Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links

 

 

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1. 이선혜; 김석현; & 김대호 [Lee, Sun Hye, Kim, Seok Hyeon, & Kim, Daeho] (2007). 차 항우울제 치료에 반응 않는 외상후 스트레스 장애의 EMDR 병합 치료 증례 [ Add-on EMDR for posttraumatic stress disorder not responding to initial antidepressant therapy：Case report]. 생물치료정신의학 제13권 제2호, 46 [Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapy in Psychiatry, 13(2), 346-351].

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
외상후 스트레스 장애 (PTSD)의 치료 전략에 대한 문학의 성장 본문있다. 그리고 metaanalyses 및 임상 지침 등장으로 진행합니다. CBT 또는 EMDR이 인구에 대한 치료의 첫번째 라인에 대한 권장되었습니다 최근 외상 중심. 그러나, 아주 작은 문학은 약물과 PTSD의 심리 치료의 통합 치료를위한 존재합니다. 이 사건 보고서는 처음 약은 치료에 대응하는 데 실패하지만, EMDR이 추가된 후에 나중에 향상했다 PTSD 두 개인을 소개합니다. 또한 제어 연구는이 찾는 일반화하기 위해 필요합니다.
There is a growing body of literature on the treatment strategy of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). And metaanalyses and clinical guidelines continue to emerge. Recently, trauma-focused CBT or EMDR have been recommended for the 1st line of therapy for this population. However, very little literature exists for combined treatment of medication and psychotherapy in PTSD. This case report introduces two individuals with PTSD, who had initially failed to respond to antidepressant therapy, but later improved after EMDR was added. Further controlled studies are needed to generalize this finding.

Keywords: Antidepressants  Combined Treatment  Drug Therapy  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. 이선혜 (저자) ; 김석현 (저자) ; 김대호 (저자) [Yiseonhye; Seok; & Dae-Ho] (2007). 차 항우울제 치료에 반응 않는 외상후 스트레스 장애의 EMDR 병합 치료 증례 [EMDR for posttraumatic stress disorder not responding to initial antidepressant therapy：Case report]. 생물치료정신의학 제13권 제2호, 46 [Biological Treatment of Psychiatry, 13(2), 246].

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:

외상후 스트레스 장애 (PTSD)의 치료 전략에 대한 문학의 성장 본문있다. 그리고 metaanalyses 및 임상 지침 등장으로 진행합니다. CBT 또는 EMDR이 인구에 대한 치료의 첫번째 라인에 대한 권장되었습니다 최근 외상 중심. 그러나, 아주 작은 문학은 약물과 PTSD의 심리 치료의 통합 치료를위한 존재합니다. 이 사건 보고서는 처음 약은 치료에 대응하는 데 실패하지만, EMDR이 추가된 후에 나중에 향상했다 PTSD 두 개인을 소개합니다. 또한 제어 연구는이 찾는 일반화하기 위해 필요합니다.
There is a growing body of literature on the treatment strategy of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). And metaanalyses and clinical guidelines continue to emerge. Recently, trauma-focused CBT or EMDR have been recommended for the 1st line of therapy for this population. However, very little literature exists for combined treatment of medication and psychotherapy in PTSD. This case report introduces two individuals with PTSD, who had initially failed to respond to antidepressant therapy, but later improved after EMDR was added. Further controlled studies are needed to generalize this finding.

Keywords: Antidepressants  Combined Treatment  Drug Therapy  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: No

3. Wilson, S., Becker, L., & Tinker, R. H. (1995, June). 15-Month follow up of EMDR treatment for traumatic memory. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
We previously reported on the outcomes of a controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) effectiveness in the treatment of traumatic memory (Wilson, Tinker, & Becker, 1994; Wilson, Becker, & tinker, in press). In that study we found that three, 90-minute sessions of EMDR (Shapiro, 1995) "normalized the psychological functioning of the previously traumatized participants (g = 80) on all dependent measures. The present study is a 15-month follow up of those participants. I Method: The research design is shown in Table 1. Participants were randomly assigned to EMDR or to Delayed EMDR conditions. Pretreatment measurement occurred at measurement time TI. Participants in the EMDR condition received EMDR between T1 and T2; those in the Delayed EMDR condition received EMDR between T2 and T3. All participants were tested immediately following treatment and at 3 months following treatment (at T4). The 15 month, long-term follow up occurred at measurement time T5. An independent assessor collected all of the following dependent measures: Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS; Wolpe, 1990), Impact of Events Scale (IES; Hmowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979), State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R, Derogatis, 1992). [Table 1. The Research Design, Treatment Condition, Measurement Time: T1 T2 T3 T4 T5; EMDR Treatment: 01 x 02 03 04; Delayed EMDR Treatment 01 02 x 03 04 05; Note: T = Time of measurement; 0 = Observation; X = Treatment administered.] II. Results: Two analyses were performed to assess the impact of EMDR treatment at the 15-month follow up. First, in order to assess the overall, long-term impact of EMDR, the 15-month follow-up scores were compared with the pretreatment scores. There was significant improvement on all nine measures at the 15-month follow up: The multivariate effect was significant (Wilk's Lambda =.11, p<.0005) as were all nine of the univariate effects (all p <.0005). Second, in order to assess whether the improvement shown immediately following EMDR treatment had been maintained over the following year the immediate posttreatment scores were compared with, the 15-month follow-up scores. The multivariate test was nonsignificant (Wilk's lambda=.74, p=.079), indicating the improvement shown immediately following EMDR was maintained 15 months later. The univariate analyses indicated additional improvement for the PTSD symptoms of intrusions (IES Intrusion: F(1,56)=7.71, p=307) and avoidance (IES avoidance: F_(1,56) -4.44, p=.040). None of the nine measures showed deterioration at the 15-month follow up. Prior to EMDR treatment 45% (g= 9) of the responders had been diagnosed as PTSD, at the 15-month follow up only 7% (g = 4) were diagnosed as PTSD (chi-squareo, N=61)= .72, p < .05). III. Responders Versus Nonresponders at the 15-Month Follow up.: At the time of writing this abstract, 75% of the participants (g=61) have responded to the 15-month follow up. In general, measures taken prior to treatment did not differentiate responders fiom nonresponders. Responding at the 15-month follow up was unrelated to age, gender, marital status or years of education, although the annual income of the responders (Mdn=21,500) was higher than that of the nonresponders (Mdn = 14,750, Mann-Whitney U=372.5, p=.017). Responding or not at 15 months was unrelated to the type of trauma experienced, whether or not the participants had been in therapy prior to EMDR treatment, or how long ago the trauma had occurred. It was also unrelated to the severity of the trauma as measured by the pretreatment scores on the nine dependent variables and to whether or not the participant met the PTSD diagnosis criteria prior to treatment. A multiple regression analysis used the immediate posttreatment and 90-day posttreatment scores to predict whether or not the participant responded at the 15-month follow up. Nonrespondents were more likely to be depressed at 90-days following treatment than were respondents (R square=.O8, B=-.16, Beta = -.28, F_L1,71)=5.99, p=.017). No other variables entered into the regression model. IV Discussiona and Conclusion, Tretement effects found immediately following EMDR treatment wer maintained or improved 15 months later and thee was a significant decrease in the number of participants diagnosed as PTSD at the 15 month follow up. The comparison of responders to nonresponders at the 15 month follow up showed that the nonresponders were more depressed than the responders, raising the possiblity that the present results may be favorably biased to some extent. The discussion will include the additional, subjective impressions of participants who did not respond to the follow up. Limitations of EMDR with this population will be discussed, including the influence of comorbidity, multiple traumas, retraumatization after treatment, and spontaneous recurrence of symptoms. V. References: 1) Derogatis, L. R. (1992). SCL-90: Administration Scoring and Procedures Manual II. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research. 2) Horowitz, M. J., Wilmer, N. & Alverez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Distress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209-218. 3) Shapiro, F. (1995), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures. 4) Speilberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. D., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. 5) Wilson, S. A., Tinker, R. A., & Becker, L. A. (1994, November). Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)Treatment for Trauma Victims. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL. 6) Wilson, S. A., Becker, L. A., & Tinker, R. A. (In press), EMDR, treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

Keywords: Follow-up  Traumatic Memory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Tarrier, N., Liversidge, T., & Gregg, L. (2006, November). The acceptability and preference for the psychological treatment for PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(11), 1643-1656. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.11.012.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The acceptability and preference of psychological treatments is important in understanding patient treatment seeking, choice, engagement and attrition and possibly treatment response in health care. The acceptability of, and preference for, 14 different types of psychological treatment for PTSD were investigated in a student population through invitation to participate in a web-based survey. Respondents were asked to rate each treatment on 10 scales and to rank the treatments in order of preference. Respondents were also asked whether they would seek treatment themselves, recommend treatment to friends and family, feel stigmatised by suffering from PTSD, had any prior knowledge of the treatments and if this had been positive or negative, and whether they had a history of psychological problems or treatment. A total of 330 respondents completed the survey. A past or current history of psychological problems and treatment was surprisingly high. Almost all respondents indicated that they would seek or recommend treatment in spite of high levels of stigmatisation. Factor analysis of the 10 scales indicated two factors: Endorsement and Discomfort. Rank ordering on preference and Endorsement scores was highly consistent. The highly preferred and endorsed treatments involved cognitive therapy, exposure, or psycho-education in spite of high levels of discomfort anticipated with exposure. Treatments involving new technologies, EMDR, and psychodynamic psychotherapy received the lowest Endorsement and preference. There was a modest influence of prior knowledge of a treatment. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy  Cognitive Therapy  Exposure Therapy  College Students  Computer Assisted Psychotherapy  Empirical Study  Family Therapy  Group Psychotherapy  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Preference  Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy  Psychological Treatment  Psychotherapeutic Processes  PTSD  Quantitative Study  Relaxation Therapy  Treatment Acceptability  Virtual Reality Exposure  Web-Based Survey  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Wesselmann, D. (2009, August). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviors associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child’s ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, help the child stay regulated, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviors, coping, and relationships.

Keywords: Children  RAD  Reactive Attachment Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Wesselmann, D. (2010, June). Adapting EMDR for children with reactive attachment disorder behaviours. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The EMDR approach is extremely helpful for treating problems in children exhibiting behaviours associated with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, children with early pathological care frequently suffer from severe emotion dysregulation. They lack adaptive information or insights, and they feel alienated from others. All of these problems lower the child's ability to cope, and they become easily overwhelmed and shut down during EMDR. This presentation will help the clinician adapt the standard EMDR protocol for this difficult population through creative methods to overcome resistance, provide a secure holding environment, and assist reprocessing, leading to improved behaviours, coping, and relationships.

Keywords: Children  RAD  Reactive Attachment Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Fisher, J. A. (2000, November). Adapting EMDR techniques in the treatment of dysregulated or dissociative patients. Presentation at the International Society for the Study of Dissociation Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Since its inception, EMDR [Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing] has been understood by both clinicians and patients as a powerful vehicle for processing traumatic experience but one to be undertaken only when the patient has achieved some degree of stabilization (Shapiro, 1992). In DID and DDNOS patients, that baseline stability is also supposed to include a level of internal communication and consensus that would permit cooperation between parts of self about how to tolerate the memory processing and how to re-stabilize afterward. However, as any clinician who works with this population knows, some dissociative disorder patients never achieve that degree of internal coherence, and some have a long, rocky, tumultuous, exhausting road to travel before they get there. Faced with the DID or DDNOS patient who cannot tolerate affect or associations to traumatic memories; who cannot control switching, get grounded, or resolve internal struggles over power and control; who is unable to manage selfdestructive impulses; who cannot differentiate past and present experience; who is even unable to tolerate Resource Development (Korn & Leeds, 2002) or create a Safe Place inside—is there any way that EMDR can be helpful?

Keywords: Dissociation  Dysregulation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. Miller, R., & Tay, K. H. (2009, August). Adapting the standard EMDR protocol for clients with mild mental retardation: Some guidelines and implications. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR as a psychotherapeutic approach has been shown to be effective. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the efficacy of EMDR for clients diagnosed with mild mental retardation. The DSM-IV defines mild mental retardation as below average intelligence (IQ between 70 and 55) along with some deficiencies in adaptive functioning skills demonstrated before age 18. The purpose of our clinical project was to explore the applicability of EMDR for our adult clients (n = 12; mean age 22.5) diagnosed with mild mental retardation by adapting the standard protocol. Studies showed that individuals with mental retardation learn and retain information more effectively when materials are presented to them in a visual, concrete, and interactive manner while utilizing the principles of positive reinforcements.
The prevalence of mental health problems and the wide range of clinical symptoms among these individuals have been reported in several studies. Additionally, these adults are misunderstood as being overly limited in their ability to reap any therapeutic benefit from counseling interventions. Prout and Strohmer (1998), for instance, argued that adults with mental retardation do benefit from counseling interventions. However, they stressed the need for more sophisticated or modified use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Psychotherapeutic techniques and models should be modified, if feasible, in regards to language and cognitive levels commensurate with the clients’ background.
Based on our clinical observations, the following are some examples of proposed guidelines to assist the EMDR clinicians in thinking more creatively when adapting the standard protocol.
1) Considerable amount of preparation at the onset of EMDR is necessary, as it plays a pivotal role in ensuring a successful outcome.
2) Visual depiction of the SUDs and VOCs on a scale of 0 through 5, or 0 through 10, depending on the client’s cognitive abilities is beneficial. Use of “faces” to depict concretely various levels of distress should be made.
3) The concepts of PC and NC may be too abstract for some in this population. We assist clients by operationally defining those concepts with the list of commonly used PCs and NCs in simpler language.
4) Coping resources are sometimes limited for these adults. Clients will benefit from having multiple reinforcements of self-soothing skills thorough the installation of the “safe place” and “resources”.
5) Positive reinforcements (e.g., frequent verbal reminders) should be used regularly in sessions throughout treatment. However, be mindful of clients’ desire to please the clinician.
6) Role-playing should be used when feasible throughout treatment, e.g., during the installation of future templates, as it heightens more sensory, affective, and behavioral modes of learning rather than verbal modality alone.
Based on the treatment outcomes reported by our clients, EMDR is an effective treatment option, as evidenced by sustained reduction in their level of distress to traumatic memories. Findings from this clinical project have practice and research implications. First, the standard protocol should be adapted for use with adults with mild mental retardation to achieve optimal gain. Second, empirical research is needed to provide further evidence for the efficacy of EMDR for adults with mild mental retardation.

Keywords: Mental Retardation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. Vogelmann-Sine, S., Popky, A. J., Lazrove, S., Sine, L., Speare, J., Wade, D., & Wade, T. (1995, June). Advanced clinical applications of EMDR to addictive behaviors. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop addresses the application of standard and modified EMDR treatment protocols to addictive and compulsive behaviors including substance abuse/dependence, overeating, smoking, love addiction. Individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors frequently have suffered from childhood trauma and neglect resulting in developmental arrests, as well as a variety of maladaptive behaviors which are trauma-related and serve to minimize pain. The successful implementation of EMDR to addictive behaviors requires that EMDR be used as part of an overall treatment program carefully addressing the needs of individuals who have been traumatized and are exhibiting addictive behaviors. A thorough diagnostic work up is needed aimed at assessing comorbidity, dissociation, and a detailed trauma history covering childhood traumas and traumas suffered as adults including traumas that occur as a consequence of addictive behaviors. Careful client preparation is essential to assist individuals in coping adequately with the high levels of emotion experienced during EMDR Clients' readiness to stop compulsive/addictive behaviors needs to be carefully evaluated. A decision tree aimed at determining the appropriateness of EMDR to individuals diagnosed with addictive behaviors is presented which assists clinicians in minimizing the premature use of EMDR. EMDR is a client centered method, and thus, careful pacing is needed with this population to reprocess underlying traumatic issues. This frequently implies utilizing a modified EMDR treatment protocol with only partial resolutions of underlying traumatic material. Guidelines will be discussed to assist clinicians in selecting EMDR targets for optional results which relate to the stages of recovery. EMDR can be used at all stages of recovery to neutralize the negative impact of memories contributing to problematic behaviors, such as urges to use, ambivalence about treatment, fear of facing painfull feelings from the past. EMDR also has the power to install templates for future actions which assist individuals with skill deficits in more rapidly acquiring necessary skills for a successful recovery. Examples of cognitive interweaves are presented which take into consideration clients' readiness, as well as the need to accelerate the recovery process. EMDR has a unique role in the recovery of traumatized individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors since the accelerated processing of negative experiences and the installation of positive adaptive cognitions assist clients in more rapidly overcoming barriers throughout the recovery process. It also challenges rigid approaches to recovery which frequently stress that trauma work should not be attempted before abstinence has been accomplished for a specified period of time. EMDR is especially valuable in processing core issues which center around shame and manifest in cognitions, such as "I am defective," "There is something wrong with me," "I am not good enough," "I am not quite right," "I don't belong," "I don't deserve to live." Case examples will be given as to how such core issues can be targeted to accelerate the recovery process. A.J. Popky has developed a specialized EMDR treatment protocol which targets levels of urges of addictive/compulsive behaviors directly and installs a positive internal state of feeling empowered without relying on compulsive and addictive behaviors. Case examples fiom clinical practice indicate that when levels of urges are targeted directly, underlying traumas frequently emerge without increasing clients' usage. The symposium addresses the application of this protocol to a range of addictive and compulsive behaviors. The Wades' integrative psychotherapy combines ego-state therapy and EMDR in a psychosocial developmental context. Their substance use disorders treatment program incorporates specialized applications of their integrative psychotherapy, which includes both individual and group therapy and employs hypnosis as well as EMDR Their presentation focuses on applications of the standard EMDR protocol in individual therapy, which is limited primarily to desensitization of dysphoric affect and reprocessing negative cognitions associated with grief and trauma. Their conceptual framework of substance use disorders proceeds from a goal of reducing the harm caused by substance use and a primary distinction between functional and autonomous use (rather than the DSM conceptualizations of "dependence" or "abuse") because this guides interventions. Initial treatment planning depends upon external constraints (e.g., lack of support for positive change, hostile environment), internal limitations (e.g., severity of substance use and its effects, neurocognitive deficits, inadequate "ego strength," lack of skills, disrupted psychosocial development, psychological trauma) and the nature of the substance use disorder (i.e., functional, autonomous, or both). Methods include education about substance use disorders and processes of change, group therapy to develop skills and obtain feedback and support, individual therapy to correct disrupted development and resolve traumatic stress reactions, and exercises to apply what is learned in real-life situations. The standard EMDR protocol is applied to disrupted development involving grief and to resolve psychological trauma that lead to substance use. Case vignettes in which such applications of the standard EMDR protocol were employed are presented in detail.

Keywords: Addictions  Substance Abuse  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. Litt, B. (2012, October). Advanced techniques in the EMDR-based treatment of complex trauma. Presentation at the 29th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Long Beach, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Abstract:EMDR is an efficacious therapy for the treatment of PTSD. Increasingly, EMDR is being recognized as an important and viable therapy in the treatment of complex PTSD, including Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, Dissociative Identity Disorder, and personality disorders that have their origins in attachment trauma. This population presents unique clinical challenges in terms of stability, affect tolerance, and accessibility to trauma resolution. While much has been written and presented about affect regulation, attachment issues, and dissociation, therapists are not often aware that these phenomena emerge and must be managed throughout all phases of EMDR therapy. This presentation will focus on advanced techniques that provide solutions to problems within phases 2,3, and 4. Clinicians will learn techniques to incorporate in the stabilization/ preparation phase and to revisit as necessary in later stages of EMDR treatment. Objectives include helping the patient effectively deal with reactions such as avoidance, freeze, hyperarousal and numbing. Techniques include ego state work and somatic interweaves.In Phase 4, (desensitization) therapists will be learn about the Zone of Optimal Arousal and learn a sequence of advanced techniques to maintain client stability and safety, and to identify when and why a patient has stopped processing.

Learning Objectives: Participants will be able to perform a series of strategies for overcoming looping and blocking in EMDR phases three and four. Participants will be able to utilize the Domains of Self Model to rapidly assess triggers and anticipate processing style and resolution profile. Participants will be able to utilize the Zone of Optimal Processing model to assess problems with processing and select appropriate strategies to safely resume desensitization.

Keywords: Advanced Techniques  Complex Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. Mestanza, R. (2007). Aplicación de terapia cognitivo conductual individual, grupal y EMDR, en adolescentes de 11 a 13 anos con altos nivelesde ansiedad del 8º ano de educación básica de la red educativia Helena Cortes Bedoya, en la ciudad de Quito, ano lectivo 2006-2007 [Application of individual and group cognitive behavioral EMDR therapy to 11 to 13 year old adolescents with high levels of anxiety in the 8th year of the Helena Cortes Bedoya educational network, City of Quito School Year 2006-2007]. Universidad Central Del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Psicologicas, Instituto Superior de Postgrado, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Spanish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general, verificar si la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual individual, grupal y EMDR disminuyen la ansiedad en adolescentes de 11 a 13 años del 8º año de Educación Básica de la Red Educativa Helena Cortes Bedoya, Sector Carapungo de la ciudad de Quito, en el año lectivo 2006-2007. Se tomó como referencia que la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , es el conjunto de técnicas terapéuticas que han resultado del empleo sistemático del método experimental en la Psicología y demás disciplinas afines, empleados con el propósito de modificar pensamientos y conductas desadaptativas . En tanto que EMDR consiste en la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por medio del Movimiento Ocular u otras estimulaciones bi-hemisféricas especialmente para trabajar sobre recuerdos traumáticos. La investigación a realizarse fue de tipo explicativo con diseño cuasi- experimental con un grupo de sujetos estimado del 30 al 50 % del total de la población de adolescentes evaluados con el test ISRA-J. Con ISRAJ (Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad – Jóvenes ) se evaluó a 70 estudiantes de 8º Año de Educación Básica obteniendo 14 con alto nivel de ansiedad, a los cuales se les invitó a participar en el taller “ Jóvenes en Aprendizaje” durante 12 sesiones. Al grupo se realizó la evaluación pre y post tratamiento, para verificar si la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual individual y en grupo + EMDR, son efectivos para bajar niveles de ansiedad y considerando el género saber que grupo fue beneficiado en mayor medida. Verificada su efectividad, el programa anteriormente señalado, se aplicará para bajar niveles de ansiedad a todos los adolescentes que luego de ser evaluados con el test ISRAJ obtenga un puntaje directo de 51 a 75, con indicación de tratamiento necesario y de 76 a 100 con necesidad de terapia urgente.

The present research aimed generally verify whether cognitive behavioral therapy individual, group and EMDR decrease anxiety in adolescents 11 to 13 years of Grade 8 Basic Education Educational Network Helena Cortes Bedoya, Sector Carapungo of Quito, in the academic year 2006-2007. The reference used was that cognitive behavioral therapy, is the set of therapeutic techniques that have resulted from the systematic use of the experimental method in psychology and other disciplines, employees with the aim of changing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. While EMDR is Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement or other bi-hemispheric stimulation specifically to work on traumatic memories. The research was carried out explanatory type quasi-experimental design with a group of subjects estimated 30 to 50% of the total population of adolescents assessed with the ISRA-J test. With ISRAJ (Inventory of Situations and Responses of Anxiety - Young) was assessed 70 students from Year 8 Basic Education getting 14 with high anxiety, to which were invited to participate in the workshop "Young People in Learning" for 12 sessions. The group evaluation was performed before and after treatment, to verify if the individual and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy + EMDR group, are effective in lowering anxiety levels and considering the genre know that group was benefited most. Verified its effectiveness, the program noted above will apply to lower levels of anxiety to all adolescents be evaluated after the test will score ISRAJ live 51 to 75, indicating the necessary treatment and from 76 to 100 with need Urgent therapy.

Keywords: Adolescents  Helena Cortes Bedoya Educational Network  Group Behavioral Therapy  Quito  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. Villa, M., & Sangiovanni, L. (2008, Novembre). Applicazione dell’EMDR ad una nuova popolazione: I pazienti posturali con dolore cronico e con deficit percettivi [Applying EMDR to a new population: Patients postural with chronic pain and perceptual deficits]. Presentazione al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Lo studio riguarda l’applicazione dell’EMDR ai Pazienti affetti da “Sindrome da deficit posturale” (Da Cuña). Il problema coinvolge il 10% della popolazione, di cui il 15% è sintomatico. È di difficile inquadramento, dato che i sintomi somatici che presenta coinvolgono tutti e tre i versanti delle regolazioni automatiche: dolori muscolo-scheletrici migranti, derivanti da disordini posturali; pseudovertigini, da deficit di localizzazione spaziale; disturbi cognitivi (fino alla dislessia), da alterata integrazione percettiva. Le modalità compensatorie a tali deficit possono investire la sfera psicologica (senso profondo di inadeguatezza, ansia, depressione...), sviluppare atteggiamenti strategici di evitamento (agorafobia da deficit di orientamento spaziale), spingere a interpretare reazioni fisiche come se fossero psicologiche (attacchi di panico, enuresi notturna…). Proprio il sottile intreccio tra aspetti somatici e psicologici rende complessa la diagnosi; può capitare infatti che un paziente con problemi di questa natura si rivolga a un terapista somatico (posturologo, osteopata…), che non coglie il problema. Abbiamo così messo a punto un sistema diagnostico che riconosca se l’aspetto psichico sia conseguenza di un vero disturbo somatico o se invece sostenga una serie di somatizzazioni tendenzialmente derivanti da traumi. Nell’uno o nell’altro caso, l’utilizzo dell’EMDR può essere risolutivo: evidentemente sul versante traumatico, ma pure per la desensibilizzazione delle convinzioni negative derivate dalle strategie psicologiche reattive al deficit somatico. Metodi. La valutazione diagnostica e le variazioni sintomatologiche sono state effettuate con DSMIV, SWAP-200, SCL90-R, TAS 20, VAS, anamnesi posturologica, kinesiologia, posturodinamica, riflessi primitivi e sensoriali, valutazione osteopatica, Maddox, stabilometria basale e con challenges). Risultati. Gli interventi su misura hanno ridotto la sintomatologia, come è rappresentato dalle rilevazioni effettuate e dai feedback dei pazienti. La conoscenza integrata, sia che il primo approccio sia psicologico o posturale, consente una diagnosi accurata e dunque una strategia terapeutica sinergica efficace che permette di sbloccare terapie cronicizzate.

The study concerns the application of EMDR in patients with "postural deficiency syndrome" (Da Cuna). The problem affects 10% of the population, of which 15% are symptomatic. It is classification difficult, because the somatic symptoms presenting involving all three sides automatic adjustments: musculoskeletal pain migrants from postural disorders; pseudovertigini, spatial localization deficit, cognitive problems (up to dyslexia), from altered perceptual integration. The methods compensatory these deficits can invest the ball psychological (deep sense of inadequacy, anxiety, depression ...), develop attitudes strategic avoidance (agoraphobia deficit spatial orientation), push to interpret physical reactions as if they were psychological (panic attacks, nocturnal enuresis ...). Just the subtle interplay between somatic and psychological aspects makes it difficult to diagnose and can in fact happen that a patient with problems of this nature, please ask a somatic therapy (Posture, osteopath ...), who misses the problem. We have thus developed a diagnostic system that recognize if the appearance is the result of a true mental disorder or whether it supports somatic a series of somatization tendency resulting from trauma. In either case, use EMDR can be resolutely on the side obviously traumatic, but also for desensitization of the negative beliefs derived from psychological strategies responsive to deficit somatic. Methods. The diagnostic evaluation and symptom changes are were made with DSMIV, SWAP-200, SCL90-R, TAS 20, VAS, history Posture, kinesiology, posturodinamica, primitive reflexes and sensory evaluation osteopathic, Maddox, stabilometry baseline and challenges). Results. Tailored interventions have reduced symptomatology, as represented by the surveys conducted and feedback from patients. The integrated knowledge, whether the first approach is psychological or postural, allows a diagnosis accurate and therefore a therapeutic strategy that allows you to unlock synergistic effective therapies chronic.

Keywords: Chronic Pain  Perceptual Deficits  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. Devilly, G. J. (2004, December). An approach to psychotherapy toleration: The Distress/Endorsement Toleration Scale (DEVS) clinical outcome studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35(4), 319-336. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.08.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The issue of treatment tolerance within the field of psychotherapy is, at best, a nebulous construct and has been commonly evaluated via rates of subject attrition and homework compliance. This research presents the psychometric properties of a ten-item scale which endeavours to measure treatment distress and participant endorsement of therapy protocols used in clinical research. Two factors emerged and the subscales of Distress and Endorsement were derived. These subscales displayed good reliability with acceptable inter-item correlations within each subscale. The subscales were also able to differentiate the perspectives of male Vietnam veterans from their spouses on a lifestyle management course at the termination of intervention. However, this scale also displayed a cognitive behavioural trauma treatment protocol and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing to be equivalent in treatment distress and participant endorsement in the treatment of PTSD. Preliminary findings suggest that the relationship between these two subscales and outcome may, to some extent, be population specific. First evidence suggests that intervention distress ratings may be influenced by severity of presentation, whilst endorsement ratings are more influenced by symptomatic improvement over time. Suggestions for future research are presented and the full questionnaire is attached as an appendix. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Australians  Cognitive Therapy  Distress  Family Therapy  Endorsement  Females  Males  Outcome  Psychotherapeutic Processes  Questionnaire  Self Report Instruments  Spouses  Tolerance  Treatment  Treatment Effectiveness  Veterans  Vietnam War  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. Oglesby, C. (1999). Assessment of the appropriateness of EMDR use in sport interventions. Symposium conducted at the annual conference of the Association of the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Initial research indicated extraordinary efficacy ofEMDR interventions with various forms of trauma. As more and more research was undertaken, often by researchers removed from clinical EMDR experience, contradictions emerged and EMDR samples sometimes fared no better than others. Recent research with an athletic population indicated that possible "individual differences" characteristics of potential subjects mayaccount for some of the previous contradictory results. Possible screening devices will be discussed in the context of a successful case study report.

Keywords: Athletes  Interventions  Sports Psychology  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. Pham, T., & Willocq, L. (2005, June). Assessment of traumatic stress among incarcerated homicide perpetrators. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Homicide perpetrators present a high prevalence of major mental disorders, particularly major depression associated with a substance diagnostic, and schizophreny (Cote & Hodgins, 1992). Recently, it has been suggested that the homicide behaviour itself may be conceived as a traumatic event generating multiple symptoms (Gray, et a1., 2003; Pollock. 1999}. This study assesses the relations between homicide and traumatic stress in a Belgian prison population, on the basis of a self-report questionnaire (SASRQ). Therapeutic implications of the results and relevance of EMDR practice in homicide populations will be discussed.

Keywords: Homicide  Incarceration  Perpetrators  Poster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. Leeds, A. M., & Korn, D. L. (1998, July). Clinical applications of EMDR in the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper was co-presented with with Deborah L. Korn, Psy.D. In my portion of this presentation I introduced Alan Schore's research on the neurobiological correlates of early trauma and abuse and with implications for treatment stragegy. The presentation covered the use of EMDR, Resource Development and Resource Installation methods across the entire treatment plan. Dr. Korn reviewed treatment principles and adaptations to the EMDR trauma protocol for this population.[Author abstract] Participants will learn how to: 1) apply specific EMDR protocols in each of the three strategies of recovery: stabilization and safety, trauma focused processing, and reconnection and identify development; 2) integrate ego strengthening strategies into a comprehensive EMDR based treatment plan for clients who have limited affect tolerance and self-capacities; 3) apply cognitive interweave strategies to address blocking beliefs and fears about the treatment process; and 4) use EMDR to address maladaptive schemas commonly seen in this population.[Conference Program Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Neglect  Sexual Abuse  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. Maxfield, L. (2003). Clinical implications and recommendations arising from EMDR research findings. Journal of Trauma Practice, 2(1), 61-81. doi:10.1300/J189v02n01_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment approach found to be efficacious for trauma-related disorders. This article provides an overview of the EMDR treatment process and briefly describes treatment components. It reviews the current research investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD and research investigating the role of eye movements. The practical clinical implications arising from the findings are discussed. These include factors related to treatment provision, such as treatment fidelity, length of treatment, homework, and the use of eye movements. Also highlighted are client-related factors such as population, type of trauma, multiple traumas, symptom severity, comorbid disorders, and complex PTSD. Where possible, recommendations are made for clinical practice and comparisons are made with other types of treatments. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Implications  Compelx Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Literature Review  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Research  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. Grygo, M. (2008). A clinical trial of motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) therapy with conduct disordered adolescent boys. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada. AAT NR35998.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Conduct disorder and other disruptive behaviours represent the most common form of child and adolescent psychopathology referred for treatment by parents and teachers. A number of studies conducted in university research centers have demonstrated meaningful treatment gains especially with preadolescents with conduct disorder. However, studies conducted with older adolescents, especially those with comorbid disorders, as well as studies conducted in community-based clinic settings have been mostly unsuccessful. With a few exceptions, the extant treatments have not made any special effort to address effects of traumatic experiences that research has demonstrated to be very prevalent among conduct disordered children and adolescents. Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) therapy developed by Ricky Greenwald (2002a) has shown promising results in his open trial study. MASTR is a complex treatment approach which addresses several key areas crucial in treating adolescents with conduct disorder: development/enhancement of motivation for treatment, development/enhancement of anger management and problem solving skills, and treatment of past trauma effects. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of MASTR therapy with 10 adolescent boys with conduct disorder placed in a residential treatment facility. This study combined single subject and qualitative research methodologies to offer a detailed look into the implementation and evaluation of MASTR therapy in a residential treatment centre. Foremost, this study demonstrates the formidable problems of conducting treatment research with this population in this kind of setting. Results suggested that, when it can be sufficiently implemented, MASTR therapy may be an effective treatment method producing some meaningful changes in behaviour for some severely disturbed adolescents with conduct problem. The study also demonstrated that EMDR may be an effective treatment for reducing emotional distress associated with past trauma in adolescents with conduct disorder. Factors associated with the limited success of this treatment study are identified and discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 69(1-A), 2008, pp. 109.

Keywords: Adolescent Boys  Clinical Trial  Conduct Disorder  Empirical Study  MASTR  Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution Therapy  Quantitative Study  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There is increasing evidence to support the biological basis of mental disorders. Subsequently, understanding the neurobiological context from which mental distress arises can help counselors appropriately apply cognitive behavioral therapy and other well-researched cognitive interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the neurobiological context underlying the formation and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders, a mental disorder frequently encountered by counselors, from a cognitive therapy framework.
Recent changes to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) accreditation standards include the need for counselors-in-training to understand the neurobiological basis of behavior, which marks a new direction for the training of professional counselors who have historically reacted ambivalently toward medical models for understanding client concerns and treatments. Yet recent findings in neuroscience actually support the verbally based interventions that counselors typically use in treatment; therefore, there is much to be gained by counselors and counselor educators in understanding the basics of human neurobiology and how commonly used counseling interventions intervene on these biological systems. The National Institute of Mental Health (2010) stated in a recent strategic plan that “Important discoveries in areas such as genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science largely account for the substantial gains in knowledge that have helped us to understand the complexities of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders over the past 15 years” (“Introduction,” para. 4).
Given the increasingly biological focus of mental health research, the practicing counselor is faced with the task of understanding and using the emerging mental health treatments and explaining to clients, to reimbursing agencies, and to the broader public how counseling fits within the medically dominated mental health culture. Some counselors have long reacted ambivalently toward the pathologically oriented diagnostic categories of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system and the medication-dominated world of psychiatry. For example, the contrasting viewpoints on this issue were published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between Allen and Mary Ivey (1998, 1999) and Scott Hinkle (1999). Ivey and Ivey (1998) argued for a developmental interpretation to the DSM-IV, opposing what they called the “pathological view” (p. 334) of the manual. According to Ivey and Ivey, disorders could be viewed through a positive development tradition to lie not within the individual but within the contextual systems in which a person lives. Subsequently, disorders are viewed as a “logical response to a developmental history” (Ivey & Ivey, 1999, p. 484). By contrast, Hinkle (1999) argued that because anxiety and depressive disorders “are the most common clinical symptoms associated with presentation to counseling” (p. 475), the counseling profession is weakened if counselors shy away from direct participation in the DSM nomenclature and treatment parlance. As Hinkle indicated, “mental disorders according to the medical model describe disease processes, not people” (p. 475). Regardless of the reader's philosophical perspective, practicing counselors know participation in medical and psychiatric systems is necessary at times. Also, recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience are providing evidence that interventions often used by counselors have direct physiological impact on client neurobiology (Kennedy et al., 2007; Linden, 2006). For example, Felmingham et al. (2007) demonstrated significant differences in brain activity before and after 8 weeks of exposure therapy, which correlated with a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Similarly, Paquette et al. (2003) found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alters the activation and metabolism of specific brain regions following successful treatment of spider phobia. These findings, along with others (for a detailed review, see Beauregard, 2007; Frewen, Dozois, & Lanius, 2008), are significant because they support the techniques, interventions, and approaches used by counselors and provide a mechanism by which counseling positively affects brain physiology. Within the emerging physiologically based treatment milieu, counselors should be prepared to articulate how cognitive counseling interventions make measurable changes to the client. Although cognitive-behavioral-based approaches are effective in the treatment of a number of psychiatric illnesses, adult PTSD is arguably one of the best understood mental disorders from a neurological perspective. It thus presents a valuable model for exploring not only the basic tenets of neurobiology but also the mechanisms behind its successful treatment. Furthermore, PTSD is a disorder that counselors will likely encounter in practice.
PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization. Thus, it provides a clear example of how, even in adulthood, neurological adaptation (in this case maladaptive changes) can functionally “rewire” the brain in a short period of time, resulting in a sustained array of clinical symptoms. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD are a history of exposure to a traumatic event meeting two criteria and symptoms from each of three symptom clusters: intrusive recollections, avoidant/numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. A fifth criterion concerns duration of symptoms and a sixth assesses functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 (Kessler et al., 2005), determined that the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD among American adults is 6.8%, with women (9.7%) twice as likely as men (3.6%) to have the disorder at some point in their lives. These findings are very similar to those of the first National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the early 1990s (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), which was composed of interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans ages 15 to 54 years. In this earlier sample, the estimated prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 7.8% in the general population. As in the more recent survey, women (10.4%) were more than twice as likely as men (5%) to have PTSD at some point in their lives (Kessler et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 1995).

Keywords: CBT  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Neurobiological Basis of Behavior  Neurobiology  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. Narimani, M., Ahari, S. S., & Rajabi, S. (2008). Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy therapeutic methods for reducing anxiety and depression of Iranian combatant afflicted by post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(10), 1932-1937. doi:10.3923/jas.2008.1932.1937.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This research aims to determine efficacy of two therapeutic methods and compare them: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for reduction of anxiety and depression for Iranian combatant afflicted with Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after imposed war. Statistical population of current study includes combatants afflicted with PTSD that were hospitalized in Isas Hospital of Ardabil province or were inhabited in Ardabil. These persons were selected through simple random sampling and were randomly located in three groups. The method was extended test method and study design was multi-group test-retest. Used tools include hospital anxiety and depression scale. This survey showed that exercise of EMDR and CBT has caused significant reduction of anxiety and depression. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Anxiety  Anxiety Disorders  CBT  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Cognitive Therapy  Depression  Depressive Disorders  Iranians  Middle Aged  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PSTD  Treatment Effectiveness  Veterans  War  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. Garsen, B. (2005). A comparison of post traumatic stress disorder treatment modalities for adolescents. California State University, Long Beach, CA. AAT 1426939.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore treatment modalities for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for adolescents. This study examined current research on the treatment of PTSD by analyzing the content of books and articles written within the past 10 years. The study was a descriptive content analysis of currently used treatment modalities for PTSD. Data analysis involved a recursive process in which themes were identified and developed over numerous readings. The findings of this study indicated that PTSD symptomology was significantly reduced when adolescents were treated with cognitive behavioral methods. Controlled studies were located only for cognitive behavioral interventions. Pharmacological interventions were widely used to treat PTSD symptoms. However, there have been neither controlled nor open-label drug studies conducted regarding this population. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a promising new form of treatment that has yet to be examined in a rigorous manner. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) sometimes exacerbated PTSD symptoms in this population. The results of the study indicated that more controlled research needs to be generated targeting adolescents with PTSD.

Keywords: Adolescents  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. Fernandez, I. (2010, June). The contribution of EMDR with children survivors of mass trauma. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper describes the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked incidents).
EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment of the population and was the elective treatment for children of those elementary schools, which were most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one month, three months and one year after the critical event. Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and siblings.
Psychological support and EMDR treatment was provided to parents and school personnel, and this aspect has been considered fundamental in enhancing treatment results in children during the last interventions.
Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess posttraumatic symptomatology before and after treatment will be shown along with follow up data. Treatment groups show a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Results and statistical data regarding EMDR treatment with heavily traumatized children will be presented.
The author will discuss clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent traumas of great magnitude. Analysis and evaluation of children's reactions and needs have highlighted significant epidemiological aspects.
The posttraumatic stress reactions of this group in developmental age will be discussed. EMDR treatment for parents and other adults involved in the disaster has proven critical when dealing with children's symptomatology. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions with all parties involved (parents, school personnel, community) from our field studies will be presented.

Keywords: Children  Keynote  Mass Trauma  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 6(1), 217-236. doi:10.1300/J146v06n01_11.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
We suggest that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only light improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. [Author summary]

Keywords: Adolescents  Control Study  Disruptive Behavior Disorders  Empirical Study  Males  Preadolescents  Random Clinical Trial  RCT  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. In R. Greenwald (Ed). Trauma and juvenile delinquency: Theory, research, and interventions. (pp. 217-236). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Suggests that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only slight improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16 years, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Boys  Conduct Problems  Trauma Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. Hillman, J. L. (2002). Crisis intervention and trauma, New approaches to evidence-based practice. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract: R
ecent findings from an American Psychological Association task force suggest that one in four therapists will experience patient suicide, and that one in eight will feel threatened by patient violence during their career. Experts from this task force have also noted that clinicians receive virtually no formal training or coursework in crisis intervention. Despite the increasing need for professional services among members of the general population, current practitioners have few texts available that provide step-by-step, detailed information about how to engage in crisis intervention, and how to integrate recent, empirical research findings into theory and practice. This volume helps bridge this critical gap by providing a theoretically advanced, yet practical guide to crisis intervention. Particular attention is given to the role of violence within our culture, patient suicide, school and workplace violence, long-term sequelae of trauma, clinical assessment and risk management, professional boundaries and burn-out, domestic violence, and the neurophysiology of trauma, as well as the needs of typically underserved patient populations including minority group members, older adults, gays and lesbians, and children. The text also features critical reviews of controversial topics, including EMDR, critical incident stress debriefing, recovered memories, dissociative identity disorder, and alternative medicine. [Springer]

Keywords: Crisis Intervention  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. Dattilio, F. (2001). Crisis intervention techniques for panic disorder. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 55(3), 388-405.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Panic disorder is estimated to affect more than 4% of the U.S. population. It is assumed that this incident rate increases during crisis situations. While the professional literature is replete with references on the treatment of panic disorders, few authors address the use of nondrug treatment in conjunction with crisis intervention. This article provides an overview of the latest nonpharmacologic interventions for panic along with a description of their effectiveness in reducing the onset of symptomatology as well as preventing relapse during crisis.

Keywords: Crisis Intervention  Non-drug Treatment  Panic dsiorder  Nonpharmacological Interventions  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. Maxfield, L. (2007). Current status and future directions for EMDR research. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 6-14. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.6.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This review provides the groundwork for a basic understanding of articles written about eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), including a brief overview of theory and practice. It documents EMDR's established efficacy in the treatment of PTSD and specifies specific subsets of this population in need of further investigation. The article also provides a review of recent studies evaluating a range of EMDR's clinical applications and outlines new directions for research investigations and for developments in clinical practice. It concludes with an overview of current research evaluating pre- and post-neurobiological changes, and mechanisms of action. Specific recommendations for future areas of investigations are outlined, and rigorous evaluation is strongly encouraged. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Efficacy  Information Processing  Literature Review  Mechanism of Action  Research Needs  Review  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. Young, W., Puk, G., & Rouanzoin, C. C. (1995, June). Current trends using EMDR in dissociative disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop covers the screening, diagnosis, treatment and pitfalls encountered in using EMDR in Dissociative Disorders. The unexpected finding of dissociative disorders among trauma victims using EMDR requires therapists to be able to recogme and screen for dissociative conditions. Under special circumstances, these patients may have negative reactions which the EMDR therapist should be prepared to manage. Treatment requires a strong alliance, an awareness of dissociation and the management of patients' abreactions. Treatment guidelines have been established for using EMDR which can guide therapists as our expmence with dissociative disorders evolves. A careful informed consent should be obtained and an assessment of the patient's inner resources made so that ffagile patients with histories of chronic trauma are not inadvertently injured. Further, EMDR is not designed as a tool for "memory work" but for the reduction of distress for events or experiences already known. Lectures, discussions, handouts and video tape demonstrations show the application of EMDR in a variety of conditions. The results of a pilot study using EMDR in 15 patients with 33 target symptoms will be presented. In this limited sample, between 50% and 60% of patients achieved significant reduction of their distress levels on selected targets. A variety of responses occurred including fusions, generalization effects, and establishmg inner dialogue. In addition, a variety of problems arose resulting in treatment failures or cessation of EMDR. These include such reactions as flooding, escalation of anger, paranoia and resistance to the treatment. The implications of these findings suggest that cautious patient selection and use of EMDR has a potential use and that as research in this population continues, strategies for overcoming problem areas can be developed.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. van der Vleugel, B. (2013, April). De behandeling van PTSS bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis [The treatment of PTSD in people with a psychotic disorder]. In Onderzoek track 1 and 2. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Trauma is een risicofactor voor het ontwikkelen van psychose. Het hebben van een ernstige psychiatrische aandoening verhoogt de kans op het ontwikkelen van een co-morbide posttraumatische stress stoornis. Desondanks wordt een co-morbide PTSS zelden gediagnostiseerd en wanneer dit wél gebeurt is behandeling van deze PTSS bepaald niet vanzelfsprekend. Behandelaren vrezen vaak dat het openlijk bespreken van traumatische levenservaringen zal leiden tot decompensatie, heropname, middelenmisbruik, zelfbeschadigend gedrag en / of suïcidaliteit. Ondertussen werken de PTSS klachten als olie op het vuur van de psychose. Omdat mensen met psychotische klachten over het algemeen werden uitgesloten van deelname aan onderzoek naar de effecten van PTSS behandeling was lang niet bekend of psychologische behandeling conform de Richtlijn Angststoornissen ook bij deze populatie veilig en effectief is. Hier begint verandering in te komen. In deze presentatie komen achtereenvolgens aan bod: - De resultaten van een pilot onderzoek naar de effecten van EMDR bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis en een co-morbide PTSS (Van den Berg & Van der Gaag, 2012). - De resultaten van een gecontroleerde multiple baseline study naar de effecten van EMDR en Prolonged Exposure bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis en een comorbide PTSS (De Bont, Van Minnen & De Jongh, submitted). - De opzet en eerste bevindingen van het onderzoeksproject Treating Trauma in Psychosis (T.TIP), een multicenter RCT naar de behandeling van PTSS bij mensen met een psychotische Trauma is a risk factor for the development of psychosis. Having a severe psychiatric condition increases the chance of the development of a co-morbid post-traumatic stress disorder. Nevertheless, a co-morbid PTSD rarely diagnosed and when this happens, treatment of these PTSD determined not obvious. Clinicians often fear that openly discussing traumatic life experiences will lead to decompensation, reuptake, substance abuse, self-injurious behavior and / or suicidality. Meanwhile, the PTSD symptoms as fuel to the fire of the psychosis. Because people with psychotic symptoms were generally excluded from research into the effects of PTSD treatment was long unknown or psychological treatment in accordance with Directive Anxiety disorders also in this population safely and effective. Here begins to be changing. This presentation will subsequently be discussed: - The results of a pilot study on the effects of EMDR in people with a psychotic disorder and comorbid PTSD (Van den Berg and Van der Gaag, 2012) . - The results of a controlled multiple baseline study on the effects of EMDR and Prolonged Exposure to people with a psychotic disorder and comorbid PTSD (De Bont, Van Minnen & De Jongh, submitted). - The design and initial findings of the research Treating Trauma in Psychosis (T.TIP), a multicenter RCT on the treatment of PTSD in people with a psychotic disorder (De Bont et al, submittedstoornis (De Bont et al., submitted).

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder  PSTD  Psychotic Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

30. Dautovic, E. (2013, April). De toepassing van EMDR bij volwassenen met een complexe PTSS en een licht verstandelijke beperking: Practice en evidence based [The application of EMDR in adults with complex PTSD and mild intellectual disabilities: Evidence-based and practice]. In Onderzoek track 1 and 2. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Mensen met een verstandelijke beperking hebben een verhoogde kans op het meemaken van, voor hen, ingrijpende life-events en in het verlengde hiervan een verhoogd risico op het ontwikkelen van een posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTSS). De prevalentie van PTSS blijkt significant hoger te zijn bij mensen met een verstandelijke beperking (VB) dan bij mensen zonder VB. Daarnaast valt in de praktijk, bij deze populatie, de hoge prevalentie van complexe PTSS op. EMDR is een effectieve behandeling voor PTSS bij mensen zonder VB. Ook wordt EMDR al breed ingezet voor de behandeling van (complexe) PTSS bij mensen met een VB. Er is echter nog maar weinig onderzoek gedaan naar de effectiviteit van EMDR bij deze populatie. Bij Kristal, centrum voor psychiatrie en verstandelijke beperking, wordt EMDR al een aantal jaar toegepast in de behandeling van volwassenen met een complex trauma en een (lichte) verstandelijke beperking. Hierbij wordt het EMDR-behandelprotocol voor jeugdigen, zoals door de VEN uitgegeven, trouw gevolgd. Dit, echter altijd in combinatie met een stabiliserende pre-treatment, welke onze doelgroep weerbaarder moet maken voor de spanning die een traumabehandeling kan opwekken. Naast de praktische toepassing, welke deze benadering practice based maakte, heeft binnen Kristal tussen 2010 en 2013, synchroon aan de behandeling, een pilot-onderzoek naar de effectiviteit van deze behandeling gelopen. Dit met het doel deze benadering ook evidence based te maken.

People with intellectual disabilities have an increased chance of experiencing, for them, major life events and by extension an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher in people with intellectual disabilities (VB) than in those without VB. Furthermore falls in practice, in this population, the high prevalence of complex PTSD. EMDR is an effective treatment for PTSD in people without VB. Even though EMDR is widely used for the treatment of (complex) PTSD in people with VB. However, there is little research on the effectiveness of EMDR in this population. In Crystal, center for psychiatry and mental retardation, is EMDR for a number of years in the treatment of adults with complex trauma and a (mild) mental retardation . Here the EMDR treatment protocol for young people, as issued by the VEN, faithfully followed. This, however, always in combination with a stabilizing pre-treatment, which our audience resilient to make the stress of trauma treatment can generate. Besides the practical application, which this approach practice based made, has within Crystal between 2010 and 2013, synchronously treatment, a pilot study on the effectiveness of this treatment occurred. This with the aim of this approach is to make evidence-based.

Keywords: Adults  Intellectual Disabilities  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Hornsveld, H., & de Jongh, A. (2011, April). De werkgeheugentheorie: Resultaten en klinische implicaties [The working theory: Results and clinical implications]. Keynote gepresenteerd op de 5e jaarlijkse conferentie van EMDR Vereniging Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Er zijn verschillende theorieën om de gunstige effecten van EMDR te verklaren. De laatste jaren wijst onderzoek op dit terrein steeds meer in de richting van de zogenaamde werkgeheugenhypothese. Niet in de laatste plaats vanwege het onderzoek van Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard en Hellen Hornsveld aan de Universiteit Utrecht. Dit onderzoek kreeg in 2010 in de VS de EMDR Award for Outstanding Research. In deze presentatie zullen Hellen Hornsveld en Ad de Jongh samen ingaan op dit onderzoek en met name op de klinische implicaties van deze bevindingen. Ook zullen zij nieuwe data presenteren van een onderzoek naar het verschil tussen de effectiviteit van oogbewegingen en ‘klikjes’ binnen een klinische populatie. Aan dit onderzoek hebben een groot aantal leden van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland meegewerkt. De volgende thema’s zullen in deze presentatie aan bod komen. 1. Het gebruik van klikjes in plaats van oogbewegingen. 2. Het gebruik van ‘flash forwards’ en de nieuwe toepassingen die hierdoor ontstaan binnen het ‘linksom model’ bij de behandeling van angststoornissen. 3. Het gebruik van bilaterale stimulatie bij RDI, de veilige plek, en positief afsluiten. Sommige van deze onderwerpen zullen worden geïllustreerd door middel van videoclips. Vanzelfsprekend zal hierbij ook gelegenheid zijn voor discussie.

There are several theories to explain beneficial effects of EMDR. In recent years research in this area points increasingly towards the so-called working memory hypothesis. Not least because of the investigation of Marcel van den Hout, Iris Engelhard and Hellen Hornsveld at Utrecht University. This study was in 2010 in the U.S. EMDR Award for Outstanding Research. This presentation will Hellen Hornsveld and Ad de Jongh together and discuss this study in particular the clinical implications of these findings. They will also present new data from a study of the difference between the effectiveness of eye movements and "clicks" in a clinical population. In this study have many members of the Association EMDR Netherlands participated. The following topics will be discussed in this presentation. 1. The use of clicks rather than eye movements. 2. The use of 'flash forwards' and the resultant new applications within the 'left' model in the treatment of anxiety disorders. 3. The use of bilateral stimulation of RDI, the safe place and positive conclusion. Some of these issues will be illustrated by video clips. Obviously this will also be opportunity for discussion.

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. Stewart-Grey, E. (2008). De-stress: A qualitative investigation of EMDR treatment. Capella University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3329849.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
There is no qualitative knowledge of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with a sub-clinical stressed population. The vast majority of EMDR research has focused on traumatized populations, leaving a significant gap in what the non-traumatized or sub-clinically stressed clients experience. Sub-clinical stress includes any level of stress that does not meet the DSM-IV-TR criteria for PTSD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived experiences of body sensations, emotions, beliefs, and imagery during EMDR treatment of participants with sub-clinical stress. Participants fit into either a young adult (18-35), adult (36-49), or older adult (50-60) maturity category and did not meet the criteria for PTSD. The sample consisted of 12 participants, from a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States. A qualitative phenomenological design was used to gather data following the EMDRIAs treatment protocol including a final interview asking questions about what the participants experienced in their body, thoughts, emotions, and memory images. The data was analyzed using constant comparative techniques using open coding and will be verified with member check techniques. The results identify five thematic holistic experiences across the participants. The themes of responsibility, safety, choices, power, and value emerged from the data. The results imply that is may be necessary to address all 5 themes for effective stress resolution. Also, the scholarly, clinical, and practical understanding of the Adaptive Information Processing Model concepts of responsibility, safety, and choices manifest in participants lived sensory experiences are now expanded and in need of additional research. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Americans  Effects  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Popky, A. J. (2002, June). DeTur a new way to address addictions and dysfunctional behaviors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This prootcol has been used effectively by EMDR therapists over the years in dealing with a wide range of addictions and behaviors, including substances, eating, gambling, sex, etc. This presentation will consist of didactic, visuals, demonstrations of various phases with case examples from the author and other therapiess and case examples. Also addressed will be some of the many different pitfalls in dealing with this population and methods to deal with the problems.

Keywords: Addictions  DeTur  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. Stone, C., & Goode, P. (2012, October). Dilemmas of using EMDR in time limited environments. Presentation at the at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Applying EMDR standard protocol in time limited settings with clients who have experienced multiple traumas, often in childhood and combined with disrupted attachments, poses an ongoing clinical challenge. It is necessary to continue to explore ways in which such clients might benefit from EMDR whilst keeping the client ‘safe.’ This presentation seeks to offer some practical EMDR strategies, which have been found to be effective with such a client population in these settings, accompanied by case studies.

Keywords: Time-Limit Constraints  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

35. [Yoshinori Fukui]. (2009, May). Discussion on the use of the dissociative experiences scale (DES): Frequency of dissociative experinces among adolescents. EMDR研究1（1）、12月23日 [Japanese Journal of EMDR Research and Practice, 1(1), 12-23].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This research aims to look at the frequency of dissociative experiences among adolescent population, and collect basic data. Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) was administered to 816 university students. The results on each item were analyzed and they were very similar to those of previous studies. I-T correlation and G-P analyses results indicate that discriminate power for each item is at best when cut-off of 25 or less is applied. Since the data was not distributed normally, test for median was performed and the same result was obtained. On top of that, to secure the normal distribution of the data, square root transformation was undertaken before the two analyses were performed. The results suggest that on G-P analysis, in order to increase discriminate power, the cut-off needs to be less than 16. However, when false negative and positive were taken into consideration, it was off from practical use. And when compared with other researches, it became apparent that depending on the context of measurers used with DES, there is a possibility of subjecrs being biased. Also it was suggested that items on DES are useful in screening DID but they are not measuring the overall spectrum of dissociative disorder.

Keywords: Adolescence  DES  Dissociative Experience  Dissociative Experiences Scale  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. Fraser, G., & Welburn, K (1999, November). Dissociative table technique: Guided imagery strategy for PTSD with dissociation. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In keeping with the theme of bridging gaps across disciplines, the Dissociative Table Technique brings to this trauma conference a strategy from the field of dissociative disorders. This therapeutic adjunct has been used by many therapists over the past 10 years for managing dissociated ego states in trauma victims who also have dissociation as part of their clinical picture. This strategy has been used with dissociative disorders, Ego-State therapy and more recently in conjunction with EMDR for patients having dissociative state alterations in addition to their PTSD. This guided imagery strategy provides a protocol for clinical intervention in such clients and will provide an additional therapeutic adjunct for trauma workers when PTSD is complicated by dissociative pathology. Based on gestalt, guided imagery and hypnosis strategies, the Dissociative Table Technique assists the clinician to bring order to the random dissociation which can complicate therapy in such cases. Also clients can be taught to become aware of and integrate dissociated ego states. This strategy must be carefully considered as it can have a profound effect on the dissociative processes. It is advised that it only be employed by clinicians whose fields permit hypnosis-based therapy.The workshop will commence with a therapeutic rationale for this technique followed by an outline of the clinical application. Included will be a video introducing the technique in a clinical case. The video will be followed by a second speaker discussing possible applications to EMDR. Useful suggestions for utilizing EMDR in this trance-prone population (those with dissociation in addition to PTSD) will be addressed in addition to presenting clinical examples in which the Dissociative Table Technique was integrated with EMDR in appropriate clinical groups.

Keywords: Dissociative Table Technique  Dissociation  Guided Imagery  Poster  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PSTD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. Freyberger, H. J., & Spitzer, C. (2005, Juli). Dissoziative störungen [Dissociative disorders]. Der Nervenarzt, 76(7), 893-900. doi:10.1007/s00115005-1956-z .

Language: German

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Die dissoziative Störungen und Konversion sind mit erheblichen klassifikatorischen, diagnostische und therapeutische Schwierigkeiten, die nur in den historischen Kontext der Diskussion über die Hysterie verstanden werden kann, verbunden. Auch die Einstufung in die ICD-10 und DSM-IV ist heterogen. Prävalenzraten zwischen etwa 3% in der allgemeinen Bevölkerung und bis zu 30% in klinischen Populationen, jedoch beziehen sich auf die große klinische Bedeutung. Realtraumatisierungen eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese. High Komorbiditätsraten mit anderen psychischen Störungen eine Tendenz zu chronischen somatischen Erkrankung und ein Konzept (insbesondere bei Patienten mit Erkrankungen erschweren Umwandlung) der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung. Dies erlaubt die Behandlung Ziele sind sowohl psychodynamische und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen in Abhängigkeit entwickelt, möglicherweise mit den Techniken der Trauma-Therapie, wie EMDR (Springer).

The dissociative and conversion disorders are associated with significant classificatory, diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties that can be understood only in the historical context of the discussion on hysteria. Even the classification in ICD-10 and DSM-IV is heterogeneous. Prevalence rates of between about 3% in the general population and up to 30% in clinical populations, however, refer to the great clinical significance. Realtraumatisierungen have an important role in the pathogenesis. High Komorbiditätsraten with other mental disorders, a tendency to chronic somatic disease and a concept (especially in patients with conversion disorders complicate) the psychotherapeutic treatment. This allows the treatment goals are designed both psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral dependence in, possibly with the techniques of trauma therapy such as EMDR (Springer).

Keywords: Chronicity (Disorders)  Comorbidity  Conversion Disorder  Diagnosis  Dissociative Disorders  Epidemiology  Etiology Psychotherapy  Somatization  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. Becich, H. A. (1995). The effect of varying the rate of the eye movements in eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) with battered women. California School of Professional Psychology, Los Angeles, CA. AAT 9531596.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The rapid saccades used in eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) have been reputed to be critical to its efficacy. To evaluate this hypothesis, the rate of the eye movements was varied in this study. Subjects included 27 battered women who were rated PTSD-positive by a modified version of the Symptom Checklist (MSC). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: EMDR Fast, EMDR Slow or Control.Prior to treatment, subjects completed the Revised Impact of Events Scale (IES). Treatment involved one experimental session lasting up to 90 minutes. Dependent variables included the Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) (derived from the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale), the Validity of Cognition (VOC) and the Vividness of Traumatic Image (VTI) Scales as well as the Intrusion subscales of the MSC and the IES. At post-treatment one week later, subjects again provided responses to the five dependent variables and, for ethical reasons, were provided another session of treatment at the EMDR Fast rate if their SUDs were 2 or greater. Results of the mixed, two factor analyses indicated no differences between the groups. Hence, the outcomes showed that the rapid eye movements did not provide a differential treatment effect as hypothesized. All groups experienced improvement on the SUDs and VTI Scales and the MSC Intrusion subscale, supporting occurrence of an exposure effect. This investigation was the first controlled EMDR study conducted with battered women, as well as the first experiment on this procedure using a clinical population in which the rate of the eye movements was varied. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(5-B), Nov 1995, pp. 2854

Keywords: Adults  Americans  Battery  Empirical Study  Follow-up Study  Females  Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder  PTSD  Spouse Abuse  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. Lothlorien (2010, December). The effectiveness of EMDR: A literature review. (Author) Online .

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This literature review has been conducted to study the effectiveness of Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treating trauma. Articles for this literature review were chosen using the Google Scholar database with OhioLink applying keywords such as EMDR, EMDR and trauma, and EMDR effectiveness. Articles were also found using the EMDR International Association website at http://emdria.org. Most articles were chosen due to their relevance to the research question. Other factors that were considered were the quality of the research, timeliness, the number of times an article was cited by others, and accessibility. . Of these ten articles, 2/10 (20%) were literature reviews, 2/10 (20%) were conceptual articles, and 6/10 (60%) were empirical studies. All of the empirical studies (6/6 or 100%) were quantitative. All empirical studies cited in the literature review (6/6 or 100%) used primary data based on observation. Five out of the six (83%) empirical studies used and experimental design. One out of six (17%) used a quasi-experimental design. In the six empirical studies, the mean sample size was 51. The smallest sample size was 22, and the largest sample size was 88. Based on the articles studied for this review, EMDR is found to be an effective treatment for trauma. It has also been found to work faster than other therapies. Some studies also showed it to be more easily tolerated by clients than other therapies. Major limitations to this review are the number of publications included, the fact that only articles available in full text form via OSU affiliates were selected, and time available for the literature review. Based on the conclusion that EMDR is an effective mode of treatment for trauma survivors, social workers conducting therapy with this population would benefit from learning the technique and incorporating it in their repertoire of therapies.

Keywords: Literature Review  Research Methods  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Dunn, T. M. (1995). Effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in a non-clinical population. University of Cincinnati, OH.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Panic disorder, worsening of depression and relapse of alcohol symptoms (Pitman, et al.). A relatively new technique for treating PTSD is reported to result in lasting reduction of anxiety, changes in the cognitive assessment of memory and cessation of flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, and sleep disturbances. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an experimental treatment for PTSD which is reported to have almost immediate, long lasting effects (Shapiro, 1989a). EMDR involves having the patient engage in a series of therapist-directed saccadic eye movements accompanied by cognitive exercises. The treatment may take less than an hour to administer and, it is claimed, may completely eliminate some of the more severe symptoms associated with PTSD and can have long lasting effects (one subject showed desensitization a year later [Shapiro, 1989a.1) Shapiro found the treatment to produce the best effect if performed while the patient is recalls a disturbing memory of the traumatic event.

Keywords: Non-clinical Population  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Lamphear, M. H. (2011). Effectiveness of the post critical incident seminar in reducing critical incident stress among law enforcement officers. Walden University, Minnesota. 3454138.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Summative program evaluation was used to examine the effectiveness of the Post Critical Incident seminar (PCIS) in reducing traumatic stress symptoms of law enforcement officers (LEOs). Previous trauma theory research indicated when not addressed, the impact of such trauma leads to serious physical and mental health problems. The use of the PCIS with the study population had not been evaluated. This study was conducted, using archival data, to address this gap. The sample consisted of LEOs in the southeastern US. Officers participated in either PCIS-only or PCIS + EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) groups and were also categorized according to time since the incident. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) was administered at the start of each PCIS and again at 6 months. Dependent t tests were used to demonstrate significant pre/post decreases in IES-R scores for both groups. Of clinical concern at pretest, the IES-R scores for the PCIS + EMDR group were reduced to below the scale's threshold for clinical concern. Regression analyses were used to also document significant links connecting the time since the incident, type of incident, and gender with IES-R scores. These preliminary findings lend support for the PCIS, with implications for social change and further study: With continued research and recommendations, the PCIS can be enhanced to best help LEOs remain healthy and fit for duty, resulting in a safer society.

Keywords: Critical Incidents  Law Enforcement Officers  Peer Support  Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder  Psychology  Stress  PTSD  Recent Events  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. Jameson, M. (1998, July). Effects of EMDR in a make correctional facility. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) know the unique benefits gained by offenders utilizing EMDR in prison; 2) be able to use specific marketing and "cognitive intereave" tools with this population; and 3) be ablet to converse intelligently regarding the effects of EMDR on crime and recidivism.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave  Correctional Facility  Crime  Inmates  Offenders  Prison  Recidivism  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. Farkas, L. (2008, December). The effects of motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) - Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on traumatized adolescents with conduct problems. Universite de Montreal, Canada. AAT NR55659.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Objective.- This dissertation explored the effectiveness of a treatment package, Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) in combination with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This intervention was assessed in a sample of traumatized adolescents manifesting conduct problems (CPs) admitted to youth protective services. CP adolescents have been found to be particularly treatment-resistant and the treatments used with them often neglect to target the trauma that many of these youths have faced. Therefore, it seemed promising to implement a trauma-focused treatment with these youths that accounts for their resistance to treatment. MASTR-EMDR was studied with this population due to the favorable findings in the few studies assessing its use with high-risk populations. In addition to examining the effects of this treatment with CP youth exposed to various types of trauma, a particular focus was given to victims of sexual abuse (SA). This type of trauma seemed particularly suited for EMDR due to its circumscribed nature, which may be more easily worked through in this treatment that targets one trauma at a time.
Method.- Participants in the first study were 40 adolescents (ages 13-17) exhibiting CPs and exposed to trauma in youth protective services. A subsample (n = 30), consisting of victims of SA, was included in the second study. Participants in both studies were randomly assigned to MASTR-EMDR treatment or to a wait list condition where they were offered routine care. Self-report questionnaires and semi- structured interviews were administered to participants and one of their parents or caregivers by independent evaluators at three points in time: pre-treatment, post-treatment (12 weeks later) and follow-up (12 weeks after post-treatment). These measures evaluated trauma history, trauma-related sequelae, CPs, social competence and internalizing problems. The MASTR-EMDR sessions were administered once a week over a 12 week period, with each session lasting a maximum of 1.5 hours.
Results.- ANCOVAs and repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to assess treatment effects and the maintenance of gains at a 3-month follow-up. As predicted, MASTR-EMDR led to significant gains in outcome measures compared to routine treatment with both samples. In addition, gains were maintained at follow-up.
Conclusions.- This dissertation supports the use of MASTR-EMDR in populations exposed to general trauma and SA who exhibit CPs. This research was innovative in its implementation of a novel treatment-approach in youth protective services, where empirically-supported treatments are necessary and sometimes lacking. Therefore, the results have both clinical and scientific value and can help pave the way toward more trauma-focused treatments for CP youth, more evidence-based practices in youth protective services as well as enrich current understanding of the effects of this treatment approach.[Author Abstract]

Keywords: Conduct Problems  Protective Services  Psychotherapeutic Techniques  Trauma  Treatment Outcome  Youth  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Coch , I. (2012, June). The effects of trauma on gender. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The main aim of this work is primarily centred on the concept of trauma (PK and PS) and their influences to the psychological parameters of the population. In order to understand these relations, the study is split in two parts. First, whether there could be some type of correlation between trauma with some other variables (HY, MF, D and Es) or not. And, to analyse any similarities and differences in relation to trauma arising from within the two groups, female and male.

Keywords: Gender  Poster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. Swiney, U. M. (2004). The efficacy of EMDR for survivors of a natural disaster: Intervention after Hurricane Floyd. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. AAT 3129821.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered effective for civilian PTSD, but no controlled evaluation of EMDR, or any other treatment for PTSD, has been conducted with adults in a natural disaster context. Following Hurricane Floyd, 8 individuals from disaster-torn North Carolina communities were randomly assigned to 6 sessions of EMDR or a 1-month waiting list followed by treatment. All of the predominantly Caucasian, female participants met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and half reported moderate to severe levels of depression. Participants completed standardized self-report measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety before and after the waiting period, or before, during (Session 4), and after the 6-week intervention. The principal investigator (PI) and blind assistants conducted a PTSD symptom interview before and after treatment and waiting period. Weekly progress was monitored with additional PTSD and depression self-report measures. The PI, a Level II-trained EMDR therapist, provided treatment. Treatment integrity, assessed by undergraduate assistants following an established checklist, was good.Compared to the untreated control condition, EMDR produced significantly larger decreases in self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms, and tended to promote greater improvement in observer-rated PTSD. However, random effects regression analyses of the secondary PTSD measure failed to detect a significant difference between the two groups. In contrast, random regression analyses confirmed a significant decrease in depression during treatment compared to the control condition. Controlled effect sizes for PTSD symptoms were large and compared favorably to research with other trauma populations. Nevertheless, despite sizeable reductions in symptoms, many clients continued to report elevated levels of PTSD even after treatment. In addition, despite random assignment, the average age of the two groups differed, and age was non-significantly but negatively associated with change in PTSD symptoms. This association, and the small size of this sample, limit the interpretation and generalizability of these findings. Thus, while results tentatively support extending EMDR to disaster survivors with depression and PTSD, this work is best considered as preliminary data. Research with a larger sample remains necessary to better evaluate both the impact of treatment and the potentially more complex treatment needs of this population. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(4-B), 2004, pp. 2116.

Keywords: Adults  Americans  Depressive Disorders  Females  Hurricane Floyd  Hurricanes  Posttraumatic Stress Disorders  PTSD  Random Clinical Trial  RCT  Recent Events  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Jensen, J. A. (1992). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a treatment for PTSD symptoms of Vietnam combat veterans. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. AAT 9221917.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMD/R) was compared with that of a control (no treatment) condition in the treatment of Vietnam combat veterans with postraumatic stress disorder. 27 volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to the EMD/R and control conditions, with 13 EMD/R and 12 control subjects completing the entire study. Two therapists trained in EMD/R, and three trained interviewer/testers contributed in running the study.Prior to random assignment, subjects indicated one PTSD-related goal for the study. They were also assessed on a measure of present PTSD symptoms, a measure of subjective anxiety, and a measure of belief in a positive cognition related to war trauma. They were then randomly assigned to conditions, with EMD/R subjects receiving three treatment sessions within a week. Approximately 17 days after the initial assessment, each subject was retested on the measures of PTSD symptoms, subjective anxiety, and of the desired positive cognition. At this time, goal attainment was also assessed, and another general PTSD instrument was given. Statistical analysis of both test-retest and posttest only measures indicated a general lack of effectiveness of EMD/R with the subjects in this study. While EMD/R was effective and statistically superior to the control condition in reducing in-session subjective anxiety, neither condition was effective in improving scores on the two PTSD symptom measures, in contributing to goal attainment, or in increasing subjects' beliefs in their stated desired positive cognition regarding war trauma. This study's lackluster results are in sharp contrast to the considerable success reported in Shapiro'soriginal EMD/R study incorporating few combat veterans. With certain procedural diversions acknowledged, this study's findings provide little support for widespread use of EMD/R as an intervention for Vietnam combat veterans' PTSD symptoms. Implications are that combat veterans with PTSD may comprise a population with distinctly chronic and disturbing symptomotology, and that the brief and novel EMD/R procedure may not be successful with such a population. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans  Males  Middle Aged  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Treatment Effectiveness  Veterans  Vietnam War  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. Omaha, J. (2004, June). EMDR and affect centered therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Aim: This presentation will describe the integration of principles of emotion regulation into EMDR therapy for a range of disorders. Population: All ages; mostly Axis I and II disorders. Learning objectives: 1) to describe the development of emotion regulation beginning in the context of the attachment and continuing through adolescence; 2) to describe the origin of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology in deficit experience adversity, and trauma; 3) to describe a protocol, Affect Management Skills Training (AMST), that remediates failures of emotion regulation; 4) to describe how AMST prepares the client for uncovering therapy by providing for containment, safety, emotion regulation, improved left-right hemisphere integration, and remediation of attachment deficits; 5) to describe integration of MAST into EMDR therapies for substance abuse and eating disorders. Abstract: The workshop will summarize the principal affective developments that occur from birth through age four. These include fulfillment of yearning affect, facial imprinting, gaze transaction, stimulation of positive affect, and provision of optimal disapproval-shame experiences. The qualities of the child of “good enough” parenting are described. Developmental failures and their consequences for affect regulation and psychopathology will be described. These include: (1) avoidant attachment leading to problems of anger management, to depression, and development of narcissistic features; (2) anxious-ambivalent attachment leading to development of anxiety-related disorders and borderline features; (3) failure to elicit optimal positive affects leading to impaired vitality across the life span and depression; (4) socialization of the senior toddler with anger, leading to problems with anger expression, or with disgust, leading to problems with shame, impaired self-worth, and defective self-efficacy. Adversity (raised by a single parent, witness to spousal abuse, divorce, substance abuse in the home) and trauma (psychological, physical, and/or sexual abuse) occurring during latency and adolescence will be shown to exacerbate difficulties with emotional regulation.
The seven basic skills of the AMST protocol will be described. These skills provide for regocnition, tolerance, and regulation of both positive and negative emtoins. They include containment, safe place, sensation-affect recognition, sensation-as-signal, grounded and present, noticing, and regulation.
The workshop will describe how AMST prepares the client for uncovering therapy and for EMDR by teaching the client to regulate emotion prior to it elicitation in therapy, by improving hemispheric integration, and by correcting deficits in the attachment.
The workshop concludes by describing how MAST is integrated into EMDR therapy for substance abuse disorders (alcohol, drugs, nicotine) and eating disorders.

Keywords: Affect Centered Therapy  Affect Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Hofmann, A. (2001, May). EMDR and dissociation. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patients with dissociative disorders usually are a complex traumatised population that has an increased risk of complications during their treatment course. In treating these patients EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to include a number of other treatment modalities and an overall comprehensive treatment plan. The objective of this presentation is to give an overview of the opportunities that EMDR offers and to reduce risks in the course of treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Gonzalez, A., & Mosquera, D. (2012, June). EMDR and dissociation: The progressive approach. A. I. [Amazon.co.uk].

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
After the first cautions for the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, many proposals have been done to adapt EMDR procedures to this specific population. Interesting interventions have been done for the use of EMDR in the preparation phase, but in spite of these useful proposals, EMDR is still considered by many clinicians as an intervention that is limited for the treatment of traumatic memories. From this conceptualization, which we have called the all/nothing perspective, the use of EMDR is strongly limited. Many clinicians wait years for trauma reprocessing. As a consequence of this conceptualization, many EMDR therapists do not use EMDR with most of their dissociative clients, and just use it with highly functioning patients, sometimes after years of therapy with other approaches. In this workshop we will describe (and exemplify with clinical cases and videos) different interventions with EMDR in dissociative clients, from the preparatory phase, in what we have called a Progressive Approach. The way in which specific EMDR procedures can contribute to enhance recovery in survivors will be explained. For doing this, concepts from the different approaches and scientific knowledge about severe traumatization will be integrated with the Adaptive Information Processing Model from EMDR. The idea is to propose a holistic model for EMDR therapy in Dissociative Disorders. The interweaving between theoretical concepts and clinical procedures, theoretical developments and video examples, will allow the audience to assimilate information and translate it to their clinical practice. Therapist from approaches different from EMDR will understand what this therapy can offer to the treatment of severely traumatized people. EMDR therapists will learn new proposals of interventions at the different phases of the treatment. We will present different examples of interventions in severely traumatized patients: DID, DESNOS, BPD and Somatoform dissociation.

Keywords: Dissociation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. Eliscu, M.S., Fitzgerald, J., Gomez, A., Bergmann, U., Page, R., Cloud, L., Davis, K., & Janis, K. O. (2010, September/October). EMDR and diversity: A panel presentation discussion. Panel discussion at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The workshop will consist of a panel of EMDR clinicians who work with a particular population of clients with whom the clinician shares a background or heritage or with whom he/she has a deep sense of empathy and understanding. Each presenter will explain how he/she came to work with this population. This will be followed by a response to three questions about using EMDR with a particular population. In addition, presenters will explain what special approaches and adaptations (if any) work to benefit the population they serve. They will also address what unspoken issues may be important in treating each population.

Keywords: Diversity  Panel Discussion  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. Spierings, J. (2013, June). EMDR and mourning. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with mourning clients can be difficult. To face the irrevocability of loss and to stand helpless and empty-handed as a therapist is a heavy burden. Sometimes it seems there is nothing we can do to help our clients. Yet there are many ways in which EMDR can contribute to help our clients to live a valuable life after a serious loss.
In this presentation the psychodynamics of complicated mourning are discussed. Treatment strategies and treatment techniques (both EMDR and combined techniques) are developed for specific patterns of complicated mourning (i.e. denied mourning, postponed mourning, chronic mourning, distorted mourning, traumatized mourning, somatized mourning).
Some non-EMDR techniques (rituals, Gestalt dialogue, writing assignments, imagination techniques) will be integrated into EMDR treatment. Also practical interventions to address resistance and affect regulation problems will be discussed.
Learning Objectives: What are the key aspects of using EMDR with issues of grief and mourning; Outline the core characteristics of stabilization and resourcing for this population; Review the range of cognitive interviews that have an application when evidence of blocked processing is apparent with this client group

Keywords: Grief  Mourning  Resourcing  Stabilization  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. Nickeson, C. (2010, September/October). EMDR and panic disorder. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will be a practical presentation on how to use EMDR in the treatment of panic disorder. Information will be given on what needs to be accomplished in each of the eight phases of EMDR to be effective with this population. Participants will be taught how to provide psycho-educational information using the AIP model to explain panic disorder. In panic disorder, interoceptive cues become triggers for subsequent panic attacks and it is useful to view panic disorder as a phobic reaction to bodily sensations. The workshop will conclude with the presentation of a structured protocol for treatment planning and target selection.

Keywords: Panic Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. Weston, D. L. (1995, June). EMDR and the issues of gay clients. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is an effective therapeutic method for working with the emotional issues of gay clients. The first portion of this workshop will examine the "pubic" and "relationship" definitions of homosexuality. Being gay is much more than how people express themselves sexually. A brief historical and cultural kamework for understanding the emotional issues of lesbian I gay persons will be presented. There will be a review of the psychological theories and the research about the origins of homosexuality. The second portion of the workshop will focus on the psychological path of persons recognizing they are gay. The changes in the "pre-stonewall' and "post-stonewall" experience will be highlighted. This review of psychological experience will look at the points where EMDR therapists can be sensitive to the presence of emotional issues related to being gay. Feeling "different" is often a precursor to recognizing that one is gay. It is impossible to grow up in our culture without internalization of negative attitudes about gay people. When an individual recognizes (s)he is lesbian or gay, this negative learning now applies to one's self. EMDR is effective in resolving this "internalized homophobia." "Coming out" to one's self is a shock because, "I am no longer the person I believed myself to be." EMDR helps clients see gayness, not as an event happening in Me at this moment, but as something with a history related to earlier life experiences and feelings. This perception of continuity reduces the sense of crisis around being homosexual. As internalized homophobia is resolved, acceptance and valuing of self increases. Using the EMDR "future template" protocol assists people in preparing to "come out" to family, fiiends, employers, etc. Gay activists suggests that lesbian/gay persons need to be "out" in all situations. EMDR can help people understand why they want to come out to various people in various situations. It assists in idenhfxation of what people want as the result of "coming out." EMDR is effective in workmg with the myths about homosexuality; the cultural homophobia. Among the myths to be focused are: gay men are promiscuous, being gay is immoral, gay sexual expression is perversion, gay relationships don't last, lesbian/gay persons recruit young people, etc. The third portion of this workshop will focus on issues of HIV disease. There will be a brief epidemiological presentation and focus on the medical and psychological issues of persons with HIV disease. Application of EMDR at "crisis points" of HIV disease will be presented: (1) the worried well, a diminishing population as the aids epidmc continues, (2) the time of HIV+ diagnosis when the potential for suicide is highest, (3) the time of the first AIDS defining illness, (4) response to declining health and approaching death, and (5) issues of "meaning" as life moves toward death. EMDR's application in grief and multiple loss will be presented. Our culture's attitude that grief is something to "be resolved" and "get over" is a mistake. Grief is an ongoing process, especially when people are dealing with multiple losses of partners, fiends, etc. EMDR is effective in reducing the pain around loss so that the grief process can proceed more comfortably. The workshop will end with discussion of characteristics which therapists need to evaluate in relation to the decision to work or not work with gay and gay HIV infected clients. Working with gay men leads to working with clients with HIV disease. Therapists need to be clear about their boundaries and comfort in dealing with home and hospital visits, touching people who have AIDS, being present at the death of a client, and other issues that arise in HIVIAIDS care. The rewards of working with this population and the life changes it may make for the therapist will also be highlighted.

Keywords: Gay Clients  Homosexuality  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. Rogers, S. (1998, July). EMDR and the resolution of guilt in a veteran population. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) be able to differentiate between survivor guilt, bystander guilt, and perpetrator guilt and will become familiar with some of the literature addressing this issue; 2) become familiar with common patterns of naturally-occurring resolution of guilt during EMDR; 3) learn some ways the issue of guilt in clients'presentations, how to present EMDR in a way which can be accepted by clients, and how to frame cognitive interweaves which can be used by clients whose guilt may be "reality based."

Keywords: Guilt  Veterans  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. Hofmann, A. (2009, June). EMDR and the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patients with complex PTSD and dissociative symptoms are a challenging patient population . Concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et al.) and the the research on memory networks and especially structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) helps to understand this patients better. In the treatment of this patients EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also enclose other EMDR modalities besides the EMDR standard protocol. New developments in EMDR and an decission help when to apply them can help pacing the therapy of these patients and making it successful.

Keywords: Adults  Childhood Sexual Abuse  Keynote  Neglect  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Rogers, S. M. (2008, June). EMDR and the treatment of combat trauma. Keynote at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
From the first days of its development, EMDR was applied to those suffering from the trauma of war. As EMDR pioneers worked with this population, the unique features of resolving combat-related PTSD rapidly became clear. These features included not only the complexity of the symptoms, issues, and the involvement of other life experiences but included also the particular skills, knowledge, and attitudes needed of the clinician. In the area of research, while the population of survivors with warrelated PTSD steadily and unfortunately has grown, research has not kept pace. This has resulted not only in deficits of the scientific support for EMDR but has contributed to challenges to the use of EMDR with combat veterans.

Keywords: Combat  Keynote  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Korn, D. L. (2011, August). EMDR and the treatment of complex PTSD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into an overall recovery plan in working with adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Individuals with histories of chronic victimization often struggle with extreme vulnerability and shame, heightened dissociative tendencies, and limited affect tolerance. In considering their unique needs, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored. Fears and blocking beliefs commonly seen in this population will be discussed, along with suggestions for effective cognitive interweave interventions. In addition, significant attention will be devoted to integrating EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment. This program will include lecture, videotape presentations, and case discussion.

Keywords: C-PTSD  Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. Bloomgarden, A., & Calogero-Wah, R. (2002, June). EMDR and the treatment of the body image in an inpatient eating disorder population. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Body Image  Eating Disorders  Poster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Greenwald, R. (2002). EMDR and trauma-focused treatment for conduct problems. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper No. 19 (pp. 15-21) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct problems, in conjunction with other contributing factors. Preliminary research on child/adolescent trauma treatment indicates that such treatment can successfully reduce post-traumatic symptoms as well as conduct problem symptoms. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has shown particular promise. However, it can be difficult to secure treatment compliance for trauma-focused work with this challenging population. A more comprehensive treatment approach is suggested which addresses trauma-related issues of motivation, safety, and self-efficacy as a foundation form which to introduce EMDR. Reductions in post-traumatic stress, related symptoms, and problem behaviours along with improved school performance, indicate the value of further study of this type of treatment approach.

Keywords: Children  Conduct Disorders  Occasional Paper  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. Hase, M. (2011, June). EMDR and trauma: Somatic disease and medical treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Severe somatic disorders and the subsequent medical treatment often signify serious threat and feelings of being helplessly exposed to them. This gets obvious as one regards the phenomenon of intraoperative awareness. About 8000 - 16000 of these incidents per year are to be expected for the Federal German Republic according to recent investigations. But even less dramatic incidents within the natural course of the disease or incidents evoked by the therapeutic approach may leave their marks. However, posttraumatic stress disorder is not always easy to be diagnosed and treated. A remarkable amount of patients in psychosomatic rehabilitation is afflicted with mental consequences of somatic disorders such as cerebral infarction, coronary heart disease or, respectively, the necessary somatic treatment of these disorders. The prevalence of PTSD and the effects on the course of the disease as well as on everyday functioning are not to be underestimated here. This workshop is supposed to demonstrate the specifics of the EMDR-treatment for this population of interest. Treatment of patients with underlying cardiological and neurological diseases is further illustrated by video documentation. Considerations about the selection of target memory lead to a treatment algorithm. The contact with body memory is going to be explored by the use of case studies.

Keywords: Medical  Somatic  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. Eimer, B. N. (1995, June). EMDR applications for pain management. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The focus of this 3-hour workshop will be on using EMDR to alleviate emotional distress attendant to coping with acute physical pain and living with chronic pain. Participants in this workshop will learn: (a) how to conduct a targeted assessment of the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain; (b) a guided pain healing meditation; (c) an EMDR protocol for installing pain relief imagery and self-care techniques; (d) an EMDR protocol for reprocessing covert pain talk, pain behaviors and pain-related memories; (e) how to apply A.J. Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing substance abuse (i.e., Overeating, drinking) and dependence on pain medication in this population. The presentation will first address how to conduct a structured assessment that identifies targets for EMDR treatment. The dysfunctional information package associated with chronic pain (termed the "biogram")and "seven keys" to understanding chronic pain will be discussed. Then, essential principles for designing an effective individual psychotherapy program for the pain sufferer will be presented. Next, use of the "seven keys for constructing a guided healing meditation (i.e., Self-care technique) for the pain patient that also incorporates Francine Shapiro's "light stream" and "spiral" guided meditations will be demonstrated. A script for this, termed the "C.O.M.P.I.S.S. Pain Healing Meditation," will be distributed. The workshop will then address how to introduce EMDR to the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain. What EMDR can do and probably cannot do for pain patients will then be discussed. Next, principles for choosing an initial tarqet for reprocessing will be discussed. The presentation will then cover (with clinical case examples): (1) Red flags and cautions to consider before proceeding with EMDR- (2) What to do and what not to do if the patient is dissociative; (3) How to "mirror" and install with EMDR empathic responses to underlying beliefs associated with "secondary gains" minus primary losses; (4) Teaching the distinction between pain sensations and suffering; (5) How to teach and install with EMDR self-care and pain coping techniques such as pain relief imagery, mental distraction techniques, safe place imagery, and positive motivation for healthy self-care behaviors; (6) How to directly address with the patient the application of "cognitive psychology" and imagery for pain reduction; (7) EMDR reprocessing of memories around the pain's origins; (8) EMDR reprocessing of pain-related conflicts, negative beliefs, negative past experiences, internalized self-identifications, self-punitive tendencies and self-defeating behaviors; (9) Eliciting core negative pain coping cognitions and suggesting preferable positive cognitions to the pain patient; (10) EMDR reprocessing of negative cognitions associated with depression and anxiety. (11) Use of EMDR to facilitate mental rehearsal of coping responses to pain triggers; (12) Material that often comes up in using EMDR with pain patients; (13) Strategically restructuring patient "resistance" with coanitive interweave; (14) Managing narcotic and pain medication seeking behavior and substance abuse; (15) Use of Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing medication dependence and substance abuse in this population; (16) Treating pain patients who also have PTSD. Videotaped case excerpts will be shown that illustrate important points covered. If time permits, participants may be able to briefly discuss EMDR applications to specific medical and pain patient populations.

Keywords: Chronic Pain  Pain  Pain Management  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

62. Fernandez, I. (2008, June). EMDR as an elective treatment with children survivors of mass disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper describes the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked). EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment with the population and was the elective treatment for the children of elementary schools which were the most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one month, three months and a year from the critical event. Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and sibling. Psychological support and EMDR treatment were provided to parents and school personnel and this aspect has been considered in the last interventions fundamental to enhance treatment results in children. Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess post-traumatic symptomatology before and after treatment will be shown, along with follow up data. Treatment group show a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Statistical analysis of results will be discussed. The author will highlight clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent trauma of great magnitude. The post-traumatic stress reactions of this group in developmental age will be discussed. EMDR treatment for parents and other adults involved in the disaster has proved to be critical when dealing with children’s symptomatology. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions coming from our field studies will be presented.

Keywords: Children  Elective Treatment  Mass Disasters  Recent Events  Survivors    

Accuracy Verified: Yes

63. Leuning, E., & Mevissen, L. (2012, March). EMDR bij autisme spectrum stoornis en EMDR bij verstandelijke beperking, zoek de verschillen [Complex PTSD: Evaluation of treatment by patient and therapist - "You need not type during EMDR."]. Presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland .

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Het herkennen van PTSS bij mensen met een stoornis in het autisme spectrum (ASS), of een verstandelijke beperking (VB) kan moeilijk zijn. Bij ASS, maar ook bij VB wordt de ontregeling vaak gezien als iets dat bij de stoornis hoort, en niet gekoppeld aan bijzondere ervaringen. De client zelf beschikt doorgaans over onvoldoende vaardigheden om te overzien dat zijn veranderde stemming/gedrag te maken heeft met een bepaalde gebeurtenis, en kan dit vervolgens doorgaans ook onvoldoende helder communiceren vanwege zijn beperkingen op dit gebied. Vanuit de literatuur is door diverse mensen aangegeven dat kinderen en jongeren met een stoornis in het autistisch spectrum een grotere kans hebben om getraumatiseerd te raken in verband met hun kwetsbaarheid en onvermogen om te communiceren. Dit geldt ook voor volwassenen met ASS en/of een verstandelijke beperking. PTSS wordt in deze beide groepen dan ook zelden onderkend. Wanneer PTSS wel onderkend wordt, is er nagenoeg niets geschreven over eventuele behandeling ervan bij de bovengenoemde doelgroepen. Als EMDR wordt toegepast bij mensen met een verstandelijke beperking wordt het protocol afgestemd op de ontwikkelingsleeftijd. Ook voor volwassenen met een VB wordt het protocol voor kinderen gebruikt. Als er dan nog stagnaties zijn in de EMDR behandeling is de kans groot dat er sprake is van comorbide problemen. ASS is zo'n veel voorkomende comorbide stoornis bij deze populatie: in ongeveer 50% van de gevallen gaat ASS samen gaat met een VB. In de workshop worden beelden getoond van verschillen tussen cliënten met ASS en cliënten met VB. Tevens wordt aandacht besteed aan het kiezen van de juiste afleidende stimulus bij cliënten met ASS. Daarnaast wordt een video getoond van een cliënt waar naar aanleiding van het verloop van de EMDR behandeling de diagnose wordt aangescherpt.

Recognizing PTSD in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or an intellectual disability (VB) can be difficult. In ASD, but also in VB is the disruption often seen as something that belongs to the disorder, and not linked to specific experiences. The client will generally have insufficient skills to oversee his altered mood / behavior has to do with a certain event, and can then usually also lack clear communication because of its limitations in this area. From the literature by several people indicated that children and young people with autistic spectrum disorder are more likely to become traumatized because of their vulnerability and inability to communicate. This also applies to adults with ASD and / or intellectual disabilities. PTSD in these two groups therefore rarely recognized. When PTSD is recognized, there is almost nothing written about its possible treatment with the above target groups. If EMDR is used in people with intellectual disabilities is the protocol tailored to the developmental age. For adults with VB is the protocol used for children. If there are still blockages in the EMDR treatment is likely that there is comorbid problems. ASD is a common comorbid disorder in this population in about 50% of ASD cases coincides with a VB. In the workshop are shown images of differences between clients with ASD and clients with VB. Attention is also paid to choosing the right distracting stimulus in clients with ASD. In addition, a video display of a client, which as a result of the course of the treatment EMDR the diagnosis is tightened.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  C-PTSD  Complex PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

64. Hofmann, A. (2006, November). EMDR bij de behandeling van complexe PTSS patiënten [EMDR in the treatment of complex PTSD patients]. Keynote gepresenteerd aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patiënten met complexe PTSS en dissociatieve symptomen zijn een uitdagende patiëntenpopulatie. Concepten zoals de stoornis van extreme stress (Herman et al..) En het geheugen van het onderzoek naar netwerken en vooral structurele dissociatie (Nijenhuis et al..) Helpt om dit te begrijpen patiënten beter. Bij de behandeling van deze patiënten EMDR kan een van de belangrijkste benaderingen in de behandeling een therapie instelling die gewoonlijk moet ook bijvoegen andere modaliteiten naast de EMDR EMDR standaardprotocol. Nieuwe ontwikkelingen in EMDR en een decission helpen wanneer ze toe te passen kan pacing de therapie van deze patiënten te helpen en maakt het succesvol.

Patients with complex PTSD and dissociative symptoms are a challenging patient population . Concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et al.) and the the research on memory networks and especially structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) help to understand these patients better. In the treatment of this patients EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also enclose other EMDR modalities besides the EMDR standard protocol. New developments in EMDR and an decission help when to apply them can help pacing the therapy of these patients and making it successful.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  C-PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

65. van Nijnatten, A. (2012). EMDR bij getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen: Verschil in effectiviteit tussen visuele en auditieve stimulatie [EMDR with traumatized asylum seekers and refugees: difference in effectiveness between visual and auditory stimulation]. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.

Language: Dutch

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Objective: Recent studies suggest that eye movements are the most effective form of stimulation in EMDR, but this assertion is based primarily on studies using the general population. This study evaluated whether tones and eye movements in EMDR are equally effective in reducing symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression among asylum seekers and refugees, who are diagnosed with PTSD. As a control the entire EMDR condition was compared with a waiting list condition, who received no treatment. Method: In the present study 43 asylum seekers and refugees in the age of 20 to 73 years, who were indicated for treatment at Stichting Centrum ’45, participated. They were assigned to three different conditions: EMDR with eye movements, EMDR with tones or no treatment. The patients were not randomly assigned to the three conditions. Trauma symptoms were measured with the CAPS and HTQ and anxiety and depression symptoms with the HSCL-25. Results: Both tones and eye movements in EMDR lead to a reduction in symptoms of trauma, according to the HTQ. When trauma symptoms are reported according to the CAPS both conditions do not lead to a significant reduction in complaints. Concerning symptoms of anxiety and depression both conditions lead to a reduction in symptoms. Again there is no difference between tones and eye movements. It appears that EMDR is not significantly better in reducing symptoms of trauma, compared to the waiting list condition. Both EMDR and no treatment do not lead to a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression and there is no distinction between the conditions. Conclusion: Eye movements and tones lead to a significant reduction in symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression, but this reduction is insufficient compared to the control condition. This is probably due to the small sample size of the present study. The present study implies that the theory that eye movements are more effective than tones in EMDR may not be generalizable to a complex group of patients, namely asylum seekers and refugees diagnosed with PTSD.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers  Auditory Stimulation  Refugees  Visual Stimulation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

66. ter Heide, J. J. (2010, April). EMDR bij getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen: Wat is wijsheid? [EMDR with traumatized refugees and asylum seekers: What is wisdom?]. Presentatie Aan de Vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Inhoud: Sinds een aantal jaren schrijven de richtlijnen voor de behandeling van posttraumatische stress bij volwassenen, twee behandelingen voor: trauma-focused cognitieve gedragstherapie (TFCBT) en EMDR. Over de effectiviteit van deze behandelvormen bij asielzoekers en vluchtelingen bestaat in het veld nogal wat discussie. Asielzoekers en vluchtelingen zouden, door de complexiteit van hun traumatisering en van hun sociale omstandigheden, mogelijk niet goed in staat zijn tot "traumaverwerking" en meer baat hebben bij stabiliserende interventies. Naar de effectiviteit van TFCBT bij deze populatie zijn verschillende gerandomiseerde onderzoeken verricht. Over de effectiviteit van EMDR bij getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen zijn tot nu toe geen gecontroleerde data bekend. In deze workshop wordt stilgestaan bij een aantal belangrijke aspecten van de behandeling met EMDR van getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen. Werkvorm Er wordt informatie gegeven over de problematiek van deze doelgroep, en de mate waarin EMDR daar een oplossing voor biedt. Resultaten worden besproken van een pilot studie, waarin 20 getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen behandeld werden met ofwel EMDR ofwel stabilisatie. Tevens worden twee casussen gepresenteerd van succesvolle en minder succesvolle EMDR bij een getraumatiseerde vluchteling. Discussie met de deelnemers wordt van harte verwelkomd, aangezien niemand nog de wijsheid in pacht heeft wat betreft de behandeling van deze doelgroep. Doel: Het doel van de workshop is de deelnemer te informeren over de problematiek van getraumatiseerde asielzoekers en vluchtelingen, en over de rol die EMDR zou kunnen spelen in de behandeling. Daarnaast is een doel het uitwisselen van ervaringen en meningen over de behandeling met EMDR van deze doelgroep.

Contents: For several years writing the guidelines for the treatment of posttraumatic stress in adults, two treatments: trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TFCBT) and EMDR. About the effectiveness of these treatment modalities for asylum seekers and refugees is in the field quite a lot. Asylum seekers and refugees would, by the complexity of their trauma and their social circumstances, may not be able to "trauma" and would certainly be stabilizing interventions. The effectiveness of TFCBT in this population, several randomized studies. About the effectiveness of EMDR with traumatized asylum seekers and refugees have so far been no controlled data are known. In this workshop looks at some important aspects of the EMDR treatment of traumatized asylum seekers and refugees. Form Information is given about the problems of this target group, and the degree of EMDR as a solution to offer. Results are discussed from a pilot study in which 20 asylum seekers and refugees traumatized treated with either EMDR or stabilization. It also presented two case studies of successful and less successful EMDR in a traumatized refugees. Discussion with the participants is highly welcomed, since no one has a monopoly of wisdom regarding the treatment of this group. Purpose: The aim of the workshop is to inform participants about the problems of traumatized asylum seekers and refugees, and the role that EMDR might play in treatment. It is also an aim of exchanging experiences and views on the EMDR treatment of this group.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers  Refugees  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

67. ter Heide, J. J. (2011, August). EMDR bij getraumatiseerde vluchtelingen [EMDR with traumatized refugees]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 180-185. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0036-2.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
While EMDR is treatment of choice for traumatized adults with PTSS, its efficacy has not been validated with traumatized refugees. As long as no evidence is available for EMDR with this population, EMDR with refugees should be informed by theoretical approaches to treatment of PTSS in adults. Four approaches are discussed: the phased approach that advocates stabilization before EMDR; the multimodal approach that advocates combining EMDR with other interventions; the trauma-focused approach that advocates offering EMDR to all adults with PTSS, including refugees and, the transcultural approach that advocates a culturally sensitive administration of EMDR. Several pilot studies on EMDR with traumatized refugees, randomized controlled trials of EMDR with multiply traumatized populations, and a trial of EMDR in a non-western setting may further inform EMDR-therapists working with traumatized refugees. Suggestions are made for combining the four approaches and scientific evidence in treatment planning and execution of EMDR with this population. The EMDR protocol itself prescribes several interventions for treating multiply traumatized patients, such as resource development and installation, clustering of traumatic experiences, and cognitive interweaves. Additionally, culturally sensitive interventions may enable the refugee to actively partake in the treatment process by increasing motivation for trauma processing, by diminishing language barriers, and by facilitating the formulation of culturally congruent meanings to trauma. The question remains whether EMDR, which offers an individualistic approach to trauma, is sufficiently suited to address the collective traumatization of victims of war and organized violence.

Keywords: Refugees  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

68. Post, L. L. (2000, September). EMDR case study:  Micronesia. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(3), 4-5.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
As a physician board-certified in Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine, Addiction Psychiatry, Sexology, Traumatology, and with credentials in Massage Therapy, EMDR, and as a Forensic Examiner, I have worked in almost every practice setting imaginable and with a broad variety of patients. Having been based from a hospital, community clinic, halfway-house residence, private office, Veterans Administration Medical Center, training institution, and doing outreach on the streets, I am clinically familiar with the behavioral challenges of children, adolescents, young adults, old adults, couples, families, and groups manifesting acute symptoms and exacerbations of chronic disorders, with and without chemical dependency, physical problems, and sociological impairments. I like to teach trainees, do interactive lectures, travel and experience ‘difference.’ It is thus that I have found myself a settled homeowner on Saipan, a Manhattan-sized island that, as part of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (U.S.), is the farthest-flung American overseas possession. Always the outsider; here among the various tan tones of complexion found among the indigenous of the western Pacific, I have experimented with several interventional strategies, both to establish rapport and some trust and also to start creating that unique and culturally competent treatment modality that will foster growth among my patients. Cognitive-behavioral approaches generally work better than insight-oriented ones because of the ‘here-and-now’ mindset of Chamorros, Carolinians, Yapese, Chukese, Pohnpeians, Kosraeans, and Filipinos who comprise the population base here. Let me briefly discuss one fascinating case. Twenty two year old Chamolinian woman, married and with three young children was involved in a minor motor vehicle accident. This accident was a spinoff of a more serious one primarily involving two other vehicles. In a large truck (Toyota T100), she was not hurt, and the two children riding with her were also unharmed.

Keywords: Case Study  Micronesia  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

69. St. André, É. (2010, Avril/Mai). EMDR dans le traitement d’un trouble obsessif compulsif: Une étude de cas [EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: A case study]. Atelier présenté à la réunion annuelle de l'EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Le trouble obsessif compulsif (TOC) est un trouble anxieux généralement chronique se présentant avec des obsessions récurrentes tel des idées persistantes, des images mentales et des compulsions (suivant les obsessions) tel des actes physiques ou mentaux répétitifs. Dans cet atelier, le médecin fournira des indications cliniques sur son utilisation de l’EMDR dans le traitement d’un patient souffrant de TOC, et donnera quelques exemples tirés de la pratique d’autres cliniciens, en sus d’une révision des notions de base utiles à la compréhension du TOC (théorie neurobiologiques, épidémiologie, etc.). La présentatrice tentera de souligner ce qu’il y a d’unique dans l’utilisation de l’EMDR dans le traitement de l’OCD, les difficultés rencontrées et les solutions utilisées dans ce cas précis. Elle décrira l’utilisation de la méthode de traitement standard en 8 étapes dans un cas spécifique, et dans les modalités de temps (passé, présent, futur), Nous verrons l’identification des cibles de traitement, et la gestion des symptômes de TOC qui entravent le fonctionnement quotidien des patients affectés. Nous verrons aussi les défis proposés par cette population, en clinique. Les participants pourront utiliser certaines stratégies dans un exercice pratique. (Tous les niveaux)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder typically presenting with chronic recurrent obsessions such persistent ideas, images and mental compulsions (as obsessions) as acts of physical or mental patterns. In this workshop, the doctor will provide information on clinical use of EMDR in treating a patient suffering from OCD, and provide some examples from the practice of other clinicians, in addition to a review of concepts useful background for understanding the TOC (theory neurobiology, epidemiology, etc..). The presenter will attempt to highlight what is unique in the use of EMDR in the treatment of OCD, the difficulties encountered and solutions used in this case. She will describe the use of the method of standard treatment in 8 steps in a specific case and in terms of time (past, present, future), we see the identification of treatment targets, and management of symptoms of OCD which hinder the daily operation of affected patients. We will also see the challenges offered by this population in clinical practice. Participants may use certain strategies in a practical exercise.

Keywords: Case Study  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder  OCD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

70. Dautovic, E., Aldenkamp, E., & Rodenburg, R. (2012, June). EMDR effectiveness in adults with PTSD and an intellectual disability: A case series [La efectividad del EMDR en adultos con una discapacidad intelectual y TEPT: Series de casos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Assocation, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Background People with an intellectual disability (ID) have an increased vulnerability for abuse and assault, and subsequently an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The prevalence of PTSD is found to be significantly higher in people with intellectual disabilities than in people without disabilities. Eye movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has proved to be an effective PTSD treatment in people without ID. EMDR is widely used in treating people with ID, while research into the effectiveness of EMDR in individuals with an ID is very scarce. Therefore more research is necessary to speak of EMDR being an evidence-based trauma treatment for this specific population. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treating PTSD in adults with an ID. The effects of the treatment on anxiety, symptoms of depression, and quality of life were also investigated. Methods From September 2010 till december 2012, adults with an ID, diagnosed with PTSD and treated with EMDR, were included in the study. Before and after treatment questionnaires were completed by the participants. Normative deviation scores (NDS) were calculated to estimate the condition of the participant before and after treatment compared to the non-disabled population. The Reliable Change Index (RCI) was used to establish statistically significant change due to treatment. Preliminary results Primarily, a significant change in PTSD symptoms, from clinical to non-clinical levels, is found. Secondarily, co-morbid anxiety and depression complaints are detected, which decline after treatment with EMDR. In addition, an increase in wellbeing in the participants is found. Conclusion From the preliminary results EMDR seems an effective treatment for PTSD in adults with an ID. However, for calculations are still being conducted, the final results and conclusions will be presented at the conference

La población con una discapacidad intelectual, tiene un riesgo mayor de vulnerabilidad para el abuso y el asalto, y por tanto un aumento en el riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno de estrés post-­‐traumático (TEPT). La prevalencia del TEPT es significativamente mayor en personas con retraso mental que en personas sin este tipo de discapacidad. El EMDR ha sido mostrado como efectivo en el tratamiento del TEPT en personas sin discapacidad intelectual. EDMR es ampliamente usado en el tratamiento de personas con discapacidad intelectual, mientras tanto la investigación en la efectividad del EMDR en personas con discapacidad intelectual es muy escasa. Consecuentemente mas investigaciones son necesarias para hablar de EMDR siendo un tratamiento valido para el trauma en esta población especifica. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la eficacia del reprocesamiento por movimiento oculares (EMDR) en el tratamiento del TEPT en adultos con una deficiencia mental. Los efectos de este tratamiento en ansiedad, síntomas de depresión y calidad de vida fueron también investigados. Desde Septiembre de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2012, los adultos con una deficiencia mental, fueron diagnosticados de TEPT y tratados con EMDR, fueron incluidos en este estudio. Se pasaron cuestionarios pre y post tratamiento a los participantes. Las puntuaciones de desviación típica fueron calculadas para estimar la condición del participante antes y después del tratamiento comparada con la población sin discapacidad. El índice de cambio real (RCI) fue utilizado para establecer de manera estadísticamente significativa el cambio debido al tratamiento. Los resultados preliminares, muestran un cambio significativo en el los síntomas del TEPT, en niveles clínicos y no clínicos. De manera secundaria, quejas de comorbilidad con ansiedad y depresión fueron detectadas que disminuyeron tras el tratamiento con EMDR. Además, un incremento en el bienestar de los participantes fue encontrado. La conclusión de estos datos preliminares es que el EMDR parece ser un tratamiento efectivo para el TEPT en adultos con una discapacidad intelectual. Sin embargo, los cálculos aún están siendo analizados, los resultados finales y las conclusiones serán presentadas en la conferencia.

Keywords: Adults  Intellectual Disability  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

71. Matthess, H., & Mehrotra, S. (2008, June). EMDR Europe Humanitarian Assistance Programme (HAP): The efficacy of using EMDR in the aftermath of an earthquake in India. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
India, the world’s second largest democracy, is known for its diversity in terrain, culture and ethnicity. Prone to both natural and man made calamities along with a high population density and not enough resources, mental health does not rank high on the list of people’s priorities. The earthquake of January 2001, was the second deadliest experienced by the country through its recorded history. Trauma therapy, specifically EMDR was still at its inception in the country with very few fully trained professionals. These professionals put together a response that reached out to more than 16000 affected individuals, mostly children and adolescents and a few parents, teachers and adults from the society. The keynote address discusses the approach that was adapted in working in Gujarat in the aftermath of the earth quake, the processes that were modified to make them relevant both to the culture and the trauma experienced by the people. The address also discusses the documented findings while work was underway, the experiences and observations of the therapists along with a few representative cases. The data for this keynote was generated through the drawings of children done as a part of the therapy itself. The impact on adolescents using the Impact of Event scale will also be presented.

Keywords: Earthquake  India  Keynote  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

72. Waters, F. S., & Adler-Tapia, R. (2009, November). EMDR for children with trauma and dissociation: Case conceptualization from stabilization to integration. Presentation at the 26th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Washington, DC .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This workshop initially will review the 8 phase EMDR protocol for implementation with severely traumatized and dissociative children and provide advanced skills utilizing the EMDR protocol with this population. The 8 phase EMDR protocol will be described. Therapeutic challenges for therapists in implementing this protocol with young children with complex trauma will be explored with recommendations for clinicians on how to provide efficacious treatment to children. Each phase of the protocol will be discussed identifying specific goals and specialized interventions presented with linguistic sensitivity to maintain adherence to the EMDR protocol with young children. Client History and Treatment Planning Phase, and the Preparation Phase of the EMDR Protocol will be detailed. The assessment of dissociation in young children will include recommendations for specific assessment tools. Stabilization skills for helping children address the phobic response to reprocessing traumatic events with mastery and resourcing while learning self-soothing and calming techniques will be demonstrated. Innovative and creative interventions integrating play and art therapy will be presented with child friendly language using the protocol sequence for effective treatment with children. In addition, adjustments to the EMDR protocol through the trauma processing phases, including integration, will be described and demonstrated with case presentations and videos. Creatively maneuvering these phases with children who display dissociative symptoms will be explored with recommendations for the successful implementation of the protocol throughout the healing process

Keywords: Case Conceptualization  Children  Dissociation  Stabilization  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

73. Greenwald, R., Soberman, G., Shelton, D., & Fisher, B. (2000, September). EMDR for conduct problems. Presentation at the International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify several significant contributing factors in the development and persistence of conduct problems; 2) describe several clinical applications of EMDR which are pertinent to the clinical issues presented by the conduct problem population; 3) discuss the findings of the study in which brief EMDR treatment was added to standard care for boys with conduct problems; 4) discuss the findings of the study in which the MASTR protocol was used with middle and high school students - also the preliminary findings of the MASTR study with incarcerated juveniles; and 5) discuss the findings of the study which "enhanced" EMDR was used with domestic violence offenders.

Keywords: Brief EMDR Treatment  Conduct problems  Domestic Violence Offenders  Enhanced EMDR  Incarcerated Juveniles  MASTR Protocol  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

74. Kim, D. (2010, July). EMDR for the treatment of schizophrenia. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Despite standard treatment with antipsychotic medication, many individuals with schizophrenia continue to suffer from significant residual symptoms and functional disabilities. Thus, psychosocial treatment for this difficult-to-treat disorder is warranted. Given the high prevalence of trauma in this population, role of life events, and stressful treatment-related adversities, EMDR is suggested to have an important place in the treatment and management of schizophrenia. This presentation will first provide the background of using EMDR for this population, then, procedural considerations. Finally, two case reports and results of a randomized clinical trial done with acute phase schizophrenia will be demonstrated.

Keywords: Schizophrenia  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

75. Hofmann, A. (2010, July). EMDR for treating depression. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Scientific studies of EMDR have shown that it is one of the most effective tools to treat posttraumatic stress disorder. One of the lesser known properties of EMDR is that it also seems to be an effective psychotherapy method in a number of disorders that may have part of their origins in stressfull memories. One of these disorders is chronic depression. Severe depression is one of the most common mental disorders and affects between 5-15% of the general population in their lifetimes. Although many psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic interventions exists that are considered to be effective in depression, the treatment is less than satisfactory. High relapse rates (ranging at 50% after two years), unsatisfactory remissions and suicidal risks are among the major problems. Research shows that there may be a link between traumatic events (like abuse experience in childhood) and the later occurrence of a depressive disorder. However there is no published systematic study that tries to explore the potential use of trauma specific treatments like EMDR with depressive patients with trauma history. The presenter will report the status of research on the subject and on a current controlled study underway to explore the use of EMDR in depressive patients.

Keywords: Depression  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

76. Hase, M. (2001, May). EMDR in a critical incident in Germany (prison riot). Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The prison system serves, among many others, one important goal: to separate those members of society, who are dangerous to others, from the more peaceful and law-abiding majority. As a consequence one could assume that the inmates of a prison from a, subgroup of human beings, distinct by their aggressive potential. Though this is not true for all of the prisoners, it may be true for many of them. It is a well known fact, at least in Germany, that procedures for controlling the safety in a prison, can't eliminate criminal behaviour or dealing with drugs in a prison. One could assume, that even if an adequate standard of safety is upheld, a prison would be a dangerous place to work in and that prison staff would be at a considerable risk of being traumatised at work. In the prison system in Lower Saxony, Germany, between 5 and 10 recently traumatised staff are invited to participate in a group consultation each year. The number of unrecorded cases is certainly much higher. In contrast there is not much literature about traumatisation of prison staff. On the other hand prison staff are regarded as a population often reluctant to engage in psychotherapy and leaving psychotherapy prematurely, without a significant treatment effect. On 13th of August 1999 a prisoner attacked prison staff at Uelzen prison in Lower Saxony, Germany. The perpetrator killed two members of staff, wounded two others severely and committed suicide immediately afterwards. More members of staff suffered from the psychological effects of the violence. The Critical Incident Team within the Ministry of Justice provided intensive care and counselling. 15 members of staff were identified as a high risk group to develop PTSD. 10 members of staff began psychotherapy. 7 qualified for a diagnosis of PTSD, 3 for related diagnoses, according to ICD-10 criteria None of them left therapy prematurely. One member of staff suffered from the effects of a civil war situation experienced 15 years before, with a late onset PTSD triggered by vicarious traumatisation. Only one remains out of work, but does not qualify for a diagnosis of PTSD at present. Three are still in therapy. 7 patents ended therapy with a complete recovery. EMDR was applied to great extent in 9 of the 10 cases. EMDR was tolerated well and proved to be fast and efficient. Treatment effects seem to last over time. Setting the focus on the trauma and using EMDR as a specific psychotherapeutic method seems to provide an accepted strategy with significant gains for this population.

Keywords: Critical Incident  Prison  Recent Events  Riot  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

77. Amann, B. (2012, June). EMDR in bipolar disorder: Results of a randomized, controlled pilot study [EMDR en el Trastorno Bipolar: Resultados de una muestra aleatoria, estudio piloto controlado]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There is increasing evidence about bipolar patients are more exposed than general population to negative life events and PTSD. This has consequences on the illness course being associated with more relapses and subsyndromal symptoms within affective episodes. We conducted the first controlled, randomized study of EMDR versus treatment as usual in 20 bipolar, subsyndromal traumatized bipolar patients. 11 Patients received between 15 and 20 sessions of EMDR, the follow-up was up to 6 months in both groups. Our hypothesis was that patients in the EMDR group would be more stable in their mood, would show less affective relapses, improvement in cognition/functioning, and quality of life, when compared with the control group. We present the first data of the evaluation after three months of intervention.

Existe una creciente evidencia acerca de que los pacientes bipolares están más expuestos que la población general a eventos vitales negativos y TEPT. Esto tiene consecuencias en el curso de la enfermedad con más recaídas y síntomas subsindrómicos dentro de los episodios afectivos. Hemos realizado el primer estudio con aleatorización controlada de EMDR versus el tratamiento estándar en 20 bipolares subsindrómicos, con traumatización. 11 pacientes recibieron entre 15 y 20 sesiones de EMDR, el seguimiento fue durante 6 meses en ambos grupos. Nuestra hipótesis fue que los pacientes en el grupo EMDR tendrían una mejor estabilización de su ánimo, menos propensos a las recaídas, y mejorarían su funcionamiento cognitivo, y calidad de vida, cuando los comprásemos con el grupo control.

Keywords: Bipolar Disorder  Pilot Study  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

78. Gonzalez, A., Mosquera, D., & Seijo, N. (2011, November). EMDR in dissociative disorders: The progressive approach. Presentation at the 26th Annual International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Montreal, QE .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Abstract: After the first cautions for the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, many proposals have been done to adapt EMDR procedures to this specific population. Interesting interventions have been done for the use of EMDR in the preparation phase, but in spite of these useful proposals, EMDR is still considered by many clinicians as an intervention that is limited for the treatment of traumatic memories. From this conceptualization, which we have called the all/nothing perspective, the use of EMDR is strongly limited. Many clinicians wait years for trauma reprocessing. As a consequence of this conceptualization, many EMDR therapists do not use EMDR with most of their dissociative clients, and just use it with highly functioning patients, sometimes after years of therapy with other approaches. In this workshop we will describe (and exemplify with clinical cases and videos) different interventions with EMDR in dissociative clients, from the preparatory phase, in what we have called a Progressive Approach. The way in which specific EMDR procedures can contribute to enhance recovery in survivors will be explained. For doing this, concepts from the different approaches and scientific knowledge about severe traumatization will be integrated with the Adaptive Information Processing Model from EMDR. The idea is to propose a holistic model for EMDR therapy in Dissociative Disorders. The interweaving between theoretical concepts and clinical procedures, theoretical developments and video examples, will allow the audience to assimilate information and translate it to their clinical practice. Therapist from approaches different from EMDR will understand what this therapy can offer to the treatment of severely traumatized people. EMDR therapists will learn new proposals of interventions at the different phases of the treatment. We will present different examples of interventions in severely traumatized patients: DID, DESNOS, BPD and Somatoform dissociation.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

79. Gonzalez, A. (2013, June). EMDR in dissociative disorders: The progressive approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
After the first cautions for the use of EMDR in dissociative disorders, many proposals have been done to adapt EMDR procedures to this specific population. Nevertheless EMDR is still considered by many clinicians as an intervention that is limited to the treatment of traumatic memories in highly functioning dissociative clients, after a long preparation phase. From this conceptualization the use of EMDR is strongly limited, and many trauma survivors cannot benefit of it.
In this workshop a comprehensive model for EMDR therapy in Dissociative Disorders (the Progressive Approach) will be proposed. From this extended framework, different interventions with EMDR in dissociative clients will be described, including procedures to prepare and stabilize these clients. The integration of these specific EMDR procedures into a group therapy for trauma survivors will be described. The interweaving between theoretical developments, clinical procedures and video examples will allow the audience to assimilate information and translate it to their clinical practice. Learning objectives: Propose a comprehensive model to approach dissociative clients from the EMDR perspective, connecting theoretical developments and clinical procedures; Identify difficult situations in EMDR therapy of severely traumatized people and describe EMDR procedures for dissociative clients, all along the different phases of treatment; Illustrate the “progressive approach” for the treatment of dissociative disorders with clinical examples and video fragments of individual and group sessions so EMDR therapists can understand when, where and how to apply these procedures in their clinical practice.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders  Progressive Approach  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

80. Hofmann, A. (2005, June). EMDR in the treatment of complex PTSD patients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patients with complex PTSD are a challenging patient population. Even if concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et 01.1 and the new research on structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) helps to understand these patients better, their treatment course is often complicated. In the treatment of these patients EMDR can be one of the key treatments approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also enclose other treatment modalities and the overall treatment plan. The objective of this course is to help therapists use the opportunities that the 8 phase EMDR treatment plan offers and to reduce the risks for their treatment course. Also the implications of the use of the standard protocol for EMDR and the inverted standard protocol are discussed. Depending on the size of the group, time for discussion about clinical cases of participants is welcome.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

81. Hofmann, A. (2004, September). EMDR in the treatment of complex PTSD patients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patients with complex PTSD are a challenging patient population. Even if concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et al.) and the new research on structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) help to understand these patients better, their treatment course is often complicated. In the treatment of these patients, EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also include other treatment modalities and the overall treatment plan.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

82. Hofmann, A. (2013, June). EMDR in the treatment of Depression. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Scientific studies of EMDR have shown that it is one of the most effective tools to treat posttraumatic stress disorder. One of the lesser known properties of EMDR is that it also seems to be an effective psychotherapy method in a number of disorders that may have part of their origins in stressful memories. One of these disorders is chronic depression.
Severe depression is one of the most common mental disorders and affects between 5-15% of the general population in their lifetimes. Although many psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic interventions exists that are considered to be effective in depression, the treatment is less than satisfactory. High relapse rates (ranging at 50% after two years), unsatisfactory remissions and suicidal risks are among the major problems.
Research shows that there may be a link between traumatic events (like abuse experience in childhood) and the later occurrence of a depressive disorder. However there is no published systematic study that tries to explore the potential use of trauma-specific treatments like EMDR with depressive patients.
The presenter will report the status of research on the subject, and will talk about possible EMDR strategies that have shown to be useful in depressive patients.
Learning objectives: Understanding the relationship of trauma and depression; Creating a treatment plan for depressive patients following the AIP model; and Find strategies to deal with relapsing and chronic depression

Keywords: Depression  Research  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

83. Hofmann, A. (2000, May 6). EMDR in the treatment of dissociative disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Patients with dissociative disorders are a complex patient population in which EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to enclose a number of other treatment modalities and an overall comprehensive treatment plan. If undiagnosed, dissociative patients are, on the other hand, at increased risk of developing complications during the treatment with EMDR. In this workshop, participants will learn how to: (1) develop a comprehensive treatment plan that includes trauma work with EMDR, (2) integrate the 8 phases of EMDR with the three general phases of trauma treatment according to Janet (stabilization, trauma work, integration), (3) find a good balance to interchange in therapy between stabilization phases, trauma work with EMDR and work within the therapeutic relationship, and (4) recognize and possibly counter treatment complications.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

84. Sautai, G. (2011, June). EMDR intensive therapy (EMDRIT). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Therapeutic Process seems to be blocked for some patients with strong Developmental Disorders or exposed to Disturbing Early Life Experiences (Bessel A. van der Kolk). A specific approach during EMDR Intensive Therapy (EMDRIT) using the Case Conceptualisation (Andrew Leeds), based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model (Francine Shapiro), the Attachment Theory (John Bowlby) and the Useful and Necessary Renouncement Principe (Judith Viorst) allow those patients to progress. As a pilot experience, we have been able to use this EMDRIT framework with 64 clients. Their complex disorders included, for each of them, at least 3 of the following symptoms: Anxiety, depression, primary structural dissociation, alcohol addiction, eating behaviour disorders, travel phobia, emotional numbing, affective isolation, hypochondria, phantom limb syndrome, fibromyalgia, cancer, psychological or physical abuse survivor, perpetrator of violent aggressions. For the 25 first clients, we have used the PCL-S (pathology threshold > 44) test. Their pre-treatment average score was 70. It dropped to 28 after EMDRIT treatment, down to 26 after 3 months and stabilised at 29 after 1 year. These first results allowed us to define a target population and an adapted protocol that provides client safety, efficiency and result sustainability. For the 39 next clients, we measured a decrease of the SCL-90-R (pathology threshold > 1,5) test score from 3 before treatment down to 1,4 after treatment, 1,2 after 3 months and 1,3 after 1 year. We measure efficiency on 87% of the clients and a suppression of 80% of the symptoms after 1 year. At the same time, a control cohort of 20 people with identical pathologies saw their score drop from 3 to 2,3 with the same treatment time, using the standard EMDR protocol. From this preliminary result, we are developing some research hypothesis: •Selection criteria for EMDRIT, based on the patient ability accessing Adaptive Memory Networks (AMN). •The Targeting Sequence Plan, seen as an expression of the Dysfunctional Memory Networks (DMN). •The importance of the client emotional Window Of Tolerance (WOT) for the efficiency of the Adaptive Information Processing system. •Epigenetic show possible structural brain modifications by rehabilitation of fluid links across the 3 levels of the brain (reptilian, limbic and neo-cortical). These changes are immediate and permanent. •Need to standardize appropriate scale for database, in order to foster international research and results sharing. We sea AIP model as an opportunity to move from an analytic and sequential approach to a systemic and integrative approach based on Complex System for a global understanding.

Keywords: EMDR Intensive Therapy  EMDRIT  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

85. Rouanzoin, C. (2006, September). EMDR Master Series – II. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Dissociation is a normal human process. We all dissociate. Some individuals are so severely and chronically traumatized that, in order to survive, they split their awareness into at least two levels or streams of consciousness - one level being the participant in the abuse drama and the other level being an observer watching as if the abuse was happening to someone close. This defense mechanism, which allows severely abused individuals to survive, can become an obstacle to the reprocessing of their traumatic memories. This presentation will discuss dissociative process from the Accelerated Informational Processing Model of EMDR. It will cover: the implications and complications of clinical treatment with dissociative process; the nature of dissociative process; screening for dissociation and the 'Red Flags' of treatment concerns; the differential diagnoses of dissociation - from dissociation found in diagnostic categories other than Dissociative Disorders (e.g., Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, PTSD) to DDNOS (ego states work) and DID; the use of EMDR in the treatment of dissociation in relation to trauma; therapist attributes that help contribute to the successful treatment of dissociative patients. Participants will be encouraged to share their own insights and difficulties in working with this very traumatized population of individuals.

Keywords: Accelerated Information Processing Model  AIP  DID  Dissociation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

86. Silver, S. M., & Rogers, S. (2007, September). EMDR on the firing line: Working with war and terrorism survivors. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A great deal of the history of EMDR involves its use with war and terrorism survivors. In recent years, that use has included the newest generation of American veterans from the War on Terror. In the face of steadily increasing numbers of people with trauma reactions, many therapists are reporting that they are seeing more veterans seeking help outside the traditional venues, such as the Veterans Administration. This presentation will focus on what has been learned, why it is important for clinicians to be aware of the needs of this population, and the sometimes unique demands such work places on clinicians.

Keywords: Survivors  Terrorism  War  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

87. de Roos, C., & Veenstra, S. (2009). EMDR pain control for current pain. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) scripted protocols: Special populations (pp. 537-557). New York: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
It is estimated that approximately 30% of the population world-wide suffer from chronic pain. In this workshop you will learn how to use EMDR in order to treat patients who have specific forms of chronic pain e.g. phantom limb pain, whiplash and chronic differentiation pain. Theoretical information, practical instructions with demonstration videos of illustrative cases and exercises or role-playing to practise yourself will all be utilised. You will be provided with enough information and skills in order to be confident to start treating pain patients in your own clinical practice.
This workshop will provide you with the following information:
•relevant neurobiological information about chronic pain in order to determine whether a specific type of pain can be treated using EMDR
•the empirical status of the application of EMDR on pain and a short review of current research and literature
•how to motivate this difficult patient group to try EMDR
•how to conceptualise a case for EMDR, the indications and contraindications
•how to choose suitable targets with pain patients
•the use of the EMDR protocol in its specific application to pain patients and how to work with pain itself as a target
•complications you can expect and how to deal with these.
Aims:
•identify clients with chronic pain for whom EMDR may be appropriate
•increase knowledge and understanding of the use of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain
•apply EMDR in the treatment of patients with chronic pain.
Target group:
EMDR trained therapists working with patients with chronic pain.

Keywords: Current Pain  Pain Control  Protocol  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

88. Sadatun, T. I. (2008, June). EMDR therapy for tsunami & armed conflicts survivors in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Indonesian Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darusalam (NAD) is a region which is facing a unique set of problems, among which is the protracted internal conflict, exacerbated by the tsunami on December 26, 2004. These events have generated a widespread impact on the lives of the communities. One of the most crucial issues to be addressed aside from legal, security, social and economic problems is the matter of health, including mental health. In regards to mental health issues, comprehensive steps have been formulated into various mental health care programs. One of the most needed programs is establishment of an educational system rooted in Indonesia for the treatment of the posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) of victims of crises and catastrophes through the implementation of specific methods of treatment with a focus on the introduction of EMDR. With great support from BMZ- TDH-Germany, HAP-Germany and Trauma Aid, capacity building on EMDR training has been developed. Even though EMDR is highly effective as trauma healing therapy it is also a complex treatment to be addressed in this specific population like in the province of NAD. Further than time constrain, limited numbers of trauma therapist available and high numbers of severe cases that urgently need to be treated, complexities also arises from cultural and religious aspects. The society in NAD is marked by decade long isolation, violent conflicts for political self-determination and the strict interpretation of the Islam. The Sharia (doctrine of the Islam including moral and judicial duties) was introduced as part of the laws. Due to this condition, for the time being stabilization technique in EMDR is the most common technique that can be of widely used. In this presentation, varieties of stabilization technique that have been used in this population will be addressed. More specifically, as culturally adjustable method in therapy, this presentation will also introduce several culturally acceptable stabilization techniques such as combining religious rituals (chanting, reciting) as personal resource with stabilization technique. These techniques might be useful for other population with similar culture and religion.

Keywords: Armed Conflicts  Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia  Poster  Survivors  Tsunami  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

89. Greenwald, R., Ricci, R. J., Clayton, C. A., Lebeau, T., Farkas, L., Cyr, M., & Lemay, J. (2007, September). EMDR treatment for sex offenders, substance abusers, and youth in care. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This symposium presents data from treatment studies of (1) sex offenders, (2) mentally ill substance abusers, and (3) acting-out youth in care. These populations have in common low affect tolerance, severe problem behaviors, and involvement in “the system”. Each treatment used a population-specific phase model approach including motivational interviewing, skills training, and trauma resolution (EMDR). This trauma-informed phase treatment approach appears to represent an advance in helping these treatment-resistant populations. Discussion will focus on the relationship between the client characteristics and treatment approaches in common across studies.

Keywords: Sex Offenders  Substance Abusers  Symposium  Youth  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

90. Mevissen, L., Lievegoed, R., & de Jongh, A. (2010, March). EMDR treatment in people with mild ID and PTSD: 4 cases. Psychiatric Quarterly, 82(1), 43-57. doi:10.1007/s11126-010-9147-x.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Although there is evidence to suggest that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are likely to be more susceptible to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than persons in the general population, until now only eight case reports on the treatment of people with ID suffering from PTSD symptoms have been published. In an effort to enrich the literature on this subject, the aim was to investigate the applicability of an evidence-based treatment for PTSD (i.e., EMDR) in four people with mild ID, suffering from PTSD following various kinds of trauma. In all cases PTSD symptoms decreased and the gains were maintained at 3 months to 2.5 year follow-up. In addition, depressive symptoms and physical complaints subsided, and social and adaptive skills improved. It is concluded that clients' improvements converge to suggest the applicability of EMDR in people with mild ID. Difficulties involved in arriving at an accurate PTSD diagnosis in ID clients are discussed.

Keywords: ID  Intellectual Disabilities  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

91. Konuk, A. (2010, June). EMDR treatment of chronic daily headache and migraine. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chronic headache is a prevalent clinical problem which affects negatively the majority of the population. The most common type of headache is migraine and tension headache. These can decrease the functioning and the quality of life of people who suffer from headaches in different contexts as work, family, school and social life. In addition, a lot of psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety are seen or occur in people who have headaches. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) on Chronic Daily Headache and Migraine. Within this framework there are three goals, one of which is to measure the efficiency of EMDR treatment on chronic headache population. The second one is to develop an EMDR Headache Protocol so that the treatment is standardized and will be used, revised and updated by researchers and clinicians in the future. The third one IS to find an answer to the question: How long does it take to treat a headache? That is, to determine the minimum and maximum sessions necessary for the treatment. Method: The study is carried out at Gaziosmanpa,sa Hospital Neurology Department in Istanbul with 11 Turkish patients who had suffered from chronic daily headache and migraine. The sample of this study consisted of 9 women and 2 males. Results: The results demonstrated that the frequency, the intensity and the duration of headaches were reduced by using EMDR Also it was shown that the number of emergency visits and the amount of painkillers used were decreased. The study will be explained in more detail and the results will be discussed during the presentation. Our learning objectives are: 1. to gain theoretical information about the rationale of using EMDR in treatment of chronic headache and migraine 2. to gain empirical information about the efficacy of this treatment and 3. to discuss the EMDR Headache Protocol as well as the number of sessions necessary for the treatment. In previous studies, EMDR has been found to be efficient in the treatment of chronic pain. Nevertheless, there was a gap in the literature regarding the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of chronic daily headache and migraine. The novelties that are provided by this current study are 1. It may be an alternative treatment for chronic headache and migraine in the future 2. although the research question needs further investigation, it is the first empirical study which examines the effectiveness of this treatment.

Keywords: Headache  Medical Issues  Migraine  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

92. Konuk, E., & Epozdemir, H. (2011, June). EMDR treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The prevalence of chronic migraine headache in western societies ranges between 12-24% for women and 5-12% for men. In Turkey, about 21% of women and 11% of men suffer from migraine. It is one of the most disabling problems that a person can have. Pharmacological treatment and behavioral interventions are the most widely used approaches for migraine. The term ‘chronic’ implies that the problem is not solvable. In this case it means that although pharmacological treatments and behavioral interventions meaningfully reduce the pain for some of the patients, there remains a population of headache sufferers who get large amounts of medicine, have to go to the emergency room frequently because of too much pain prolonged over many hours and at times days. Furthermore, some medications have moderate to severe adverse effects or contraindicate with clients’ existing conditions. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that was developed to reduce or eliminate the symptoms resulting from unresolved traumatic memories. Recently EMDR treatment has provided promising results in alleviating chronic pain and increasing sufferers’ psychological wellbeing. Research pointing out the neurobiological similarities found in patients who suffers PTSD and chronic pain, encouraged many clinician and researcher to explore the utilization of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. We developed the EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in order to obtain and maintain a high level of treatment fidelity and stick to scientific rigor and as a guide for future research. In collaboration with a public hospital in Turkey, we conducted a pilot study with chronic migraine patients diagnosed also as having chronic daily headache. The study continues with an enlarged sample and the present analyses revealed that there was a significant decrease in the frequency, the duration and the strength of the headaches of patients treated with the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol. Besides, the number of the Emergency Care visits and the amount of medication taken were also decreased significantly in patients treated with EMDR. Learning objectives: The major aim of this workshop, is to present to the participants, how to use The EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol in the treatment of patients diagnosed as having both Chronic Migraine and Chronic Daily Headache (CDH). Participants will gain detailed information about how to use EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in emergency cases too. There will be DVD recordings of sessions demonstrating how to intervene a migraine attack during a session and also how the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol is used for the treatment of chronic migraine headache.

Keywords: Headache  Migraine  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

93. Konuk, E., Epozdemir, H., & Haciomeroglu, S. (2012, June). EMDR treatment of migraine and chronic daily headache [Tratamiento de migrañas y cefalea diaria y crónica con EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The prevalence of chronic migraine headache in western societies ranges between 12-­‐24% for women and 5-­‐12% for men. In Turkey, about 21% of women and 11% of men suffer from migraine. It is one of the most disabling problems that a person can have. Pharmacological treatment and behavioral interventions are the most widely used approaches for migraine. The term ‘chronic’ implies that the problem is not solvable. In this case it means that although pharmacological treatments and behavioral interventions meaningfully reduce the pain for some of the patients, there remains a population of headache sufferers who get large amounts of medicine, have to go to the emergency room frequently because of too much pain prolonged over many hours and at times days. Furthermore, some medications have moderate to severe adverse effects or contraindicate with clients’ existing conditions. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that was developed to reduce or eliminate the symptoms resulting from unresolved traumatic memories. Recently EMDR treatment has provided promising results in alleviating chronic pain and increasing sufferers’ psychological wellbeing. Research pointing out the neurobiological similarities found in patients who suffers PTSD and chronic pain, encouraged many clinician and researcher to explore the utilization of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. We developed the EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in order to obtain and maintain a high level of treatment fidelity and stick to scientific rigor and as a guide for future research. In collaboration with a public hospital in Turkey, we conducted a pilot study with chronic migraine patients diagnosed also as having chronic daily headache. The study continues with an enlarged sample and the present analyses revealed that there was a significant decrease in the frequency, the duration and the strength of the headaches of patients treated with the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol. Besides, the number of the Emergency Care visits and the amount of medication taken were also decreased significantly in patients treated with EMDR. The major aim of this workshop, is to present to the participants, how to use The EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol in the treatment of patients diagnosed as having both Chronic Migraine and Chronic Daily Headache (CDH). Participants will gain detailed information about how to use EMDR Chronic Migraine Headache Protocol in emergency cases too. There will be DVD recordings of sessions demonstrating how to intervene a migraine attack during a session and also how the EMDR Chronic Headache Protocol is used for the treatment of chronic migraine headache. The assessment tools used for the project will be given to participants as hand outs

La prevalencia de migraña crónica en las sociedades occidentales oscila entre el 12-­‐24% entre las mujeres y el 5-­‐12% en los hombres. En Turquía, alrededor del 21% de las mujeres y 11% de los hombres sufren jaquecas. Es una de las dolencias más discapacitantes que se pueda tener. Los tratamientos más habituales para tratar las migrañas son de tipo farmacológico e intervenciones conductuales. El término ‘crónico’ implica que el problema no tiene solución. En este caso, significa que aunque los tratamientos farmacológicos y conductuales reducen el dolor significativamente en algunos pacientes, sigue habiendo una población de individuos que sufren cefaleas y que reciben grandes cantidades de medicamentos, que tienen que acudir a urgencias con frecuencia debido a que sufren demasiado dolor que se prolonga durante muchas horas y, en ocasiones, días. Es más, algunos fármacos tienen efectos secundarios entre moderados y graves o cuyas contraindicaciones incluyen afecciones que padecen los clientes. La desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares (EMDR) supone un planteamiento psicoterapéutico integral desarrollado para reducir o eliminar los síntomas que son consecuencia de recuerdos traumáticos sin resolver. Hace poco, se ha visto que el tratamiento con EMDR ha logrado resultados prometedores en el alivio del dolor crónico y que aumenta el bienestar psicológico de las personas afectadas. Las investigaciones que señalan las similitudes neurobiológicas detectadas entre los pacientes que sufren TEPT y los que padecen el dolor crónico han animado a muchos clínicos e investigadores a explorar el empleo de EMDR en el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Hemos desarrollado el protocolo de EMDR para tratar la migraña crónica para conseguir y mantener un alto nivel de fidelidad terapéutico y para mantener el rigor científico, además de para que sirva para orientar la investigación en el futuro. En colaboración con un hospital público en Turquía, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio piloto en pacientes con un diagnóstico de migraña crónica diaria. El estudio sigue en curso con una muestra ampliada y los análisis actuales han mostrado que ha habido una disminución significativa en la frecuencia, duración e intensidad de las cefaleas de los pacientes tratados con el protocolo de EMDR para tratar la cefalea crónica. Es más, el número de visitas a urgencias y la cantidad de fármacos administrados también se redujo de forma significativa en los pacientes tratados con EMDR.

Keywords: Headaches  Migraines  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

94. ter Heide, F. J. J. (2011). EMDR versus stabilisaite: Resulten van een pilot studie [Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) versus stabilisation in the outpatient treatment of traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: A randomised controlled trial]. Refereer Centrum '45, Oegstgeest, the Nederlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Publication

Abstract:
Despite the scientific evidence concerning the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD, in clinical practice many clinicians are reluctant to apply EMDR to traumatised asylum seekers and refugees. Because they regard the traumatisation of this population as too complex, and for fear of psychological decompensation, they tend to avoid confrontation with traumatic memories and stick to stabilisation techniques. This research project focuses on the efficacy of EMDR versus stabilisation in traumatised asylum seekers and refugees. The aim is to improve the treatment of this target group. (Doctoral research project of Jackie June ter Heijde, clinical psychologist, with the cooperation of Dr Trudy Mooren, Dr Jeroen Knipscheer and Prof. Dr Rolf Kleber)

Keywords: Asylum Seekers  Randomized Control Trial  Outpatient Treatment  RCT  Refugees  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

95. ter Heide, J. J. (2008, June). EMDR versus stabilisation in the treatment of traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: Preliminary results of a pilot RCT. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Conference, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Despite the high prevalence of PTSD in refugee populations, it is as yet unclear how to treat traumatised refugees and asylum seekers most effectively. Whilst EMDR is a treatment of choice for PTSD, it is considered good clinical practice to use a phased model of intervention with these patients. In this model, a stabilisation phase precedes EMDR. Many clinicians are reluctant to try EMDR with this population for fear of psychological decompensation. They tend to stick to stabilisation techniques. Centrum ’45 in the Netherlands is a national centre for mental health care, specialising in the treatment of victims of war and organised violence. In order to optimise the mental health care offered, the centre is conducting a pilot RCT to see which is more effective in the treatment of traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: eight sessions of EMDR or eight sessions of stabilisation. The study population consists of 20 adult patients who applied for treatment and who met the DSM-IV criteria of PTSD, excluding those who are suicidal, psychotic, (hypo) manic or who suffer from substance abuse or eating disorders. Patients are screened for participation using the SCID module PTSD and part of the MINI. Symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety, and quality of life are assessed at pre- and post-treatment and follow-up, using the HTQ, HSCL-25 and the WHOQOL-BREF. The pilot study is due to finish in October 2008. In this poster presentation, we present preliminary findings, including data from the pre- and post-treatment assessments.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers  Poster  Refugees  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

96. ter Heide, F. J. J., Mooren, T. M., Kleijn, W., de Jongh, A., & Kleber, R. J. (2011, August). EMDR versus stabilisation in traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: Results of a pilot study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2, 5881. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.5881.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Traumatised asylum seekers and refugees are clinically considered a complex population. Discussion exists on whether with this population treatment guidelines for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should be followed and Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) or Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) should be applied, or whether a phased model starting with stabilisation is preferable. Some clinicians fear that trauma-focused interventions may lead to unmanageable distress or may be ineffective. While cognitive-behavioural interventions have been found to be effective with traumatised refugees, no studies concerning the efficacy of EMDR with this population have been conducted as yet. Objective: In preparation for a randomised trial comparing EMDR and stabilisation with traumatised refugees, a pilot study with 20 participants was conducted. The objective was to examine feasibility of participation in a randomised trial for this complex population and to examine acceptability and preliminary efficacy of EMDR. Design: Participants were randomly allocated to 11 sessions of either EMDR or stabilisation. Symptoms of PTSD (SCID-I, HTQ), depression and anxiety (HSCL-25), and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were assessed at pre- and post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Results: Participation of traumatised refugees in the study was found feasible, although issues associated with complex traumatisation led to a high pre-treatment attrition and challenges in assessments. Acceptability of EMDR was found equal to that of stabilisation with a high drop-out for both conditions. No participants dropped out of the EMDR condition because of unmanageable distress. While improvement for EMDR participants was small, EMDR was found to be no less efficacious than stabilisation. Different symptom courses between the two conditions, with EMDR showing some improvement and stabilisation showing some deterioration between pre-treatment and post-treatment, justify the conduct of a full trial. Conclusion: With some adaptations in study design, inclusion of a greater sample is justifiable to determine which treatment is more suitable for this complex population.

Keywords: Asylum Seekers  Refugees  Posttraumatic Stress Disoder  PTSD  TF-CBT  Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

97. Beer, R., & de Roos, C. (2008, April). EMDR with chronologically traumatized children and adolescents. Workshop presentation at the 1st Bi-annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this workshop important aspects of the treatment, with EMDR as the main approach, of chronically traumatized children and adolescents will be discussed. What are the necessary conditions to be present or to be created in the preparatory phase of treatment? How much and what kind of stabilization is needed as the bottom line before trauma processing by EMDR can be initiated? An overview of empirical studies on treatment effects with this specific population will be discussed. Using video fragments, we will clarify how EMDR can be embedded in multifaceted treatment programs in different treatment settings. The question will be dealt with how parents can (not) be involved in order to reach optimal treatment outcome. Learning objectives: 1. Enhance knowledge and understanding of the benefit of EMDR in the treatment of chronically traumatized children and adolescents 2. Enhance knowledge for identification of children and adolescents for whom EMDR may be appropriate. 3. Enhance understanding of the role for parents in the EMDR treatment with these clients.

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

98. Seubert, A. (2005). EMDR with clients with mental disability. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 293-311). New York: W W Norton & Co.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Until recent times those with the dual diagnosis of mental retardation and mental health issues were deemed inappropriate candidates for counseling or psychotherapy. Dysfunctional behaviors and emotional displays generated by mood disorders, grief, or trauma were often written off as part of the mental disability, in what has come to be known as diagnostic overshadowing. Time, experience, and compassion have changed this. Counseling and psychotherapy have been shown to be "feasible and successful" with this population. Most effective are approaches that utilize and integrate concrete, experiential, and behavioral aspects of the treatment. The task and responsibility of the therapist is to follow the client's internal and interpersonal process as it reveals itself and find the ways, means, and language to facilitate this organic movement toward well-being. [Text, p. 293] [Pilots]

Keywords: Mentally Retarded  Psychotherapeutic Processes  Stressors  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

99. Hughes, J. H. (2006, March). EMDR with combat veterans. Presentation at the 4th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a useful tool in the clinical armarnentarium for the treatment of posttraumatic stress reactions in service personnel who have been involved in armed conflict. Some of the issues involved in working with this client group will be discussed and illustrated, where appropriate, with case material. Outcome measures of the successful use of EMDR with this population will be presented.

Keywords: Combat Veterans  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

100. Glenn, S. (2011, March). EMDR with deaf clients. Symposium conducted at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will outline the utilisation of EMDR with deaf clients exploring the challenges it presents for clinicians whilst exploring the potential for EMDR. Through the use of case examples this session will outline the ways in which EMDR needs to be adapted for this population Many clinicians struggle with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with d/Deaf clients due to some of the abstract ideas used and the heavy reliance on spoken language. Many people, both hearing and deaf find it difficult to think about thinking, and develop levels of insight into their emotions and behaviours simply by talking about them. Deaf people experience trauma and abuse at a much higher rate than hearing people, but there are few established therapies to help them. As Deaf people do not pick up all of the auditory stimuli it is likely that the trauma or difficult experiences that bring them to therapy may have been stored visually or kinaesthetically rather than linguistically. Trauma may also be caused by smaller events due to lack of information available to them. EMDR is an evidence based therapy that attempts to resolve emotional reactions to traumatic memories and their triggers. It does this through a combination of physical stimulation and the recollection and discussion of memories. As such, it seems ideally suited for use with people who are Deaf and have experienced trauma in their past. I describe how EMDR lends itself for successful use with Deaf clients and their families, giving two brief case examples where I used EMDR with Deaf children in British Sign Language.

Keywords: Children  Deafness  Hearing Impairment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

101. Murray, K. (2012). EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(4), 187-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.4.1.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
“Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’ day-today practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are followed with a comprehensive discussion.

Keywords: Bridging Research  Grief  Mourning  Practice  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

102. Seubert, A. & McDonagh, J. M. (2002, June). EMDR with mentally handicapped clients (MH/MR diagnosis. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: Only within the past few decades has the use of counseling and psychotherapy for this much neglected population been validated and explored. Given the non-verbal and "right-brain" characteristics of EMDR, it seems there would be a natural fit between the needs of this population and the way in which EMDR works. Case studies will demonstrate successful use of EMDR with dually diagnosed (MH/MR)clients as well as ways in which the standard protocol may need to be adapted for this work. Theoretical speculation regarding EMDR's effectiveness with mentally impaired clients will be explored.

Keywords: Mental Retardation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

103. Bisping, V. (2011, June). EMDR with patients with dentophobia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
An appointment at the dentist’s is not what most people look forward to. For some people, however, even the mere thought of having to undergo dental treatment causes them to feel extreme fear and panic. Between 5 and 15% of the world population suffer from such a pathological form of dental fear, called dental phobia. Dentally anxious individuals commonly avoid necessary dental procedures for many years despite deteriorating oral health, agonizing pain and severe psychosocial problems. The majority of individuals with dental phobia recall a traumatic event as cause for the onset of their fear. Interestingly, nearly 50% of them even suffer from posttraumatic stress symptoms, such as intrusive memories, nightmares, hyperarousal and avoidance behavior. EMDR can be a very useful instrument to help dentally anxious people to cope with past traumatic experiences and to prepare them for future confrontations with phobic stimuli. The 90-minute workshop will give background information to the problem of pathological dental fear and present evidence from research showing that EMDR is an effective treatment method for dentophobia. The main focus will be on the practical procedure, which will be illustrated using video sequences of patient sessions. Learning objectives: This workshop will provide you with the following information: •a short review of current research and literature •the use of the EMDR protocol in its specific application to dentally anxious patients, with special emphasis on preparing the patient for future confrontations by working with flashforwards, future template and video check •ways of combining EMDR with other cognitive, behavioral and imagery techniques in the treatment of dental phobia.

Keywords: Dentophobia  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

104. Romain, L. B.-S. (2013). EMDR with recurrent “flash-forwards“: Reflections on Engelhard et al.'s 2011 study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 106-111. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.106.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
“Translating Research Into Practice“ is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of the study, followed by the clinician's description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists' day-to-day practices. In this issue's column, Lisa Bellecci-St. Romain references Engelhard et al.'s (2011) study examining the impact of eye movements on recurrent, intrusive visual images about potential future catastrophes-“flash-forwards.“ Illustrating the findings by Engelhard et al., Bellecci-St. Romain describes the successful use of the EMDR standard protocol in two cases-a woman fearful of returning to work even after past memories are cleared and a young man in early sobriety whose reprocessing of the past is interrupted by concerns of an imminent court appearance. The case examples are followed with a discussion of the importance of recognizing and targeting flash-forwards as present triggers in the three-pronged EMDR standard protocol.

Keywords: Bridging Research and Practice  Eye Movements  Flash-Forward  Intrusive Images  

Accuracy Verified: No

105. Cooper, A. (1995, June). EMDR with victims of trauma:  Protecting your client, protecting yourself. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is an innovative and rapidly expanding new, treatment technique. Therapists are provided with two weekends of intensive training and encouraged to obtain supervision and be active in peer consultation groups and networks, and work to refine their skills. It is uncertain what percentage follow through in this regard. Estimates of the numbers of people who are victims of sexual trauma in our society are staggering (one in 3 girls, one in seven boys). Research finds that approximately half the people who present for psychotherapy have some sexual trauma in their history. EMDR has been hailed as an important new technique in facilitating the treatment of those who have been sexually traumatized. With correct usage, EMDR can greatly facilitate the treatment. At the same time, sexual trauma is a complex and volatile issue and awkward, poorly timed, or overly simplistic usage of EMDR could potentially lead to adverse consequences for the patient and treatment. As with any therapeutic technique or paradigm it can only be as helpful as that of the overall treatment. In addition the mere usage of EMDR will have an impact on the therapy, as well as the therapeutic container, and therapists need to be cognizant of what that impact will be as well as to be sure that they know how to incorporate the patient reactions into the treatment in a positive way and not allow them to undermine, or otherwise detrimentally effect both patient and therapist primary therapy goals. Particularly in these times of increased litigation, malpractice suits, and professional grievances against therapists those professionals utilizing EMDR would be wise to be aware of the particular risks inherent in the patient population in which they work, as well as the inherent vulnerability of utilizing a newly developed technique. In treating sexual trauma many experts agree that the crucible of the therapeutic container- is whether the healing will occur if the therapist sucessfully deals with the challenges the patient will offer lip. Again how those utilizing EMDR negotiates those challenges may be he difference between a successful course of therapy and a disaster. Finally, working with sexual trauma is an emotionally, intellectually, and sometimes physically demanding undertaking. Many therapists do not fully realize or acknowledge the toll that this type of work exacts and may be blind to the countertransferentia1 responses which arise and how they are communicated to the patient. In this workshop we will first reveal, some of the current thinking on the primary treatment issues (and obstacles) in therapy with victims of sexual trauma. We will then examine how and when is the most propitious time to use EMDR with this population and what reactions patients are likely to have to this type of intervention. Specific ways that EMDR and its implementation may activate certain issues in sexual trauma victims be elucidated as well as strategies for addressing those issues. Finally participants will engage in a series of experiential exercises designed to heighten their awareness of their own personal reactions and feelings (i.e., countertransference) to working with the intensity of sexual trauma. Once again these potential reactions will be linked to more or less effective usage of EMDR.

Keywords: Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

106. Solomon, E. P., Solomon, R. M., & Heide, K. M. (2009, October). EMDR: An evidence-based treatment for victims of trauma. Victims & Offenders, 4(4), 391 - 397. doi:10.1080/15564880903227495.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
More than half of the United States population has been affected by psychological trauma. Many individuals who survive traumatic experiences develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related psychological problems. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for such disorders. EMDR focuses on reprocessing the dysfunctionally stored memories of the traumatic experience, enabling the client to progress through appropriate stages of affect and insight to reach an adaptive resolution regarding critical issues such as personal responsibility, safety in the present, and the availability of choices in the future. This article describes EMDR, discusses studies of its effectiveness, and concludes with recommendations for trauma-related policy and practice.

Keywords: Child Abuse  Crime Victims  Evidence-Based Treatment  Postraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Trauma  Traumatic Stress  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

107. Pacheco, J. Q. (2010, Febrero-Marzo). EMDR: Tratamiento de la fobia social [EMDR: Treatment of social phobia]. Communicacion presentada en: 11º Congreso Virtual de Psiquiatría, Trujillo, Peru, Interpsiquis 2010. Psiquiatria.com..

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Social phobia is one of the most common diseases in the general population, according to American Psychiatric Association (2000) cited by Olivares-Rodríguez (2006) (1) shows a prevalence ranges from 1% to 15.6% in Europe, being higher in women than in men (Olivares, J., 2003) (2), has its onset most frequently in middle adolescence (Olivares-Olivares and Other, 2007) (3) in these patients presenting symptoms associated with other disorders anxiety, depression and substance abuse such as alcohol or other legal and illegal drugs (Olivares, J., 2003) (2), constituting a serious public health problem or suffering ever had in your life for 9.5% of the population (Olivares, J., 2003) (2)

Social phobia is one of the most common diseases in the general population, according to American Psychiatric Association (2000) cited by Olivares-Rodríguez (2006) (1) shows a prevalence ranges from 1% to 15.6% in Europe, being higher in women than in men (Olivares, J., 2003) (2), has its onset most frequently in middle adolescence (Olivares-Olivares and Other, 2007) (3) in these patients presenting symptoms associated with other disorders anxiety, depression and substance abuse such as alcohol or other legal and illegal drugs (Olivares, J., 2003) (2), constituting a serious public health problem or suffering ever had in your life for 9.5% of the population (Olivares, J., 2003) (2)

Keywords: Social Phobia  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

108. Moskovitz, R. A. (2001, March). EMDR:  A paradigm for continuity of experience in the real world. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(1), 6.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
EMDR has become an important tool for treating the trauma that so frequently characterizes the personal histories of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). This patient population presents extraordinary risks in the face of treatment techniques that evoke powerful emotions. When applied judiciously, however, EMDR can bring extraordinary benefits to these same patients.

Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

109. Rosenthal, D., & Little, K. (1999, June). EMDR:  PTSD application case studies in a state inpatient forensic facility. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participant will be able: 1) describe the application of various test instruments in the appraisal of clinical EMDR response in a correctional inpatient population; 2) desribe at least two variations in EMDR treatment as applied to an inpatient correctional population; and 3) describe at least two clinical and ethical issues in the PSTD treatment of an offender-patient with concurrent psychosis.

Keywords: Correctional Population  Inpatient  Forensic  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

110. Montgomery, R. W. (1993). An empirical investigation of eye movement desensitization. Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA. AAT 9409413.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Recently, a series of studies have presented a highly unorthodox procedure, Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), which involved the repeated exposure of a subject to their own disturbing memories while generating a series of saccadic eye movements. These reports are largely clinical case reports, therefore the technique has not been empirically validated. The current investigation determined if the simple saccadic eye movements (rhythmically tracking a stimulus) in conjunction with the repeated exposure decreased the intensity of disturbing memories experienced in PTSD or whether such decreases could be obtained through repeated exposure alone. Subject's self-reports and physiological information regarding the discomfort experienced during their disturbing memories were recorded prior to, during, and following treatment. Diagnostic procedures including a structured clinical interview were utilized in making diagnoses.A series of three multiple baseline across subjects single-case experimental designs were utilized. Results indicate that rates of distress were uniformly high during the intake/baseline. The initial control treatment condition, Shapiro's EMD treatment package minus the saccadic eye movements, was ineffective in altering these high levels of distress. Treatment of these 6 patients with the EMD protocol resulted in 5 of the 6 subjects showing clinically significant decreases in their self-reported levels of distress around their intrusive disturbing memories. Physiological data also reflected greater positive change during the EMD treatment for each subject. Overall, the EMD treatment protocol resulted in over a 70% decrease in self-reported distress across the 6 subjects investigated. This investigation of the use of EMD with non-combat PTSD subjects reflects the first investigation of EMD with this population utilizing single-case experimental methodology. The results were clear and dramatic. The treatment was effective with 5 of the 6 subjects and for that subject who reported no positive changes issues of secondary gain for continued disability were salient. Overall, this report represents an attempt to investigate EMD with a PTSD population utilizing a systematically replicated multiple baseline across subjects design. Further investigation, particularly focusing on treatment package dismantling, is therefore called for with EMD. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Trial  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

111. ter Heide, J. J., Mooren, T., & Kleber, R. (2009, November). Evidence-based vs. good practice: The treatment of traumatized refugees with EMDR. In M. Olff, J. J. Ter Heide, M. J. Nijdam, & S. Guay (Chairs), Advances in evidence-based treatment for PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 25th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Despite the scientific evidence concerning the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD, in clinical practice many clinicians are reluctant to apply EMDR to traumatized asylum seekers and refugees. Because they regard the traumatization of this population as too complex, and for fear of psychological decompensation, they tend to avoid confrontation with traumatic memories and stick to stabilization techniques. In a pilot study with 20 traumatized asylum seekers and refugees, we tested the hypothesis that, in accordance with treatment guidelines, EMDR would be more effective than stabilization in asylum seekers and refugees. Adult asylum seekers and refugees who applied for treatment at Centrum ’45, a Dutch national centre for psychological treatment of victims of war and organized violence, were randomly allocated to either 11 sessions of EMDR or 11 sessions of stabilization. PTSD and comorbid symptomatology and quality of life were assessed at pre- and post-treatment and three-month follow-up. In this presentation, the results of this pilot RCT will be discussed. Significant differences favouring EMDR over stabilization were found. Despite several drawbacks including a high drop-out and limited clinical improvement, study design seems feasible with this population.

Keywords: Evidence-Based  Good Practice  Refugees  Symposium  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

112. Mevissen-Renckens, L., & Lievegoed, R. (2009). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) A treatment method for trauma-related psychiatric disorders and psycho-social problems related to negative life events. Presentation at the 7th European Congress of Mental Health in Intellectual Disability, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In the last two decades there is an increasing number of studies on the effects of trauma and life events in people with Intellectual Disabilities (ID). Behavioural problems and depressive symptoms are frequently reported. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a specifi c trauma-related anxiety disorder with high prevalence rates in the normal population and with disruptive effects on the patient’s everyday life. As in children, behavioural problems are supposed to be a common feature in people with ID who have been exposed to traumatic life events.
In regard to the general vulnerability of people with ID, PTSD is supposed to be considerably under diagnosed and under treated in this population. In the normal population Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) are evidence based treatment methods for PTSD. Because of its highly nonverbal character EMDR seems to be a suitable treatment method for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
In this workshop the focus is on
• the recognition of symptoms related to psycho trauma or to sequences of negative life experiences, illustrated by a variety of case studies on people with ID.
• EMDR treatment in children and adults with a mild, moderate or severe ID, illustrated by video presentations. The participants get opportunities to experience some working mechanisms of EMDR by supervised practicing.

Keywords: Negative Life Events  Psychiatric Disorders  Psycho-Social Problems  

Accuracy Verified: No

113. Brown, S. H., Stowasser, J. E., & Shapiro, F. (2011). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR): Mental health-substance use. In D. B. Cooper (Ed.), Intervention in Mental Health-Substance Use (pp. 165-193) United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd .

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Substance use disorders remain a persistent social and medical problem. According to a recent report,1 addiction is the number one health problem in the United States. The report notes that when one considers the direct costs of drug-induced health problems, deaths due to accidents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or drug-related acts of violent crime, there are ‘more deaths, illnesses and disabilities from substance abuse than from any other preventable health condition’.1 Most experts today agree that substance use disorders are a complex interaction between genetics, environment, and experience. ‘Substance dependence is not a failure of will or of strength of character, but a medical disorder that could affect any human being. Dependence is a chronic and relapsing disorder, often co-occurring with other physical and mental conditions’.2 The question remains - Why has it been that over the course of human history, where people and cultures have had access to alcohol and potent mind-altering substances, that only some become addicted while the rest are able to regulate their use? The drugs that people experiencing substance use disorders select are not chosen randomly, but are a result of an interaction between the psychopharmacologic action of the drug and the dominant painful feelings with which they struggle. Edward Khantzian, observed that opiates are often preferred because of their powerful numbing action on the affects of rage and aggression. Cocaine has its appeal because of its ability to relieve distress associated with depression. Although ill-fated, ‘addicts discover that the short-term effects of their drugs of choice help them cope with distressful subjective states and an external reality otherwise experienced as unmanageable or overwhelming’. Thus emerges a compelling hypothesis, which proposes that people use psychoactive substances in an attempt to control painful symptoms resulting from psychological trauma. This is referred to as ‘self-medication’. Some studies in the United States show that more than 50% of people with mental disorders also suffer from substance dependence compared to 6% of the general population.2 It is from our interest in providing integrated treatment for the complex interaction of genes, environment, trauma, and psychological pain as a driving force behind mental health-substance use disorders, that this chapter is written.

Keywords: Substance Abuse  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

114. Beer, R., & de Roos, C. (2004, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bij kinderen en adolescenten, theorie en empirie [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents. Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence]. Kind en Adolescent, 20(1), 38-53.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Het belang van effectieve behandelingen voor kinderen en adolescenten die lijden aan de gevolgen van traumatische ervaringen wordt versterkt. Een beschrijving van de EMDR-procedure is gevolgd door een bespreking van de voordelen van EMDR vergeleken met een andere behandeling procedures voor deze jonge doelgroep-bevolking. De meest prominente feitelijke hypothesen over de mogelijke verklaringen voor de effecten zijn opgenomen. En de empirische status van EMDR wordt gekenmerkt op basis van gecontroleerde studies van EMDR met volwassenen en kinderen. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, alle rechten voorbehouden)

The importance of effective treatments for children and adolescents suffering from the consequences of traumatic experiences is amplified. A description of the EMDR procedure is followed by a discussion of the advantages of EMDR compared with other treatment procedures for this young target-population. The most prominent actual hypotheses concerning the possible explanations for the effects are listed. And the empirical status of EMDR is characterised on the basis of controlled studies of EMDR with adults and children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

115. Balk, J. L. (2001, Nov 1). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder. Alternative Medicine Alert, 4, 121-124.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a fairly common disorder. Roughly 8-10% of the population will suffer from PTSD at some point in their lives. For victims of violent crimes such as rape, the rate of PTSD may be 60-80%. (1) According to the DSM-IV, diagnostic criteria for PTSD include: 1) perceived or actual threat to life or physical integrity, accompanied by an emotional response of horror, helplessness, or intense fear; 2) re-experience of the trauma (e.g. flashbacks and nightmares); 3) avoidance of trauma-related stimuli and numbing of interest and affect; and 4) increased unwanted arousal, such as concentration difficulties, irritability, and insomnia. Specific criteria exist regarding the numbers of symptoms in each category that must be present.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

116. Soberman, G. B. (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of conduct disorder with preadolescents and adolescents. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 9910218.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was determine the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized adolescents primarily diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD). The effect of exposure to domestic violence and other forms of human initiated violence puts children at risk of developing significant mental health problems including CD and other childhood disorders that can have a profound effect on the community. In order to test the null hypotheses that the EMDR treatment protocol would not lead to any significant reduction in posttraumatic or behavioral symptoms with this population, a repeated measures MANOVA was utilized for four of the five dependent variables. These variables were the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the Child Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the Parent Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms (PROPS), and the Problem Rating Scale (PRS). A simple two-group independent t-test analysis was used to analyze the fifth independent variable (reward points) and the 2-month follow-up data. All of the 5 null hypotheses were supported by an inferential analysis (MANOVA; t-test) of the dependent variables of this study. EMDR treatment was not found to be statistically significant on any of the dependent variables. Despite these findings, future research should continue to focus on the efficacy of EMDR with childhood trauma. Future research should also continue to focus on the emotional needs of children in residential treatment, the benefits of therapeutic as opposed to punitive intervention with delinquent youths, and the role that EMDR can play in breaking the cycle of violence in our society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(10-B), April 1999, pp. 5587.

Keywords: Adolescents  Conduct Disorder  Emotional Trauma  Empirical Study  Preadolescents  Symptoms  Trauma  Treatment Outcomes  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

117. Gosselin, P. W. (1994). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of test anxiety: A study of the effects of eye movement and expectancy on the procedure's results. University of Massachusetts Amherst. AAT 9420630.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, abbreviated EMDR, is a recently discovered technique acclaimed as a major breakthrough for the reduction of anxiety. Numerous anecdotal studies have been presented showing the efficacy of EMDR. There are currently no published studies investigating use of EMDR specifically for test anxiety. The purpose of this study was to use the EMDR technique to study its efficacy for test anxiety. This study also examined whether or not high and low expectancy conditions significantly affected scores on post-session anxiety ratings. In addition, the procedure was used with and without eye movement to see whether or not eye movement was a critical factor in eliciting positive change in anxiety ratings. A single session of approximately one hour was conducted individually with 41 subjects, college students reporting test anxiety. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions reflecting varying combinations of eye movement and expectancy conditions. A 2 x 2 analysis of variance was conducted for expectancy and eye movement factors on two dependent measures. These measures were Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDs) and the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI). Results of the study show a significantly greater amount of reduction in the SUDs using the eye movement supporting the hypothesis that eye movement is critical to the efficacy of EMDR. No other statistically significant main effects or interactions were found with measuring the SUDs or TAI. However, it should be noted that all groups showed substantial reductions in post-treatment TAI scores. The expectancy conditions presented to subjects also had no measureably significant effects. There was anecdotal support of the power of the eye movement but no significant behavioral changes other than the reduction in SUDs. It was concluded that EMDR is worthy of further study with larger samples of the test anxious population. Further study may want to use EMDR in conjunction with other techniques and for more than one session.

Keywords: Test Anxiety  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

118. Tye, J. A. (2001, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological traumas:  A decade of research in review. United States International University, San Diego, CA. AAT 3006172.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new complex treatment method that incorporates salient aspects of many of the major therapeutic modalities as a treatment for PTSD and other psychological trauma in a civilian population. One of the basic underlying principles is elucidated in the Accelerated Processing Model which posits the ability to access and process dysfunctional perceptions that were stored at the time of the traumatic event. These state-dependent perceptions are considered the primary cause of posttraumatic stress symptomatology.The purpose of this review was to investigate whether the EMDR method is an efficacious treatment for individuals diagnosed with PTSD, as reflected in a critical review of the literature from the initial study conducted in 1989 through 2000. The review included the history and background, development, and research to date of EMDR as a method of treatment for PTSD. A description was provided of the psychometric instruments utilized in the assessment; diagnosis; and measurement of the presence, absence, and level of severity of PTSD symptomatology, as described in the research literature of EMDR. Of special concern was the discrepancy between the diagnostic criteria and the presence, absence, and level of severity of PTSD symptomology as described in the treatment outcomes presented in the literature. Included were criteria for assessment instrument comparison, as well as the current limitations in assessment conformity and methodology which restrict the generalizability and assumptions about the way in which traumatic experiences manifest and influence treatment outcomes. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Empirical Study  Literature Review  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Treatment Effectiveness  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

119. Puffer, M. K. (1995, May). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with children and adolescents experiencing traumatic memories. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 9608112.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This research project evaluated the effectiveness of using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) techniques on children and adolescents (N = 20) between the ages of 7 to 18, who were experiencing anxiety due to traumatic memories. EMDR therapeutic techniques were administered in one 90-minute therapy session to subjects in an experimental group (N = 10) and after a 30-day waiting period, EMDR was administered to subjects in a delayed treatment group (N = 10) to help substantiate the effectiveness of using EMDR with this population. The results of the study indicated a highly significant reduction in anxiety related to traumatic memories in both an experimental group and a delayed treatment group, as measured by the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS), the Impact of Events (IES) scale, and in the delayed treatment group using the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS) after treatment. There was a lack of significance in the reduction of anxiety in the experimental group, as measured by the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS). The results showed a significant difference in cognition, changing from negative to positive thinking, as measured by the Validity of Cognition (VoC) scale. The findings demonstrate that EMDR may help to measure, treat, and enhance the lives of children and adolescents experiencing anxiety from traumatic memories. It is recommended that future research focus on using standardized psychological tests to support the efficacy of using EMDR with children and adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(11-B), May 1996, pp. 6421.

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  Empirical Study  Trauma    

Accuracy Verified: Yes

120. Tootell, E. (2004). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A comprehensive literature review. Argosy University, San Francisco, CA. AAT 3118435.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Since Francine Shapiro's first published paper on EMD therapy in 1989, there has been a tendency toward polarization in EMDR research. Those who tend to believe in the effectiveness of EMDR tend to find results which confirm their point of view. Those who have been very skeptical about the effectiveness of EMDR have tended to produce findings which validated their perspective also. The result of this has been years of back and forth research, without a great deal of moving forward by asking new questions based on previous findings. This literature review involved evaluating all available research on EMDR published in English as of March 1, 2002. Studies were categorized as contributing to knowledge about EMDR in general, or emphasizing specific aspects. Specific aspects were breadth of application, subjectivity of effects, EMDR's effect on intrusive PTSD symptoms, the necessity for eye movements, how EMDR works, if it does, and whether it produces lasting change.Findings included a probable effect from EMDR in treating traumatic memories. It has not been found equally effective in treating other kinds of anxiety or other psychological maladies. Subjectivity is an ongoing issue in EMDR research, yet there are several forms of data indicating an effect in a context in which subjectivity could not have been a significant factor. If EMDR works better for intrusive PTSD symptoms compared to others, the difference is minor. The necessity of eye movements has not been clarified, largely because of the use of alternate forms of bilateral brain stimulation as a control condition when these in fact may promote a similar process. EMDR appears to produce change that is as lasting as any other form of psychotherapy. The main conclusion is that there is a paucity of research including a variety of independent variables. The ongoing battle as to whether EMDR works or not has delayed thorough inquiry into for whom it works, compared to for whom it does not work. It is argued that the field, as well as the clinical population, would be well served if research could move in the direction of rectifying this situation. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(1-B), 2004, pp. 455.

Keywords: Literature Review  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

121. Maxfield, L. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An empirical review of the effectiveness of EMDR as a treatment for PTSD. Traumatology, 5(4), 1-17. doi:10.1177/153476569900500401 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The level of evidence for EMDR is based upon 12 controlled studies that investigated the efficacy of EMDR treatment of participants with PTSD. The 7 civilian studies, with 1 exception, all found EMDR to be efficacious in the treatment of PTSD: EMDR was equivalent to cognitive behavioral therapy, and superior to other control conditions. 4 of the 5 studies with combat veterans addressed only one or two memories in this multiply traumatized population, and their findings were equivocal. The 1 combat veteran study which administered a longer course of treatment provides preliminary evidence that EMDR may be efficacious with that population. EMDR is a rapid treatment and appears to be well tolerated by clients, with effects being maintained at follow-up. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Literature Review  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

122. Edmond, T. E. (1998, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Evaluating its effectiveness in reducing trauma symptoms in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. University of Texas at Austin. AAT 9824929.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate, through the use of a randomized experimental design, the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing trauma symptoms in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. No EMDR research to date has been exclusively comprised of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, a historically difficult treatment population. Additionally, while numerous clinical accounts of treatment with sexual abuse survivors have been published, controlled treatment research has rarely been done. Of the studies found that examine treatment efficacy exclusively with this population, none involved the use of random assignment.A sample of 60 adult female sexual abuse survivors were selected and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) individual EMDR treatment; (2) individual eclectic treatment; or (3) delayed treatment control group. The participating survivors' trauma symptoms were measured in pretests and posttests on standardized as well as subjective instruments that measured anxiety, posttraumatic stress, depression, negative beliefs about the sexual abuse, emotional distress and desired positive self beliefs. The survivors in the study assigned to the experimental or comparison treatment groups received six 90 minute individual sessions of either EMDR or eclectic therapy. The delayed treatment control group subjects were pretested, asked to delay treatment for six weeks, and after being post tested were assigned a therapist with which to work. Data analysis consisted primarily of multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. The posttest results indicated that EMDR was very effective in reducing the targeted trauma symptoms compared to the control group. Eclectic therapy at posttest was also found to be very effective, resulting in a lack of statistically significant differences between the experimental and comparison treatments. However, analysis conducted at the three month follow-up revealed that EMDR was significantly more effective than eclectic therapy at maintaining therapeutic gains. The results of this study suggest that while both EMDR and eclectic therapy, when applied as brief psychotherapy models of treatment for survivors, can produce significant alleviation of trauma symptoms, EMDR may provide more enduring resolution. These findings have important implications for both survivors and the service providers available to them. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 59(2-A), Aug 1998, pp. 0617.

Keywords: Adults  Child Abuse  Empirical Study  Females  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Rape  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

123. Maxfield, L. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A review of the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. Traumatology, 5(4), 1-17. doi:10.1177/153476569900500401.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The level of evidence for EMDR is based upon twelve controlled studies that investigated the efficacy of EMDR treatment of participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The seven civilian studies, with one exception, all found EMDR to be efficacious in the treatment of PTSD: EMDR was equivalent to cognitive behavioral therapy, and superior to other control conditions. Four of the five studies with combat veterans addressed only one or two memories in this multiply traumatized population, and their findings were equivocal. The one combat veteran study which administered a longer course of treatment provides preliminary evidence that EMDR may be efficacious with that population. EMDR is a rapid treatment and appears to be well tolerated by clients, with effects being maintained at follow-up.

Keywords: Review  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

124. Shapiro, F., Vogelmann-Sine, S., & Sine, L. F. (1994, October-December). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treating trauma and substance abuse. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 26(4), 379-391.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a new psychological methodology that has been applied to a wide range of psychological disorders. Clinical reports over the past three years indicate that it is an important addition to the treatment of substance abuse. EMDR offers a structured, client-centered model that integrates key elements of intrapsychic, behavioral, cognitive, body-oriented, and interactional approaches. Treatment effects are quite rapid and, during an individual session, the therapist may witness accelerated processing of information involving a shift of cognitive structures (including the assimilation of positive beliefs) along with the desensitization of attendent traumata. The application of EMDR apparently stimulates an inherent physiological processing system that allows dysfunctional information to be adaptively resolved, resulting in increased insight and more functional behavior. The judicious use of EMDR includes a comprehensive client history and extensive preparation, allowing the client to deal with the high levels of disturbance often engendered by the treatment itself. After the inauguration of a sufficient therapeutic alliance, adequately addressing potential issues of secondary gain, and appropriate client stabilization, EMDR may be used to ameliorate the effects of earlier memories that contribute to the dysfunction, potential relapse triggers, and physical cravings. In addition, EMDR is used to incorporate new coping skills and assist in learning more adaptive behaviors. Other potential targets for reprocessing include treatment noncompliance, ambivalence about abstinence, and present crises. Finally, EMDR should be used on this clinical population only by a trained clinician who is educated and experienced with this problem area. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Drug Abuse  Psychotherapeutic Processes  Stressors  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

125. Welch, K. L. (1996, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treatment of sexual trauma post-traumatic stress disorder and a treatment efficacy hypothesis. Central Michigan University. AAT 9623929.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this investigation was to study the treatment effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on a civilian population of individuals diagnosed with PTSD from sexual trauma. A series of single case designs was utilized with 6 subjects to examine EMDR treatment efficacy. The results suggested that EMDR was effective in reducing distress and related PTSD symptomatology in 1 or 2 sessions of treatment. These treatment gains were maintained at 1 year follow-up. It is suggested that affective arousal may have a critical role in maintaining a number of disorders including PTSD and that EMDR appears to be able to activate as well as desensitize affective mood states so that more adaptive cognitive processing can take place. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 57(3-B), Sep 1996, pp. 2170.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Rape  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  Empirical Study  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

126. Foley, T., & Spates, C. (1995, December). Eye movement desensitization of public-speaking anxiety: A partial dismantling study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26(4), 321-329. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00048-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
40 college students suffering from public speaking anxiety and having experienced a specific traumatic speech-related event were exposed to either a standard EMD protocol with eye movements; a moving audio stimulus in place of the eye movements; a protocol with eyes resting on the hands in place of the eye movement, or a no-treatment control condition. The results revealed that EMD is comparable in limited effectiveness to the other procedures and that the eye movements are not a crucial component of the treatment with this population. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Americans  Anxiety Disorders  College Students  Life Experiences  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

127. Rose, B. K. (2004). Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR): A treatment protocol for addicted inmates with traumatic histories. Carlos Albizu University, Miami, FL. AAT 3102092.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract: S
ubstance Abuse is the use and abuse of mood and mind altering substances often having undesired effects on the lives of those addicted, and having a negative impact on the lives of others. Those addicted may expose themselves and others to physical and psychological harm; may create forensic problems; cause disintegration of the family, and problematic interpersonal relationships. Underlying reasons for addictive behavior include but are not limited to: genetic predisposition, psychosocial involvement, psychobiological complications, developmental conditions, and pre-existing psychological and environmental events. Some deficits found in those addicted include: poor coping skills, inability to problem solve, inability to function in difficult situations, and may use cognitive avoidance as a means of coping with life. The idea that children might be negatively impacted by exposure to substance abuse using parents is not a new revelation. However, the degree of damage done to these children is severe, and more is being learned about the severity of that damage. Children often are enmeshed with their dysfunctional families, and many problems arise involving their inability to maintain intimate relationships with others. Attachment issues may develop in infancy and early stages of maturation, and adversely affect children's ability to function as adults. Abusive pasts and traumatic incidents often may hinder the psychological growth and maturity of those who have experienced trauma and abuse.Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a fairly new concept of treatment. It was first designed to address therapy with those who had been exposed to trauma. However, over the past 22 years since its inception, it has been adapted to treat many other types of Axis I disorders. It has been determined that EMDR is useful in addressing substance abuse and other Axis I diagnoses, especially PTSD. Hiller, Knight, and Simpson completed a study with 161 persons who resided at a residential halfway house for newly released inmates. Their results found: 80% of the sample of had psychological problems; 72% had significant drug abuse problems; 58% had concurrent psychopathology and drug abuse problems. Research indicates prison confinement is increasing, and the idea of therapy in the forensic setting is gaining in popularity. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to design a substance abuse program to address the difficulties of substance abuse treatment for the dual diagnosed clients. The data collected from this program will help provide much needed information in order to further research and increase our understanding of the needs of this underserved population. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Comorbidity  Drug Abuse  Prison Inmates  Psychiatric Disorders  Stressors  Survivors  Therapeutic Community  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

128. Alatalo, G. L. (1994). Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing: A new treatment for trauma. Spalding University, Louisville, KY. AAT 9522299.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been hailed as a new experimental treatment for survivors of trauma that can provide rapid relief from the debilitating symptoms associated with PTSD. EMDR's efficacy reportedly stems from the use of eye-movements that are postulated to stimulate physiological changes in brain activity to produce cognitive restructuring and desensitization of emotional discomfort. This novel procedure has become more prominent with reported benefits for an increasing range of clinical applications. Since there is minimal controlled research, especially in a civilian population, on psychological methods to treat the ill effects of trauma and because EMDR has limited empirical support, further controlled investigation was warranted to supplement this limited body of scientific knowledge.Consequently, the specific goals of this controlled study were to evaluate (1) the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of civilian trauma survivors, (2) whether or not eye-movements are instrumental to the therapeutic process, and (3) the treatment impact on intrusive and avoidant symptoms. It was hypothesized that (1) an EMDR treatment group would demonstrate greater efficacy when compared to an Alternative group which followed the same treatment protocol except for the substitution of deep breathing for the eye-movements, (2) both the EMDR and Alternative treatments would show significant improvement over a Control group, and (3) there would be similar changes in intrusive and avoidant symptoms. Findings at two month follow-up indicated the EMDR group had significant reductions in intrusive/avoidant symptoms (using the Impact of Event Scale), decreased emotional discomfort related to traumatic memories (rated by Subjective Units of Distress), and improvements in positive self-evaluations (measured by the Validity of Cognition Scale). There were similar results in the Alternative group with the exception of no significant improvement in self-evaluation. This latter finding provides some support for the hypothesis that eye-movements facilitate a cognitive restructuring. Comparisons between the EMDR and Alternative treatments, however, found no significant differences on any of the dependent measures. That is, both treatments appeared to produce comparable positive results which implied eye-movements were no more effective than deep breathing. In addition, both treatments were found to be more effective in easing intrusive symptoms. Other similarities included observable relaxation reactions in both treatments. These overall findings imply a similar change mechanism. Therefore, the efficacy of EMDR may stem more from reciprocal inhibition rather than a cognitive restructuring induced by the eye-movements. If this is valid, then EMDR may be a variant of systematic desensitization. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(3-B), Sep 1995, pp. 1690

Keywords: Americans  Avoidance  Cognitive Impairment  Empirical Study  Intrusive Thoughts  Longitudinal Study  Self Concept  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

129. van Rens, L. W., de Weert-van Oene, G. H., van Oosteren, A. A., & Rutten, C. (2012). Gevalsbeschrijving - Klinische behandeling van posttraumatische stressstoornis bij patiënten met ernstige dubbele diagnose [Case Study - Clinical treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with serious dual diagnosis problems]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 54(4), 383-388.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Three patients with severe addiction problems, early sexual trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD comorbid psychotic vulnerability and personality problems received integrated treatment following admission to a clinic specialising in the care of patients with a dual diagnosis. Treatment was administered in accordance with current guidelines and involved either imaginal exposure or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing EMDR, integrated with relapse management of addiction problems. It is concluded that the current evidence-based guidelines regarding PTSD and addiction can also be applied successfully and effectively to an extremely vulnerable patient population.

Keywords: Dual Diagnosis  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

130. Allon, M. (2010, June). Group therapy of women raped in the Congo. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In 2008 i was invited to work and train professionals working with women who had been raped in the wars raging in the Congo. Seeing that there are tens of thousands of women who were raped, I decided to apply a group therapy model using EMDR The Power Point presentation will include videos of the work and the process that was used. In addition the statistical methods and findings of the work will be provided. The workshop will provide further information about the power of EMDR in group settings. The workshop will provide information about how to work with groups and when group work is not an appropriate method of therapy. The workshop will also teach what tools to use prior and post for assessing the results of group therapy. The workshop will also address the difficulties and methods of working with a population that does not know to read or write.

Keywords: Congo  Group Therapy  Rape  Women  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

131. Hofmann, A. (2010, June). Healing depression by treating trauma?. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Scientific studies of EMDR have shown that it is one of the most effective tools for treating posttraumatic stress disorders. One of the lesser-known properties of EMDR is that it also seems to be an effective psychotherapy method in a number of disorders, which may have part of their origins in stressful memories. One of these disorders is chronic depression.
Severe depression is one of the most common mental disorders and affects between 5-15% of the general population during their lifetimes. Although many psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic interventions exist that are considered to be effective in depression, the treatment is less than satisfactory. High relapse rates (around 50% after two years), unsatisfactory remissions and suicidal risks are among the major problems. Research shows that there may be a link between traumatic events (such as abuse experience in childhood) and the later occurrence of a depressive disorder. Research also shows that patients with a traumatic childhood history respond differently to treatment than patients without such a history do.
However, there is no published systematic study that tries to explore the potential use of trauma-specific treatments, such as EMDR, with depressive patients with a trauma history.
The presenter will report on the status of research on this subject and on a current controlled study, which is exploring the use of EMDR in depressive patients.

Keywords: Depression  Keynote  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

132. Forgash, C. A. (2005, September). Healing the heart of complex trauma through EMDR, ego state and somatosensory work. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is increasingly being utilized to treat highly challenging clients with a variety of diagnoses including complex PTSD, DESNOS, and a range of dissociative disorders. The dissociative processes commonly described as part of the PTSD spectrum, are also predicted by early attachment difficulties and losses. These clients may present with elements of several disorders (i.e., Borderline PD). Without considerable stabilization work, they may be unable to process information safely. This presentation, through lecture, experiential work and case presentation, will provide clinicians with a model that enables them to provide EMDR treatment effectively with this population. Participants will become familiar with specialized treatment planning that begins with detailed and complex history taking and pays particular attention to an extensive individualized preparation phase. They will learn how and when to integrate ego state work, somatosensory work and disociative treatment strategies in this phase and throughout EMDR protocol work. This systemic work will be understood to help patients resolve internal conflicts, deal with stabilization, affect regulation, triggering, overwhelm, dissociation, and resistance.

Keywords: Challenging Clients  Dissociation  Ego State Therapy  Master Series  Somatosensory Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

133. Forgash, C. A., & Copeley, M. (2008). Healing the heart of trauma and dissociation with EMDR and ego state therapy. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
"This book pioneers the integration of EMDR with ego state techniques and opens new and exciting vistas for the practitioners of each." --From the foreword by John G. Watkins, PhD, founder of ego state therapy "This is a book about polypsychism and trauma. It offers a number of creative syntheses of EMDR with several models of polypsychism. It also surveys and includes many other models of contemporary trauma theory and treatment techniques. The reader will appreciate its enrichment with case examples and very generous bibliographic material. If you are a therapist who works with patients who have been traumatized, you will want this book in your library." --Claire Frederick, MD, Distinguished Consulting Faculty, Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center "Training in EMDR seems to have spread rapidly among therapists in recent years. In the process, awareness is growing that basic EMDR training may not be adequate to prepare clinicians to effectively treat the many cases of complex trauma and dissociation that are likely to be encountered in general practice. By integrating it with ego state therapy, this book may just serve as a crucial turning point in the development of EMDR by providing a model for productively applying it to the treatment of this important and sizeable clinical population." --Steven N. Gold, PhD, President Elect, APA Division of Trauma The powerful benefits of EMDR in treating PTSD have been solidly validated. In this groundbreaking new work nine master clinicians show how complex PTSD involving dissociation and other challenging diagnoses can be treated safely and effectively. They stress the careful preparation of clients for EMDR and the inclusion of ego state therapy to target the dissociated ego states that arise in response to severe and prolonged trauma. [Springer]

Keywords: Dissociation  Ego State Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

134. Seubert, A. (2008, September). A heart with a door: EMDR with clients with mental disabilities. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR holds great promise as an effective and efficient trauma treatment for clients with mental disabilities, a population inherently vulnerable to traumatic impact. This presentation will emphasize the “phase model” aspects of trauma treatment, where and how EMDR fits within this model, and what adaptations are required to meet the needs of these clients. A report on the progress of a series of single case studies with clients with mental disabilities, supported by video clips, will be utilized to demonstrate EMDR effectiveness with this population. Participants will have the opportunity to address their own cases.

Keywords: Mental Disabilities  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

135. Seubert, A. (2007, June). The heart with a door: EMDR with clients with mental disability. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: For the past three decades clinical experience as well as research has supported the validity of counseling and psychotherapy in the treatment of clients with mental disability (MH/MR)(Objective #1). At first, behavioural therapies and later various forms of process-oriented therapy (Gestalt, creative arts, body-centered, play) have been effectively employed with this population. Particularly through the use of process therapies, it has become clear that traditional insight and cognitive therapy must be adopted in favor of experience, action, body-centeredness and “right-brain” functioning to be impactful with this population.
EMDR, given it primarily non-verbal mode of functioning, holds great promise as an effective and efficient therapy for trauma treatment with dually diagnosed clients, a population inherently vulnerable to traumatic impact. This presentation will emphasize the “phase model” aspects of trauma treatment and will demonstrate where EMDR is effective within this model (Objective #2). Attention will also be given to ways in which the basic EMDR protocol need to be adapted to meet the needs of these clients (Objective #3).
A report on the progress of a series of single case studies with client with mental disabilities in Pennsylvania as well as anecdotal reports will be utilized to demonstrate EMDR effectiveness with this population. Video clip of sessions involving clients with varying levels of functioning will give the audience a concrete experience of the adaptive use of EMDR (Objective #4).
The workshop will leave time for participants to apply the learning to cases of their own (Objective #5).

Keywords: Mental Disability  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

136. Seubert, A. (2006, September). The heart with a door: An EMDR with clients with mental disabilities. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
For the past three decades clinical experience, as well as research, has supported the validity of counseling and psychotherapy in the treatment of dually diagnosed (MH/MR) clients. At first behavioral therapies and later various forms of process-oriented therapy (Gestalt, creative arts, body-centered, play) have been effectively employed with this population. Particularly through the use of process therapies it has become clear that traditional insight,and cognitive therapy must be adapted in favor of experience, action, body-centeredness and "right-brain" functioning to be impactful with this population. EMDR, given its primarily non-verbal mode of functioning, holds great promise as an effective and efficient therapy for trauma treatment with dually diagnosed clients, a population inherently vulnerable to traumatic impact. This presentation will emphasize the "phase model" aspects of trauma treatment and will demonstrate where EMDR is effective within this model. Attention will also be given to ways in which the basic EMDR protocol would need to be adapted to meet the needs of these clients. A report on the progress of a series of single case studies with clients with mental disabilities in Pennsylvania, as well as anecdotal reports, will be utilized to demonstrate EMDR effectiveness with this population. Video clips of sessions involving clients with varying levels of functioning will give the audience a concrete experience of the adaptive use of EMDR. The workshop will leave time for participants to apply the learning to cases of their own.

Keywords: Mental Retardation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

137. Seubert, A. (2008, June). A heart with a door: EMDR with clients with mental disability. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
For the past three decades clinical experience as well as research has supported the validity of counselling and psychotherapy in the treatment of dually diagnosed (MH/MR) clients. At first behavioural therapies and later various forms of process-oriented therapy (Gestalt, creative arts, body-centred, play) have been effectively employed with this population. Particularly through the use of process therapies it has become clear that traditional insight and cognitive therapy must be adapted in favour of experience, action, body-centeredness and “right-brain” functioning to be impactful with this population. EMDR, given its primarily non-verbal mode of functioning, holds great promise as an effective and efficient therapy for trauma treatment with dually diagnosed clients, a population inherently vulnerable to traumatic impact. This presentation will emphasize the “phase model” aspects of trauma treatment and will demonstrate where EMDR is effective within this model. Attention will also be given to ways in which the basic EMDR protocol would need to be adapted to meet the needs of these clients. A report on the progress of a series of single case studies with clients with mental disabilities in Pennsylvania as well as anecdotal reports will be utilized to demonstrate EMDR effectiveness with this population. Video clips of sessions involving clients with varying levels of functioning will give the audience a concrete experience of the adaptive use of EMDR. The workshop will leave time for participants to apply the learning to cases of their own.

Keywords: Mental Disabilities  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

138. Seubert, A. (2005, September). The heart with a door:  EMDR with clients with mental disabilities. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Session video clips, as well as anecdotal reports on the progress of a series of single case studies with clients with mental disabilities will be utilized to demonstrate EMDR effectiveness with this population. This presentation will emphasize the "phase model" aspects of trauma treatment and will demonstrate where EMDR is effective within this model. Attention will also be given to ways in which the basic EMDR protocol would need to be adapted to meet the needs of these clients. Specific therapeutic issues common to this population will be highlighted while employing an expanded definition of the word "trauma."

Keywords: Mental Disabilities  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

139. Grey, E. (2009, August). Holistically stressed: A qualitative investigation of EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
To the researcher’s knowledge, there is no phenomenological knowledge of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with a sub-clinical stressed population. The vast majority of EMDR research has focused on traumatized and clinical populations, leaving a significant gap in what the non-traumatized or sub-clinically stressed participants’ experience. Sub-clinical stress includes any level of stress that does not meet the DSM-IV-TR’s criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or acute stress disorder (ASD). Additionally, a gap in the literature exists in giving a voice to the participants’ experience of EMDR treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived experiences of body sensations, emotions, beliefs, and imagery during EMDR treatment of participants with sub-clinical stress. Participants fit into either a young adult (18-35), adult (36-49), or older adult (50-60) maturity category and did not meet the criteria for PTSD or ASD. The sample consisted of 12 participants, from a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States. The participants chief complaints included economic stress, relationship stressor, and critical self-talk. The researcher employed a qualitative phenomenological design to gather data in order to answer the research question: what are the lived experiences of sub-clinically stressed participants’ body sensations, beliefs, emotions, and memory imagery during EMDR treatment? The data was collected using the EMDRIA approved research treatment protocol. The researcher included the floatback technique in every reprocessing session to complying with the tenet of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. After installing a safe-place and five reprocessing sessions, the researcher administered a final interview asking questions about what the participants’ experienced in their body, thoughts, emotions, and memory images. All reprocessing session were completed when the participant indicated a SUDs of ‘0’ and a VOC of ‘7’. The data collected during every reprocessing session and the final interviews were analyzed using constant comparative techniques and open coding; verified with member check techniques. The results identify five thematic holistic experiences common in all participants. The themes of responsibility, safety, choices, power, and value emerged from the data. The findings indicate a participants’ lived experience may expand the cognitive themes described in the Adaptive Information Processing Model. The themes of responsibility, safety, power, and value were targeted and reprocessed as disturbing memories. The participants experienced these themes as feeling overly responsible, unsafe, valueless, and/or powerless. The holistic manifestation of the themes of choices emerged as the outcome towards a more adaptive perspective of the disturbing targeted memories. The results of this study further indicate that it may be beneficial to address all four maladaptive themes in mind and body for effective sub-clinical stress resolution. The findings inform scholarly and clinical understanding of the Adaptive Information Processing Model concepts of responsibility, safety, and choices. The findings of this study preliminarily expand the previously unknown holistic manifestation of these themes in sub-clinical participants’ lived sensory experiences. These themes are now in need of additional research to verify and validate the findings of this study.

Keywords: Poster  Sub-Clinical Stress  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

140. Giamp, J. S. (2003). Honoring their voice: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing through the eyes of inmates with developmental disabilities. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3119790.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study examined the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on inmates with developmental disabilities (DD) who were incarcerated in a special needs correctional facility in the southwestern United States. Cognitively, these inmates ranged from borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) to mild mental retardation (MMR), and all suffered from PTSD-like symptoms. A repeated measure pre- and postanalysis design with one sample group was utilized. The Emotional Problem Scales (EPS), Impact of Events Scales - 8 Items (IES-8), Validity of Cognition Scales (VOCS), and Subjective Units of Disturbance Scales (SUDS) were used to gather quantitative data on the 17 volunteer participants. Baseline and outcome data were collected by an independent assessor. The T-Test was incorporated to analyze the data and determine significance. Due to the small sample of convenience, the data were skewed, so the researcher also used the nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Descriptive data on EMDR were collected and analyzed.As measured by the SUDS, IES-8, and VOCS, the statistical findings revealed self-reported reductions in levels of distress, avoidance, and intrusiveness of the traumatic memory, and an increase in self-esteem and the believability of positive cognitions about self and the event after the application of EMDR. However, the clinical scales from the Self-Report Inventory (SRI) of the EPS did not reveal any changes after the application of EMDR. Staff familiar with the study volunteers also reported a significant decrease in clinical pathology and an increase in prosocial behavior, as measured by the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS) of the EPS. Findings suggest that the utilization of EMDR with persons having developmental disabilities may have clinical utility. Thus, further research in this area is warranted. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(1-B), 2004, pp. 436.

Keywords: Americans  Empirical Study  Mentally Retarded  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Prison Inmates  PTSD  Quantitative Study  Self Esteem  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

141. Occhi, S., Albiol, L. M., & Cicognani, E. (2007). Il disturbo post-traumatico da stress: Una rassegna [Post-traumatic stress disorder: A review]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 13(3), 323-344.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Questo articolo presenta una rassegna aggiornata teorico del Post-Traumatico da Stress Disorder (PTSD) concetto, un disturbo mentale che può comparire dopo essere stato esposto direttamente o indirettamente, ad un evento traumatico. L'articolo inizia con una descrizione della sintomatologia, suddivisi in: rivivere l'evento traumatico, evitamento, ottundimento reattività generale e ipervigilanza. Questo è seguito da una presentazione dei più recenti studi che indicano la presenza di disordine da stress post-traumatico nella popolazione, sia nella popolazione generale e nei soggetti direttamente coinvolti in un evento traumatico. Post-traumatico da stress sintomi del disturbo sono identificati mediante questionari specifici descritti nella sezione riferimento a strumenti di indagine. Lo studio delle basi biologiche per il PTSD è diventata particolarmente significativo negli ultimi anni, e abbiamo analizzato questo contesto in modo più approfondito per questo motivo, con particolare riferimento al ruolo dell'asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene. Un impulso importante dello studio del PTSD è dovuto alla crescente importanza dato alla prevenzione, intesa come riduzione dell'impatto dei disturbi psichiatrici che concentrandosi su Eye Movement Desensibilizzazione e ritrattamento (EMDR), il trattamento psicologico, con il supporto di tecniche che riguarda la terapia cognitivo comportamentale e il trattamento farmacologico che prevede l'uso di inibitori della ricaptazione della serotonina selettiva, quali siano le forme più studiate. (PsycINFO record del database (c) 2008 APA, tutti i diritti riservati)

This article presents an updated theoretical review of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) concept, a mental disorder that can appear after being exposed directly or indirectly to a traumatic event. The article begins with a description of the symptomatology, divided in: re-living the traumatic event, avoidance, dulling general reactivity and hyperarousal. This is followed by a presentation of the most recent studies which indicate the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the population, both in the general population and in subjects directly involved in a traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms are identified by using specific questionnaires described in the section referring to investigation instruments. The study of the biological bases for PTSD has become particularly significant in recent years, and we analysed this context in greater detail for this reason, with particular reference to the role of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. An important boost of the study of PTSD is due to the increasing importance placed on prevention, understood as a reduction of the impact of psychiatric disorders which focusing on Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), on psychological treatment, with the support of techniques that concerns cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment that involves the use of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, which are the forms studied most. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Review  

Accuracy Verified: No

142. Henry-Schneider, P. (2013, May). The importance of working with the mind/body system. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Ai Chi is a moving meditation in warm water. It is a powerful way to reinforce the body as a positive resource, because it is a multimodal experience. Ai Chi involves being aware of the body in a warm, supportive, nurturing environment. As Bessel van der Kolk points out, “Our brains will continue to take in new information and construct new realities as long as our bodies feel safe.” (2003) Ai Chi reinforces feelings of safety, allowing clients to build upon positive memories and to release negative ones. Ai Chi can be integrated into various stages of the EMDR model. Given an increased awareness of the significance of somatic interventions, an introduction to a little-known modality is important. Utilizing concepts of interpersonal neurobiology developed by Daniel Siegel, levels of integration that constitute mental health will be explored. It will become clear that the characteristics that represent integration are paralleled and reinforced by the Ai Chi process. This puts both EMDR and Ai Chi within a broader context and demonstrates how Ai Chi can reinforce and expand the effects of EMDR. The experience of incorporating a sense of well-being becomes both literal and metaphorical. Participants will learn some of the movements on land and also watch a video of the process. Not only is Ai Chi suitable for most populations, it is particularly helpful for people with chronic pain issues as well as an older population. Learning Objectives: • Come to a basic understanding of mental health from an interpersonal neurobiological point of view • Learn about the practice of Ai Chi • Explore how combining EMDR and Ai Chi can promote the 9 levels of integration described by Daniel Siegel MD • Hear about specific cases and how combining EMDR and Ai Chi has contributed to the resolution of a variety of mental health issues • Experience Ai Chi and/or watch video demonstrating Ai Chi.

Keywords: Ai Chi  Mind/Body Connection  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

143. Ford, G., & Adler-Tapia, R. (2010, November). Improving lives: Diagnosis of PTSD and EMDR treatment for people with I/DD. Plenary presented at the annual NASDDDDS (National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disabilities Services) Conference, Arlington, VA..

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Due to their vulnerability and cognitive functioning, people with intellectual/developmental (I/DD) disabilities experience Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) more often than the general population. Their symptoms are often undiagnosed, and remain untreated because these individuals are unable to identify and express their experiences and needs. Furthermore, the symptoms of trauma may be misinterpreted as problematic behavior and unnecessary medications prescribed. Many professionals are not aware of the successful use of EMDR with people with I/DD. EMDR is an efficacious treatment for trauma where the standard protocol can be adapted to the intellectual and developmental level of the individual. Not only can EMDR improve the lives of individuals, but may result in the need for less intensive and expensive supports.

Keywords: I/DD  Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

144. Adler-Tapia, R., & Ford, G. (2011, August). Improving lives: PTSD and the use of EMDR in psychotherapy for people with intellectual & developmental disabilities. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Due to their vulnerability and cognitive functioning, people with intellectual/developmental (I/DD) disabilities experience Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) more often than the general population. Symptoms are often undiagnosed, and remain untreated causing years of unnecessary suffering because these individuals are unable to identify and express their experiences and needs. These symptoms of trauma may be misinterpreted as problematic behaviors for which unnecessary medications are prescribed. Many professionals are not aware of the successful use of EMDR with people with I/DD. EMDR is an efficacious treatment for trauma where the standard protocol can be adapted to the intellectual and developmental level of the individual. Not only can EMDR improve the lives of individuals, but may result in the need for less intensive and expensive supports.

Keywords: Developmental Disabilities  Mental Disabilities  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

145. Diehle, J., Boer, F., & Lindauer, R. (2012, November). The intact research: Investigating treatments for adolescents and children after trauma – First results from a randomized controlled trial of TFCBT and EMDR. Symposium conducted at the 28th Annual Meeting of the ISTSS, Los Angeles, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Every day, children are exposed to traumatic events. As a result, a significant subgroup of these children develops post-traumatic stress symptoms and co-morbid problems. Although Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, European treatment outcome studies are still scarce in this population. The current study is a randomized controlled trial of the Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) protocol as designed by Cohen, Mannarino, and Deblinger; and the Dutch eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol for children (de Roos, Beer, de Jongh en ten Broeke). Up to now a direct comparison of these treatment protocols is lacking. Children between the age of 8 and 18 years with (partial) PTSD were randomly assigned to either 8 sessions TF-CBT or 8 sessions EMDR. In this presentation we will present first results from our trial. Treatment results will be presented on outcome measures including PTSD-symptoms, co-morbid symptoms and cognitions.

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  Randomized Control Trial RCT  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

146. Brown, S., & Gilman, S. (2007). An integrated trauma treatment program (ITTP) in the Thurston County Drug Court Program: Program summary - An integrated trauma treatment program (EMDR and seeking safety) as an enhancement in the Thurson County drug court program. Author.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The prevalence of co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in the criminal justice system is a serious issue for both men and women. The inattention to trauma before, during, and after involvement in the criminal justice system is problematic. Some research suggests that trauma-related disorders among those with SUD negatively affect post-incarceration outcomes (Kubiak, 2004). Therefore, from a practice and policy perspective, interventions addressing these co-occurring disorders should be made available to men and women within the criminal justice system. Current research recommends a phased and integrated treatment approach for co-occurring PTSD and SUD. SAMHSA (2005) reports that the integration of substance abuse treatment and mental health services for persons with co-occurring disorders (COD) has become a major treatment initiative. The specific Integrated Trauma Treatment Program (ITTP) described in this report is one possible treatment approach for this challenging population. This report will outline the rationale for the ITTP implemented in the Thurston County Drug Court Program (TCDCP) in Olympia, WA. In addition, it is hoped that results from this project will be considered when making policy recommendations for Drug Courts and other programs in the criminal justice system, as well as other public and private substance abuse treatment settings.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Substance Use Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

147. Parnell, L. (2010, September/October). Integrating an attachment repair orientation into EMDR treatment for clients with relational trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clients who have experienced childhood traumas that have impacted their sense of safety and capacity to form close emotional relationships in adulthood require adjustments to the EMDR phases and procedural steps. These relational traumas can include childhood physical or sexual abuse, neglect, early losses, birth trauma, medical trauma, caregiver misattunement and vicarious trauma. In order for EMDR therapists to be most successful with this population it is important to incorporate an attachment repair orientation into the therapy. Through lecture, case examples, and video clips, participants will learn how an attachment-repair orientation can be integrated into all phases of EMDR treatment.

Keywords: Attachment Repair Orientation  Relational Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

148. Wernimont, T. (2004, September). Integrating EMDR into the treatment of brain injury. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Brain injury is the often overlooked result of abuse, accidents, sports injury, seizure disorder, tumors/surgery, and toxic exposure/overdose. Symptoms from brian injury are often attributed to other causes, including depression, addiction, and even schizophrenia impeding treatment. There will be practical suggestions regarding: 1) assessment for symptoms of brain injury in your population; 2) applying EMDR approach within a comprehensive treatment plan; and 3) how to use strategies to treat symptoms of dysregulation and to reinforce skills. In addition, the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social effects of brain injury will be addressed.

Keywords: Brain Injury  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

149. Scholom, J. (2004, September). Integrating EMDR with eating disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will draw on clinical experience and expertise with Eating Disordered clients and EMDR to delineate creative ways to utilize EMDR with this population. A stage oriented approach will be presented, addressing attachment styles, affect skills and ego strengths development, symptom management, trauma resolution, personal enhancement and body image clarification. EMDR is being used to treat clients with a variety of trauma related conditions. Eating disordered clients very often have traumatic histories. We will utilize principles associated with attachment theory, affect regulation and trauma treatment as the foundation to a staged treatment approach with eating disorders. We will incorporate the standard EMDR protocol as well as some deviations into the overall treatment.

Keywords: Eating Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

150. Rouanzoin, C. (2007, September). The integration of EMDR in the treatment of dissociative clients. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will focus on the use of EMDR in the treatment of patients who span the dissociative spectrum. The participants will learn how to understand dissociative process from simple to complex dissociation and how to utilize EMDR in their treatment. This presentation will discuss dissociative process from the Adaptive Information Processing Model of EMDR. It will cover: the implications and complications of clinical treatment with dissociative process; the nature of dissociative process; screening for dissociation and the ‘Red Flags’ of treatment concerns; the differential diagnoses of dissociation – from dissociation found in diagnostic categories other than Dissociative Disorders (e.g., Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, PTSD) to DDNOS (ego states work) and DID; the use of EMDR in the treatment of dissociation in relation to trauma; and therapist attributes that help contribute to the successful treatment of dissociative patients. Participants will be encouraged to share their own insights and difficulties in working with this highly traumatized population of individuals.

Keywords: Dissociation  Dissociative Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

151. Hain, B., Micka, R., Wiegand, C., Hofmann, A., & Seidler, G. H. (2004, September). Integrierte traumaassoziierte kurzzeittherapie für akuttraumatisierte (INTAKT)1 - Ergebnisse einer pilot-studie zur wirksamkeit von ressourcenorientierter behandlung in der gruppe und EMDR [Integrated trauma associated short-term psychotherapy for acute traumatized patients (INTAKT ) - Results from a study including a small population (n=16) about the effectiveness of ressource-oriented treatment in groups in combination with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)]. Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik, 40(3), 277-296 .

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Die INTAKT (Integrated traumaassociated kurzfristige Psychotherapie) eingeführt wurde, eine Intervention in einem "Ambulante Ressource-orientierten Gruppe" ARG für akute traumatisierten Patienten in Kombination mit EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization und die Wiederaufbereitung). Die Studie und die wichtigsten Ergebnisse ausgesetzt sind. Durch den Vergleich der Behandlungen "ARG" und "INTAKT" wird gezeigt, dass Interventionen Gruppe wirksam bei akuter-traumatisierten Patienten und hilfsbereit im Laufe der Behandlung sind. Für einige Patienten der Gruppe Interventionen führen zu einer signifikanten Reduktion Symptom. Für andere die stabilisierende Wirkung der "Ambulante Ressource-orientierten Gruppe" ermöglichen diesen Patienten zu einer frühen Übergang zu EMDR. Die Wirkung der INTAKT-Behandlung scheint zu sein, besser als die anderen Behandlungen.

The INTAKT (Integrated traumaassociated short-term psychotherapy) was introduced, a intervention in a "Ambulant Ressource-oriented Group" ARG for acute traumatized patients in combination with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). The study and the most important results are exposed. By comparing the treatments "ARG" and "INTAKT" is shown, that group interventions are effective for acute-traumatized patients and helpful in the course of the treatment. For some patients the group interventions lead to a significant symptom reduction. For others the stabilizing effects of the "Ambulant Ressource-oriented Group" enable these patients to a early transition to EMDR. The effect of the INTAKT-treatment seems to be superior to the other treatments.

Keywords: Adult  Behavior Therapy  Controlled Study  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  Female  Human  Imagination  Male  Psychotherapy  Psychotrauma  Treatment Outcome  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

152. Scagliotti, J. (2011). Interoceptive exposure therapy for combat veterans: A group treatment approach. University of Hartford, Hartford, CT.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This paper explores the application of interoceptive exposure (IE) therapy to treat the arousal and avoidant symptoms in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The historical background of PTSD and the functional impact of the disorder in veterans from Vietnam and Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom are discussed in the first chapter. Literature on romantic and family relationship impairment, employment challenges, decreased physical health and overall quality of life, and increased mental health issues in veterans of combat are presented. Following the introductory chapter is a brief description of the history of treatment for combat trauma and a detailed review of the most common treatments for PTSD in their application to the veteran population. Research on psychophysiological approaches to treatment, pharmacotherapy, and EMDR is discussed. The extensive literature on cognitive behavioral treatment approaches for combat trauma is reviewed. As noted, exposure therapy appears to be the treatment approach with the most scientific support. A relatively new form of exposure therapy known as IE, as well as the small but promising body of research on the potential to augment conventional long-term exposure therapy with IE, are also addressed here. A new treatment protocol proposed here is built upon the foundation of empirical support for cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD. It is intended to incorporate trauma-informed best practices and exposure therapy tenets through the implementation of group based IE for individuals with combat-related PTSD. Outlines of the following two sections will provide detailed descriptions of the group design and the specific treatment modules, the first of which addresses therapeutic rationale and group composition, and the second lists the specific twelve treatment modules.

Keywords: Combat Veterans  Interoceptive Exposure Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

153. Fernandez, I. (2008, Novembre). Interventi precoci con EMDR: Applicazione nei disturbi post-traumatici acuti con vittime di disastri collettivi [Early intervention with EMDR: Application in mass post-traumatic stress/acute disaster victims. Plenaria presentato le applicazioni cliniche di EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Questa relazione descrive l’applicazione dell’EMDR come trattamento precoce focalizzato sul trauma rivolto a bambini coinvolti in diastri collettivi (disastri naturali, incidenti e provocato in modo intenzionale dalla mano dell’uomo). Il trattamento con EMDR in tutti questi casi è stato parte di un intervento con questa popolazione ed è stato il trattamento di elezione di bambini in età scolastica che erano stati i più esposti a eventi traumatici. In molti di questi casi, 3 cicli di sedute di EMDR sono stati organizzati ad un mese, a tre mesi e ad un anno dall’evento critico. I bambini hanno avuto delle sedute individuali nella maggior parte dei casi dato che avevano avuto una grave traumatizzazione, unite al lutto, dove avevano vissuto una minaccia alla propria vita e la perdita di amici e fratelli. Il supporto psicologico e il trattamento EMDR sono stati forniti anche ai genitori, al personale scolastico e questo aspetto è stato di fondamentale importanza negli ultimi interventi per rafforzare e mantenere i risultati nei bambini. I risultati di questionari e delle interviste cliniche per valutare la sintomatologia post-traumatica prima e dopo il trattamento verranno descritti durante la presentazione insieme ai dati del follow-up. Il gruppo trattato dimostra un miglioramento significativo dopo il trattamento con EMDR. L’analisi statistica dei risultati sarà descritta in modo approfondito. Durante la relazione verranno sottolineati gli aspetti clinici dell’applicazione dell’EMDR con i bambini dopo un trauma recente particolarmente grave. Le reazioni post-traumatiche di questo gruppo in età evolutiva sono state valutate, misurate e hanno dato delle informazioni rilevanti per questo campo di applicazione. Il trattamento EMDR con i genitori e con altri adulti coinvolti nel disastro e che era a contatto con i bambini si è rivelato un intervento chiave per quanto riguarda la sintomatologia dei bambini. A conclusione verranno presentate delle linee guida e delle indicazioni per la strutturazione di interventi sulla base di questi studi sul campo.

This report describes the application of EMDR as early treatment focused on trauma facing children involved in mass disasters (natural disasters, accidents and pollution in intentionally by man). Treatment with EMDR in all these cases was part of an intervention with this population and was the treatment of choice for school-age children who were most exposed to events traumatic. In many of these cases, 3 cycles of EMDR sessions were held one month, three months and one year after the event critical. The children have had some individual sessions in most cases because they had severe trauma, united in mourning, where they had lived a threat to his life and the loss of friends and brothers. Psychological support and treatment EMDR was provided to parents, staff school and this aspect was of paramount importance in recent efforts to reinforce and keep the results in children. The results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess the symptoms post trauma before and after treatment will be described during the presentation along with the data of follow-up. The treated group demonstrated significant improvement after treatment with EMDR. The statistical analysis of results will be described in detail. The report will be highlighted during the clinical application of EMDR with children after a recent trauma particularly serious. Post-traumatic reactions of this growing age group were assessed, measured and have information relevant to this scope. EMDR treatment with parents and other adults involved in disaster and who was in contact with children has proved a key intervention regarding symptoms of children. A conclusion will discuss the guidelines and indications for the structuring of interventions based on these field studies.

Keywords: Early Intervention  Mass Disasters  Plenary  Recent Events  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

154. Barach, P. (2000, September). Introduction to the diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders:  Learning the ropes, avoiding the pitfalls. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is not the focus of this program. Participants will: 1) become acquainted with interview questions and diagnostic instruments that access for the presense of a dissociative disorder; 2) learn current thinking concerning the etiology of dissociative disorder; and 3) learn how to use therapeutic boundaries and pacing to structure a treatment plan for dissociative clients that helps maintain daily functionality; 4) understand the basic issues in the false memory/recovered memory controversy; and 5) understand some of the common traps and errors in the treatment of this population.

Keywords: Diagnostic Instruments  Dissociation  False Memory  Interview Questions  Pacing  Recovered Memory  Therapeutic Boundaries  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

155. Stowasser, J. (2011, August). An introduction to the treatment of domestic violence victims. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This cursory presentation may help the clinician recognize domestic violence clients and inspire interest in further training, promoting safer integration of EMDR in the treatment of domestic violence. Definitions, statistics, and examples of domestic violence will be briefly explored. History taking approach regarding exposure in childhood and in adulthood will be touched upon. Assessing the victim’s safety, readiness for treatment, and safer reprocessing will be highlighted. Target selection and the three-pronged approach will be briefly examined. Greater awareness may safeguard their practice with this potentially lethal population.

Keywords: Domestic Violence  Victims  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

156. Devilly, G. J. (1994). An investigation into the efficacy of EMDR on post traumatic stress disorder within a veteran population. University of Queensland, Brisbane St. Lucia, Australia.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

157. Lytle, R. A. (1993). An investigation of the efficacy of eye-movement desensitization in the treatment of cognitive intrusions related to memories of a past stressful event. Pennsylvania State University. AAT 9334778.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
A novel clinical technique, referred to as "eye-movement desensitization," has recently been reported to rapidly achieve significant reductions in the frequency and intensity of the two primary symptoms of PTSD; cognitive intrusions and the behavioral and emotional avoidance of trauma related fear cues. The current study was intended to provide an experimentally controlled replication of this procedure. The 45 students with the highest scores on a self-report questionnaire were selected for participation in the study and randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. These conditions included "eye-movement desensitization," "eye-fixation desensitization," and a non-directive control condition.Sessions One and Three consisted of pretest and posttest assessment respectively, administered by questionnaire and behavioral measures of cognitive intrusions relating to the reported trauma. Session Two, consisted of immediate pretest and posttest assessment of information regarding subjective discomfort, perceived validity of adaptive cognitions, and vividness of images related to the reported trauma. The results of this experiment indicated that treatment-related pretest to posttest change was limited to (a) a relative reduction in cognitive intrusions for the eye-fixation group compared to the other treatment conditions, and (b) initial superiority of both desensitization techniques in immediately reducing subject distress, vividness of the initial image (and for eye-fixation, improved validity of an adaptive cognition) in comparison to the non-directive condition. The latter condition, however, then achieved equivalent gains by one-week follow-up. It was concluded that: (a) the relative efficacy of the eye-movement desensitization technique, was not supported in this non-clinical population, (b) to the degree that the outcomes resulting from the two desensitization conditions were at variance from those of the more traditional non-directive technique, those differences appear to have been predominantly transient in character, and (c) the induction of saccadic eye-movements did not demonstrably function as an active component of treatment within this experimental context. It was additionally concluded that further research will be required to satisfactorily resolve the discrepant findings of experimentation and case reports regarding the efficacy of this technique. Specific suggestions for further research were presented. [Truncated Author Abstract] [Pilots]

Keywords: Biologic Markers  College Students  Intrusive Thoughts  Negative Therapeutic Reaction  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  Witnesses  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

158. Devilly, G. J., & Spence, S. H. (1998). Is EMDR superior to CBT within a generic PTSD population?. Presentation at the World Congress of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, Acapulco, Mexico.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: CBT  Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

159. Murray, K. (2013). L'EMDR avec le chagrin: Réflexions sur l'étude de 2001 de Ginny Sprang [EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 24E-28E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.E24.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
“Traduire la recherche en pratique” constitue une nouvelle rubrique régulière du journal dans laquelle des cliniciens font part d’exemples de cas cliniques qui soutiennent, exposent en détail ou illustrent les résultats d’une étude de recherche donnée. Chaque article commence par résumer l’étude en question pour ensuite apporter la description par le clinicien de son application des procédures EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) standard auprès de la population ou pour le problème traité dans l’étude. Cette rubrique est éditée par la fondation EMDR Research (recherche en EMDR) dans le but de fournir un lien entre la recherche et la pratique et de rendre pertinents les résultats de la recherche par rapports aux pratiques quotidiennes des thérapeutes. Dans la rubrique de ce numéro, Katy Murray se réfère à l’étude de Sprang (2001) qui a évalué le traitement EMDR du deuil complexe ; elle décrit comment elle a employé l’EMDR dans trois cas difficiles – une mère faisant le deuil de son fils jeune adulte, une femme en lutte avec la perte de sa mère à cause de la maladie d’Alzheimer et une jeune mère dont le fils est mort-né. Les exemples de cas sont suivis d’une discussion complète.

Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’ day-today practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are followed with a comprehensive discussion.

Keywords: Bridging Research  Grief  Mourning  Practice  

Accuracy Verified: No

160. Schrage, J. (2012). Law enforcement and trauma: Psychological intervention strategy, methodology, and techniques. Alliant International University, Los Angeles. 3502349.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This doctoral project and brochure is meant to provide an understanding of the effects of trauma on law enforcement officers in order to provide insight and treatment strategies for this population. Effects of culture and diversity within the law enforcement community are discussed. The following chapters review various aspects impacting the research such as a brief history of trauma, Posttraumatic stress disorder within the law enforcement community, officer resiliency, coping, cognitive behavioral treatment strategies, EMDR, positive psychology, community psychology, critical incident stress debriefing as well as biological-based treatments. Treatment modalities and research for mental health professionals working with law enforcement are discussed. Evidenced-Based treatment methods are reviewed as well. The implications of this project are reviewed, as well as the limitation and further suggestions for future research.

Keywords: Law Enforcement  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

161. Rotaru, J., Peluso, C., & Cherukuri, N. (2010, March). A literature review of the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in adults diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Experiential Psychotherapy, (1), 48-51. doi:10.1177/1524838004264340.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pernicious mental health problem that causes severe occupational and social impairments. Epidemiologic studies show that about 56% of the population will be exposed to a traumatic event and about 8-12% will meet the criteria for PTSD during their lifetime. Given the chronicity and the high rates of PTSD in today’s society, it is imperative to determine the most efficacious intervention that has the potential to reduce symptomatology. This literature review indicates that EMDR is a therapy that can be implemented with sustained benefits.

Keywords: CBT  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Literature Review  Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Posttraumtic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

162. Zimmermann, P., Biesold, K. H., Barre, K., & Lanczik, M. (2007, May). Long-term course of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in German soldiers: Effects of in patient eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy and specific trauma characteristics in patients with non-combat-related PTSD. Military Medicine, 172(5), 456-460 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated a patient population of 89 German soldiers who received inpatient treatment for PTSD at the German Armed Forces Hospital in Hamburg from 1998 to 2003. Methods: Patients were nonrandomly assigned to a treatment group who received eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and a comparison group with general hospital treatment and relaxation training. Follow-up information was obtained 29 months post-treatment. Trauma-related symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale and the Post-Traumatic Stress Scale (PTSS-10) as parameters of improvement. Results: The Impact of Event Scale showed that inpatient trauma therapy with EMDR significantly improved the course of PTSD. In addition, the Impact of Event Scale indicated a significantly poorer long-term outcome for patients who had been confronted with death during their traumatic experience. Other factors tested were of no significant influence. CONCLUSIONS: These results may influence further treatment strategies for traumatized German soldiers. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Army Personnel  German  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PSTD  Psychiatric Inpatients  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

163. MacDonald, H. (2011, October). Marbles in the elbow and other stories: Using EMDR in treatment resistant pain. Keynote presented at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Persistent pain is common in people who have experienced trauma; and persistent pain also leads to trauma responses, and between 10- 50% of those experiencing chronic pain meet criteria for PTSD. There are many people experiencing current, persistent pain in the general population, and many people referred for EMDR treatment will have pain, whether or not this is the primary reason for the referral. Current approaches to treating persistent pain include medical and bio-psycho-social interventions. People with chronic pain have often tried multiple specialist treatments for their pain, including medication, surgery, physiotherapy and alternative treatments. The best available evidence suggests that a combination of medical, physiotherapy and psychological interventions is needed, with improved quality of life depending more on management of the emotional impact of pain than necessarily on pain reduction. An increasing body of evidence suggests that using EMDR for pain can be effective in three main ways: for reducing the experience of pain; targeting pain memories and overcoming the impact of pain on the individual. There will be a brief overview of research evidence and current clinical experience, and practical applications. This will include working with imagery in specific ways relevant to working with people in pain; and discussion of case examples. (Author abstract)

Keywords: Persistent Pain  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

164. Noorthoorn, E. O., Havenaar, J. M., de Haan, H. A., van Rood, Y. R., & van Stiphout, W. A. (2010). Mental health service use and outcomes after the Enschede fireworks disaster: A naturalistic follow-up study. Psychiatric Services, 61(11), 1138-1143. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.61.11.1138 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: This study documented the number of people seeking help for mental health problems after a fireworks disaster in Enschede, the Netherlands. It describes their diagnostic characteristics, interventions provided, and their results. Methods: Researchers coded data from intakes and medical charts of all patients who sought help (N=1,659) and entered treatment (N=663) at a disaster relief service between May 13, 2000 (day of the disaster), and June 1, 2004. Patients who received more than eight treatment sessions (N=394) and were in treatment one year after the disaster were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (N=228, response rate, 58%) and other questionnaires (N=271, response rate, 69%). Results: In the population probably exposed, the cumulative referral-incidence for disaster-related mental health problems over four years was approximately 10%; in terms of referrals to the mental health facility over five years, the proportion of disaster-related referrals was 5.7%. Among adults, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most common clinical diagnosis (53%, chart sample). However, depression was the most common CIDI diagnosis (58%, CIDI interview sample). The recovery rate was about 50% on the basis of clinical judgment (chart sample), between 69% and 76% on the basis of "healthy" scores on symptoms, and between 39% and 60% in social and physical functioning (interview sample). Conclusions: Apart from persons seeking support during the first weeks postdisaster, the largest influx occurred after about one year and was limited in size. Clinicians in specialized services should be aware that conditions other than PTSD, such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and somatoform disorders, are also quite common after disasters. (Psychiatric Services 61:1138—1143, 2010) On the afternoon of May 13, 2000, a fireworks deposit situated in a residential area exploded, killing 22 people and injuring about 1,000 in the center of Enschede, a town in the east of the Netherlands. As a result approximately 1,500 houses were damaged, of which 498 had to be demolished, leading to displacement of 4,163 inhabitants (1). An estimated 17,000 individuals were probably exposed in one way or another to this disaster (1). The event was immediately declared a national disaster. In response, a nationwide support effort was launched and funds were allocated for research to document health consequences of this disaster. As a result, data about health, well-being, and medical service use have been systematically collected since the early days after this event (2,3,4,5). In contrast to the wealth of publications about the epidemiology of mental health problems after a disaster (6,7), there are only few studies that describe help-seeking behavior for these problems in a population stricken by disaster, or the outcomes of interventions. In this article we present the results of a chart study and interviews in early and later phases of treatment of adults who sought help from mental health services for disaster-related problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate mental health service delivery to persons affected by the fireworks disaster in Enschede during the period from May 2000 to May 2005. This study documented the number of people seeking help for disaster-related psychological problems, their sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics, the interventions that they received, and some results of these interventions. To our knowledge this is the first systematic investigation of all adults seeking specialized mental health care in a disaster-stricken area.

Keywords: Enschede Fireworks Disaster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

165. Alto, C. (2001, November). Meta-analysis of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing efficacy studies in the treatment of PTSD. Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ. AAT 3015591.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new psychological therapy used in the treatment of PTSD and other disorders. EMDR is unique in that it combines sets of therapist-administered eye movements in conjunction with protocol-driven cognitive and affective processing related to past trauma. EMDR has become a controversial technique for reasons including a lack of explanation for why it works and stunning claims made for its efficacy in the literature. Despite a large amount of research over the past decade, EMDR has not before been studied meta-analytically in its own right.The present investigation used meta-analysis to examine the collection of EMDR PTSD studies available in the literature. The literature search resulted in a total of 21 studies, which met inclusion criteria. These primary studies in turn resulted in a collection of 118 effect sizes included in the analysis. Two separate analyses were conducted dependent on whether EMDR was compared to a no treatment control group or an alternative treatment control group. In addition to an overall estimate of the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD represented through an effect size, five sub-hypotheses were investigated. First, it was hypothesized that RMDR would be more efficacious with a non-combat population than with combat-related PTSD. The second sub-hypothesis was that there would be significantly larger treatment effects associated with verbal report measures than with physiological outcome measures used in EMDR PTSD studies. Third, it was hypothesized that earlier EMDR studies would show larger treatment effects than more recent EMDR studies. The fourth sub-hypothesis concerned treatment dosage. It was hypothesized that there would not be significant differences based on the number of treatment sessions administered. Finally, it was hypothesized that the bilateral stimulation component of EMDR therapy would not contribute significantly to treatment effects. The analysis consisted of generating effect sizes in the form of standardized difference scores on the various outcome measures. Effect sizes were then grouped according to independent variable categories and averaged together. Before testing for between-group differences, homogeneity testing was completed. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 62(5-B), Nov 2001, pp. 2474.

Keywords: Empirical Study  Meta Analysis  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Treatment Effectiveness  Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

166. Greenwald, R. (2002). Motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) therapy for adolescents with conduct problems:  An open trial. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 6(1), 237-261. doi:10.1300/J146v06n01_12.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of adolescent conduct problems, in conjunction with other contributing factors. A trauma-focused individual therapy approach is presented as one example of how this population might be more effectively treated. This approach features motivational interviewing, self-control training (cognitive-behavioral therapy), and trauma resolution (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). This paper reports on an open trial of six adolescents with school and conduct problems who received school-based Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) treatment. Reductions in post-traumatic stress, related symptoms, and problem behaviors, along with improved school performance, indicate the value of further study of this treatment approach. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Adolescents  Americans  Clinical Trial  Cognitive Therapy  Depressive Disorders  Disruptive Behavior Disorders  High School Students  Individual Psychotherapy  Junior High School Students  Preadolescents  School Based Treatment  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

167. Bradley, R., Greene, J., Russ, E., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005, February). A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 214-227. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.214.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: The authors present a multidimensional meta-analysis of studies published between 1980 and 2003 on psychotherapy for PTSD. Method: Data on variables not previously meta-analyzed such as inclusion and exclusion criteria and rates, recovery and improvement rates, and follow-up data were examined. Results: Results suggest that psychotherapy for PTSD leads to a large initial improvement from baseline. More than half of patients who complete treatment with various forms of cognitive behavior therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing improve. Reporting of metrics other than effect size provides a somewhat more nuanced account of outcome and generalizability. Conclusions: The majority of patients treated with psychotherapy for PTSD in randomized trials recover or improve, rendering these approaches some of the most effective psychosocial treatments devised to date. Several caveats, however, are important in applying these findings to patients treated in the community. Exclusion criteria and failure to address polysymptomatic presentations render generalizability to the population of PTSD patients indeterminate. The majority of patients posttreatment continue to have substantial residual symptoms, and follow-up data beyond very brief intervals have been largely absent. Future research intended to generalize to patients in practice should avoid exclusion criteria other than those a sensible clinician would impose in practice (e.g., schizophrenia), should avoid wait-list and other relatively inert control conditions, and should follow patients through at least 2 years. [Author Abstract]
Erratum in American Journal of Psychiatry 2005, Apr, 162(4), 832 and 2006, Feb, 163(2), 330

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy  Meta Analysis  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Psychotherapy  PTSD  Treatment  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

168. Manfield, P. (1995, June). Narcissistic disorders:  Using EMDR with these difficult clients. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Definition of client population: Disorder of the self. The narcissistic character is often identified by his or her grandiose facade concealing an underlying sense of emptiness and worthlessness. To experience the underlying emptiness is so painful for them that these people cut off their inner experience and rely instead on external admiration and praise to support their grandiose or superior view of themselves; their condition is often referred to as a "disorder of the self." Because of their dependence on others for their sense of themselves, they are exquisitely sensitive to criticism or disapproval, often warding off deflation by becoming increasingly grandiose, superior, disdainful or demeaning. Many conceal their grandiosity, maintaining a secret sense of superiority which may be based upon their perfectionism or their quiet devaluing of others. View of others: there is a range of severity of the narcissistic character from personality disorders to a narcissistic character style. People with personality disorders, are unable to form a trusting bond with another person; they view people primarily as interchangeable, performing a function which could equally be performed by many others. Less impaired narcissistic characters, however, are able to form varying degrees of attachments to other people, although their ability to trust and care about other people is limited. Most commonly they relate to people they can idealize or be admired by. People tend to be seen in extremes as either superior and powerful or inferior and worthless; supportive and admiring or critical and attacking. Difficulties in using EMDR: Clinically these clients represent a difficult and often frustrating population to treat; they are brittle and easily injured if they to not feel perfectly understood by their therapists, and they will distance at the slightest hint that they are being judged or used. They resist focusing inward and defining their problems as arising within themselves, and find it difficult to sustain any genuine affect, other than perhaps rage. If they feel understood and accepted, however, they will eventually talk about their sense of emptiness and worthlessness and their confusion about who they are and what is truly meaningful and valuable to them. Beck, Young and others have described factors that make it difficult to treat any personality disorder using a cognitive behavioral approach. There have in fact been very few reported "successes" in the literature. Most of the difficulties are related to the self and object splitting characteristic of these clients. These clients have limited access to feelings, limited access to spontaneous thoughts, body sensations, memories, etc., and vague unfocussed presenting problems making targeting difficult. They usually have difficulty with emotional and often intellectual continuity from session to session; they will rarely keep a log or follow through with homework; transference issues often come into central focus and must be addressed before other targets; and their selfdefeating beliefs and behavior patterns are extremely deeply held, pervasive and resistant to change. In addition to varying degrees of these difficulties, narcissistic clients present all of the problems in EMDR that they do in more traditional therapies; including their tendencies to act out, deny, and avoid. These and other defenses interfere with completion of segments of therapeutic work and make it difficult for the clinician to keep work focused within one neural network. Self and object splitting leads to continuity problems within or between sessions and a difficulty maintaining clarity about the reason for being in treatment. The client may feel suicidal one week and declare himself or herself to be fully recovered the next. Perhaps the most confirming aspect of the treatment of these clients, however, is their emotionally impoverished pasts; they have very limited experience of nurturing, loving and caring to draw !?om in order to interweave new meanings and perspectives into traumatic or painful past experiences. Length of treatment: I have found that I have been able to achieve good results with higher level narcissistic clients with whom I have had an established relationship at the time I introduced EMDR into the treatment. My results with clients who have come to therapy asking specifically for EMDR and with whom I have begun using EMDR soon after the beginning of treatment have been generally poorer, varying with the severity of the client's disorder, the less severe doing best. The client needs to be able to establish a meaningful trusting relationship with the therapist; the more severe the client's difficulties with attachment, the more time this process requires. Narcissistic clients do not tend to see their difficulty with vulnerability, trust and intimacy as a problem within themselves. If they are able to recognize personal problems, they are usually in the area of self esteem and obstacles to achievement. When they are able to resolve some of these latter problems fairly rapidly through treatment they tend to terminate, no longer seeing a sufficient purpose for treatment. In a sense, they can become better narcissists; their grandiose view of themselves is enhanced and they are reinforced in their use of self-sufficiency as a defense against interpersonal vulnerability. I view the relative efficiency of EMDR as a problem for deeper treatment of narcissistic clients because there is less time for the therapeutic relationship to develop and consequently a limited opportunity to impact the client's object splitting. I believe that this is why I have found EMDR with narcissistic clients to be most effective when it is introduced after a therapeutic relationship has had time to develop. Negative cognitions: The early maladaptive schemas of narcissistic clients are pervasive in their lives and point to a plethora of negative cognitions. Typical early schemas are: I must control myself (or my feelings, my behavior, my body) at all times; no one cares; my needs will never be met; I can't trust anyone; I am deeply flawed and unlovable; I am dikeable, unattractive to others; I will always fail; my flaws are totally unacceptable to others; I must be perfect or I am worthless; I deserve to be treated more specially than others; I must please others to avoid attack; I'm alone; nobody understands me; I am OK if I am better than others; I am OK only if others admire me. It is often helpful to narrow these cognitions down to make them manageable with EMDR Treatment: In addition to the recommended protocol of establishing a safe space to which the client can retreat if necessary, before doing an EMDR session with one of these clients, the therapist should identify as many of the client's emotional resources possible, in particular expriences if any of having felt loved and accepted ad examples of loving people or relationships the client has observed Among other things, these facilitate more effective copitive interweaves. The initial task in doing an EMDR session with this client population is to establish an appropriate and richly defined target. Since it is more difficult for these clients to access meanm&l memories in an emotionally alive way, the therapist must be more active in helping the client stimulate the associated neural netork as I l l y as possible. In addition to the client's reaction to the plight of children he may be related to or observe (Level I1 training), a rich source of emotional responsiveness and resources is the client's own response to situations he has witnessed in news media, TV, movies or theater. A major challenge in addressing a narcissistic character type using EMDR is tracking the course of the session with these clients and identifying when they drip out of the targeted neural network. This process can be subtle because it requires an ability to differentiate true avoidance hm spontaneous associations which may appear at hat to be irrelevant; it requires a familiarity with and sensitivity to the protective or defensive mechanisms they use to insulate themselves fiom painful memories and affect. As the patterns ofmovement in and out of the targeted network are identified it is important to use interventions that are experienced by the client as supportive but nevertheless make hun or her aware of having wandered. Although the narcissistic client may initiate treatment with the stated goal of improving his performance in specified areas, he will agree upon reflection that the real problem is that he feels an overriding need to perform in order to feel worthwhile. Since he has never known any other way of dealing with his self-worth, he will be skeptical about whether it is possible to feel a sense of worth that is not based upon performance, and it is easy for the therapist to lose perspective and join him in that beliet especially while doing EMDR with its potential for reprocessing with extraordinary precision specific obstacles to performance. The therapist must, however, retain her healthy perspective if the client is to learn to accept himself. For more clinical information about treating disorders of the self: 1.)Beck, Aaron T., et al, Cognitive Therapy Of Personality Disorder Guilford Press, New York, N. Y., 1990 2.)Manfield, Philip, Split Self/Split Object: Understanding And Treating Borderline, Narcissistic And Schizoid Disorders, Jason Aronson Publishers, Northvale, N.J., 1992. 3.)Young, Jeffrey, E, Cognitive Therapy For Personality Disorders: A Schema-Focused Approach, Professional Resource Exchange, Inc., Sarasota, Florida, 1990.

Keywords: Narcissistic Personality Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

169. Forgash, C. (2008, June). The negative impact of complex PTSD on health: An EMDR/ego state treatment plan. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this workshop, EMDR and Ego state integrated treatment will be presented as a clinical model for dealing with current life and health problems which the presence of dissociation and PTSD exacerbates for complex trauma survivors (CTS). There are intertwined problems that are made more complex by the presence of dissociative disorders in adult CTS. First: there are negative sequelae of childhood abuse on the physical and mental health of adult CTS. Second, there are specific health problems predominant in this population which often are untreated, misdiagnosed and ignored by physicians and EMDR therapists. Third: CTS have difficulties addressing their health needs, accessing health care, and functioning effectively as health care consumers. Preventative care and good health care may be minimal for this population. This presentation will focus on the development of an EMDR treatment plan to successfully work with dissociative and PTSD disorders prevalent in these patients. Specialized Ego State techniques will be introduced in each phase of EMDR treatment to help the patient stabilize: manage triggers and avoid re-traumatization in the health care setting; effectively deal with avoidance, freeze, hyperarousal and numbing; desensitize and reprocess earlier traumatic events which are at the root of these problems, (these may include iatrogenic events and specific physical problems seemingly related to current health problems, which actually result from early trauma); and become assertive health consumers. Skills development needed by the CTS to become empowered and competent health consumers, such as rehearsal, identifying problems, planning visits etc will also be included in the plan. [This slide presentation has a two page "References" bibliograhy issued separately.(PDF 6065)]

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Ego State Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

170. Schottenbauer, M. A., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., Tendick, V., & Gray, S. H. (2008, Summer). Nonresponse and dropout rates in outcome studies on PTSD: Review and methodological considerations. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 71(2), 134-168. doi:10.1521/psyc.2008.71.2.134.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a frequent consequence of a variety of extreme psychological stressors. Lists of empirically supported treatments for PTSD usually include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), but nonresponse and dropout rates in these treatments often are high. We review the treatment dropout and nonresponse rates in 55 studies of empirically supported treatments for PTSD, review the literature for predictors of dropout and nonresponse, discuss methodological inconsistencies in the literature that make comparisons across studies difficult, and outline future directions for research. Dropout rates ranged widely and may have depended, at least in part, on the nature of the study population. It was not uncommon to find nonresponse rates as high as 50%. Standard methods of reporting dropout and nonresponse rates are needed for reporting outcomes. We suggest guidelines for collecting data to help identify characteristics and predictors of dropouts and nonresponders.

Keywords: CBT  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Literature Revieew  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Prediction  PSTD  Treatment Dropouts  Treatment Outcomes  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

171. Yoeli, F. R., & Prattos-Spongalides, T-A. (2004, June). OCD: Anxiety, rituals, co-morbidity or altered state? Treatment outcomes with EMDR. In anxiety disorders and EMDR (A. de Jongh, Chair). Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of th EMDR Europe Association, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Trauma-generated OCD repeats the trauma through its own ritual behavior patterns. This altered state re-traumatizes the core personality through the repetition of rituals similar to the original trauma. The presenters hypothesize that trauma-based OCD is an altered state not co-morbid with diagnosis for dissociative disorders. This OCD persona served the dissociative adult cope with traumatic memories changing and influencing reactions to ongoing trauma, life choices, and other behavior patterns.
This aim of this workshop is to focus on the development of trauma-based, anxiety-motivated dissociative states. Life in the shadow of chronic anxiety stemming from living under constant and consistent life-threatening conditions produces a (sub)-population of persons suffering from PTS/D. The anxiety and fear from elements of unprocessed traumatic events are retained and embedded in the body and are repeatedly triggered in daily life. This PTSD population dissociates into anxiety-based altered states ranging along a continuum from mild tension to phobias, panic attacks, denial, PCD, aggression, indifference and apathy and finally full blown trauma generated OCD.
The presenters provide cross-cultural examples demonstrating how ongoing threat of man-made or natural disasters often leads to a dissociative OCD state. Case examples are explored which demonstrate how processing with EMDR effectively enables resolution and change. EMDR is particularly useful in processing the “anxiety” via current behavior patterns.
Objectives: 1) to examine the co-morbidity aspects of trauma-based OCD and dissociation 2) to present the parallel continuums of types of stress and anxiety (on the intensity and severity axis 3) to compare the differences and similarities in behavioral patterns in different cultures under the stress of constant threat of annihilation (man-made vs. natural threats) 4) to demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR on trauma induced OCD, through case illustration and discussion.

Keywords: Altered States  Anxiety Disorders  Co-morbidity  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder  OCD  Rituals  Symposium  Treatment Outcomes  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

172. Hærås, T. (2009, October). Omstridt behandling av posttraumatisk stress [Controversial treatment of post traumatic stress]. Sykepleien, 60-62.

Language: Norwegian

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
I løpet av de siste årene har vi hatt en tidobling av antall flyktninger som oppholder seg i Norge (1). På bakgrunn av dette ser vi at helsevesenet møter mange utfordringer i forhold til innvandrerpasienter (2). Halvparten av innvandrere i Norge oppgir å bli diskriminert (3). Mange av disse pasientene sliter med Posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD). Til enhver tid regner man med at cirka en prosent av befolkningen lider av PTSD (4).

Over the past year we have had a tidobling the number of refugees staying in Norway (1). On the basis of this we see that the health care system face many challenges in relation immigrant patients (2). Half of immigrants in Norway claim to be discriminated against (3). Many of these patients suffering from Post Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At all times estimated that approximately one percent of the population suffers from PTSD (4).

Keywords: Refugee  Mental Illness  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Stress  Torture  War  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

173. Becker-Fritz, T., Carson, S., Donovan, L., Froning, M., Heiman, M., Packwood, S., & Peterson, G. (2002, June). Open forum to share clinical use of EMDR with child/adolescent population - Facilitated by the EMDRIA EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG Chairs. Open forum presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Because many clinicians struggle with applying the EMDR protocols with children and adolescents, this workshop will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion on this topic. The members of the panel are the current chairs of the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG and will share their clinical expertise with similar clinical situations presented from the audience. This session wll also encourage participants to share their own experiences that have been successful with this population.

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

174. Becker-Fritz, T., Donovan, L., Heiman, M., Packwood, S., Peterson, G., Peck, B., & Huss, B. (2005, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population. Open forum at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population as well as focus on clinical issues that can be treated effectively with EMDR. It can feel overwhleming for the clinican to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing, or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating children and adolescents. The first topic will address how the EMDR protocol may need to be adjusted to accommodate the needs or limitations for children and adolescents. The second topic will focus on what specific developmental considerations need to be considered when using EMDR with attachment disorders as well as identifying guidelines and strategies for including the family in the EMDR process with this population. The final topic will address 2 commonly seen diagnoses of AD/HD and anxiety addressing the possible negative cognitions, resource installations, and cognitive interweaves that can be used when treating children or adolescents with EMDR to resolve the trauma issues when having these disorders. The members of the panel are current chairs of the EMDRIA Chld/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience.

Keywords: Adolescents  ADHD  Anxiety  Attachment Disorders  Children  Attention Deficit Hyperacitivty Disorder  Developmental Considerations  Open Forum  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

175. Becker-Fritz, T., Donovan, L., Heiman, M., Waldon, A., Peck, B., Siegel, M., & Packwood, S. (2007, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of EMDR with child/adolescent population. Open forum (Moderator, T. Becker-Fritz) presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population, as well as focus on clinical issues that can be treated effectively with EMDR. It can feel overwhelming for the clinician to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating children and adolescents. The first topic will address identifying the challenges that children and adolescents present and understand adjustments in the EMDR protocol to accommodate the needs or limitations. The second topic will demonstrate how and when a structured format can facilitate effective EMDR treatment with children. The final topic will identify the challenges of using standard EMDR protocols with adolescents and special issues to consider when preparing them. The members of the panel are the current and immediate past chairs of the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience. The program will be moderated by the Executive Chair, encouraging audience participation throughout the 3 hour program.

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  Open Forum  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

176. Becker-Fritz, T., Carson, S., Donovan, L., Froning, M., Heiman, M., Peterson, G., & Packwood, B. (2003, September). Open forum to share clinical uses of  EMDR with child/adolescent population - Facilitated by the EMDRIA Child/Adolescent Special Interest Group Chairs. Open formum presented at the annual EMDRIA Conference, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many clinicians who work with children and adolescents struggle with applying the basic protocol for EMDR for this population. It can feel overwhelming for the clinician to be creative within their own practice without support for what they are doing, or suggestions on other strategies that may be more effective. This conversation hour session, lasting 3 hours, will provide a panel of professionals from different fields of expertise to lead a discussion of clinical applications of EMDR when treating chlldren and adolsecents. Topics that will be presented and followed with audience discussion include use of EMDR with the following: attachment disorders, children and adolescents in residential treatment, dissociative disorders, sexually reactive kids, children with AD/HD, and unresolved grief issues. The members of the panel are the current chairs of the Child/Adolescent SIG who will share their expertise with the audience.

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  Open Forum  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

177. Hasanovic, M., Pajevic, I., Morgan, S., & Kravic, N. (2011, May). P03-140 - EMDR training for mental health therapists in postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina who work with psycho-traumatized population for increasing their psychotherapy capacities. European Psychiatry, 26(Supplement 1), 1309. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(11)73014-0 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
After war 1992–1995 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), whole population was highly psych-traumatized. Mental health therapists had no enough capacities to meet needs of population. They are permanently in need to increase their psychotherapy capacities. EMDR is a powerful, state-of-the-art treatment. Its effectiveness and efficacy has been validated by extensive research. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommended it as one of two trauma treatments of choice.
Aim: To describe non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) to mental health therapists in BH from Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK & Ireland.
Method: Authors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision.
Results: Highly skilled and internationally approved trainers from HAP UK & Ireland came four times to Psychiatry Department of University Clinical Center Tuzla in BH where they provided completed EMDR training for 24 trainees: neuro- psychiatrists, residents of neuro-psychiatry and psychologists from eight different health institutions from six different cities in BH. After finishing training process, trainees are obliged to practice their EMDR therapy in daily practice with real clients under the supervision process of HAP UK & Ireland trainers to become certified EMDR therapists. Regarding big physical distance between supervisors and trainees, supervision will be realized via Skype Internet technology.
Conclusion Psychotherapy capacities of mental health psychotherapists in postwar BH could be increased with enthusiastic help of EMDR trainers from HAP UK&Ireland.

Keywords: Bosnia-Herzegovina  Mental Health Therapist  Post-War  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

178. Nickeson, C. (2000, September). Panic disorder and EMDR: A primer for getting started with this population. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will 1) be presented with the cognitive behavioral explanation of the dynamics of panic and agorphobia; 2) learn how to teach clients the basic skills they need in order to master their emotional reactions; and 3) learn how to use EMDR in each stage of treatment, that is, to address old memories and past incidents, current triggers, and to do future template work.

Keywords: Agoraphobia  Panic Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

179. Gerge, A. (2008, April). Phase I Preparations of severely traumatized women for exposure by extended EMDR-protocols in phase II treatment. Presentation at the 1st Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation offers a description of an integrative approach of group treatment within phase I treatment leaning on psychodynamic theory, a clear psycho-educative approach that uses methods as hypnosis/relaxation training/mindfulness training, aims for enhanced relational capacity and self-regulation by using hypnotic techniques aiming at enhanced containment capacity (Brown & Fromm, 1986; Kluft, 1993, 1999; Phillips & Fredericks 1995; Chu 1998; Cardeña et al., 2000). The treatment aims at enhanced capacity to mentalize, i.e., using the reflective functions in self-organization (Fonagy, 1997). This is considered to offer the participants an enhanced ”self soothing capacity” (Krystal 1988a,1988b), i. e., the capacity to calm and soothe the self by enhanced self regulation and capacity to rest, by helping the participants to reach experiential states where they can contain their own reactions, as well as offering training in order to tolerate and understand the signals of the body, i. e. the “felt sense” (Gendlin, 1978; Ogden, Minton, & Pain 2006). The trauma therapy within phase II-work by extended EMDRprotocols is exemplified with special focus on the restoration of the capacity for adequate self-care as well as care-giving functions. Learning Objectives: 1. To show how an integrative group treatment in phase I treatment can be used in trauma therapy for stabilization with patients with complex PTSD and high levels of dissociation (psychoform and/or somatoform co-morbidity). 2. Exemplify trauma-therapy within phase II work by extended EMDR-protocols addressing the special needs of continuous reinforcement of stabilization for the same population. 3. Focus on restoration of the capacity for adequate self-care as well as care giving functions.

Keywords: Trauma  Women  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

180. Daniel, J. (2000). Play therapy and EMDR. The Children’s Group Association Newsletter. Retrieved from http://www.cgta.net/newsletters/play_therapy.html November 16, 2011.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Children vary greatly in their ability to tolerate focusing on “the problem.” The wise EMDR therapist has various ways of approaching a traumatic memory or a current day problem to fit the tolerance level of the client. EMDR and the process of bilateral stimulation to address problematic material is one method of speeding up therapeutic work with children. However, when using bilateral stimulation with children I am simultaneously using my training as a family systems therapist, and the various play therapy strategies that were the backbone of my work with children before I learned EMDR or other alternative therapies. In a way, EMDR and the sand tray saved my professional life. In my first year of practice after my family therapy post-graduate training, I got a job at a family therapy clinic in Louisville, Kentucky. I was assigned to handle all referrals that came to the agency through a Victim Assistance grant. All of these were cases in which a child had been victim of some crime, and the majority were victims of abuse from some one other than a family member. You can imagine the population. Families who had found that a neighbor or teacher had abused their child were common. Both child and family were traumatized. My family therapy skills were good. But in addition to them I needed two things: a better way for children to communicate their feelings and a way to help both adults and children reduce the intensity of emotions around the trauma they had been through. Just (Continued from page 1) when I was beginning to feel that I was not up to the job, I learned EMDR. With this wonderful knowledge, I found I could help both children and adults move beyond the trauma and regain their grasp on the present moment, their strengths and their security. A deepening understanding of play therapy provided the additional communication tools I needed. Since Then I have never looked back, and find that our field is continually generating new perspectives and more efficient tools for us to use.

Keywords: Children  Play Therapy  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

181. Calero, M., Cutinella, L., Duarte, G., Frontini, M. D., Garcia, S. Garcia, V., F., & Yoo, I. (2012). Policinca para el tratamiento del trauma [Policinca for the treatment of trauma]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicotraumatología y Disociación, 4(1).

Language: Spanish

Format: Other

Abstract:
La falta de alternativas de tratamiento para pacientes graves y el reconocimiento de situaciones traumáticas como factores etiológicos o coadyuvantes de sus patologías, ha generado la necesidad de nuevas respuestas terapéuticas para esta población. Se instrumentó una Policlínica para el tratamiento del Trauma con el Modelo EMDR en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Vilardebó de Uruguay que da atención tanto a pacientes internados con patologías psiquiátricas severas como a pacientes ambulatorios con TEPT. Los pacientes atendidos son del sector público, de bajos recursos, algunos de los cuales presentan también causas judiciales por cometer hechos delictivos asociados a Trastornos Disociativos. Se presenta esta experiencia, la forma en que se instrumenta, el equipo que la forma, y la necesidad que se repliquen instancias similares en otros sectores de atención.

The lack of alternative for treatment with grave patients and the acknowledgment of traumatic situations as etiological or aggravating factors in their pathologies has generated the need for therapeutic responses to this population. This Poli-Clinic was trained in trauma treatment using EMDR in this Hospital that gives attention to residential patients with severe psychiatric pathologies as well as outpatients with PTSD. The patients were from the public sector, low income, some of whom presented with legal situations due to crimes committed associated to Dissociative Disorders. The experiment will be presented, how the training was administered, the instruments used and the need for replication of results in other sectors of attention.

Keywords: Police  Trauma  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

182. Calero, M. (2010, Octubre/Noviembre). Policlinica para el tratamiento del trauma con modelo EMDR en pacientes graves en el Hospital Psiquátrico Vilardebó de Montevideo, Uruguay [Poli-clinical treatment for trauma with EMDR in severe patients in a psychiatric hospital (Vilardebo) in Montevideu, Uruguay]. Presentada en el II Congreso Iberoamericano de EMDR y Psicotrauma, Quito, Ecuador.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
La falta de alternativas de tratamiento con pacientes graves y el reconocimiento de situaciones traumáticas como factores etiológicos o coadyuvantes de sus patologías, ha generado la necesidad de respuestas terapéuticas para esta población.Se instrumentó una Policlínica para el tratamiento del Trauma con el Modelo EMDR en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Vilardebó de Uruguay que da atención tanto a pacientes internados con patologías psiquiátricas severas como a pacientes ambulatorios con TEPT. Los pacientes atendidos son del sector público, de bajos recursos, algunos de los cuales presentan también causas judiciales por cometer hechos delictivos asociados a Trastornos Disociativos.Se presentará esta experiencia, la forma en que se instrumenta, el equipo que la forma, y la necesidad que se repliquen instancias similares en otros sectores de atención.

The lack of alternative for treatment with grave patients and the acknowledgment of traumatic situations as etiological or aggravating factors in their pathologies has generated the need for therapeutic responses to this population. This Poli-Clinic was trained in trauma treatment using EMDR in this Hospital that gives attention to residential patients with severe psychiatric pathologies as well as outpatients with PTSD. The patients were from the public sector, low income, some of whom presented with legal situations due to crimes committed associated to Dissociative Disorders. The experiment will be presented, how the training was administered, the instruments used and the need for replication of results in other sectors of attention.

Keywords: Hospital  Trauma  Montevideu, Uruguay  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

183. Sekhon, R. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder and treatment. Rose University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder and treatment Abstract: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have been estimated to affect about 8 to 9% of the world population. Research has shown that PTSD occurs in 25% of persons who have been exposed to a traumatic stressor. It has occurred in 35-92% of those who have experienced rape, 65% of those who have endured a nonsexual assault, and 30% of Vietnam veterans. In 1980, the definition of PTSD was created and counsellors were at a loss of how to treat this disorder. Presently, treatment for this disorder is still being developed. This paper conducts a literature review on therapies for PTSD and available studies of their effectiveness. Most psychotherapies for PTSD focus on the reprocessing of traumatic memory, through cognitive or exposure strategies. These treatments include various cognitive behavioural therapies such as exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), psychoanalytic, as well as multimodal combinations of therapies. Research has shown that some of these interventions have produced favourable results in providing relief of symptoms to victims of PTSD. The current discussion found that therapies such as cognitive and exposure have been successful in decreasing symptoms of PTSD; certain therapies were found to be more successful than others with clients who suffered from specific trauma-inducing events.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

184. Salvatore, R. P. (2009, May). Posttraumatic stress disorder: A treatable public health problem. Health and Social Work, 34(2), 153-155. doi:10.1093/hsw/34.2.153.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Clinical social workers need to be aware of the growing problem of untreated and under treated trauma in society. This is an especially important issue affecting our veteran population. However, most veterans do not ask for help with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms out of shame or fear that it will negatively affect their career advancement. There is a highly effective psychotherapeutic treatment called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) that works very quickly to end PTSD in clients. Veterans typically dislike talking to non veterans about their combat experience. One of the benefits of using EMDR (for patients and therapists) is that they do not have to talk about the details of their trauma for the EMDR process to work. During EMDR, the patient's brain heals itself and the therapist just needs to adhere to the EMDR protocol. In light of its effectiveness, it makes sense that all social workers should familiarize themselves with EMDR. The most clinical social workers should be trained in EMDR, as most of our clients have trauma histories. If the estimates of PTSD in veterans are accurate, we could save them and their families from years of suffering. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Commentary  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Social Casework  Treatment Effectiveness  Veterans  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

185. Zimmermann, E. (2010, June). The potential of EMDR in gynaecology and obstetrics: Special application with infertile women. In Female issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The author of this presentation works as psychologist and psychotherapist in a clinic in Fribourg/Switzerland in the department of gynecology and obstetrics. Various applications of EMDR are used, both in gynecologic and obstetrical outcomes. A special patient population, namely infertile women in search of becoming pregnant, are an important part of the work. The purpose of this presentation is to show the special approach that E. Zimmermann has developed by working with infertile women. Infertile women - in opposition to sterile women - are women with no apparent medical reason why they do not become pregnant. These infertile women often pass a particularly long and difficult phase to get pregnant. They are always disappointed by the repeated negative outcome of all their efforts to become pregnant. This is a very difficult phase in the life of the couple too, and not few couples separate during this phase. Especially women feel unable being a mother and their self-esteem is very low. This is why the author has developed a special application of EMDR to this population. The aim is to cope with the difficulties related to these different stages. Another purpose is preparing a desired and possible pregnancy. Women mostly have very different anamnesis, some also including trauma. They have in particular a personal pregnancy or non-pregnancy history, e.g. also abortion. In addition the medical assistance utilized for getting pregnant is quite different for every case. Lots of them end up by using fertilization techniques, which have a low chance of success. This makes it rather difficult for EMDR to treat these women i a standardized way. The author of this workshop has developed a flow-chart providing an concept of applying EMDR at different stages with different types of targets in order to compare the outcomes. By working with EMDR and infertile women, it appears that they become pregnant quicker than what the statistics predict. There are also women who become pregnant after working with EMDR before they start the fertility-program. This is why the author prepares a research study to try to figure out if the EMDR-process can have a positive impact on fertility.

Keywords: Female Issues  Gynecology  Infertility  Obstetrics  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

186. Korn, D., & Leeds, A. (2002, December). Preliminary evidence of efficacy for EMDR resource development and installation in the stabilization phase of treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1465-1487. doi:10.1002/jclp.10099.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article reviews the complexity of adaptation and symptomatology in adult survivors of childhood neglect and abuse who meet criteria for the proposed diagnosis of Complex PTSD, also known as Disorders of Extreme Stress, Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS). A specific EMDR protocol, Resource Development and Installation (RDI), is proposed as an effective intervention in the initial stabilization phase of treatment with Complex PTSD/DESNOS. Descriptive psychometric and behavioral outcome measures from two single case studies are presented which appear to support the use of RDI. Suggestions are offered for future treatment outcome research with this challenging population. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Child Abuse  Clinical Case Study  Complex Empirical Study  Females  Neglect  Postt traumatic Stress Disorder  Psychotherapeutic Processes  PTSD  Review  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

187. Cantelmi, T. (2010, Novembre). Prevalenza, incidenza e diagnosi differenziale dei disturbi da stress post-traumatici in oncologia [Prevalence, incidence and differential diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder in oncology]. Presentazione al "Convegno La psicotraumatologia Oncologica, Roma, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Il PTSD abbraccia una gamma ampia di fenomeni: dagli eventi naturali catastrofici, dalle violenze maltrattamenti ed abusi su bambini ed adulti ad altre forme di aggressioni fisiche, gravi malattie ed interventi chirurgici, gravi problemi nel lavoro, come il mobbing ed altro ancora. L prevalenza del PTSD oscilla tra l’1 ed il 9% della popolazione generale e può raggiungere il 50/60% in sottogruppi di soggetti esposti a traumi considerati di particolare gravità.. Tra i disturbi mentali conseguenti a traumi solo il PTSD è identificato dall’evento traumatico che in questo disturbo assume un ruolo specifico, tanto che la presenza di uno stressor a cui collegare i sintomi è l’elemento necessario per fare diagnosi. Si discute se lo stesso possa e debba sufficientemente essere rappresentato da un evento che ha le qualità per minacciare alla vita e qualità della vita di un soggetto o se sia identificabile esaurientemente con un vissuto soggettivo di impotenza che cambia l’adattamento della persona alla realtà in modo disfunzionale. Sembra comunque che la malattia oncologica e le sue fasi evolutive nonché i processi di guarigione che implica presentano occasioni ripetute per il paziente oncologico a rischio di traumatizzazione sia a causa delle circostanze oggettive che mettono in pericolo la qualità di vita della persona e la sua vita medesima, sia per le simbolizzazioni drammatiche che a volte essa può assumere nell’immaginario collettivo e soggettivo. Gli studi epidemiologici indicano come il PTSD interessi maggiormente il sesso femminile (11% vs 5% del sesso maschile) sulla cui prevalenza può anche influire il tipo di trauma (violenze e molestie sessuali, neglect ed abusi infantili vs. aggressioni fisiche, minacce con armi prigionia e rapimento negli uomini. IL PTSD rappresenta una sfida in psichiatria non solo in generale perché i sintomi che emergono sono diversi e sintetizzano una miscela di processi sociali, biologici e psicologici, ma anche soprattutto in oncologia perché esiste una vasta gamma di sintomi dello spettro post-traumatico, come ad esempio i disturbi dell’adattamento, ma si è spesso in presenza di un PTSD sottosoglia difficilmente discriminabile anche agli occhi di esperti preparati. Così possiamo intendere i disturbi dell’adattamento come tutte quelle manifestazioni in cui, in assenza di vulnerabilità individuale, un evento stressante, ad esempio la diagnosi di cancro ed i trattamenti ad essa legati, rappresenta il fattore causale ed esclusivo di insorgenza dei sintomi, che si presume non sarebbero altrimenti occorsi. Essi influiscono negativamente sull’adattamento del soggetto alla malattia e sul funzionamento psicofisico generale. I sintomi possono essere rappresentati da reazioni depressive, reazioni d’ansia o miste (ansioso-depressive), reazioni con altri aspetti emozionali (irritabilità, aggressività labilità emotiva) o con disturbi della condotta (comportamenti inadeguati). Importante risulta la diagnosi differenziale con i disturbi d’ansia e depressivi. I disturbi dell’adattamento rappresentano i quadri di sofferenza psicologica più frequentemente diagnosticabili nei pazienti con cancro, avendo una prevalenza del 30-35%. I sintomi sottosoglia possono rappresentare invece i prodromi di una sindrome conclamata oppure i sintomi residui di un PTSD in remissione parziale. E’ importante volgere l’attenzione ai PTSD in oncologia, alla diagnosi differenziale con altri tipi di disagi psicooncologici, ed in particolare alla peculiarità, gravità cronicità del quadro clinico per la possibilità di attuare una prevenzione efficace prima che il disturbo insorga o si strutturi, e per le potenzialità di comprensione di alcuni meccanismi di funzionamento cerebrale che creano un ponte fra psicologico e biologico.

The PTSD embraces a wide range of phenomena: from natural catastrophic events, from violence and abuse, ill-treatment of children and adults with other forms of physical assaults, serious illness and surgery, severe problems in the work, such as bullying and more. The prevalence of PTSD ranges between 1 and 9% of the general population and can reach 50/60% in subgroups of subjects exposed to trauma considered particularly serious .. Among the mental disorders resulting from trauma, PTSD is identified only by the traumatic event that in this disorder takes on a specific role, so that the presence of a stressor that link symptoms is a necessary element to diagnose. It was discussed whether the same can and should be sufficiently represented by an event that has the quality to threaten the life and quality of life of an individual, or whether it is fully identifiable with a subjective experience of powerlessness that changes to adapt to the reality of the person in dysfunctional way. It seems that the oncological disease and its evolutionary phases as well as the healing process that involves repeated opportunities to present the cancer patient at risk of trauma and because of objective circumstances that endanger the quality of life of the person and his life itself , both for the dramatic symbolization that sometimes it can take in the collective and subjective. Epidemiological studies indicate that PTSD interests most of the women (11% vs. 5% of males) on the prevalence of which may also affect the type of trauma (violence and sexual harassment, child abuse and neglect Vs. Physical attacks, threats with weapons imprisonment and kidnapping in men. IL PTSD represents a challenge in psychiatry not only in general because the symptoms that emerge are different and synthesize a mixture of social processes, biological and psychological, but also especially in oncology because there exists a wide range of symptoms spectrum post-traumatic, such such as adjustment disorders, but it is often in the presence of a subthreshold PTSD hardly discriminated even in the eyes of experts prepared. So we can understand the adjustment disorders like all those events where, in the absence of individual vulnerability, a stressful event, such as the diagnosis of cancer and the treatments associated with it, is the causal factor and exclusive of onset of symptoms, which it is assumed would not otherwise have occurred. They have a negative impact on the adaptation of the subject to physical and mental illness and the general operation. Symptoms may be represented by depressive reactions, anxiety reactions or mixed (anxious-depressive), reactions with other aspects of emotional (irritability, aggressiveness, emotional lability) or conduct disorder (inappropriate behavior). Important results in the differential diagnosis of anxiety disorders and depression. The adjustment disorders represent the paintings of psychological distress more frequently diagnosed in patients with cancer, having a prevalence of 30-35%. The subthreshold symptoms may instead represent the beginnings of a full-blown syndrome or residual symptoms of PTSD in partial remission. It 'important to turn our attention to PTSD in oncology, the differential diagnosis with other types of inconvenience psicooncologici, and in particular to the peculiarities, chronicity, severity of the clinical picture for the possibility of implementing effective prevention before the disorder arises or is structured, and the potential of understanding of some mechanisms of brain function that create a bridge between psychological and biological.

Keywords: Cancer  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PSTD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

188. Monticelli, M. L. (2008, Novembre). Psicoterapia cognitivo costruttivista e EMDR integrati: verso un’evoluzione mente-corpo consapevole e collettiva [Cognitive constructivist EMDR integrated into development mind-body awareness and collective]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
I limiti mentali autoimposti acquisiti da copioni familiari reiterati in età evolutiva e da modelli operativi interiori acquisiti dalle autorità societarie attraverso mezzi di comunicazione di massa e regole educativo-lavorative, inducono percentuali sempre più rilevanti della popolazione europea alla vulnerabilità psicopatologica. L’esordio delle sintomatologie psichiche e somatiche di varia entità, avviene già in fasi precoci, nella primissima infanzia e spesso già nelle fasi prenatali, e il limite di età tende percentualmente a essere sempre più sensibile fin dal primo mese di vita. In età scolare si manifestano situazioni comportamentali quali il cosiddetto “bullismo” e fenomeni con campionature rilevanti di sindromi ipercinetiche con deficit attentivo e disturbi del-l’apprendimento. In adolescenza il contesto si complica e gli attacchi di panico, le sindromi depressive e i disturbi alimentari psicogeni dilagano, fino all’esordio di disturbi post-traumatici da stress che si incrementano in seguito alle difficili scelte di orientamento universitario o lavorativo. La vulnerabilità dell’età adulta si manifesta con disturbi somatoformi di diversa natura, disturbi psicocardiologici, sindromi ansioso-depressive, attacchi di panico, disturbi di coppia e relazionali, per citare i più frequenti e limitandomi solo ad accennare l’esistenza della molteplicità di disturbi iatrogeni. In tali soggetti, la consapevolezza di essere indotti in stati di shock che incrementano molteplici disturbi somatoformi e psicopatologici è praticamente assente. Essi, come pazienti, si rivolgono agli specialisti in ambito sanitario con la convinzione, spesso indotta da propagande dei mass-media, che tutto sia solo genetico, e vada "curato" con farmaci per lunghi periodi se non per tutta la vita. Anche da parte degli operatori sanitari vi sono ampie aree di inadeguatezza metodologica: ad esempio, la gravidanza viene gestita come fosse una malattia, riducendo la donna partoriente a una paziente alla quale troppo facilmente si “consiglia” il parto cesareo (statisticamente tra i più frequenti in Italia!) come metodo “veloce e sicuro” di parto, togliendo la competenza materna dell’imprinting alla nascita del bambino con le conseguenze psicologiche che ne derivano per la relazione madre-bambino e per la crescita serena di quest’ultimo, e, sempre a titolo esemplificativo, ignorano quasi del tutto gli aspetti di psicocardiologia, e il loro intervento si riduce a esami medici invasivi e a somministrazione di farmaci. Eppure, la psicoterapia cognitiva costruttivista, e specificamente modelli teorici e tecniche strategiche specialistiche note come EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), l’utilizzo di biofeedback, l’innovativo training emotivo-cognitivo-comportamentale da me ideato nelle due versioni per la psicoterapia e per i gruppi in formazione che incrementa il riconoscimento emotivo e l’implementazione di immagini mentali idonee a modificare cognizioni e comportamenti irrazionali, quando eticamente e competentemente applicati, fanno molto per questi pazienti, sia in quanto si incrementa sensibilmente il livello della loro consapevolezza e della loro capacità di farsi protagonisti nel-l'evoluzione positiva della loro “guarigione”, sia in quanto si può intervenire in modo mirato con sperimentati protocolli per la risoluzione dello stato di trauma psichico in tempi ragionevolmente rapidi e con risultati attendibili e verificabili. Passando dalla dimensione individuale a quella collettiva, ossia alla psicopatologia collettiva cagionata dall’esposizione (anche solo mediatica) ad eventi catastrofici o angoscianti (magari associati a senso di impotenza, insicurezza, precarietà) o a diversi tipi di stress e vulnerabilità, possiamo aggiungere che, analogamente, mediante un lavoro su sistemi di neuroni specchio e sull'attivazione di nuove connessioni di reti neurali con un modello operativo non invasivo, si potrebbe migliorare la condizione di intere popolazioni rispetto a disturbi che, oggettivamente, sono in continua diffusione. Sarebbe opportuno iniziare una sensibilizzazione collettiva partendo dalla formazione per livelli differenziati degli operatori educativi e sanitari, per poi estenderla alla popolazione suddividendola per fasce di età e per territori di appartenenza; purtroppo la consapevolezza non è tra le aspettative primarie di committenti rivolti solo al profitto economico. In un contesto storico-culturale dove l’etica, le relazioni umane, la cooperazione sembrano utopiche fiabe, questa è la sfida di essere una perturbatrice emotivamente orientata ad amplificare la consapevolezza attraverso un nuovo modello psicoterapeutico e formativo integrato, al quale sto lavorando da alcuni anni con risultati incoraggianti e che sarà mia premura esporre dettagliatamente durante il Congresso EMDR 2008.

The self-imposed mental limitations acquired from family scripts repeated age and developmental models inner acquired by the company operating through means of mass communication and educational and working rules, induce percentage increasing as the population of Europe vulnerability to psychopathology. The onset of symptoms of various psychological and somatic entity, is already in the early stages, in early childhood and often known during prenatal and age limit percentage tends to be more sensitive since the first month of life. Age school behavioral situations occur where the so-called "bullying" and phenomena samples relevant syndromes of attention-deficit and hyperactive disorder - learning. In adolescence the context is complicated and panic attacks, the syndromes psychogenic depression and eating disorders are rampant, until onset of post-traumatic disorders stress which increases as a result of difficult choices of university or business orientation. The vulnerability of adulthood is manifested by different types of somatoform disorders, disorders psycho, anxious-depressive syndrome, panic attacks, disorders of torque and relational to cite the most frequent is limited only to mention the existence of multiplicity of disorders iatrogenic. In these subjects, conscious of being led into a state of shock that increase multiple somatoform disorders and psychopathology is virtually absent. They, like patients, addressed to specialists in the health field with the belief, often driven by propaganda media, that everything is just genetic, and must be "cured" with drugs for long periods if not for life. Including by health workers there are large areas of inadequacy methodological: for example, pregnancy is managed as if it were a disease, reducing the woman in labor to a patient which too easily "advise" Caesarean (statistically the most frequent in Italy!) as a method of "fast and safe childbirth, removing the competence of imprinting the birth mother of the child with the psychological consequences that entailed for the mother-child and to the peaceful growth of the latter, and, also example, know little about the aspects of psycho, and their intervention reduces to invasive medical examinations and medication. Yet, cognitive psychotherapy constructivist theoretical models and specific strategic and technical specialists known as EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), the use of biofeedback, the innovative emotional-cognitive-behavioral training which I designed in two versions for psychotherapy and groups in training that increases the emotional recognition and implementation of mental images likely to change, knowledge and irrational behavior, when ethically and competently applied, do a lot for these patients, both because it increases significantly the level of their awareness and their ability to get players in - the positive development of their "healing", both as it can intervene in a targeted manner with tested protocols for the resolution of the state of psychic trauma in the reasonably rapid and reliable and verifiable results. Moving from individual dimension to that collective, that is caused by exposure to psychopathology group (even the media) to distressing or catastrophic event (perhaps associated with the sense of powerlessness, insecurity, instability) or different types of stress and vulnerability, we can add that, similarly, through a work on systems of mirror neurons and activation of new connections of neural networks with a model operating non-invasive, it could improve the condition of entire populations than disorders that, objectively, are in constant circulation. It would be appropriate to start a collective awareness levels, starting from training differential operators' education and health, then extend it to the population divides by age and territories belonging unfortunately the awareness is not between the expectations primary principals addressed only in profit or loss. In a historical-cultural context where ethics, human relations, cooperation seem utopian fairy tales, this is the challenge of being an emotionally disturbing oriented to amplify the awareness through a new model of psychotherapy and integrated training, which I working for several years with encouraging results and that will spell out my readiness EMDR 2008 during the Congress.

Keywords: Mind-Body Awareness  Poster  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

189. Carruth, B. (2006). Psychological trauma and addiction treatment. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Important reading for current and future addictions treatment clinicians--this book synthesizes and integrates the expanding body of knowledge about combined trauma/addiction treatment to specifically address the needs of clinicians in addiction treatment environments Here, in a single source, is an essential overview of trauma treatment for people in addiction treatment settings. Psychological Trauma and Addiction Treatment presents specific methodologies and techniques for clients in inpatient and outpatient addiction/mental health settings. The contributors--leading clinicians and researchers in the field--provide a comprehensive set of scientific treatment approaches addressing a broad spectrum of trauma disorders. Psychological Trauma and Addiction Treatment brings you up-to-date, authoritative coverage of: The dynamics of co-occurring psychological trauma and addiction All of the primary treatment frameworks currently utilized in trauma treatment Treatment frameworks that take gender into account Cognitive therapies in treating these co-occurring disorders The role of psychodynamic psychotherapies in treatment Attachment disorders and their relation to trauma and addiction treatment EMDR as a treatment for traumatized addicts The psychoneurology of trauma and the implications of psychoneurology in addictions and trauma treatment How self-help groups can contribute to and limit recovery for psychologically traumatized clients Forgiveness therapy as an adjunct to trauma treatment Counselor self-care for those who work with this client population Ultimately, this is a book of hope. Every author in this text has a firm belief that people with co-occurring trauma and addiction can recover, can maintain quality relationships, can confront life's challenges as they arise, and can be happy and fulfilled. Psychological Trauma and Addiction Treatment is designed as essential reading for entry-level and experienced addiction counselors, social workers, professional counselors, psychologists, and others working in the trauma treatment field.

Keywords: Pratice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

190. van Loey, N. E. E., & van Son, M. J. M. (2003). Psychopathology and psychological problems in patients with burn scars:  Epidemiology and management. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 4(4), 245-272.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Burn injury is often a devastating event with long-term physical and psychosocial effects. Burn scars after deep dermal injury are cosmetically disfiguring and force the scarred person to deal with an alteration in body appearance. In addition, the traumatic nature of the burn accident and the painful treatment may induce psychopathological responses. Depression and PTSD, which are prevalent in 13-23% and 13-45% of cases, respectively, have been the most common areas of research in burn patients. Risk factors related to depression are pre-burn depression and female gender in combination with facial disfigurement. Risk factors related to PTSD are pre-burn depression, type and severity of baseline symptoms, anxiety related to pain, and visibility of burn injury. Neuropsychological problems are also described, mostly associated with electrical injuries. Social problems include difficulties in sexual life and social interactions. Quality of life initially seems to be lower in burn patients compared with the general population. Problems in the mental area are more troublesome than physical problems. Over a period of many years, quality of life was reported to be rather good. Mediating variables such as low social support, emotion and avoidant coping styles, and personality traits such as neuroticism and low extraversion, negatively affect adjustment after burn injury. Few studies of psychological treatments in burn patients are available. From general trauma literature, it is concluded that cognitive (behavioral) and pharmacological (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) interventions have a positive effect on depression. With respect to PTSD, exposure therapy and eye movement reprocessing and desensitization [EMDR] are successful. Psychological debriefing aiming to prevent chronic post-trauma reactions has not, thus far, shown a positive effect in burn patients. Treatment of problems in the social area includes cognitive-behavioral therapy, social skills training, and community interventions. Sexual health promotion and counseling may decrease problems in sexual life. In conclusion, psychopathology and psychological problems are identified in a significant minority of burn patients. Symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders (of which PTSD is one) should be the subject of screening in the post-burn phase and treated if indicated. A profile of the patient at risk, based on pre-injury factors such as pre-morbid psychiatric disorder and personality characteristics, peri-traumatic factors and post-burn factors, is presented. Finally, objective characteristics of disfigurement appear to play a minor role, although other factors, such as proneness to shame, body image problems, and lack of self-esteem, may be of significance. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Burns  Comorbidity  Epidemiology  Literature Review  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Predisposition  PTSD  Survivors  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

191. Pham, T., & Willocq, L. (2005, June). Psychopathy and traumatic stress in a forensic hospital. In Research Issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
It often has been theorized that psychopaths have a fundamental deficit with respect to emotions (Cleckley, 1976). They would be unable to experiment acute emotional reactions, like posttraumatic stress. The study compares posttraumatic stress between psychopaths and non psychopaths. as defined by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist (1991). The specific contribution of factor 1 (narcissistic characteristics) and factor 2 (behavioral characteristics) of psychopathy is analysed. The population includes 44 Belgian male offenders coming from a forensic hospital. Traumatic stress is assessed by the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire ISASRQ (Cardena, Classen, Koopman, & Spiegel, 1996). The authors will discuss the therapeutic implications.

Keywords: Forensic Hospital  Research  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

192. Adler-Nevo, G., & Manassis, K. (2005, September). Psychosocial treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: The neglected field of single-incident trauma. Depression and Anxiety, 22(4), 177-189. doi:10.1002/da.20123.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Despite the prevalence of childhood trauma, studies regarding psychotherapy for children suffering from PTSD are scarce, especially regarding the treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. Treatment practices for this population rely mainly on the paradigms of therapy for adult PTSD and pediatric PTSD following sexual abuse. This review outlines the studies published in the last 10 years pertaining to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. This is done in the context of available literature on the paradigms mentioned above. Of 742 articles dealing with treatment of pediatric trauma, 10 were found relevant to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. The modalities of treatment most frequently reported in this context were cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and play therapy. As a whole, CBT studies were methodologically more rigorous, used manualized, reproducible treatment, and were group, school-based therapies. EMDR treatments were usually short and individual. Most studies showed statistically significant improvement but were still methodologically lacking. We conclude that research on the subject of treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma constitutes a neglected part of the study of pediatric PTSD. This stands in contrast to the obvious prevalence of this type of trauma. We encourage future research that will address issues such as clarifying the role of pharmacotherapy, comparing different modes of treatment, dismantling treatment "packages", researching developmentally sensitive treatments, conducting long-term follow-up, and comparing different PTSD populations. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents  Case Studies  Cognitive Therapy  Literature Review  Pediatric  Play Therapy  Psychotherapy  Review  School Age Children  PTSD  Stressors  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

193. Sherman, C. (2004, June). Psychotherapy may offer more benefits for PTSD. Clinical Psychiatry News, 32(6), 20.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
New York — In what was described as the first direct comparison of biologic and psychosocial treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, both modalities were effective in this patient population. [Elsevier]

Keywords: Practice  Theory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

194. Calero, M., & Cutinella, L. (2012, June). Psychotraumatologic hospitalary unit for severe psychiatric patients and EMDR [Una unidad de psicotraumatología para el tratamiento con EMDR de pacientes psiquiátricos graves en un hospital público]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Psichotraumatology is a discipline that has had a rapid development in recent years and their knowledge has become indispensable for the treatment of severe psychiatric illness. In our country, Uruguay, South America, in a public psychiatric hospital unit, is being developed a clinic for treatment of patients with simple and complex PTSD with EMDR with promising results. We serve a population of very low-­‐income patients. Some of them are hospitalized for crimes committed during psychiatric decompensation (theft, murder, violation) We will present the basics for creating such unit in a psychiatric treatment setting as well as our work with hospital inpatients and outpatients . EMDR turns out to be a first line psychotherapeutic approach for these patients.

La psicotraumatología es una disciplina que ha experimentado un desarrollo muy rápidos en los últimos años hasta el punto de que se ha hecho indispensable contar con conocimientos al respecto para el tratamiento de las enfermedades psiquiátricos graves. En nuestro país, Uruguay, Sudamérica se está desarrollando una clínica dentro de una unidad de psiquiatría perteneciente a un hospital público para el tratamiento de pacientes con TEPT simple y complejo con EMDR y con resultados prometedores. Servimos a una población de pacientes de rentas muy bajas. Algunos están hospitalizados por crímenes cometidos durante un episodio de descompensación psiquiátrica (robo, asesinato, violación). Presentaremos las consideraciones básicas para crear una unidad de estas características en el entorno terapéutico psiquiátrico junto con nuestro trabajo con pacientes ingresados y ambulatorios. Resulta que EMDR es un planteamiento psicoterapéutico de primera línea para estos pacientes.

Keywords: Psychotraumatologic Hospitalary Unit  Severe Mental Disorders  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

195. Calero, M. (2011, November). Psychotraumatologic unit for the treatment of severe psychiatric patients in a public hospital in Uruguay. Presentation at the 28th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Montreal, Quebec.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In Uruguay, South America, in a public psychiatric hospital unit, a clinic has been developed for the treatment of patients with simple and complex PTSD with promising results. As an example, we can mention a patient with a diagnosis of brain injury with a poor outcome who turned out to have a severe dissociative disorder, and who had a favorable evolution with the right treatment. The population treated is very poor and heterogeneous. Some patients are hospitalized for crimes commited during psychiatric decompensation (theft, murder, rape). This paper will present the basics for creating such unit in a psychiatric treatment setting and describe the work with such difficult hospital inpatients and outpatients. In South American countries it is very hard to develop specific psychiatric care units in public hospitals because patients psychological problems also have serious social and economic problems. The theorical approach in the clinic is cognitive behavioral and EMDR, based on the fact that psychotraumatology is a discipline that has had a rapid development in recent years and its knowledge has become indispensable for the treatment of severe psychiatric illness.

Keywords: Psychotraumatologic Unit  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Public Hospitals  Uruguay  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

196. Mevissen, L., & de Jongh, A. (2010). PTSD and its treatment in people with intellectual disabilities: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychological Review, 30(3), 308-316. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.12.005.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Although there is evidence to suggest that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are likely to suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), reviews of the evidence base, and the potential consequences of this contention are absent. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive account of the literature on prevalence, assessment, and treatment of PTSD in people with ID. Some support was found for the notion that people with ID have a predisposition to the development of PTSD. Differences in comparison with the general population may consist of the expression of symptoms, and the interpretation of distressing experiences, as the manifestation of possible PTSD seems to vary with the level of ID. Since reliable and valid instruments for assessing PTSD in this population are completely lacking, there are no prevalence data on PTSD among people with ID. Nine articles involve treatment of PTSD in people with ID. Interventions reported involve those aimed to establish environmental change, the use of medication and psychological treatments (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy, EMDR and psychodynamic based treatments). Case reports suggest positive treatment effects for various treatment methods. Development of diagnostic instruments for assessment of PTSD symptomatology in this population is required, as it could facilitate further research on its prevalence and treatment. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Assessment  Intellectual disability (ID)  Learning Disabilities  Mental retardation (MR)  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)  Prevalence  Psychological trauma  Trauma treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

197. St-André, E. (2007, June). PTSD secondary to Fournier's grangrene: 1-Comparison of two eye modalities, 2-Legal and ethical issues. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
G. G., a man in his mid 30s was brought to medico-legal service to assess fitness to stand trial, and criminal responsibility, after a brief appearance in court: He was charged with death threats.
G. G. was quite angry about his situation, and argumentative against health and justice systems. Physically, he was short stature, extremely lean, his body was leaning forward.
He was living alone, has a girl of thirteen, which he saw once in a while.
He was not working for few years, after two major events; he lost his garage after a huge fire (from which he escaped alive and safe), and was few months earlier, found almost dead by a neighbor. Brought to the hospital, he had more than ten surgeries in a few days, to lance many wound, as he as suffering of Fournier’s disease. He was left with his body leaning forward about 45 degrees, 4 cm thick scar around his abdomen, a severely deformed genitalia, and chronic pain. Another surgery was performed later which permitted the man to be less leaned forward.
Before those events, he wasn’t known from psychiatry. He had a life that he considered, “okay,” even though he was separated. He has his own garage, a social life. He admitted some alcohol and drugs use in the past. After the illness and the fire, he was seen more often in psychiatry. Specialists concluded from time to time to chronic adjustment disorder, and drug addiction, and oriented him to resources for his problem. No follow-up in psychiatry.
G. G. was so much in pain that he took cocaine repeatedly for few minutes’ relief.
With this story and symptoms description, severe PTSD diagnosis was made and treatment initiated accordingly, with introduction of ISRS, and later, seroquel, to decrease dissociative episode he was still experimenting. With informed consent, we had three sessions of EMI, which helped him in various ways; The nightmares decreased of 50%, after the first treatment, he was less angry and afraid of hospital and care, and was more in control of dissociative episodes. Sleep improved, so did his mood. He was eve able to go for correction of his deformed genitalia. Even though still on medication, he felt that the therapy helped him much to recover. After his discharge and end of court process, he was able to go back home. We were at the time unable to do more treatments, as he was involved in his physical rehabilitation. He had at least 2 other reconstructive surgeries.
This case allows discussion about similarities, pros and cons of EMI and EMDR, in their theories and practice. More importantly, this case raises important ethical and legal questions about adequate diagnosis and treatment of PTSF which include powerful tools as EMDR. This tool is yet relatively unknown from general population, and available mainly (in Quebec, Canada) through private facilities. From ethical standpoint, it should be more readily available – without fees – in public services.

Keywords: Case Report  Ethical Issues  Fournier's Gangrene  Legal Issues  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

198. Bloomgarden, A., & Calogero, R. M. (2008, October-December). A randomized experimental test of the efficacy of EMDR treatment on negative body image in eating disorder inpatients. Eating Disorders, 16(5), 418-427. doi:10.1080/10640260802370598.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is being used by some clinicians to treat eating disorders. Although there is anecdotal and case study data supporting its use, there are no controlled studies examining its effectiveness with this population. This study examined the short and long-term effects of EMDR in a residential eating disorders population. A randomized, experimental design compared 43 women receiving standard residential eating disorders treatment (SRT) to 43 women receiving SRT and EMDR therapy (SRT+EMDR) on measures of negative body image and other clinical outcomes. SRT+EMDR reported less distress about negative body image memories and lower body dissatisfaction at posttreatment, 3-month, and 12-month follow-up, compared to SRT. Additional comparisons revealed no differences between the conditions pre to posttreatment on other measures of body image and clinical outcomes. The empirical evidence reported here suggests that EMDR may be used to treat specific aspects of negative body image in conjunction with SRT, but further research is necessary to determine whether or not EMDR is effective for treating the variety of eating pathology presented by eating disorder inpatients.

Keywords: Clinicians  Eating Disorders  Eating Disorder Inpatients  Negative Body Image  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

199. Vickerman, K. A., & Margolin, G. (2009, July). Rape treatment outcome research: Empirical findings and state of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(5), 431-448. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.004.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article reviews empirical support for treatments targeting women sexually assaulted during adolescence or adulthood. 32 articles were located using data from 20 separate samples. Of the 20 samples, 12 targeted victims with chronic symptoms, 3 focused on the acute period post-assault, 2 included women with chronic and acute symptoms, and 3 were secondary prevention programs. The majority of studies focus on PTSD, depression, and/or anxiety as treatment targets. Cognitive Processing Therapy and Prolonged Exposure have garnered the most support with this population. Stress Inoculation Training and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing also show some efficacy. Of the 4 studies that compared active treatments, few differences were found. Overall, cognitive behavioral interventions lead to better PTSD outcomes than supportive counseling does. However, even in the strongest treatments more than one-third of women retain a PTSD diagnosis at post-treatment or drop out of treatment. Discussion highlights the paucity of research in this area, methodological limitations of examined studies, generalizability of findings, and important directions for future research at various stages of trauma recovery. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Cognitive Therapy  Drug Therapy  Epidemiology  Exposure Therapy  Females  Literature Review  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Psychotherapy  PTSD  Rape  Survivors  Treatment  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

200. Cybela, D., & Karger, B. (2005, September). Removing internal barriers to leadership – An EMDR performance enhancement program. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A Performance Enhancement Program using EMDRA can be an effective leadership development tool. The issue of management related stress was explored as a roadblock to effective leadership. APEX, LLC, in partnership wit Marathon County, has created an innovative package for leadership development, which has demonstrated positive results in improving the participants' self-confidence, optimism, and social skills in the work setting, along with reducing overall job stress. The program incorporates EMDR and a non-clinical personality to assess the individual's coping style for managing stress in the workplace. Specific strategies for identifying negative and positive cognitions unique to this population are noted.

Keywords: Job Stress  Management Related Stress  Performance Enhancement  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

201. Fay, J., Kamena, M. D., Benner, A., & Buscho, A. (2006, September). A residential milieu treatment approach for first-responder trauma. Traumatology, 12(3), 255-262. doi:10.1177/1534765606294991.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
First responders, which include police officers, firefighters, correctional officers, emergency medical technicians, and dispatchers, face unique challenges in dealing with and recovering from critical incidents. In their work with emergency responders at the West Coast Post-Trauma Retreat (WCPR), the authors have found that short-term residential treatment is an effective treatment component. In this article, the authors discuss the WCPR residential treatment model.

Keywords: First Responders  Peer Support  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Residential Treatment  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

202. Lansing, K. (2013, September). The rite of return: Coming back from duty-induced PTSD. High Ground Press.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
The Rite of Return: Coming Back from Duty-Induced PTSD is written for men and women in law enforcement, first response, and the military who are struggling with duty-induced PTSD. In a field-guide format, it presents an overview of a proven treatment approach adapted specifically for this population. The book offers clear teaching on PTSD and its effects on the brain. It also provides practical training in containment techniques for increased control of symptoms and motivation for battling the tendency to isolate. The successful case outcomes described throughout the book give substantive hope for recovery from PTSD. The message throughout is that duty-induced PTSD cannot be resolved in isolation or by reading self-help books. The author’s depth of knowledge and scope of experience evident in every chapter draws the reader confidently into places where the clinical generalist cannot tread. Karen Lansing’s understanding of duty-induced PTSD goes beyond a simply clinical perspective. She has been trained in public order, ridden extensively on patrol, done 48-hour tours of duty with firefighters, and has resided and trained alongside special weapons teams on military bases. She has “kitted up” and been stuck into flashpoint sectors in “exotic places” with tactical advisors in troubled regions. The benefits emerging from that cross-pollination of disciplines are apparent in the author’s respect and understanding of the specific clinical needs of Warriors and Rescuers. It's seen in her identification of and clinical protocol for the treatment of a rare but deadly post-shooting symptom that she refers to as transitory shooter's apraxia. The benefits are also clearly seen in the clinical outcomes of those featured in this book. The Rite of Return presents a powerful argument that PTSD need not lead to an end of mission or tour of duty, or to a lifelong injury. Instead, case account after case account indicates that Lansing's treatment approach leads to quite the opposite: officers consistently emerging stronger. These outcomes are confirmed throughout the book by the testimony of SPECT brain images before and after treatment. Accompanying them are accounts of subjects after treatment responding successfully to incidents very similar to those that had culminated in their PTSD. These unsung heroes recovered, becoming more competent, more tactically skilled and more mentally resilient than they had been prior to its time-limited, but significant, intrusion into their lives. Reading between the lines of this book, it's apparent that careers and lives have been saved because of the author’s innovative approach. Her only regret is that so many have been lost to the devastation of untreated or ill-treated, duty-induced PTSD. The publication of The Rite of Return couldn’t be better timed.

Keywords: Containment Techniques  Duty-Induced PTSD  Military  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Transitory Shooter's Apraxia  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

203. Marshall, T. A. (2002). The role of gaze behavior in eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR): Application to an elite athlete population. University of Calgary. AAT MQ76239.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Keywords: Athletes  Gaze Behavior  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

204. Najavits, L. (2004, September). Seeking safety:  A stabilization therapy for PTSD and substance abuse. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Montreal, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The goal of this presentation is to describe current state-of-the-art knowledge about the treatment of patients with the dual diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse, a population that is typically considered "difficult to treat" We will cover background on PTSD (including rates, the “typical case”, models and stages of treatment, clinical dilemmas, and gender issues) and clinical interventions for PTSD and substance abuse (including demonstration of specific treatment strategies, assessment tools, and community resources).

Keywords: PTSD  Substance Abuse  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

205. Gerge, A. (2012, June). Seven ways to extend the EMDR-protocol based in clinical hypnosis for clients with complex dissociative disorders [Siete maneras de extender el protocolo EMDR basadas en hipnosis clínica para pacientes con trastornos disociativos complejos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clients with complex dissociative disorders usually are in trauma-­‐ induced wake trance-­‐states. Due to this, they might thrive from treatment-­‐ strategies, where skills in clinical hypnosis, from the side of the therapists, are added to the treatment model. Clinical hypnosis also offers excellent tools for working with attachment traumas and reinstalls the neuroception of safety. This workshop highlights seven strategies for extending the EMDR standard protocol, mainly built on clinical hypnosis. They consist of: (1) Formal hypnotic induction of safe place/safe state BEFORE introducing EMDR under phase I treatment (2) Informal hypnotic induction for ongoing activation of the social engagement system when clients are in trance (3) Using hyper-­‐empirical trance inductions under exposure phase (ie helping the clients to stay present with dual awareness by continuously inducing trance, thus helping them to titrate the trauma-­‐material (4) Addressing ego-­‐states that react as if they still are bound in trauma-­‐time (5) Addressing resource-­‐rich ego-­‐states and parts of the self, f ex ISH (internal self-­‐ helper), thus helping the client to begin to metabolize the trauma material (6) Installation of hope and the “memory of the future” (7) Using post-­‐hypnotic suggestions for enhancing the neuroception of safety between sessions. Learning objectives: Demonstrate how to use EMDR and hypnosis for stabilization and work with parts within phase II work, addressing the special needs of continuous stabilization for this population. Develop an understanding of how to enhance the integrative capacity during trauma-­‐work with DD-­‐clients. Apply structured techniques and rationales for calming and soothing patients related to their integrative capacity during extended EMDR-­‐work.

Los clientes con trastornos disociativos complejos normalmente se encuentran en estados de trance despierto inducido por el trauma. Debido a esto, pueden crecer rápidamente de estrategias de tratamiento, donde estrategias de hipnosis clínica se añaden al modelo de tratamiento por parte del terapeuta. La hipnosis clínica ofrece también excelentes herramientas para trabajar con traumas de apego y reinstalar la neurocepción de seguridad. Este taller subraya siete estrategias para extender el protocolo estándar de EMDR, principalmente basadas en la hipnosis clínica. Consisten en: (1) Inducción hipnótica formal del lugar seguro/ estado de seguridad ANTES de introducir la fase I de tratamiento de EMDR (2) Inducción hipnótica informal para la activación continuada de los sistemas de compromiso social cuando los clientes están en trance (3) Uso de inducciones al trance hiper-­‐empíricas en la fase de exposición (ej, ayudar a los clientes a estar presentes con conciencia dual mediante la inducción continua al trance, por tanto ayudándoles a valorar el material traumático. (4) Dirigirse a los estados del ego que reaccionan como si aún estuviesen atados al tiempo traumático (5) Dirigirse a estados del ego ricos en recursos y a partes del yo, por ejemplo, al ISH (en inglés yo-­‐interno ayudante), por tanto ayudando al cliente a empezar a metabolizar el material traumático (6) Instalación de esperanza y la “memoria de futuro” (7) Usando sugestión post-­‐hipnótica para fomentar la neurocepción de seguridad entre sesiones. Objetivos de aprendizaje: Demostrar cómo usar EMDR e hipnosis para estabilizar y trabajar con las partes en el trabajo de la fase II, dirigiéndonos a las necesidades especiales de estabilización continua para esta población. Desarrollar un entendimiento de cómo fomentar la capacidad integrativa cuando se trabaja el trauma con clientes-­‐DD. Aplicación de técnicas estructuradas y racionales para calmar y tranquilizar a los pacientes en relación con su capacidad integrativa durante trabajo extendido con EMDR.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders  Hypnosis  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

206. Gerge, A. (2012, June). Seven ways to extend the EMDR-protocol based in clinical hypnosis for clients with complex dissociative disorders [Siete maneras de extender el protocolo EMDR basadas en hipnosis clínica para pacientes con trastornos disociativos complejos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clients with complex dissociative disorders usually are in trauma-induced wake trance-states. Due to this, they might thrive from treatment-strategies, where skills in clinical hypnosis, from the side of the therapists, are added to the treatment model. Clinical hypnosis also offers excellent tools for working with attachment traumas and reinstalls the neuroception of safety. This workshop highlights seven strategies for extending the EMDR standard-protocol, mainly built on clinical hypnosis. They consist of: 1. Formal hypnotic induction of safe place/safe state BEFORE introducing EMDR under phase I treatment. 2. Informal hypnotic induction for ongoing activation of the social engagement system when clients are in trance. 3. Using hyper-empirical trance inductions under exposure phase (ie helping the clients to stay present with dual awareness by continuously inducing trance, thus helping them to titrate the trauma-material. 4. Addressing ego-states that react as if they still are bound in trauma-time. 5. Addressing resource-rich ego-states and parts of the self, f ex ISH (internal self-helper), thus helping the client to begin to metabolize the trauma material. 6. Installation of hope and the “memory of the future”. 7. Using post-hypnotic suggestions for enhancing the neuroception of safety between sessions. Learning objectives: Demonstrate how to use EMDR and hypnosis for stabilization and work with parts within phase II work, addressing the special needs of continuous stabilization for this population. Develop an understanding of how to enhance the integrative capacity during trauma-work with DD-clients. Apply structured techniques and rationales for calming and soothing patients related to their integrative capacity during extended EMDR-work.

Los clientes con trastornos disociativos complejos normalmente se encuentran en estados de trance despierto inducido por el trauma. Debido a esto, pueden crecer rápidamente de estrategias de tratamiento, donde estrategias de hipnosis clínica se añaden al modelo de tratamiento por parte del terapeuta. La hipnosis clínica ofrece también excelentes herramientas para trabajar con traumas de apego y reinstalar la neurocepción de seguridad. Este taller subraya siete estrategias para ampliar el protocolo estándar de EMDR, principalmente basadas en la hipnosis clínica. Consisten en: 1. Inducción hipnótica formal del lugar seguro / estado de seguridad ANTES de introducir la fase I de tratamiento de EMDR. 2. Inducción hipnótica informal para la activación continuada de los sistemas de compromiso social cuando los clientes están en trance. 3. Uso de inducciones al trance hiper-empíricas en la fase de exposición (ej, ayudar a los clientes a estar presentes con conciencia dual mediante la inducción continua al trance, por tanto ayudándoles a valorar el material traumático. 4. Dirigirse a los estados del ego que reaccionan como si aún estuviesen atados al tiempo traumático. 5. Dirigirse a estados del ego ricos en recursos y a partes del yo, por ejemplo, al ISH (en inglés yo-interno ayudante), por tanto ayudando al cliente a empezar a metabolizar el material traumático. 6. Instalación de esperanza y la “memoria de futuro”. 7. Usando sugestión post-hipnótica para fomentar la neurocepción de seguridad entre sesiones. Objetivos de aprendizaje: Demostrar cómo usar EMDR e hipnosis para estabilizar y trabajar con las partes en el trabajo de la fase II, dirigiéndonos a las necesidades especiales de estabilización continua para esta población. Desarrollar un entendimiento de cómo fomentar la capacidad integrativa cuando se trabaja el trauma con clientes-DD. Aplicación de técnicas estructuradas y racionales para calmar y tranquilizar a los pacientes en relación con su capacidad integrativa durante trabajo extendido con EMDR.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders  Hypnosis  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

207. Leserman, J. (2005). Sexual abuse history: Prevalence, health effects, mediators, and psychological treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67(6), 906-915. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000188405.54425.20.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: Lifetime history of sexual abuse is estimated to range between 15% and 25% in the general female population. People who are sexually abused are at greater risk for a whole host of physical health disorders that may occur many years after the abusive incident(s). Despite the high prevalence of this trauma and its association with poor health status, abuse history often remains hidden within the context of medical care. The aims of this review are to determine which specific health disorders have been associated with sexual abuse in both women and men, to outline the types of sexual abuse associated with the worst health outcome, to discuss some possible explanations and mediators of the abuse/health relationship, to discuss when and how to talk about abuse within a clinical setting, and to present evidence for which psychological treatments have been shown to improve the mental health of patients with past sexual abuse. Method: To meet these objectives, we have reviewed a wide literature on the topic of sexual abuse. Results: We demonstrate that abuse appears to be related to greater likelihood of headache and gastrointestinal, gynecologic, and panic-related symptoms; that the poor health effects associated with abuse are also seen in men; that abuse involving penetration and multiple incidents appears to be the most harmful, and that exposure-type therapies with and without cognitive behavioral therapy hold promise for those with abuse history. Conclusion: We need more research examining psychological treatments that might be efficacious in treating the physical health problems associated with sexual abuse history.

Keywords: HMO  Health Maintenance Organization  HPA  
Hypothalamic-Pituitaryadrenocortical  Review  Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder  PTSD  Sexual Abuse  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

208. Fernandez, I. (2010, March). Small victims of big disasters: Post-traumatic stress reactions and EMDR efficacy. Keynote presented at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The presentation describes post-traumatic stress reactions in children victims of mass disasters and the application of EMDR as an early trauma-focused treatment with them. Different kind of disasters (natural disasters, accidents and intentionally provoked) in the last years have involved specific populations of children in Italy and results from epidemiological studies and clinical interventions will be analyzed during the presentation. EMDR treatment was part of a comprehensive treatment with the population and was the elective treatment for the children of elementary schools which were the most exposed to the traumatic events. In most cases, 3 cycles of EMDR treatment were organized at one month, three months and a year from the critical events. Individual sessions were used for the school children due to the serious exposure to trauma and grief including: threat to life, loss of friends and sibling. Psychological support and EMDR treatment were provided to parents and school personnel and this aspect has been considered in the last interventions fundamental to enhance treatment results in children. Results of questionnaires and clinical interviews to assess post-traumatic symptomatology before and after treatment will be shown, along with follow up data. Treatment group show a significant improvement after EMDR treatment. Statistical analysis of results will be discussed. The author will highlight clinical aspects of using EMDR with children following recent trauma of great magnitude. Guidelines and indications for structured interventions coming from our field studies will be presented.

Keywords: Children  Efficacy  Keynote  Mass Disaster  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

209. Dworkin, M. (2010, March). Solving transference and counter-transference with dissociative disorders in EMDR. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Chair, Michael Paterson
This workshop will focus on the types of transference and counter-transference that arise in EMDR with dissociative clients and teach solutions. Procedural modifications have been the focus in dealing with pathological dissociation in EMDR treatment. Separately, transference and counter-transference with dissociative patients have been written about extensively by experts in the dissociation field. Research findings about the effects of mirror neurons and embedded simulation on the inter-subjective field of patient and therapist have also been published. Strategies for dealing with these transference and counter-transference in EMDR treatment have received little attention even though this population has intense transference, and can activate intense counter-transference. These issues may begin during an evaluation of the presenting problems. Strategies for identifying and using transference to enhance dual awareness during history taking will be demonstrated. An elongated preparation phase to develop enough trust and stabilization before exploring traumatic memories can limit induced transference. Different parts of a dissociative patient may have different kinds of transferences. These transferences may cause the patient to withdraw, cling or attack; affecting the therapist’s abilities to stay attuned and focused on the work in different phases of EMDR. Strategies of attunement to the activated part of the client will be demonstrated in order to repair or prevent ruptures of attunement. Interactions are bi-directional, and different (transferential) parts may activate dissociative parts of the therapist. Strategies to somatically identify and use these counter-transferential activations in the therapist will be taught through body based awarenesses. R/D/I strategies can be used to limit countertransference to remain grounded and attuned. Transference and counter-transference during the assessment phase will be identified and solutions presented. During the Desensitization phase under-accessing or over-accessing target memories; abreaction vs. vehement emotions will be discussed as unacknowledged dissociative moments with indications for inducing transference, counter-transference, or both. Decisions need be made collaboratively whether to process or contain these events. Understanding and dealing with dilemmas of dissociative enactments are crucial to keeping the healing process going. These inter-subjective issues may be most intense during the first four phases, but some problems may continue into Installation and the Body Scan. Problems and solutions during Incomplete Closure and the Re-evaluation phases will be given. Activated parts in the patient may cling or be angry with the therapist at the end of an EMDR session. Failure or defectiveness parts of the therapist may become activated as well. Solutions to these issues that occur during different phases will be taught so that participants will leave the workshop with additional strategies to use with their dissociative patients. Attunement to dissociative parts, identifying transference and counter-transference binds; The Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire ; Compartmentalization; use of self soothing skills; using Relational, Empathic, and Transferential Interweaves; identifying moments of projective identification and enactments, and then to use them to deepen EMDR will be taught, as well as innovative inter-subjective strategies . Case examples and awareness exercises will used throughout the workshop to facilitate intellectual and experiential learning.

Keywords: Counter-transference  Dissociative Disorders  Transference  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

210. van der Weele, J., & With, A. (2007, June). Stabilization groups with ethnic minority women after domestic violence: Presentation of a model based on structural theory of dissociation, EMDR, intercultural comunication and expressive artwork. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Alternative to violence has developed a group treatment model structured by the theory of structural dissociation and EMDR trauma treatment theory. Woman with ethnic minority background received short terms group treatment at a shelter for victims of domestic violence at an outpatient clinic and at a domestic violence family treatment center. The groups were supplements to individual therapy/counseling. We have had 10 groups; one with only Pakistani women, several mixed ethnic minority cultural groups with translation and groups in “simple Norwegian.” Recruitment was enhanced by the policy of sharing of symptoms and problems today with no obligation to share about personal past. The model has low drop out rate and therapist working with the individuals report more effective treatment sessions. For some women the group becomes the preferred choice of treatment. We discovered that early phase trauma work can be done in a group format with severely and recently traumatized women. Methods used are resource installation and safe place work, increase awareness of negative/positive cognitions, butterfly hug, nightmare protocol, expressive art therapy techniques as grounding, breathing techniques working with personal borders, working with imagination and playfulness. Structural therapy of dissociation concepts as ANP/EP structures and mental capacity, working from here and now, focusing on the ANP above EP's are woven into how the therapists regulate the group process and plan content. The theory organizes how we handle flashbacks, current acute crisis and how we focus on the womens’ personal trauma. We also teach about the effect of violence in relationships, the need to work on personal safety and the needs of children in the aftermath of violence. Theory from the field of intercultural communication gave us guidelines in working with women from high context, indirect and collectivistic cultures. A workbook for the clients on violence, PTSD symptoms and stabilisation treatment has been developed in the aftermath of these groups and is translated into several languages. We will present the material at the conference in the structure of the early fase trauma treatment group format. Showing in vivo how we apply the theory to severely traumatized women. We will share some of our favorite group exercises, metaphors and group rituals. Our goal is: 1. to show how the theory of structural dissociation serves as guideline for organizing and resulting treatment with severely traumatized clients in groups. 2. Give insight into typical adjustments that have been made to tailor treatment to ethnic minority populations. 3. Explain how expressive art work needs to make adjustments to the population of severely traumatized women. 4. Finally show how the group uses elements from EMDR and enhances individual EMDR work. In our experience, the stabilisation groups have integrated the heart, mind and body in the work of healing with a population that is often found difficult to treat effectively. We hare started to retain other therapists in using the model and are in the process of applying for a research grant.

Keywords: Artwork  Domestic Violence  Dissociation  Ethnic  Intercultural Communication  Minority  Stabilization  Women  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

211. Devilly, G. J., Spence, S. H., & Rapee, R. M. (1998, Summer). Statistical and reliable change with eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: Treating trauma within a veteran population. Behavior Therapy, 29(3), 435-455. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80042-7.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
51 war veterans with PTSD symptomatology were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: two sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), an equivalent procedure without EMDR, or a standard psychiatric support control condition. There was an overall significant main effect of time from pre- to posttreatment, with a reduction in symptomatology for all groups. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Participants in the two treatment conditions were more likely to display reliable improvement in trauma symptomatology than subjects in the control group. By 6-month follow-up, reductions in symptomatology had dissipated and there were no statistical or reliable differences between the two treatment groups. Overall, the results indicated that, with this war veteran population, improvement rates were less than has been reported in the past. Also, where improvements were found, eye movements were not likely to be the mechanism of change. Rather, the results imply that other nonspecific or therapeutic processes may account for any beneficial effects of EMDR. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults  Australians  Empirical Study  Follow-up Study  Longitudinal Study  Males  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Random Clinical Trial  RCT  Treatment Effectiveness  Veterans  Vietnam War  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

212. Kutz, I. (2009). To the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 57-58. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.57.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Reply by the current author to the comments made by Rosemary Masters (see record 2009-02768-007) on the original article by I. Kutz, V. Resnik and R. Dekel (see record 2008-13102-003). I sincerely thank Ms. Masters for her important comments. Indeed, to the list of confounding variables enumerated by Ms. Masters, one may add others like suggestibility. She may have missed the main point of the article—the immediacy of the response. By equating the epidemiological figures of natural recovery from trauma exposure to the numbers described in our study, Ms. Masters is comparing a process that progresses over several months to a process that occurred within a single session that lasted approximately 45 minutes. More strikingly, these dramatic changes in traumatic memories and intrusion distress are tightly correlated with the EMDR set, which lasted a minute or less and appeared within a minute or two after the set. However, since we did not systematically follow up on many of those patients we described, we should emphasize and restate that 50% of our population had complete immediate relief following a single session of EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Accidents  Acute Stress Syndromes  Bombing Attacks  Intrusion Distress  Letter  Terrorist  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

213. Farrell, D. P., Keenan, P. S., Ali, M. Wajid; Bilal, S., Tareen, S. M., Keenan, L., & Rana, M. H. (2011, June). Training Pakistani mental health workers in EMDR in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake in Northern Pakistan. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 24(2), 127-137. doi:10.1080/09515070.2011.589599.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The primary objective of this article will focus predominantly upon EMDR as an evidence-based treatment intervention for psychological trauma. It outlines in particular an EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Training Programme that took place in Abbotabad and Rawalpindi in response to the Pakistan earthquake, 2005, in helping to train teams of mental health workers in EMDR so as to enable them to treat psychological trauma symptoms of earthquake survivors. Results from two preliminary studies will be presented outlining the effectiveness of EMDR with two psychological trauma populations in Pakistan. This article also discusses the rationale for widening the trainings to different parts of Pakistan to include other significant traumas currently affecting some parts of the Pakistani population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Earthquake  Mental Health Workers  Pakistan  Training  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

214. Hyer, L. A., & Sohnle, S. J. (2001). Trauma among older people: Issues and treatment. Philadelphia, PA:  Brunner-Routledge.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book is about trauma in a select population, older people. This is important because this group is usually given short shrift because of certain convictions about age, as well as an excessive emphasis on specific trauma-related techniques. In fact, the older group is complex when it comes to trauma. There is much to be exported about older people from knowledge of earlier ages, and there is much that is not. Our basic belief is that the human change process is highly individualized at later life but certainly understandable within an integrated formulation of the person. We address this "formulation." [Preface, p. vii]TOPICS TREATED: Aging and trauma; PTSD in the context of aging; Life story of the aging person; Person and memory; Treatment: PTSD and beyond; Key ingredients to psychotherapy; Treatment model: early stages; Personality; Core memory: the "good" memory; The trauma memory: the "bad" memory; Grief work and forgiveness in the context of PTSD; Using assessment data to inform the treatment plan.

Keywords: Aged  Anxiety  Management Therapy  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Stressors  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

215. Lievegoed, R., & Seubert, A. (2004, June). Trauma and beyond: EMDR in the treatment of traumatized clients with mental retardation (MH/MR diagnosis). In children and EMDR (J. Morris-Smith, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
For the past three decades, clinical experience as well as research has supported the validity of counseling and psychotherapy in the treatment of dually diagnosed (MH/MR) clients. At first behavioral therapies and later various forms of process-oriented therapy (Gestalt, creative arts, body-centered, play) have been effectively employed with this population, Particularly through the use of process therapies it has become clear that traditional insight and cognitive therapy must be adapted in favor of experience, action, body-centeredness and “right-brain” functioning to be impactful with this population.
EMDR< given its primarily non-verbal mode of functioning, holds great promise as an effective and efficient therapy for trauma treatment with dually diagnosed clients, a population inherently vulnerable to traumatic impact. Anecdotal case presentations with mental retarded clients, corroborated by both client report and by clinical observation. In all cases, therapeutic gains remained intact after treatment.
This presentation will introduce a “phase model” of trauma treatment for this population and will demonstrate were EMDR would be most effective within this model. Attention will also be given to ways in which the basic EMDR protocol would need to be adapted to meet the needs of these clients.

Keywords: Children  Developmentally Disabled  Dually Diagnosed (MH/MR)  Mental Retardation  Symposium  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Trauma Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

216. Mevissen, L., & Lievegoed, R. (2010, June). Trauma and institutionalization - EMDR: A tool to cure, relieve or prevent. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Because of their vulnerability children as well as adults with developmental disorders are supposed to be at greater risk to suffer from the disruptive effects of trauma or cumulating negative life events. Resulting psychopathology or behavioral problems might bring them into contact with institutional psychiatric or educational care. On the basis of four video-illustrated clinical vignettes various aspects according the use of EMDR are discussed. Institutionalization in itself can be traumatizing as shown by EMDR treatment of an adult with autism and traumatic memories of being outplaced and long-term isolated. Outplacement might be a consequence of untreated trauma. EMDR can relieve suffering as shown by the treatment of a 12-year old boy with behavioral problems who's family ties were broken. Outplacement can be traumatic and as a consequence block personal growth as illustrated by the case of a 48-year old man with mild to moderate intellectual disability and autism, who had been institutionalized at the age of 8. Desperate parents regain educational skills by using a combination of EMDR and intensive psychiatric family support as illustrated by the case of an 8 years old girl with supposed multi-complex developmental disorder (McDD). Adaptations of the standard protocol might be necessary when using EMDR in patients with psychiatric disorders as shown in two of the cases that will be presented. As posttraumatic stress symptoms can be manifested differently in this population there is a risk of diagnostic errors. Learning objectives: Participants take note of possibilities to make EMDR beneficial to the institutionalized population; are able to identify adaptations to the EMDR protocol required by particular needs of clients with developmental disorders; are able to use EMDR to help parents to overcome the trauma of having a child with developmental disorders; become aware of nonspecific symptoms of trauma in this special population.

Keywords: Institutionalization  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

217. Mevissen-Renckens, L. (2008, August). Trauma and trauma therapy (EMDR) in people with ID. Symposium presented at the 13th World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, Cape Town, South Africa.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Aim: People with ID might be particularly vulnerable to significant life events and at high risk to develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. In the general population EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an evidence-based trauma treatment method. On small-scale EMDR is used in people with ID and seems to be efficacious and not placing a load on clients. However research on PTSD and EMDR in this population is missing so has to be done. Method: Research on the relationship between life events en mental health problems in people with ID is listed and analysed. The findings are compared with the outcomes of single case studies on clients with ID, treated with EMDR.
Results: Correlational and retrospective analyses of case files consistently show an association between life events on one hand and behaviour problems and depression on the other hand. The only prospective study that is found indicates a causal relationship. EMDR treatment effects also suggest a causal relationship between mental health problems and being exposed to overwhelming events. Conclusions: Further research is necessary to develop evidence based assessment and treatment procedures for people with ID who suffer from complaints due to traumatic experiences.

Keywords: ID  Intellectual Difficulties  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Symposium  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

218. Dutton, P. (2007, September). Trauma in children and young people. Counselling Children and Young People, 1-10.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Trauma might be described in terms of an event experienced, or the effects or consequences (symptoms) of the event. In the latter case, the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-IV-TR1 is the most quoted source for defining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This collection of symptoms is helpful in indicating when trauma is severe enough to need serious treatment. Smaller trauma, on the other hand, is often neglected by therapists, doctors and the general population as something we just have to cope with. But the effects of even small trauma in childhood are seriously accumulative and often underrated. It is also arguable that untreated attachment difficulties in early childhood can increase the likihood of PTSD – but this statement still rests on anecdotal evidence.

Keywords: Bereavement  Children  Grief  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

219. Greenwald, R. (2000). The trauma orientation and child therapy. In K. N. Dwivedi (Ed.), Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents (pp. 7-24). London: Whurr Publishers.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct disorder in conjunction with other contributing factors. Trauma history is virtually universal in this population, and trauma effects can help to account for many features of the disorder including lack of empathy, impulsivity, anger, acting out, and resistance to treatment. The current standard of care fails to fully address trauma, which may partially explain the low success rate. A trauma-focused individual therapy approach is presented as one example of how this population might be more effectively treated. This approach features motivational interviewing, self-control training, and trauma resolution and integrates eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Two illustrative case examples are presented and discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents  Assessment  Children  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Stressors  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

220. Tapanya, S. (2008, June). Trauma therapy for bullying victims in Thai schools. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The knowledge on the treatment of psychological trauma in Thailand is still in its rudimentary stage despite the fact that the country has been known for its highly trained medical personnel who are capable of providing sophisticated medical treatment such as plastic surgery, high quality dental care, and sex-change operation. And although the problem of violence has been well recognized, especially relating to child abuse and domestic violence, a more subtle form of violence such as bullying in school has been largely ignored. The author aims to present the summary from his survey of bullying incidence from over 3,000 students in all regions of Thailand. The problem appears to be wide-spread and resulted in fear and anxiety about going to school. During the past few years a number of bullying survivors have come forward to receive treatment for their traumatic memories that continue to trouble them. The presentation will outline treatment strategies for this client population and cite several case studies which may show how EMDR can be applied in a way that is unique to Thai culture.

Keywords: Bullying  Poster  Thailand  Trauma Therapy    

Accuracy Verified: Yes

221. Gelbach, R. A. (2008). Trauma, research, and EMDR: A disaster responder's wish list. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 146-155. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.146.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Disasters, both natural and "man-made", affect a large portion of the Earth's population and can be expected to increase in intensity over the coming decades. The impact of disasters on mental health of affected populations is substantial and likely to be insufficiently addressed in the overall context of disaster response. While successful mental health intervention has been demonstrated in a variety of cases, including through the use of EMDR treatment, this problem needs more attention. Effective mental health response will be greatly supported by increased research on questions related to the incidence, form, and prognosis of disaster-generated traumatic stress, as these are affected by type of disaster, culture of affected population, sociological conditions, and neuropsychological factors, and the interactions among these. A brief summary of desirable research is presented that could help responders meet these challenges. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Disaster  Disaster-Response  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

222. Greenwald, R. (2000, April). A trauma-focused individual therapy approach for adolescents with conduct disorder. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 44(2), 146-163. doi:10.1177/0306624X00442002 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct disorder in conjunction with other contributing factors. Trauma history is virtually universal in this population, and trauma effects can help to account for many features of the disorder including lack of empathy, impulsivity, anger, acting out, and resistance to treatment. The current standard of care fails to fully address trauma, which may partially explain the low success rate. A trauma-focused individual therapy approach is presented as one example of how this population might be more effectively treated. This approach features motivational interviewing, self-control training, and trauma resolution and integrates eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Two illustrative case examples are presented and discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents  Cognitive Therapy  Disruptive Behavior Disorders  Individual Psychotherapy  Males  Psychiatric Inpatients  Psychotherapeutic Processes  Stressors  Survivors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

223. Qirjako, E. (2007, Feburar). Traumatisierte kinder und jugendliche. Einfluss posttraumatischer belastungsstörung auf psychische auffälligkeiten bei kindern und jugendlichen [Traumatized children and youth. Influence of post-traumatic stress disorder to mental disorders in children and adolescent trauma]. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

Language: German

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Die Geschichtsbücher über die Kriege zeichnen ein furchtbares Bild des Grauens. Erlebte Realität ist nicht gedruckte Seiten, das wir lesen, sondern die Angst, Schmerz und Leiden, die uns für den Rest unseres Lebens begleiten werden. Tragische Ereignisse wie der Krieg im ehemaligen Jugoslawien haben bei der betroffenen Bevölkerung tiefe seelische Wunden hinterlassen. All das hat das Zusammenleben der verschieden ethnokulturellen Gruppen stark erschüttert und ist meistens nicht mehr möglich. Die Kriegs- und Traumaopfer leiden häufig noch Jahren unter den schlimmen Folgen der Extrembelastungen. Typische „posttraumatische“, psychische Folgen sind das ständige schmerzliche Wiedererleben der durchlittenen Situationen, Alpträume, erhöhte Schreckhaftigkeit, Reizbarkeit sowie Auswirkungen im sozialen Bereich. Diese Symptome werden seit 1980 unter dem Begriff Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTB) in den offiziellen Klassifikationsmanualen psychischer Störungen zusammengefasst (DSM-IV-R, 1994).

The history books about the wars paint a terrible picture of horror. Experienced reality is not printed pages, we read, but the fear, pain and suffering that will accompany us for the rest of our lives. Tragic events like the war in former Yugoslavia have left deep emotional scars, the affected population. All this shook the coexistence of different ethno-cultural groups is not strong and more usually possible. The war and trauma victims often suffer for years under the terrible consequences of extreme stress. Typical "post-traumatic", the constant psychological consequences are painful reliving of the artist went through situations, nightmares, increased nervousness, irritability and social impact. These symptoms are grouped together since 1980 under the term Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTB) in the official classification manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-R, 1994).

Keywords: Adolescents  Children  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

224. Gomez, A. (2009, May). Treating depression in children using EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation explores the evidence linking trauma, stress and PTSD to some forms of depression in children especially for those whose depressive symptoms appear to be the result of adverse life events. Preliminary evidence that EMDR can be an effective treatment for depression in children and adolescents through a series of case studies and anecdotal reports will be presented. Clinicians will learn specific strategies for working with depressed children across the eight phases of the EMDR protocol. Video clips of sessions will provide a concrete and tangible experience for clinicians working with this population.

Keywords: Children  Depression  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

225. Marcus, S. (2007, June). Treating headaches with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Headaches are the most common pain-related complaint and the seventh leading ailment seen in medical practice. Yearly, over 35% of the population is affected by tension-type headaches. Migraine headaches are a common condition with one-year prevalence rates around 15%. Prevalence rates generally peak in the third and fourth decades but for many migraines become a chronic condition requiring a lifetime of treatment.
Migraine sufferers are frequently disabled during their acute attacks. A 2001 study found that 90% of migraineurs reported functional impairment. 53% required bed rest and nearly 30% missed 1 day of work or school within a 3-month period. Migraine in the USA results in 112 million bedridden days per year. The cost of the migraine to the total American work force is estimated at $13 billion per year in missed work days and lost productivity. Direct medical costs (i.e., MD office visits, prescription medication claims, and hospitalizations) for migraine care average $1 billion annually. Clouse & Osterhaus (1994) found that migraineurs generate twice the medical claims and two times the pharmacy claims in HMO’s when compared to patients without migraines.
Considering the sheet number of individuals afflicted with migraine and tension headaches, the societal impact with increased medical costs, lost work days, and reduced productivity represent a major public health concern.
The pharmacologic therapies have long been the most common and widely used method of treating headaches. Unfortunately, pharmacologic treatments are ineffective or inadequate for a sizeable number of patients. One third of patients participating in clinical trials with oral triptans fail to respond. Moreover, fewer than half become pain-free, which is the primary efficacy measure recommended by the International Headache Society. Reasons for considering an EMDR treatment for migraine and tension headaches are patient preferences for non-pharmacologic interventions, pregnancy, planned pregnancy or nursing, deficient stress coping skills, medication rebound, patient overuse of medications, medical contraindications, and poor medication tolerance.
In view of the state of the art of current headache treatment an EMDR approach that can eliminate severe headache pain in less time than an oral medication (20 to 30 min) and within 5 to 10 sessions may reduce frequency, duration and intensity of future headaches could result in a decrease in medication utilization, physician visits and overall medical costs, with an improvement in patient satisfaction. This would be a welcome addition to current headache treatments.
This workshop will employ lecture, demonstration and actual practice of an integrated EMDR approach. The purpose of this teaching strategy is to prepare you for clinical practice. Objectives include understanding headache etiology, headache trigger identification, threshold theory, training in the EMDR protocol used in Dr. Marcus’s migraine research, discussion of protocol utilization in clinical practice, informed consent, transference issues, and discussion of the role of provider when deploying this approach. This workshop is for advanced EMDR practitioners but previous experience in headache treatment is not required.

Keywords: Headaches  Health Problems  Illness  Pain  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

226. Mevissen, L. (2011, June). Treatment of people with developmental disabilities. How far can we go?. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There is evidence to suggest that people with developmental disabilities are at greater risk to suffer from the disruptive effects of traumatic events. However, parents, teachers, caregivers and even clinicians who offer specialized outpatient treatments often lack awareness of this. In general, emotional and behavioural problems are attributed to other diagnosed disorders such as genetic syndromes, cognitive impairments, ADHD or autism. Taking history with regard to behavioural changes following overwhelming events appears not to be a common practice at all. Moreover, the expression of trauma symptoms as well as the interpretation of distressing experiences often differs in comparison with the general population. Furthermore, because of their limited communication skills, common treatment methods are not appropriate. As a result, this patient category seldom receives treatment for exposure to disturbing events, including apparent symptoms of PTSD. Preliminary research findings illustrate that EMDR, because of its strongly non-verbal character, seems to be an applicable, effective and efficient treatment method for this patient category. But how far can we go? During this workshop these findings will be presented, illustrated by many video clips of treatments of patients carried out in a centre for child and adolescent psychiatry and an outpatient treatment of adults with mental health problems. Special attention is given to creative adaptations of the EMDR protocol and the cooperation with parents, who are often traumatized themselves and have to be treated as well, either to make them able to function as a co-therapist or to strengthen their skills in educating a child with special needs. Learning objectives: After this workshop attendees will be aware of the specific expression of PTSD symptoms in people with various serious developmental disabilities and the various possibilities of EMDR treatment in this population.

Keywords: Developmental Disabilities  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

227. Mevissen, L., Lievegoed, R., Seubert, A., & de Jongh, A. (2012). Treatment of PTSD in people with severe intellectual disabilities: A case series. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 15(3), 223-232 doi:10.3109/17518423.2011.654283.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: There is a dearth of information regarding the treatment of PTSD in people with severe intellectual disabilities (ID). The purpose of the present case studies was to assess the applicability and effects of an evidence-based treatment method for psychological trauma with this population. Methods: The treatment of four single cases with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was evaluated. Participants included adults and children with a variety of symptoms, as well as different histories of negative life events. Results: In all cases PTSD symptoms decreased. In all but one case, the gains were maintained at 15.5 months to 2.5 years following treatment. Depressive symptoms and physical complaints diminished and social and adaptive skills improved. Conclusion: EMDR seems to be an applicable treatment method for clients with severe ID. Reduction and maintenance of PTSD symptoms in individuals with severe ID appears to be both desirable and obtainable.

Keywords: Case Study  Intellectual Disabilities  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Psychotherapy  Trauma  Treatment  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

228. Jacome, S. (2012, Novembro). Uma proposta de abordagem grupal de eventos traumáticos heterogêneos [A proposed approach heterogeneous group of traumatic events]. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Este workshop fornece elementos teóricos e práticos para EMDR terapeutas com conhecimento trabalha ou pretende trabalhar com grupos. Fornece uma visão geral da integração do modelo de EMDR com elementos de psicoterapia psicodramática de grupo. Algumas ideias para a aplicação prática dos princípios da psicoterapia de grupo em conjunto com maneiras criativas de usar EMDR. Com a crescente demanda por cuidados de saúde mental, psicoterapia individual tem várias limitações, abordagens individuais são geralmente caros e inacessíveis para grandes segmentos da população. A terapia de grupo tem sido desenvolvido como um baixo custo, otimizando recursos humanos, tempo e economia. EMDR é originalmente uma abordagem individual e de grupo, embora alguns procedimentos EMDR foram desenvolvidos, abordando a necessidade ea urgência de intervir em situações de crise, especialmente envolvendo grupos e populações inteiras, ainda há uma maneira de aproximar-se do grupo e não só no grupo. Esta proposta surge a partir da formação do primeiro autor como um terapeuta com um terapeuta psicodrama foco do grupo e, em seguida, como EMDR, que vem buscando uma maneira de integrar as fases da abordagem EMDR com uma abordagem de grupo de psicodrama, psicoterapia que permite desenvolver maneiras de tratar grupos de pessoas com problemas diferentes, com experiências diferentes, o que na psicoterapia de grupo é chamado de grupos heterogêneos. Também irá abordar várias preocupações, dificuldades e preocupações que surgem quando se explora a possibilidade de combinar a psicoterapia de grupo e EMDR, como abreactions manipulação, processamento, memória e outras dificuldades.

This workshop provides theoretical and practical elements for EMDR therapists with expertise working or want to work with groups. Provides an overview of the integration of model elements with EMDR psychotherapy group psychotherapy. Some ideas for the practical application of the principles of group psychotherapy in conjunction with creative ways to use EMDR. With the growing demand for mental health care, individual psychotherapy has several limitations, individual approaches are often expensive and inaccessible to large segments of the population. Group therapy has been developed as a low cost, optimizing human resources, time and economy. EMDR is an approach originally individual and group, though some EMDR procedures were developed, addressing the urgent need to intervene in crisis situations, especially involving groups and entire populations, there is still a way to approach the group and not just the group. This proposal arises from the formation of the first author as a therapist with a focus group psychodrama therapist and then as EMDR, which has been seeking a way to integrate the phases of the EMDR approach with an approach to group psychodrama psychotherapy that allows developing ways to treat groups of people with different problems, with different experiences, which in group psychotherapy is called heterogeneous groups. It will also address several concerns, difficulties and concerns that arise when exploring the possibility of combining the group psychotherapy and EMDR, as abreactions handling, processing, memory and other difficulties.

Keywords: Trauma  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

229. Chambless, D. L., Baker, M. J., Baucom, D. H., Beutler, L. E., Calhoun, K. S., Crits-Christoph, P., Daiuto, A., DeRubeis, R., Detweiler, J., Haaga, D. A. F., Bennett Johnson, S., McCurry, S., Mueser, K. T., Pope, K. S., Sanderson, W. C., Shoham, V., Stickle, T., Williams, D. A., & Woody, S. R. (1998, Winter). Update on empirically validated therapies, II. Clinical Psychologist, 51(1), 3-16.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
According to a taskforce of the Clinical Division of the American Psychological Association, the only methods empirically supported for the treatment of any post-traumatic stress disorder population were EMDR, exposure therapy, and stress inoculation therapy.

Keywords: Treatment Guidelines  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

230. Popky, A. J. (2011, October). An urge reduction protocol as a new way to address addictions and dysfunctional behaviors based on the AIP model of EMDR. Presentation for Care For the Troops, Marietta, Ohio.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
The purpose of this document is to act as a training manual for those clinicians that work with addictive populations and that have completed already completed EMDR level 1 and 2 trainings. Previous research on EMDR has focused on its usefulness for treating trauma-related symptoms in a diverse sample of subjects. This protocol deals with targeting triggers that bring up urges rather than traumas. It is the authors beliefs that the targeting of triggers is a gentler way of dealing with this addictive population and that as triggers are reprocessed ego strength grows until the thread to the trauma or core issues are ready to emerge to be reprocessed. Background This treatment model and the theories involved are based on experience from personal client observation and anecdotal reports received from other therapists using this same protocol. It is an eclectic model and combines many methodologies, including but not limited to, cognitive-behavioral, solution focused, Ericksonian, narrative, object relations, EFT, TFT, to name a few. The bi-lateral stimulation from the accelerated information processing model (EMDR) seems to form the catalyst for rapid processing and change, the turbo-charger that speeds the healing process. Successful results have been reported across the wide spectrum of addictions and dysfunctional behaviors: chemical substances (nicotine, marijuana, alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine, crack, heroin/methadone, etc.), eating disorders such as compulsive overeating, anorexia and bulimia, along with other behaviors such as sex, gambling, shoplifting, anger outbursts, OCD and trichotillomania, etc. Since this is an urge reduction protocol the scope of applications can include a wide variety of applications.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing  Addictions  AIP  Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing  DeTUR  Dysfunctional Behaviors  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

231. Salomonsen, L. J., Skovgaard, L., la Cour, S., Nyborg. L., Launsø, L., & Fønnebø, V. (2011, January). Use of complementary and alternative medicine at Norwegian and Danish hospitals. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11, 4. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-4.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Several studies have found that a high proportion of the population in western countries use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). However, little is known about whether CAM is offered in hospitals. The aim of this study was to describe to what extent CAM is offered in Norwegian and Danish hospitals and investigate possible changes in Norway since 2001. Methods: A one-page questionnaire was sent to all included hospitals in both countries. The questionnaire was sent to the person responsible for the clinical activity, typically the medical director. 99 hospitals in the authority (85%) in Norway and 126 in Denmark (97%) responded. Given contact persons were interviewed. Results: CAM is presently offered in about 50% of Norwegian hospitals and one-third of Danish hospitals. In Norway CAM was offered in 50 hospitals, 40 of which involved acupuncture. 19 hospitals gave other alternative therapies like biofeedback, hypnosis, cupping, ear-acupuncture, herbal medicine, art therapy, homeopathy, reflexology, thought field therapy, gestalt therapy, aromatherapy, tai chi, acupressure, yoga, pilates and other. 9 hospitals offered more than one therapy form. In Denmark 38 hospitals offered acupuncture and one Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Light Therapy. The most commonly reported reason for offering CAM was scientific evidence in Denmark. In Norway it was the interest of a hospital employee, except for acupuncture where the introduction is more often initiated by the leadership and is more based on scientific evidence of effect. All persons (except one) responsible for the alternative treatment had a medical or allied health professional background and their education/training in CAM treatment varied substantially. Conclusions: The extent of CAM being offered has increased substantially in Norway during the first decade of the 21st century. This might indicate a shift in attitude regarding CAM within the conventional health care system.

Keywords: Alternative Medicine  Complementary Medicine  Denmark  Norway  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

232. St. Andre, É. (2010, April/May). Use of EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: a case study. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic anxiety disorder with recurrent obsessions, like persistent thoughts, mental images, impulses, and compulsions such as repetitive behaviours or mental acts, that are performed after obsessions. This workshop will provide clinical information on the presenter's use of EMDR with a patient with OCD, as well as some examples provided by other clinicians who have worked with patients with OCD. In addition, general information on OCD (e.g., epidemiology, neurobiology) will be discussed. The presenter will highlight what is unique about the use of EMDR with OCD, difficulties she met in using EMDR with an OCD patient, and adaptations she used to improve treatment. She will describe how to use the standard 8 step approach (past, present, future), how to identify targets, managing OCD symptoms and barriers in his day-to-day life. The presenter will look at how to manage challenges that arise for the clinician with this population. Participants will have an opportunity to apply the strategies with a case example exercise. (All Levels)

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder  OCD  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

233. Tinker, R. H. (2008, September). The use of EMDR with motor accident victims. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Approximately 750,000 new cases of PTSD arise each year following MVAs in the US alone. The presenter will discuss targeting pain memories and dealing with closed head injuries, as well as PTSD when they co-morbidly occur in the same person. Case examples will be presented. Results of approximately 100 consecutive PTSD cases from MVAs will also be presented. The participant will be able to demonstrate knowledge of: How to treat pain memories within the EMDR protocol; How to treat closed head injuries within the EMDR protocol and; Treatment effectiveness of EMDR with this population.

Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents  Victims  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

234. Wu K. K. (2002, June). Use of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing for treating post-traumatic stress disorder after a motor vehicle accident. Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry, 12(2), 20-24.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case report illustrates the utilisation of eye movement desensitisation reprocessing for treatment of PTSD after a motor vehicle accident. Standardised measurements (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-Revised) were adopted to monitor treatment effectiveness during various treatment phases. This case demonstrates the possible application of eye movement desensitisation reprocessing for the Chinese population and the treatment efficacy of eye movement desensitisation reprocessing for PTSD. The implications for future research are discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Case Report  Chinese  Males  Middle Aged  Motor Traffic Accidents  Physical Pain  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Survivors  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

235. Bilal, M. S., & Rana, M. H. (2008, June). Use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in battle hardy soldiers after sustaining psychological trauma in various suicide bomb blast: A series of cases of post traumatic stress in terrorist acts. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: The purpose of the study is to show the impact of the use of EMDR in survivors of suicide bomb blasts in North of Pakistan. Design and Settings: The study involves an ongoing compilation of clinical data and the study of therapeutic responses to various interventions including EMDR, at a tertiary mental health facility and Centre for Trauma Research and Psychosocial Interventions (CTRPI), Rawalpindi /Islamabad, Pakistan. This mental health facility is the catchment area of patients from Northern areas of Pakistan, currently the part of the country, worst affected by series of suicide bombings targeting military and civil population. Method: Families of the victims and those who survive suicide bombings without physical injuries are referred to CTRPI from peripheral areas / hospitals for assessment for psychosocial consequences of facing a man made disaster. Patients are interviewed at the point in time of referral and scoring is done on Impact of Event Scale (IES). Those who fulfill the criteria of Post traumatic Stress Disorder according to ICD-10 are registered for further studies and appropriate interventions. The individuals who fulfil the criteria for PTSD or any other psychiatric morbidity are then enrolled for regular psychiatric follow up. The patients are first offered the use of EMDR and all who give an informed consent are then assigned to a psychiatrist trained in EMDR (Level 2). Sessions of EMDR as per the protocol of 8 stages are carried out. Scoring on IES is recorded serially. According to the degree of improvement and severity of illness, sessions of EMDR are carried out using the bilateral stimulation during the hospital stay. Results: The three individuals who have completed EMDR treatment had survived the suicidal bombing attacks and fulfilled the entry criteria were administered 8 stage protocol EMDR. They all improved in their symptoms of intrusive images, hyper-arousal, autonomic instability and avoidance. Their sleep improved and nightmares diminished. Their social and interpersonal functioning improved. There was marked reduction of basal anxiety levels in all three. Scores on IES done after intervention (EMDR) improved from initial pre EMDR score of 41, 38 and 40 respectively to post EMDR scores of 18, 15 and 14 for the three subjects who completed EMDR protocol of 8 stages. On reporting to their respective units their occupational effectiveness has returned to previous levels of functioning. Conclusions: EMDR proves to be an effective non pharmacological intervention in terms of post traumatic stress disorder in special circumstances of acts of terrorism involving suicide bombing. The data presented is only preliminary and is based on a small number out of a larger sample.

Keywords: Military  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Terrorism  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

236. Kutz, I. (2007, June). The use of short-term EMDR for symptomic relief of acute stress syndrome in victims of the 2006 Israeli-Lebanese hostilities. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
During the 2006 hostilities between Israel and the Hezbollah militia, many northern Israeli towns were under the continuous threat of rocket bombardment for several weeks. Thirty people who arrived at the general hospital with Acute Stress Reaction (ASR) and were found later to suffer from Acute Stress Syndrome (ASS) were treated by a group of senior EMDR clinicians with a two-session modified EMDR intervention.
The raw results indicate that about 50% of ASS outpatients treated with a brief modified EMDR protocol responded to a single session EMDR with an initial very significant (SUDs dropping or points or more) or a significant alleviation, of their, mostly intrusive, symptoms. The other half of the ASS population showed partial response or no response. We also report the results of a 7 month follow-up of these patients. The advantages and limitations of using the modified brief EMDR protocol in ASS victims are discussed. The response of prolonged war-stress to EMDR is compared to the reason of victim of a single trauma like terrorist attacks and road accidents.

Keywords: Acute Stress Syndrome  Early Intervention  War  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

237. Kitchiner, N. J. (2000, February). Using EMDR to treat post-traumatic stress disorder in a prison setting. British Journal of Community Nursing, 5(1), 26-31.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article describes the treatment of a young man who developed PTSD following the sudden unexpected miscarriage of his unborn child. He was diagnosed with this anxiety disorder while serving a term of imprisonment. He was treated with a controversial psychological treatment for PTSD, eye movement desensitisation reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, during one, 1-hour session. After this session, his progress was monitored by a further three follow-up appointments at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, where the self-report questionnaires were repeated and compared with pre-treatment scores. These demonstrated improvement post-treatment and at a 3-month follow-up session. The discussion arising from the treatment will concentrate on EMDR as an effective treatment for PTSD, particularly within a prison setting. Data from recent research highlight the potential risks of PTSD within a community population and the implications for midwives and nurses who treat and care for traumatized patients are discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Case Report  Delayed Onset  Males  Miscarriage  Nursing  Posttrauamtic Stress Disorder  Prison Inmates  Psychotherapeutic Processes  PTSD  Survivors  Young Adults  Treatment Effectiveness  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

238. Carbone, D. (2004, September). Using EMDR to treat trauma as a result of childhood ridicule in gay men. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montréal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This training will enable participants to identify trauma responses in sexual minority clients (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender) and the developmental origins of these responses. The trauma addressed is a result of a long-term pattern of childhood social ridicule. Participants will learn how to screen for certain psychological disorders that are more common in this population and situations whereby supplemental therapies are needed. The effectiveness of EMDR in reprocessing the trauma will be demonstrated through a presentation of 6 cases. Participants will become familiar with the importance of gay affirmative psychotherapy and referral sources.

Keywords: Gay Men  Homosexuals  Ridicule  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

239. Thompson, P. (1995, June). Using EMDR with adolescents: Life changes for adlescents - an empowerment tool. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation describes an EMDR protocol for working with an adolescent in such a way as to enhance their self-empowerment capabilities. As a preliminary, a medical and developmental history of the adolescent is taken from the parents, as well as obtaining their view of present problems. Using this infomation and a subsequent history obtained from the adolescent provides the basis for what may prove to be targets later. I will talk about how, in early discussions with adolescents, when my aim is to gain rapport, I often go back over some of the information their parents provided so as to obtain the teenager's views and feelings, idenfying the highs and lows in their view of their life so far. I look for where they have felt successful and powerful, and where they have suffered trauma, loss and sadness with reference to themselves as individuals and also in their family relationships. I seek to refine targets from both parental and adolescent information. I also seek to understand what the teen would like in their life and begin to introduce the idea that they can give direction to their life. I believe it is important to provide the adolescent with new or clarified information about him or her. I use psychological tests to assist in this process. I will cover briefly ways that I use the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC), as well as other assessment instruments such as the Strong Interest Inventory, Rorschach and Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MAPI), to give both the adolescent and me important information. Because the information stems from a comparison with the general population, I can present it more objectively than if it were solely my assessment of them. The adolescent decides what fits them and what doesn't. This process allows us jointly to identify problems and to look for ways to handle them. Emphasis is always placed on the adolescent having the power - the information about themselves is power. What they choose to do with it breeds power. They are in control. This process usually leads to a further explanation of EMDR and how they might choose to work with me using EMDR. In summary, I will cover : Helping the adolescent look at choices as giving freedom Presenting EMDR as a way of having more choices; Looking at behavior problems as habits that can be changed if desired. Encouraging the use of imagination, imaging, finding a safe place and helping make changes; Taking the position of being their coach for their effort to develop the kind of life they want. Looking at what they think stands in their way and what they can do to change it. Identifying negative cognition from these blocks. Using EMDR in the context of what they want. Building Self Esteem through goal attainment-EMDR as a tool for performance. Coaching for positive change and clear thinking. Teaching self direction and organization reinforcing with EMDR. Teaching self coaching.

Keywords: Adolescents  Self Coaching  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

240. Freedland, E. (2002, June). Using EMDR with eating disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation will focus on the integration of EMDR into the treatment of Eating Disorders, primarily Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorder. Participants will learn the aspects of history taking, treatment planning, and preparation unique to working with this population. Videotaped client sessions will demonstrate how to implement a variation of Resource lnstallation before, during, and after EMDR processing and choose EMDR targets, including those based on the client's "Eating Disorder Myths." Moving flexibly through the eight phases of treatment, allowing for relapse, will be highlighted and handouts will be given to assist clinicians in organizing these complex cases.

Keywords: Binge Eating  Bulimia  Eating Disorders  Myths  Resource Installation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

241. Paulsen, S. (2006, September). Using EMDR with individuals with austistic spectrum disorders – A protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Individuals with Autism have a number of complex differences that make Trauma processing exceptionally difficult. In order to use the eight step protocol with these individuals, preparation and some modifications are necessary. The process presented in this workshop will provide some general information about the characteristics of autistic individuals, step by step skill training to precede the EMDR process, the use of Carol Gray's Social Stories to help clarify those targets and situations being processed, and the EMDR protocol with slight adaptations for individuals with speech and language impairments. Also included are cautions for using EMDR with this population due to their complex differences. This process has been used successfully with individuals across the Autistic Spectrum as well as individuals with Asperger's Syndrome and other developmental disorders including Williams Syndrome. This has been developed over a 7 year span. This step by step program has been successful with abused individuals with global developtnent delays, significantly impaired speech and language abilities, and significant cognitive disabilities. Following use of the EMDR process, individuals have dcmonstrated a significant reduction in symptoms, increased verbal ability, as well as improved social relationships and self-regulation skills. These improvements have remained over time.

Keywords: Autistic Spectrum Disorder  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

242. Dworkin, M. (2008, June). Using the therapeutic relationship in EMDR with patients with complex PTSD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Now that the therapeutic relationship is firmly part of EMDR, it is time to show its uses with difficult populations. Skilful emphasis on empathic attunement beginning in the history taking phase with emphasis on using the Procedural Steps Outline diagnostically, and Light stream as an affect management tool, starting in the first session will be shown to be of use specifically with this population. This population needs special attention regarding alterations in affect regulation, self perception, consciousness and attention, somatisation, trust, and identity. In the preparation phase participants will learn various relational strategies to accomplish these tasks. They will also learn to use the relationship as an additional resource for containment with appropriate boundaries. Relational concepts such as “Implicit Relational Knowing”, “Moments of Meeting”, and “Dyadic Expansion of Consciousness” will be taught to expand methods of stabilization for preparation, and for active trauma work. Modifications of active trauma work using active resourcing; titrating or dosing; treating transference and counter transference phenomenon will all be demonstrated to enhance EMDR work with complex PTSD and Dissociation. Dworkin's Trauma Case Conceptualization Questionnaire and his Clinician Self Awareness Questionnaire will be taught and used to

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Complex PTSD  C-PTSD  Therapeutic Relationship  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

243. Cybela, D. & Karger, B. (2008, Mai). Utiliser l’EMDR pour l’amélioration de la performance et développement du leadership dans des organismes gouvernementaux [Using EMDR in Performance Enhancement for Leadership Development in a government organization]. Présentation à la Conférence EMDR Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Ce programme d’amélioration de la performance utilisant l’EMDR peut être un outil efficace de développement du leadership. La problématique de gestion du stress relié à la gestion a été identifiée comme obstacle au leadership efficace. Ce programme innovateur de développement du leadership a démontré des résultats positifs sur l’amélioration de la confiance en soi, l’optimisme, les habiletés sociales et la réduction du stress dans le milieu de travail. En combinant un instrument de mesure des stratégies de gestion du stress et EMDR, ce programme identifie les croyances négatives et positives spécifiques à ces populations. Le programme présenté inclut la description de la préparation, du protocole, de son application et du follow-up utilisés avec les gestionnaires et administrateurs au Marathon County.

A Performance Enhancement Program using EMDR can be an effective leadership development tool. The issue of management-related stress was explored as a roadblock to effective leadership. APEX, LLC, in partnership with Marathon County (State of Wisconsin), has established an innovative program for leadership development which has demonstrated positive results in improving the participant's self-confidence, optimism, and social skills in the work setting, along with reducing overall job stress. The Performance Enhancement Program incorporates EMDR and a non-clinical personality instrument to assess the individual's coping style for managing stress in the workplace. Specific strategies for identifying negative & positive cognitions unique to this population are noted for the EMDR protocol. The program includes a description of the set-up, protocols, pilot program, implementation, and follow-up ("refresher course option") used with Marathon County managers and administrators.

Keywords: Leadership Development  Management Stress  Performance Enhancement  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

244. Cox, R. P., & Howard, M. D. (2007, January). Utilization of EMDR in the treatment of sexual addiction: A case study. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 14(1), 1-20. doi:10.1080/10720160601011299 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Sexual addiction is strongly anchored in shame and trauma. Research conducted over the last fifteen years has consistently shown the prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in this population. The resultant trauma can present as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has become a leading method of intervention with trauma and PTSD with effective results in an extremely short time. This paper will examine the issues of trauma in the etiology and treatment of sexual addiction. The use of EMDR as a specific intervention will be highlighted through the use of a clinical case study.

Keywords: Addiction Disorders  Adult  Clinical Case Study  Sex Therapy  Sexual Addiction  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

245. Forgash, C. A. (1997, Spring). Utilizing EMDR consultation in a concurrent treatment model. The Clinician, 28(2), 1-2.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Concurrent psychotherapy is valuable by providing timely interventions to patients with specialized needs. Clinicians refer patients for psychiatric consultations group work and to therapists who specialize in problem areas such as panic disorder, trauma, child abuse issues and substance abuse. Such traumas as child sexual abuse, family violence and disasters result in a large population suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and other Dissociative Disorders. Other patients have long-standing depressions, panic and psychosomatic disorders, performance anxiety and phobias stemming from traumas which do not resolve in traditional psychotherapy.

Keywords: Concurrent Treatment Model  Consultation  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

246. Tarquinio C., Schmitt, A., & Tarquinio, P. (2012, January-March). Violences conjugales et psychothérapie eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR): études de cas [Conjugal violence and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Case studies]. L’évolution Psychiatrique, 77(1), 97-108. doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2011.11.002 .

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cet article décrit les effets d’une prise en charge de femmes victimes de violences conjugales par la thérapie Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). L’objectif était de mettre en évidence les effets curatifs de la thérapie EMDR en ce qui concerne la réduction des symptômes d’état de stress posttraumatique (ESPT), d’anxiété et de dépression. La population était constituée de cinq femmes ayant suivi entre trois et neuf sessions de 60 minutes d’EMDR. Les femmes prises en charge grâce à la thérapie EMDR, voient l’ESPT et l’anxiété dont elles souffraient accuser une baisse significative et durable (maintenue à la réévaluation, six mois après la prise en charge). Les résultats obtenus vont dans le sens d’une efficacité de la thérapie EMDR auprès de ce public particulier. Ces études de cas permettent de se pencher sur la fac¸on dont se résorbent les symptômes d’ESPT (vitesse de diminution rapide mais non homogène entre les différents symptômes). Malgré l’absence de groupe contrôle constituant une limite, ces études de cas laissent entrevoir des résultats encourageants et dégagent des pistes de réflexion en vue de nouvelles études.

The objective of this article is to investigate the effects of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing treatment for victims of domestic violence. Five women were offered treatment with between three and nine 60-minute EMDR sessions. Assessments were completed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at the 6-month follow-up, with the purpose of demonstrating the ability of EMDR psychotherapy to reduce Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Results showed a significant reduction in PTSD scores (intrusion, avoidance symptoms), anxiety, and depression, and were maintained after 6 months. This study opens up original perspectives for the treatment of domestic violence victims. The question of EMDR therapy's adequacy and pertinence for the treatment of domestic violence will be discussed. In any case, EMDR therapy seems to offer a promising therapeutic, social, and clinical response for this population, which is often difficult to treat.

Keywords: Anxiety  Cognitive Therapy  Depression: Domestic Violence  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  Psychological Balance  PTSD  Questionnaire  Symptom Clinical Case  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

247. Lilley, S. A., Andrade, J., Turpin, G., Sabin-Farrell, R., & Holmes, E. A. (2009, September). Visuospatial working memory interference with recollections of trauma. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48(3), 309–321. doi:10.1348/014466508X398943.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objectives: Laboratory research using a working memory framework has shown modality-specific reductions in image vividness and emotionality when concurrent tasks are performed while maintaining the image in consciousness. We extended this research to trauma images in a clinical population awaiting treatment for post-traumatic stress symptoms. Design: A within-subjects design was used, with each participant completing an imagery task under three concurrent task conditions: side-to-side eye-movements, counting, and exposure only (no concurrent task). Methods: Eighteen participants selected three images each, the images being those that were the most distressing from participants’ trauma memories and most likely to intrude involuntarily. Participants gave baseline ratings of the vividness and emotionality of each of their trauma images. Each image was assigned to a condition. Each condition comprised 8 trials in which participants recollected the appropriate image for 8 s while performing eye-movements, counting or no concurrent task, and then rated its vividness and emotionality. Follow-up ratings were obtained by telephone 1 week later. Results: The eye-movement task reduced vividness and emotionality of the trauma images relative to the counting task and exposure only, but did so only during the imagery period and not at follow-up. The images were predominantly visual. Conclusions: Concurrent tasks matched to the modality of trauma images may provide a useful treatment aid for temporarily dampening emotional responses to recollections of trauma.

Keywords: Trauma  Memory  Visuospatial Working Memory Interference  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

248. Jayatunge, R. M. (2010, April 15). War trauma experienced by the Sri Lankan combatants. Sri Lankan Guardian.

Language: English

Format: Newspaper

Abstract:
In the Sri Lankan conflict, the impact of war and extreme stress on civilian population has been highlighted over the years. However, war traumas experienced by the combatants were not adequately shown. Over the past few decades, some extreme reports had dehumanized the images of the combatants and publicized combatants as perpetrators of violence. But a very few realize that the war trauma affected the soldiers in tremendous proportions.

Keywords: Combat  Sri Lanka  Trauma  War  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

249. Altink, A. J. A., van Terwisga, P., Helms, F. D. G., & Oostenbroek, S. H. (2012). Word tracking task as an alternative to horizontal eye movements in the reduction of vividness and emotionality of aversive memories in EMDR. Social Cosmos, 3(2), 185-199.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
When treating a patient with PTSD, therapists often use eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In EMDR patients make horizontal eye movements (HEM) while the image of a traumatic memory is recalled. Various studies showed that making HEM during recall of an aversive memory results in a decline in vividness and emotionality of this memory. This study aimed to create an alternative task that would be less physically demanding for the therapist than applying HEM. This task should, according to the working memory (WM) hypothesis, tax the WM as much as HEM. To accomplish this goal, a word-tracking task (WTT) was created in which an oval that moved over a matrix with color-words had to be followed with the eyes. Experiment I showed that the WTT taxes WM, though not as much as HEM. In experiment II, both the WTT and HEM resulted in a decrease in vividness and emotionality of an aversive memory. The results obtained raise questions about a supposed linear relationship between the WM-taxing and EMDR-efficacy of tasks. Further investigation of this relationship is recommended. Also recommended is further study in a clinical population. The WTT seems to be a good alternative for horizontal eye movements in EMDR.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder  PTSD  Working Memory  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

250. Gattinara, P. C. (2009). Working with EMDR in chronic incapacitating diseases: The experience of a neuromuscular diseases center. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 169-177. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.169.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article examines the use of EMDR in a rehabilitation center to deal with traumatic experiences associated with serious incapacitating disease. Through clinical examples, the author describes the utility and function of EMDR treatment in helping both patients and their families overcome the frightening events related to the worsening of the illness and in helping them cope with feelings of loss and separation. The usefulness of attachment theory for a better comprehension of the dysfunctional interpersonal patterns that can arise between family members is discussed. In addition, the importance of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is explored in helping to facilitate secure attachment relationships between patients and their caregivers, allowing the families to grow closer and more supportive. EMDR appears to offer specific advantages in treating this especially difficult population, affording patients who live with a chronic condition of extreme physical vulnerability a sense of greater control over their own bodies and therefore over their own lives.

Keywords: Attachment  Neuromuscular Pathologies  Respiratory Crisis  Traumatic Events  

Accuracy Verified: Yes

251. Turner, S. (2008, June). “A human rights framework in trauma work". Keynote presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Some people survive trauma only to find themselves continuing to live in very real danger of further deliberate harm. This happens, for example, on a large scale where the state uses repressive violence against communities and at a personal level in many types of intra-familial violence, but there are many other illustrations. One of the first steps that we often make as therapists is to clarify that the traumatic experience has come to an end and that the survivor is ready, and feels safe enough, to deal with the emotional components of their past experiences. Victims of violence may come from disadvantaged or minority groups in society and it is often insufficient to rely only on the goodwill of the majority population to achieve this sense of safety. It is essential that there should be human rights policies with the force of law to protect vulnerable people and allow them to achieve justice and a sense of efficacy. This year is the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, an inspirational document prepared after the Second World War, and yet, unfortunately, human rights abuses remain all too common. The interplay between the legal framework of human rights and the therapeutic framework of clinical practice is not always straightforward to negotiate. Problems may occur, for example, for refugees who escape from persecution but whose legal cases in their new country of asylum take years to settle, children experiencing continuing abuse but who are too afraid to talk, adult rape survivors who feel too ashamed to disclose and who would expect a prosecution to fail anyway. An ethical framework for our practice is required which fully takes into account the therapeutic needs of the survivor; their legal right to justice, protection and acknowledgment of harm done; and their personal wishes.

Keywords: Keynote  

Accuracy Verified: Yes