practices that are unique to the integrated approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Affective Disorders Child Patients Contextual Therapy Depressive Disorder Integrated Approach Integrative Psychotherapy Major Depression Models

Accuracy Verified: Yes

252. BBC. (2012, April 1). Childhood abuse victims given light therapy. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-17893954 on 5/1/2012.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
NHS [Ms] Forth Valley's head of behavioural psychotherapy, Therese McGoldrick, said victims of childhood sexual, physical and emotional abuse often found it difficult to speak about what they had suffered. [Excerpt]

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

253. Monahan, K., & Forgash, C. (2012, March). Childhood sexual abuse and adult physical and dental health outcomes. In E. A. Kalfoğlu & R. Faikoglu (Eds.), Sexual Abuse - Breaking the Silence (pp. 137-152). Intechopen.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Along the same lines, evidence-based assessment and interventions must be in line with the finding of how significant the subjective impressions of sexual assault are for incarcerated older adults in treatment. A promising intervention that is being piloted in the criminal justice system with younger age groups is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR specifically targets change in subjective units of distress among trauma survivors, particularly sexual abuse survivors, which in turn reduces post traumatic stress symptoms (Kitchiner, 2000). Moreover, previous research with incarcerated juvenile offenders shows that EMDR can work in reducing post traumatic stress reactivity resulting in less violent behavior and conduct problems among samples. Its utility for older adults, especially those with histories of sexual assault victimization and perpetration is perhaps a promising intervention. The use of evidence-based practices suggests that untreated trauma and grief are related to increased adult recidivism rates (Leach et al., 2008). Therefore, treating psychological distress and untreated symptoms effectively, which involves both screening and treatment that captures subjective experiences, may help to break the cycle of recidivism and in some case sexual offending. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Dental Health Physical Health

Accuracy Verified: Yes

254. Klaff, F. (2007). Children of divorce. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 284-305). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Much attention has been devoted to examining whether divorce negatively impacts children's psychological adjustment, or whether divorce is now so prevalent that it can be considered a normative transitional event (Kaslow, 1981). Divorce brings many structural and functional changes. These include the logistic and emotional complications of a nonresidential parent, financial disequilibrium, and two systems with differing rules and expectations. Additionally, there are new subsystem components, such as parental figures, step- and half-siblings, and extended families with a potentially motley cast of new characters and different environments impacting the system. What constitutes "family" for children of divorce is often quite different from what is traditionally viewed as the nuclear family. This chapter discusses divorce effects on childhood adjustment; family systems-based treatment of divorce; adaptive information processing model applied to divorce issues; and the therapy process--integrative family therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Two case examples are presented, followed by a concluding discussion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Adjustment Children of Divorce Divorce Emotional Adjustment Family Family Systems Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Integrative Family Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Models Therapy Process

Accuracy Verified: Yes

255. Greenwald, R. (1997). Children's mental health care in the 21st century: Eliminating the trauma burden. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry On-Line.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Contemporary child mental health care is compared unfavorably to its medical counterpart, which offers prevention and early intervention in addition to treatment of symptoms. Child trauma, broadly defined., is characterized as a ubiquitous, under-treated, primary source of psychopathology. Traumatic experiences which remain unintegrated accumulate as a trauma burden, leading to reactivity and impairment. Two recently developed trauma-focused interventions atre described: critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Combined with screening and early identification of traumatized children, CISD and EMDR can be used economically for widespread elimination of the trauma burden.

Keywords: Children Mental Health Care Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

256. CIGNA HealthCare (2008, June 15). Cigna Healthcare Coverage Position: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Revised June 15, 2008, .

Language: English

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Systematic reviews: Van Etten et al. (1998) conducted a meta-analysis of the literature regarding treatments for PTSD. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of various treatments for PTSD. A total of 41 studies were included, that yielded sixty-one treatment outcome trials. Eleven studies were included that examined EMDR. The authors report that behavior therapy and EMDR were the most effective psychological therapies for PTSD, with the two being generally equally efficacious. The review noted that behavior therapy was significantly more effective than all treatments, on observer-rated total PTSD symptoms and no differences in comparative treatment efficacy were discernable between behavior therapy and EMDR across the specific symptom domains of PTSD. It was noted that effect sizes for these therapies were large relative to control conditions, indicating good treatment acceptance. It was also noted, however, that “despite its apparent efficacy, what works in EMDR and the mechanism for how it works remains unclear. That is, we know little about the active ingredients in EMDR and the mechanisms by which these ingredients result in decreased PTSD symptoms.” The literature is not conclusive regarding the role of eye-movement in this treatment.

Keywords: Practice Guidelines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

257. Knipe, J. (2008, June). The CIPOS method -- procedures to therapeutically reduce dissociative processes while preserving emotional safety. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
It is well documented (Maxfield and Hyer, 2002) that the 8-phase EMDR model is highly effective for clients who are troubled by disturbing memories. However, clients who are dissociative often have great difficulty in maintaining present orientation and the "dual attention" that is a necessary condition for processing. Dissociative clients are highly vulnerable, during the EMDR Preparation, Assessment and Dissociation Phases, to becoming disoriented and overwhelmed by the surprising intrusion of dissociated parts that bring intensely disturbing images and other information. Since, with these clients, there is a greater risk of non-therapeutic dissociative abreaction, it is very important to counter this risk with an increased emphasis on safety and containment of affect. In this presentation, I will describe two procedures that can be helpful in making the healing power of EMDR available to clients who have this kind of vulnerability. One is the BHS (Back of the Head Scale), a procedure that can be useful in assessing a client’s moment-to-moment level of dissociation during a traumafocused EMDR session. The other is the CIPOS (Constant Installation of Positive Orientation and Safety) procedure, which is a method of slowing down processing, and carefully containing and controlling the emergence of potentially overwhelming post-traumatic material. These methods will be illustrated with video segments of a therapy session.

Keywords: Back-of-the-Head Scale BHS CIPOS Method Contant Installation of Present Orientation and Safety Emotional Safety Psycholgical Defenses Targeting

Accuracy Verified: Yes

258. Cramer, J. D. (1997, November 28). City police to help test new therapy for stress: Eye movements key to technique. Colorado Springs, CO: The Gazette, City/Sate, 1 [2 pages].

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Simply put, that's the question Colorado Springs police will try to answer in a study of a controversial psychoanalysis technique called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

Keywords: Colorado Springs Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

259. The Australian Psychological Society (2010, August). Clarification of evidence base for eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). InPsych, the Bulletin of the Australian Psychological Society .

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In the June edition of InPsych, an article summarising a recent APS review of evidence-based psychological interventions for mental health disorders did not sufficiently highlight the high level of evidence for the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In particular, a summary table of psychological interventions with the highest level of research evidence (according to National Health and Medical Research Council criteria) should have prominently presented EMDR for the treatment of PTSD in the body of the table. As EMDR had not been systematically included in the review of psychological interventions, a footnote to the table stated the high level of efficacy of EMDR for PTSD. This oversight has been corrected in the online version of the InPsych article (www.psychology.org.au/publications/inpsych/2010/june/murphy/#s3) and a summary of the research evidence for EMDR from 19 randomised controlled trials will be included in a revision of the full evidence-based psychological interventions review document.

Keywords: Evidence Base

Accuracy Verified: No

260. Bednar, J. (2010, March 29). Clearing the block: Eye-movement technique helps patients overcome psychological traumas. BusinessWestnline, 26(24), 51-54.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The engineer was recalling all this as he began a behavioral-health technique known as eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), which helps victims of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other types of psychological trauma to overcome the mental burden of disturbing events.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

261. Chilson, M. (2002, March 4). Client can direct treatment, define goals. Topeka, KS: Topeka Capital-Journal, B1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
A volunetter network of therapists trained in post-traumatic stress disorder is providing free treatment programs for people affected by the World Trade Center terrorist attack. The clinicians are trained in a technique called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) that is proven to help the stress disorder, and the free service is part of the nonprofit Disaster Mental Health Recovery Network. The Mental Health Association of Suffolk County will provide names of EMDR specialists participating in the program. For information call the association at 631-226-3900, or 917-626-9117 for clinicians in the five boroughs. The Nassau County Mental Health Association also has social workers trained to deal with people contemplating suicide. The help line is 516-504-HELP.

Keywords: General Overview Topeka

Accuracy Verified: Yes

262. Powers, M. (1997, January 27). Clients swear by post-trauma therapy, but experts divided. Memphis, TN: The Commercial Appeal, A1.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Enter eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a decade-old therapeutic technique that sounds ridiculously simple.

Keywords: General Memphis Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

263. Call, E., Lipke, H., & Errebo, N. (1998, March). Clinical applications of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Presentation at Psychological Trauma: Maturational Processes and Therapeutic Interventions, Conference sponsored by Boston University Medical School, The Trauma Center, and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Clinical Applications Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

264. Opdyke, D. C. (1995, May). Clinical efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Georgia State University. AAT 9608510.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has gained notoriety as a brief treatment for PTSD. In EMDR, clients repeatedly bring up traumatic events in memory and visually track stimuli moving back and forth in front of them. Previous group studies of EMDR have had methodological problems, however. The present study attempted to (1) assess EMDR's effectiveness compared to an Eye Focus treatment controlling for eye movement; (2) compare both treatments to a wait-list control; and (3) rate therapist characteristics to check experimenter bias.20 participants suffering from PTSD were randomly assigned to either EMDR or Eye Focus (EF) treatments, and immediate treatment or wait-list conditions. After two 90-minute treatment sessions, outcomes were assessed on subjective measures of anxiety (SUDs) and cognitive beliefs (VOCs). The mean SUDs pre-post differences on matched pairs t-tests indicated significant reduction of disturbance for both the EMDR group, p < .001, and the Eye Focus group, p < .001. VOC ratings showed similar treatment gains. Two-factor analyses assessed changes across groups (2 administrations x 2 treatment groups) on two standardized measures, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale (MPSS). The IES showed a main effect for treatment F (2, 18) = 16.45, p < .001, while wait-list remained unchanged F (2, 18) = 1.09, p > .05. A significant interaction F (2, 18) = 6.69, p < .05 supported treatment efficacy. EMDR and EF participants improved equally on the IES, i.e., no differences for type of treatment, F (2, 18) = 0.54, p > .05. The MPSS also showed a main effect for treatment, F (2, 18) = 6.46, p < .05, with wait-list unchanged, F (2, 18) = 0.27, p > .05. This interaction was not significant, p =.10. Further, both EMDR and EF groups demonstrated improvement on the MPSS. Results suggest that (1) EMDR and Eye Focus are both effective in reducing some self-reported PTSD symptoms; (2) EMDR and Eye Focus scores improved significantly compared to wait-list; and (3) ratings of experimenter bias suggested that the EMDR and Eye Focus participants were treated equally by the therapist. Future comparison studies should use larger samples, independent assessors, and equally-trained independent therapists. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(11-B), May 1996, pp. 6402

Keywords: Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

265. EMDR Professional Issue Committee (EPIC) (1991). Clinical exchange - Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Response and review. EMDR Institute, Pacific Grove, CA.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
We are writing in response to a commentary published in the Clinical Exchange column in the August, 1991. In particular, we are concerned about how the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure was presented. In order to provide a balanced summary of the development, procedures, and current uses of EMDR, we are offering the following comments in order to clarify some of the confusion or misconceptions that may have arisen as a result of the aforementioned commentary.

Keywords: EMDR Professional Issue Committee EPIC Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

266. Maxfield, L. (2003). Clinical implications and recommendations arising from EMDR research findings. Journal of Trauma Practice, 2(1), 61-81. doi:10.1300/J189v02n01_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment approach found to be efficacious for trauma-related disorders. This article provides an overview of the EMDR treatment process and briefly describes treatment components. It reviews the current research investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD and research investigating the role of eye movements. The practical clinical implications arising from the findings are discussed. These include factors related to treatment provision, such as treatment fidelity, length of treatment, homework, and the use of eye movements. Also highlighted are client-related factors such as population, type of trauma, multiple traumas, symptom severity, comorbid disorders, and complex PTSD. Where possible, recommendations are made for clinical practice and comparisons are made with other types of treatments. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Implications Compelx Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Stressors Survivors Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

267. Splete, H. (2005, January). Clinical Psychiatry news’ top stories of 2004: Development on antidepressant labeling, psychologist prescribing could affect the specialty. Clinical Psychiatry News, 33(1), 14.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Biologic and psychosocial treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder were equally effective in their first direct comparison ("Psychotherapy May Offer More Benefits for PTST," June 2004, p. 20). In addition, psychotherapy patients were more likely to remit or even become asymptomatic, according to the study of 88 adults randomized to fluoxetine, placebo, or an exposure therapy method known as eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR). Patients in the EMDR group ininally responded to the treatment with psychophysiologic arousal and appeared to relive the trauma. But they ultimately improved significantly more than did the placebo group and continued to improve at 2 and 6 months' follow-up, when the fluoxetine group remained stable.

Keywords: Efficacy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

268. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Santed, A., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro, F., & Amann, B. (2012, June). Clinical remission and functional modulation of the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient after EMDR psychotherapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Purpose of the study: Some patients with bipolar disorder do not show complete remission between episodes, but continue to exhibit subsyndromal mood symptoms [1]. One factor related may be comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has been found to be present in 16% to 39% of patients with bipolar disorder [2]. We describe the first case of an unstable bipolar II patient with history of various traumas that received Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy and also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after the EMDR treatment to explore its effect on the brain’s neural networks.

Keywords: Bipolar Disorder

Accuracy Verified: Yes

269. Grygo, M. (2008). A clinical trial of motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) therapy with conduct disordered adolescent boys. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada. AAT NR35998.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Conduct disorder and other disruptive behaviours represent the most common form of child and adolescent psychopathology referred for treatment by parents and teachers. A number of studies conducted in university research centers have demonstrated meaningful treatment gains especially with preadolescents with conduct disorder. However, studies conducted with older adolescents, especially those with comorbid disorders, as well as studies conducted in community-based clinic settings have been mostly unsuccessful. With a few exceptions, the extant treatments have not made any special effort to address effects of traumatic experiences that research has demonstrated to be very prevalent among conduct disordered children and adolescents. Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) therapy developed by Ricky Greenwald (2002a) has shown promising results in his open trial study. MASTR is a complex treatment approach which addresses several key areas crucial in treating adolescents with conduct disorder: development/enhancement of motivation for treatment, development/enhancement of anger management and problem solving skills, and treatment of past trauma effects. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of MASTR therapy with 10 adolescent boys with conduct disorder placed in a residential treatment facility. This study combined single subject and qualitative research methodologies to offer a detailed look into the implementation and evaluation of MASTR therapy in a residential treatment centre. Foremost, this study demonstrates the formidable problems of conducting treatment research with this population in this kind of setting. Results suggested that, when it can be sufficiently implemented, MASTR therapy may be an effective treatment method producing some meaningful changes in behaviour for some severely disturbed adolescents with conduct problem. The study also demonstrated that EMDR may be an effective treatment for reducing emotional distress associated with past trauma in adolescents with conduct disorder. Factors associated with the limited success of this treatment study are identified and discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 69(1-A), 2008, pp. 109.

Keywords: Adolescent Boys Clinical Trial Conduct Disorder Empirical Study MASTR Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution Therapy Quantitative Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

270. Dean, G. L., Fenstermaker, D., & Anderson, K. J. (1991, November). Clinical use of eye movement desensitization/reprocessing (EMD/R) in recall and reprocessing of traumatic material in MPD patients PTSD treatments grow in evidence, effectiveness. Presentation at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation Fall Conference, Chicago, IL and Monitor on Psychology, 39(1), 40-42.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: MPD Multiple Personality Disorder

Accuracy Verified: No

271. Grimmett, J. (2012). Clinician experiences with EMDR: Factors influencing attrition and retention. University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs. UMI 3517361.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study investigated factors contributing to clinician attrition from eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. The primary areas under investigation were factors contributing to attrition and retention, as well as the quest to obtain information pertaining to training experiences. A sample of 239 clinicians was purposefully obtained. Several patterns emerged within the data, highlighting the issues of attrition: Loyalty to other treatment modalities and discomfort with using EMDR, either through lack of confidence, inadequate training, or discomfort with client distress, were both correlated with clinician attrition. Treatment efficacy and ongoing consultation were remarkable for retention. Practice setting surfaced as statistically significant, and operating in private practice was positively correlated with greater participation in EMDR support activities. Additionally, the adequacy of the training format was presented, as well as how prepared the participants felt after completion of EMDR training. A number of findings were consistent with earlier studies and the converging results of loyalty to previous modalities and discomfort using EMDR gave rise to recommendations for future training and support of newly trained clinicians. The limitations of the current study were presented, in addition to directions for future research.

Keywords: Attrition Clinician Experiences Retention Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

272. Schwartz, D. A. (2003). Clinicians' and trainees' knowledge of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol. Argosy University, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: Trainees

Accuracy Verified: Yes

273. Sharpless, B. A., & Barber, J. P. (2011). A clinician’s guide to PTSD treatments for returning veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 8–15. doi:10.1037/a0022351.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
What options are available to mental health providers helping clients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? In this paper we review many of the current pharmacological and psychological interventions available to help prevent and treat PTSD with an emphasis on combat-related traumas and veteran populations. There is strong evidence supporting the use of several therapies including prolonged exposure (PE), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and cognitive processing therapies (CPT), with PE possessing the most empirical evidence in favor of its efficacy. There have been relatively fewer studies of nonexposure based modalities (e.g., psychodynamic, interpersonal, and dialectical behavior therapy perspectives), but there is no evidence that these treatments are less effective. Pharmacotherapy is promising (especially paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine), but more research comparing the relative merits of medication vs. psychotherapy and the efficacy of combined treatments is needed. Given the recent influx of combat-related traumas due to ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, there is clearly an urgent need to conduct more randomized clinical trials research and effectiveness studies in military and Department of Veterans Affairs PTSD samples. Finally, we provide references to a number of PTSD treatment manuals and propose several recommendations to help guide clinicians’ treatment selections.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Psychopharmacology PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

274. Allen, W. (2002). Coaching amateur athletes: From frozen to fearless. In L. Grodzki (Ed.), The new private practice: Therapist-coaches share stories, strategies, and advice (pp. 178-191). New York: W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter presents a case study in which the coach, who works with amateur athletes, addresses the fear of an amateur horseback rider who broke her arm horseback riding but wanted to continue the sport. The author describes how she set the goals of addressing and diffusing the upsetting mindset; installing a cognitive-behavioral link to support new skill integration and application; and looking at the client's riding through the lens of an amateur but competitive athlete to see how she could best make certain training decisions. She discusses her tools and techniques, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), neurolinguistic programming, shamanic healing, and Buddhist meditation, and presents an extract from her first EMDR session with her silent thinking about the process as it unfolded. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).

Keywords: Athletic Performance Buddhism Buddhist Meditation Coaches Coaching Amateur Athletes Emotional Trauma Fear Goals Horses Neurolinguistic Programming NLP Professional Development Shamanic Healing Shamanism Therapists

Accuracy Verified: Yes

275. Gardner, J. R. (2004, June). Cognitive behavior technique: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, 1st edition. Unknown.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a controversial technique reported to relieve traumatic memories, phobias, and a wide variety of psychological problems. This paper explains the EMDR procedure, and discusses research that supports and refutes its efficacy.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

276. Lakey, J. (2007, February). Cognitive behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A comparative analysis for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. St. Gregory’s University: Shawnee, OK.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is the primary mental health issue resulting in tours of duty in combat operations. The soldiers returning home from these operations often require treatment in dealing with many of their physical and emotional changes. The therapist who treats these brave men and women needs to understand the treatment methods available for the successful recovery of their clients. After identifying the terms necessary to understand the principles and the historical and etiological background of the disorder and the treatments available, this paper will illuminate several treatment modalities and their success rates in the treatment of PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing will be the primary focus of comparison through out this work.

Keywords: Comparative Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

277. Ho, M. S. K., & Lee, C. W. (2012). Cognitive behaviour therapy versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for post-traumatic disorder: Is it all in the homework then?. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 253-260. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.08.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introduction: Treatment of choice for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is either eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) or trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (TFCBT). Objective: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to determine whether there are any differences between these two treatments with respect to efficacy and efficiency in treating PTSD. Method: We performed a comprehensive literature search using several electronic search engines as well as manual searches of other review papers. Eight original studies involving 227 participants were identified in this manner. Results: There were no differences between EMDR and TFCBT on measures of PTSD. However, there was a significant advantage for EMDR over TFCBT in reducing depression (Hedge's g = 0.63). The analysis also indicated a difference in the prescribed homework between the treatments. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between hours of homework and gains in depression and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: These findings are discussed in terms of efficacy and cost-effectiveness and the use of homework in therapy.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

278. Cusack, K. J., & Spates, C. R. (1999, January-April). The cognitive dismantling of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A case report. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 87-99. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00041-3 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Twenty-seven subjects were exposed to standard Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or a similar treatment without the explicit cognitive elements found in EMDR. Standardized psychometric assessments were administered (Structured Interview for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Impact of Event Scale, Revised Symptom Checklist-90) by independent assessors at pretest, posttest and two separate follow-up periods. Potential subjects met specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Subjective measures including Subjective Units of Disturbance and Validity of Cognition assessments were also conducted. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that both treatments produced significant symptom reductions and were comparable on all dependent measures across assessment phases. The present findings are discussed in light of previous dismantling research that converges to suggest that several elements in the EMDR protocol may be superfluous in terms of the contribution to treatment outcome. These same elements have nevertheless entered unparsimoniously into consideration as possible explanatory variables (ScienceDirect).

Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

279. Oglesby, C., Foster, S., Sime, W., North, T. C., & Lendl, J. (1999). Collaborative partnerships in sport psychology applications of EMDR: High performance and trauma recovery. Symposium conducted at the annual conference of the Association of the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clinicians who have grown to accept and support Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) have begun to diversify the types of trauma populations in which EMDR is applied. Psychology of injury researchers have suggested, on the basis of their work, that an exciting new direction in sport psychology is the implementation and testing of new interventions aimed at modifying risk factors for athletes. It has also been suggested that extant models of athletic injury may reasonably be re-interpreted to account for other traumatic stressors, additional to injury, in sport. EMDR may reduce stress and trauma reactions in sport participants. EMDR, however, has been developed as a clinical tool and there are limitations on entrance to training in the approach. There are myriad ways, however, in which valuable partnerships may be formed, among psychologists, sport psychologists, and educational sport psychology consultants to use EMDR on behalf of clients. This symposium, within its five sections, will report on many such collaborations. The following are the objectives of the session: (a) provide a brief overview of the research and theory base for EMDR and its use in performance work; (b) describe case reports of successful partnerships among EMDR-trained sport psychologists and variably trained professionals from sport performance.

Keywords: Performance Enhancement Sports Psychology Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

280. Grandison, P. (2007). A combined approach: Using EMDR within a framework of solution focused brief therapy. Educational and Child Psychology, 24(1), 56-64.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper reports on a qualitative, exploratory study that creatively combined two therapeutic approaches: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) and solution focused brief therapy. It was expected that the use of techniques drawn from solution focused brief therapy could help children to facilitate and enhance the use of techniques within EMDR. In particular, techniques focusing on current and future positive resource installation were utilised. Five primary school children age 9 to 11 years were identified by class teachers and parents as presenting as shy, anxious and lacking self-confidence. The group intervention took place in school over six sessions. Within the group setting, the children targeted their own individual area that they wished to improve. Data were collected during and after each session and post-intervention. Increases in children’s self confidence and an improvement in targeted areas were reported by children, parents and teachers. Children found the intervention helpful and were able to identify particular aspects of solution focused brief therapy and EMDR that were useful.

Keywords: Anxiety Brief Psychotherapy Children's Techniques Educational Psychology Empirical Study Group Intervention Group Psychotherapy Primary School Children Problem Solving Psychotherapeutic Techniques Qualitative Study Self-Confidence Shyness Solution Focused Brief Therapy Timidity

Accuracy Verified: Yes

281. Barfoot, K. M., Casey, M. C., & Callaway, A. J. (2012, July). Combined EEG and eye-tracking in sports skills training and performance analysis. Presentation at the World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport IX, University of Wooster.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The use of mobile EEG brainwave monitoring and eye-tracking recorded synchronously during the training of sports skills offers significant opportunities but creates challenges. Opportunities: ¨ Measuring neurocognitive activity and visual focus in real time which can be used to provide immediate feedback to the coach, in ‘real world’ settings, for optimising training protocols for the individual athlete. ¨ Use of sound output (‘sonification’) in proportion to EEG regions of interest as a neurofeedback mechanism for athlete self-training. ¨ Application of visualisation protocols and ‘EEG-driven’ PC games where game feedback based on state of mind is used to optimise mental state prior to performance. ¨ Examining the relationship between eye movement and neuro activity (e.g. saccades and gamma waves) and in athlete coaching interventions such as sports visual scanning strategies, Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, focussed relaxation, etc. Challenges: ¨ The recording of EEG during gross motor behaviour is subject to non-brain artefacts in the raw (time-domain) EEG, due to the much larger (than EEG) electrical voltages arising from muscle and eye movements. Practical approaches and signal processing (frequency domain spectrum) techniques to address these problems will be discussed. ¨ The synchronisation of data recorded on different types of equipment (e.g. EEG, eyetracker, video, sound, EMG, etc.) with different ‘clocks’ and diverse data formats is difficult – both in terms of time-stamping the original recordings across all the systems and playing them back synchronously for subsequent performance analysis. Progress on creating real-time data export methods which allow synchronous data recording and playback will be reported. Examples of studies carried out in archery, golf, motorsport, football and skiing will be discussed, with a focus on archery where: ¨ Measurements were taken from intermediate, county level, near elite and elite archers. ¨ Archery was chosen to demonstrate the real-time and in-situ quantification of neural activity compared with target-based measures of performance that archery provides, over a range of time-spans and skills. ¨ Results demonstrate that there are significant and measurable changes in EEG patterns during a shot with evidence suggesting that the patterns vary as a function of skill level, but not simply as a function of score. Significance of each of these studies for goal-directed learning and performance enhancement are discussed.

Keywords: EEG Eye Tracking Performance Analysis Sports Skills

Accuracy Verified: Yes

282. Young, J., Zangwill, W. M., & Behary, W. E. (2002). Combining EMDR and schema-focused therapy: The whole may be greater than the sum of the parts. In F. Shapiro (Ed.). EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 181-208). Washington: American Psychological Association. vii, 444 pp.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract: E
motional processing occurs through specific circuitry and structures in the brain. Unfortunately, much of clinical psychology has neither understood nor sufficiently integrated the treatment implications of this area of research. However, some practitioners have recognized the need for more integrative models of psychotherapy. Two of the best models are Young's Schema-Focused Therapy (SFT) and Shapiro's Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Although these two approaches arose from different clinical experiences and theoretical backgrounds, they are similar in that they recognize the importance of all the ways in which people process information -- affectively, physiologically, through the senses, and cognitively. Each model can be tremendously beneficial to clinicians and their clients. Combining aspects of each often yields better results than using either one alone. Thus, this chapter first includes a description of Young's model and then an illustration of the way EMDR clinicians can enhance SFT by using the powerful information-processing aspects of EMDR. Last is a brief discussion of the ways SFT can also be valuable to EMDR clinicians. [Adapted from Text, pp. 181-182][Pilots]

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Psychotherapeutic Processes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

283. Hartung, J. G., & Galvin, M. D. (2002). Combining eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and energy therapies. In F. P. Gallo (Ed.), Energy psychology in psychotherapy: A comprehensive sourcebook (1st ed) (pp. 179-197) NewYork: W. W. Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract: Observing that there has been a rapid increase in the number of practitioners trained in both eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the energy psychotherapies, the authors describe ways to combine these modalities to increase their effectiveness. Topics include correcting psychological reversals prior to initiating and during EMDR; muscle testing with EMDR; EMDR along with energy therapies to limit the severity and disruption of abreaction, dissociation, "looping," and blocking beliefs; treatment of addiction; using one method to further client receptivity to use of the other; self-use of EMDR and the energy techniques; and, among others, energy training for paraprofessional crisis teams for use in residential programs with EMDR clients. [Adapted from Introduction]

Keywords: Energy Psychotherapy Latin Americans Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors TFT Thought Field Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

284. Capps, F. (2006, January). Combining eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with Gestalt techniques in couples counseling. Family Journal, 14(1), 49-58. doi:10.1177/1066480705282055.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is gaining acceptance as efficacious treatment for PTSD for individuals but not for couples. This article reports three case studies of couples in which EMDR is combined with Gestalt therapy in a single session to resolve relational trauma effects, increase empathy and awareness in the supportive partner, and deepen intimacy within the couple. Case studies are described, and implications for research and clinical applications are discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Couples Therapy Family Therapy Gestalt Therapy Nonclinical Case Study Qualitative Study Perpetrators Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Spouse Abuse Survivors Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

285. Lipke, H. (2012). Comment on Dunne and Farrell (2011). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 82. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.82.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
I was quite pleased to see Dunne and Farrell (2011) intelligently and usefully address clinician experience incorporating eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) into practice. I was also pleased that they could find some use for the data I accumulated in 1992 from the 443 responders to the questionnaires sent to the first 1,295 EMDR Institute trainees for whom I was able to obtain current addresses (Lipke, 1995). Dunne and Farrell (2011). {Excerpt]

Keywords: Letter

Accuracy Verified: Yes

286. van Ommeren, M. (1996, October). Comment on Greenwald (1996): The assessment of fidelity to the EMDR treatment protocol. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 27(5), 529. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.27.5.529.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Comments on R. Greenwald's (see record 83-27577) article in which he argues that fidelity to the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol is the critical factor that determines whether a treatment outcome study will show that EMDR is effective. M. Van Ommeren recommends the formation of a panel that can make assessments as to whether or not the treatments used in EMDR outcome studies have fidelity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Letter Methodology Professional Criticism Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

287. Wolpe, J. (1992). Commentary on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method: Eye movement desensitization of post-traumatic stress syndrome. The Milton H. Erickson Foundation Newsletter, 12(2), 6.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Commentary Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

288. Wolpe, J. (1992). Commentary on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method: Commentary on statements by Johnson and Shapiro. The Milton H. Erickson Foundation Newsletter, 12(2), 7.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Commentary Johnson Letter Shapiro

Accuracy Verified: Yes

289. Johnson, L. (1992). Commentary on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method: Response by Dr. Johnson. The Milton H. Erickson Foundation Newsletter, 12(2), 7.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Letter

Accuracy Verified: Yes

290. Shapiro, F. (1992). Commentary on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method: Response to Johnson’s review. The Milton H. Erickson Foundation Newsletter, 12(2), 6-7.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Letter

Accuracy Verified: Yes

291. Lipke, H. (1997, November-December). Commentary on the Bates et al. report on eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11(6), 599-602. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(97)00044-3.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In their 1996 paper, Bates, McGlynn, Montgomery, and Mattke were critical of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an effective method of behavior therapy. The present commentary challenges the Bates et al. review of the literature, and the implementation of EMDR used in reaching their conclusions. Evidence is offered to support the clinical use of EMDR.

Keywords: Commentary Female Spider Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

292. Morgan, T. (2008, August 27-September 2). Communicating culture. Boise Weekly, 17(9), 11-15.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
There's a technique called EMDR-Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing. It's a simple technique that activates both sides of the brain," [Leslye Boban] explained. The technique has patients focus on their trauma while an external stimulus, like tapping, is applied to the head. "We're combining it with art therapy to help them release traumas without actually having to talk about the trauma. We're working with a counseling group to also do the same technique with the parents, because you can't work with the kids and open them up like that and go home to a chaotic, unstable environment."[Alt-Press Watch]

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

293. Cook, J. M., Biyanova, T., & Coyne, J. C. (2009, October). Comparative case study of diffusion of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in two clinical settings: Empirically supported treatment status is not enough. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 518-524. doi:10.1037/a0015144.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
An in-depth comparative case study was conducted of two attempts at diffusion of an empirically supported, but controversial, psychotherapy: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). One Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) treatment setting in which there was substantial uptake was compared with a second VA setting in which it was not adopted. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 mental health clinicians at the first site, and 19 at the second. Critical selling points for EMDR were a highly regarded champion, the observability of effects with patients, and personally experiencing its effects during a role training session. Compatibility with existing psychotherapist practices and values further allowed the therapy to become embedded in the organizational culture. At the second site, a sense that EMDR was not theoretically coherent or compelling overwhelmed other considerations, including its empirical status. Comparative studies contrasting settings in which innovative therapies are implemented versus those in which they were rejected may aid in refining theories of and strategies for dissemination.

Keywords: Diffusion Evidence-Supported Treatment Marketing Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

294. Hogan, W. A. (2001, August). The comparative effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of depression. Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN. AAT 3004753.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a unique, short-term therapy shown to be effective in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Application of EMDR to the treatment of depression was considered based upon the relationship between negative life experience and symptom onset, a pattern common to both PTSD and depression. Evaluation of the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of depression was accomplished via a comparison with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Because EMDR has been shown to be effective in the treatment of PTSD, the impact of EMDR and CBT upon symptoms comorbid to depression was investigated. EMDR was also compared to CBT assessing the participants' satisfaction. The participants, 15 per treatment group, received either one session of EMDR or cognitive behavioral therapy within the first four sessions. Pre and posttreatment assessment utilized two standardized instruments evaluating self-report of depressive and global symptoms. Participant satisfaction was assessed using a rating scale at posttreatment. Both treatment groups reported significant reductions in depressive symptoms and global symptoms. There were no statistical differences between groups on the symptom measures at posttreatment. Four participants in the EMDR group reported near complete remission of depressive symptoms and large reductions in global symptoms. No participants in the CBT group exhibited this pattern of symptom reduction. Regarding participant satisfaction, participants perceived EMDR to be less negative than CBT primarily due to the increased awareness of negative thoughts common to cognitive behavioral therapy but not experienced in EMDR treatment. The similarity in symptom reduction reported for both groups suggested the undue influence of non-specific treatment effects. The marked remission of symptoms reported by the four participants in the EMDR group parallels the symptom reductions noted in EMDR studies of PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 62(2-B), Aug 2001, pp. 1082.

Keywords: Comorbidity CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Empirical Study Major Depression Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

295. van Etten, M. L., & Taylor, S. (1998). Comparative efficacy of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5(3), 126-144. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199809).

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A meta-analysis was conducted on 61 treatment outcome trials for PTSD. Conditions included drug therapies (TCAs, carbamazepine, MAOIs, SSRIs, and BDZs), psychological therapies (behaviour therapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), relaxation training, hypnotherapy, and dynamic therapy), and control conditions (pill placebo, wait-list controls, supportive psychotherapies, and non-saccade EMDR control). Psychological therapies had significantly lower drop-out rates than pharmacotherapies (14% versus 32%), with attrition being uniformly low across all psychological therapies. In terms of symptom reduction, psychological therapies were more effective than drug therapies, and both were more effective than controls. Among the drug therapies, the SSRIs and carbamazepine had the greatest effect sizes, although the latter was based upon a single trial. Among the psychological therapies, behaviour therapy and EMDR were most effective, and generally equally so. The most effective psychological therapies and drug therapies were generally equally effective. Differences across treatment conditions were generally evident across symptom domains, with little matching of symptom domain to treatment type. However, SSRIs had some advantage over psychological therapies in treating depression. Follow-up results were not available for most treatments, but available data indicates that treatment effects for behaviour therapy and EMDR are maintained at 15-week follow-up. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Antimanic Drugs Benzodiazepine Derivatives Hypnotherapy Meta Analysis Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy PTSD Relaxation Therapy Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Treatment Effectiveness Tricyclic Derivatives

Accuracy Verified: Yes

296. Taylor, S., Thordarson, D., Maxfield, L., Fedoroff, I., Lovell, K., & Ogrodniczuk, J. (2003, April). Comparative efficacy, speed, and adverse effects of three PTSD treatments: Exposure therapy, EMDR, and relaxation training. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 330-338. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.2.330.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The authors examined the efficacy, speed, and incidence of symptom worsening for 3 treatments of PTSD: prolonged exposure, relaxation training, or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; N = 60). Treatments did not differ in attrition, in the incidence of symptom worsening, or in their effects on numbing and hyperarousal symptoms. Compared with EMDR and relaxation training, exposure therapy (a) produced significantly larger reductions in avoidance and reexperiencing symptoms, (b) tended to be faster at reducing avoidance, and (c) tended to yield a greater proportion of participants who no longer met criteria for PTSD after treatment. EMDR and relaxation did not differ from one another in speed or efficacy (Pilots).

Keywords: Adults Empirical Study Exposure Therapy Negative Therapeutic Reaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Relaxation Therapy Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Witnesses

Accuracy Verified: Yes

297. Davidson, M. M., Potter, A. E., & Wesselmann, R. D. (2010, September/October). Comparing dialectical behavior therapy to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A phase-based trauma treatment pilot project. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Internation Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
• More effective methods to treat adults affected by childhood trauma, disturbed attachments, and adulthood intimate partner violence are critically needed. • Research utilizing Adult Attachment Interview (Hess, 1999) had found that when mothers hold unresolved memories of loss or childhood abuse, their children typically develop disorganized attachments and that when mothers are poorly or inconsistently responsive to their children’s cues, the children typically develop insecure attachments • A history of abuse by childhood attachment figures also increases the likelihood of becoming involved in domestic violence experiences in adulthood for both sexes (Gratz, 2009; Henderson et al, 2005) • Previous research has demonstrated that attachment experiences influence emotional functioning and vulnerability to emotion dysregulation (Critchheld et al, 2008). Numerous empirical works demonstrate the relationship between attachment style and aggression (e. g., Sockwaite et al, 2002; Henderson et al, 2005) • Emotion dysregulation and problems with impulse control and unstable relationships are common symptoms associated with childhood abuse by attachment figures (Fonagy, 1997; Bhipman et al, 2005) • Funding more effective treatment for problems in functioning related to childhood trauma and attachment issues is imperative. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are two approaches that have proven beneficial in treating individuals with borderline personality disorders and trauma, respectively, and thus, could prove beneficial as treatment modalities for childhood trauma and attachment problems • The current investigation is a pilot study aimed at evaluating a treatment protocol aimed at effectively assisting adults with a history of childhood abuse and/or intimate partner violence to regulate emotions, resolve childhood trauma, move toward a healthier and more secure attachment status, and reduce the risk of repeating the cycle of violence and child abuse. More specifically, this pilot project evaluated a phase-based trauma treatment program that included (a) a year-long, initial emotion regulation skills-training phases utilizing DBT and (b) a second phase of either 10 individual sessions of EMDR or 10 individual session focused on further DBT skills training

Keywords: DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

298. Khosropour, F., Ebrahiminejad, G. H., Salehi, M., & Farzad, V. (2012, April-May). Comparing the effectiveness of psychological debriefing, eye movement desensitization reprocessing, and imaginal exposure on treatment of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 19(2), 149-159 .

Language: Farsi (Iran)

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background & Aims: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered as one of the most prevalent disorder during the life time and can negatively influence the individual, family and social relationships of patients, so, prevention and treatment of this disorder is highly important. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), psychological debriefing (PD), and imaginal exposure (IE) are some treatment methods, but there is controversy about long effects of these treatments, especially among chronic patients. Method: In a semi experimental study, a total of 54 adult male patients, based on Davidson scale and psychiatric diagnostic, were randomly selected, and then were divided into 3 equal therapy groups. All participants were evaluated before, after and 3 months after the treatment. Data were analyzed through the repeated variance and Duncan post-hoc tests. Results: Psychological debriefing and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing were better than imaginal exposure in relief of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder signs and remaining the effectiveness in three months follow-up. Conclusion: It is concluded that all of the above methods are effective on chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and the efficacy of the therapeutic techniques would be still in force even after 3 months. Considering the importance of psychological interventions, it is necessary that such methods be taught to psychologists so that they can use them after traumatic accidents.

Keywords: Imaginal Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Debriefing PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

299. Seidler, G. H., & Wagner, F. E. (2006, November). Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Medicine, 36(11), 1515-1522. doi:10.1017/S0033291706007963.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are both widely used in the treatment of PTSD. There has, however, been debate regarding the advantages of one approach over the other. This study sought to determine whether there was any evidence that one treatment was superior to the other. Method: We performed a systematic review of the literature dating from 1989 to 2005 and identified 8 publications describing treatment outcomes of EMDR and CBT in active-active comparisons. 7 of these studies were investigated meta-analytically. Results: The superiority of one treatment over the other could not be demonstrated. Trauma-focused CBT and EMDR tend to be equally efficacious. Differences between the two forms of treatment are probably not of clinical significance. While the data indicate that moderator variables influence treatment efficacy, we argue that because of the small number of original studies, little benefit is to be gained from a closer examination of these variables. Further research is needed within the framework of randomized controlled trials. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in the treatment of PTSD, both therapy methods tend to be equally efficacious. We suggest that future research should not restrict its focus to the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of these therapy methods but should also attempt to establish which trauma patients are more likely to benefit from one method or the other. What remains unclear is the contribution of the eye movement component in EMDR to treatment outcome. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Cognitive Therapy Meta Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

300. Abyar Hosseini, A., Vaziry, S., & Lofti, F (2010, July). Comparison between combine EMDR and drug with drug only in reduction symptoms and severity of obsessive compulsive disorder. Poster presented at the 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology, Melbourne, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This study was a comparison between the effects of combine eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and drug, with drug only, in the reduction of symptoms and severity obsessive compulsive disorder. Thirty patients that were assessed as suffering OCD by a psychiatrist were divided in two groups randomly (experimental and control groups). All subjects have been tested by Maudsley obsessive compulsive inventory (MOCI) and Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS). The experimental group learned EMDR and across 8 weeks, when they experienced disturb thought, used EMDR without compulsive behavior. During the 8 weeks, the control group just used drugs. Results showed a significant reduction of symptoms and severity of OCD in both groups but in the experimental group, the reduction was more effective and significant. Thus, to conclude, although EMDR has been used for PTSD symptom reduction, the present study revealed that this technique is also effective for the reduction of symptoms and the severity of OCD.

Keywords: Drug Treatment Obsessive Compilsive Disorder OCD Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

301. Narimani, M., Ahari, S. S., & Rajabi, S. (2008). Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy therapeutic methods for reducing anxiety and depression of Iranian combatant afflicted by post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(10), 1932-1937. doi:10.3923/jas.2008.1932.1937.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This research aims to determine efficacy of two therapeutic methods and compare them: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for reduction of anxiety and depression for Iranian combatant afflicted with Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after imposed war. Statistical population of current study includes combatants afflicted with PTSD that were hospitalized in Isas Hospital of Ardabil province or were inhabited in Ardabil. These persons were selected through simple random sampling and were randomly located in three groups. The method was extended test method and study design was multi-group test-retest. Used tools include hospital anxiety and depression scale. This survey showed that exercise of EMDR and CBT has caused significant reduction of anxiety and depression. [Author Abstract]

Accuracy Verified: Yes

302. Cook-Vienot, R., & Taylor, R. J. (2012). Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and biofeedback/stress inoculation training in treating test anxiety. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 62-72. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.62.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and Biofeedback/Stress Inoculation Training (B/SIT) treatment and no treatment (NT) were compared in reducing test anxiety. Thirty college students with high test anxiety were randomly assigned to each condition. Pre-post assessments were conducted using the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Rational Behavior Inventory (RBI), and Autonomic Perception Questionnaire (APQ). Treatment therapists were licensed professionals with at least 2 years experience in their respective modality. Statistical analysis using a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures found significant interactions between time (pre-post) and treatment conditions for all measures except the RBI. Post hoc Newman–Keuls analyses were conducted on the change scores, indicating that both EMDR and B/SIT significantly reduced test anxiety. EMDR generally outperformed B/SIT.

Keywords: Biofeedback Stress Inoculation Test Anxiety

Accuracy Verified: Yes

303. Oncley, P. R. (1992). A comparison of eye movement desensitization and implosion-like therapy with adult victims of sexual abuse. Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA. AAT 9302718.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a recently developed technique that has been reported in the literature to be effective in treating many of the symptoms associated with PTSD. This study investigated the role of saccadic eye movements in this technique by utilizing a multiple-baseline, across subjects design with 4 adult victims of childhood sexual abuse.Eye movement desensitization conditions (EMD) were compared to non saccadic eye movement conditions (NM) utilizing a Latin square design over one treatment session. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-R) and the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID) were used for initial diagnosis and screening. Treatment effectiveness between the intervention phase and 1 week follow-up was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the PTSD Symptom Checklist. Skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate, and subjective units of distress (SUDS) were assessed during pretreatment, treatment, posttreatment, and follow-up phases. Results showed no significant differences across subjects among SCR, heart rate, and SUDS between the EMD and NM conditions. IES and PTSD Symptom Checklist follow-up data showed symptom improvement for 3 of the 4 subjects. One subject's intrusive symptoms worsened. All subjects displayed less physiological reactivity to the traumatic imagery at follow-up. Mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of EMD and recommendations for future study were discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Arousal Child Abuse Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

304. Vienot, R. C. (1998, July). A comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and biofeedback/stress inoculation training in treating test anxiety. Union Institute and University, Cincinnati, OH. AAT 9822000.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment, Biofeedback/Stress Inoculation Training (B/SIT) treatment, and no treatment (NT) were compared in treating test anxiety. Subjects (30) reporting test anxiety were randomly assigned to EMDR, B/SIT or NT. Treatment consisted of three 90 minute sessions using B/SIT and one 45 minute session/three 75 minute sessions using EMDR. Treatment therapists were licensed psychologists, counselors or social workers with two to twenty years experience using EMDR or B/SIT. Subjects in the NT group were offered treatment following the study. Six dependent variables were measured pre/post: trait and state anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-T.S.), test anxiety (Test Anxiety Inventory, TAI-T.W.E.), rationality of personal beliefs (Rational Behavior Inventory, RBI), negative self statements (TAI-W) and self report of physiological response (Autonomic Perception Inventory, APQ) using.05 level. ANOVAs were performed followed by a Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison. There was a significant interaction between pre-post tests and type of group on all dependent measures except the RBI. EMDR showed a tendency toward greater improvement from pre to post test than B/SIT and NT. There were no significant differences between groups on the pre test. Post group means indicated: (a) STAI-S, there was no difference between the groups; (b) STAI-T and APQ, EMDR and B/SIT had a greater reduction than NT; (c) TAI-E, EMDR showed more reduction than B/SIT and NT; (d) TAI-T and W, there were differences between all three groups with EMDR showing the most reduction. A meta-analysis was performed to determine clinical significance. Prior to treatment all three groups were above the normative effect size of 1 SD. The NT group showed no change on post tests. The EMDR group showed a larger reduction in effect size than B/SIT. Based on the data both EMDR and B/SIT reduced test anxiety with EMDR generally outperforming B/SIT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(1-B), Jul 1998, pp. 0430.

Keywords: Biofeedback/Stress Biofeedback Training Empirical Study Inoculation Training Stress Management Test Anxiety Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

305. Alexander, R. J. (1998, September). Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and hypnosis. Washington State University, Pullman, WA. AAT 9825908.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is being used in the treatment of numerous disorders. This research focused on EMDR and hypnosis to gain insight into whether the EMDR procedure is a hypnotic phenomenon. Ten high (SHSS:C = 10-12) and ten low hypnotizables (SHSS:C = 0-3) from a northwestern university were exposed to EMDR treatment based on Shapiro's procedure (1995). Responses to a post hypnotic suggestion given before the installation phase of EMDR were measured. Mann Whitney U results revealed a significant difference between low and high hypnotizable participants' responses suggesting that there is a hypnotic phenomenon present in EMDR. ANOVA results for Subject Units of Disturbance (SUDS) and Validity of Cognition (VOC) measures revealed significant treatment effects for both highs and lows pre- to posttreatment. Comparison of high and low hypnotizable groups on the posttreatment outcome scores of SUDS revealed that highs experienced significantly lower levels of disturbance than lows. Comparison of high and low hypnotizables on the posttreatment outcome scores of the VOC revealed no significant difference between groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(3-B), Sep 1998, pp. 1357.

Keywords: Hypnosis Empirical Study Psychotherapeutic Techniques

Accuracy Verified: Yes

306. Nazari, H., Momeni, N., Jariani, M., & Tarrahi, M. J. (2011, November). Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with citalopram in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 15(4), 270-274. doi:10.3109/13651501.2011.590210.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the chronic anxiety disorders that interfere with routine individual life, occupational and social functions. There is controversy about the first choice of treatment for OCD between medication and psychotherapy. Aim. the aim was to investigate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) compared with medication by citalopram in treatment of OCD. Methods. This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 90 OCD patients that randomly were assigned into two groups. They either received therapeutic sessions of EMDR or citalopram during 12 weeks. Both groups blindly were evaluated by the Yale-Brown scale before and after the trial period. Results. Pretreatment average Yale-Brown score of citalopram group was about 25.26 as well as 24.83 in EMDR group. The after treatment scores were 19.06 and 13.6, respectively. There was significant difference between the mean Yale-Brown scores of the two groups after treatment and EMDR was more effective than citalopram in improvement of OCD signs. Conclusion. It is concluded that although both therapeutic methods (EMDR and Citalopram) had significant effect in improving obsessive signs but it seems that in short term EMRD has better effect in improvement of final outcome of OCD.

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

307. Jaberghaderi, N., Dolatabadi, S., & Zand, S. O. (2002, Winter). A comparison of eye movement desensitzation and reprocessing and stress inoculation training (SIT) for sexually abused girls. Advances in Cognitive Science, 3(4), 16-26.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Fourteen sexually abused girls aged 12-13, were randomly assigned to receive either EMDR or SIT. Participants and their parents completed Child Report of Post Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), and Parent Report of Post Traumatic Symptoms (PROPS), pre and post treatment. Results indicated that there was significant influence only on the PROPS. But there was a significant impact on both these instrument (CROPS & PROPS), with EMDR. In evaluating CROPS and PROPS, factor analysis with SIT illustrated that, externalizing and internalizing symptoms in PROPS and avoidance thoughts and behaviors in CROPS were treated. Further the results gathered from factor analysis with EMDR, showed that internalizing and somatic symptoms in PROPS and self harm, depression feelings and also somatic symptoms in CROPS improved as well. Clinical findings also suggested that EMDR and SIT did not have any significant differences in treating posttraumatic symptoms. Factor analysis found that, EMDR was more effective than SIT in treating somatic symptoms of sexually abused girls.

Keywords: Iran Sexual Abuse SIT Stress Inocculation Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

308. Khosropour, F., Ebrahiminejad, G. H. Baniasadi, H., & Faryabi, M. (2012, Spring). Comparison of false memory among patients with post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) based on the received psychological treatment. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 17(2),154-160.

Language: Persian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background & Aims: False memory is more prevalent among PTSD patients. This memory can be affected by group and intensifies the symptoms of the disorder. Psychological Debriefing (PD) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are widely used for the treatment of PTSD patients. The efficacy of these treatments is controversial. Method: A total of 219 PTSD patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups based on the received treatment type (EMDR, PD, control group). All groups were evaluated and compared by using Rodiger & McDremott False Memory Scale. Results: The EMDR group in comparison to the PD and control groups and the control group in comparison to the PD group showed lower rates of false memory (PConclusion: Considering lower level of false memory in EMDR group compared with other groups and the negative effects of false memory in identification of PTSD, EMDR is better than PD in the treatment of PTSD patients.

Keywords: False Memory Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

309. Garsen, B. (2005). A comparison of post traumatic stress disorder treatment modalities for adolescents. California State University, Long Beach, CA. AAT 1426939.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore treatment modalities for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for adolescents. This study examined current research on the treatment of PTSD by analyzing the content of books and articles written within the past 10 years. The study was a descriptive content analysis of currently used treatment modalities for PTSD. Data analysis involved a recursive process in which themes were identified and developed over numerous readings. The findings of this study indicated that PTSD symptomology was significantly reduced when adolescents were treated with cognitive behavioral methods. Controlled studies were located only for cognitive behavioral interventions. Pharmacological interventions were widely used to treat PTSD symptoms. However, there have been neither controlled nor open-label drug studies conducted regarding this population. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a promising new form of treatment that has yet to be examined in a rigorous manner. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) sometimes exacerbated PTSD symptoms in this population. The results of the study indicated that more controlled research needs to be generated targeting adolescents with PTSD.

Keywords: Adolescents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

310. Ironson, G., Freund, B., Strauss, J., & Williams, J. (2002, January). Comparison of two treatments for traumatic stress: A community-based study of EMDR and prolonged exposure. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 113-128. doi:10.1002/jclp.1132.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This pilot study compared the efficacy of two treatments for PTSD: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Prolonged Exposure (PE). Data were analyzed for 22 patients from a university-based clinic serving the outside community (predominantly rape and crime victims) who completed at least one active session of treatment after three preparatory sessions. Results showed both approaches produced a significant reduction in PTSD and depression symptoms, which were maintained at three-month follow-up. Successful treatment was faster with EMDR as a larger number of people (7 of 10) had a 70% reduction in PTSD symptoms after three active sessions compared to 2 of 12 with PE. EMDR appeared to be better tolerated as the dropout rate was significantly lower in those randomized to EMDR versus PE (0 of 10 vs. 3 of 10). However all patients who remained in treatment with PE had a reduction in PTSD scores. Finally, Subjective Units of Distress (SUDS) ratings decreased significantly during the initial session of EMDR, but changed little during PE. Postsession SUDS were significantly lower for EMDR than for PE. Suggestions for future research are discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Empirical Study Meta Analysis Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

311. Kristjánsdóttir, K., & Lee, C. W. (2011). A comparison of visual versus auditory concurrent tasks on reducing the distress and vividness of aversive autobiographical memories. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(2), 34-41. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.34.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study investigated the benefits of eye movement similar to that used in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on reducing the vividness and emotionality of negative autobiographical memories. It was hypothesized, based on the working memory model, that any task that disrupts working memory would reduce the vividness and emotionality of distressing memories. In addition, it was predicted that the more visual a memory, the greater the reduction in vividness by a concurrent visual task over an auditory task (counting). Thirty-six nonclinical participants were asked to recall an unpleasant autobiographical memory while performing each of three dual-attention tasks: eye movement, listening to counting, or control (short exposure). Results showed that vividness and emotionality ratings of the memory decreased significantly after eye movement and counting, and that eye movement produced the greatest benefit. Furthermore, eye movement facilitated greater decrease in vividness irrespective of the modality of the memory. Although this is not consistent with the hypothesis from a working memory model of mode-specific effects, it is consistent with a central executive explanation. Implications for enhancing exposure treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are discussed.

Keywords: Autobiographical Memory Counting Method Eye Movement Vividness Working Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

312. Gauvry, S., Lesta, P., Gueudet, A., Larrarte, A. A., & Pallia, R. (2012, June). Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), Sudeck dystrophy: EMDR reprocessing therapy applied to the psychotherapy strategy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Description of the application of EMDR Psychotherapeutic Model, in a child with uncontrolled pain due to CRPS.

Keywords: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome CRSP Poster Sudeck Dystrophy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

313. Tofani, L. R. (2007). Complex separation, individuation processes, and anxiety disorders in young adulthood. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 265-283). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Research has shown that anxiety in children is highly influenced by parenting style, perception of family support (Rapee & Melville, 1997), and family relational patterns. Social Anxiety Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is considered to be a common disorder in young adults. According to Shapiro's (1995, 2001) Adaptive Information Processing model, a neurotic symptomatic situation in a young adult with an unfinished separation process may be connected to unresolved separations and other past traumas. This chapter discusses research and clinical evidence, and treatment of young adults with complex separation problems. Integration of family systems therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) is discussed. In this integrated treatment procedure, family therapy follows the experiential family systems therapy approach (Giat Roberto, 1992; Napier & Whitaker, 1978), with elements of multigenerational and Structural Family Therapy styles (Bowen, 1978; Minuchin & Fishman, 1992). The EMDR standard protocol is followed. A case example and concluding discussion complete the chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Family Relations Family Systems Therapy Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Individuation Integrative Psychotherapy Separation Anxiety Separation Individuation Separation Problems Separation Reactions Structural Family Therapy Young Adulthood

Accuracy Verified: Yes

314. Wagstaff, G. F., Cole, J., Wheatcroft, J., Marshall, M., & Barsby, I. (2007). A componential approach to hypnotic memory facilitation: Focused meditation, context reinstatement and eye movements. Contemporary Hypnosis, 24(3), 97-108. doi:10.1002/ch.334.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Although hypnosis is now less popular as an interviewing technique in forensic investigations than it used to be, recent evidence suggests that some of the components of hypnotic interviewing might still be useful in the development of brief memory facilitation procedures. Two experiments are described which continue this componential approach to hypnotic interviewing. In the first experiment, the effects on episodic memory of a brief context reinstatement (revivication) procedure were examined together with a focused breathing meditation technique which shares similarities with traditional hypnotic induction. A second experiment investigated the effects of horizontal eye movements which some have also associated with hypnotic responding. Results indicated that a combined context reinstatement and focused meditation procedure was more effective than context reinstatement alone in facilitating memory for an emotional event without the increase in false positive errors familiar to more traditional hypnosis techniques. In contrast, an instruction to perform horizontal eye movements was not effective in facilitating memory and, when combined with a suggestion for improved recall, produced higher confidence in incorrect responses. Implications are discussed. [Abstract from author]

Keywords: Accuracy Confidence Context Reinstatement Eye Movements Forensic Hypnosis Hypnotism Interviewing Meditation Memory Memory Facilitation Testing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

315. Grey, E. (2010, September/October). Concentrated EMDR: A case study of EMDR with co-morbid depression and anxiety. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The efficacy of EMDR treatment for PTSD is established. EMDR is globally recognized as a level one evidence-based practice for PTSD. The studies that were used to determine these findings tended to have weekly EMDR sessions; however it may be possible that more frequent sessions could produce more effective outcomes. This pilot study investigated concentrated EMDR treatment using a quantitative single case study design with a participant with co-morbid major depressive disorder, severe without psychotic features and panic disorder with agoraphobia. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine concentrated EMDR treatment warrants further research attention. The researcher used the Beck's Depression Inventory and The Beck's Anxiety Inventory as the outcome measures. A non-predetermined treatment trial of twelve EMDR reprocessing treatment sessions occurred at a frequency of three 90 minutes sessions per week for a period of one month. Thc baseline mean scores were. BAI: M=38, BDI: M=49. At a 3-month follow-up the scores decrease to raw outcome scores of BAI: 7; BDI: 8. The results of this pilot study are significant in indicating that (a) concentrated EMDR may promote favorable treatmenr outcomes and (b) concentrated EMDR may be effective in treating co-morbid major depressive disorder, severe without psychotic features and panic with agoraphobia.

Keywords: Anxiety Case Study Depression Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

316. Allen, J., & Lewis, L. (1996, Spring). A conceptual framework for treating traumatic memories and its application to EMDR. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 60(2), 238-263.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
With burgeoning interest in trauma has come a proliferation of interventions for the treatment of intrusive memories. At this stage of development, uniformity of clinical practice in the trauma field is neither possible nor desirable. The literature suggests that a wide range of treatment interventions are effective. But diversity in practice does not preclude coherence in conceptualization. This article presents a general theoretical framework to provide clinicians and patients with a rationale for treating intrusive symptoms of PTSD. To illustrate the applicability of the framework, the authors critique Shapiro's recent theoretical explanation of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an exemplary cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of trauma. EMDR merits careful theoretical reappraisal, because it has become a highly popular and seemingly effective technique that currently rests on an unsound neurobiological theoretical foundation. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Hallucinations Intrusive Thoughts Memory Impairment Neurophysiology Professional Criticism Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

317. Staff. (2000, September 2). Confronting the past. London, England: The Times, Features.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
From Dr Aulakh It may be that Andrew Ravensdale has had enough of "therapy" (The Last Taboo, August 19). However, he might be interested to learn about EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing, first discovered by Francine Shapiro. It is a method for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), specifically dealing with early childhood as it is known to affect the present, and also with flashbacks.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

318. Cerquetani, S. (2011). Conheça o EMDR: Uma nova terapia para traumas [Learn about EMDR: A new therapy for trauma]. Viva Saúde. Retrieved from http://revistavivasaude.uol.com.br/saude-nutricao/103/conheca-o-emdr-uma-nova-terapia-para-traumas-a-240723-1.asp on 12/15/2011..

Language: Portuguese

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Em 1984, Rosana Leite sofreu um acidente de carro e rompeu os tendões da mão direita, e não dirigiu à noite por mais de 15 anos. Já Silvia Guz lesionou o tendão do cotovelo na mesma circunstância, quase perdeu os movimentos do braço e sentia dores constantes. Apesar dos tratamentos convencionais, as lembranças e as dores de ambas não desapareciam. Mas, com a técnica terapêutica Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (Dessensibilização e Reprocessamento por meio dos Movimentos Oculares - EMDR), elas conseguiram superar seus traumas num tempo mínimo.

In 1984, Rosana Milk suffered a car accident and broke the tendons of his right hand, and did not drive at night for more than 15 years. Silvia Guz already injured the tendon of the elbow in the same condition, almost lost his arm movements and was in constant pain. Despite conventional treatment, the memories and the pain did not disappear either. But with the therapeutic technique Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (via Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement - EMDR), they managed to overcome their trauma in minimum time.

Keywords: Automobile Accident General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

319. Monteiro, A. M., Pretto, F., Salomoni, S. R., Bittú, S. S., Moreira, M. A. A., de Souza, J. C., de Carvalho, E. R. S., Ribas, A. B., Faleiros, R. M., & Zampieri, M. A. J. (2012, September). Conquistas na Psicoterapia: Estudos de caso com EMDR [Conquists in Psychotherapy: Case studies with EMDR]. Lagoa Nova, Brasilia: Associação Brasileira de EMDR.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Book

Abstract:
Este livro de casos descreve sessões por diferentes autores/terapeutas que utilizaram a nova abordagem psicoterapêutica, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) para tratar seus clientes. Cada caso contem a história do cliente, o manejo clínico e os resultados - muitas vezes surpreendentes pela rapidez e eficácia de resolução. Trata-se do primeiro livro de casos de EMDR publicados por autores brasileiros.

This book describes cases of sessions by different authors / therapists who used the new approach psychotherapy, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) to treat their customers. Each case contains client history, clinical management and outcomes - often surprising the speed and efficiency of resolution. This is the first book-case EMDR published by Brazilian authors.

Keywords: Case Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

320. Bergmann, U. (2012). Consciousness examined: An introduction to the foundations of neurobiology for EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 87-91. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.87.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The human mind is difficult to investigate, but the biological foundations of the mind, especially consciousness, are generally regarded as the most daunting. In this article, excerpted from the book Neurobiological Foundations for EMDR Practice (Bergmann, 2012), we introduce and outline aspects of consciousness, information processing, and their relationship to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). We examine consciousness with respect to three characteristics: unity of perception and function, subjectivity, and prediction. The relationship of these characteristics to EMDR is examined.

Keywords: Consciousness Information Processing Neurobiology Prediction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

321. Leeds, A. (2006, September). The consensus model. In criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development & installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes (A. Leeds). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient & stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients and clinical situations the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.

Keywords: Complex PTSD Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder C-PSTD Consensus Model Resource Development & Installation RDI Treatment Criteria

Accuracy Verified: Yes

322. Consortium of Canadian Chiropractic Research Centers (CCCRC). (2003, June). Consortial member profile: The Human Performance Laboratory at the University of Calgary. Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 47(2), 84-92.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The CCCRC now has 12 members and is a network of Canadian researchers designed to foster cross-disciplinary research collaboration on a variety of issues that will advance the CCA’s Research Agenda. Each issue of the JCCA will feature a Consortial Member profile and clinicians and researchers are invited to establish links with those areas of interest. The first Consortial member to be featured is Dr. Walter Herzog at the University of Calgary.
We completed our first study in eye movement desensitization reprocessing therapy (EMDR). The study showed that EMDR is an effective method for helping athletes overcome traumatic events. Athletes significantly reduced their anxiety as a result of the therapy. We also found that those receiving therapy have gaze control characteristics outcome that make have an influence on the conduct and of the therapy.

Keywords: Athletes Gaze Control Characteristics

Accuracy Verified: Yes

323. Negadi, F., Jouvent, R., & Pelissolo, A. (2007, July). Contribution of EMDR's cognitive approach: A case of driving phobia. Journal International de Victimologie, 5(3), 146-152.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Most studies evaluating the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for various problems have focused on the importance of eye movements and largely ignored the fact that EMDR is an integrative therapeutic approach in which the cognitive approach plays a large part. The case study presented here includes an evaluation of the efficacy of EMDR, on various standardised evaluation scales, for a patient with driving phobia due to a traumatic event. The treatment of this patient was largely based on a cognitive approach (cognitive interweave) and the reprocessing of dysfunctional information according to the EMDR thérapy. The outcome one month after treatment was favourable, with the absence of phobic avoidance and a marked improvement in the patient's mood.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Driving Phobia Dysfunctional Belief

Accuracy Verified: Yes

324. Eidhof, M. B. (2012). The contribution of emotion to the effects of EMDR. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Until now, the effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has been best explained by Working Memory (WM) theory. Research on the effects of EMDR has always concerned emotional memory, even though the WM account does not consider the emotional element in EMDR. Insights from neuroscience about emotion and its role in the consolidating of stimuli have led to questions that WM theory cannot address. Therefore, the present study introduces the WM/emotion theory on EMDR, which complements WM theory by incorporating knowledge about emotion and its expected role in EMDR treatment. WM/emotion theory expects emotion to play an important role in EMDR treatment, because the re-experiencing of emotion during the recall of an (traumatic) emotional memory seems to enhance (re)consolidation of the ‘blurred’ (as a result of taxing the WM) memory. If this is true, it means EMDR treatment would only affect memories with high emotional charge, and EMDR would be less effective with neutral memories. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted in which negative emotional- and neutral memories of participants were treated with a lab version of EMDR (recall + eye movements (Recall+EM’s)) or a control intervention (Recall-only). It was expected that after Recall + EM’s the reduction of the vividness (and emotionality) would be larger for emotional memories than for neutral memories.It was found that after Recall+EM’s only the vividness (and emotionality) of emotional memories was reduced. The results of the present study suggest that emotion is a crucial element in EMDR treatment and knowledge about the workings of EMDR should be revised according to WM/emotion theory.

Keywords: Autobiographical Memories Consolidation Emotion Negative Memories Neutral Memories Reconsolidation Vividness Working Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

325. Carrigan, M., & Levis, D. (1999, January-April). The contributions of eye movements to the efficiacy of brief exposure treatment for reducing fear of public speaking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 101-118. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00042-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The present study was designed to isolate the effects of the eye-movement component of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure in the treatment of fear of public speaking. Seventy-one undergraduate psychology students who responded in a fearful manner on the Fear Survey Schedule II and on a standardized, self-report measure of public speaking anxiety (Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker; PRCS) were randomly assigned to one of four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The two independent variables assessed were treatment condition (imagery plus eye movements vs. imagery alone) and type of imagery (fear-relevant vs. relaxing). Dependent variables assessed were self-reported and physiological anxiety during exposure and behavioral indices of anxiety while giving a speech. Although process measures indicated exposure to fear-relevant imagery increased anxiety during the procedure, no significant differences among groups were found on any of the outcome measures, except that participants who received eye movements were less likely to give a speech posttreatment than participants who did not receive eye movements. Addition of the eye movements to the experimental procedure did not result in enhancement of fear reduction. It was concluded, consistent with the results of past research, that previously reported positive effects of the EMDR procedure may be largely due to exposure to conditioned stimuli (ScienceDirect).

Keywords: Americans College Students Empirical Study Experimental Stressors Females Phobia Psychophysiology Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

326. Schnurr, P. P. (1999, Winter). Control groups in psychotherapy research. PTSD Research Quarterly, 10(1), 1, 8.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Discusses the inferences that can be drawn from studies of psychotherapy effectiveness, based on the type of therapy control group that is used, with particular attention to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. [FAL]

Keywords: Methodology Psychotherapy Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

327. Greenwald, R., McClintock, S. D., & Bailey, T. D. (2012, October). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization & reprocessing (EMDR) and progressive counting (PC). Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is the most effctive (Ho & Lee, 2012) and efficient (Greenwald et al, 2012) of the established trauma treatments and it is well tolerated by clients. However, EMDR is complex, making dissemination challenging and expensive (Greenwald, 2066a). PC is simplet, more qickly learned, and had shown promise in case stuidies (Greenwald, 2008a, 2008b) and open trials (Greenwald & Schmidt, 2010). If PC is comprable to EMDR, then dissemination of top-tier trauma treatment can be more economical.

Keywords: Poster Progressive Counting

Accuracy Verified: Yes

328. Power, K. G., McGoldrick, T., & Brown, K. W. (1999). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring versus waiting list in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Report to the Scottish Home and Health Department, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Language: English

Format: Publication

Keywords: Adults Brief Psychotherapy British Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Females Males Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

329. Power, K., McGoldrick, T., Brown, K., Buchanan, R., Sharp, D., Swanson, V., & Karatzias, A. (2002, August). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring, versus waiting list in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9(5), 299-318. doi:10.1002/cpp.341.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A total of 105 patients with PTSD were randomly allocated to eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) (n = 39) versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring (E + CR) (n = 37) versus waiting list (WL) (n = 29) in a primary care setting. EMDR and E + CR patients received a maximum of 10 treatment sessions over a 10-week period. All patients were assessed by blind raters prior to randomization and at end of the 10-week treatment or waiting list period. EMDR and E + CR patients were also assessed by therapists at the mid-point of the 10- week treatment period and on average at 15 months follow-up. Patients were assessed on a variety of assessor-rated and self-report measures of PTSD symptomatology including the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Impact of Events Scale (IOE) and a self-report version of the SI-PTSD Checklist. Measures of anxiety and depression included the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A measure of social function, the Sheehan Disability Scale, was also used. Drop-out rates between the three groups were 12 EMDR, 16 E + CR, and 5 WL. Treatment end-point analyses were conducted on the remaining 72 patients. Repeated measures analysis of variance of treatment outcome at 10 weeks revealed significant time, interaction, and group effects for all the above measures. In general there were significant and substantial pre-post reductions for EMDR and E + CR groups but no change for the WL patients. Both treatments were effective over WL. The only indication of superiority of either active treatment, in relation to measures of clinically significant change, was a greater reduction in patient self-reported depression ratings and improved social functioning for EMDR in comparison to E + CR at the end of the treatment period and for fewer number of treatment sessions for EMDR (mean 4.2) than E + CR (mean 6.4) patients. At 15 months follow-up treatment gains were generally well-maintained with the only difference, in favour of EMDR over E + CR, occurring in relation to assessor-rated levels of clinically significant change in depression. However, exclusion of patients who had subsequent treatment during the follow-up period diminished the proportion of patients achieving long-term clinically significant change. In summary, at end of treatment and at follow-up, both EMDR and E + CR are effective in the treatment of PTSD with only a slight advantage in favour of EMDR. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Brief Psychotherapy British Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Females Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

330. Greenwald, R., McClintock, S. D., & Bailey, T. D. (In press). A controlled comparison of progressive counting and eye movement desensitization & reprocessing. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Ten therapists who were already trained and experienced in eye movement desensitization & reprocessing (EMDR) received training in progressive counting (PC), a newer trauma resolution method. Nineteen volunteers with single-incident trauma or loss were assigned to a therapist and then randomized to treatment condition; 15 completed treatment to termination criteria or until the fourth session. Participants in both conditions experienced significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, memory-related distress, and presenting problems at one week post-treatment, maintained at 12-week follow-up, with no significant differences in outcomes, treatment efficiency, or dropout rate. The preliminary findings of this pilot study suggest that PC is an efficient, well-tolerated, and effective trauma treatment that is relatively easy for therapists to master.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Exposure Loss Progressive Counting Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: No

331. Karatzias, T., Power, K., Brown, K., McGoldrick, T., Begum, M., Young, J., Loughran, P., Chouliara, Z., & Adams, S. (2011, June). A controlled comparison of the effectiveness and efficiency of two psychological therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing vs. emotional freedom techniques. Journal of Nervous Mental Disease, 199(6), 372-378. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31821cd262.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The present study reports on the first ever controlled comparison between eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and emotional freedom techniques (EFT) for posttraumatic stress disorder. A total of 46 participants were randomized to either EMDR (n = 23) or EFT (n = 23). The participants were assessed at baseline and then reassessed after an 8-week waiting period. Two further blind assessments were conducted at posttreatment and 3-months follow-up. Overall, the results indicated that both interventions produced significant therapeutic gains at posttreatment and follow-up in an equal number of sessions. Similar treatment effect sizes were observed in both treatment groups. Regarding clinical significant changes, a slightly higher proportion of patients in the EMDR group produced substantial clinical changes compared with the EFT group. Given the speculative nature of the theoretical basis of EFT, a dismantling study on the active ingredients of EFT should be subject to future research.

Keywords: EFT Emotional Freedom Technique Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

332. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 6(1), 217-236. doi:10.1300/J146v06n01_11.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
We suggest that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only light improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. [Author summary]

Keywords: Adolescents Control Study Disruptive Behavior Disorders Empirical Study Males Preadolescents Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

333. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. In R. Greenwald (Ed). Trauma and juvenile delinquency: Theory, research, and interventions. (pp. 217-236). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Suggests that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only slight improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16 years, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Boys Conduct Problems Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

334. Rothbaum, B. O. (1997, Summer). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 61(3), 317-334.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a new method developed to treat PTSD. This study evaluated the efficacy of EMDR compared to a no-treatment wait-list control in the treatment of PTSD in adult female sexual assault victims. 21 subjects were entered and 18 completed. Treatment was delivered in 4 weekly individual sessions. Assessments were conducted pre- and posttreatment and 3 months following treatment termination by an independent assessor kept blind to treatment condition. Measures included standard clinician- and self-administered PTSD and related psychopathology scales. Results indicated that subjects treated with EMDR improved significantly more on PTSD and depression from pre- to posttreatment than control subjects, leading to the conclusion that EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD in this study. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

335. Pittman, R. K., Orr, S. P., Atman, B., Longpre, R. E., Poire, R. E., & Lasko, N. B. (1993, May). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization/reprocessing (EMDR): Treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. Presentation at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, Washington, D. C..

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

336. Marcus, S., Marquis, P., & Sakai, C. (1997, Fall). Controlled study of treatment of PTSD using EMDR in an HMO setting. Psychotherapy, 34(3), 307-315. doi:10.1037/h0087791.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
67 individuals diagnosed with PTSD were randomly assigned to either Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or Standard Care (SC) treatment. Participants were assessed pretreatment, after 3 sessions, and at the completion of treatment using the Symptom Checklist-90, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Events Scale, Modified PTSD Scale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Subjective Units of Disturbance. In addition, an independent evaluator assessed participants using DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD including Global Assessment of Functioning at the 3 data points. The individuals in the EMDR treatment group showed significantly greater improvement with greater rapidity than those in the SC treatment group on measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and general symptoms. Participants who received EMDR treatment used fewer medication appointments for their psychological symptoms and needed fewer psychotherapy appointments. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Managed Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

337. Hyer, L. A., Boudewyns, P. A., Peralme, L., Touze, J., & Kiel, A. (1995, June). Controlled treatment outcome study using EMDR on combat-related post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
After the status of PTSD was established, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions; EMDR, exposure control (EC), and group (GT). Subjects in EMDR condition received at least five but no more than eight sessions of EMDR. EC condition subjects therapy procedure as the EMDR subjects but without the eye movements. Subjects in the GT condition received five to eight session of group therapy only. Outcome measures were at intervals; prior to therapy, immediately following therapy and at two follow-up periods. These include: (1) self report or interview-related psychological measures (Combat Exposure scale, MMPI-2 PTSD, Veterans Adjustment Scale (VETS), Mississippi Scale, Hamilton (Depression and Anxiety); (2) behavioral outcome measures (employment, treatment seeking behavior medication therapy, and re hospitalization rate); and (3) psychophysiological response measures (skin conductance, frontalis EMG, heart rate and blood pressure). The last measures involved a change measure in psychological arousal during exposure to tape recorded scripts depicting the patients' most traumatic combat memory. In addition to these pre-, post-, follow-up measures, measures (SUD, profile of mood scale (POMS), and impact of events scale (IOE) were taken at each therapy session. Early results on selected outcomes show differences in positive outcome between conditions POMS EMDR>GT (p<.01); IOE Avoidance, EMDR>GT (p<.04); IOE Intrusion, EMDR>GT(p<.03); Heart Rate, EMDR>GT (p<.04). Presently, there were no other significant differences between EMDR or EC. Trends, however suggest that EMDR may be superior to EC on several of the measures. These results indicate that EMDR may be producing greater reduction in the conditioned emotional response to traumatic memories in these patients, when compared to group therapy approach commonly used to treat these types of patients in a special VA treatment program.

Keywords: Combat Controlled Treatment Outcome Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

338. Payne, S. (2007, June 23). Controversial memories. London, England: The Daily Telegraph, News, 7.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new and controversial technique used in cases of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

339. Staff. (2004, May 1). Controversial therapy used. Olympia, WA: The Olympian, South Sound, C2.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Drug Court's new trauma treatment program is centered on a relatively new and still controversial form of therapy known as eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing, or EMDR.

Keywords: General Olympia Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

340. Stuart, J. (2003, January 15). Copying by looking sideways. Belfast, Ireland: Belfast Telegraph.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Yet the treatment, Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), is believed by some to be one of the most effective treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Keywords: General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

341. Pagani, M., Högberg, G., Fernandez, I., & Siracusano, A. (2013). Correlates of EMDR therapy in functional and structural neuroimaging: A critical summary of recent findings. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 29-38. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.29.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Neuroimaging investigations of the effects of psychotherapies treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), have reported findings consistent with modifications in cerebral blood flow (CBF; single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]), in neuronal volume and density (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and more recently in brain electric signal (electroencephalography [EEG]). Additionally in the recent past, EMDR- related neurobiological changes were monitored by EEG during therapy itself and showed a shift of the maximal activation from emotional limbic to cortical cognitive brain regions. This was the first time in which neurobiological changes occurring during any psychotherapy session have been reported, making EMDR the first psychotherapy with a proven neurobiological effect. The purpose of this article was to review the results of functional and structural changes taking place at PTSD treatment and presented during the period of 1999–2012 by various research groups. The reported pathophysiological changes are presented by neuropsychological technique and implemented methodology and critically analyzed.

Keywords: EEG Limbic System MRI Neurobiology SPECT

Accuracy Verified: Yes

342. Gerardi, M., Rothbaum, B. O., Astin, M.C., & Kelley, M. (2010, June). Cortisol response following exposure treatment for PTSD in rape victims. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(4), 349-356. doi:10.1080/10926771003781297.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study examined changes in salivary cortisol levels pre-to-post-treatment in adult female rape victims diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) randomly assigned to be treated with either Prolonged Exposure Therapy or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Salivary cortisol was collected at baseline, session 3, and session 9. A significant decrease in salivary cortisol levels was observed in individuals classified as treatment responders in both treatment conditions. Findings suggest that successful exposure-based treatments for PTSD which result in trauma-related and depressive symptom reduction may impact the action of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as measured by changes in level of salivary cortisol from pre-to-post-treatment.

Keywords: Rape Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

343. Chard, K. M., & Gilman, R. (2005, August). Counseling trauma victims: 4 brief therapies meet the test. Current Psychiatry, 4(8). 50, 55-58, 61-62, 64.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Therapists once believed trauma survivors required years of treatment, yet we now know that relatively brief cognitive-behavioral interventions can yield long-term gains in psychosocial and psychological function. Many psychiatric patients meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD, including: 33% of women experiencing sexual assault, 30% of male war veterans, and 30% of the 5 million U.S. children exposed to trauma each year. The authors offer recommendations on how to prepare traumatized adults and children for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and discuss four tested models -- prolonged exposure (PE), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and stress inoculation training (SIT) -- that psychiatrists may find effective when treating PTSD. [Adapted from Text] [Pilots]

Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

344. Osborn, C. (1997, December 14). Counselors use eye therapy to help kids with trauma. Austin, TX: Austin American-Statesman Starr, B1, B7.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
The technique used on Glenn is called eye movement reprocessing, or EMDR. Created in 1989 by a California psychologist, it involves counselors inducing rapid eye movement to help their clients work through traumas.

Keywords: Austin Children Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

345. Cahill, S. P. (2000, July 1). Counterpoint: Evaluating EMDR in treating PTSD. Psychiatric Times, 17(7), 3-14.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
EMDR: Is Psychiatry Missing the Boat? (point) EMDR in Treating PTSD (counterpoint) This discussion focuses on the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a highly controversial treatment for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The point article stresses the extensive body of literature that shows the efficacy and safety of EMDR as a treatment protocol. It also explains the treatment process. The counterpoint article argues that much of the research supporting EMDR may not be methodologically sound and that attempting to make statements of efficacy based on the current literature may not be wise.[Psychiatric Times]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

346. van den Hout, M. A., Engelhard, I. M., Smeets, M. A. M., Hornsveld, H., Hoogeveen, E., de Heer, E., Toffolo, M. B. J., & Rijkeboer, M. (2010, April). Counting during recall: Taxing of working memory and reduced vividness and emotionality of negative memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(3), 303-311. doi:10.1002/acp.1677.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
While initially subject to debate, meta-analyses have shown that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is effective in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Earlier studies showed that eye movements during retrieval of emotional memories reduce their vividness and emotionality, which may be due to both tasks competing for limited working memory (WM)resources. This study examined whether another secondary task that taxes WM has beneficial effects, and whether the stronger the taxing, the stronger the reductions in vividness/adversity. A reaction time (RT) paradigm showed that counting backwards requiresWMresources, and that more complex counting is more demanding than simple counting. Relative to a retrieval-only condition, counting during retrieval of emotional memories reduced vividness and emotionality during later recall of these memories. However, the counting conditions did not differ in the magnitude of this reduction, and did not show the predicted dose-response relationship. Implications for a working-memory explanation of EMDR and for clinical practice are discussed. Copyright#2010 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

Keywords: Counting Reaction Time Paradigm Working Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

347. Johnson, D. R., & Lubin, H. (2006). The counting method: Applying the rule of parsimony to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Traumatology, 12(1), 83-99. doi:10.1177/153476560601200106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A study is described comparing Prolonged Exposure, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, and the Counting Method with 51 multiply-traumatized women. Measures of PTSD were significantly reduced by all three methods, but differences among the methods were negligible. Because the Counting Method utilizes only imaginal exposure as a therapeutic element, support is given to the more parsimonious conclusion that imaginal exposure may be both the necessary and sufficient factor in therapeutic effect, countering a trend in the field toward more complex, multi-faceted treatment packages. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Counting Method Exposure Therapy Females Imaginal Exposure Multiple Traumatic Events Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

348. Seubert, A. (2008, June). The courage to feel. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Courage to Feel is a practical and inspiring workshop, designed to give the clinician the experience and tools for guiding our clients into emotional expertise. It is not simply a theoretical training that gives you a lot of information about emotions. Because the emotional journey cuts through what is foreign territory for many of our clients, there is need of a map, a hands-on, practical guide that clients can refer to when learning how to do this “feelings thing”. To meet this need, this master workshop offers four concrete steps to emotional competence and seven skills in achieving them, all tried and proven over 25 of clinical practice. This training also teaches the use of such a trauma-informed phase model, as well as bilateral stimulation to reinforce learning, through video clips and in vivo practice. Andrew’s first book, The Courage to Feel: a Practical Guide to the Power and Freedom of Emotional Honesty, will be available through Infinity Publishing by May of 2008.

Keywords: Emotions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

349. Seubert, A. (2007, June). The courage to feel: The power of emotional competency within the EMDR protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Much of affect education is focused on managing and tolerating emotions. What is missing on the in this is an emphasis on the positive reasons for having feelings and how they work (objective #1). We need to be able to sell our clients on the importance of emotional expertise and honesty if they are to heal. They need to develop the courage to feel, but won’t do this if feelings don’t make sense.
Because the emotional journey cuts through what is foreign territory for many of our clients, there is also a need for a map, a hands-on practical guide that clients can refer to when learning how to do this “feeling things.” For this I have developed the Four Steps to emotional competence, very teachable and very learnable (Objective #2).
Specific skills are needed to implement the Four Steps. These include the practice of awareness (the sine qua non of any therapy), breath work, visualizations, resource development and anchoring, grounding techniques, trance busters and the L.I.D.S. strategy for managing strong feelings(Objective #3). Many of these will be practiced during the workshop.
Finally, it is important for the therapist to have a trauma treatment phase model in mind in order to know where this affect education fits in and when it may need to be revisited (Objective #4). The use of EMDR to reinforce learning will be demonstrated and/or practiced during the learning of the seven skills (Objective #5).

Keywords: Strategy Technique

Accuracy Verified: Yes

350. Seubert, A. (2008, September ). The courage to feel: Guiding clients into the power and freedom of emotional honesty. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Emotional Honesty Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

351. Hase, M. H. (2009). CravEx - Reprozessierung des suchtgedächtnisses mit der EMDR-methode [Reprocessing of the addiction EMDR method]. In R. Plassmann (Hg.), Im eigenen rhythmus, die EMDR-behandlung von essstörungen, bindungsstörungen, allergien, schmerz, angststörungen, tinnitus und süchten (pp. 165-172). Giessen, Germany: Psychosozial-Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Addiction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

352. Gomez, A. M. (2006, September). Creative approaches to motivate, prepare, and guide children to use EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is intended to teach specific ways to use storytelling, metaphors and play therapy techniques within the context of the EMDR protocol. Participants will learn play therapy techniques to use during the target identification phase. Techniques such as the "mixed up box", "My yucky bags" among others, will provide a playful approach to assist children in identifying EMDR targets as well as to provide an opportunity for containment. Safe place, as well as other types of resource development, will be addressed using alternative ways to cue the child, such as olfactory stimulation. Participants will learn metaphors and stories to help children understand what happens in the mind and body when trauma occurs. These metaphors are intended to motivate children that are reluctant to embrace the memories associated to the trauma. By using stones and metaphors, children can also maintain emotional distance from their own struggles. One of the main goals of this workshop is to help clinicians learn to communicate more effectively with children by using metaphors, stones and play. How to talk to children about EMDR and how to prepare children for the outcome of EMDR will be addressed. By making the process more predictable, the likelihood of children stopping the process when they experience the difficult feelings associated with the trauma might be minimized. Participants will also learn to use creative, fun and playful ways to assist children in understanding and using the measure scales of the EMDR protocol (SUDS and VOC).

Keywords: Children Metaphors Play Therapy Storytelling Targets

Accuracy Verified: Yes

353. Leeds, A. (2006, September). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of Resource Development & Installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient & stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients and clinical situations the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.

Keywords: Consensus Model RDI Resource Development and Installation Treatment Criteria

Accuracy Verified: Yes

354. Leeds, A. M. (2007, June). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development and installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories (Brown, Scheflin, & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999; Hart, Nijenhius, Steele, 2006). Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been described in a series of published case reports as an effective stabilizing intervention for adult survivors of adverse childhood experiences (Korn & Leeds, 2202; Leeds, 1997, 1998, 2001b; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000; Popky, 2005). These clinical case reports of RDI have been described observed decreases in intense shame, depersonalization, angry outbursts, self-injurious behaviors, compulsive eating, obsessive self-critical thoughts, persistent negative emotional states (misery), sexual acting out, and substance abuse. There are now several published procedural descriptions (Korn & Leeds, 2002; Leeds, 2001; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000) and a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR (Shapiro, 2001).
The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with post traumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been persistently offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. EMDR has been shown to produce stable, enduring treatment effects for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. RDI has not. Until recently (Korn et al, 2004; Leeds, 2005, 2006; Shapiro, 2004) little attention has been given to assuring appropriate use and avoiding misuse of RDI. This presentation will describe serious clinical and professional issues in continuing to offer RDI over repeated treatment sessions to patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet or achieve readiness criteria for standard EMDR reprocessing and in failing to offer or in excessively delaying EMDR reprocessing.
This presentation will clarify and review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients (1) and clinical situations (2) the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations (3) RDI should be offered cautiously, if at al, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients (4) RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR processing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented (5) to clarify its clinical application. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may b associated with misuse or excessive use of RDI. A series of ten clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD RDI Resource Development and Installation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

355. Leeds, A. (2010, July). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development and installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients (1) and clinical situations (3) the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations (4) RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients (2) RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented (5) to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD RDI Resource Development & Installation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

356. Perkins, B., & Rouanzoin, C. (2002, January). A critical evaluation of current views regarding eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Clarifying points of confusion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 77-97. doi:10.1002/jclp.1130.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR is an active psychological treatment for PTSD that has received widely divergent reactions from the scientific and professional community. This article examines points of confusion in the published literature on EMDR, including the theoretical, empirical, and historical issues around EMDR and placebo effects, exposure procedures, the eye movement component, treatment fidelity issues, and outcome studies. It also examines historical information relevant to the scientific process and charges of "pseudoscience" regarding EMDR. We conclude that the confusion in the literature is due to (a) the lack of an empirically validated model capable of convincingly explaining the effects of the EMDR method, (b) inaccurate and selective reporting of research, (c) some poorly designed empirical studies, (d) inadequate treatment fidelity in some outcome research, and (e) multiple biased or inaccurate reviews by a relatively small group of authors. Reading the original research articles frequently helps to reduce the confusion arising from the research review literature. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

357. Jensma, J. (1999, Summer). Critical incident intervention with missionaries: A comprehensive approach. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 27(2), 130-138.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
When people are exposed to, or involved in, traumatic occurrences, they are at risk for PTSD to follow in the wake. This involves more than psychological discomfort; it involves a host of physiological, mental, emotional, and spiritual sequelae. The results of trauma can be so debilitating that a missionary might be unable to continue to minister. The effects can last a lifetime. Given the relatively high level of risk for missionaries to experience critical incidents and the possible aftereffects, it is important for churches and mission boards to have an adequate and comprehensive approach to member care in ministering to missionaries when they encounter critical incidents. A comprehensive plan would include critical incident stress debriefing as soon as possible after an incident, one-to-one counseling -- preferably with a therapist trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) -- for those individuals experiencing complex PTSD, debriefing for the debriefers, and a post-critical incident seminar at least 3 months after the incident. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Complex PTSD Literature Review Missionaries Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Debriefing PTSD Recent Events Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

358. Nowill, J. (2010, April). A critical review of the controversy surrounding eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing. Counselling Psychology Review, 25(1), 63-70.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The treatment eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) continues to court controversy despite its adoption by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2005) as a preferred treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. This article critically reviews the two issues at the heart of the controversy. First, is EMDR effective for unique reasons or is it a disguised treatment such as exposure therapy? Second, is evidence-based practice an appropriate framework within which to assess psychological therapies or are its criteria too narrow and inflexible? The article proposes practice-based evidence as a potential way forward in EMDR research and describes an appropriate model within an EMDR treatment framework.

Keywords: Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

359. Spates, C. R., Waller, S., & Koch, E. I. (2000, Summer). A critique of Lohr et al's (1998) review of EMDR and Lipke's commentary: Of messages and messengers. the Behavior Therapist, 23(7), 148-154.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Our goals are as follows: (a) to propose what we believe is a reasonable context within which to evaluate data pertinent to EMDR; (b) to examine how the evidence fits within an evaluation of the more general treatment outcome literature on PTSD; (c) to suggest a constructive direction for future research. [Adapted from Text, p. 148] A comment on: Jeffrey M. Lohr, David F. Tolin, and Scott O. Lilienfeld, "Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: implications for behavior therapy", Behavior Therapy 29(1): 123-156 (Winter 1998) [20817] and Howard J. Lipke, "Comments on 'Thirty years of behavior therapy..." and the promise of the application of scientific principles", Behavior Therapist 22: 11-14 (1999).

Keywords: Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

360. Crittenton Children’s Center. (2013, May 28). Crittenton Children's Center receives grant for study of psychotherapy trauma treatment. Sacramento Bee, Sacramento, CA. Retrieved from http://www.sacbee.com/2013/05/28/5453013/crittenton-childrens-center-receives.html 5/28/2013.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
Crittenton Children's Center has received a two-year, $10,000 grant from the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Research Foundation to conduct a first of its kind study addressing trauma in children. [Excerpt]

Keywords: Press Release Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

361. Lee, C. (2008). Crucial processes in EMDR - More than imaginal exposure. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(4), 262-268. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.4.262.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The processes that underlie the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are examined by evaluating the procedural differences between it and exposure therapy. Major factors include the degree of emphasis placed on reliving versus distancing in the therapies and the degree to which clients are encouraged to focus on direct trauma experiences versus experiences associated with the trauma. Research results indicate that, unlike traditional imaginal exposure, reliving responses in EMDR did not correlate with symptom improvement. Instead, consistent with an information processing model, the degree of distancing in EMDR was significantly associated with improvement. A case study is described to highlight these methodological divergences in the respective therapies relating to reliving. Finally, the research regarding the possible sources of the distancing response within EMDR was examined. The results indicate that the distancing process was more likely to be an effect produced by eye movements than by any therapist instructions. Theoretical and research evaluations indicate that the mechanisms underlying EMDR and traditional exposure therapy are different.

Keywords: Exposure Therapy Information Processing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Reliving

Accuracy Verified: Yes

362. Hornsfeld, H. (2005, June). Cue exposure and EMDR, a new protocol description of procedure and demonstration of clinical application in the treatment of binge eating. In EMDR and eating disorders. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this presentation a new protocol will be described which combines EMDR and cue exposure in the treatment of binge eating disorder. Reason to adjust the cue exposure protocol by Jansen (1997) is that it is primarily aimed at extinction of the conditioned response pattern, but misses the opportunity to specifically address the processing of emotional and cognitive reactions. Two years of experience with this new procedure show results. The protocol will be presented and will be illustrated by video fragments. Specific issues like target selection, NC, PC and future templates will be discussed.

Keywords: Cue Exposure Eating Disorders Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

363. Hornsveld, H. (2005, June). Cue exposure and EMDR, A new protocol description of procedure and demonstration of clinical application in the treatment of binge eating. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this presentation a new protocol will be described which combines EMDR and cue exposure in the treating of binge eating disorder. Reason to adjust the cue exposure protocol by Jansen (1997) is that it is primarily aimed at extinction of the conditioned response pattern, but misses the opportunity to specifically address the processing of emotional and cognitive reactions. Two years of experience with this new procedure show positive results. The protocol will be presented and will be illustrated by video gragments. Specific issues like target selection, NC, PC and future templates will be discussed.

Keywords: Binge Eating Cue Exposure Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

364. Renner, W., Banninger-Huber, E., & Peltzer, K. (2011). Culture-sensitive and resource oriented peer (CROP) - Groups as a community based intervention for trauma survivors: A randomized controlled pilot study with refugees and asylum seekers from Chechnya. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 2011-1, 1-13.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Asylum seekers and refugees frequently suffer from post-traumatic stress and culturally sensitive methods towards reducing symptoms should be taken into account. The aim of the work reported here was to examine the effectiveness of Culture-Sensitive and Resource Oriented Peer (CROP) - Groups for Chechen asylum seekers and refugees towards reducing post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Some ninety-four participants were randomly assigned to 15 sessions of CROP - or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) - Groups, to 3 single sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), or to a Wait-List (WL). The results indicated that CROP was significantly superior to WL, and was equally effective as CBT in reducing post-traumatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Improvements still were present at three and six month follow-up occasions. EMDR yielded negative results. According to this pilot study, CROP-Groups pose a promising, culturally sensitive alternative to psychotherapy with Chechen migrants.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers Chechnya Community-Based Intervention CROP Culture-Sensitive and Resource Oriented Peer Pakistan Pilot Study Psychological Trauma Randomized Control Trial RCT Refugees Survivor Trauma Treatment Center Treatment Response Violent Situation in Pakistan

Accuracy Verified: Yes

365. Carvalho, E. (2011, August). Curando a galera que mora la dentro: Como o EMDR e as novas terapias de reprocessamento podem curar nossos papeis internos [Healing the folks who live inside: How EMDR can heal our inner gallery of roles]. Reino Editorial .

Language: Portuguese

Format: Book

Abstract:
Este livro tem como proposta identificar e esclarecer a existência da Galera Interna – aqueles personagens que moram dentro de todos nós e que dirigem as nossas vidas, tais como a Medrosinha, o Adolescente em Crise, a Criança Assustada, o Mentiroso (que mente para mim!). Veremos como estes papéis nascem e se desenvolvem dentro de nós, qual a função que cumprem nas nossas vidas, as suas interações e algumas formas de curar aquelas personagens feridas da nossa Galera Interna que nos impedem de viver plenamente. A ênfase especial neste processo de curar é nas novas terapias de reprocessamento tais como EMDR e Brainspotting. Também se aprende a celebrar àqueles papéis que nos edificam, nos jogam para cima e para frente e nos servem de recursos positivos. Enfim, temos como proposta desenvolver a “política da boa convivência” só que dessa vez, com os personagens que vivem dentro de nós, a nossa Galera Interna.

Do you sometimes feel like you don’t understand your reactions, feelings or thoughts? As if someone had hijacked the driver’s seat of your life and you wound up doing something stupid? Or regret your response? You don’t make sense in some situations, even to yourself? Maybe a wounded inner role took over and you didn’t catch it...? This book will explain what you can do about it. Using EMDR therapy to treat our Inner Gallery of Roles has brought together the best of reprocessing and role therapy for trauma and painful memories. Written for the layperson and full of snippets from the author’s case studies, it will give readers information about emotional trauma and why we should treat it. In a fun, entertaining and yet informative manner, it illustrates how our inner roles run our lives – for better or for worse. The purpose of this book is to help identify and clarify the existence of our Inner Gallery of roles – those who live inside all of us and that drive many aspects of our lives, such as the Scaredy-Cat, the Adolescent in Crisis, the Liar (that even lies to myself!), and the Inner Doctor. We will see how these roles are born and develop within, their functions and interactions in our lives, and how to heal the wounded ones, so that we can lead more fulfilling lives. We can also learn how to celebrate those roles that build us up and move us forward in life, and serve as positive resources when we need them. Although Role Theory is an integral part of Psychodrama the special emphasis in this healing process is on EMDR, a new reprocessing therapy developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro. We tie together all of these aspects in order to help our Inner Gallery of roles develop “good neighborhood policies” and live in greater harmony and health. In this book we will explain how roles develop inside of us and how trauma and painful memories keep our roles from proper development as we grow up.

Keywords: Inner Gallery of Roles

Accuracy Verified: Yes

366. Shapiro, F., Hurley, E. C., de Roos, C., Horst, F., de Jongh, A., & Hornsveld, H. (2013, April). Current research on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Presentation at the Anxiety Disorders and Depression Conference, La Jolla, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR therapy is widely recognized as an empirically supported trauma treatment and was given an “A” rating in the most recent practice guidelines of both the DVA/DOD and the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Meta-analytic findings report similar effect sizes for trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and EMDR therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there are distinct differences between the two modalities in both theory and practice. Unlike TF-CBT exposure therapies, with EMDR therapy there is only intermittent attention to the index trauma, homework is not required and detailed descriptions of the memory are not needed. Further, the eye movement component has been the subject of more than 20 randomized controlled trials that have reported positive effects supporting both working memory and orienting response/REM hypotheses. These effects include a rapid decrease in physiological arousal and negative emotion, as well as increased episodic memory retrieval and recognition of true information. Videotaped clinical sessions will illustrate these findings, as well as the differences between EMDR therapy and prolonged exposure.

Keywords: Practice Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

367. Maxfield, L. (2007). Current status and future directions for EMDR research. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 6-14. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.6.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This review provides the groundwork for a basic understanding of articles written about eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), including a brief overview of theory and practice. It documents EMDR's established efficacy in the treatment of PTSD and specifies specific subsets of this population in need of further investigation. The article also provides a review of recent studies evaluating a range of EMDR's clinical applications and outlines new directions for research investigations and for developments in clinical practice. It concludes with an overview of current research evaluating pre- and post-neurobiological changes, and mechanisms of action. Specific recommendations for future areas of investigations are outlined, and rigorous evaluation is strongly encouraged. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Efficacy Information Processing Literature Review Mechanism of Action Research Needs Review Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

368. Spector, J., & Read, J. (1999, July). The current status of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6(3), 165-174. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199907).

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) has increasingly been proposed as an effective therapeutic procedure for post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems. However, views on EMDR in the research literature have been polarized. Reasons for this are explored as is the nature and theoretical basis of EMDR. Fifteen controlled studies thus far published on EMDR and PTSD are reviewed, and it is concluded that (i) EMDR is an effective psychotherapy, (ii) EMDR's relative efficacy in comparison to behavioural exposure therapies has yet to be established, (iii) the role of eye movements and laterality in attentional focus remains controversial and (iv) a direct link between the theoretical basis of the therapy and observable psychological and neurobiological changes has yet to be established. [Wiley]

Keywords: Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Reprocessing Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

369. Oppenheim, H.-J. (2010, June). The cutting must stop: A way out of the stabilisation versus reprocessing paradox with a DID-patient. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this workshop I will discuss and illustrate by video fragments, the steps of trauma reprocessing with a very instable DID patient. The patient was suffering from sudden severe self-cutting that took place outside the patient's own consciousness. It was clear that an Emotional part of the Personality (EP) was tormented by a severe trauma, and in response, acted very aggressively. Because of the great danger of self-harm, which man could become life-threatening, the cutting had to be stopped as soon as possible. Therapist and patient were trapped in the well known paradox: to reprocess the trauma there had to be enough stability, but to create enough stability the trauma had to be solved. It was clear that in this period of her life the patient couldn't bear any trauma reprocessing. This workshop offers a way out of this paradox. I will show how to establish enough safety for all the parts of the personality who are involved, increasing two of the Apparently Normal parts of the Personality (ANP's). For one of the ANP's, safety meant that she didn't have to witness the story about the trauma, she still didn't know. The workshop will demonstrate how to establish a working alliance with the aggressive part (EP) who is indirectly responsible for the severe cutting. Finally, after all these preparations, the trauma reprocessing by using EMDR on this EP can be started. The participants will learn: a. How to work from a Structural Dissociation view. The importance of an active attitude for the therapist, like a film director, in getting in contact and working together with the different parts of the personality, to reach the necessary goal; c. That trauma processing is at least partly possible in absence of the 'main part' of the personality which can contribute to stabilization in order to reprocess the trauma completely. been This workshop provides an opportunity to escape from the ]paradox: reprocessing a trauma requires stability but stability ]requires a reprocessed trauma. It is always thought that for reprocessing a trauma the ONP('s) must be involved, This workshop will show that if only parts of the personality, without the ANP, undergo the reprocessing, it can lead to a remarkable reduction of dangerous symptoms. The completing of the trauma reprocessing with the ANP can be postponed to the moment that the patient feels sufficiently stable.

Keywords: DID Dissociatve Identity Disorder Stabilization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

370. Oppenheim, H.-J. (2012, March). The cutting must stop: a way out of the stabilisation versus reprocessing paradox with a DID-patient and the use of EMDR. Presentation at the 3rd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Berlin, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Stablilzation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

371. Cook, J. (2003, November 5). Dallaire's demons. Canada: National Post, Editorials, A17.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
It is also true that there are at least three relatively new therapies widely practised in North America which can help expedite relief for PTSD sufferers. These therapies are: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro; Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) developed by Frank A. Gerbode, M.D.; and even a Christian version, TheoPhostic Ministry (TPM) developed by Dr. Ed Smith.

Keywords: Editorial General Letter Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

372. Gomez, A. M. (2009). Dark, bad day...go away!. Author.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Dark, Bad, Day...Go Away! is a lovely little story about two little dogs who have experienced some kind of traumatic experience. They are going through all sorts of awful emotions ranging from anxiety to self blame. The book never goes into detail of what the awful thing that happened was, but it does explain the way the brain deals (or doesn't deal) with trauma in an easy to understand way. It then goes on to explain EMDR therapy and what the child might experience if he or she under goes the treatment. This is a wonderful book for child therapists who make use of this therapy technique. It can spur discussion and reduce confusion and worry about starting a new course of therapy. It helps parents understand too!
•Explains trauma and EMDR in terms children can understand. •Motivates children to embrace trauma using EMDR. •Prepares children for EMDR trauma reprocessing so the likelihood of children stopping EMDR prematurely is reduced. •Makes EMDR accessible to children by showing what EMDR is, how it works, and how it can be helpful.

Keywords: Children Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

373. Egli-Bernd, H. (2012, Januar). Das neue EMDR dialog‐protokoll, die kognitionen und ihre zentrale bedeutung bei der EMDR arbeit mit komplexen problemstellungen [The new dialogue EMDR protocol: The cognitions and their central role in the EMDR work with complex problems]. Präsentation am Institut für Traumazentrierte Therapie und Beratung, Zürich.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass die erfolgreiche Arbeit mit EMDR häufig wesentlich von der treffenden und emotional bedeutungsvollen Wahl der Kognitionen abhängt. Die Erfahrung zeigt aber ebenfalls, dass diese richtige Auswahl oft zur schwierigen Hürde werden kann beim Einstieg in komplexe EMDR‐Arbeit in Phase 3, und zwar nicht nur für AnfängerInnen, sondern auch für erfahrene EMDR TherapeutInnen. Dies vor allem dann, wenn der Fokus der Arbeit nicht auf klar definierten klassischen traumatischen Einzelereignissen, sondern auf komplexen, frühen Lebensthemen liegt. Das Herausarbeiten tiefgreifender, emotional bedeutsamer Kognitionen fällt bei solchen Themen den Betroffenen oft besonders schwer. Diese Situation erzeugt häufig Verunsicherung bei den Klienten und Therapeuten und stellt eine Herausforderung für die erfolgreiche und effiziente Anwendung von EMDR dar. Mittlerweile ist in der Bindungs‐ und Traumaforschung herausgearbeitet worden, dass frühe Störungen sehr häufig eine dissoziative Struktur bei den Betroffenen zur Folge haben. Wir müssen also davon ausgehen, dass es in diesen Fällen auch um eine „subtile“ Dissoziation geht, die sich bei der EMDR Arbeit in Phase 3 u.a. durch Probleme mit der Erarbeitung der Kognitionen manifestieren kann. In den letzten Jahren habe ich das EMDR Dialog‐Protokoll entwickelt, das den Umgang mit solch komplexen EMDR Situationen in der Phase 3 wesentlich erleichtert. Im Oktober 2009 wurde eine Kurzversion meiner Arbeit zu diesem speziellen EMDR Protokoll im deutschen EMDR Rundbrief veröffentlicht und im August 2011 wird eine englische Übersetzung im EMDR Journal for Research & Practice veröffentlicht. Der Workshop soll einerseits die Bedeutung der Kognitionen für die erfolgreiche EMDR Arbeit nochmals klären sowie die dazugehörigen theoretischen Grundlagen aus der Neurobiologie, der Bindungstheorie und den Theorien der Strukturellen Dissoziation und Ego‐State Theorie zusammenfassen. Sodann wird das Dialog‐Protokoll im Detail erläutert und mittels Fallbeispielen in der praktischen Anwendung dargestellt. Ein praktischer Teil des Workshops ist dem Üben von Phase 3 mit dem Dialogprotokoll vorbehalten. Die TeilnehmerInnen sollen anhand von konkreten eigenen Beispielen die Phase 3 mit Anwendung des Dialog‐ Protokolls üben, um für die Praxis eine auf Selbsterfahrung basierende praktische Erfahrung mitzunehmen. Es geht dabei um das Erfassen von Phase 3 bis zum VOC, nicht um eine komplette Selbsterfahrung mit EMDR. Dabei soll die emotionale Relevanz der stimmigen und tiefgreifenden Kognition erfahrbar werden. Wenn es der zeitliche Rahmen erlaubt, können eigene Fälle zur Diskussion gestellt werden. Der Workshop soll eine kollegiale Diskussion von Problemen in der EMDR Anwendung ermöglichen und neue Perspektiven eröffnen helfen.

Experience shows that successful work often with EMDR significantly taken from and emotionally meaningful choice of cognition depends. But experience shows also that these Proper selection can often be difficult to hurdle in entering complex EMDR work in phase 3, and not only for beginners but also for experienced EMDR therapists. This especially when the focus of the work of non-traumatic on clearly defined classical Individual events, but on complex, early-life subjects. Working out of profound, emotionally meaningful cognition falls on such topics stakeholders often particularly difficult. This Situation often creates uncertainty among clients and therapists and offers a challenge represents for the successful and efficient use of EMDR Meanwhile, it has been worked into the binding and trauma research that very early interference often have a dissociative structure among those affected the result. We must therefore assume that in these cases, a "subtle" dissociation is, among other things, at the EMDR work in phase 3 may be manifested by problems with the development of cognition. In recent years I have developed the dialogue EMDR protocol, how to deal with such complex EMDR situations in phase 3 easier. In October 2009, a short version of my Work on this specific EMDR protocol in German newsletter published EMDR and in August 2011 an English translation of the EMDR Journal for Research & Practice is published. The workshop on the one hand the importance of cognition in the successful EMDR should work again and clarify the related theoretical principles from neurobiology, attachment theory and summarize the theories of Structural Dissociation and ego state theory. Then, the Dialog protocol described in detail and illustrated using case studies in practical applications. A practical part of the workshop is reserved for the practice of dialogue with the Phase 3 protocol. The By means of concrete examples to own participants, phase 3 of the dialogue with application- Exercise protocol in order for the practice to bring a hands-on experience based on personal experience. This involves having to capturing phase 3 to the VOC, not a complete self-awareness EMDR. It is the emotional relevance of coherent and profound cognition can be experienced. If it is the time frame allowed to own cases are presented for discussion. The workshop should enable a collegial discussion of issues in application of EMDR and new perspectives help open up.

Keywords: Cognitions Dialogue Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

374. Elling, M. (2009, Februari). Databank effectieve jeugdinterventies (testversie): Beschrijving ´Eye movement desensitization & reprocessing (EMDR)' [Database of effective youth interventions (test version): Description of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Utrecht: NIZW. Ontvangen van http://www.nji.nl/eCache/DEF/37/990.cmVjb3JkbnI9MTc.html op 1/26/2010.

Language: Dutch

Format: Other

Abstract:
Verwerking van herinneringen aan identificeerbare traumatische ervaringen. Hierdoor kunnen klachten, die zijn ontstaan als gevolg van die herinneringen en het lijden dat daarmee gepaard gaat, worden verminderd.

Processing of memories of traumatic experiences identifiable. This enables complaints that have arisen as a result of those memories and the suffering that goes with it are reduced.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

375. de Jongh, A. & ten Broeke, E. (2007). De behandeling met EMDR: Informatie voor cliënten [Treatment with EMDR (information for clients)]. Psychopraxis, 9(1), 36-38. doi:10.1007/BF03072328.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
. Bijlage GGZ Voorlichting.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, afgekort tot EMDR, is een therapie voor mensen die last blijven houden van de gevolgen van een schokkende ervaring, zoals een verkeersongeval of een geweldsmisdrijf. Het is een relatief nieuwe therapie. Een eerste versie ervan werd in 1989 beschreven door de ontwikkelaarster ervan, de Amerikaanse psychologe Francine Shapiro. In de jaren daarna werd deze procedure verder uitgewerkt en ontwikkelde EMDR zich tot een volwaardige en effi ciënte therapeutische methode. In deze bijdrage zullen we deze methode nader bespreken.

Mental Health Information annex.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR for short, is a therapy for sufferers remain account the effects of a shocking experience as a traffic accident or a violent crime. It is a relatively new therapy. A first version was described in 1989 by its developer claims, the U.S. psychologist Francine Shapiro. In subsequent years, this procedure was further elaborated and developed EMDR is a full and to establish efficient therapeutic method. In this paper we will approach further discussion.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

376. Jongedijk, R. A., Gersons, B. P. R., & ter Heide, F. J. J. (2011, April). De behandeling van complexe PTSS-patiënten [The treatment of complex PTSD patients]. Presentatie op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Vooral bij de behandeling van de complexere patiënten met een posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTTS) worden niet altijd de evidence-based behandelvormen toegepast zoals die zijn beschreven in de richtlijnen. Vaak worden slecht gedefinieerde stabilisatietechnieken toegepast, veelal gecombineerd met farmacotherapie. In deze bijblijfsessie zullen een drietal traumagerichte psychotherapeutische behandelvormen worden gepresenteerd, met speciale aandacht voor complexe ptss-patiënten. Dit zijn de narratieve exposure therapy (NET), het Kort Eclectisch Protocol voor PTSS (KEP) en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Betoogd zal worden, dat ook bij complex getraumatiseerde patiënten heel goed met net, kep of emdr traumagerichte behandeling kan plaatsvinden en dat dit doorgaans de voorkeur verdient boven andere behandelmethoden. Wel zijn soms aanpassingen in de therapievorm noodzakelijk. Bij deze aanpassingen zal worden stilgestaan. leerdoel Aan het einde van de sessie wordt de deelnemer geacht goed op de hoogte te zijn van drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss; en kennis te hebben van de mogelijkheden om ook bij complexere patiënten deze traumagerichte behandelingen uit te voeren.

Especially in the treatment of complex patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTTS) are not always evidence-based forms of treatment applied as described in the guidelines. Often poorly defined stabilization techniques, often combined with pharmacotherapy. This will bijblijfsessie three trauma-focused psychotherapeutic treatment modalities are presented, with special attention Complex PTSD patients. These are the narrative exposure therapy (NET), the Short Eclectic Protocol for PTSD (SEP) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Will be argued that, even in complex traumatized patients with very good network, kep or EMDR trauma-focused treatment place and that it is generally preferred appropriate than other treatments. Or adjustments are sometimes necessary in the form of therapy. Such adjustments will be considered. Learning Objectives At the end of the session the participant is deemed to be well informed of three evidence-based treatments for PTSD, and be aware of the possibilities even under these complex patients, trauma-focused treatments prior to arrival.

Keywords: Narrative Exposure Therapy NET SEP Short Eclectic Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

377. Jongedijk, R. A., Gersons, B. P. R., & ter Heide, F. J. J. (2011, Het Voorjaar). De behandeling van complexe ptss-patiënten: Traumagerichte therapieën [The treatment of complex PTSD patients: Trauma-focused therapies]. Presentatie op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam .

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Bij de behandeling van complexe ptss-patiënten wordt niet altijd de evidence- based behandeling toegepast, zoals die wordt beschreven in de richtlijnen. Doorgaans is de mening, dat stabilisatie het enige mogelijke is vanwege gevaar voor psychische decompensatie. Inmiddels is voldoende evidentie, dat traumagerichte therapieën ook bij complexe ptsspatiënten mogelijk en effectief zijn. Doel: In deze bijblijfsessie zal worden betoogd, dat evidence-based traumagerichte behandeling bij complexe ptss-patiënten mogelijk en wenselijk is. Aandacht zal worden besteed aan moeilijkheden en mogelijkheden bij deze groep patiënten. Methoden: Na een algemene inleiding over de richtlijnen voor psychotherapeutische behandeling van ptss en over complexe ptss (R. Jongedijk), zullen vervolgens presentaties worden gegeven over drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss, te weten het Kort Eclectisch Protocol voor ptss (kep; B. Gersons), narratieve exposure therapy (net; R. Jongedijk) en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr; J. ter Heide). Expliciet zal worden ingegaan op de moeilijkheden en mogelijkheden van deze therapievormen bij complexe ptss-patiënten. De aanpassingen in de behandeling voor deze groep patiënten zal worden besproken. Na de voordrachten zal er tijd zijn voor vragen en discussie. Resultaten: Er is een duidelijk overzicht gegeven van drie evidence-based psychotherapievormen voor ptss. Voor de complexe groep ptss-patiënten zijn de eventuele aanpassingen aan de standaardprocedures van de behandeling aan bod gekomen. Aangetoond is dat deze behandelvormen goed toepasbaar zijn bij complexe ptss-patiënten. Conclusie: Evidence-based behandeling van complexe ptss-patiënten door middel van traumagerichte psychotherapie heeft doorgaans de voorkeur. De deelnemer van de bijblijfsessie heeft kennis genomen van drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss en kent de moeilijkheden en mogelijkheden om deze toe te passen bij complexe ptss-patiënten.

In the treatment of complex PTSD patients is not always evidence-based treatment applied as described in the guidelines. Typically, the view that stabilization is the only possible because of risk of psychological decompensation. Meanwhile, sufficient evidence that trauma-focused therapies even for complex ptsspatiënten possible and effective. Purpose: This bijblijfsessie will be argued that evidence-based trauma-focused treatment for complex PTSD patients is possible and desirable. Consideration will be given to problems and opportunities in this patient group. Methods: After a general introduction about the guidelines for psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD and complex PTSD (R. Jongedijk) will then presentations are given on three evidence-based treatments for PTSD, namely the short Eclectic Protocol for PTSD (kep; B . Gersons), narrative exposure therapy (net; R. Jongedijk) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR, J. Heide). Will explicitly address the difficulties and possibilities of this therapy are patients with complex PTSD. The adjustments in the treatment of these patients will be discussed. After the presentations there will be time for questions and discussion. Results: There is a clear overview of three evidence-based forms of psychotherapy for PTSD. For the complex group of PTSD patients, the adjustments to the standard procedures of treatment addressed. It has been demonstrated that these therapies are well applicable for complex PTSD patients. Conclusion: Evidence-based treatment of complex PTSD patients by trauma-focused psychotherapy is usually preferred. The participant of bijblijfsessie has noted three evidence-based treatments for PTSD and knows the difficulties and possibilities to apply it in complex PTSD patients.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

378. Scharwachter, P. (2001). De behandeling van een vrouw met meermalige traumatisering in één zitting met emdr Behandeling meermalige traumatisering [The treatment of a woman with multiple trauma with EMDR treatment session in a multiple trauma]. Directieve Therapie, 21(3), 210-218. doi:10.1007/BF03060258.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In de literatuur over Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (emdr ) wordt bericht dat een succesvolle traumabehandeling in één therapiezitting mogelijk is. Dit geldt met name voor eenmalige traumatisering. Dit artikel belicht een succesvolle traumabehandeling met emdr, in één zitting van anderhalf uur, bij een vrouw die in haar adolescentie herhaaldelijk seksueel is misbruikt. Bij de twee follow-ups na twee weken en zes maanden bleven de behandelingsresultaten gehandhaafd.

The literature on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is reported that a successful trauma treatment in a therapy session is possible. This is particularly true for single traumatization. This article highlights a successful EMDR trauma treatment, within a half hour session, a woman who repeatedly sexually abused her adolescence. In two follow-ups after two weeks and six months the treatment results were maintained.

Keywords: Case Study Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

379. Jongedijk, R. A., Gersons, B. P. R., & ter Heide, F. J. J. (2010). De behandeling van patiënten met PTSS met narrative exposure therapy, het kort eclectisch protocol voor PTSS en eye movement desensitisation [The treatment of patients with PTSD narrative exposure therapy, the short protocol for PTSD and eclectic eye movement desensitisation]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie 52(4), 4.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Achtergrond: Bij de behandeling van patiënten met een posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss) worden niet altijd de evidence-based behandelvormen toegepast zoals beschreven in de richtlijnen en in de literatuur. Vooral bij de complexere traumapatiënten worden regelmatig alleen stabilisatietechnieken en/of farmacotherapie toegepast. Doel: In deze bijblijfsessie wordt betoogd dat evidence-based traumagerichte behandeling mogelijk en wenselijk is, ook bij veel complexe patiënten die te maken hebben gehad met oorlog, vervolging, geweld en/of beroepsgerelateerd trauma. Methoden: Er zullen drie voordrachten worden gegeven, met daarna discussie, door drie specialisten in de behandeling van ptss. De voordrachten zullen drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss illustreren, te weten narrative exposure therapy (net), het Kort Eclectisch Protocol voor ptss (kep) en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr). Resultaten: De drie getoonde behandelvormen zijn goed toepasbaar en effectief bij patiënten met een ptss. Dit zal worden aangetoond met behulp van theoretische uitgangspunten, ervaringen uit de klinische praktijk en onderzoeksgegevens. Conclusie: Behandeling van complexe traumapatiënten met ptss door middel van traumagerichte psychotherapie heeft doorgaans de voorkeur. De deelnemer van de bijblijfsessie heeft kennisgenomen van drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss.

Background: In the treatment of patients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not always evidence-based treatment as described in the application forms and guidelines in the literature. Especially with complex trauma patients are frequently only stabilization techniques and /or pharmacotherapy used. This goal bijblijfsessie is argued that evidence-based trauma-focused treatment is possible and desirable, even with many complex patients who have experienced war, persecution, violence and / or job-related trauma. Methods: will be given three nominations, followed by discussion, by three specialists in the treatment of PTSD. The presentations will be three evidence-based treatments for PTSD illustrate, namely narrative exposure therapy (NET), the Short PTSD Eclectic Protocol (KEP) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). The results shown three forms of treatment are well applicable and effective in patients with PTSD. This will be demonstrated using theoretical assumptions, experiences from clinical practice and research. Opinion Treatment of complex trauma patients with PTSD using trauma-focused psychotherapy is usually preferred. The participant of bijblijfsessie has noted three evidence-based treatments for PTSD.

Keywords: Narrative Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

380. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1996). De behandeling van specifieke fobieën met eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Een gecontroleerde studie. Directieve Therapie, 16(1), 1-5. doi:10.1007/BF03060128.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In deze studie werd onderzocht of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) van nut kan zijn bij het behandelen van een specifieke fobie. De studie bestond uit twee fasen. Tijdens de eerste fase werden spinfobici toegewezen aan drie onderzoeksgroepen: een EMDR groep, een imaginaire exposure groep of een controlegroep die geen behandeling ontving. De behandeling werd geëvalueerd met een gestandaardiseerde gedragstest waarbij de fobici werd verzocht het gevreesde object (i.c. spin) zo dicht mogelijk te benaderen. Geen van de drie groepen – dus ook de EMDR–groep niet – boekte vooruitgang. De exposure in vivo behandeling, die alle fobici tijdens de tweede fase van het onderzoek ontvingen, leidde daarentegen wel tot een significante verbetering op de gedragstest.

This study investigated whether Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can be useful in treating a specific phobia. The study consisted of two phases. During the first phase spinfobici assigned to three research groups: one group of EMDR, an imaginary exposure group or a control group that received no treatment. Treatment was evaluated with a standardized behavioral test in which the phobic invited the feared object (ie spin) as close as possible to approach. None of the three groups - including the EMDR group did not - made progress. Exposure in vivo treatment, all phobic during the second phase of the study, led however to a significant improvement on the behavioral test.

Keywords: Specific Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

381. Leenarts, L. E. W., Doreleijers, Th. A. H., Lindauer, R. J. L., Lodewijks, H. P. B., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2011, April). De effectiviteit van een traumabehandeling bij getraumatiseerde meisjes in gesloten jeugdinstellingen [The effectiveness of trauma treatment in traumatized girls in closed juvenile institutions]. Symposia op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam .

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Achtergrond: Uit onderzoek blijkt dat in jeugdzorginstellingen geplaatste meisjes vaak getraumatiseerd zijn en mede hierdoor ernstige problemen vertonen in het verdere leven. Onderzoek (Hamerlynck 2008) toont aan dat 85% van de meisjes een of meer trauma’s heeft meegemaakt en dat dit gerelateerd is aan zowel openlijke als heimelijke agressie. Hieruit blijkt de noodzaak om meisjes in jeugdzorginstellingen bij opname te onderzoeken op trauma en agressie, ze te behandelen en om traumabehandelingen te onderzoeken op hun effectiviteit en op de gevolgen op lange termijn. Doel: Het doel van het huidige onderzoek is de effecten vast te stellen van een traumabehandeling bij meisjes die in een jeugdzorg-plusinstelling geplaatst zijn. De behandeling die geëvalueerd wordt, is een stabilisatiefase (met als doel het reduceren van traumagerelateerde klachten) aangevuld met eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr). Methoden: Gebruik wordt gemaakt van een quasi-experimenteel onderzoeksdesign. De experimentele groep bestaat uit meisjes die hebben deelgenomen aan de stabilisatiefase gevolgd door emdr. De controlegroep bestaat uit meisjes die treatment as usual (tau) ontvangen. Verschillende meetmomenten zullen plaatsvinden. De Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ( ctq) wordt gebruikt om traumageschiedenis te onderzoeken en de Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (tscc) wordt gebruikt om traumaklachten te bevragen. Resultaten: Tijdens het Voorjaarscongres zullen de eerste resultaten bekend zijn en gepresenteerd worden. Conclusie: Op basis van literatuur kan verondersteld worden dat een geprotocolleerde stabilisatiefase gevolgd door emdr effectiever is in de reductie van traumagerelateerde klachten dan tau bij meisjes in gesloten jeugdzorginstellingen.

Background: Research shows that girls are often placed in youth welfare institutions traumatized and because of this serious exhibit problems later in life. Research (Hamerlynck 2008) shows that 85% of the one or more girls experienced trauma and that this is related to both overt and covert aggression. This highlights the need to girls in child welfare institutions in recording research on trauma and aggression, treat them and trauma treatments to investigate their effectiveness and the long-term consequences. Purpose: The aim of the present study to determine the effects of trauma treatment girls in a youth-plus set placed. The treatment evaluated, a stabilization phase (with the aim of reducing trauma-related symptoms) supplemented with Eye Movement Desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Methods: Use is made of a quasi-experimental research design. The experimental group consists of girls who have participated in the stabilization phase followed by EMDR. The control group consists of girls that treatment as usual (TAU) received. Various measurement points will occur. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is used to examine trauma history and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) is used to search for trauma symptoms. Results: During the Spring Congress the first results are known and presented. Conclusion: Based on literature can believed that food allergies stabilization phase followed by EMDR is more effective in reducing trauma-related symptoms than tau girls in secure youth institutions.

Keywords: Girls Juvenile Insitutions Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

382. Ligeon, S. N. (2011). De invloed van oogbewegingen en klikjes op de naarheid en levendigheid van negatieve herinneringen [The influence of eye movements and clicks into the nature and vibrancy of negative memories]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a widely applied therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this therapy patients make eye movements while recalling traumatic memories. It is suggested that EMDR taxes working memory and this reduces ratings of the vividness and emotionality of traumatic memories. Although this has been studied extensively for the effectiveness of eye movements, research on bilateral beeps is scarce. Whit a sample of 42 students we compared the effectiveness of eye movements and bilateral beeps. Results indicate that eye movements are more effective in reducing vividness and emotionality of negative memories. Indirectly testing a mechanism proposed by the Working Memory Theory, we found that participants with a larger working memory focused their attention more on the memory as compared to students with a smaller working memory. In sum we conclude that bilateral beeps are inferior to eye movements in the reduction of vividness and emotionality of memories

Keywords: Intrusive Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Startle Reflex Working Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

383. de Roos, C., & Beer, R. (2010). De kracht van een behandeling: EMDR bij kinderen en jeugdigen [The strength of a treatment: EMDR with children and youth]. Cogiscope, 2(10), 28-31.

Language: Dutch

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Welke gezichten gaan er schuil achter de hardwerkende behandelaren van psychotrauma, wat zijn hun drijfveren, waarom kozen ze voor het vak en waar zijn ze door beïnvloed? Eli ten Lohuis interviewt psychotherapeuten Carlijn de Roos en Renée Beer, pioniers in het toepasbaar maken van de behandelmethode Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) voor kinderen en jeugdigen. Carlijn de Roos is klinisch en kinder- en jeugdpsycholoog. Zij werkt sinds 2000 bij GGZ Kinderen en Jeugd, Rivierduinen te Leiden, waar zij coördinator is van het door haar opgerichte Psychotraumacentrum. Tevens richtte zij mede de Vereniging EMDR Nederland (VEN) op, waarvan zij thans voorzitter is. Renée Beer, ook klinisch en kinder- en jeugdpsycholoog en gedragstherapeut, werkt als coördinator van het Centrum voor Traumagerelateerde Stoornissen van De Bascule, Academisch Centrum voor Kinder- en Jeugdpsychiatrie, te Amsterdam.

Which faces are hidden behind the hardworking practitioners of psychological trauma, what are their motivations, why they chose the profession and where they are by affected? Eli at Lohuis interviews psychotherapists Carlijn the Rose and Renee Beer, pioneers in the applicability of the treatment method Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for children and adolescents. Carlijn the Rose is a clinical psychologist and child and youth. She works since 2000 Mental Health Children and Youth, Rivierduinen Leiden, where she is coordinator of the by its established Psychotrauma Center. Also, she founded the Association co EMDR Netherlands (VEN), of which she now chairs. Renee Beer, and also clinical child and adolescent psychologist and behavioral therapist, works as coordinator of the Center for Trauma Related Disorders of the Bascule, Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam.

Keywords: Adolescents Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

384. Black, J., & Gauvreau, P. (2010, Avril/Mai). De la problématique, à la cible, à la désensibilisation [Of the problem, the target, the desensitization]. Atelier présenté à la réunion annuelle de l'EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Il peut être parfois un défi pour les thérapeutes EMDR à aider les clients à identifier les cibles de travail EMDR lorsque la personne se présente avec un problématique généralisée ou des enjeux « non-traumatiques » par exemple, certains associés à l’estime personnel, l’affirmation de soi, les habiletés relationnelles pour lesquelles des événements traumatiques « petits-t » où les liens ou expériences à cibler ne sont pas facilement identifiables. Cet atelier à pour objectif de permettre aux cliniciens à mieux aider leur clients à préciser d’avantage les enjeux et les cibles de travail potentielles avec l’EMDR; ainsi que de faciliter à ce que le client puisse, à partir de la problématique, de la cible et de l’image, mieux trouver les cognitions/croyances négatives activées. Dans ce processus, on vise aussi à accentuer l’importance de la phase 1 (l’histoire de la personne). Également, l’atelier se penchera sur l’importance de bien identifier/cerner la croyance négative sous-jacente au moment d’amorcer le travail avec les cibles identifiées, afin de maximiser les effets du retraitement et de favoriser la généralisation. À travers des présentations didactiques, des vignettes cliniques et des exercices de groupes, les participant(e)s pourront développer des stratégies pour mieux conceptualiser les plans de traitement EMDR avec ces types de problématiques. Également, les cliniciens seront amenés à réfléchir sur les thèmes des enjeux travaillés et leurs liens avec les cognitions négatives identifiées, sous les thèmes de responsabilité, sécurité et choix personnel. (Tous les niveaux)

It can sometimes be a challenge for EMDR therapists to help clients identify targets EMDR work when the person presents with a widespread issue or issues "non-traumatic" for example, some associated with the estimated personnel, assertiveness, interpersonal skills for which the traumatic events "small-t" which links or targeting experiments are not easily identifiable. This workshop aims to enable clinicians to better help their clients to clarify issues and benefit the target potential working with EMDR, as well as to facilitate the client can, using the issue of and the target image, find the best cognitions / beliefs turned negative. In this process, it also aims to highlight the importance of phase one (the story of the person). Also, the workshop will focus on the importance of identifying / understanding the underlying negative belief at the time to begin work with the targets identified in order to maximize the effects of reprocessing and to promote generalization. Through didactic presentations, clinical vignettes and group exercises, the participant (s) will develop strategies to better conceptualize the EMDR treatment plans with these types of issues. Also, clinicians will need to reflect on themes and issues worked their links with negative cognitions

Keywords: Target

Accuracy Verified: Yes

385. Staff. (2007). De nieuwe hamer van de psychologen [The new hammer of the psychologists]. TBV – Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde, 15(10), 469. doi:10.1007/BF03074666.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Enkele jaren geleden deed de EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) haar intrede in de behandeling van psychotrauma’s. Deze methode was hoewel niet geheel begrepen qua mechanisme ontegenzeggelijk spectaculair qua resultaat door de snelle vermindering van de klachten. In korte tijd was de klassieke langdurige PTSS-behandeling obsoleet geworden.

A few years ago, the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) entered the treatment psychotrauma's. This method was not fully understood in terms of mechanism, although unquestionably spectacular in terms of results due to the rapid reduction of symptoms. In a short time was the classic long-term PTSD treatment has become obsolete.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

386. van Eijk, M. & ter Braak, A. (2008, Maart). De noodkreet van het lijf: Het lichaam spreekt [The cry of the body: The body speaks]. Presentatie aan de derde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
De gevolgen van psychotrauma manifesteren zich in de meeste gevallen in de vorm van herbelevingen, vermijding, emotionele ontregeling, concentratiestoornissen en dergelijke. Lichamelijke klachten worden inmiddels ook steeds vaker herkend als een van de gevolgen van PTSS. In deze workshop wordt naast aandacht voor de theoretische achtergrond van psychofysiologische reacties, ingegaan op wat men als EMDR- therapeut in de praktijk kan tegenkomen: dit kan variëren van selectief mutisme tot stigmata en van verlammingsverschijnselen tot visus uitval. Een en ander wordt geïllustreerd aan de hand van voorbeelden en videomateriaal.

The effects of psychotrauma manifest themselves in most cases in the form of reexperiencing, avoidance, emotional disturbance, impaired concentration and the like. Physical symptoms are also now increasingly being recognized as one of the effects of PTSD. This workshop will next focus on the theoretical background of psycho-physiological responses, discuss what they like EMDR therapist in practice may encounter: this may range from selective mutism to stigmata and paralysis to vision loss. This is illustrated by examples and video material.

Keywords: Body Psychophysiological Responses Somatic

Accuracy Verified: Yes

387. Rassin, E., Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1996). De pijndempende werking van eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is beperkt [The pain attenuation of EMDR is limited]. Directieve Therapie, 16(3), 274-284. doi:10.1007/BF03060149.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) werd in 1989 door Shapiro geïntroduceerd als een therapeutische techniek voor Posttraumatische stress–stoornis (PTSS). Sindsdien hebben diverse EMDR–;therapeuten geopperd dat deze interventie ook toepasbaar is bij andere trauma–gerelateerde klachten. In een studie van Hekmat, Groth en Rogers (1994) is geclaimd dat EMDR effectief is bij de behandeling van pijn. In het onderhavige onderzoek is deze claim verder onderzocht. Daartoe werden 45 gezonde vrijwilligers onderworpen aan 8 elektrische prikkels. De proefpersonen werden verdeeld over 3 groepen: een groep die behandeld werd met EMDR, een groep die ter afleiding van de prikkels naar een cartoon keek, en een controlegroep waarbij geen verdere interventie werd uitgevoerd. Zowel fysiologische als subjectieve reacties op de pijnprikkels werden geregistreerd. Op geen enkele effectmaat werden verschillen tussen de drie groepen gevonden. In de discussie wordt dit resultaat in een breder perspectief geplaatst.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced by Shapiro in 1989 as a therapeutic technique for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since then several EMDR, therapists suggested that this intervention is also applicable to other trauma-related symptoms. In a study by Hekmat, Groth and Rogers (1994) has claimed that EMDR is effective in treating pain. In the present study further investigated this claim. For this purpose, 45 healthy volunteers subjected to 8 electrical stimuli. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: one group treated with EMDR, a group that as a distraction from the stimuli to a cartoon look, and a control group with no further intervention was performed. Both physiological and subjective responses to pain stimuli were recorded. In no effect size differences were found between the three groups. In the discussion, this results in a wider perspective.

Keywords: Pain Attenuation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

388. Jaspers, J. (2011, May). De relatie tussen wetenschap en klinische praktijk [The relationship between science and clinical practice]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 32(2), 59-60. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0016-6.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
De discussie over mindfulness die in het vorige nummer van Psychologie & Gezondheid is gevoerd, wordt in dit nummer voortgezet. Frank Vernooij reageert op de eerdere bijdragen vanuit zijn klinische ervaring metmindfulnessmeditatietraining (MTT). Hij relativeert de bijdrage die vanuit de wetenschap kan worden geleverd aan de klinische praktijk in het algemeen en aan het vaststellen van de waarde en effectiviteit van mindfulness in het bijzonder. Ook in het vorige nummer werd door Maya Schroevers en haar collega’s en door Ivan Nyklíček het effectonderzoek naar MTT al positiever ingeschat dan door Remco Havermans, maar Vernooij gaat nog een stapje verder. Hij lijkt de mogelijkheden van de wetenschap om uitspraken te doen over de klinische praktijk niet hoog in te schatten. Havermans vermoedt zelfs dat Vernooij hem beschuldigt van sciëntisme, de overtuiging dat wetenschap superieur is aan alle andere interpretaties van het leven. Havermans maakt glashelder waarom hij vindt dat wetenschap een cruciale rol vervult voor een op evidentie gebaseerde klinische praktijk. Tevens stelt hij nogmaals vast dat de evidentie voor MMT te wensen overlaat en dat ook het meest recente onderzoek, gepubliceerd in 2010 en 2011, dezelfde methodologische tekorten kent als eerder effectonderzoek naar MMT. De zoekterm ‘mindfulnesss’ leverde voor 2010 en 2011 weliswaar bijna 400 citaties op, maar hieronder vond hij slechts vijf relevante MMT-trials. Bij zijn beschrijving van deze trials stelt Havermans terloops vast dat hoge impactfactoren van tijdschriften niet garant staan voor kwalitatief het best mogelijke onderzoek. Dit laatste is mogelijk een troost voor Sandra Mulkens en andere Nederlandse onderzoekers die, geheel in de huidige academische traditie, zo hoog mogelijk proberen te scoren in Engelstalige wetenschappelijke tijdschriften, lees haar column in dit nummer. Naast effectonderzoek is onderzoek in de traditie van de experimentele psychopathologie (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) een beproefde manier om wetenschappelijke kennis te vergaren die van groot belang kan zijn voor de klinische praktijk. Het openingsartikel van dit nummer is hiervan een voorbeeld bij uitstek. Over de werkzame factoren van EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is veel gespeculeerd, maar nauwelijks iets bekend. Het onderzoek van Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard en collega’s heeft hierover een aannemelijk theoretisch model opgeleverd. De theorie dat belasting van het werkgeheugen een cruciale rol speelt bij het vervagen van negatieve en positieve herinneringen is door hen in een serie experimenten overtuigend aangetoond. Een van die experimenten wordt in het openingsartikel beschreven. De publicaties hierover (zowel Engelstalig als in het Nederlands) en de klinische implicaties die door de onderzoekers zijn geformuleerd, hebben tot veel reacties geleid. Gelet op de geschiedenis van EMDR in Nederland, met uitgesproken pleitbezorgers en criticasters, wekt dat wellicht weinig verbazing. In nummer 1 van Dth (Directieve therapie) van dit jaar reagerenWillen van der Does en Hellen Hornsveld op het model van Van den Hout en Engelhard en de consequenties ervan voor de klinische praktijk. Een opmerkelijke overeenkomst met de discussie over mindfulness is de verschillende interpretatie van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek, in dit geval de evidentie voor EMDR in vergelijking met cognitieve gedragstherapie (CGT): Van der Does (2011) meent dat EMDR net iets minder effectief is dan CGT, terwijl Hornsveld (2011) de conclusie trekt dat CGT, in het bijzonder imaginaire exposure, het aflegt tegen EMDR. Ook al waarschuwen beiden tegen al te snelle gevolgtrekkingen van dit experimenteel onderzoek bij niet-patiënten voor de klinische praktijk, nieuwe wetenschappelijke informatie lijkt vooral geïnterpreteerd te worden vanuit reeds eerder bestaande opvattingen en oordelen over EMDR en CGT. De suggestie van Van den Hout en Engelhard (2011) dat EMDR een gewone CGT-techniek kan worden, zal hen door de snel groeiende Vereniging EMDR Nederland niet in dank worden afgenomen, al hoopt Van der Does (2011) op decimering van het ledental. Al met al blijkt uit deze recente discussies het spanningsveld tussen wetenschap en klinische praktijk. De ontwikkelingen in de (klinische) psychologie, waarbij de kloof tussen wetenschappers en clinici alleen maar lijkt toe te nemen, onder andere omdat het door de toenemende specialisaties steeds moeilijker wordt voor psychologen om beide beroepsrollen te combineren, doen daar geen goed aan.

The discussion about mindfulness in the previous issue of Psychology & Health are hereby continued in this issue. Frank Vernooij responding to previous contributions from his clinical experience mindfulness and meditation training (MTT). He puts the contribution that science can be delivered to the clinical practice in general and to determine the value and effectiveness of mindfulness in particular. In the previous issue was Schroevers Maya and her colleagues and by Ivan Nyklicek impact study MTT been more positive assessments than by Remco Havermans, Vernooij but goes one step further. He seems the ability of science to make statements about the clinical practice to estimate high. Havermans even suspects that he Vernooij accused of scientism, the belief that science is superior to all other interpretations of life. Havermans makes clear why he thinks science is a crucial role for an evidence-based clinical practice. Also, he once again that the evidence of MMT is inadequate and that the latest research, published in 2010 and 2011, has the same methodological shortcomings as earlier research on effects MMT. The search term 'mindfulnesss "delivered in 2010 and 2011, while nearly 400 citations, but below, he found only five relevant trials MMT. In his description of these trials suggests that high Havermans casually impact factors of journals does not guarantee the best quality research. The latter may be a comfort to Sandra Mulkens and Dutch researchers, all in the current academic tradition, try to score as high as possible in English scientific journals, read her column in this issue. Besides effects research, research in the tradition of experimental psychopathology (Jansen, Van den Hout & Merckelbach, 2010) a proven way to scientific knowledge is produced that may be important for clinical practice. The opening article of this issue is an example par excellence. On the effective factors of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has been much speculation but very little known. The study by Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard and colleagues has made a plausible theoretical model yielded. The theory that taxes working memory plays a crucial role in the blurring of negative and positive memories by them in a series of experiments convincingly demonstrated. One of those experiments in the opening article. The publications on this subject (both English and Dutch) and the clinical implications have been formulated by the investigators, have led to many responses. Given the history of EMDR in the Netherlands, with strong advocates and critics, suggests that perhaps little surprise. In a number of Dth (directive therapy) this year to respond to van der Does and Helen Horn Field on the model of van den Hout and Engelhard and its consequences for clinical practice. A remarkable agreement with the discussion of mindfulness is the different interpretations of scientific research, in this case the evidence for EMDR compared to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Van der Does (2011) believes that EMDR is slightly less effective than CBT, while Horn Field (2011) concludes that CBT, in particular imaginal exposure, it looses against EMDR. Although both warn against too rapid conclusions from this experimental study in non-patients for clinical practice, new scientific information seems to be interpreted from pre-existing beliefs and judgments about EMDR and CBT. The suggestion of Van den Hout and Engelhard (2011) that EMDR is a simple CBT techniques may be, will bring them through the fast-growing Netherlands Association EMDR not be appreciated, though hopes Van der Does (2011) on the decimation of the membership. All in all, of these recent discussions the tension between science and clinical practice. Developments in the (clinical) psychology, where the gap between scientists and clinicians only seems to be increasing, partly because it is the increasing specialization is becoming increasingly difficult for psychologists to both professional roles to combine, do not do well.

Keywords: Mindfulness and Meditation Training, MTT

Accuracy Verified: Yes

389. Knipscheer, J., van Middendorp, H., & Kleber, R. (2011, August). De rol van cultuur in het omgaan met psychotrauma [The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 125-131. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0026-4.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma In this paper, the theme of the special issue on Culture and Trauma is introduced. In both empirically oriented articles as well as theoretical and contemplative contributions, the role of culture and migration context in the development of psychological problems following trauma, culture-specific or generic coping with the consequences, help-seeking behavior, and the need for culturally sensitive treatment is explored. First, the influence of the migration context is considered with regard to the possible sickening role of the asylum procedure, the burden for immigrant women who have undergone female genital mutilation and now live in a society that seriously condemns it, and the dilemma of Islamic migrants who experience homosexual feelings while living in a secularized society. Following are some contributions on cultural diversity in the expression of trauma symptoms, like somatization among refugees and the articulation of rage and embitterment among labor migrants. The impact of trauma in combination with migration on families and how children can be affected by the traumatization of their parents is the topic of two contributions in which the role of the (extended) family is explored and a contextual approach to working with families with trauma-related symptoms (a mentalization based multifamily therapy) is described. The factors that impede therapyseeking behaviour and drop-out are discussed in a study on Moroccan or Turkish girls who were raped. Finally, the applicability and efficacy of evidence-based interventions for treating ethnic minority patients with posttraumatic stress disorder is illustrated by a study on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing with refugees and an article on specific elements of intercultural trauma therapy that appear to be culturally sensitive.

Keywords: Asylum Procedure Cultural Diversity Culture Ethnic Minority Patients Female Genital Homosexuality Islamic Migrants Mentalization-Based Multi-Family Therapy Mutilation Migration Context Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotrauma Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

390. Littel, M. (2013, April). De rol van emotionaliteit op de effectiviteit van EMDR [The role of emotionality in the effectiveness of EMDR]. In Onderzoek track 1 and 2. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Als tijdens het ophalen van een autobiografische herinnering een andere taak wordt uitgevoerd die het werkgeheugen belast, zoals het maken van oogbewegingen, wordt de herinnering waziger terug opgeslagen: de levendigheid en emotionaliteit van de herinnering neemt af. Dit fenomeen kan verklaren waarom EMDR zo goed werkt als behandeling voor PTSD. Al het onderzoek dat tot nu toe gedaan is naar de effecten van oogbewegingen op herinneringen maakte gebruik van emotionele (positieve/negatieve) herinneringen. In de huidige presentatie zal worden ingegaan op de rol van deze emotionaliteit op de effectiviteit van EMDR. Uit onderzoek blijkt dat emotionele gebeurtenissen beter en gedetailleerder in het geheugen worden opgeslagen dan neutrale gebeurtenissen. Dit gebeurt als gevolg van verhoogde emotionele arousal, ofwel verhoogde afgifte van diverse stoffen in het brein, met als belangrijkste noradrenaline. Als noradrenaline wordt geblokkeerd met medicatie worden emotionele gebeurtenissen namelijk even slecht onthouden als neutrale. Ook tijdens het ophalen van emotionele herinneringen ontstaat er emotionele arousal. En het blokkeren van noradrenaline na het ophalen van een emotionele herinnering zorgt ervoor dat deze minder intens wordt terug opgeslagen in het geheugen. Emotionaliteit zorgt dus voor betere geheugen (re)consolidatie. De vraag is nu of het feit dat de in EMDR opgehaalde herinneringen emotioneel geladen zijn belangrijk is voor de effectiviteit van EMDR. En zo ja, zorgt de emotionele arousal die vrijkomt er dan voor dat de wazig-gemaakte herinneringen beter worden opgeslagen in het geheugen? Of werkt het op een andere manier? In de huidige presentatie zullen de resultaten worden besproken van een studie waarin onderzocht is of ook levendige neutrale herinneringen, net als emotionele herinneringen, door oogbewegingen minder levendig kunnen worden. Voorts zullen plannen besproken worden voor een studie naar oogbewegingen waarin emotionele arousal gemanipuleerd wordt. Ook zullen wetenschappelijke en klinische implicaties worden besproken.

If during the retrieval of autobiographical memories another task that taxed working memory, such as making eye movements, the reminder is stored back blurred: the vividness and emotionality of the memory decreases. This phenomenon may explain why EMDR works so well as a treatment for PTSD. All the research done so far has been on the effects of eye movements made use of emotional memories (positive / negative) memories. In the current presentation will discuss the role of emotionality on the effectiveness of EMDR. Studies show that emotional events better and more detailed in the memory than neutral events. This happens due to increased emotional arousal, or increased release of various substances in the brain, the main noradrenaline. If norepinephrine is blocked with medication emotional events are remembered because as bad as neutral. During the retrieval of emotional memories creates emotional arousal. And blocking norepinephrine after getting an emotional memory makes it less intense back stored in memory. Emotionality thus provides better memory (re) consolidation. The question now is whether the fact that the EMDR retrieved emotionally charged memories are important for the effectiveness of EMDR. And if so, will the emotional arousal released sure the blurry-made memories are better stored in memory? Whether it works in a different way? In the current presentation, the results are discussed from a study which investigated is whether vivid memories neutral, like emotional memories, by eye movements may be less vivid. Further plans will be discussed for a study of eye movements in which emotional arousal is manipulated. Also, scientific and clinical implications are discussed.

Keywords: Emotionality

Accuracy Verified: Yes

391. van Arkel, E. P. M., & Baas, A. M. (2008, Juni). De rol van het op afstand beleven en het herbeleven in eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) [The role of the remote experience and relive in eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Dit onderzoek was voor ons zowel een eerste kennismaking met Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) als een eerste kennismaking met het klinische werkveld. Naast het leerzame traject van het onderzoek zelf, waren deze aspecten een speciale aanvulling op onze scriptie. Wij hebben dan ook met veel enthousiasme aan deze scriptie gewerkt en ons op verschillende gebieden breder ontwikkeld. Wij zijn voornamelijk blij dat wij „op de valreep van onze studie‟ nog kennis hebben mogen maken met de behandelmethode EMDR. Het is een behandelmethode die wij in onze verdere loopbaan binnen de psychologie zeker mee zullen nemen. Onze dank gaat uit naar de therapeuten en cliënten die mee wilden werken aan dit onderzoek. Zonder deze medewerking was dit onderzoek immers niet tot stand gekomen! Daarnaast willen wij graag onze begeleidster mw. dr. H.K. Hornsveld bedanken voor het overbrengen van haar enthousiasme voor EMDR en al haar op- en aanmerkingen op ons onderzoek. Mede dankzij haar is dit onderzoek goed afgerond en is ons enthousiasme gegroeid.

This study gave us both a first encounter with Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a first introduction to the clinical field. Besides the educational process of research itself, these issues were a special addition to our thesis. We also have enthusiastically worked on this paper and our wider development in various fields. We are especially pleased that we are "at the very end of our study" may even be familiar with the EMDR treatment method. It is a treatment that in our careers in psychology will certainly take it. Our thanks go to the therapists and clients who wanted participate in this study. Without this cooperation, this research was not realized! In addition, we want our companion mw. Dr. H.K. Hornsveld thanks for transferring her enthusiasm for EMDR and all her observations and comments on our research. Partly thanks to her that this study is well rounded and our enthusiasm grew.

Keywords: Desensitization, Distancing Reliving Vividness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

392. Hoogwerf, L. J. (2011, Februari). De werkingsmechanismen van EMDR: het effect van associeren op het desensitiseren van negatieve herinneringen [The mechanisms of action of EMDR: The effect of associating the desensitisation of negative memories]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een effectieve behandeling voor posttraumatische stress stoornis (PTSS). Het maken van oogbewegingen tijdens het terugdenken aan een negatieve herinnering is in vele voorgaande onderzoeken effectief gebleken in het verminderen van de naarheid en levendigheid van deze herinneringen. Een ander belangrijk onderdeel van deze behandeling, associëren, is echter nog niet goed onderzocht. Een mixed design is toegepast met 40 participanten, studenten, die ieder twee nare herinneringen ophaalden. 20 participanten hebben oogbewegingen gemaakt, waarbij tijdens één herinnering niet werd geassocieerd en tijdens de andere herinnering wel. De andere 20 participanten hebben geen oogbewegingen gemaakt (fixatie op een wit papier) ook met en zonder associëren. Er is geen effect gevonden van oogbewegingen, maar wel een effect van associaties. Bij participanten die gestimuleerd werden om associaties te maken, daalden de naarheid en levendigheid van de negatieve herinnering meer dan bij participanten die hiertoe niet gestimuleerd werden. Ook de aard van verschillende typen associaties is onderzocht. Uit de hiervoor berekende correlaties komt naar voren dat de naarheid en levendigheid van de negatieve herinnering minder afnemen wanneer men inde fixatieconditie van een afstand naar de gebeurtenis kijkt. In de oogbewegingenconditie neemt de naarheid juist meer af wanneer men van een afstand naar de gebeurtenis kijkt. De bevindingen ondersteunen het gebruik van associaties in de praktijk waarbij het van een afstand naar de gebeurtenis kijken het meest effectief lijkt.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Making eye movements during recall to a negative memory in many previous studies have proven effective in reducing the dreariness and vividness of these memories. Another important part of this treatment, associate, has not yet been well studied. A mixed design was used with 40 participants, students, each fetched two bad memories. 20 participants have eye movements made during a memory which was not associated with and during the other memory is. The other 20 participants have made no eye movement (fixation on a white paper) with or without associate. There is no effect of eye movements, but an effect of associations. For participants who were encouraged to make associations, decreased to nature and vibrancy of the more negative memories than participants who were not encouraged to do so. The nature of different types of associations was examined. From the above calculated correlations show that the dreariness and vibrancy of the negative memories less gas when classification fixation condition from a distance watching the event. the oogbewegingenconditie more precisely, the dreariness away from a distance when looking at the event. The findings support the use of associations in which the practice of distance to the event looking like the most effective

Keywords: Mechanisms of Action

Accuracy Verified: Yes

393. Rijken, T. A. (2012). De werkzaamheid van eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Ondersteuning voor een afleidingstheorie [The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Support for a theoretical derivation]. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
De eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) interventie wordt veelvoudig gebruikt in de gezondheidszorg en is een van de meest onderzochte interventies voor posttraumatische stress-stoornis. De populariteit van deze interventie kan mede worden toegeschreven aan de aangetoonde werkzaamheid van EMDR voor het verminderen van traumasymptomen. EMDR is een behandeling die bedoeld is om de helderheid en aversiviteit van traumaherinneringen te verminderen. Tijdens de interventie staat het ophalen van traumatische herinneringen en tegelijkertijd het maken van oogbewegingen centraal. De laatste jaren zijn labstudies toegepast om te achterhalen hoe EMDR precies werkt. Uit deze studies blijkt dat de belasting van het werkgeheugen door een duale taak een belangrijk component van EMDR is. Het werkgeheugen heeft namelijk een beperkte capaciteit. Dit zorgt ervoor dat er minder capaciteit beschikbaar is voor de traumatische herinnering wanneer deze tijdens de behandeling wordt belast met een taak (bv. oogbewegingen). De werkgeheugentheorie is bruikbaar, maar er is wellicht een simpelere verklaring voor de werkzaamheid van EMDR: afleiding. Het is praktisch te weten hoe EMDR werkt zodat er meer duidelijkheid ontstaat over hoe EMDR precies moet worden toegepast. Daarnaast is het begrip van de werking van EMDR belangrijk voor het vaststellen van eventuele bruikbaarheid bij meerdere stoornissen. Het doel van huidig experiment is het kritisch onderzoeken of er een verschil is tussen het ophalen van een negatieve herinnering met een visuele afleidingstaak en het ophalen van een negatieve herinnering met het maken van oogbewegingen op de mate van levendigheid en emotionaliteit. Daarnaast dient het onderzoek als replicatie van Kavanagh et al. (2001) die hetzelfde beoogde te onderzoeken, maar geen rekening hield met de cognitieve belasting van de taken. Uit de resultaten van het huidige onderzoek blijkt dat de oogbewegingstaak en de visuele afleidingstaak verschillen in de mate van vertraging op de reactietijdtaak. De oogbewegingen leiden tot een grotere vertraging. Desondanks laten de resultaten van het experiment zien dat tijdens het toepassen van de interventies de visuele ruis tot grotere reductie van zowel levendigheid als emotionaliteit leidt in vergelijking met de oogbewegingen en het niets doen. Oogbewegingen laten intermediaire resultaten zien. Het lijkt er op dat de resultaten in strijd zijn met de gangbare werkgeheugentheorie en de ‘afleidingstheorie’ ondersteunen als verklaring voor de werkzaamheid van EMDR. Het is wellicht afleiding dat voldoende zou kunnen zijn om de werkzaamheid van EMDR te bewerkstelligen. Meer onderzoek is nodig om deze resultaten te ondersteunen.

The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) intervention is multiple used in health care and is one of the most studied treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. The popularity of this intervention may also be attributed to the demonstrated efficacy of EMDR for reducing trauma symptoms. EMDR is a treatment designed to reduce the brightness and aversiviteit memories of trauma reduction. During the intervention is retrieving traumatic memories while making eye movements centrally. In recent years labstudies used to determine how EMDR works. These studies show that the load on working memory by a dual task is an important component of EMDR. The memory has a limited capacity ie. This ensures that there is less capacity available for the traumatic memory during treatment when it is subjected to a task (eg eye movements). The working memory theory is useful, but there may be a simpler explanation for the efficacy of EMDR: distraction. It is practical to know how EMDR works so that more clarity about exactly how EMDR should be applied. In addition, the concept of the operation of EMDR important for determining the potential usefulness in multiple disorders. The purpose of the present experiment is to critically examine whether there is a difference between getting a negative memory with a visual distraction task and retrieval of a negative memory making eye movements on the degree of vividness and emotionality. Research must also as a replication of Kavanagh et al (2001) that the same was intended to investigate, but took no account of the cognitive load of the tasks. The results of the present study show that the oogbewegingstaak and visual distraction task differences in the extent of delayed response task. The eye movements lead to a longer delay. Nevertheless, the results of the experiment show that while applying the intervention visual noise to greater reduction in both vividness and emotionality results in comparison with the eye movements and do nothing. Eye movements show intermediate results. It seems that the results are contrary to the usual working memory theory and the "distraction theory 'support as an explanation for the efficacy of EMDR. It might distractions that may be sufficient to establish the efficacy of EMDR to achieve. More research is needed to support these results.

Keywords: Theory Derivation Working Memory Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

394. Stewart-Grey, E. (2008). De-stress: A qualitative investigation of EMDR treatment. Capella University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3329849.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
There is no qualitative knowledge of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with a sub-clinical stressed population. The vast majority of EMDR research has focused on traumatized populations, leaving a significant gap in what the non-traumatized or sub-clinically stressed clients experience. Sub-clinical stress includes any level of stress that does not meet the DSM-IV-TR criteria for PTSD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived experiences of body sensations, emotions, beliefs, and imagery during EMDR treatment of participants with sub-clinical stress. Participants fit into either a young adult (18-35), adult (36-49), or older adult (50-60) maturity category and did not meet the criteria for PTSD. The sample consisted of 12 participants, from a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States. A qualitative phenomenological design was used to gather data following the EMDRIAs treatment protocol including a final interview asking questions about what the participants experienced in their body, thoughts, emotions, and memory images. The data was analyzed using constant comparative techniques using open coding and will be verified with member check techniques. The results identify five thematic holistic experiences across the participants. The themes of responsibility, safety, choices, power, and value emerged from the data. The results imply that is may be necessary to address all 5 themes for effective stress resolution. Also, the scholarly, clinical, and practical understanding of the Adaptive Information Processing Model concepts of responsibility, safety, and choices manifest in participants lived sensory experiences are now expanded and in need of additional research. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Effects Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

395. Horton, H. (2011, June). Dealing with self-distress. Occupational Health, 63(6), 20-22.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The author, a nurse and victim of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for her service in Iraq, explains how to deal with the condition. She provides statistics on health practitioners who suffer from the condition, and describes a form of treatment for it called eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR). She explains how victims and their families are affected by PTSD, and describes the symptoms people should look out for in order to recognize the condition. She also provides an overview of its history and diagnosis.

Keywords: Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

396. Worthington, R. (2012, April). Dealing with trauma as an intervention for aggression: A review of approaches and the value of reprocessing. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 4(2), 108-118. doi:10.1108/17596591211208319.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of trauma with specific consideration to the neurological impact this has on information processing and potential links with aggression. Design/methodology/approach - This paper provides a summary of the literature in relation to theories of aggression and trauma. The paper considers how the two may interact and overlap and considers a theoretical rationale for why addressing trauma through a treatment such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) may assist to reduce aggression. Findings - The paper argues that the experience of trauma may contribute to inputs which may take a person closer towards engaging in aggression. This is consistent with information processing models and unified models of aggression such as the General Aggression Model. Factors that were specifically identified included physiological hyper-arousal, hostile attributions of stimulus, and neurological impairments. In addition, the paper also argued that there is evidence that as a result of trauma, a person's ability to provide cognitive accounts for the function of their behaviour may also be impaired because of the reduced interactivity between the two prefrontal hemispheres. Research limitations/implications - The paper argues that as a result, interventions designed to reduce aggression may benefit from including additional elements which directly assist clients to process emotional information and that a reprocessing treatment such as EMDR could assist to reduce levels of emotional arousal and improve treatment effectiveness. Differences in the way in which EMDR is carried out and the variances in treatment protocols used should be attended to increase the reliability of future research. Originality/value - Current modes of aggression therapy have focused on exposure based and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). However, there is evidence that EMDR has benefits over exposure and CBT approaches because of the way in which cognitive verbal accounts of the trauma are not required and because EMDR does not require the individual to have insight into their trauma experience and the link with aggression.

Keywords: Aggression Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

397. van Overmeir, M. (1999). Debehandeling van PTSS met eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) [Treatment of PTSD by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculteit der Psychologie, Amsterdam, Nederlands .

Language: German

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

398. McCammon, S. L., & Allison, E. J. (1995). Debriefing and treating emergency workers. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized (pp. 115-130). New York: Brunner/Mazel.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Chapter 6 emphasizes the importance of promoting trauma resolution and healthy coping strategies in emergency workers. Strategies that can be implemented before, during, and after a traumatic event are summarized. Pretrauma interventions include the use of a stress audit, training regarding stress and its management, and policy development.During a traumatic event, interventions include orientation to the trauma site, on-scene support, demobilization, and debriefing. Common elements among the several debriefing models described include the structuring of opportunities to review the events of the traumatic situation and to ventilate feelings, the learning of skills for integrating and mastering the event, and obtaining assistance in identifying, enlisting, and accepting help from one's support system. Post-trauma activities include individual follow-up sessions, the use of experimental procedures such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and attention to anniversaries of traumatic events. A decade of anecdotal reports testifies to the effectiveness of debriefing and provides helpful insights into working with emergency responders. Currently, research efforts are under way to assess systematically the impact of debriefing. Future research should address the mediating effect of emergency workers' coping behaviors and cognitions. [Introduction, p. xix]

Keywords: Adults Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing CISD Education Medical Personnel Prevention Emergency Personnel Self-Help Techniques Vicarious Traumatization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

399. Merson, J. (1999, October 9). Deep impact. Sydney, Australia: Sydney Morning Herald, Good Weekend, 55.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
In fact, there are now a wide range of therapeutic approaches to treating stress-related disorders. One which has some features in common with the cognitive behavioural approach of trying to desensitise traumatic memory is called Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).

Keywords: Gary Fulcher General Overview

Accuracy Verified: Yes

400. Kiessling, R. (2009, August). Demystifying the cognitive interweave. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Frequently, clinicians perceive that the cognitive interweave stems from either a well-constructed table of ‘cause and effect’ criteria or is magically ‘conjured’ up by a wizardry clinician. This practical, down-to-earth, basic workshops will ‘demystify’ the cognitive interweave for all clinicians who have completed the Basic Training. Participants will understand the cognitive interweave and how it seamlessly integrates into the AIP model, how preparing for the cognitive interweave begins at intake and continues to develop throughout the client’s reprocessing, and how to utilize their own clinical ‘wizardry’ skills ‘on-the-fly’ when needed to assist clients in successfully reprocessing their traumatic experiences.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave

Accuracy Verified: Yes

401. Besson, J., Eap, C., Khazaal, Y., Montagrin, Y., Rihs-Middel, M., Simon, O., Tissot, H., Tomei, A., Zumwald, C., Zullino, D. (2008, Janvier). Dépendances [Addictions]. Revue Medicale Suisse, 4(139).

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cette année, les commentaires de la toxicomanie met en évidence cinq aspects, dans une perspective bio-psycho-sociale: (1) La relation entre la méthadone et de cardiotoxicité. (2) L'introduction de la désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement (EMDR). (3) L'apparition d'une pharmacothérapie possible spécifique pour le jeu excessif. (4) Une meilleure connaissance de la relation entre le cannabis et les psychoses. (5) La résistance au traitement dans la relation médecin-patient.

This year reviews on the addictions emphasizes five aspects, on a bio-psycho-social perspective: (1) The relationship between methadone and cardiotoxicity. (2) The introduction of Eye Movement Desensibilization and Reprocessing (EMDR). (3) The apparition of a possible specific pharmacotherapy for excessive gambling. (4) A better knowledge of the relationship between cannabis and psychoses. (5) Resistance to treatment in the doctor-patient relationship.

Keywords: Addiction Cadiotoxicity Cannabis Gambling Methadone Psychoses

Accuracy Verified: Yes

402. Torres, R. V. (2012, Novembro). Depressão por parto na adoção: A cura pelo EMDR [Partum depression after adoption: The EMDR cure]. In Casos Clínicos I. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um caso clínico, de uma paciente de 46 anos, no período de adaptação da adoção de uma criança de cinco anos. As dificuldades apresentadas inicialmente eram relacionadas: à vinculação afetiva materna, ao exercício dos cuidados físicos e afetivos com a criança, ao exercício e à percepção do papel materno, aliados a fortes sintomas somáticos. Com a existência de grande desejo de ser mãe, há 15 anos fazia tratamento para engravidar. A adoção não representava um tabu para a mesma. No entanto, a infância vinha à tona com frequência e representava grande parte de seu sofrimento: sua mãe estava com 46 anos quando de seu nascimento e, desde então, fora acometida de enfermidades por toda sua vida, impedindo a realização de cuidados físicos e afetivos para com ela. Foram realizadas 20 sessões de EMDR e as experiências traumáticas da relação mãe x filha, bem como os medos de repetir a história passada, foram processados a uma resolução adaptativa, que permitiram a assimilação de suas lembranças passadas e a incorporação de padrões para experiências positivas, possibilitando a oportunidade de ampliar conexões com redes positivas. As memórias armazenadas que serviam de base para percepção, atitudes e comportamentos foram reprocessadas e, com isso, os sintomas físicos foram extintos, de maneira a permitir que a paciente assumisse uma nova postura frente à maternidade. A percepção sobre sua mãe foi alterada e conseguiu trazer à tona bons momentos de sua infância com a mãe. Também foi reprocessada uma situação relacionada ao perdão mútuo. A paciente hoje vive o processo de maternidade forma saudável e feliz, e 04 meses após o encerramento das sessões, adotou um menino de 03 meses de vida, sem que os sintomas reaparecessem.

This paper aims to present a clinical case of a patient of 46 years in the adjustment period from the adoption of a child of five. Difficulties were initially related: the linking maternal affection, exercise and physical care of the child with affection, exercise and perception of the maternal role, coupled with strong somatic symptoms. With the existence of a great desire to be a mother 15 years ago was receiving treatment for getting pregnant. The adoption did not represent a taboo for the same. However, childhood came to the fore and often represented a large part of his suffering: his mother was 46 years old when his birth and has since been stricken with illness throughout his life, preventing the achievement of physical and emotional care to her. Were performed 20 sessions of EMDR and traumatic experiences of the mother x daughter, as well as fears of repeating past history, were processed to an adaptive resolution, which allowed the assimilation of their past memories and incorporation of standards for positive experiences, allowing the opportunity to expand connections with positive networks. The stored memories that served as the basis for perception, attitudes and behaviors were reprocessed and, therefore, the physical symptoms were abolished, so as to allow the patient to assume a new stance facing the motherhood. The perception has changed about his mother and managed to bring out good moments of his childhood with his mother. It was also reprocessed a situation related to mutual forgiveness. The patient now lives the process of motherhood healthy and happy, and 04 months after the close of the session, adopted a boy of 03 months, without symptoms reappeared.

Keywords: Adoption Motherhood Postpartum Depression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

403. Shapiro, F., & Mousnier-Lompré, F. (2005). Des yeux pour guérir: EMDR: La thérapie pour surmonter l’angoisse, le stress et les traumatisms [Eye to heal: EMDR: Therapy for overcoming anxiety, stress and trauma]. Paris: Seuil.

Language: French

Format: Book

Abstract:
Tout le monde connaît désormais la thérapie introduite en France par David Servan-Schreiber dans son livre Guérir. Cette nouvelle thérapie appelée EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) consiste pour l'essentiel à refaire vivre au patient victime d'un événement traumatique la scène terrible qui est à l'origine de sa souffrance, en lui faisant faire des mouvements oculaires provoquant une diminution progressive du stress. Les résultats sont incontestables, mais la raison des progrès enregistrés reste énigmatique. Peut-être s'agit-il d'une reconstruction ce la mémoire profonde du même ordre que celle qui se produit dans le sommeil paradoxal (où le dormeur connaît des mouvements oculaires analogues). Cette thérapie a été fondée par Francine Shapiro, du célèbre institut de Palo Alto. Ce livre fondateur raconte l'origine de sa découverte, donne des interprétations scientifiques possibles et surtout décrit de nombreux cas exemplaires où cette thérapie s'est révélée efficace. Il est de ce fait très poignant. On y rencontre une femme ayant perdu son fils de huit ans dans un accident de train et accablée par l'image terrifiante du corps disloqué de l'enfant, des anciens combattants du Vietnam hantés par les images terribles de la guerre, des victimes de viol... Et surtout on y voit comment ces personnes, emprisonnées dans leur souffrance, ont pu s'en affranchir et retrouver un équilibre psychologique.

Everyone now knows the therapy introduced in France by David Servan-Schreiber in his book Healing. This new therapy called EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitizer & Reprocessing) is essentially to re live the patient suffered a traumatic event the terrible scene which is at the origin In his pain, making him make eye movements causing a gradual decrease of stress. The results are undeniable, but the reason of progress remains enigmatic. Perhaps it is a reconstruction of the deep memory similar to that which occurs in sleep REM (where the sleeper knows movements eye like). The therapy was founded by Francine Shapiro, the renowned institute Palo Alto. This seminal book describes the origin of his discovery, provides interpretations possible scientific and especially describes many exemplary cases where this therapy has proven effective. It is therefore very poignant. We meet a woman who lost her eight year old son in a train accident and overwhelmed by the terrifying image of the broken body of the child, the Vietnam veterans haunted by the terrible images of war, victims of rape ... And especially we see how these people trapped in their suffering, have overcome them and regain a psychological equilibrium.

Keywords: Anxiety, General Overview Stress Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

404. Velozo, S. A. C. (2010, Noviembre). Desarrollo y procedimiento del método psicoterapéutico llamado E.M.D.R (Desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimiento ocular) con pacientes que sufren trastorno por estrés postraumático [Procedure development and method of psychotherapy called EMDR (eye movement desentization and reprocessing) with patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder]. Universidad Bolivariana, Escuela de Psicologia, Santiago, Chile.

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
El siguiente trabajo consta de una revision bibliografica sobre el modelo psicoterapeutico llamado E.M.D.R (Desensibilizacion y Reprocesamiento por Movimiento Ocular), utilizado en patalogias psiquicas que se originan por una vivencia traumatica, esta tecnica es vilidada cientificamente y enfatiza el Sistema de Procesaiento de Informacion intrinseco del cerebro y como son almacenadas las memorias. Se identifica el problema especifico que sera el foco del tratamiento. Mediante un protocol estructuado, la informacion que estaba atrapada y aislada en la neuro-red en la que habia sido almacenada en su forma originalmente perturbadora, es procesada y desensibilizada transformandose en algo util, functional y libre de conflict. Es un metodo psicopterapeutico innovador que accelera el tratamiento en un amplio rango de patalogias de origen psicologico, como le es el Trastorno por Estres Postraumatico. Parte por una breve resena historica del concepto de truma psiquico, descripcion del cuadro de sintomas del trastorno de ester postraumatico y una revision bibliografica sobre el modelo teorico en el que se inserta principios y procedimiento de la terapia EMDR. Por ello se presentan las fases del procedimiento, que son: 1. Historica clinica y plan de tratamiento, 2. Preparacion, 3 Evaluacion/D.I.C. E.S., 4. Desensibilizacion, 5. Instalacion de la creencia positive, 6. Chequeo corporal – Escaner corporal, 7. Cierre – Conclusion, and 8. Reevaluacion/Seguimiento. Finalmente se hara una docil comparacion con las terapias del modelo convencional en base a la triada do los sintomas del Trastorno por Estres Postraumatico, vale decir: rexpermentacion, evitacion e hiperactivacion.

The following work consists of a literature review on the psychotherapeutic model called EMDR (Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement), used in psychic patalogias that are caused by a traumatic experience, this technique is scientifically and emphasizes vilidada System Information Procesaiento intrinsic brain and how memories are stored. It identifies the specific problem will be the focus of treatment. Using a structured protocol, information that was trapped and isolated in the neuro-network that had been stored as originally disturbing is processed and transformed into something useful desensitized, functional and free of conflict. It is an innovative method accelerates psicopterapeutico treatment in a wide range of psychological origin patalogias, as he is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Party by a brief history of the concept of psychic Truma, description of box ester disorder symptoms and posttraumatic literature review on the theoretical model that is inserted in the principles and procedure of EMDR therapy. So are procedural steps which are: 1. Historical clinical and treatment plan, 2. Preparation, 3 Evaluation / D.I.C. E.S., 4. Desensitization, 5. Installation of positive belief, 6. Check body - body scanner, 7. Close - Conclusion, and 8. Reassessment / Follow-up. Finally there will be a docile compared to the conventional therapies based on the triad do the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, namely: rexpermentacion, avoidance and hyperarousal.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

405. Mendez Carrillo, F. M., Quiles Sebastian, M. J., & Ortigosa, J. M. (2002). Desensibilización por movimiento de ojos y reprocesamiento: Una década después [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A decade later]. Psiquis: Revista de Psiquiatria, Psicologia Medica y Psicosomatica, 23(1), 39-47.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Zehn Jahre nach Francine Shapiro hat ihren ersten Artikel über Eye Movement Desensitization und die Wiederaufbereitung Methode (EMDR), Interesse an der therapeutischen Anwendung, theoretische Fundierung und physiologischen Mechanismen beteiligt ist gestiegen. Der vorliegende Beitrag führt eine bibliometrische Analyse der wissenschaftlichen Produktion zu dieser Methode ein Jahrzehnt nach ihrer Präsentation in der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die produktivsten Jahre 1996, ist Deutschland das Land, dass die meisten veröffentlichte mit dem Thema und der Autor mit der größeren Anzahl von Literaturangaben Hinsicht ist Francine Shapiro. Auf der anderen Seite ist posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen der Pathologie, in der EMDR wurde hauptsächlich beantragt hat.

Ten years after Francine Shapiro edited her first article about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing method (EMDR), interest in the therapeutic application, theoretical basis and involved physiological mechanisms has increased. The present article carries out a bibliometric analysis on the scientific production about this method a decade after its presentation to the scientific community. The main results indicate that the most productive year is 1996, United States is the country that has published most with regard the subject and the author with the greater number of bibliographical references is Francine Shapiro. On the other hand, posttraumatic stress disorder is the pathology in which EMDR has been principally applied.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

406. Marcela, L., & Lemus, G. (2008, December). Desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 37(Supplement 7). .

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introducción: La técnica de desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares (EMDR, por sus iniciales en inglés) es un método terapéutico relativamente reciente que ha mostrado efi cacia en el tratamiento de diferentes entidades psiquiátricas y somáticas. Se postula que sus resultados se logran a través de cambios en el proceso de almacenamiento de recuerdos y en las respuestas físicas y emocionales relacionadas. Objetivo: Describir las características principales de la EMDR y sus aplicaciones. Método: Revisión de la literatura. Desarrollo y conclusiones: La EMDR es una técnica útil para el tratamiento de una gran variedad de trastornos psiquiátricos y somáticos. Se han descrito algunas reacciones adversas, lo cual resalta la importancia de elegir adecuadamente los pacientes candidatos a ser tratados con esta terapia.

Introduction: The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing technique (EMDR) is a relatively new treatment method that has shown to be effective in treating different psychiatric and somatic entities. It is postulated that its results are achieved through changes in the process of memory storing and in the related physical and emotional responses. Objective: To describe the main characteristics of EMDR and its applications. Method: Literature review. Development and conclusions: EMDR is a useful technique in the treatment of a large series of psychiatric and somatic disorders. Some adverse reactions have been described and this stresses the importance of selecting adequately those patients to be treated with this therapy.

Keywords: Desensitization Eye Movement Psychiatric Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

407. Trejos, J. J., Betancur, A. V., & Montoya, L. S. (1999, November). Desensibilizacion y reprocesamiento mediante movimientos oculares: Terapia efectiva para el trastorno por estres postraumatico [Desensitization and reprocessing through eye movements: Effective therapy for PTSD]. Revista Médica de Risaralda, 5(2), 28-33 .

Language: Spanish

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Se recuerdan los criterios diagnósticos actuales del Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático y luego se describe brevemente la terapia de Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento mediante Movimientos Oculares (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing).

Recalls the current diagnostic criteria of PTSD and then briefly describes Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy with eye movements (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing).

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

408. Shapiro, F. (2009). Desensibilizacion y reprocesamiento por medio de movimiento ocular (EMDR) [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Pax Mexico L.C.C.S.A.

Language: Spanish

Format: Book

Abstract:
En tan solo unos cuantos años, el modo EMDR se ha convertido en el tratamiento más elaborado para el desorden de estrés postraumático (entre otras perturbaciones). El método EMDR es un tratamiento legítimo y poderoso. Modelo integral y eficiente en el tratamiento de experiencias perturbadoras, el método EMDR incorpora diversos aspectos de terapias sistémicas, psicodinámicas, experienciales, conductuales y corporales. Consiste en ocho fases que comprenden el uso de movimientos oculares y otras formas de estimulación izquierda-derecha. Es eficaz para tratar el desorden de estrés postraumático y reprocesar pensamientos y recuerdos perturbadores o problemas psicológicos de sobrevivientes de traumas, de abuso sexual, de crímenes, de combate bélico, así como de fobias y desórdenes causados por experiencias vivenciales y proporciona en poco tiempo efectos clínicos profundos y estables. Con descripciones y transcripciones detalladas, la autora guía al clínico por cada etapa del tratamiento terapéutico, desde la selección de los clientes hasta la aplicación del método y su integración dentro de un plan integral de tratamiento clínico. Escrito de manera accesible, este libro es una guía invaluable tanto para los clínicos experimentados en el tratamiento EMDR como para las personas que acaban de conocer el método, y para los estudiantes avanzados de psicología clínica y psicoterapia.

In just a few years, modeEMDR has become more elaborate treatment for PTSD (among other disturbances) clutter. The methodEMDR is a legitimate and powerful treatment. Comprehensive and efficient model in the treatment of disturbing experiences, the methodEMDR incorporates aspects of systemic therapies, psychodynamic, experienciales, behavioural and body. Consists of eight phases comprising the use of eye movements and other forms of left-right stimulation. It is effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and re-processing thoughts and disturbing memories or psychological problems of survivors of trauma, sexual abuse, of crimes, war combat, as well as phobias and disorders caused by vivenciales experiences and provides deep and stable clinical effects in a short time. With descriptions and detailed transcripts, the author guides the clinical through every stage of therapeutic, treatment from clients to the implementation of the method and their integration within a comprehensive clinical treatment plan selection. Written in an accessible manner, this book is an invaluable guide for clinicians in the treatmentEMDR as for people just know the method and for advanced students of clinical psychology and psychotherapy.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: No

409. Shapiro, F., Lake, K., & Norcross, J. C. (2003, November). Desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares (EMDR): Un tratamiento integrador para el trauma [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an integrative treatment for trauma]. Revista de Psicotrauma para Iberoamérica, 2(3), 4-12.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR es un método psicoterapéutico integrador que ha sido designado oficialmente una forma efectiva de tratamiento para el trastorno de estrés postraumático en la comunidad internacional. El EMDR de ocho fases proporciona un método eficiente, estructurado y seguro para hacer frente a los efectos nocivos de los eventos traumáticos. Varios aspectos del método EMDR, incluyendo su capacidad para hacer frente a los componentes múltiples de la experiencia del trauma (creencias, emociones, sensaciones fisiológicas), han hecho un llamamiento a los psicoterapeutas de diversas orientaciones teóricas. Aunque existen muchas similitudes entre el método EMDR y otros sistemas de las psicoterapias, EMDR es un enfoque distinto, debido, en parte, al uso de un modelo de procesamiento de información para explicar la psicopatología. Protocolos EMDR incorporan una combinación única de elementos que se piensa extender los resultados positivos del tratamiento. [Autor Resumen]

EMDR is an integrative psychotherapeutic approach that has been officially designated an effective form of treatment for PTSD within the international community. The eight-phase EMDR provides an efficient, structured, and safe method for addressing the deleterious effects of traumatic events. Various aspects of EMDR, including its ability to address the multiple experiential components of trauma (beliefs, emotions, physiological sensations), have appealed to psychotherapists of diverse theoretical orientations. Though many similarities exist between EMDR and other systems of psychotherapies, EMDR is a distinct approach due, in part, to its use of an information processing model to explain psychopathology. EMDR's protocols incorporate a unique combination of elements that are thought to extend positive treatment outcomes. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressor Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

410. Alblas, E. E. (2012). Desensitisation and facilitation of memory after eye movements: An effort to solve an apparent contradiction. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) is a disorder characterized by frequent vivid memories of a traumatic event. A current effective treatment for PTSD is Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing treatment (EMDR). A model to explain the desensitizing effects by eye movements is the dual task hypothesis of working memory (WM). This posits that eye movements as second task exceed WM capacity, thus blurring subsequent reconsolidation of the (traumatic) memory. Eye movements prior to recall however have also been observed to facilitate memory. This thesis reviews several models to analyse whether the conflicting findings could result from one underlying process, or whether procedural differences in study design are likely to generate the opposing effects.

Keywords: Memory Desensitization Memory Facilitation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

411. Kim, S. U. (2004). Desensitization & reprocessing in EMDR. Presentation at the Annual Conference of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, Gyeongju, Korea.

Language: Korean

Format: Conference

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

412. Eimer, B. N. (1993, Spring). Desensitization and reprocessing of chronic pain with EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 3(1), 13-17.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
There are two widely accepted assumptions about personality and psychopathology that influence the success of failure of our use of EMDR with patients. While the following notions have been restated in different ways by various schools of personality, the reader is referred to the work of George Kelly (1955) for the most complete elaboration of these assumptions.

Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Pain Management Personality Psychopathology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

413. Popky, A. J. (2009). The desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing (DeTUR) protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 489-511). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Addiction Protocol Substance Abuse Triggers Urge

Accuracy Verified: Yes

414. Bae, H., & Daeho, K. (2012). Desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing for an adolescent with internet addiction disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 73-81. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.73.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study reports the successful treatment of Internet addiction in a 13- year-old male using four 45-minute sessions of the desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing (DeTUR) protocol—an addiction protocol of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; Popky, 2005). This protocol uses EMDR procedures to process current triggers and positive future templates, but it does not identify or directly address any past trauma. At baseline, the participant showed a moderate level of Internet addiction (scoring 75 on Young’s Internet Addiction Test [IAT]) and moderate depression (26 on the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]). During assessment, he identified 7 triggers for Internet gaming and rated the associated urge to engage in the activity with scores of 3–9 on the level of urge scale (0 5 lowest, 10 5 strongest). Using the DeTUR protocol, the level of urge for each trigger was reduced to 2, which the participants defined as “not being able to think about or crave for the game.” After treatment, his symptoms had declined to nonclinical levels (38 on IAT and 6 on BDI) and he was able to restrict his time on the Internet to an hour per day. These therapeutic gains were maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-up. The DeTUR may be a good treatment option for Internet addiction and further controlled studies are needed.

Keywords: Adolescents DeTUR Game Addiction Internet Addiction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

415. Vojtova, H., Bob, P., & Ptacek, R. (2012). Desenzitizace a zpracování pomocí očních pohybů (EMDR) - Psychologické a neurobiologické souvislosti terapie posttraumatické stresové poruchy [Desensitization and processing using eye movements (EMDR) - A psychological therapy connection neurobiological posttraumatic stress disorder]. Československá Psychologie, 56(5), 463-472.

Language: Czech

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desenzibilizace a přepracování (EMDR) představuje slibný přístup k léčbě posttraumatické stresové poruchy. Empirické poznatky poskytují důkazy o vlivu EMDR na snížení subjektivně vnímané živostí a emocionální zátěž z autobiographic vzpomínek a na snížení vzrušení autonomního nervového systému přesouváním rovnováhy směrem aktivace parasympatiku. Poslední hypotézy naznačují, že účinky EMDR spoléhají na neurobiologických mechanismů pracujících v duálním zaměřit pozornost, orientující reflex a REM spánek. Toto přepracování se zdá vyvolat specifickou neurobiological odpověď, že dělá pro zpracování informací v centrálním nervovém systému efektivnější, zejména u jedinců s PTSD.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) represents a promising approach to treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. The empirical findings provide evidence for the effect of EMDR on decreasing of subjectively perceived vividness and emotional burden of autobiographic memories and on reducing arousal of the autonomic nervous system by shifting the balance towards parasympathetic activation. Recent hypotheses suggest that the effects of EMDR rely on neurobiological mechanisms employed in dual focus attention, orienting reflex and REM sleep. This reprocessing seems to provoke a specific neurobiological response that makes the information processing in central nervous system more efficient, particularly in individuals with PTSD [Author Abstract].

Keywords: Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

416. Softic, R, & Becirovic, E, (2009, Septembra). Desenzitizacija pokretima ociju i reprocesiranje (EMDR): Kada su rijeci nemocne [Desensitization of eye movements and reprocessing (EMDR): When words are disabled]. Prvi Psihoterapijski Simpozijum Bosne I Hercegovine Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Language: Serbian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Neki ljudi doţive traumatska stanja koja ne mogu u potpunosti opisati rijeĉima. Mnogi od njih nikada ni ne progovore o tome što su doţivjeli. Ali patnja se u njima nastavlja i organizam, a ĉesto i okolina plaćaju ogromnu cijenu. U takvim sluĉajevima psihoterapija koja koristi rijeĉi je nemoćna. Istraţivanja upućuju da jedna, relativno nova psihoterapijska metoda desenzitizacija pokretima oĉiju i reprocesiranje (EMDR), moţe pomoći i takvim osobama. Kada neko iskusi ozbiljnu psihološku traumu, ĉini se da dolazi do narušavanja ravnoteţe u nervnom sistemu. Ta ravnoteţa je, moguće, narušena i posredstvom razliĉitih medijatora poput adrenalina, serotonina, dopamina, kortizola itd. Zbog takve neravnoteţe onemogućeno je optimalno funkcioniranje sistema za procesiranje informacija, a informacije vezane uz traumatiĉan dogaĊaj poput slika, zvukova, afekata i fiziĉkih senzacija se zadrţavaju u disfunkcionalnom, uznemirujućem obliku. Danas izranja shvatanje da postoji неуролошки balans u razliĉitim fiziološkim sistemima što omogućuje da informacije budu procesirane na adaptivan naĉin. EMDR kod nekih traumatiziranih djeluje ĉak i kada osoba ne moţe govoriti o tome što je preţivjela. Ono što je bitno jeste da se fokusira na traumatski dogaĊaj i da suraĊuje sa terapeutom u procesu stimulisanja dualne paţnje što omogućava adaptivno procesiranje informacija. Adaptivno procesiranje znaĉi uspostavljanje adekvatnih asocijacija i pojavu da iskustvo biva konstruktivno ugraĊeno u pozitivne kognitivne i emocionalne sheme pojedinca. Odnosno, oslobaĊa od simptoma i omogućava da se nova iskustva doţive bez blokirajućeg uticaja traume.

Some people doţive traumatic conditions that can not fully describe in words. Many of them never to speak of it as doţivjeli. But the suffering in them continues and the body, and environment, and often pay a huge price. In such cases psychotherapy that uses words of the powerless. Research suggests that a relatively new psychotherapeutic methods desensitization and reprocessing eye movement (EMDR), and can help such people. When someone has experienced serious psychological trauma, it seems that there is a violation of equilibrium in the nervous system. This equilibrium is possible, and disrupted through a variety of mediators such as adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, cortisol, etc.. Because of such imbalance prevented the optimal functioning of the system for information processing and information related to traumatic an event such as images, sounds, physical sensations and affects it retains in the dysfunctional, disturbing form. It emerges that there is understanding of neurological balance in different physiological systems, which allows information to be processed on adaptive manner. EMDR works by some traumatized even when the person can not talk about what is preţivjela. What is important is to focus on the traumatic events and to co-operate with the therapist in the process of stimulating the attention of the dual provides adaptive information processing. Adaptive processing means getting the right associations and the emergence of the experience of being a built-in positive constructive cognitive and emotional schemas of the individual. That is, oslobaĊa of symptoms and allows for new experiences doţive without blocking effects of trauma.

Keywords: Doţ ivjeli Preţ ivjela

Accuracy Verified: Yes

417. Popky, A. J. (2003, May). DeTUR (Desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: DeTUR

Accuracy Verified: Yes

418. Popky, A. J. (1999). DeTUR (desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing): A new approach to working with addictions. Los Gatos, CA.

Language: English

Format: Other

Keywords: DeTUR Triggers Urges

Accuracy Verified: Yes

419. Popky, A. J. (2005). DeTUR, an urge reduction protocol for addictions and dysfunctional behaviors. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 167-188). New York: W W Norton & Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing (DeTUR) model and the theories involved are based on experience from personal client observation and anecdotal reports received from other therapists using this same protocol. It is an eclectic model and combines many methodologies, including but not limited to cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused, Ericksonian hypnosis, narrative, object relations, and emotional freedom techniques (EFT), to name a few. The bilateral stimulation (BLS) in the accelerated information processing model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) seems to form the catalyst for rapid processing and change, the turbocharger that speeds the healing process.This protocol represents only a small part of a complete treatment model. The therapist's role is that of a case manager, orchestrating any resources necessary to aid the patient through recovery and relapse to a successful and healthy state of functioning and coping. The therapist has to assess the severity of the addiction and also determine any other diagnosis associated with the case. This overall treatment model includes outside help, such as referrals for medication, testing for physical or neurological problems, and, depending on the situation, inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, or detox. Other outside resources include support systems, such as 12-step groups, educational programs, skills training; couples, group, or family therapy; or acupuncture. Comorbidity issues, day-to-day stressors, and survival issues are addressed. An extremely high percentage of these populations are dually diagnosed and can therefore run the full dimensional spectrum of disorders and behaviors as described in the DSM-IV. [Text, pp. 167-168] [Pilots]

Keywords: Addiction Addictions Behavior Problems Behavior Therapy Bilateral Stimulation Compulsions Craving Desensitization of Triggers Dysfunctional Behaviors Information Processing Model Psychotherapeutic Techniques Urge Reduction Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

420. Siegel, D. J. (2002). The developing mind and the resolution of trauma: Some ideas about information processing and an interpersonal neurobiology of psychotherapy. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 85-121). Washington: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter provides an overview of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the nature of the developing mind and how the unresolved effects of trauma may be resolved within psychotherapy. Following is a brief background of my introduction to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and Francine Shapiro, the founder and a leading pioneer in the field of EMDR.My work comes from an interdisciplinary approach that combines numerous independent fields, including attachment theory and research, cognitive neuroscience, complexity theory, developmental psychology and psychopathology, genetics, psycholinguistics, and the study of trauma. By weaving the findings from these varied disciplines together with clinical work as a child psychiatrist, I developed a conceptual framework that was published as a book, "The Developing Mind: Toward a Neurobiology of Interpersonal Experience" (1999). This chapter offers a brief overview of this work and highlights ways in which this interpersonal neurobiology approach may help in understanding some possible mechanisms underlying trauma and its resolution. [Text, pp. 85, 86]

Keywords: Adults Cognitive Processes Neurobiology Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

421. Blore, D. C., Holmshaw, E. M., Swift, A., Standart, S., & Fish, D. M. (2013). The development and uses of the “blind to therapist“ EMDR protocol. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 95-105. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.95.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The blind to therapist (B2T) protocol (Blore & Holmshaw, 2009a, 2009b) was devised to circumvent client unwillingness to describe traumatic memory content during eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). It has been used with at least six clinical presentations: • Reassertion of control among “executive decision makers“ • Shame and embarrassment • Minimizing potential for vicarious traumatization • Cultural issues: avoiding distress being witnessed by a fellow countryman • Need for the presence of a translator versus prevention of information “leakage“ • Reducing potential stalling in processing: client with severe stammer This article details the history, development, and current status of the protocol, and provides case vignettes to illustrate each use. Clinical issues encountered when using the protocol and “dovetailing“ the B2T protocol back into the standard protocol are also addressed.

Keywords: Aphasia Blind to Therapist Protocol Client-Centered Approach EMD Guilt Shame

Accuracy Verified: Yes

422. Laub, B., & Weiner, N. (2011). A developmental/integrative perspective of the recent traumatic episode protocol. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(2), 57-72. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.57.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP) is an adaptation of the eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) standard protocol to the acute phases following trauma. In this article, the R-TEP structure and procedures were analyzed from a developmental/integrative perspective. It is proposed that the therapist's developmental understanding and attunement can enhance the therapeutic dyad and can promote flexible decision making while using the R-TEP procedures. One case illustration of a recent trauma intervention demonstrates the advantage of developmental attunement in using the R-TEP. This perspective enables the therapist to pace the various styles of processing as they relate to the different stages of the memory consolidation process.

Keywords: AIP Model Early EMDR Intervention EEI Memory Consolidation Process R-TEP Recent Events Recent Trauma Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

423. Stierum, A. J., & van Heijningen, J. G. M. (2011, April). Diagnostiek en behandeling van dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen en jeugdigen [Diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders in children and adolescents]. Presentatie op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Inhoud van de workshop: Dissociatie en trauma zijn nauw met elkaar verbonden. Dissociatieve stoornissen worden toch vaak niet herkend en dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen gelden als controversieel. Kinder- en jeugdpsychiaters leren in de opleiding weinig over dissociatieve stoornissen. In de workshop wordt aandacht besteed aan het herkennen van dissociatieve stoornissen bij (seksueel) getraumatiseerde kinderen en aan de behandeling ervan, geïntegreerd in de traumabehandeling. Ernstig getraumatiseerde kinderen hebben vaak meerdere diagnoses, zoals posttraumatische stoornissen essentieel is voor het slagen van een goede traumabehandeling. We bespreken de internationale richtlijnen en recente literatuur over diagnostiek en behandeling van dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen. Neurobiologische aspecten van vroegkinderlijke traumatisering en de gevolgen hiervan voor het kind worden behandeld. Verschillende behandelmethoden zoals eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) en differentiatiefasetherapie worden besproken. Vorm: —— Aan de hand van presentaties worden de theorie en de praktijk van de diagnostiek en het behandelen van dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen en jeugdigen besproken. —— We tonen beeldmateriaal van diagnostiek en behandeling van dissociatieve stoornissen bij kinderen en jeugdigen. —— Uitwisselen van ervaring en kennis, inbrengen van casuïstiek en discussie. Leerdoel: —— Aan het einde van de workshop erkent de deelnemer het belang van herkennen en behandelen van dissociatieve stoornissen bij getraumatiseerde kinderen en jeugdigen. —— De deelnemer vergroot zijn kennis van diagnostiek en behandeling van dissociatieve stoornissen van kinderen en jeugdigen, waarbij hij op de hoogte is van de recente literatuur. stressstoornis (PTSS) en hechtingsstoornis. Dissociatieve problematiek kan ook verward worden met onder meer obsessieve-compulsieve stoornissen (ODD), aandachtstekortstoornis met hyperactiviteit (ADHD) en vele andere kinderpsychiatrische stoornissen en zo het resultaat van therapieën bemoeilijken. Wij gaan er daarom vanuit dat herkennen en behandelen van dissociatieve.

Contents of the workshop: Dissociation and trauma are closely linked. Dissociative disorders are often not yet recognized and dissociative disorders in children construed as controversial. Child and adolescent psychiatrists learning in the training little dissociative disorders. The workshop focuses on recognition of dissociative disorders (Sexual) traumatized children and the its treatment, integrated into the trauma treatment. Severely traumatized children often have multiple diagnoses, such as post traumatic stress is essential for the success of a good trauma treatment. We discuss the International guidelines and recent literature about diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders in children. Neurobiological Aspects of early childhood trauma and consequences for the child to be treated. Various treatments such as eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and phase modulation therapy are discussed. Form: - Based on the theory presentations and practice of diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders in children and adolescents are discussed. - We show footage of diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders children and adolescents. - Share the experience and knowledge, contribute of cases and discussion. Objective: - At the end of the workshop, the participant acknowledges the importance of recognizing and treating of dissociative disorders among traumatized children and adolescents. - Participants increased their knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders of children and youth, taking on the aware of the recent literature. stress disorder (PTSD) and attachment disorder. Dissociative problem can also confused are including obsessive-compulsive disorder (ODD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and many other children's psychiatric disorders and as a result of therapies difficult. We therefore assume that recognition and treatment of dissociative.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Dissociative Disorders Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

424. Lovelle, C. (2008, February). Dialectical behavioral therapy and EMDR for adolescents in residential treatment: A practical and theoretical perspective. Residential Treatment For Children and Youth, 23(1&2), 27–43. doi:10.1300/J007v23n01_03.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
DBT and EMDR as primary treatment methods provide effective treatment for adolescents in the setting of group residential facilities. Regardless of the intensity of the pathology or the length of stay, these compatible treatment methods provide adolescents with significant decreases in the impact of traumatic memories and increased emotional regulation skills. The methods have been empirically supported as effective in a variety of settings and with a diversity of age groups. They are well suited for use in a residential environment and can constitute a powerful, effective method for dealing with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depression, Anxiety Disorders, Substance Abuse, and other disorders.

Keywords: Adolescent Residential Treatment DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

425. Various. (2000, November - December). Dibattito sulla EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) [Debate on EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)]. Avvenuto nelle liste "Psicoterapia" di Psychomedia (PM-PT) e Ipsico.

Language: Italian

Format: Other

Abstract:
Estratto: Ho letto con interesse questo scambio annunci sulla tecnica EMDR. L'EMDR ha anche parlato della recente riunione di Moiano, organizzata da Psicologi per i PeopleOn "modelli di intervento in psicologia di emergenza". Come Moiano, vorrei che potesse approfondire un discorso sul tema, proprio perché in psicologia dello stress post-traumatico, l'EMDR è uno dei temi più controversi discussi da una dozzina di anni. A partire dal accuse "scioccanti" di Francine Shapiro, il creatore del metodo con cui la grande maggioranza delle forme di PTSD regrediti rapidamente con alcune sessioni sono associati con i movimenti oculari saccadici evento traumatico 'immagini, ha sviluppato una linea di grandi dimensioni di ricerca si propone di empiricamente testare la reale efficacia del metodo. I risultati di questi studi sono almeno ambigui. Ciò è sottolineato con forza, come in diverse occasioni i ricercatori indipendenti riuscito a replicare i risultati eccezionali che l'insegnamento EMDR IncorporatedThe azienda vende negli Stati metodo di insegnamento Uniti, hanno pubblicato.

Excerpt: I read with interest this exchange listings on the EMDR technique. EMDR has also spoken of the recent meeting of Moiano, organized by Psychologists for the PeopleOn "models of intervention in emergency psychology". As Moiano, I wish it could deepen a discourse on the subject, precisely because in the psychology of post-traumatic stress, EMDR is one of the most controversial topics discussed by a dozen years now. Starting from the allegations "shocking" of Francine Shapiro, the creator of the method by which the vast majority of forms of PTSD regressed rapidly with some sessions are associated with eye movements saccadic 'imagery traumatic event, has developed a large line of research seeks to empirically test the real effectiveness of the method. The results of these trials are at least ambiguous. This is strongly emphasized, as on several occasions independent researchers failed to replicate the outstanding results that teaching EMDR IncorporatedThe company sells in the United States teaching method, have published.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

426. Hase, M. [2003]. Die "wenig belastende beispielerinnerung“: Ein beitrag zur EMDR-behandlungsplanung [The "little stress as memory": A contribution to EMDR treatment planning]. Biespielerinnerung, Michael Hase.

Language: German

Format: Other

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ist eine sehr wirksame Therapiemethode in der Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung, assozierter Störungen und anderer psychischer Störungen. Das Modell der adaptiven Informationsverarbeitung stellt einen theoretischen Rahmen bereit, um die Wirkung des EMDR zu erklären und bietet im Sinne eines Krankheitsmodells Anleitung zur Diagnostik und Behandlungsplanung. EMDR ist ein manualisiertes Verfahren und die Berücksichtung der vorgeschlagenen Protokolle und Prozeduren ist für einen Behandlungserfolg essentiell. Die phasenorientierte Behandlungsplanung nimmt in der Therapie traumatisierter Menschen generell einen hohen Stellenwert ein und ist auch für eine EMDR-Therapie sehr wichtig. Die Bearbeitung einer „wenig belastenden Beispielerinnerung“ in der Frühphase einer EMDR-Therapie bietet einen guten Einstieg in die sich anschließende Traumabearbeitung und ist besonders in der Arbeit mit akut Traumatisierten und komplexen Störungsbildern hilfreich.
Summary: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a very effective Method of therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, an associate Disorders and other mental disorders. The model of adaptive Information processing provides a theoretical framework to evaluate the effect of EMDR explain and offer guidance in terms of a disease model for the diagnosis and Treatment planning. EMDR is a manualized procedures and the consideration of the proposed protocols and procedures is essential for a successful treatment. The phase-oriented treatment planning in general it will in the treatment of traumatized people of great value and is also responsible for EMDR therapy is very important. The processing a "little strain as memory" in the early stages of an EMDR therapy offers a good introduction to the subsequent trauma and is particularly in the work helpful with acute and complex trauma disorders.

Keywords: Treatment Planning

Accuracy Verified: Yes

427. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & van der Meer, K. (1997). Die bedeutung der kognitiven faktoren im rahmen des 'eye movement desensitization and reprocessing' (EMDR): Ein fallbeispiel einer klientin mit angst vor erbrechen [The significance of cognitive factors in the 'eye movement desensitization and reprocessing "(EMDR): A case example of a client framework vomiting with fear before]. In C.T. Eschenröder (Ed.), EMDR: Eine neue Methode zur Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen (pp. 123-133). Tübingen: DGTV-Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Vomiting

Accuracy Verified: Yes

428. Lamprecht, F., Lempa, W., & Sack, M. (2000). Die behandlung posttraumatischer belastungsstoerungen mit EMDR [Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder using EMDR]. Psychotherapie im Dialog, 1, 45-51.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Mit der EMDR-Behandlung (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) steht ein relativ neues, sehr zeitökonomisches Verfahren zur Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung zur Verfügung. Es handelt sich um eine manualisierte therapeutische Methode, die in 8 Phasen eingeteilt werden kann. Anhand von 2 Kasuistiken wird die Vorgehensweise der EMDR-Behandlung veranschaulicht. Eigene Arbeitserfahrungen und Forschungsergebnisse ergeben ein sehr positives Bild von der Wirksamkeit der EMDR-Behandlung. Auch auf der Basis der international vorliegenden Forschungsergebnisse kann daher der Schluss gezogen werden, dass EMDR eine effektive und ökonomische Methode der Behandlung Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörungen darstellt.

With EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a relatively new, very time-economical method for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder are available. It is a manualized therapeutic method that can be divided into 8 phases. Based on 2 case reports the approach of EMDR is illustrated. Own work experiences and research results give a very positive picture of the effectiveness of EMDR treatment. Also on the basis of the internationally available research can therefore be concluded that EMDR is an effective and economical method of treating post-traumatic stress disorder the circuit.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stabilization Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

429. Plassmann, R. (2007). Die kunst des lassens: Psychotherapie mit EMDR fur erwachsene und kinder [The art of giving. EMDR for adults and children]. Reihe: edition psychosozial, Giessen: Psychosozial-Verlag.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Das Buch beschreibt auf sehr lebendige Weise, mit vielen Fallbeispielen, wie das EMDR und die moderne Hirnforschung die Psychotherapie auf eine völlig neue Grundlage gestellt haben und uns Möglichkeiten an die Hand gegeben haben, die vorher nicht bestanden. Es erläutert dem Fachmann die Arbeitsweise und deren wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und potenziellen Patienten, wie ihr Weg durch den Heilungsprozess aussieht.Wie fördert man seelische Heilungs- und Wachstumsprozesse? Vor dieser Herausforderung steht die wissenschaftliche Psychotherapie seit nunmehr 100 Jahren. Entscheidende Fortschritte sind in den letzten Jahren durch die neuen Methoden der modernen Traumatherapie möglich geworden. Gleichzeitig hat uns die moderne Hirnforschung Einblick gegeben, wie das Gehirn emotionale Belastungen verarbeitet. Die EMDR-Technik (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) konzentriert sich der Patient auf ein belastendes Erlebnis während seine Augen gleichzeitig den Handbewegungen des Therapeuten folgen, wodurch eine entlastende Wirkung eintritt. Das Buch beschreibt mit vielen Fallbeispielen auf sehr lebendige Weise, wie das EMDR und die moderne Hirnforschung die Psychotherapie auf eine völlig neue Grundlage gestellt und uns neue Möglichkeiten an die Hand gegeben haben. Es erläutert dem Fachmann die Arbeitsweise und deren wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und potenziellen Patienten, wie ihr Weg durch den Heilungsprozess aussieht, bei Essstörungen, Borderlinestörungen, Traumafolgestörungen und bei allen durch emotionale Überlastung entstandenen Erkrankungen.

The book describes in lively fashion, with many case studies provided as EMDR and modern brain research and therapy in a completely new basis have and have given us opportunities to the hand that were not there before. It explains the workings of the expert and the scientific basis and potential patients, as its way through the healing process aussieht.Wie promotes spiritual healing and growth it processes? That is the challenge the scientific psychotherapy is now 100 years since. Decisive progress in recent years made possible by new methods of modern trauma therapy. At the same time our modern brain research has given insight into how the brain processes emotional stress. The EMDR technique (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) focuses the patient on a stressful experience at the same time as his eyes follow the hand movements of the therapist, making an exculpatory effect occurs. The book describes many case studies have a very vivid way, as the modern brain research and the EMDR psychotherapy on an entirely new basis, and given us new opportunities to the hand. It explains the workings of the expert and the scientific basis and potential patients, as you look way through the healing process by eating disorders, borderline personality disorders, trauma disorders, and in all subsequent congestion caused by emotional disorders.

Keywords: Adults Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

430. Wagner, F. (2004). Die wirksamkeit von eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bei der posttraumatischen belastungsstorung im vergleich zu kontrollbedingungen und kognitiv-behavioralen therapien: Eine metaanalytische untersuchung [Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder compared with control conditions, and cognitive-behavioral therapies]. Zugl: Heidelberg. doi:volltextserver/volltexte/2005/5803 . --.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Metaanalyse war es, die Wirksamkeit von EMDR und kognitiv-behavioralen Therapieverfahren bei der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung mit dem aktuellen Stand an Publikationen metaanalytisch zu untersuchen. In einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche wurden hierfür sowohl publizierte Originalarbeiten als auch unpublizierte Manuskripte recherchiert. Insgesamt gingen 32 Originalstudien in die Metaanalyse ein. 13 der Studien waren reine EMDR-Studien; 7 untersuchten sowohl eine Gruppe mit EMDR als auch eine Gruppe mit kognitiv-behavioraler Therapie. 12 Studien waren reine kognitiv-behaviorale Therapiestudien. Darüber hinaus sollte die Wirksamkeit unter dem Gesichtspunkt der verschiedenen PTSD- und komorbiden Symptomatiken betrachtet werden. In einem weiteren Schritt wurde EMDR direkt mit kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlungsmethoden verglichen. Effektstärken wurden sowohl für die PTSD-Symptomkategorien Intrusionen, Vermeidung und erhöhtes Arousal als auch für die komorbiden Symptome Angst und Depression berechnet. Die Berechnung der Effektstärken erfolgte anhand von standardisierten Mittelwertsvergleichen. Neben dem direkten Vergleich von EMDR mit kognitiv-behavioralen Therapieansätzen bzw. von EMDR und kognitiv-behavioraler Therapie mit Kontrollgruppen (Post-/Post-Vergleich) wurden auch die Veränderungen innerhalb der Behandlungsgruppen berechnet (Prä-/Post-Vergleich). In den Post-/Post-Vergleich gingen nur kontrollierte und randomisierte Originalstudien ein. In den Prä-/Post-Vergleich hingegen wurden auch Ein-Gruppen-Studien aufgenommen. Als Effektmaß wurde Hedges´d verwendet. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass sowohl EMDR als auch die kognitiv-behaviorale Therapie wirksam in der Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung sind. Beide Verfahren reduzieren in klinisch bedeutsamem Umfang, sowohl unmittelbar als auch lang anhaltend, die PTSD-Symptomatiken Intrusionen, Vermeidung und erhöhtes Arousal. Darüber hinaus führen beide Behandlungsmethoden auch zu einer Reduktion der komorbiden Symptomatiken Angst und Depression. Die Effektivität beider Verfahren zeigt sich hierbei sowohl im Prä-/Post-Vergleich als auch im direkten Post-/Post-Vergleich mit einer Kontrollbedingung. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich eine ähnlich hohe Wirksamkeit von EMDR und kognitiv-behavioraler Therapie, sowohl im Vergleich der Prä-/Post-Effektstärken als auch im direkten Post-/Post-Vergleich. Dennoch scheint es unterschiedliche Einflussfaktoren zu geben, welche die Therapieeffektivität sowohl bei EMDR als auch bei kognitiv-behavioraler Therapie beeinflussen. Aufgrund der geringen Studienzahl lassen sich diese Faktoren jedoch nicht näher untersuchen. Des Weitern zeichnen sich Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Effizienz der beiden Therapieformen ab: So beträgt die durchschnittliche Behandlungsdauer bei EMDR 5 Sitzungen, bei der kognitiv-behavioralen Therapie hingegen 8 Sitzungen. Darüber hinaus ist die Expositionsdosis bei den kognitiv-behavioralen Therapien höher als bei EMDR.
Die Befunde zur Wirksamkeit der bilateralen Stimulation sind hingegen weniger eindeutig. Allerdings sind Studien, welche den Versuch unternehmen, die Augenbewegungen bei Personen mit PTSD isoliert zu betrachten, oftmals von erheblichen methodischen Mängeln gekennzeichnet. Einzelne Befunde und Modellvorstellungen zur Rolle der bilateralen Stimulation beim EMDR werden im Diskussionsteil erörtert.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of EMDR and cognitive-behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder with the current meta-analysis of publications. In a comprehensive literature search for this original work, both published and unpublished manuscripts were researched. A total of 32 original studies were included in the meta-analysis. 13 of the studies were pure EMDR studies; 7 examined both a group and a group with EMDR with CBT. 12 studies were purely cognitive-behavioral therapy studies. Moreover, the effectiveness should be considered in the light of various PTSD and comorbid symptomatology. In a further step EMDR was compared directly with cognitive-behavioral treatment methods. Effect sizes were calculated for both the PTSD symptom categories intrusions, avoidance and increased arousal as well as the comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression. The calculation of effect sizes was based on standardized mean comparisons. In addition to the direct comparison of EMDR with cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches and EMDR and CBT with control groups (Post-/Post-Vergleich) and the changes within the treatment groups were calculated (Prä-/Post-Vergleich). In the only controlled and randomized Post-/Post-Vergleich original studies were submitted. In contrast Prä-/Post-Vergleich also single-group studies were included. Hedges'd was used as a measure of effect. The results suggest that both the EMDR and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Both methods reduce in clinically relevant extent, both immediate and long lasting, the PTSD symptomatology intrusions, avoidance and increased arousal. In addition, both treatments lead to a reduction in comorbid anxiety and depression symptomatology. The effectiveness of both methods is shown here both in Prä-/Post-Vergleich as well as direct Post-/Post-Vergleich with a control condition. Moreover, there is a similar level of effectiveness of EMDR and CBT, both in comparison to the Prä-/Post-Effektstärken as well as direct Post-/Post-Vergleich. Nevertheless, there seems to be different factors that influence the effectiveness of both EMDR therapy as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy. Due to the small number of studies, these factors can, however, examine in detail. Weitern the distinguished differences in the efficiency of the two forms of therapy from: Thus, the average duration of treatment with EMDR is 5 sessions in cognitive-behavioral therapy, however, 8 sessions. In addition, the exposure dose in the cognitive-behavioral therapies is higher than EMDR. The findings on the effectiveness of bilateral stimulation, however, are less clear. However, studies that attempt to isolate the eye movements with PTSD in persons often characterized by significant methodological flaws. Individual findings and concepts on the role of bilateral stimulation in EMDR are discussed in the discussion section.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

431. Hopper, J., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., Yehuda, R., van der Kolk, B. A., & Simpson, W. (2003, October-November). Differential biological outcomes of EMDR and fluoxetine for PTSD. In B. A. van der Kolk (Chair), Treatment outcome studies of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Treatment Outcome Studies of PTSD: This symposium presents three large carefully controlled treatment outcome studies using four different treatment modalities (CBT, EMDR, psychopharmacology and Cognitive Processing) and presents data on comparative efficacy, treatment responsiveness and resistance, effects on comorbidity, quality of life, and biological changes that accompany symptom improvement.

Differential Biological Outcomes of EMDR and Fluoxetine for PTSD: Two major developments in PTSD research have been the development of effective treatments and the delineation of pathophysiology. While major gains have been made in both of these areas, they have occurred in parallel. There is a need for investigations of possible differential effects of different treatment modalities on biological aspects of PTSD. In this randomized controlled trial (N = 105), we compared the exposure treatment Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, the serotonergic reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, and pill placebo for their effects on both PTSD symptoms and biological parameters. The outcome measures were severity of reexperiencing, avoidant/numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms; psychophysiological reactivity to script-driven imagery; basal salivary cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test (DST). At pre-treatment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, saliva samples were acquired at 8 a.m., 11 p.m. (immediately followed by dexamethasone) and 8 a.m.. Participants also underwent a script-driven imagery protocol utilizing four 30s scripts, each followed by a 60s script imaging period and 2 minute recovery periods (fixed order: neutral, trauma, neutral, trauma). Preliminary analyses partially support hypothesizes concerning differential efficacies of pharmacological and psychological treatments on different symptom clusters and biological markers of the disorder, at post-treatment and 3- month follow-up. Potential implications for treatment and future research will be discussed.

Keywords: Fluoxetine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

432. Gelbach, R. A., & Davis, K. E. B. (2007). Disaster response: EMDR and family systems therapy under communitywide stress. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 387-404). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Disaster is commonly understood as an overwhelming misfortune that is not easily overcome or set right. Though our lives may go on after a disaster, it is virtually certain that they will have been transformed in some profound way. Nevertheless, it is very clear that not all who live through a disaster will be traumatized by it and that only a fraction of survivors will develop trauma-related disorders such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Societies that have resources and choose to use them to shore up the infrastructure quickly and effectively will buffer their populations from increasing levels of PTSD. The impact of disasters on family and societal function and intervention priorities are discussed here. Report of the Task Force (2002) of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies is summarized next. The chapter then discusses psychotherapy as a response to disaster. Two approaches to postdisaster psychotherapy that have adapted well in diverse cultural environments are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) and family systems approaches. The therapy process is presented next. Other topics here include family and cultural considerations and group treatment. A case example is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Disaster Response Disasters Emotional Trauma Family Systems Therapy Family Therapy Post Disaster Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stress Society Therapy Process

Accuracy Verified: Yes

433. Valdez, D. W. (2006, September 10). Disasters, crime leave their marks on survivors. El Paso, TX: El Paso Times, Lifestyle.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
"There are some new treatment approaches that can shorten the amount of time some of these people have to spend in therapy," Patterson said. "One of these is known as EMDR -- eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. It is effective." The treatment, developed in the late 1980s, uses eye movement in connection with images or other reminders to help people to release a trauma.

Keywords: Crime El Paso Disasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

434. Charbit, J. (2007, September). Discussion: Quel est l’effet spécifique des mouvements oculaires? [What is the specific effect of eye movements?]. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique, 165(7), 527-528. doi:10.1016/j.amp.2007.06.003.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract: Réponse du Rapporteur – Depuis son élaboration, l’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), en tant que technique psychothérapique brève, a suscité des études aussi nombreuses que diverses. S’inscrivant dans différentes perspectives, les auteurs de ces recherches ont axé leurs travaux soit pour démontrer l’efficacité de cette technique par rapport à d’autres traitements aussi bien pharmacologiques que psychothérapiques, soit pour souligner l’importance de certaines composantes spécifiques à l’EMDR comme la bilatéralisation des mouvements oculaires (MO) [ou d’autres stimuli], soit, enfin, pour jeter les bases d’un modèle neuropsychologique pouvant constituer un cadre théorique explicatif.

Rapporteur's answer - Since its development, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), as Technical brief psychotherapy, has also prompted studies numerous and diverse. As part of different perspectives, the authors of these studies have focused either to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique over to other treatments as well as pharmacological psychotherapy, either to emphasize the importance of certain components specific to EMDR as bilateralization eye movement (MO) [or other stimuli] or, finally, to lay the groundwork for a neuropsychological model may constitute a theoretical explanation.

Keywords: Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

435. Draijer, N. (1996, December). Dissociation in an international perspective: The 1995 Amsterdam Papers. Dissociation, 9(4), 219-220.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Lazrove and Fine describe both the use of and contraindications to EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) in the treatment of DID patients. This technique is an alternate method for managing the processing of trauma. It must be modified to conform to the principles of fractionated trauma work. Apparently such approaches are to be used only by clinicians highly-skilled in work with dissociative disorder patients who are also well-trained in EMDR.

Keywords: Editorial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

436. Forgash, C. (2010, September/October). Dissociation in the dental chair: Implications for the EMDR treatment of health issues. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR treatment is effective in dealing with many health problems (exacerbated by dissociation)encountered by many complex trauma clients. The negative sequelae of abuse on the physical and mental health of these clients includes flashbacks and dissociative episodes. They are frequently avoidant of health care, which can lead to further consequences. This presentation will focus on expanding the EMDR Preparation Phase; presenting strategies to deal with dissociation, emotional issues, and PTSD symptoms. The Desensitization and Reprocessing Phase will deal with earlier traumatic events, health issues and current and past dissociative events which are frequently at the root of these problems.

Keywords: Dissociation Health Issues

Accuracy Verified: Yes

437. van der Hart, O., Groenendijk, M., Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Solomon, R. (2013). Dissociation of the personality and EMDR therapy in complex trauma-related disorders: Applications in the stabilization phase. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 81-94. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.81.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As proposed in a previous article in this journal, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinicians treating clients with complex trauma-related disorders may benefit from knowing and applying the theory of structural dissociation of the personality (TSDP) and its accompanying psychology of action. TSDP postulates that dissociation of the personality is the main feature of traumatization and a wide range of trauma-related disorders from simple posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to dissociative identity disorder (DID). The theory may help EMDR therapists to develop a comprehensive map for understanding the problems of clients with complex trauma-related disorders and to formulate and carry out a treatment plan. The expert consensus model in complex trauma is phase-oriented treatment in which a stabilization and preparation phase precedes the treatment of traumatic memories. This article focuses on the initial stabilization and preparatory phase, which is very important to safely and effectively use EMDR in treating complex trauma. Central themes are (a) working with maladaptive beliefs, (b) overcoming dissociative phobias, and (c) an extended application of resourcing

Keywords: Dissociation Dissociative Disorders Structural Dissociation of the Personality Phase-Oriented Treatment Stabilization Phase

Accuracy Verified: Yes

438. van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., & Solomon, R. (2010). Dissociation of the personality in complex trauma-related disorders and EMDR: Theoretical considerations. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(2), 76-92. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.2.76.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been increasingly applied in complex trauma-related disorders, including complex dissociative disorders, and trauma-related borderline personality disorder, EMDR practice may benefit from theories developed to account for the dissociative nature of these disorders, such as the theory of structural dissociation of the personality (TSDP). TSDP postulates that the personality of traumatized individuals is unduly divided in two basic types of dissociative subsystems or parts. One type involves dissociative parts primarily mediated by daily life action systems or motivational systems. The other type involves dissociative parts, fixated in traumatic memories, primarily mediated by the defense action system. The more severe and chronic the traumatization, the more dissociative parts can be expected to exist. This article presents the basics of TSDP, and a second article will provide guidelines for the treatment of complex trauma-related disorders based on this theory.

Keywords: Complex Trauma Dissociation Dissociation of the Personality Dissociative Disorders Integration Ohase-Oriented Treatment Structural Dissociation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

439. Fenstermaker, D. (1992, April). Dissociative disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper details a protocol of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of Dissociative Disorders. EMDR replaces amytal abreactions, the numerous methods of restraint abreactions, and hypnotic abreactions.[Author absract]

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

440. Fenstermaker, D. (1993, March). Dissociative disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: