Francine Shapiro Library ~ EMDR Bibliography

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1. 陈维樑 [Chen Wei-Liang]. (2008, 年10月[October]). 复杂哀伤,EMDR和“人格结构性解体”理论 [Complicated grief, EMDR and the "structural disintegration of personality" theory]. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress for Psychotherapy, Beijing, China.

Language: Chinese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the "Structural Dissociation of the Personality" as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various aspects of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the "Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality". The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different aspects of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. (Presented in English)

Keywords: Complication Grief Personality Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

2. Barreda-Hanson, C. (2012, Septiember). Adaptación del EMDR y terapia breve centrada en el cliente para cambiar percepciones negativas y traumaticas [EMDR adaption of brief client-centered therapy to change negative and traumatic perceptions]. Presentación en la 70 Conferencia Anual del International Council of Psychologist(ICP), Sevilla, España.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
El estrés subsiguiente después de un traumatismo, representa un trastorno disfuncional – tanto interno como externo – que se manifiesta en alteraciones en el reconocimiento cognitivo y en los comportamientos, llevando además asociados síntomas somáticos, afloramiento de problemas inconscientes y ansiedades. Pues una de las características del estrés post-traumático, es precisamente la pérdida de equilibrio entre el mundo interno y externo de quien lo sufre. Por eso, ante la complejidad de las respuestas post-traumáticas, éstas se pueden catalogar en gran medida dentro de las perturbaciones psicopatológicas. El estrés psicológico surge por una situación estresante “real”, externa, tangible y la reacción ante esta difícil experiencia, evoca un conjunto bastante universal y coherente de síntomas y respuestas que provocan reacciones primitivas relacionadas con temores inconscientes ante las amenazas a la vida, que hacen aflorar incipientemente fantasías e impulsos abrumadores. Los resultados son los pensamientos disfuncionales que conducen a las respuestas y a los comportamientos desadaptativos. Objetivos: el taller está diseñado para proporcionar a estudiantes y profesionales de la Psicología – que trabajan o desean trabajar en esta área del trauma y el cambio de comportamientos -, la habilidad para utilizar eficaz y rápidamente intervenciones breves, que puedan poner en practicar incluso en casa. En el taller se estudiará la forma inicial de evaluar, tanto al trauma como a la clientela. Se trabajará la historia del trauma y se profundizará en sus consecuencias y en cómo diseñar las intervenciones breves para hacerles frente. También se centrará en averiguar qué cambios quieren los y las clientes a través de relatos y visualizaciones, utilizando una adaptación de las terapias EMDR y la Solución Enfocada tanto a crear el cambio deseado, como a mantenerlo. En consecuencia el taller es de particular interés para quienes trabajan con personas que han sufrido cualquier tipo de trauma, o quienes perciben acontecimientos de la vida, experiencias, etc. que les afectan de forma negativa en su día a día. También es útil para las personas que sufren de TOC, sobre todo trastornos del pensamiento. Los aspectos más útiles de las dos técnicas que se han adaptado junto con otras innovaciones de la autora, guardan relación con la creación de un ambiente seguro, no-traumático, que actúa rápidamente y que además, se puede realizar en casa sin peligro de consecuencias negativas. Objetivos específicos: 1. Ser capaz de describir e identificar las manifestaciones del trauma. 2. Aprender y describir dos técnicas terapéuticas breves en el tratamiento del trauma 3. Definir una técnica breve terapéutica que puede ser utilizada para fomentar el cambio 4. Destacar el rol del o de la terapeuta durante el tratamiento de los traumatismos 5. Ser capaz de describir, diseñar y establecer metas de la terapia y promover cambios mediante el uso de técnicas de terapia breve. Métodos: la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR), es un método complejo e integrador de la psicoterapia individual, mediante el que se guía al cliente utilizando un procedimiento para acceder a sus experiencias y resolver sus problemas conductuales y emocionales. El EMDR utiliza elementos de múltiples orientaciones psicoterapéuticas tanto psicodinámicas, como cognitivo- conductuales, enfoques centrados en el cliente, gestalt y bioenergéticos. La premisa subyacente de EMDR es que las experiencias de pánico y ansiedad se procesan de forma diferente por el cerebro que las experiencias habituales. La teoría subyacente es que durante el estrés, la memoria grava en una parte del cerebro responsable de las emociones de modulación (la amígdala) y se cierra temporalmente otra parte del cerebro (el hipocampo), responsable de procesamiento de la memoria normal. La experiencia traumática queda atrapada en el exterior y potencialmente no forma parte del procesamiento normal del cerebro, y el EMDR permite a la persona acceder a la experiencia y transformarla en memoria declarativa en el hipocampo. Con el método EMDR, el hipocampo se puede abrir a las emociones evocadas por la experiencia para que el/la cliente pueda soportarlas mientras se realiza el tratamiento. La distracción y la atención a la estimulación bilateral, desempeñan un importante papel que ayuda al cliente a experimentar las emociones como tolerables. Aunque cómo la distracción bilateral en concreto, facilita el procesamiento de las experiencias dolorosas, sea algo que todavía no se termina de entender. Por otra parte, las Intervenciones Breves de Terapias enfocadas al Cliente se centran en las excepciones del problema, pensando que a continuación se desarrollará un cambio natural en el comportamiento. Es una especie de visión orientada no en las formas tradicionales, sino hacia el futuro, sin profundizar demasiado en la “patología” sino más bien centrándose en lo que el sistema puede hacer para adaptarse a ella, puesto que ambos pueden decidir si esa “patología” es un problema o no lo es. Las Intervenciones de Terapia Breve enfocadas al Cliente se utilizan para resolver una variedad de problemas de comportamientos y actitudes, mediante el uso de los propios recursos de los y las clientes y las observaciones de las estrategias que utilizan para alcanzar los resultados deseados, en sus situaciones vitales habituales. Se trata de una buena técnica para establecer y mantener un contexto de cambio en el que los pequeños, pero útiles cambios, se anticipan y se buscan. En definitiva, la combinación de ambas técnicas con algunas variaciones desarrolladas por la Dra. Barreda-Hanson, han demostrado ser una herramienta poderosa para mejorar la respuesta al tratamiento en un período de tiempo más corto, teniendo también la ventaja de permitir practicar los ejercicios en casa. Aplicaciones: la aplicación habitual del EMDR ha sido el tratamiento de trastornos emocionales relacionados con eventos muy perturbadores o traumáticos. Pero también se usa para trabajar síntomas preocupantes como la ansiedad, la depresión, la culpa y la ira. E igualmente, se puede utilizar para mejorar recursos emocionales tales como la confianza y la autoestima. Procedimientos: - El taller se impartirá en español y el alumnado recibirá amplios folletos complementarios. - Se realizará en una única jornada, en sesión de mañana para teoría y de tarde para prácticas, trabajando cada modelo por separado. - Se espera que quienes asistan lleven una cuestión-problema sobre la que trabajar utilizando las diversas técnicas, pues aunque se utilizarán múltiples ej. de casos reales, se alentará a quienes participen a traer sus propias experiencias e ideas para debatir y trabajar sobre ellas.

The subsequent stress after trauma represents a dysfunctional disorder - internal and external - that is manifested in alterations in cognitive recognition and behavior, besides being associated somatic symptoms outcrop unconscious problems and anxieties. As one of the characteristics of post-traumatic stress, is the loss of balance between internal and external world of the sufferer. Therefore, given the complexity of post-traumatic responses, they can be categorized largely into psychopathological disturbances. Psychological stress arises from a stressful situation "real" external, tangible and reaction to this difficult experience, quite evokes a universal and consistent set of symptoms that cause reactions and responses primitive unconscious fears related to threats to life, which bring out fantasies and impulses incipiently overwhelming. The results are the thoughts that lead to dysfunctional responses and maladaptive behaviors. Objectives: The workshop is designed to provide students and psychology professionals - who work or want to work in this area of trauma and behavior change - the ability to quickly and efficiently use brief interventions, which may put in practice even in house. The workshop will explore how to evaluate initial both trauma as to clients. It will work history of trauma and its consequences will deepen and how design brief interventions to address them. It will also focus on finding out what changes customers want and through stories and views, using an adaptation of EMDR therapy and Solution Focused both to create the desired change, and to keep it. Thus the workshop is of particular interest to those working with people who have suffered any kind of trauma, or who perceive life events, experiences, etc.. that negatively affect them in their day to day. Also useful for persons suffering from OCD, especially disorders of thought. The most useful of the two techniques that have adapted along with other innovations of the author, are related to the creation of a safe, non-traumatic, acting quickly and also can be done at home without fear of consequences negative. Specific objectives: 1. Be able to describe and identify the manifestations of trauma. 2. Learn and describe two brief therapeutic techniques in the treatment of trauma 3. Define a short therapeutic technique that can be used to promote change 4. Outline the role of the therapist or during treatment of injuries 5. Be able to describe, design and establish goals of therapy and promote change through the use of brief therapy techniques. Methods: Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement (EMDR), is a complex and inclusive method of individual psychotherapy, which is guided by the client using a procedure to access their experiences and address their behavioral and emotional problems. The EMDR uses multiple elements of both psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approaches as cognitive-behavioral, client-centered approaches, gestalt and bioenergy. The underlying premise of EMDR is that experiences panic and anxiety are processed differently by the brain than normal experiences. The underlying theory is that during stress, gravel memory part of the brain responsible for emotions modulation (amygdala) and temporarily closes another part of the brain (hippocampus), responsible for normal memory processing. The trapped traumatic experience abroad and potentially not part of the normal brain processing, and EMDR allows people access to the experience and transform it into declarative memory in the hippocampus. With EMDR, the hippocampus can be opened to the emotions evoked by the experience that he / the client is able to bear while performing the treatment. Distraction and attention to bilateral stimulation, play an important role to help the client to experience emotions as tolerable. Although bilateral distraction how specifically facilitates the processing of painful experiences, is something that is not yet fully understood. Moreover, brief interventions focused Customer Therapies focus on the exceptions of the problem, thinking that then will develop a natural change in behavior. It is a kind of non-oriented view on traditional forms, but to the future, without going too deeply into the "pathology" but rather focus on what the system can do to adapt to it, since both can decide whether this "pathology "is a problem or not. Brief therapy interventions focused Customer are used to solve a variety of problem behaviors and attitudes, using their own resources and comments from customers and the strategies used to achieve the desired results in their situations normal life. This is a good technique to establish and maintain a context of change in that small but useful changes, anticipate and seek. In short, the combination of both techniques with some variations developed by Dr. Barreda Hanson, have proved a powerful tool for improving the response to therapy in a shorter period of time, having also the advantage of allowing in practice exercises house. Applications: the routine application of EMDR has been the treatment of emotional disorders associated with very disturbing or traumatic events. But also used to work worrying symptoms such as anxiety, depression, guilt and anger. And also, can be used to enhance emotional resources such as confidence and self-esteem. Procedures: - The workshop will be taught in Spanish and students will receive extensive additional brochures. - Will be held in a single day, in morning session and afternoon theory to practice, working each model separately. - Who are expected to attend with a question-problem on which to work using various techniques, for example, although multiple use. real cases, those involved are encouraged to bring their own experiences and ideas to discuss and work on them.

Keywords: Brief Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

3. Knipe, J. (2010, July). Adaptive information processing as a guiding framework for the treatment of addictive disorders and addictive behavior patterns. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Within our field, the term “addiction” has been used to describe not only chemical dependence but also entrenched, selfdefeating behavior patterns. Either type of addiction may develop in the context of traumatic experience. An impulse to engage in addictive behavior can be thought of as a part of a dysfunctionally-stored memory network connected with traumatic events. In this workshop, an Adaptive Information Processing model of addiction will be presented, including guidelines for treatment planning, preparation, resource installation, urge reduction, and (when necessary) transformation of the addict “identity.” The content of the presentation will be illustrated with video examples.

Keywords: Addictions Addictive Behaviors Addictive Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

4. Wheeler, M. S. (1997, December). Adlerian interventions and applications: The creating context technique. Journal of Individual Psychology, 53(4), 396-406.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Therapists who are trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (Shapiro, 1995) may try using the Creating Context Technique when a client is not stable enough for EMDR or when a client is unwilling to try EMDR. An example will be presented to demonstrate the use of the technique with a typical problem.

Keywords: Adlerian Psychotherapy Adlerian Psychotherapy Connexions Focusing Technique Psychotherapeutic Techniques

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5. Vogelmann-Sine, S., Popky, A. J., Lazrove, S., Sine, L., Speare, J., Wade, D., & Wade, T. (1995, June). Advanced clinical applications of EMDR to addictive behaviors. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop addresses the application of standard and modified EMDR treatment protocols to addictive and compulsive behaviors including substance abuse/dependence, overeating, smoking, love addiction. Individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors frequently have suffered from childhood trauma and neglect resulting in developmental arrests, as well as a variety of maladaptive behaviors which are trauma-related and serve to minimize pain. The successful implementation of EMDR to addictive behaviors requires that EMDR be used as part of an overall treatment program carefully addressing the needs of individuals who have been traumatized and are exhibiting addictive behaviors. A thorough diagnostic work up is needed aimed at assessing comorbidity, dissociation, and a detailed trauma history covering childhood traumas and traumas suffered as adults including traumas that occur as a consequence of addictive behaviors. Careful client preparation is essential to assist individuals in coping adequately with the high levels of emotion experienced during EMDR Clients' readiness to stop compulsive/addictive behaviors needs to be carefully evaluated. A decision tree aimed at determining the appropriateness of EMDR to individuals diagnosed with addictive behaviors is presented which assists clinicians in minimizing the premature use of EMDR. EMDR is a client centered method, and thus, careful pacing is needed with this population to reprocess underlying traumatic issues. This frequently implies utilizing a modified EMDR treatment protocol with only partial resolutions of underlying traumatic material. Guidelines will be discussed to assist clinicians in selecting EMDR targets for optional results which relate to the stages of recovery. EMDR can be used at all stages of recovery to neutralize the negative impact of memories contributing to problematic behaviors, such as urges to use, ambivalence about treatment, fear of facing painfull feelings from the past. EMDR also has the power to install templates for future actions which assist individuals with skill deficits in more rapidly acquiring necessary skills for a successful recovery. Examples of cognitive interweaves are presented which take into consideration clients' readiness, as well as the need to accelerate the recovery process. EMDR has a unique role in the recovery of traumatized individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors since the accelerated processing of negative experiences and the installation of positive adaptive cognitions assist clients in more rapidly overcoming barriers throughout the recovery process. It also challenges rigid approaches to recovery which frequently stress that trauma work should not be attempted before abstinence has been accomplished for a specified period of time. EMDR is especially valuable in processing core issues which center around shame and manifest in cognitions, such as "I am defective," "There is something wrong with me," "I am not good enough," "I am not quite right," "I don't belong," "I don't deserve to live." Case examples will be given as to how such core issues can be targeted to accelerate the recovery process. A.J. Popky has developed a specialized EMDR treatment protocol which targets levels of urges of addictive/compulsive behaviors directly and installs a positive internal state of feeling empowered without relying on compulsive and addictive behaviors. Case examples fiom clinical practice indicate that when levels of urges are targeted directly, underlying traumas frequently emerge without increasing clients' usage. The symposium addresses the application of this protocol to a range of addictive and compulsive behaviors. The Wades' integrative psychotherapy combines ego-state therapy and EMDR in a psychosocial developmental context. Their substance use disorders treatment program incorporates specialized applications of their integrative psychotherapy, which includes both individual and group therapy and employs hypnosis as well as EMDR Their presentation focuses on applications of the standard EMDR protocol in individual therapy, which is limited primarily to desensitization of dysphoric affect and reprocessing negative cognitions associated with grief and trauma. Their conceptual framework of substance use disorders proceeds from a goal of reducing the harm caused by substance use and a primary distinction between functional and autonomous use (rather than the DSM conceptualizations of "dependence" or "abuse") because this guides interventions. Initial treatment planning depends upon external constraints (e.g., lack of support for positive change, hostile environment), internal limitations (e.g., severity of substance use and its effects, neurocognitive deficits, inadequate "ego strength," lack of skills, disrupted psychosocial development, psychological trauma) and the nature of the substance use disorder (i.e., functional, autonomous, or both). Methods include education about substance use disorders and processes of change, group therapy to develop skills and obtain feedback and support, individual therapy to correct disrupted development and resolve traumatic stress reactions, and exercises to apply what is learned in real-life situations. The standard EMDR protocol is applied to disrupted development involving grief and to resolve psychological trauma that lead to substance use. Case vignettes in which such applications of the standard EMDR protocol were employed are presented in detail.

Keywords: Addictions Substance Abuse Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

6. Litt, B. (2008). Advanced techniques in the use of EMDR to treat complex trauma. www.barrylittmft.com.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Summary • Pathogenic family dynamics (relational configurations) are internalized as ego state conflicts • The resulting ego state system is a structured complementation of the loyalty system • The subjective sense of Self (and corresponding relational attitude) is adaptive to the original, formative context[Excerpt]

Keywords: Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

7. Tibaldi, M. (1996, June). Analytical psychology and EMDR: “active imagination” and “eye movements” in Jungian practice. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this paper I shall be talking about the integration of eye movements in Jungian analysis. I am going to open my paper with a short historical premise, in order to frame Carl Gustav Jung's analytical psychology within the broader context of depth psychologies; then I shall be describing the most important concepts of Jungian model and the methodology of active imagination, explaining, to the end, through a short clinical example, the reasons why I have been induced to integrate 'eye movements' and 'active imagination' in the analytical setting, to process, in particular, 'opaque' somatic symptoms. The aim of this paper is to point out, on the one hand, the surprising affinity among some aspects of the Jungian model, EMDR and the results of contemporary neuro-scientific trauma researchs and to show, on the other hand, the synergic effect of eye movements and active imagination in enlightening and unconscious sufferings.

Keywords: Analytical Psychology Jung

Accuracy Verified: Yes

8. Vos, S. M. (2005, December). An application of the transtheoretical model to a case of sexual trauma in middle childhood. University of Stellenbosch. doi:10019.1/2938 .

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This study demonstrates the use of the transtheoretical model in the context of sexual trauma in middle childhood. Exploring contemporary literature I found that there is no literature in South Africa available on this topic. It was not until 1997 that the transtheoretical model was implemented internationally with regard to sexual abuse. Taking this in consideration, I realised that there was much scope for exploring, discovering and reflecting on the transtheoretical model and its use within the boundaries of childhood sexual trauma. A qualitative case study within the social constructivist/interpretive paradigm, was chosen as research design. The study involved a participant in middle childhood. Elna (pseudonym) was selected from referrals from the Child Protection Unit of the South African Police Services to the Unit for Educational Psychology at Stellenbosch. The reason for referring Elna to the Unit was because of the negative and diverse effects sexual trauma had on her life story. The study explores the transtheoretical model and the appropriateness thereof as alternative treatment model in a case of sexual trauma, as well as insight into progression of the client in the therapeutic process. Data was collected by means of interviews and therapy sessions during which Narrative therapy, EMDR, sandtray therapy (used in a narrative context) and art therapy techniques were used in an integrated manner. The data was analysed by means of interpreting codes, categories and themes. The study concluded with a discussion of the findings and a reflection on the impact the use of the transtheoretical model had on me as a research-therapist-in-training. The literature review and the findings of this research suggest that the transtheoretical model can be applied effectively to a case of sexual trauma in middle childhood. The use of the model also gives insight into progression of the client in the therapeutic process. Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.

Keywords: Narrative Therapy South Africa Transtheoretical Model

Accuracy Verified: Yes

9. Callipo, N. (2007-2008). Applicazioni del pensiero controfattuale negli esiti post-traumatici [Applications of counterfactual thinking in post-traumatic events]. Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Applicazione del pensiero controfattuale negli esiti post-traumatici 1. Introduzione. Il pensiero controfattuale è un processo che esprime la capacità di riflettere e modificare gli scenari di situazioni da cui sarebbero potuti conseguire esiti differenti dalla realtà. Nella quotidianità è comune che un sentimento di rammarico – il regret - venga provato a seguito di una discrepanza tra i risultati attesi e la realtà. La ricerca e l’esperienza condivisa dicono che, rilevare le differenze tra ciò che avremmo voluto e ciò che abbiamo ottenuto, ci aiuta a pianificare azioni più efficaci nel futuro. Tuttavia, in condizioni di elevato stress, come quello provato dopo un evento indesiderato e traumatico, possono fare irruzione nella coscienza pensieri nella forma “Se solo non fossi stato così…”, oppure “Se solo non avessi fatto” o “Se avessi fatto qualcosa per evitare tutto ciò”; nel tentativo di annullare (undoing) idealmente le conseguenze dell’accaduto. Questi pensieri controfattuali possono sortire l’effetto di amplificare emozioni e sentimenti come il biasimo, la rabbia, la vergogna e il senso di colpa. L’attitudine alla generazione automatica, indiscriminata e non finalizzata all’azione, di domande e affermazioni ricorsive, può condensarsi in un particolare stile di pensiero – la ruminazione – che sottende sensazioni di disagio diffuse e invalidanti, come gli stati depressivi, ansiosi ed ossessivi. La prima parte di questo lavoro è occupato da una rassegna sulle ricerche che, inizialmente, pongono il pensiero controfattuale nel quadro delle più generali abilità di problem-solving; successivamente, la prospettiva funzionale, riesce a farne risaltare il versante adattivo, rilevante ai fini della regolazione degli stati affettivi e, più in generale, del mantenimento della salute mentale. Nella seconda parte viene discusso il ruolo del pensiero controfattuale, in relazione al suo versante disfunzionale , con particolare riguardo agli esiti post-traumatici. Nella terza parte vengono analizzati i modelli di elaborazione delle informazioni che riconoscono un ruolo al pensiero controfattuale nella regolazione dell’umore, citando alcuni paradigmi psicoterapeutici, tra cui l’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), ideato da Francine Shapiro. Per verificare l’applicazione del pensiero controfattuale nel trattamento degli esiti post-traumatici sono stati riportati due esempi: uno tratto dalla letteratura sull’EMDR e un caso di disturbo ansioso-depressivo, in trattamento con psicoterapia a orientamento cognitivo.

Application of counterfactual thinking in a post-traumatic results. Introduction. The counterfactual thinking is a process that expresses the ability to reflect and change scenarios of situations that could have been large gains different from reality. In everyday life it is common that a feeling of regret - the regret - should be tried as a result of a discrepancy between expected results and reality. The research says that shared experience, point out the differences between what we wanted and what we have achieved, helps us to plan more effective actions in the future. However, under conditions of high stress, such as that experienced after a traumatic event and unwanted, they can break into the conscious thoughts in the form "If only I had not been so ..." or "If only I had not done" or "If I had done something to avoid anything "in an attempt to cancel (undoing) the ideal of what the consequences. These counterfactual thoughts may have the effect of amplifying emotions and feelings such as blame, anger, shame and guilt. The ability to generate automatic, indiscriminate and not action-oriented questions and statements recursive, it can condense into a particular style of thinking - rumination - that underlies feelings of discomfort common and disabling, such as depression, anxiety and obsessive . The first part of this work is occupied by a review of the research that initially pose the counterfactual thinking in the context of more general skills of problem-solving, since then the functional perspective, can bring out the side adaptive, relevant to the regulation of affective states and, more generally, of maintaining mental health. The second part discussed the role of counterfactual thinking, in relation to its dysfunctional side, especially with regard to post-traumatic results. In the third part analyzes the patterns of information processing that recognize a role in regulating mood counterfactual thinking, citing some psychotherapeutic paradigms, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), developed by Francine Shapiro. To test the application of counterfactual thinking in the treatment of post-traumatic results were two examples: one taken from the literature on EMDR and a case of anxiety-depressive disorder, treatment with cognitive-oriented psychotherapy.

Keywords: Counterfactual Thinking Informational Processing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

10. Klaff, F. (1999, December). Ask Doctor Frankie, because…There is no such thing as a silly question (Although I may have a silly answer). EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(4), 11-12.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
I provide some of the questions that people have asked at my trainings on working with children in a family context.

Keywords: Children Questions and Answers

Accuracy Verified: Yes

11. Carter, A. (2007, June). Assessment and treatment of complex PTSD and dissociative disorders in childhood and adolescence, the role and use of EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Damage occurs to a child’s self in the context of relationship when raised in an environment of abuse and neglect. This damage to self is manifested through disruptions in development. A child or adolescent will be unable to perform tasks a non-traumatized child or adolescent has not difficulty mastering. These tasks may be physical, emotional, intellectual, sexual, social, or spiritual. When these disruptions become manifest in the environment with which the child or adolescent is interacting, home, school, or community, conflict arises. The conflict is both internal with self and external in relationship, behavioral, and biological. This is generally when a child or adolescent is brought into therapy for intervention Caregivers are not always aware of the impact traumatic events have on a child’s life or may not want to deal with the impact and the long term implications. The therapeutic relationship is a context outside of the system where the child was traumatized that provide the potential environment and relationship which can facilitate healing for the child, adolescent, and possible, the system in which they live.
Children and adolescents with a complex PTSD will often employ the use of dissociation as a way to cope with overwhelming events or chronically dysfunctional lifestyles. The degree and way in which the child dissociates to self regulate internal systems will determine behavioural and neurological trajectories in their life such as, how the child will cope, rupture of developmental task attainment, and it will determine what type of attachment process the child experiences. Also determined are: impulse control, sleep regulation, meta cognitive functioning, neurobiological processes and the integrative processes of self. When there is no therapeutic intervention, the self which emerges as a result of these processes is a “traumatic self” organization, that is a self structural in response to traumatic experience determined to avoid the repetition of the traumatic experience “at all costs.” The biological body that emerges is the traumatized body organized for avoidance in the forms of fighting, fleeing, or freezing and submitting.
The assessment phase of therapy will map for the therapist and client where the internal dysregulation occur, what are the maladaptive response which have been developed, and what the negative beliefs are which all contribute to the construction of the “traumatic self." There are a variety of assessment tools specifically designed for this purpose.
Once the map is established, a plan can be developed to use with children and adolescents and family for therapy and for EMDR. There are a variety of models which have been developed to use with children and adolescents to process bad memories, negative cognitions and to strengthen internal resources. EMDR can also be used to facilitate state change, strengthen self regulatory capacities, and promote integrative processes of authentic self, facilitating healing throughout self, body, and relational systems.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

12. Oglesby, C. (1999). Assessment of the appropriateness of EMDR use in sport interventions. Symposium conducted at the annual conference of the Association of the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Initial research indicated extraordinary efficacy ofEMDR interventions with various forms of trauma. As more and more research was undertaken, often by researchers removed from clinical EMDR experience, contradictions emerged and EMDR samples sometimes fared no better than others. Recent research with an athletic population indicated that possible "individual differences" characteristics of potential subjects mayaccount for some of the previous contradictory results. Possible screening devices will be discussed in the context of a successful case study report.

Keywords: Athletes Interventions Sports Psychology Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

13. Nickerson, M. (2012, October). Attachment at the societal level: Reprocessing internalized stigma and oppression. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Attachment challenges also occur at the societal level as individuals seek to integrate in a meaningful way into social groups and the larger society. An added dimension of clinical work awakens with a cultural context lens that understands social identity and addresses the traumatic impact of social marginalization and oppression. The AIP model successfully predicts that internalized stigma and oppression can be dismantled by building inner resources, reprocessing memories associated with experiencing discrimination and integrating new knowledge about social dynamics. Practical EMDR based strategies will be portrayed with clinical examples, videotaped sessions and the validating feedback from over 60 EMDR therapists who explored these issues in training practicums.

Keywords: Attachment Internalized Stigma Oppression

Accuracy Verified: Yes

14. Forbes, D., Creamer, M., Phelps, A., Bryant, R., McFarlane, A., Devilly, G. J., Lynda Matthews, L., Raphael, B., Doran, C., Merlin, T., & Skye N. (2007, August). Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(8), 637-648. doi:10.1080/00048670701449161.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Over the past 2-3 years, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD) have been developed in the USA and UK. There remained a need, however, for the development of Australian CPGs for the treatment of ASD and PTSD tailored to the national health-care context. Therefore, the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health in collaboration with national trauma experts, has recently developed Australian CPGs for adults with ASD and PTSD, which have been endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In consultation with a multidisciplinary reference panel (MDP), research questions were determined and a systematic review of the evidence was then conducted to answer these questions (consistent with NHMRC procedures). On the basis of the evidence reviewed and in consultation with the MDP, a series of practice recommendations were developed. The practice recommendations that have been developed address a broad range of clinical questions. Key recommendations indicate the use of trauma-focused psychological therapy (cognitive behavioural therapy or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in addition to in vivo exposure) as the most effective treatment for ASD and PTSD. Where medication is required for the treatment of PTSD in adults, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants should be the first choice. Medication should not be used in preference to trauma-focused psychological therapy. In the immediate aftermath of trauma, practitioners should adopt a position of watchful waiting and provide psychological first aid. Structured interventions such as psychological debriefing, with a focus on recounting the traumatic event and ventilation of feelings, should not be offered on a routine basis. [InformaWorld]

Keywords: ASD Guidelines Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

15. Chen, L. (2008, June). Bereavement, EMDR & structural dissociation of the personality theory. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Poster Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the “Structural Dissociation of the Personality” as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, & Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various levels of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the “Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality”. The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different levels of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. [Note: Poster and Word Versions]

Keywords: Dissociation Personality Theory Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

16. Marich, J. (2012, April). Beyond client, clinician and method: Enhancing empathy in the practice of EMDR/Au delà du client, du clinicien et de la méthode : favoriser l'empathie dans la pratique de l'EMDR . Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Even with her emphasis on fidelity to the protocols of EMDR, Shapiro acknowledges the importance of the therapeutic alliance. She described the execution of EMDR as an essential interaction between client, method, and clinician. This workshop encourages participants to take Shapiro’s thinking a step further. After attending this workshop, participants will be able explain what a general literature review of the psychotherapeutic professions reveals about the importance of empathy in treatment. After participating in a guided imagery exercise that is designed to foster empathy, participants will be able to identify with the experience of a new client presenting for and experiencing EMDR treatment. Finally, participants will be able to evaluate one’s own capacity for empathy within the therapeutic context and apply it to their own EMDR practice. Learning objectives: 1.To explain what a general literature review of the psychotherapeutic professions reveals about the importance of empathy and therapeutic alliance in treatment (regardless of specific method) 2.To identify with the experience of a new client presenting for and experiencing EMDR treatment 3.To evaluate one’s own capacity or empathy within the therapeutic context and apply it to their own EMDR practice

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

17. Laliotis, D. (2010, April/May). Beyond trauma: Rebuilding the self with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Clients who present with life-long relationship problems and serious self-esteem issues often have pervasive developmental deficits that manifest as attachment and/or character disorders. While EMDR is an efficient treatment, addressing the early life experiences that contribute to a client’s ongoing difficulties is more than just reprocessing the nodal events of childhood; it is about generating corrective experiences of self in relationship with others. Participants will learn how to use EMDR to facilitate the uncoupling of negative core beliefs and core affects from positive, more adaptive aspects of self that have been depressed, dissociated, or otherwise undeveloped. To this end, clinicians will learn how to actively utilize the client’s emergent experience of self within the context of EMDR processing using an expanded repertoire of cognitive interweave strategies. Materials will be presented through lecture and videotape of actual continuous clinical cases as well as a large group discussion format in which participants will be able to discuss their own cases with the presenter. (All Levels)

Keywords: Rebuilding Self

Accuracy Verified: Yes

18. Nieuwenhuis, S., Elzinga, B. M., Ras, P., Berends, F., Duijs, P., Samara, Z., & Slagter, H. (2013, February). Bilateral saccadic eye movements and tactile stimulation, but not auditory stimulation, enhance memory retrieval. Brain & Cognition, 81(1), 52-56. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2012.10.003.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Recent research has shown superior memory retrieval when participants make a series of horizontal saccadic eye movements between the memory encoding phase and the retrieval phase compared to participants who do not move their eyes or move their eyes vertically. It has been hypothesized that the rapidly alternating activation of the two hemispheres that is associated with the series of left–right eye movements is critical in causing the enhanced retrieval. This hypothesis predicts a beneficial effect on retrieval of alternating left–right stimulation not only of the visuomotor system, but also of the somatosensory system, both of which have a strict contralateral organization. In contrast, this hypothesis does not predict an effect, or a weaker effect, on retrieval of alternating left–right stimulation of the auditory system, which has a much less lateralized organization. Consistent with these predictions, we replicated the horizontal saccade-induced retrieval enhancement (Experiment 1) and showed that a similar retrieval enhancement occurs after alternating left–right tactile stimulation (Experiment 2). Furthermore, retrieval was not enhanced after alternating left–right auditory stimulation compared to simultaneous bilateral auditory stimulation (Experiment 3). We discuss the possibility that alternating bilateral activation of the left and right hemispheres exerts its effects on memory by increasing the functional connectivity between the two hemispheres. We also discuss the findings in the context of clinical practice, in which bilateral eye movements (EMDR) and auditory stimulation are used in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. [Copyright &y& Elsevier].

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation Memory Retrieval Saccadic Eye Movements Saccades Tactile Stimulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

19. Fisher, J. (2007, September 29). The body as a shared whole: Somatic interventions for working with trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the Quarterly Meeting Program of The New England Society for the Treatment of Trauma and Dissociation.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
To stabilize overwhelming symptoms, integrate memories, and overcome the terror of intimacy, traumatized clients must establish sufficient safety in the body that they do not continue to recreate the unsafe world of childhood. Otherwise, the “child in the nightmare” from decades ago remains lost in time, demoralized by internal critics and terrified by the threats of hypervigilant internal protectors. Because the body is the container for all past and present experience and for all parts of the self, somatically oriented approaches can address the intense and often baffling reactions of these patients in a way that is both simple and effective. This workshop will demonstrate bodyoriented interventions for working with traumatized and dissociative patients drawn from Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and easily integrated into EMDR, IFS, and traditional talking therapies. Through the use of lecture, videotape, and demonstration, participants will have the opportunity to observe somatically informed solutions to a number of common clinical challenges encountered in trauma treatment. Capitalizing on recent advances in the research on attachment and trauma, the workshop will also provide a context for understanding how to use the therapeutic relationship to provide a safe “container” for both patient and therapist in the challenging work of trauma treatment.

Keywords: Dissociation Somatic Interventions Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

20. Emard, P. (1995, June). A brief look at MRI brief therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The MRI approach to brief therapy originated out of the serendipitous coming together of several incredibly creative minds that resulted in a form of psychotherapy in which the major goal was to make psychotherapy more efficient and more effective. It evolved out of research project on communication begun by anthropologist Gregory Bateson that soon involved the work of hypnotherapist Milton H. Erickson and psychiatrist Don Jackson. John Weakland, Jay Haley, Paul Watzlawick and Richard Fisch began to publish the ideas that resulted fiom the early research findings and in doing so developed a particular set of assumptions about the formation and resolution of human problems that differed significantly from traditional treatment models of the time. Further refinements through the clinical application of these methods resulted in a model of treatment that was a pioneer of the brief psychotherapy movement. It is based on a non-normative and non-pathological way of viewing people with problems; it looks at people in the context of their living situations; it resists the idea of client resistance, it places great emphasis on the use of language; and it seeks to amplify client assets and resources and minimize client liabilities and shortcomings. Brief therapists assume a willingness to be an active change agent for the benefit of their clients. They accept responsibility for creating an atmosphere of respect, patience, and creativity in which clients can find alternative ways to think and behave. They believe they have a set of tasks to perform that will hopefully result in the resolution or, as a minimum, the diminishment of the problem situation for which the client originally sought help. These tasks consist of a combination of ways of thinking and acting that are designed to increase the likelihood that the client will experience relief from a painful problem. One of the main tasks for a brief therapist is to find ways to construe the problems presented by the client so that a solution can be found. Brief therapists inquire into the interactional systemic aspects of a problem, the context or environment in which the problem occurs, the people involved in the problematic situation, and the ways the client has attempted to resolve the problem thus far. Another very important task is to identify and gain access to the persons who are the most interested in and willing to work toward changing the problem situation. The idea here is to spend the bulk of the therapeutic time and effort working with the person who is most invested in the change process. Brief therapists find ways to appeal to this person's values and belief systems so that (s)he will engage in activities and/or alter her/his behavior in ways that are likely to change the problem situation. A third task on which brief therapists concentrate is the establishment of clear, concrete, and doable goals of treatment. They collaborate with the client to determine what the client hopes to gain from treatment and when the client will know she is ready to handle life on his/her own, this assumes an emphasis on the client's present and the possibilities for the client's future rather than his/her past. The fourth task brief therapists focus on is the development of ways of intervening in the way the presenting problem is being handled in the present time. This is based on the central assumption that one of the main goals of psychotherapy is to induce clients to change the way a problem is handled. Such intervening is the result of thoughtful and careful consideration of many factors surrounding the problem situation and involves the use of a variety of skills. A final task for the brief therapist is to find ways to remove him/herself from the client's life in such a way that the client has faith in her/his own ability to function effectively without the therapist. This treatment model offers clinicians an opportunity to work in positive, goal-directed ways that clients find helpful and therapists find challenging and satisfying. It calls upon clinicians to develop keen observation skills, the ability to see things fiom a variety of perspectives, and an appreciation for the vast resources clients bring with them to therapy. While it is a simple model of treatment, it is by no means an easy one to master. It requires clinicians to step outside their usual frames of reference in the pursuit of creative solutions to difficult human problems. It rewards them with a greater sense of accomplishment and increased client satisfaction. In the ever-changing world of mental health, this is no small achievement.

Keywords: MRI Brief Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

21. Lopacka, J., & Phoeun, B. (2010, July). Building on experience: Post-typhoon trauma EMDR work in Cambodia utilising the lessons learned from Thailand's post-tsuname programme. Symposium (Carolyn L. Neunuebel, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
On September 26th 2009 Typhoon Ketsana wrought devastation on parts of the Philippines, Vietnam and Cambodia. Mindful of the hard lessons learned running a tsunami trauma programme in Thailand in 2005/06 Jane Lopacka, an EMDR therapist and training facilitator and director of Phnom Penh Counselling Centre, led and supervised a team of Cambodian MA in Clinical Psychology students who were trained in Part 1 EMDR to provide EMDR treatment to Ketsana victims. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the scope, assessment methods, treatment programme, constraints, financial issues, and challenges of the programme whilst utilising the lessons learned from Thailand’s Tsunami EMDR trauma programme. The results regarding the efficacy of EMDR in a Cambodian context will be examined using pre and post treatment data. The results include a comparison of 4 months post-treatment evaluation compared to an assessment of an equivalent random number of Ketsana victims from the same and neighbouring villages who did not receive treatment (to be completed in June 2010 as the farming season dictates). This paper will also demonstrate the utilisation of the lessons learned from Thailand’s Tsunami EMDR programme in a typhoon trauma treatment programme in Cambodia. Also, this being the students’ first exposure to trauma work using EMDR, this paper will record the experiences of the students involved. By way of conclusion this paper will identify further lessons learned in Cambodia along with recommendations regarding future feasible and manageable post-trauma work with limited resources and a small budget in a Southeast context.

Keywords: Cambodia Thailand Tsunami Typhoon

Accuracy Verified: Yes

22. Royle, L. (2012, October). The challenges of integrating EMDR basic training into the context of your own practice. Presentation at the at the 4th Autumn EMDR Workshop Conference, Sheffield, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The workshop will look at common challenges faced by therapists when beginning the task of integrating EMDR basic training into their existing practice and skills. It will discuss how therapists often react to this challenge (including ‘giving up’ and ‘protocol drift’) and offer suggestions on how to overcome this. The specific difficulties encountered by those with different theoretical backgrounds will be highlighted. This workshop is aimed at novice EMDR therapists who may be feeling apprehensive about applying their new skills.

Keywords: Practice Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

23. Borrelli, S. (2002). Chaper 5: Into the new millennium: Child advocacy and EMDR. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
When planning treatment for a child, we must assess carefully the developmental issues (internal press) that seem to be ascendant at different life stages, the context (external press) in which these issues are being accomplished and probably frustrated, and secondary gains issues. Especially for a child, the risks of change must be prepared for. Family therapy theories remind us that as the child improves, the status quo of the family "crisis" will also need to adapt. We’re all aware of the obvious and subtle resistances to change offered by family members. all of whom might be vying for survival guarantees. A sensitive assessment of the family context, then, is an essential aspect of the treatment process. Which family members are most likely to be allies in the quest for change, and who are the most at risk, and likely to challenge positive changes? [Excerpt]

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

24. Brand-Wilhelmy, B., Irmler, D., Adam, H., Lucas, T., Moller, B., & Riedesser, P. (2002). Child refugees in Europe: Guidelines on the psychosocial context, assessment of and interventions for traumatised children and adolescents. ECRE.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
This Good Practice Guide is part of a set of three Guides that have been developed by ECRE member agencies active in the field of reception and integration of refugees. The Guides cover educational advice to refugees, working with older refugees, and assisting traumatised childrefugees. They represent the culmination of two years’ work of thematic networks in these areas, where practitioners have discussed and developed the guiding principles that should underpin work with asylum seekers and refugees. Networking activities have also enabled the lead agencies to identify examples of good practice across Europe, and all these findings are presented in the Guides.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Refugees

Accuracy Verified: Yes

25. Greenwald, R. (1995, June). Children-case presentations. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One major limitation of EMDR is that it is an individual treatment modality. However, individual treatment of a child may be insuflicient, and broader interventions are often required. This is especially likely when environmental forces are unsupportive or in opposition to the healing process. This presentation will focus on the use of EMDR on several levels in child treatment, including individual treatment of traumatic memories, enhancing family support for healing, and addressing family obstacles to healing. Format will include lecture, vignettes, and a video case presentation of the EMDR treatment of a young girl who had been raped by a babysitter, along with the EMDR treatment of her older brother who bullied her. Assessment of child problems includes consideration of many factors. The focus here will be on the child's trauma history, and on the current family situation it pertains to treatment of the child's traumatic memories. Methods of assessment addressed here include interview of the child and the parent, observation of family interactions, and observation of the child's progress, both during and after EMDR treatment. A number of interventions are available to enhance or augment individual EMDR treatment of the child. Vignettes will be presented to illustrate the following interventions: referral to family therapy when successful EMDR highlighted the symptom's functional role; EMDR with a parent to reduce reactivity to the child; and prompting the parent(s) to produce statements and behaviors to be used later as content for installations. A challenging case will be presented in which a family, though motivated, demonstrated a number of behaviors which threatened to undermine the child's treatment. The family consisted of a single father in his late twenties, an eight year-old boy, and a seven-yearold girl. The presenting problem was the girl's ongoing post-traumatic symptoms, particularly nightmares and social withdrawal, some two years after having been raped by a babysitter. (the boy also had social and behavioral problems in school.) Unfortunately, the "lessons" of the girl's traumatic experience were frequently reinforced in the family context, through the brother's bullying of his younger sister, the father's complicity in the bullying, and the father's own tendency to be overly controlling and threatening. Treatment began with two family sessions and one with the father alone. The next three sessions were split to provide some individual time for each child as well as for the father. The seventh, final session included a family meeting and then some time for each individual. Work with the father was difficult and slow, as he was very defensive regarding his own possible contributions to his children's problems. Early interventions included delicate attempts to help the father understand the effect of his yelling and threatening - even though he was no longer in the habit of physically striking his children. Meanwhile, in part to enhance the therapeutic alliance, the primary focus was on direct treatment of the children. Some of this is shown on video. The girl was asked to draw a picture of her bad dream, and then to draw it "all better." She first drew a dark picture of a large man with fangs dripping blood. The next picture was of a nicer man on a sunny day. This activity was used as part of her introduction to the upcoming EMDR work. In the next session she agreed to do EMDR and completed processing in 25 minutes. The following session she indicated that the memory was no longer disturbing, and many of the symptoms had disappeared. She began to raise her next concern, by playing with a doll and a baby bottle, and complaining that she did not get to see her mother enough. Over the same three sessions the boy was also treated with EMDR for a number of relatively minor traumatic memories, including a car accident, the loss of two pets, and a vision of the devil. Despite apparently successfull processing, he was unable to conclude that he was a "good boy," due to evidence to the contrary: memories of his father's anger at him. Cognitive interweave was used to access a sense of inner goodness. The bullying behavior reportedly disappeared both at home and at school, and he also moved on, to express concerns about missing his mother. Treatment was interrupted due to a change in insurance coverage, so continued treatment and follow-up was not accomplished. This case illustrates some ways that EMDR can be enlisted to address aspects of the family context which may constitute obstacles to healing. The girl's brother was treated with EMDR to reduce his mistreatment of her; and the boy's sense of badness, largely gained by interaction with his father, was overcome by accessing internal resources in the absence of parental support. In conclusion, EMDR can play multiple roles in both the diagnosis and treatment of family obstacles to healing.

Keywords: Case Presentations Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

26. Yang, Y., & Wu, W. (2008, June). A Chinese way to use ‘safe place’ in grief work. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Every culture has its special way to deal with grief. In Chinese culture which is collectivism-oriented, people deal with grief not only in a society context, but also have a lot of connection with the bereaved ones. We found that it is hard to help the clients to be stabilized and work with EMDR on their grief before you help them to find a “Safe place” to settle their bereaved ones down. Hence, we use a modified “safe place” technique to help the clients to create a “heaven” for their loved ones, a “place” they can visit to say “hello” again to their bereaved ones. Our presentation will how we did that in a case series of adults and children by using imaginary ways and artistic ways. Using EMDR as standard protocol was effective to remove the symptoms and got the SUDs down.

Keywords: Chinese Grief Poster Safe Place

Accuracy Verified: Yes

27. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There is increasing evidence to support the biological basis of mental disorders. Subsequently, understanding the neurobiological context from which mental distress arises can help counselors appropriately apply cognitive behavioral therapy and other well-researched cognitive interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the neurobiological context underlying the formation and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders, a mental disorder frequently encountered by counselors, from a cognitive therapy framework.
Recent changes to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) accreditation standards include the need for counselors-in-training to understand the neurobiological basis of behavior, which marks a new direction for the training of professional counselors who have historically reacted ambivalently toward medical models for understanding client concerns and treatments. Yet recent findings in neuroscience actually support the verbally based interventions that counselors typically use in treatment; therefore, there is much to be gained by counselors and counselor educators in understanding the basics of human neurobiology and how commonly used counseling interventions intervene on these biological systems. The National Institute of Mental Health (2010) stated in a recent strategic plan that “Important discoveries in areas such as genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science largely account for the substantial gains in knowledge that have helped us to understand the complexities of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders over the past 15 years” (“Introduction,” para. 4).
Given the increasingly biological focus of mental health research, the practicing counselor is faced with the task of understanding and using the emerging mental health treatments and explaining to clients, to reimbursing agencies, and to the broader public how counseling fits within the medically dominated mental health culture. Some counselors have long reacted ambivalently toward the pathologically oriented diagnostic categories of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system and the medication-dominated world of psychiatry. For example, the contrasting viewpoints on this issue were published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between Allen and Mary Ivey (1998, 1999) and Scott Hinkle (1999). Ivey and Ivey (1998) argued for a developmental interpretation to the DSM-IV, opposing what they called the “pathological view” (p. 334) of the manual. According to Ivey and Ivey, disorders could be viewed through a positive development tradition to lie not within the individual but within the contextual systems in which a person lives. Subsequently, disorders are viewed as a “logical response to a developmental history” (Ivey & Ivey, 1999, p. 484). By contrast, Hinkle (1999) argued that because anxiety and depressive disorders “are the most common clinical symptoms associated with presentation to counseling” (p. 475), the counseling profession is weakened if counselors shy away from direct participation in the DSM nomenclature and treatment parlance. As Hinkle indicated, “mental disorders according to the medical model describe disease processes, not people” (p. 475). Regardless of the reader's philosophical perspective, practicing counselors know participation in medical and psychiatric systems is necessary at times. Also, recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience are providing evidence that interventions often used by counselors have direct physiological impact on client neurobiology (Kennedy et al., 2007; Linden, 2006). For example, Felmingham et al. (2007) demonstrated significant differences in brain activity before and after 8 weeks of exposure therapy, which correlated with a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Similarly, Paquette et al. (2003) found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alters the activation and metabolism of specific brain regions following successful treatment of spider phobia. These findings, along with others (for a detailed review, see Beauregard, 2007; Frewen, Dozois, & Lanius, 2008), are significant because they support the techniques, interventions, and approaches used by counselors and provide a mechanism by which counseling positively affects brain physiology. Within the emerging physiologically based treatment milieu, counselors should be prepared to articulate how cognitive counseling interventions make measurable changes to the client. Although cognitive-behavioral-based approaches are effective in the treatment of a number of psychiatric illnesses, adult PTSD is arguably one of the best understood mental disorders from a neurological perspective. It thus presents a valuable model for exploring not only the basic tenets of neurobiology but also the mechanisms behind its successful treatment. Furthermore, PTSD is a disorder that counselors will likely encounter in practice.
PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization. Thus, it provides a clear example of how, even in adulthood, neurological adaptation (in this case maladaptive changes) can functionally “rewire” the brain in a short period of time, resulting in a sustained array of clinical symptoms. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD are a history of exposure to a traumatic event meeting two criteria and symptoms from each of three symptom clusters: intrusive recollections, avoidant/numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. A fifth criterion concerns duration of symptoms and a sixth assesses functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 (Kessler et al., 2005), determined that the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD among American adults is 6.8%, with women (9.7%) twice as likely as men (3.6%) to have the disorder at some point in their lives. These findings are very similar to those of the first National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the early 1990s (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), which was composed of interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans ages 15 to 54 years. In this earlier sample, the estimated prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 7.8% in the general population. As in the more recent survey, women (10.4%) were more than twice as likely as men (5%) to have PTSD at some point in their lives (Kessler et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 1995).

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Neurobiological Basis of Behavior Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

28. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Neuroscience Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

29. Wagstaff, G. F., Cole, J., Wheatcroft, J., Marshall, M., & Barsby, I. (2007). A componential approach to hypnotic memory facilitation: Focused meditation, context reinstatement and eye movements. Contemporary Hypnosis, 24(3), 97-108. doi:10.1002/ch.334.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Although hypnosis is now less popular as an interviewing technique in forensic investigations than it used to be, recent evidence suggests that some of the components of hypnotic interviewing might still be useful in the development of brief memory facilitation procedures. Two experiments are described which continue this componential approach to hypnotic interviewing. In the first experiment, the effects on episodic memory of a brief context reinstatement (revivication) procedure were examined together with a focused breathing meditation technique which shares similarities with traditional hypnotic induction. A second experiment investigated the effects of horizontal eye movements which some have also associated with hypnotic responding. Results indicated that a combined context reinstatement and focused meditation procedure was more effective than context reinstatement alone in facilitating memory for an emotional event without the increase in false positive errors familiar to more traditional hypnosis techniques. In contrast, an instruction to perform horizontal eye movements was not effective in facilitating memory and, when combined with a suggestion for improved recall, produced higher confidence in incorrect responses. Implications are discussed. [Abstract from author]

Keywords: Accuracy Confidence Context Reinstatement Eye Movements Forensic Hypnosis Hypnotism Interviewing Meditation Memory Memory Facilitation Testing

Accuracy Verified: Yes

30. Waayer, M., & Feijtel, M. (2006, November). Context en timing bij EMDR behandelingen met adolescenten [Context and timing of EMDR treatment with adolescents]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de tweede congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Pubers en adolescenten, leeftijd tussen 12 en 18 jaar kennen intensieve, snel wisselende ontwikkelingsfasen waarbij het veel afstemming van de therapeut vraagt hoe hij of zij contact kan aangaan met de jongere en zijn ouders. Deze jongeren komen slechts zelden met een eigen hulpvraag bij de GGZ. Meestal trekken de ouders aan de bel, soms school, soms een andere hulpverlener. Om met adolescenten te kunnen werken is het essentieel dat we aansluiting zoeken en vinden bij de jongere zelf en hoe die zijn probleem ervaart, ook al kan deze probleemdefinitie lijnrecht tegenover de aanmeldingsreden staan. Als er een hulpvraag is gevonden die erkent kan worden door de jonger zelf en door zijn ouders/opvoeders heeft de behandeling meer bodem om te kunnen starten. Een indicatie voor EMDR-behandeling vraagt altijd om goede voorlichting en uitleg. Bij jongeren speelt vervolgens mee dat de identiteitsontwikkeling en de daarmee gepaard gaande onzekerheidsgevoelens er vaak aan bijdraagt dat EMDR als een “ vreemde gang van zaken” wordt beschouwd. De therapeut moet genoeg vertrouwen in zichzelf en de therapie hebben om de jongere ook het vertrouwen te geven om in proces te durven gaan. Soms gaat dit in golfbewegingen. Het effect van de behandeling kan om dezelfde reden ontkend worden door de jongere zelf ( er zijn dingen veranderd maar dat kan natuurlijk nooit komen door dat rare gedoe, dat komt vast door die nieuwe verkering die nu zo gelukkig maakt) en belangrijk is dan om ook de context van de jongere erbij te betrekken. Ouders, brusjes of/en vrienden en school kunnen belangrijke informatiebronnen zijn om een goede inschatting te maken over het eventuele effect van de behandeling. Timing wanneer een EMDR-behandeling kan starten zal rekening moeten houden met schoolvakanties, proefwerken, PTA’s, (examen)feesten…omdat het belangrijk is om niet teveel risico te nemen op verbreking van het verwerkingsproces.

Teenagers and adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years have intense, rapidly varying stages of development where it is much matching the therapist asks how he or she can enter into contact with juveniles and their parents. These young people are rare with an own demand for care in mental health. Usually the parents pull the bell, school sometimes, sometimes another helper. To be able to work with adolescents is essential that we seek and find connections with the young people themselves and what they are experiencing problems, even though this problem definition are diametrically opposed to notification reason. If there is a demand for care is found to be acknowledge by the younger self and his parents / guardians, the more soil treatment to start. One indication of EMDR therapy always requires good information and explanation. Among young people is then that the identity development and the associated uncertainty feelings that often contributes EMDR as a "foreign affairs" is seen. The therapist must have enough confidence in himself and the therapy to the young people the confidence to dare to go to trial. Sometimes this in waves. The effect of the treatment can be denied for the same reason the young people themselves (there are some things changed but that can obviously never get through the crazy stuff that is established by the new traffic that is so happy) and also important is to the context of the younger involvement. Parents, siblings and / or friends and school information important to a good estimate on the possible effect of the treatment. Timing when an EMDR treatment will have to start with school, papers, PTA's, (exam) parties ... because it's important not to take too much risk of breaking the process.

Keywords: Adolescents Juveniles

Accuracy Verified: Yes

31. Gomez, A. M. (2006, September). Creative approaches to motivate, prepare, and guide children to use EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is intended to teach specific ways to use storytelling, metaphors and play therapy techniques within the context of the EMDR protocol. Participants will learn play therapy techniques to use during the target identification phase. Techniques such as the "mixed up box", "My yucky bags" among others, will provide a playful approach to assist children in identifying EMDR targets as well as to provide an opportunity for containment. Safe place, as well as other types of resource development, will be addressed using alternative ways to cue the child, such as olfactory stimulation. Participants will learn metaphors and stories to help children understand what happens in the mind and body when trauma occurs. These metaphors are intended to motivate children that are reluctant to embrace the memories associated to the trauma. By using stones and metaphors, children can also maintain emotional distance from their own struggles. One of the main goals of this workshop is to help clinicians learn to communicate more effectively with children by using metaphors, stones and play. How to talk to children about EMDR and how to prepare children for the outcome of EMDR will be addressed. By making the process more predictable, the likelihood of children stopping the process when they experience the difficult feelings associated with the trauma might be minimized. Participants will also learn to use creative, fun and playful ways to assist children in understanding and using the measure scales of the EMDR protocol (SUDS and VOC).

Keywords: Children Metaphors Play Therapy Storytelling Targets

Accuracy Verified: Yes

32. Spates, C. R., Waller, S., & Koch, E. I. (2000, Summer). A critique of Lohr et al's (1998) review of EMDR and Lipke's commentary: Of messages and messengers. the Behavior Therapist, 23(7), 148-154.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Our goals are as follows: (a) to propose what we believe is a reasonable context within which to evaluate data pertinent to EMDR; (b) to examine how the evidence fits within an evaluation of the more general treatment outcome literature on PTSD; (c) to suggest a constructive direction for future research. [Adapted from Text, p. 148] A comment on: Jeffrey M. Lohr, David F. Tolin, and Scott O. Lilienfeld, "Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: implications for behavior therapy", Behavior Therapy 29(1): 123-156 (Winter 1998) [20817] and Howard J. Lipke, "Comments on 'Thirty years of behavior therapy..." and the promise of the application of scientific principles", Behavior Therapist 22: 11-14 (1999).

Keywords: Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

33. Tol, W. A., Jordans, M. J. D., Regmi, S., & Sharma, B. (2005, June). Cultural challenges to psychosocial counselling in Nepal. Transcultural Psychiatry, 42(2), 317-333. doi:10.1177/1363461505052670.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article describes the way in which the practice of psychosocial counselling was adapted culturally to the context of Nepal within the Centre for Victims of Torture, Nepal (CVICT). After a brief description of the Nepali setting and CVICT’s counselling and training approach and the relationship of its psychosocial counselling intervention with existing methods of dealing with psychosocial problems, the cultural challenges of implementing psychosocial counselling and our response to them are sketched along with concepts deemed important in psychosocial counselling. A discussion follows in which the authors’ stance on the export of psychosocial counselling to non-western cultures is outlined.

Keywords: Centre for Victims of Torture Cross-Cultural Nepal Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

34. Knipscheer, J., van Middendorp, H., & Kleber, R. (2011, August). De rol van cultuur in het omgaan met psychotrauma [The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 125-131. doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0026-4.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma In this paper, the theme of the special issue on Culture and Trauma is introduced. In both empirically oriented articles as well as theoretical and contemplative contributions, the role of culture and migration context in the development of psychological problems following trauma, culture-specific or generic coping with the consequences, help-seeking behavior, and the need for culturally sensitive treatment is explored. First, the influence of the migration context is considered with regard to the possible sickening role of the asylum procedure, the burden for immigrant women who have undergone female genital mutilation and now live in a society that seriously condemns it, and the dilemma of Islamic migrants who experience homosexual feelings while living in a secularized society. Following are some contributions on cultural diversity in the expression of trauma symptoms, like somatization among refugees and the articulation of rage and embitterment among labor migrants. The impact of trauma in combination with migration on families and how children can be affected by the traumatization of their parents is the topic of two contributions in which the role of the (extended) family is explored and a contextual approach to working with families with trauma-related symptoms (a mentalization based multifamily therapy) is described. The factors that impede therapyseeking behaviour and drop-out are discussed in a study on Moroccan or Turkish girls who were raped. Finally, the applicability and efficacy of evidence-based interventions for treating ethnic minority patients with posttraumatic stress disorder is illustrated by a study on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing with refugees and an article on specific elements of intercultural trauma therapy that appear to be culturally sensitive.

Keywords: Asylum Procedure Cultural Diversity Culture Ethnic Minority Patients Female Genital Homosexuality Islamic Migrants Mentalization-Based Multi-Family Therapy Mutilation Migration Context Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotrauma Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

35. Vanderlinden, J., & van Bellinghen, M. (2007). Dilemma’s voor de therapeut: De behandeling van een onder doodsbedreiging verkrachte vrouw [Dilemmas for the therapist: Treatment of a raped woman under death threat]. Directieve Therapie, 27(2), 58-62. doi:10.1007/BF03056845.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In dit artikel wordt de behandeling beschreven van een vrouw met een ernstige eenmalige traumatische ervaring. Na een moeizame start waarbij de cliënte aanvankelijk psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutisch wordt begeleid, komt er een spectaculaire verbetering na één sessie EMDR. Deze verbetering houdt echter slechts tijdelijk stand, onder meer omdat cliënte zich plotseling erg bedreigd voelt ten gevolge van een gerechtelijke beslissing. Deze tijdelijke terugval illustreert hoe de maatschappelijke en juridische context bijdragen aan het verwerken van ernstige traumatische gebeurtenissen. Tot slot volgt een reflectie op allerlei therapeutische dilemma’s bij planning van deze traumabehandeling.

This article describes the treatment of a woman who was victim of a severe traumatic experience. Since a psychotherapeutic and psychiatric approach only resulted in a small amelioration, an EMDR session was planned resulting in a spectacular improvement. The improvement however was temporarily undone when the woman received a judicial notice stating that her offender was taking the case to Supreme Court. This setback illustrates how social and judicial context attributes to the processing of extreme traumatic experiences. The article concludes with a reflection on the therapeutic dilemmas concerning this trauma treatment.

Keywords: Death Threat Rape Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

36. [Yoshinori Fukui]. (2009, May). Discussion on the use of the dissociative experiences scale (DES): Frequency of dissociative experinces among adolescents. EMDR研究1（1）、12月23日 [Japanese Journal of EMDR Research and Practice, 1(1), 12-23].

Language: Japanese

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This research aims to look at the frequency of dissociative experiences among adolescent population, and collect basic data. Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) was administered to 816 university students. The results on each item were analyzed and they were very similar to those of previous studies. I-T correlation and G-P analyses results indicate that discriminate power for each item is at best when cut-off of 25 or less is applied. Since the data was not distributed normally, test for median was performed and the same result was obtained. On top of that, to secure the normal distribution of the data, square root transformation was undertaken before the two analyses were performed. The results suggest that on G-P analysis, in order to increase discriminate power, the cut-off needs to be less than 16. However, when false negative and positive were taken into consideration, it was off from practical use. And when compared with other researches, it became apparent that depending on the context of measurers used with DES, there is a possibility of subjecrs being biased. Also it was suggested that items on DES are useful in screening DID but they are not measuring the overall spectrum of dissociative disorder.

Keywords: Adolescence DES Dissociative Experience Dissociative Experiences Scale

Accuracy Verified: Yes

37. Cotraccia, A. (2008, June). Disorganized attachment in the “worried well”: EMDR in the treatment of adjustment disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will begin with a focus on current Adjustment Disorder literature. This section will highlight problems of intrapersonal and interpersonal attunement as defined from an Interpersonal Neurobiological perspective. Furthermore, literature on attachment theory will explore the importance of contingent communication in the development of an integrated mind. The relevance of intersubjective experience in adaptive information processing will help participants learn to identify experiences of misattuned communication as relational trauma. Information processing will further be explored as related to self states. An emphasis on recognizing “cohesive vs coherent” self states will be made. The understanding of the multiplicity of the mind in this section will provide a context for considering dissociation from an attachment theory perspective. In addition the emergence of cohesive and “disaggregated” self states will be highlighted as a result of the disorganized attachment experience. This particular type of relational trauma will be conceptualized as a betrayal trauma. Disavowal of self states will be established as salient in the vagueness of presenting complaints in the patient with an Adjustment Disorder. AIP case conceptualization of Adjustment Disorders will be established and a focus for the remainder of the workshop. Identification of memory networks associated with disorganized/unresolved experiences and integration of cohesive self states will follow. The 8 phased 3 pronged protocol or modified egostate specific targeting will be highlighted with a case study. Participants will learn to organize a treatment plan around negative cognitions, affects and behaviours reflected in the presenting problem and history.

Keywords: Adjustment Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

38. Freyberger, H. J., & Spitzer, C. (2005, Juli). Dissoziative störungen [Dissociative disorders]. Der Nervenarzt, 76(7), 893-900. doi:10.1007/s00115005-1956-z .

Language: German

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
Die dissoziative Störungen und Konversion sind mit erheblichen klassifikatorischen, diagnostische und therapeutische Schwierigkeiten, die nur in den historischen Kontext der Diskussion über die Hysterie verstanden werden kann, verbunden. Auch die Einstufung in die ICD-10 und DSM-IV ist heterogen. Prävalenzraten zwischen etwa 3% in der allgemeinen Bevölkerung und bis zu 30% in klinischen Populationen, jedoch beziehen sich auf die große klinische Bedeutung. Realtraumatisierungen eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese. High Komorbiditätsraten mit anderen psychischen Störungen eine Tendenz zu chronischen somatischen Erkrankung und ein Konzept (insbesondere bei Patienten mit Erkrankungen erschweren Umwandlung) der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung. Dies erlaubt die Behandlung Ziele sind sowohl psychodynamische und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen in Abhängigkeit entwickelt, möglicherweise mit den Techniken der Trauma-Therapie, wie EMDR (Springer).

The dissociative and conversion disorders are associated with significant classificatory, diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties that can be understood only in the historical context of the discussion on hysteria. Even the classification in ICD-10 and DSM-IV is heterogeneous. Prevalence rates of between about 3% in the general population and up to 30% in clinical populations, however, refer to the great clinical significance. Realtraumatisierungen have an important role in the pathogenesis. High Komorbiditätsraten with other mental disorders, a tendency to chronic somatic disease and a concept (especially in patients with conversion disorders complicate) the psychotherapeutic treatment. This allows the treatment goals are designed both psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral dependence in, possibly with the techniques of trauma therapy such as EMDR (Springer).

Keywords: Chronicity (Disorders) Comorbidity Conversion Disorder Diagnosis Dissociative Disorders Epidemiology Etiology Psychotherapy Somatization

Accuracy Verified: Yes

39. Quinn, G. (2010, July). Early interventions. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s : EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations.(2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and man made disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.

Keywords: Early Interventions

Accuracy Verified: Yes

40. Laugharne, J. (2010, July). The effect of EMDR on pathological personality traits: An initial case series. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There is little published data regarding the effect of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) on personality disorders and pathological personality traits. A PTSD clinic has been developed at Fremantle Hospital in Western Australia since May 2009. All patients referred are initially assessed using the MINI–plus for DSM IV axis I diagnoses, the PTSD Checklist, and the SCID 2 for personality traits/disorders. These assessments are carried out again post treatment. All patients accepted for treatment have PTSD according to DSM IV criteria but most have comorbid axis I diagnoses and often marked pathological personality traits or personality disorders. The primary psychological treatment for PTSD offered at the clinic is EMDR. In this presentation, data will be presented regarding an initial series of cases treated for PTSD at the clinic using EMDR with an emphasis on changes in their SCID 2 scores post-treatment and how this relates to changes in PTSD scores. The theoretical and practical implications of the data will be discussed in the context of the existing literature as well as transcultural considerations and future research directions outlined.

Keywords: Personality Traits

Accuracy Verified: Yes

41. Kannan, L., & Mehrotra, S. (2010, July). Effectiveness of EMDR with those undergoing traumatic divorce. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A contested divorce in an eastern cultural context qualifies to be classified as a traumatic event. Those experiencing this ongoing trauma often undergo PTSD and Depression. EMDR with its standard and current events protocol serves to mitigate both the anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly. This study looks at adapting EMDR for divorcing families in court, clinical and private settings. Participants will learn 1. Differences in cognition of marriage in different cultures such as western, Eastern and Middle Eastern and potential problems, which are culture specific. 2. What constitutes marital trauma and traumatic divorce in the Eastern context 3. The impact of marital trauma in terms of clinical presentation as well as non clinical parameters of well being such as self-esteem, general health, locus of control and quality of life among those undergoing EMDR. 4. How to use EMDR with those undergoing marital trauma with divorce proceedings and cultural implications. 5. Adaptations in the EMDR to the court environment as well as other setting where such clients may present themselves

Keywords: Divorce

Accuracy Verified: Yes

42. Parker, A., Relph, S., & Dagnall, N. (2008, January). Effects of bilateral eye movements on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information. Neuropsychology, 22(1), 136-145. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.1.136.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Two experiments are reported that investigate the effects of saccadic bilateral eye movements on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information. Experiment 1 compared the effects of bilateral versus vertical versus no eye movements on tests of item recognition, followed by remember-know responses and associative recognition. Supporting previous research, bilateral eye movements enhanced item recognition by increasing the hit rate and decreasing the false alarm rate. Analysis of remember-know responses indicated that eye movement effects were accompanied by increases in remember responses. The test of associative recognition found that bilateral eye movements increased correct responses to intact pairs and decreased false alarms to rearranged pairs. Experiment 2 assessed the effects of eye movements on the recall of intrinsic (color) and extrinsic (spatial location) context. Bilateral eye movements increased correct recall for both types of context. The results are discussed within the framework of dual-process models of memory and the possible neural underpinnings of these effects are considered. [PsycINFO]

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

43. Stapleton, J. A., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. (2006, February). Effects of three PTSD treatments on anger and guilt: Exposure therapy, eye movement sensitization and reprocessing, and relaxation training. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(1), 19-28. doi:10.1002/jts.20095.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study sought to investigate the efficacy of prolonged exposure, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and relaxation training on trait anger and guilt and on trauma-related anger and guilt within the context of PTSD treatment. 15 PTSD patients completed each treatment and were assessed at posttreatment and at 3-month follow-up. All three treatments were associated with significant reductions in all measures of anger and guilt, with gains maintained at follow-up. There were no significant treatment differences in efficacy or in the proportion of patients who worsened on anger or guilt measures over the course of treatment. Between-treatment effect sizes were generally very small. Results suggest that all three treatments are associated with reductions in anger and guilt, even for patients who initially have high levels of these emotions. However, these PTSD therapies may not be sufficient for treating anger and guilt; additional interventions may be required. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Anger Canadians Exposure Therapy Guilt Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Relaxation Therapy Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

44. Swiney, U. M. (2004). The efficacy of EMDR for survivors of a natural disaster: Intervention after Hurricane Floyd. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. AAT 3129821.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered effective for civilian PTSD, but no controlled evaluation of EMDR, or any other treatment for PTSD, has been conducted with adults in a natural disaster context. Following Hurricane Floyd, 8 individuals from disaster-torn North Carolina communities were randomly assigned to 6 sessions of EMDR or a 1-month waiting list followed by treatment. All of the predominantly Caucasian, female participants met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and half reported moderate to severe levels of depression. Participants completed standardized self-report measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety before and after the waiting period, or before, during (Session 4), and after the 6-week intervention. The principal investigator (PI) and blind assistants conducted a PTSD symptom interview before and after treatment and waiting period. Weekly progress was monitored with additional PTSD and depression self-report measures. The PI, a Level II-trained EMDR therapist, provided treatment. Treatment integrity, assessed by undergraduate assistants following an established checklist, was good.Compared to the untreated control condition, EMDR produced significantly larger decreases in self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms, and tended to promote greater improvement in observer-rated PTSD. However, random effects regression analyses of the secondary PTSD measure failed to detect a significant difference between the two groups. In contrast, random regression analyses confirmed a significant decrease in depression during treatment compared to the control condition. Controlled effect sizes for PTSD symptoms were large and compared favorably to research with other trauma populations. Nevertheless, despite sizeable reductions in symptoms, many clients continued to report elevated levels of PTSD even after treatment. In addition, despite random assignment, the average age of the two groups differed, and age was non-significantly but negatively associated with change in PTSD symptoms. This association, and the small size of this sample, limit the interpretation and generalizability of these findings. Thus, while results tentatively support extending EMDR to disaster survivors with depression and PTSD, this work is best considered as preliminary data. Research with a larger sample remains necessary to better evaluate both the impact of treatment and the potentially more complex treatment needs of this population. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(4-B), 2004, pp. 2116.

Keywords: Adults Americans Depressive Disorders Females Hurricane Floyd Hurricanes Posttraumatic Stress Disorders PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Recent Events Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

45. Bumke, P. J., & Sodemann, U. (2010, July). The efficacy of EMDR in a new context: Some findings from the ACEH survey. Symposium (Carolyn L. Neunuebel, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Context: As a response to the Tsunami in 2004 the Aceh Project organized by TraumaAid and sponsored byTDH and the BMZ from 2007 to 2009 treated more than 3200 clients for psychic disorders related to traumatic experiences .The treatment was given by Indonesian therapists who against the background of a lack of local therapists trained in psychotraumatology had to be trained within the project under the auspices of TraumaAid. This combination of EMDR-Training and EMDR-Therapy in an extremely challenging context also offered an unique opportunity for a parallel and wide ranging monitoring and evaluation of the social and diagnostic parameters involved. Methodology: To guide the therapeutic process and to check on its long term efficacy 1200 adults and 1000 children were at the outset of their therapies asked to contribute detailed diagnostic data. While for adults the Hopkins Anxiety and Depression scales along with a 42-item Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was administered, children and adolescents up to age of 17 were given an adapted version of the CBCL. At the conclusion of their therapies 20 % of all respondents were rechecked with the same diagnostic scales, another group of 5 % again after 6 months. Results: The diagnostic data indicate a dramatic improvement after therapies that involved a range of therapeutic techniques including stabilising and EMDR protocols. The relation between diagnostic dimensions (intrusions, somatic reactions, social relations, expression of feelings and attention problems) and social factors (gender, age) was further explored.

Keywords: ACEH Survey

Accuracy Verified: Yes

46. Mattioli, G. (2006, June). El estrés postraumatico y la terapia del EMDR [Traumatic stress and EMDR therapy]. Presentación en la Asociación EMDR España, Madrid .

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Hay expresiones que cambian la historia de nuestra profesión. "Inconsciente" "doble vínculo", "indefensión aprendida", "homeostasis familiar" o "burn out" para no poner más que unos pocos ejemplos y pidiendo perdón a tantos otros. Cambian la historia de las ideas, suele decirse, basándose quizás en la ilusión de que las ideas son entelequies que flotan en el cosmos. Sin embargo es mucho más. Cuando nace una verdadera idea ya ha cambiado o está a punto de cambiar una determinada práctica social, que entonces provoca más cambios en un determinado contexto (un "discurso" vaya, ya puestos...). La palabra "autoestima", por ejemplo, surgida hace unos años se ha ido extendiendo y dejando su huella como una marca de origen en muchas expresiones alusivas a estados de ánimo hasta convertirse en moneda de cambio. Tener la autoestima "baja" o "alta", o "veo que no tienes ningún problema de autoestima" son enunciados que se ha convertido en una "seña de identidad". Feliz expresión esta última! Todos la usamos sin la menor obligación de haber leído la novela de Juan Goytisolo que la acuñó, ni tan solo la necesidad de saber que era el título.

There are expressions that change the history of our profession. "Unconscious" double bind ","learned helplessness"," family homeostasis "or" burn out "for not putting more than a few examples and asking forgiveness as many others. Change the history of ideas, they say, perhaps based on the illusion that ideas are pipe dreams floating in the cosmos. However it is much more. Birth of a true idea has changed or is about to change a particular social practice, which then causes more changes in a particular context (a "speech" will, for that matter ...). The word "esteem"for example, born a few years ago has spread and leaving his mark as a mark of origin in many expressions suggestive of moods to become currency. Having self-esteem "low" or "high" or "I see you have no self-esteem problem" are statements that has become a "hallmark. " Happy latter expression! All we use it without any obligation to have read the novel by Juan Goytisolo who coined it, not even the need to know which was the title.

Keywords: Traumatic Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

47. Bhattacharyya, A. (1997). Eliminating the trauma burden: A reply to Dr. Greenwald's paper. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry On-Line. Retrieved from http://www.priory.com/psych/dr.htm 11/15/2011.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
It is refreshing to find he has put the emphasis on health rather than illness. To translate that in the British context, one has to question the real advance that has taken place in making that shift. It is fashionable to call every service in terms of health and not illness and yet the major part of our resources go into cure than prevention. Although it may seem like closing the stable door after the horse has bolted, only now through extensive inducements and effort, the immunisation figures, to quote one of Dr. Greenwald's examples, have reached 95%. Even then, there are troughs whenever there is a scare such as with the measles and whooping cough vaccines.

Keywords: Letter Reply Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

48. Quinn, G. (2012, June). EMDR & acute stress syndrome/EMDR in early intervention - Immediate ERP treatment following trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress and often are likely to develop PTSD. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s: EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within minutes to hours of exposure to trauma. Learning objectives: Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of history-‐ taking and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. A pilot study (in press) will be presented showing effectiveness at possibly preventing PTSD 2 years later compared to “treatment as usual”

Las víctimas del trauma inmediato frecuentemente exhiben “terror silencioso” o estrés extremo y a menudo son susceptibles de desarrollar TEPT. El Procedimiento de Respuesta en Emergencia (ERP), descrito en el Manual de Catástrofes de los Programas de Asistencia Humanitaria (HAP) y en el libro de EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) ha sido desarrollado para lidiar con víctimas de desastres naturales y causados por el hombre a los minutos u horas de haber sido expuesto al trauma. Objetivos de aprendizaje: Los participantes de este taller aprenderán cómo responder a los clientes en los momentos siguientes al trauma, utilizando PRE. Esto se entenderá en el contexto general de los principios de los Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos. Este mismo enfoque básico se puede utilizar en el caso de una abreacción fuerte durante la fase inicial en la que se realiza la historia del paciente y antes de la Fase de Preparación de EMDR o en otras ocasiones durante el tratamiento cuando los pacientes muestran reacciones emocionales fuertes. De manera similar, el tratamiento con PRE puede considerarse también para pacientes que muestran este “terror silencioso” o estrés extremo durante el tratamiento inicial llevado a cabo por los servicios de asistencia en emergencias en la escena del accidente o en las ambulancias de camino a las instalaciones médicas. Un estudio piloto (en prensa) será presentada mostrando la efectividad de la posibilidad de prevenir el TEPT 2 años después comparándolo con “tratamiento habitual.”

Keywords: Acute Stress Syndrome Early Intervention

Accuracy Verified: Yes

49. Smyth, N. J., & Rogers, S. (2002, June). EMDR & cognitive behavior therapy: Exploring shared and distinctive active components. Open discussion at the Society for Psychotherapy Research International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
There has been extensive debate about the active treatment components involved in Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR); one commonly stated perspective is that EMDR is simply a repackaged cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). This discussion will explore the active components of EMDR and CBT for the treatment of PTSD. In order to provide a shared context for discussion, it will begin with a brief overview of the interventions (EMDR, Exposure, Stress Inoculation Therapy), including some video clips of the interventions. Following this, key questions will be presented for discussion by the entire group, such as: "What shared components are evident?" "What research designs would be appropriate to evaluate components?" "What process and outcome measures might be included to shed light on mechanisms?" Participants will be also encouraged to offer their own questions for discussion.

Keywords: Cognitive Behavior Therapy Integrative Treatment Models Open Discussion Psychotherapy Mechanisms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

50. Shapiro, F. (2002, January). EMDR 12 years after its introduction: Past and future research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 1-22. doi:10.1002/jclp.1126 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was one of the first treatments of PTSD to be evaluated in controlled research and has to date been empirically supported by 13 such studies. This article reviews the historical context and empirical research of EMDR over the past dozen years. Historically, EMDR's name has caused confusion in that "desensitization" is considered to be only a by-product of reprocessing and because the eye movement component of EMDR is only one form of dual stimulation to be successfully used in this integrative approach. Research is needed to determine the comparative efficacy of EMDR relative to cognitive-behavioral treatments of PTSD. However, this has been hampered by the lack of independent replication studies of the latter treatments. Current component analyses of EMDR have failed to effectively evaluate the relative weighting of its procedures. Parameters for future research and the testing of protocols for diverse disorders are suggested. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Cognitive Processes Literature Review Posttraumtic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Needs

Accuracy Verified: Yes

51. Omaha, J. (2004, June). EMDR and affect centered therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Aim: This presentation will describe the integration of principles of emotion regulation into EMDR therapy for a range of disorders. Population: All ages; mostly Axis I and II disorders. Learning objectives: 1) to describe the development of emotion regulation beginning in the context of the attachment and continuing through adolescence; 2) to describe the origin of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology in deficit experience adversity, and trauma; 3) to describe a protocol, Affect Management Skills Training (AMST), that remediates failures of emotion regulation; 4) to describe how AMST prepares the client for uncovering therapy by providing for containment, safety, emotion regulation, improved left-right hemisphere integration, and remediation of attachment deficits; 5) to describe integration of MAST into EMDR therapies for substance abuse and eating disorders. Abstract: The workshop will summarize the principal affective developments that occur from birth through age four. These include fulfillment of yearning affect, facial imprinting, gaze transaction, stimulation of positive affect, and provision of optimal disapproval-shame experiences. The qualities of the child of “good enough” parenting are described. Developmental failures and their consequences for affect regulation and psychopathology will be described. These include: (1) avoidant attachment leading to problems of anger management, to depression, and development of narcissistic features; (2) anxious-ambivalent attachment leading to development of anxiety-related disorders and borderline features; (3) failure to elicit optimal positive affects leading to impaired vitality across the life span and depression; (4) socialization of the senior toddler with anger, leading to problems with anger expression, or with disgust, leading to problems with shame, impaired self-worth, and defective self-efficacy. Adversity (raised by a single parent, witness to spousal abuse, divorce, substance abuse in the home) and trauma (psychological, physical, and/or sexual abuse) occurring during latency and adolescence will be shown to exacerbate difficulties with emotional regulation.
The seven basic skills of the AMST protocol will be described. These skills provide for regocnition, tolerance, and regulation of both positive and negative emtoins. They include containment, safe place, sensation-affect recognition, sensation-as-signal, grounded and present, noticing, and regulation.
The workshop will describe how AMST prepares the client for uncovering therapy and for EMDR by teaching the client to regulate emotion prior to it elicitation in therapy, by improving hemispheric integration, and by correcting deficits in the attachment.
The workshop concludes by describing how MAST is integrated into EMDR therapy for substance abuse disorders (alcohol, drugs, nicotine) and eating disorders.

Keywords: Affect Centered Therapy Affect Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

52. Beley, T. (2001, June). EMDR and Bowen theory: A natural integration of technique and theory in therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Although very distinct in their respective technical and theorectical approaches, EMDR and Bowen Theory hold important commonalities. Participatns will be able to 1) dsecribe the relationship of the triune brain, emotional reactiveness, and anxiety; 2) develop a basic understanding of the relationship between evolutionary processes, biologic processess, and human behavior; and 3) identify how EMDR can be used within the context of Bowen Theory and therapy.

Keywords: Bowen Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

53. Smyth, N. J., & Poole, A. D. (2002). EMDR and cognitive-behavior therapy: Exploring convergence and divergence. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 151-180). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Since first introduced by Shapiro, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been the subject of considerable interest, debate, and controversy within the behavioral literature. In this chapter, EMDR is examined from a behavioral perspective with the goal of exploring connections between it and behavior therapy. Since its initial introduction as an intervention for PTSD, EMDR has been expanded and is used to treat a range of other disorders. The present discussion centers on its application in the management of PTSD for two reasons: First, PTSD is the diagnostic category on which the majority of research studies have focused. Second, empirical research has determined that EMDR and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are efficacious in the treatment of PTSD; they seem to be equally effective, although EMDR may be more efficient.The chapter begins with a brief consideration of the development and essential principles of behavior therapy and of the manner in which behavioral approaches have conceptualized PTSD. This context is essential to understanding how EMDR is conceptualized from a behavioral perspective. The relationship between EMDR and behavior therapy is then explored and mechanisms for its apparent effectiveness considered. Finally, contributions of behavior therapy to EMDR and of EMDR to behavior therapy are discussed, including challenges that each poses to the other. [Text, pp. 151-152]

Keywords: Adults Cognitive Therapy Posttraumtic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

54. Matthess, H., Vojtova, H., & Dellucci, H. (2012, March). EMDR and complex trauma. Presentation at the 3rd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation, Berlin, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is widely recognized as a therapy of choice in psychotraumatology. However treating clients who suffer from complex traumatization, and especially dissociative disorder, using EMDR straightaway in its standard form is very difficult. “By far, the greatest number of reported difficulties and stories of clinical problems and potential harm through the improper use of EMDR had involved clients with dissociative disorders.” Shapiro (2001, p. 308). Does this mean that people who have complex trauma and dissociative disorder could not benefit from EMDR? Which adaptations of the standard protocols in the different phases of the EMDR process are crucial in order to use EMDR to enhance the clients’ capacities and diminish their suffering? Which indicators should be considered? How can clinicians provide a safe and efficient help, without getting lost in this difficult treatment patterns, by knowing what to do and why? This workshop is designed for practitioners familiar with EMDR. It will provide a general overview of essential modifications of the standard EMDR protocol for complex traumatized clients. The theoretical part will focus on an understanding of the underlying EMDR working mechanism as far as discussed today, on knowledge of dissociation as a result of complex traumatization, in the context of the AIP model (adaptive information processing), the attachment theory, the theory of structural dissociation and recent research findings. The emphasis will be on practical applications of these insights into a comprehensive treatment of this group of clients. Based on the experience of the presenters, implementing use of bilateral stimulation in all phases of therapy will be shown. Important considerations according possible iatrogenic harm will be discussed. Case examples from practice will be provided, including videos.

Keywords: Complex Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

55. Siegel, I. R. (2000, September). EMDR and energy medicine: An integrative approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) develop an understanding of the role that energy medicine can play within the context of the EMDR protocol; 2) develop an understanding of the dynamic relationship between our physiology, our emotions, and our Human Energy Field; 3) identify the chakra systems and the levels of electro-magnetic frequency that exist within the Human Energy Field, and its relationshop to developmental theory; 4) demonstrate an ability to identify vibrational patterns of emotional trauma within the HEF; 5) develop an understanding of the role of EMDR as an effective tool in creating a bridge between science, psychotherapy, and spirituality; and 6) learn to apply effective techniques for integrating the technology of energy medicine into an EMDR practice.

Keywords: Chakra System Energy Medicine Energy Psychology HEF Human Energy Field Vibrational Patterns

Accuracy Verified: Yes

56. Dworkin, M. (2005). EMDR and the relational imperative: The therapeutic relationship in EMDR treatment. New York: Routledge.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book is a commentary on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), based on my observations from clinical practice, that amplifies the relational perspective to Francine Shapiro's standard methodology. During the last 14 years I have conducted more than 5,000 EMDR sessions. The patterns of response I have seen in my clients and the latest discoveries in the neurosciences, which support my conviction in the relational imperative, have prompted me to write this commentary.The main theme of my book is that healing takes place when proper knowledge of the standard methodology is integrated into the context of the therapeutic relationship. I offer this work to enrich the reader's understanding of how I practice EMDR clinically. I have not conducted research to validate my opinions. This work is based on acute and repeated clinical observations of the many clients with whom I have had the privilege to work. [Adapted from Preface]

Keywords: Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Alliance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

57. Shapiro, F. (2002, December). EMDR and the role of the clinician in psychotherapy evaluation: Towards a more comprehensive integration of science and practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1453-1463. doi:10.1002/jclp.10104.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that has been consistently evaluated as efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. The information processing model that guides its clinical application posits that EMDR should be effective in treating other psychological disorders that have experiential contributors. Research is needed to assess such applications. This special issue features three case series in which EMDR was applied to the treatment of complex PTSD, phobias, and chronic pain, respectively. The authors discuss deficits in the research literature, provide preliminary data on EMDR treatment of these conditions, and offer descriptive guidelines for evaluation that are achievable by the practicing clinician. Two additional articles offer preliminary data on physiological and cognitive/affective concomitants of therapeutic change. It is argued that clinicians should play a greater role in the rigorous and extensive examination of psychological treatments in the context of the exigencies of clinical practice. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Assessment Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD EVT Integration Pain Phobia PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

58. Marquis, P. (2007, June). EMDR and the treatment of anxiety disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Dr. Marquis will present on the treatment of Anxiety Disorders using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This treatment is based on clinical research and practice, integrating Anxiety Disorder treatments such as interceptive exposure, psych-education, mindfulness, relaxation training, breathing retraining, cognitive techniques and exposure and response prevention with EMDR. The diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Hoarding, Trichotillomonia, Skin Picking, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorders, Phobias, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Somatization Disorder and their interaction with underlying PSTD will be discussed and standard EMDR treatment protocols presented. This will be presented in context of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. Theoretical models will be presented. This treatment integrates the use of future template and behavioral feedback for success of anxiety treatment. Participants will learn how to specify EMDR targets for rapid symptom reduction and how clients scan integrate self-use of bilateral stimulation to increase treatment results. Case examples will be presented. Participants will be encouraged to discuss and receive feedback on anxiety cases of their own. Cross-cultural applications and understanding will be explored. Dr. Marquis is the Anxiety Team Leader at Kaiser Hospital and has been practicing, teaching, and training EMDR internationally since 1991.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

59. Donovan, L. (2002, June). EMDR and traumatized children/adolescents: Systemic affect regulation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Developmental and systemic perspectives support incorporating the caregiver/family in EMDR treatment of children and adolescents to maximize efficacy and minimize risks. Participants will learn to: 1) identify multiple options, risk factors, and guidelines (eg, for timing, sequencing, identifying the need for EMDR/RDI in the traumatized parent/caregiver as well as the child); 2) identify strategies to maximize vicarious processing, and promote resource development and affect regulation in the caregiver/family; 3) define with the family ways to provide safety, take rerponsibility and guide choices; and 4) utilize the nartural relational context to develop affect regulation in the child/adolescent.

Keywords: Adolescents Affect Regulation Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

60. Lawrence, M. A. (1998, December). EMDR as a special form of ego state psychotherapy, Part I of II. EMDRIA Newsletter, 3(4), 7, 13-15, 24-25.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Ego state therapy has become an increasingly recognized and utilized form of psychotherapy over the past 2 years although it has been used primarily by hynotherapists in the context of the treatment of dissociative disorders. The use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has also expanded extremely rapidly over the past ten years, primarily in the treatment of acute and chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is the thesis of this paper that EMDR can be conceptualized as a special form of ego state therapy. EMDR’s unique contribution to the ego state therapy process is in its subtle but profound, impact on the associative/dissociative process, and ego state therapy can be considered a meta model for informing EMDR therapeutic interventions, particularly with regard to impasses.

Keywords: Ego State Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

61. Lawrence, M. A. (1999, March). EMDR as a special form of ego state psychotherapy, Part II. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(1), 9, 14-15, 34.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Keywords: Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

62. Kannan, L. (2010, July). EMDR as a tool in change management. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In 2008-2009, many professionals and executives faced various organizational pressures ranging from pay slash, contrived performance appraisals, layoffs and work overload due to the recession which impacted many traumatically. It affected the morale, motivation and basic sense of security which was previously part of the work culture in Eastern countries especially in India. EMDR is an effective tool for organizations to manage dramatic change without adversely impacting the individual and consequently the organization. Participants will learn: 1. What constitutes work trauma both direct and vicarious and how to identify its impact, 2. The impact of such work trauma on the clinical and non clinical parameters affecting performance, efficiency and well being. 3. How to use EMDR efficiently with work trauma. 4. Adapting EMDR to the different setting where work trauma clients may present themselves in the Eastern context.

Keywords: Change Management

Accuracy Verified: Yes

63. Fernandez, I. (2007). EMDR as a treatment of post-traumatic reactions: A field study on child victims of an earthquake. Educational and Child Psychology, 24(1), 65-72.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This field study explores the effectiveness of EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) for the post-traumatic reactions of child victims in the post-emergency context of an earthquake that occurred in 2002 in Molise, a region of Central Italy. EMDR was chosen as the treatment for the children of the San Giuliano Primary School in Molise. Twenty-two of the children who experienced the traumatic event, being suddenly buried under the debris of their collapsed school and in contact with the bodies of their dead classmates for hours, received three cycles of EMDR treatment over one year, with a total average of 6.5 sessions of EMDR each. The results show that EMDR contributed to the reduction or remission of PTSD symptoms and facilitated the processing of the traumatic experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Child Victims Elementary Schools Emotional Trauma Field Study Natural Disasters Post-Emergency Context Molise Earthquake Post-Traumatic Reactions PTSD PTSD Symptoms Remission Traumatic Experiences

Accuracy Verified: Yes

64. Lendl, J. (2007, September). EMDR basics part I: The touchstone event. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One of the reasons EMDR is such a powerful treatment is the Adaptive Information Processing Model with its eight phase, three- prong protocol. The robustness of the treatment is not achieved if any part of the protocol is dismissed. Dr. Shapiro’s recent trainings have emphasized the need to work beyond present-day symptoms and triggers (prong #2) to find the underlying touchstone events (prong #1). Part I will review the AIP Model, suggest channels of association most likely linked to a touchstone event/node, review the eight phases, place the touchstone event into the context of the eight phases, show video simulations of the touchstone event including the affect scan and floatback techniques, and have a supervised practicum.

Keywords: Adaptive Processing Model Channels of Association Touchstone Event

Accuracy Verified: Yes

65. Lichti, J. (2007, September). EMDR consultation: Using practice research to develop best practices. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop will review the context of EMDR consultation. The differences between therapy, consultation and consultation-of-consultation will be highlighted. The implications of the literature on clinical supervision/consultation will be reviewed. Examples of tools and resources for consultants will be presented. Research on the practices of EMDRIA Approved Consultants will be presented. Best Practices emerging from the literature and consultation practices research will be identified. Participants will analyze their own consultation practices using all the above information and discuss in small groups how they plan to improve their consultation services.

Keywords: Consultation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

66. Lichti, J. (2009, May). EMDR consultation: Using practice research to develop best practices. Presentation at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is for Approved Consultants, Consultants-in-training and those considering becoming ACs. We will review the context of EMDR consultation and identify the differences between therapy, consultation and consultation-of-consultation [Objective 1]. The implications of the supervision/consultation literature will be reviewed [Objective 2]. Tools, resources and recordings from actual consultations will be presented. Original research about EMDR consultation will be reviewed. Best Practices emerging from the literature and EMDR consultation research will be identified [Objective 3]. Participants will use all the above information to analyze their own consultation practices [Objective 4] and discuss with peers how to improve their consultation services [Objective 5].

Keywords: Consultation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

67. Gomes, G. F. B. (2012, Novembro). EMDR e cura sistêmica: A gestação de uma nova história de vida [EMDR and systemic cure: The gestation of a new life story]. In EMDR e visão sistêmica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objetivo: narrar a trajetória de uma cliente em relação a um trauma em específico, os desdobramentos deste, bem como os resultados do reprocessamento e sua abrangência no equilíbrio da ecologia de um sujeito tratado em duas sessões de EMDR. Pode-se afirmar que os sintomas são, em sua essência, um caminho que nos permite retornar ao evento chave, reprocessar a base traumática e a partir daí reescrever uma história saudável e, certamente, geradora de frutos em muitos níveis. O trabalho em questão apresentará a história de uma cliente que buscou a terapia com EMDR para reprocessar sua dificuldade de relacionamento com a irmã caçula. Fazia parte deste contexto, o acometimento da cliente em questão pela Doença de Crohn e Endometriose, além do desejo intenso de engravidar. Tendo-se definido o alvo, o trabalho com EMDR iniciou-se. Após duas sessões de reprocessamento, a cliente não só havia conseguido resolver a questão fraterna que lhe afligiu por 16 anos como, por meio de avaliação médica, constatou estar assintomática para o Crohn e com o processo de Endometriose sob controle. Ainda como possível desdobramento deste processo, o sujeito desta história pôde realizar um desejo muito especial: a gestação com a qual vinha sonhando. Após a compilação dos dados deste caso clínico, conclui-se que o EMDR é, em sua natureza, um tratamento orientado para o corpo, sendo a cura de um trauma efetivado somente quando se atinge o sistema como um todo em seus níveis fisiológico, neurológico e psicológico.

Objective: To narrate the story of a client in relation to a specific trauma, the ramifications of this, and the results of reprocessing and its coverage in the ecological balance of a subject treated in two sessions of EMDR. It can be said that the symptoms are, in essence, a way that allows us to return to the key event, reprocess the traumatic basis and from there to rewrite a story healthy and certainly generating fruit on many levels. The work in question will present the story of a client who sought therapy with EMDR to reprocess its difficult relationship with her younger sister. It was part of this context, the involvement of the client in question by Crohn's disease and endometriosis, besides the intense desire to become pregnant. Having set up the target work with EMDR started. After two sessions of reprocessing, the client had not only managed to solve the issue fraternal afflicted him for 16 years as a through medical evaluation, found to be asymptomatic for Crohn's and with the process of endometriosis under control. Yet as possible unfolding of this process, the subject of this story could make a very special wish: pregnancy with which had been dreaming. After compiling the data in this case study, it is concluded that EMDR is, in its nature, a treatment-oriented body, and the healing of trauma effected only when it reaches the system as a whole in their physiological levels, neurologic and psychological.

Keywords: Crohn's Disease Endometriosis Standard Protocol Systemic Cure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

68. Quinn, G. (2011, June). EMDR emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress .The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), described in the Humanitarian Assistance Program’s (HAP) Disaster Manual and Marilyn Luber’s: EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basic and Special Situations (2009) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma. Learning objectives: Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities. Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war. In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment. The EMDR Group Protocol will be presented as utilized in the Tsunami of 2004 and during war. A practicum will follow.

Keywords: Acute Trauma Emergency Treatment Man-Made Disasters Natural Disaasters

Accuracy Verified: Yes

69. Beer, R., & Hornsveld, H. (2005, November). EMDR en Eetstoornissen: Conceptualisatie en klinische toepassingen [EMDR and eating disorders: Conceptualisation and clinical applications]. Presentatie aan de eerste congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, The Netherlands.

Language: Dutch

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Renee Beer en Hellen Hornsveld bespreken in deze presentatie toepassingsmogelijkheden van EMDR bij patiënten met uiteenlopende eetstoornissen. Eerder is over dit onderwerp gepresenteerd door beide spreeksters op een EMDR Netwerkavond in 2004 en op het Europese EMDR congres in 2005.
Samenvatting Patiënten met Eetstoornissen (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge eating disorder) krijgen doorgaans een multidisciplinaire behandeling, waarin verschillende modules een complementaire rol spelen. Resultaten zijn echter vaak teleurstellend en daarom zijn nieuwe ideeën en technieken welkom. Mogelijkheden en beperkingen van EMDR in combinatie met Cognitieve Gedragstherapie (C.G.T.) worden besproken en geïllustreerd met videobeelden.
Renee Beer zal toelichten en demonstreren -hoe EMDR geplaatst kan worden in de context van C.G.T., -waarom het aantrekkelijk is voor adolescenten (“een coole combi”), -welke targets in aanmerking kunnen komen (o.a. traumaverwerking, lichaamsbeeld en zelfbeeld), -hoe deze targets bewerkt kunnen worden, -en wanneer in het behandelingsproces EMDR in aanmerking komt.
Hellen Hornsveld zal vervolgens haar ervaringen presenteren met een eigen protocol ter behandeling van eetbuien en eetdrang. Dit protocol is voortgekomen uit de observatie dat patiënten vaak heftige, negatieve emoties vertonen tijdens cue exposure. Cue exposure is een gedragstherapeutische techniek, waarbij de patiënt blootgesteld wordt aan de prikkels die doorgaans een eetbui uitlokken (geur, smaak,aanwezigheid van “verboden” voedsel) zonder dat de eetbui daarbij plaats mag vinden (responspreventie). De procedure is gericht op het laten uitdoven van de fysiologische reacties op de eetbui prikkels (Jansen, 1997). Op de inhoud van de reacties en de emotionele betekenis die geassocieerd is met het eten, wordt verder niet ingegaan. De EMDR variant van dit protocol is juist gericht op de betekenisverlening en het creëren van een zo hoog mogelijke emotionele lading (“balletje op de berg”) door zoveel mogelijk het EMDR protocol te volgen. Positieve ervaringen met dit protocol zullen aan de hand van videomateriaal worden gedemonstreerd.

Renee Beer and Hellen Hornsveld in this presentation discuss applications of EMDR in patients with various eating disorders. This issue was presented by speakers at an Evening Both EMDR Network in 2004 and the European EMDR conference in 2005.
Summary Patients with Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, binge eating disorder) tend to have a Multidisciplinary treatment, a complementary role Which modules. Results in loss or are disappointing and therefore welcome new ideas and techniques. Possibilities and limitations of EMDR in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are discussed and illustrated with videos.
Renee Beer will demonstrate and explain -How EMDR Can Be Placed in the context of CBT, -Why is it Attractive for adolescents ("a cool combination) Targets, Which Are Eligible (e.g. trauma, body image and self-image) How-thesis targets Can be edited And when in the process of EMDR treatment is Eligible.
Hellen Horn Field Will then present experiences with ITS ITS own protocol for the treatment of binge eating and eetdrang. This protocol is derived from the observation That Patients in loss or intense negative emotions show consistently cue exposure. Cue exposure is a behavioral technique in Which the patient is Exposed to the stimuli That Provoke Normally a binge (smell, taste, presence of "forbidden" foods) without taking the binge Which Should Be (response prevention). The procedure is aimed at gradually between the physiological responses to the binge stimuli (Jansen, 1997). The content of the emotional responses and Significance associated with the food is not Considered Further. The EMDR variant of this protocol is very focused on the perspectives and Creating the Highest Possible emotional charge (ball on the Mountain ") as much as Possible, the EMDR protocol to follow. Positive experience with this protocol using Will Be video material locally.

Keywords: Eating Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

70. Meignant, M. (2012, April). EMDR for a child (EMDR training on the River Kwai). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
During the EMDR training session, organized in Thailand by Trauma-Aid, HAP Germany and «Terre des Hommes» Germany , psychologist, Dagmar Eckers treated a young Indonesian boy called Ooz, who suffered from the Tsunami. His symptoms showed nightmares and a lack of concentration. This documentary film presents two sessions of EMDR on the 10 year-old child. It also shows the efforts of the EMDR trainers who, with the help of charitable organizations, trained the Burmese, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and Thai therapists to become autonomous in practicing and teaching EMDR.
Learning objectives: 1. How to use EMDR to relieve the traumatic consequences of a disaster 2.The use of EMDR with a child in a different social and cultural setting. (the 8 phases of EMDR in this context)

Keywords: Children River Kwai Training

Accuracy Verified: Yes

71. Burzynski, S. (2010, July). EMDR for anger management. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The presentation examines a single case study of an indigenous Australian, diagnosed with trauma based borderline personality disorder experiencing peremptory anger. Anger within the PTSD context and ‘survival mode’ of operation are discussed. Treatment incorporated EMDR within a paradigm of Structural Dissociation. A targeted anger laden EP is integrated with the ANP and results discussed. The role of time orientation (presentification) and coconsciousness (personification) in treatment are also examined.

Keywords: Anger Management

Accuracy Verified: Yes

72. Shapiro, F., & Broderson, G. (1997). EMDR for trauma: Eye movement desenitization and reprocessing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Language: English

Format: Video

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a complex treatment approach that combines salient elements of the major therapeutic schools (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and interactional). Although the eye movement stimulation (and other forms of dual stimulation used in the approach) have garnered the most attention professionally and publicly, EMDR actually involves a much broader spectrum of interventions, which are organized into eight phases of therapy. Currently, 13 completed controlled studies of EMDR make it one of the most researched methods of psychotherapy used in the treatment of trauma. Its efficacy has been supported by these studies: the four most recent studies of victims who have suffered single traumas have demonstrated that after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions, 84% to 90% of patients no longer have symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Rothbaum, 1997; Wilson, Becker, & Tinker, 1995).
EMDR is based on the assumption that specific experiences from the past continue to guide the client`s responses in the present. These experiences can be the "big T" traumas that result in PTSD or the "small t" traumas that are the ubiquitous experiences known to have a less dramatic but still negative impact on personality and behavior.
To influence such experiences from the past, EMDR draws on an information processing model of behavior. Conceptually, disturbing trauma-related information is believed to be held in the patient`s nervous system in state-dependent form (e.g., the perceptions and sensations experienced at the time of the trauma are encoded in the nervous system). EMDR allows the processing of this information in an adaptive fashion so that what is useful from the experience can be learned; stored appropriately, cognitively, and affectively; and made available for behavioral guidance in the future. What is useless to adaptation, such as excess negative emotions, irrational self-assessments, and disturbing physical sensations, can be discarded.
Assessment is focused not on global diagnoses but rather on specific delineations of problematic behaviors, attitudes, and affects that need to be transmuted to allow for adaptive resolution of trauma or conflict. Specifically, the EMDR clinician asks, what is the patient being influenced by past experiences to do in the present that is dysfunctional and what is he or she prevented from doing that would be adaptive?
Although originally applied to PTSD, EMDR shows promise in a variety of clinical complaints that are based on earlier life experiences that underlie the pathology and current experiences and that restimulate the disturbance. EMDR allows clients to access and reprocess these experiences as well as to learn new skills and behaviors for managing future life events. In all cases, the goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while helping the client to remain reasonably stable.
EMDR as an eight-phase intervention approach can be considered a complete treatment in some clinical cases, or it may be part of a more complex treatment plan that includes other more traditional approaches to treating a specific pathology (e.g., borderline personality disorder). Within this latter integrative context, EMDR appears to be useful for a broad range of clinical complaints and seems to provide more rapid achievement of positive treatment effects than do these more traditional approaches alone.
Dr. Shapiro identifies her approach as "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing." What does this imply to you? More specifically, what do you expect of her? Will Dr. Shapiro be active or passive? Will the session be structured or unstructured? Directive or nondirective? Will it focus on the past or on the present? Will the session focus on behaviors, on thoughts, or on feelings? What do you expect to be the relative balance between attention to technique versus the interpersonal interaction?

Keywords: Client Francine Shapiro Male

Accuracy Verified: Yes

73. Quinn, G. (2013, June). EMDR immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR is a well-established therapy for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be reduced or prevented if treated during the first month after a trauma when a person displays Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Although usually used later, EMDR has also been used effectively in the immediate period following trauma. Victims of immediate trauma often exhibit “silent terror” or extreme stress. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) was developed to deal with victims of natural and manmade disaster within hours of exposure to trauma.
Participants in this workshop will learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma, utilizing ERP. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. This same basic approach can be applied in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking and prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions. Similarly, treatment with ERP may also be considered for patients exhibiting this “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in ambulances en route to medical facilities.
Case examples will be presented to illustrate the successful treatment of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) with survivors the Tsunami in Thailand, and with victims of terror and war.
In this presentation the Recent Events Protocol will be examined, with particular emphasis on modifying the Positive Cognitions (PC) in the face of continuing ongoing danger. EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization), the original protocol developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1989, and modified by Elan Shapio and Brurit Laub in R-TEP will be described and compared to the standard EMDR protocol with emphasis as used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment.
A practicum will follow on ERP.
Learning objectives: Within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid, to learn how to respond to clients in the immediate aftermath of trauma utilizing ERP; To apply ERP in the event of strong abreaction during the initial phase of History-taking, prior to the Preparation Phase of EMDR or at other times of treatment when patients exhibit strong emotional reactions; To learn when and how to use ERP for patients exhibiting “silent terror” or extreme stress during initial treatment by first responders at the scene of an accident or in an ambulance en route to medical facilities; How to utilize the Recent Events Protocol in the face of ongoing danger; To understand EMDR methods that may be used in emergency settings where multiple patients need rapid treatment

Keywords: Disaster Emergency Response Procedure ERP Extreme Stress Silent Terror

Accuracy Verified: Yes

74. Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, F. (2003). EMDR in der behandlung dissoziativer störungen [EMDR in the treatment of dissociative disorders]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, 1 (3), 25-33.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Psychologische Behandlung von traumatischen Belastungsstörungen mit EMDR. Die EMDR-Behandlung ist nach unserer Erfahrung eine sehr effektive Technik zur Behandlung von traumatischen Erinnerungen bei Patienten mit dissoziativen Störungen. Das Ziel der Traumabehandlung bei dissoziativen Patienten zusätzlich zu der Verringerung der Belastung von posttraumatischen Symptomen, Aussetzen der zuvor abgespaltenen Erinnerungen im Sinne einer Integration von dissoziierten Erfahrung liegt. Die EMDR-Behandlung dissoziativer Patienten brauchen, wenn nötig. durch Ändern der Standard-Protokoll auf den einzelnen Elastizität eingestellt werden. Da dissoziative Speicher Barrieren durch eine EMDRBehandlung sehr schnell untergraben werden kann, kombiniert mit dem Risiko der Übererflutung durch aversive Reize, sollte dies nur von entsprechend erfahrenen Therapeuten und mit Sorgfalt im Rahmen einer umfassenden Traumatherapie eingesetzt werden.

Psychological treatment of traumatic stress disorders with EMDR. The EMDR treatment is, in our experience a very effective technique for the treatment of traumatic memories in patients with dissociative disorders. The aim of trauma treatment in dissociative patients in addition to reducing the burden of post-traumatic symptoms, exposing the previously split-off memories in the sense of an integration of dissociated experience content. The EMDR treatment of dissociative patients need, if necessary. be adjusted by modifying the standard protocol on the individual resilience. Since dissociative memory barriers through a EMDRBehandlung may be undermined very quickly, combined with the risk of Übererflutung by aversive stimuli, this should only be used by suitably experienced therapists and with care in the context of a comprehensive trauma therapy.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders, Psychotherapeutic Processes

Accuracy Verified: Yes

75. Eckers, D. (2010, June). EMDR in difficult circumstances - Working with a complex traumatized boy in Thailand. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In 2009 a training in psychotraumatology and EMDR was conducted in Thailand with participants from Thailand, Indonesia, Burma, Kambodscha and other countries. During that training of 8 days a 9-years-old boy was treated after some stabilization with 'safe place' and special containment - with EMDR. He was diagnosed with Asperger-syndrome (a form of autism), was traumatized by the loss of a near relative, the burning of his home, a car accident and by Tsunami. Time was limited, the boy wasn't acquainted with the therapist, didn't speak much English, needed his aunt to translate and was first time in his life away from his home. But even in these conditions treatment was possible in 1 session stabilization and 3 sessions of EMDR The case will be demonstrated with the boy's drawings and video clips of the stabilization phase and of the EMDR session about Tsunami. Learning objectives: 1. Understanding a client-adapted way to applicate EMDR in children. 2. Creative working with children in their cultural and individual context, What is essential in EMDR even with child-adapted and creative modifications?

Keywords: Adolescent Male Thailand Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

76. Tumani, V. (2011, June). EMDR in interkulturellen therapien [EMDR in intercultural therapies]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Derzeit Migration verfügt über umfangreiche Ausmaße angenommen. Weltweit gehen wir von einer 1 bis 200 Migranten (WHO). Durch Bürgerkriege, Naturkatastrophen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Umständen die wahre Zahl dürfte noch höher. So ist es zunehmend vor, dass Psychiater und Psychotherapeuten bei der Behandlung Einzelpersonen aus anderen Kulturen begegnen, präsentiert mit verschiedenen psychiatrischen Symptome. Die Behandlung dieser Menschen werden manchmal große Schwierigkeiten. Nicht nur wegen der Sprache, sondern auch wegen der relativen Bedeutung bestimmter Symptome in einem kulturellen Kontext, ist es wichtig, Kultur Hintergrund arbeiten Milieu und Unordnung bestimmten psychiatrischen / psychotherapeutischen betrachten. Aber was bedeutet Kultur-und Milieu sensiblen Psychiatrie oder Psychotherapie bedeuten? Basierend auf den vorhandenen Studien über Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und die Untersuchungen des Sozio-Vision-Institute, und unsere eigenen Erfahrungen, die wir klären, wie eine interkulturelle Begegnung und ein Milieu sensiblen Psychotherapie erfolgreich angewandt werden.

Currently migration has reached extensive proportions. Globally, we assume a hundred to two hundred million migrants (WHO). Due to civil wars, natural disasters, political and economic circumstances the true figure is likely even higher. So it increasingly occurs that psychiatrists and psychotherapists encounter in their treatment individuals from other cultures, presenting with various psychiatric symptoms. The treatment of these people will sometimes face major difficulties. Not only because of language but also because of the relative importance of certain symptoms in a cultural context, it is essential to consider culture background, working milieu and disorder specific psychiatric/psychotherapy. But what does cultural and milieu sensitive psychiatry or psychotherapy mean? Based on the existing studies about people with immigrant backgrounds and the investigations of the Socio-Vision-Institute, and our own experiences we will elucidate how an intercultural meeting and a milieu sensitive psychotherapy can be successfully applied.

Keywords: Intercultural Therapies

Accuracy Verified: Yes

77. Lister, D. (2002). EMDR in the context of general medical practice in the UK: 4 case reports. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrievedfrom http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Editorial note: This interesting article describes the use of EMDR in a very time-pressured general practice surgery. The description of the use of EMDR is unorthodox and must be considered anecdotal, especially the second case report. If readers have any comments on the descriptions given, please contact the editor. All responses to this article will be published on the emails to the editor page. [Editor] Abtract: Some EMDR cases that the author has conducted have taken long sessions outside of normal surgery hours, but a few have reached a successful conclusion within or nearly within the seven and a half minutes allocated to a GP consultation. Four such cases are reported here.[Author abstract]

Keywords: Case Study Medical Practice

Accuracy Verified: Yes

78. Klaff, F., & Dutton, P. (2000, September). EMDR in the playroom: Creative processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) understand the necessity of eliciting material from children in indirect, projective ways; 2) understand the meaning of "creative processing" in the EMDR context as a method of both accessing and treating children's problems where direct methods may fail to produce desired outcome; 3) learn specific skills which apply the EMDR method through the medium of fantasy, play, story, metaphor, sensory experience, and enactment; 4) learn how to apply the creative process to separate elements of the standard EMDR protocol, and to make adjustments appropriate to the age and developmental stage of the individual child; 5) observe direct use of EMDR creative processing techniques via case material and videotaped therapy sessions; and 6) recognize the importance of integrating family systemic issues into use of the techniques, as well as embedding the method into a total contextual treatment of the child.

Keywords: Children Enactment Fantasy Metaphor Play Sensory Experience Storytelling

Accuracy Verified: Yes

79. Hamilton, C. (1999, June). EMDR in the treatment of dissociative disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) increase their confidence in deciding how, when, and where to use EMDR in the context of long term therapy with dissociative disorders; 2) increase their skills in being able to structure safe and contained EMDR sessions with clients with dissociative disorders; 3) increase their ability to adapt the EMDR protocol to the specific needs of specific clients with dissociative disorders; and 4) increase their knowledge of both the potential risks and potential benefits of using EMDR with dissociative clients.

Keywords: Dissociative Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

80. Groenenberg, J. M. (2005, October). EMDR in the treatment of traumatized refugees. Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the ESTSS, Stockholm, Sweden.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Refugees, who suffer from PTSD because of long-term, and repeated traumatic experiences (Type II trauma), can be successfully treated with EMDR, under certain conditions and when it is embedded in a broader therapeutic context.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Refugees Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

81. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). EMDR installation for facilitating emotional identification in the treatment of attachment disorders. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The accessibility of emotions in children with attachment disorders is known to be complex at best. This presentation looks at a new method of enabling a child dissociating from emotions with severs attachment disorder and complex, traumatic histories to access emotions using the installation phase of EMDR.
For teaching purposes, this presentation will use real-life cases of 4 attachment disordered children where EMDR has been used successfully. All the children had been taught safe space (or similar containment methods) to enable them to self regulate their emotions – however, prior to the installation they did not experience emotions to self regulate.
In all four cases, none of the children were able to access emotions and were severe attachment disordered. The children aged between 12 to 13 years of age and all had a diagnosis of attachment disorder, comorbid with post traumatic stress disorder. Most of the children did not experience emotions directly and when asked where they “felt emotions,” would state that they experienced emotion because they were told that they were experiencing emotion.
An example is one child who mentioned that she had been angry – she only knew this, because an adult had told her she was angry. Some4times, her hands were mottled when she was angry – but there appeared to be no internal awareness of emotional feelings. The three other children reported similar lack of awareness of internal emotions.
Using the installation phase of EMDR within the context of a one-to-one therapy session, each child was asked to focused on a particular emotion and focus where in their body they experienced any feelings which may be associated with emotion.
The children began to describe complex emotions, which they had never previously been able to. Many of these children had never cried or expressed emotions “normally” prior to this. An example of one child’s experience follows. “I feel sad in my heart. It feels cold – as if someone has smashed it into a thousand bits. It’s blue and very lonely. It feels empty.” (This was a child who had never experienced any internal emotion since the age of t when he remembered feeling angry at being taken away from his parents by a social worker. This was the last time he remembered every experiencing any kind of emotion).
Following this, all the children were also encourage to sit with their new emotions and not to be afraid of them.
One child reported: “I never knew how god it could feel to finally be allowed to cry and my throat doesn’t feel so stuck no more.”
Another child stated, “It feels good to be sad. When I cry – that stops my heart hurting so much and the treats make the glue to fix my broken heart.”
Another child experienced: “It’s okay to be angry. Anger isn’t scary – it’s just a feeling – just because I feel it doesn’t mean I have to kick off – and it feels strong to e angry – I have a right to be angry and that’s okay.” So far, we have not experienced an unsuccessful outcome; however, this method is still in the early stages of being developed.

Keywords: Attachment Disorders Emotional Identification Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

82. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Luber, M. (2011). The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Application in a disaster mental health continuum of care context. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 82-94. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.82.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This randomized, controlled group field study was conducted subsequent to a 7.2 earthquake in North Baja California, Mexico. Treatment was provided according to continuum of care principles. Crisis management debriefing was provided to 53 individuals. After this, the 18 individuals who had high scores on the Impact of Event Scale (IES) were then provided with the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents (EMDR-PRECI), a single-session modified EMDR protocol for the treatment of recent trauma. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: immediate treatment group and waitlist/delayed treatment group. There was no improvement in the waitlist/ delayed treatment group, and scores of the immediate treatment group participants were significantly improved, compared with waitlist/delayed treatment group paticipants. One session of EMDR-PRECI produced significant improvement on symptoms of posttraumatic stress for both the immediate-treatment and waitlist/delayed treatment groups, with results maintained at 12-week follow-up, even though frightening aftershocks continued to occur frequently. This study provides preliminary evidence in support of the protocol's efficacy in a disaster mental health continuum of care context. More controlled research is recommended to evaluate further the efficacy of this intervention.

Keywords: Critical Incidents Disaster Mental Health Early EMDR Intervention Natural Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

83. Shapiro, F., Beutler, L., Norcross, J., Maxfield, L., & Rogers, S. (2002). EMDR research and its future: Ecological validity, process research, component analysis, outcome findings, and sociopolitical context. Panel discussion at the Society for Psychotherapy Research International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This panel presentation addresses ecological validity, process factors, methodological variables, and sociopolitical context in the interpretation and dissemination of outcome research. Since its introduction, EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) has been the focus of controversy because of its departure from existing paradigms, its non-traditional dissemination, and immoderate claims for rapid effectiveness. This panel reviews the socio-political context in which EMDR developed and its relevance for other emerging psychotherapeutic approaches. Findings from a recent methodological meta-analysis are reviewed to provide an empirical context for assessing the range of results in different outcome studies. Specific client, therapist, and methodological variables that could account for disparities in outcome are examined and implications for interpreting research outcomes are discussed. The panel also summarizes the findings of various recent studies that identified the effects of eye movements as decreasing vividness and emotionality of memory, physiological arousal, and in-session subjective distress. Findings from two recently completed studies are reported in which both process variables and active ingredients were examined. Limitations of the group design approach to the dismantling of psychotherapies are also discussed.

Keywords: Panel Discussion

Accuracy Verified: Yes

84. Lombardo, M. (2012). EMDR target timeline. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 37-46. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.37.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This Clinical Q&A section responds to a question about organizing a client's historical information into a targeting sequence within a treatment plan that is consistent with Shapiro's (2001) three-pronged protocol. The procedures for identifying and prioritizing treatment eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) targets are reviewed in the context of Shapiro's theoretical model, and various time line models are summarized. The author then presents her EMDR Target Time Line, which provides a practical simple visual tool for documenting past, present, and future aspects of the presenting problem. It allows the therapist to note if disturbing past experiences present around a core theme, such as negative cognitions, physical symptoms, or situations/persons/circumstances. Three clinical cases are used to illustrate the form's application with various types of treatment targets.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP: Clinical Application Core Theme Time Line Treatment Target

Accuracy Verified: Yes

85. Ferrie, R. (2013, May). EMDR therapy and psychiatric medication. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Many clients who present for EMDR are medicated with psychiatric drugs. The question arises whether these medications are helpful in the context of EMDR therapy or not. We as psychotherapists, by definition, are involved in a dialogue about mental health with our clients; therefore, on the important subject of psychoactive medication we have a responsibility to be informed ourselves and to share this information with our clients. This presentation is intended to provide tools especially for the non-medical therapist to learn how to navigate the territory of psychiatric drugs-use in a way that helps clients. Included in the presentation will be a discussion of individual case studies of traumatized clients, who had first been treated with psychiatric medication and then sought EMDR therapy; an examination of how psychiatric drugs help or hinder and how they compare to the EMDR therapy approach; and evidence from the current literature which calls into question the assumption of mental disorders being due to a chemical imbalance requiring life-long medication. The robustness of the EMDR protocol and how helpful it has proven to be to clients who have dealt with being heavily medicated and suffering from attendant side effects will be illustrated. Learning objectives: • Critique the evidence-based literature on psychiatric medication and the now insupportable information, given to clients and doctors, which excludes the findings of long-term harm caused by all classes of psychiatric medication. Participants will be able to assess the importance of the few reliable long-term outcome studies and compare the effectiveness of psychotherapy/EMDR with psychiatric drugs. • Evaluate a series of cases studies of clients, previously traumatized, who were medicated with psychoactive drugs when first seeking EMDR Therapy. • Gain knowledge of the different available protocols designed to help clients to be safely weaned off psychiatric medication. • In the process of discussion, participants will compare their own and other participants’ experiences with such medicated clients.

Keywords: Medication

Accuracy Verified: Yes

86. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Santed, A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro. F., & Amann, B. L. (2013, March). EMDR therapy modulates the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient. Neuropsychobiology, 67(3), 181-184. doi:10.1159/000346654.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Some functional imaging abnormalities found in bipolar disorder are state related, whereas others persist into euthymia. It is uncertain to what extent these latter changes may reflect continuing subsyndromal affective fluctuations and whether those can be modulated by therapeutic interventions. Method: We report functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings during performance of the n-back working memory task in a bipolar patient who showed a marked improvement in subsyndromal affective symptoms after receiving eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the context of a clinical trial. Results: The patient's clinical improvement was accompanied by marked changes in functional imaging, as compared to 30 healthy subjects. fMRI changes were noted particularly in deactivation, with failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex partially normalizing after treatment. Conclusions: This case supports the potential therapeutic overall benefit of EMDR in traumatized bipolar patients and suggests a possible neurobiological mechanism of action: normalization of default mode network dysfunction. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Keywords: Bipolar Disorder Subsyndromal Affective Symptoms

Accuracy Verified: Yes

87. Lipke, H. (2001). EMDR und andere ansätze der psychotherapie - Ein integratives modell: Theoretische und klinische empfehlungen mit schwerpunkt auf traumatischem stress [EMDR and other approaches of the psychotherapy - An inclusive model: Theoretical and clinical recommendations focusing on traumatischem stress]. Paderborn: Junfermann.

Language: German

Format: Book

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) wurde vor mehr als zehn Jahren von Dr. Francine Shapiro entwickelt und galt anfangs insbesondere aufgrund nachweislich sehr schneller und überzeugender Behandlungserfolge als eine der ungewöhnlichsten psychotherapeutischen Methoden überhaupt. Aufgrund der positiven Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen wird EMDR mittlerweile von vielen Therapeuten erfolgreich eingesetzt. Im Mittelpunkt des Buches steht das von Lipke entwickelte Vier-Aktivitäten-Modell, eine Ergänzung zu dem von Francine Shapiro (1995) entwickelten AIP-Modell der beschleunigten Informationsverarbeitung. Damit schafft Lipke einen Rahmen für das Verständnis psychotherapeutischer Arbeit im allgemeinen und für die Integration von Shapiros Theorie über die Verarbeitung dysfunktionaler Erinnerungen in die bisherigen Formen psychotherapeutischer Arbeit. Das vorgestellte Modell liefert eine Handlungsanleitung für die Anwendung von EMDR in der therapeutischen Praxis. Dabei kann Lipke auf seine fast dreißigjährige klinische Erfahrung mit traditionelleren Behandlungsansätzen ebenso zurückgreifen wie auf seine über zehnjährige Praxis in der Anwendung und Vermittlung von EMDR. Das Buch ist nicht als Einführung in die Theorie und Praxis von EMDR, sondern eher als Erläuterung der Arbeit mit dieser Methode in einem umfassenderen therapeutischen Zusammenhang gedacht.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) was developed more than ten years ago by Dr. Francine Shapiro and was initially due in particular proved very fast and impressive treatment success as one of the most unusual methods of psychotherapy in general. Due to the positive results of scientific studies EMDR is now used by many therapists successfully. The focus of the book which is developed by Lipke four activities model, a complement to the Francine Shapiro (1995) developed the AIP model of accelerated information processing. This creates a framework for understanding Lipke psychotherapeutic work in general and for the integration of Shapiro's theory about the dysfunctional processing of memories in the previous forms of psychotherapeutic work. The proposed model provides a guide to action for the application of EMDR in therapeutic practice. It can draw on his nearly thirty years Lipke clinical experience with more traditional treatment approaches as well as on its more than ten years of practice in the use and placement of EMDR. The book is not intended as an introduction to the theory and practice of EMDR, but rather as an explanation of the work with this method in a wider therapeutic context.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

88. Saint Paul, N. V. (2001). EMDR und systemische familientherapie [EMDR and family systems therapy]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 2, 14-17.

Language: German

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Bei der gemeinsamen Betrachtung von EMDR mit familientherapeutischen Ansätzen fallen zunächst die Gegensätze auf. EMDR wird üblicherweise im Einzelsetting angewendet. Die Behandlung steht meist im Kontext von bestimmten Krankheitsdiagnosen (typischerweise von traumabedingten - aber auch anderen - Störungen). In der (systemischen) Familientherapie wird eine Diagnostizierung möglichst vermieden, Konzepte werden "verflüssigt", Symptome werden im Hinblick auf ihre Wirkung im (Familien-)System hin untersucht. Beispielsweise wird ein Patient als "Symptomträger" innerhalb der Familie bezeichnet. Man sucht also nach dem Sinn oder Nutzen, den die Symptomatik für die Familie hat. Insofern ist man recht weit davon entfernt, gezielte Interventionsmethoden zu suchen, mit denen dann der einzelne behandelt wird, um ein Symptom zu beseitigen. Allerdings wurde dies von den Begründern der Familientherapie keineswegs für ausgeschlossen erklärt (vgl. bspw. Stierlin et al. 1977, 16). EMDR ist dementsprechend in der familientherapeutischen Literatur und den einschlägigen Fachzeitschriften bisher so gut wie nicht zur Kenntnis genommen worden. Eine Ausnahme bildet The Family Therapy Networker im Jahr 1993, der dem Thema EMDR ein Special Feature widmet (vgl. Butler (1993) und O'Brien (1993)). Von Seiten der EMDR Praktizierenden gibt es durchaus Hinweise auf die Vereinbarkeit. Tinker & Wilson (2000, 229) verweisen auf die Nützlichkeit der Ergänzung der EMDR-Arbeit durch familientherapeutisches Vorgehen. Lempa (2000) beschreibt die Verbindung der EMDR-Einzelbehandlung mit familientherapeutischen Gesprächen innerhalb des stationären Settings und berichtet über positive Erfahrungen im Hinblick auf die Akzeptanz der Behandlung in den Familien. Ich halte die wechselseitige Betrachtung der Ansätze für sehr fruchtbar und möchte hier einige Gedanken und Erfahrungen dazu darstellen.

In the common view of EMDR with family therapy approaches, first fall to the opposition. EMDR is usually applied in individual settings. Treatment is usually in the context of specific disease diagnoses (typically from trauma-related - errors - but also others). In the (systemic) family therapy, a diagnosis will be avoided where possible, concepts will be "liquefied" symptoms in terms of their effect in the (family) system were investigated. For example, a patient is a "symptom carrier" within the family. Therefore, we look for the meaning or benefit that the symptoms for the family. In this respect it is quite far from seeking specific intervention methods by which the individual is then treated to remove a symptom. However, this was by the founders of family therapy not declared excluded (see, for example, Stierlin et al. 1977, 16). EMDR has been accordingly in the family therapy literature and the relevant journals previously taken almost no notice. The Family Therapy Networker an exception is in 1993, the subject of EMDR devotes a special feature (see Butler (1993) and O'Brien (1993)). Sides of the EMDR practitioner, there are indications of the compatibility. Tinker & Wilson (2000, 229) point to the usefulness of supplementing EMDR work with family therapeutic approach. Lempa (2000) describes the connection of individual EMDR treatment with family therapy calls within the inpatient setting and reported positive experiences with regard to the acceptance of the treatment in the home. I think the mutual inspection of approaches for very fruitful and would like to present some thoughts and experience to do so.

Keywords: Family Systems Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

89. Ward, C. (2010, March). EMDR with a family using a group protocol. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
I will present a way of working with families using EMDR, offer question and discussion time and the opportunity to explore the approach. I would very much like to provide an arena to discuss and share learning about EMDR with families and to agree some success criteria for working in this way. The focus of my presentation is the successful use of the EMDR group protocol to work with domestic abuse. I will describe the use of images to process memories and current fears. I will cover what made the approach successful in the context of the existing resources. Conference Abstracts I will describe our learning about co-working across different modalities in the way that we did. The workshop will have an interactive and experiential focus, which I hope will capture the energy and creativity of the approach. New Learning points: • Adapting and developing a group EMDR protocol • Co-work with a parent and a colleague from another modality • Using EMDR to process the legacy of domestic abuse

Keywords: Family Group Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

90. Ward, C. (2010, June). EMDR with children and adolescents in a family setting using a group protocol. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Our aim: We will present some EMDR family work, offer question and discussion time and the opportunity to explore the approach. We would very much like to provide an arena to discuss and share learning about EMDR with families and to agree some success criteria for working in this way. The focus of our presentation is the successful use of the EMDR group protocol with a family of 5 children. The children had witnessed domestic abuse and had been physically abused themselves. We were greatly assisted by the children's mother Lea who co-worked with us. We will include how we structured 1. I support for her to carry out this difficult role. We will describe the use of images to process the children's memories and current fears. We will cover what made the approach so successful in the children's and our opinion, including the context of the existing resources. We will describe what we learnt about co-working across different modalities in the way that we did. The workshop will have an interactive and experiential focus which we hope will capture the energy and creativity of the approach.
Learning points:
- Adapting and developing a group EMDR protocol to work with a family of 5 children.
- Co-work with a parent and a colleague from another modality.
- Using EMDR to process the legacy of domestic abuse by the children's father including processing current fears.
As co-workers we found that, using the vehicle of the EMDR group protocol has been an exciting and effective initiative. My colleague and I came from different agencies and worked together in the family's home in a collaborative way with the children, parent and each other We will include in our presentation the children's and parent's views on what worked for them and on the process as a whole.

Keywords: Adolescents Children Family Group Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

91. Morris-Smith, J., & Silvestre, M. (2009, June). EMDR with children, adolescents and family relationships in the context of domestic violence. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Children Domestic Violence

Accuracy Verified: Yes

92. Meignant, I. (2011, June). EMDR with couples in the context of family therapy [EMDR mit paaren im kontext der familientherapie]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The use of both Mony Elkaïm’s systemic model and the AIP model is a new perspective for couples’therapy and for EMDR target plan and further in individual therapy where relational problems are involved. This workshop will teach present a way to do a target plan for relational problem treatment. Focusing on couples’therapy the workshop will show how to do an EMDR case conceptualization integrating the systemic model. It will propose clinical question/answer that will help to decide to use EMDR or not in the couple session, choosing the position of the other member of the couple during the reprocessing phases. It will show the use of individual safe places as a safe place for the couple during the session and at home. What we propose here is that the understanding of Mony Elkaïm’s Systemic model for a couple in crisis guides us to find where to work on the past of each member to heal the couple in the EMDR target plan. We imagine that this understanding can be of help to build a bridge between any 2 parts of a relation: 2friends, 2 colleagues, 2 persons from different culture or religion. The presentation will illustrate how the systemic model created by Mony Elkaïm for understanding couple crisis can be useful in the EMDR treatment of couples, EMDR case conceptualization and EMDR target plan. This model insists on the double bind in which each member of the couple is torn between his/her Official Program and his/her World View. For example: "I want to be loved" (O.P) and" if someone loves me he will leave me" (W.V.). These world views are creating repetitive cycles which are trapping the members of the couple or of any people in interaction. The aim of the EMDR practitioner is to treat the dysfunctional stored memories connected with these world views and give them flexibility to free the members of the couple from the vicious circle in which they are caught. In this presentation we propose to show how making hypothesis about the World view of each member of the couple and verifying them will guide us to the individual target that will be the Gordian knot in the present problem the couple is dealing with, hence helping the system to evolve from a situation of crisis to a situation of equilibrium. Using EMDR will help to give flexibility to the world view of each member. Using it within Mony Elkaïm’s systemic model will help the couple. Following each phase of the EMDR model eight-phases protocol, we will show how it will be applied to couple therapy with case studies and practice example. We will see how this target plan can apply to any dyad or system in crisis in family therapy, couple therapy and individual therapy. Learning objectives: •Understand how to use the systemic model, reciprocal double bind, to find the individual targets that are involved in the couple or any relational present problem in an EMDR target plan. •Being able to do the installation of EMDR safe place as a resource for the couple. •Evaluate more clearly whether and when to use EMDR in the couple therapy session. •Knowing specifications of each of the 8 phases EMDR protocol with couple.

Keywords: Couples Family Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

93. Bardin, A. (2004). EMDR within a family system perspective. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 15(3), 47-61. doi:10.1300/J085v15n03_04.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR is a method used to help the individual trauma victim process the psychological aftereffects of trauma (PTSD). The effects of traumatic experiences, however, spread throughout the victim's family. The case presented here describes the treatment from three perspectives: individual, family, and social context (eco-social). EMDR, used with a nine-year-old stabbing victim, was integrated into wider therapeutic work within the family. This integration widened the focus from the IP to other members of the system, allowing the use of EMDR to “spread” to four out of the five family members. The effects of the trauma on the family and its members were most effectively treated by a combination of individually and systemically oriented interventions.

Keywords: Clinical Case Study Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Family Family Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Therapeutic Process Trauma Victims

Accuracy Verified: Yes

94. Jácome, S. (2007, Novembro). EMDR y psicodrama [EMDR and psychodrama]. Apresentação no I Congresso Ibero-Americano de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objetivos de aprendizaje: • mostrar de una manera práctica los cambios de paradigmas en la atención psicoterapéutica desde la perspectiva del EMDR en cuanto a fortalecer los recursos del ser humano. • demostrar cómo el método de EMDR puede integrarse con otros procedimientos grupales como el psicodrama. • presentar la técnica psicodramática de Pilares de la Vida con EMDR en un contexto de grupo.

Learning Objectives: • show a practical way changes paradigms in the psychotherapeutic from the perspective of EMDR as a strengthen human resources. • demonstrate how EMDR method can group integrated with other procedures as psychodrama. • present psychodramatic technique of Pillars Life with EMDR in a group context.

Keywords: Psychodrama

Accuracy Verified: Yes

95. Mosconi, A., Pezzolo, M., & Trotta, B. (2012, June). EMDR y terapia sistemica - Puntos de conexión, relectura e integración en el proceso terapéutico [EMDR and systemic psychotherapy - Connection points, new interpretations and integrations in the therapeutic process]. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: Spanish

Format: Conference

Abstract:
En el aproche sistémico-relacional del Milán Model, el primer paso para la introducción de un cambio sea al interno de un contexto de terapia individual sea de pareja y/o familiar, es la construcción junto al paciente/sistema familiar de una Hipótesis Sistémica relativo al problema llevado. Tal proceso proporziona la exploración en profundidad sea sincrónica sea diacrónica de los contextos relacionales generadores del problema. La hipótesis con respecto al sistema Relacional coconstruida en el proceso terapéutico, toca temas específicos a través de el uso de precisas técnicas locuaces. Los pilastros de la hipótesis cumplen las dimensiones descritas en el cuadrilátero sistémico en el cual el problema del paciente está conectado en un proceso recursivo a los aspectos interpersonales del contexto de pertenencia.

In the systemic-relational approach of Milan Model, the first step to the introduction of a change both within the context of individual therapy and couple/family one consists of outlining a Systemic Hypothesis on the given problem together with the patient/family system. This process involves both synchronic and diachronic indepth exploration of the relational contexts representing the problem generators. The hypothesis referred to the relational system, outlined together during the therapeutic process, touches specific subjects through the use of specific conversational techniques. The pillars of the hypothesis comply with the dimensions highlighted in the Systemic Quadrilateral where the problem of the patient is connected to a process related to the interpersonal aspects of his environment.

Keywords: Poster Systemic Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

96. Fredin, I. (2005). EMDR-behandling: Barns och ungdomars upplevelser en kvalitetssäkringsstudie [EMDR treatment: Ensuring the quality of EMDR as a treatment for children and young people]. Umeå University, Sweden.

Language: Swedish

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Föreliggande studie är dels ett led i att kvalitetssäkra EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) som behandlingsmetod för barn och ungdomar och dels att utröna om behandlingen bidragit till ett förbättrat mående. EMDR som behandlingsmetod för barn och ungdomar har stöd i kontrollerade studier, men ytterligare forskning behövs. I den här studien deltog åtta barn och ungdomar med varierande diagnoser, vilka fått EMDR-behandling i barn- och ungdomspsykiatrisk öppenvård. Behandlingen ingick i en individualterapi i ett familjeterapeutiskt sammanhang. Barnen/ungdomarna intervjuades per telefon om hur de upplevt behandlingen och om sitt mående i efterförloppet. Information om diagnoser, C-GAS, antal EMDR-sessioner samt terapeutens bedömning inhämtades som komplement till intervjun. Resultaten visar att EMDR-behandlingen upplevs ha bidragit till att obehagskänslor och symtom minskade, men i olika grad, för alla intervjuade barn/ungdomar. Denna förändring kunde också noteras i terapeutens bedömning och i de bedömda C-GAS-värdena. Alla kände sig trygga under behandlingen och tyckte att de fick tillräcklig information. Hälften tyckte att konfrontationen med de svåra minnena var det mest obehagliga. Vissa detaljer i protokollet, såsom att bestämma målbild, upplevdes svårt för över hälften. Alla intervjuade skulle rekommendera EMDR-behandling till andra. Det positiva resultatet talar för att EMDR är en användbar metod för barn- och ungdomar med traumatiska minnen, och att det är värdefullt att satsa på fortsatt forskning kring EMDR med barn- och ungdomar.

The present study is the first part of ensuring the quality of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) as a treatment for children and young people and also to determine if the treatment contributed to an improved malaise. EMDR as a treatment for children and adolescents is supported by controlled studies, but further research is needed. In this study, eight children and adolescents with various diagnoses who received EMDR treatment in child and adolescent psychiatric outpatients. The treatment was part of an individual therapy in a family therapy context. Children / young people were interviewed by telephone about their experiences and treatment of their malaise in its aftermath. Information on diagnosis, C-GAS, number of EMDR sessions and the therapist's assessment was collected as a supplement to the interview. The results show that EMDR treatment is perceived to have contributed to the discomfort and symptoms decreased, but to varying degrees, all interviewed children / adolescents. This change was also noted in the therapist's assessment and the assessed C-GAS-values. All felt safe during the treatment and felt they had enough information. Half thought that the confrontation with the difficult memories was the most unpleasant. Some details of the protocol, such as determining the vision, difficulty was experienced for more than half. All respondents would recommend EMDR treatment to others. The positive results suggest that EMDR is a useful method for children and adolescents with traumatic memories, and that it is worthwhile to invest in continued research on EMDR with children and adolescents.

Keywords: Adolescents Children: Psychotherapy Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

97. Nadler, W. (1996, January). EMDR: Rapid treatment of panic disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry, 2, 1-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article describes Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a new treatment for Panic Disorder, and gives as an example of its application, details of a recent case which resulted in alleviation of panic attacks and a significant decrease in anticipatory anxiety within two sessions. The EMDR method also brought into consciousness a nexus of underlying issues and conflicts concerning loss, separation, anger and guilt. Implications for the treatment of panic are discussed within the context of the etiology of panic including the disparate ideas of Davanloo and Clark. EMDR may possess unique features that allow for a diverse array of treatment targets ranging from conditioned interoceptive sensations and catastrophic beliefs to repressed rage and grief. [Author abstract]

Keywords: Panic Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

98. Morris-Smith, J. (2002). EMDR: Clinical applications with children. ACPP Occasional Paper No. 19, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
Since Francine Shapiro published her original study on Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) in 1989, more than 20,000 therapists in 55 countries have been taught to use this technique. Over the past decade, the procedure has evolved, making it accessible to a wider range of psychological difficulties. The ACPP recently held a very successful conference examining the context in which EMDR can be applied and the range of psychological disorders that it can help. Contents: Robert H. Tinker. EMDR for traumatised children around the world Ricky Greenwald. EMDR and trauma-focused treatment for conduct problems Joanne Morris-Smith. EMDR: a case for pre-verbal memory? Eamon McMahon. EMDR in the treatment of attachment and bonding difficulties Guinevere Tufnell. EMDR: working with the legal system Alison Russell & Mike O'Connor. Interventions for recovery: the use of EMDR with children in a community-based project Umran Korkmazler-Oral & Seniz Pamuk. Group EMDR with child survivors of the earthquake in turkey Tony Roberts. Websites relating to psychological trauma: with emphasis on children

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

99. Quinn, G. (2013, May). EMDR: Immediate emergency treatment for manmade and natural disasters. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Disasters Emergency Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

100. Tufnell, G. (2002). EMDR: Working with the legal system. In J. Morris-Smith (2002) EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 37-41) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This paper reviews the issues with which EMDR practitioners need to be familiar when working with EMDR in a legal context. It will cover issues relating to good practice in the legal context including consent, reliability of evidence and expert witness work. It will include comparisons of hypnosis, claims of false memory, and whether or not to use or withhold EMDR before court work. The paper will assume a basic knowledge of both the legal issues affecting the work of psychotherapists in general and the basics of EMDR practice and will focus mainly on questions specifically relating to the use of EMDR in legal case.

Keywords: Law Legal

Accuracy Verified: Yes

101. Karpel, M. A. (2006, September). EMDR: Targeting the repetition compulsion in couples therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR constitutes a valuable tool for couples therapists when one or both partners are stuck in repetitive, reactive cycles. This workshop describes the circumstances in which EMDR is most likely to be helpful in couples therapy. It examines the benefits of EMDR through the lens of the repetition compulsion, with pariicular emphasis on common - and often intractable - impasses in in the treatment of couples. The origins of the repetition compulsion in early failures of attunement are described, as in the re-enactment of these experiences in the adult couples relationship. Working with EMDR is nested within the context of a resource-based approach to couples therapy, emphasizing how emotional reactivity and defensive withdrawal impede the expression of empathy, trustworthiness, intimacy and repair in the couples relationship. Different formats for conducting EMDR (separately with one partner; separately with both partners; conjointly with both partners; or adjunctively with another therapist) are presented, along with indicators, advantages and disadvantages of each format. Special considerations (such as when to introduce EMDR, balancing alliances, sequencing sessions and instructions to an observing partner) and modifications of the standard protocol when EMDR is used in the context of couples treatment are also clarified. Finally, circumstances in which EMDR is unlikely to be helpful or in which it is contraindicated are examined.

Keywords: Couples Therapy Repetition Compulsion

Accuracy Verified: Yes

102. Quinn, G. (2007, March). Emergency EMDR - treating victims from man made to natural disasters. Presentation at the Fifth annual EMDR UK & Ireland Conference, Glasgow, Scotland.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The workshop on Emergency EMDR will give an overview of crisis intervention and principles of critical incident debriefing following man made and natural disasters. There will be a review of the Neurobiology of Stress and PTSD. The various protocols of EMDR will be discussed such as the standard Protocol, the Recent Events Protocol and the group protocol. The Emergency Response Procedure (ERP), that can be used within hours of a traumatic Incident, will be discussed with case examples demonstrating its usefulness in many cases of Acute Stress Reaction and Disorder. This will be understood within the overall context of the principles of Psychological First Aid. All of this will be discussed with case examples of victims treated after terrorist attacks and war in Israel and after the Tsunami in 2004. There will be a practicum on Group EMDR.

Keywords: Katyushas, Man-Made Disasters Terrorist Bombings Tsunami

Accuracy Verified: Yes

103. D'Anca, J. A. (1996). Employing eye movement, desensitization/reorientation (EMDR) to treat posttraumatic stress disorder: A case study. Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. AAT 9701975.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The author presents a case study of a 42- year-old white female, the victim of multiple sexual traumas resulting in PTSD. Eye Movement Desensitization/Reorientation (EMDR), a relatively new technique, is employed within the broader context of talk therapy to effect change. EMDR's therapeutic effectiveness is evaluated on a trauma-by-trauma basis through Subjective Units of Distress (SUD), pre- and post-treatment. The maintenance of sustained effected change in SUD ratings is monitored over time on a monthly basis throughout psychotherapy's duration. The patient's changes in overall level of functioning resulting from EMDR and talk therapy are evaluated through changes in MMPI and Rorschach scores. Patient progress is monitored three times through the assessment combination of these two measures: pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. This study addresses the following questions: Is Eye Movement Desensitization/Reorientation an effective technique in decreasing or eliminating symptomatology and psychopathology resulting from PTSD; and are any therapeutic benefits from its use maintained over a period of at least one year? Finally, what changes in the patient's overall level of functioning result from the combination of EMDR and talk therapy?The review of literature presents four models of PTSD: (a) the information processing model, (b) the psychological model, (c) the structural-developmental model (Fluid character pathology), and (d) the structural-developmental model (Dysregulation of impulse). These models offer a basis for conceptualizing PTSD as well as present the typical features of this pathology. The current diagnostic criteria for diagnosis as presented in DSM-IV also are included. Finally, a comprehensive review of the current literature available on Eye Movement Desensitization is presented. Results from the employ of EMDR evidence substantial reduction of PTSD symptomatology for all traumas treated. The reduction of symptomatology sustained for as long as 26 months. A summary of the case, findings, discussion of relevant information along with recommendations completes this work. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 57(8-B), Feb 1997, pp. 5321.

Keywords: Adults Adult Child Abuse Case Study Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

104. Henry-Schneider, P. (2007, September). Enhancing the flow toward mental health: Integrating EMDR and ai chi. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Ai Chi is a moving meditation in warm water that can be understood within the context of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. It can be utilized as part of the overall EMDR-oriented treatment plan, both to prepare for desensitization and as a way to close down incomplete sessions. It can also be part of performance enhancement EMDR. As a multimodal experience, Ai Chi helps to develop the body as a resource and parallels the interpersonal neurobiology definition of mental health. Unique qualities that Ai Chi offers will be explored. Participants will be given the opportunity to experience the process firsthand. Please Note: In order to fully participate, please bring a swimsuit or other suitable attire for use in a swimming pool.

Keywords: Ai Chi Meditation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

105. Shapiro, F. (1996, September). Errors of context and review of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing research. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27(3), 313-317. doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(96)00035-3 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been marked by an emphasis on research, beginning with its introduction by a controlled study in 1989. However, misconceptions regarding the method abound. A recent inaccurate literature review demonstrates the need for more careful scrutiny. To date, 12 controlled studies have been completed in the area of PTSD, most of which support EMDR's efficacy. Nevertheless, a careful examination of a number of studies and of a recent literature review reveal the need for greater methodological rigor and higher clinical standards in both the research and research evaluation process. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Scientific Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

106. Lindsay, J. K. (1994). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of rape survivors. University of Oregon. AAT 9519676.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
In the context of managed care, effective short-term treatment has become a priority for psychologists. This is particularly true for the recalcitrant symptoms of PTSD which are often associated with protracted treatment and disappointing outcome.This study investigated the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a short-term treatment for PTSD. The independent variable, EMDR, was introduced sequentially in a multiple baseline design across subjects. 5 survivors of rape who met DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD received 4 to 6 weekly sessions of EMDR provided by five licensed psychotherapists with Level 2 EMDR training. Treatment outcomes included (a) large reductions in symptomatology evident in self-monitored data and objective measures, (b) replication of treatment effect in 5 out of 5 subjects, (c) qualitative and behavior change data which corroborate treatment effect, and (d) analyses which demonstrate the clinical significance of the changes, as well as the statistical significance of the differences between pretreatment and follow-up scores (with a confidence level of .05 or beyond). The study suggests that EMDR is very effective for treating long-term, recalcitrant symptoms of PTSD which have not resolved with time or previous therapy. The study provides a methodological model for calibrating treatment and developing accountability for treatment efficacy which can be applied across treatments and settings. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Empirical Study Females Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

107. Shapiro, F. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Historical context, recent research, and future directions. In L. Vandecreek, S. Knapp, & T. L. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book. V. 16, 1998 edition. (pp. 143-162) Sarasosta, FL: Professional Resource Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
I here only briefly review the 8 treatment phases of which EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is compromised. The remainder of this contribution reviews the current state of EMDR research and clinical practice. Specifically, I (a) explore the historical context in which EMDR is placed, (b) review the extant publications and emerging research on this method, (c) make some suggestions for clinicians who are offering or evaluating new innovations, and (d) describe some recent clinical applications of EMDR. The earlier controversy that swirled around EMDR appears symptomatic of a lamentable split between practicing therapists and researchers (usually academic) which has manifested itself in professional psychology in a variety of ways. Because of its visibility, EMDR may well prove a vehicle to help close this gap. Hopefully, the experience of offering EMDR to the field of psychology provides lessons that will prove useful to practicing clinicians and future innovators. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Disorders Future Directions History Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

108. Shapiro, F. (1996, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Evaluation of controlled PTSD research. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27(3), 209-218. doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(96)00029-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The complete controlled PTSD research on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is placed within the context of other methods used in the treatment of PTSD. A number of studies are presented that support EMDR as an empirically validated method. However, in several studies, clinical standards have not always been integrated with rigorous scientific methdology. The suggested standards include fidelity checks for the method being tested, the use of appropriate psychometrics, and assessment of co-morbidity factors. At the same time, because of common misconceptions about the method, a variety of problematic issues are discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults European Americans Arousal Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

109. Tootell, E. (2004). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A comprehensive literature review. Argosy University, San Francisco, CA. AAT 3118435.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Since Francine Shapiro's first published paper on EMD therapy in 1989, there has been a tendency toward polarization in EMDR research. Those who tend to believe in the effectiveness of EMDR tend to find results which confirm their point of view. Those who have been very skeptical about the effectiveness of EMDR have tended to produce findings which validated their perspective also. The result of this has been years of back and forth research, without a great deal of moving forward by asking new questions based on previous findings. This literature review involved evaluating all available research on EMDR published in English as of March 1, 2002. Studies were categorized as contributing to knowledge about EMDR in general, or emphasizing specific aspects. Specific aspects were breadth of application, subjectivity of effects, EMDR's effect on intrusive PTSD symptoms, the necessity for eye movements, how EMDR works, if it does, and whether it produces lasting change.Findings included a probable effect from EMDR in treating traumatic memories. It has not been found equally effective in treating other kinds of anxiety or other psychological maladies. Subjectivity is an ongoing issue in EMDR research, yet there are several forms of data indicating an effect in a context in which subjectivity could not have been a significant factor. If EMDR works better for intrusive PTSD symptoms compared to others, the difference is minor. The necessity of eye movements has not been clarified, largely because of the use of alternate forms of bilateral brain stimulation as a control condition when these in fact may promote a similar process. EMDR appears to produce change that is as lasting as any other form of psychotherapy. The main conclusion is that there is a paucity of research including a variety of independent variables. The ongoing battle as to whether EMDR works or not has delayed thorough inquiry into for whom it works, compared to for whom it does not work. It is argued that the field, as well as the clinical population, would be well served if research could move in the direction of rectifying this situation. [Author Abstract] Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(1-B), 2004, pp. 455.

Keywords: Literature Review Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

110. Rose, L. (2012). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An exploration from science to soul. Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA. 1507791.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment for trauma that has been approached primarily from cognitive-behavioral and neurobiological perspectives. This thesis explores the notion that much of EMDR's effect in the way of transformation and healing trauma is due to its ability to provoke imagination. The possibility of EMDR's connection with the imaginal faculty of the psyche is investigated with an emphasis on the qualities of EMDR that are grounded in depth psychology principles. Trauma and the importance of imagination in the healing process are discussed from the approach of the analytical and archetypal schools of psychology in addition to current bioscience perspectives. The research methodology used is alchemical hermeneutics, which facilitates the mining of unconscious material through transference dialogues. The thesis demonstrates that EMDR, when practiced within the context of depth psychology, is one avenue for activating significant, transformative imagery and accessing the unconscious to facilitate healing.

Keywords: Archetype Biological Sciences Dream

Accuracy Verified: Yes

111. Drexler, B. M. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An exploration of use by licensed clinical social workers. California State University, Long Beach, CA. AAT 1377511.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
This exploratory-descriptive study presents an examination of Licensed Clinical Social Workers (LCSWs) who use Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and of clients with whom they use it. EMDR is a rapid exposure treatment protocol for trauma consisting of a therapeutic interview accompanied by therapist directed eye movements, and is conducted in the context of ongoing therapy. Results of a mailed survey indicate that the 14 respondents are affluent experienced White/Anglo women working with White/Anglo women in eclectic private practices. They seek effective technologies of psychotherapy and view EMDR as such. They use EMDR with longer term treatments to help clients proceed with therapy when 'stuck'. Additional research appears warranted.

Keywords: Practice Theory Use by Social Worker

Accuracy Verified: Yes

112. Dekker, A. (2001, June). Eye to eye? Bilateral stimulation in cross-cultural context. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify cross-cultural healing practices that incoporate bilateral stimilation; 2) describe relevant research studies; and 3) identiy guildeines for the development of culturally sensitive applications of EMDR.

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Cultural Healing Practices

Accuracy Verified: Yes

113. Maccio, E., Monaco, A., & Evans, D. (2001, June). Fix my kid!: Using EMDR with adolescents with conduct problems within a family therapy context. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) recognize adolescent clinical presentations; 2) incorporate EMDR into family therapy; 3) engage/motivate resistant youth; 4) identify stressors; 5) differentiate various non-responses; and 6) learn new methods of approaching the treatment protocol.

Keywords: Adolescents Conduct Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

114. van der Kolk, B. A. (2010, July). Frontiers of trauma treatment. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

115. Dellucci, H. (2012, June). The Gear Box. A structured protocol for a safe EMDR process with complex trauma [“Gearbox” (Caja de cambios): un protocolo estructurado para un proceso [terapéutico] seguro con EMDR [en pacientes] con trauma complejo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR with people suffering from complex trauma often leads to difficulties regarding the treatment plan, but also during desensitization, reprocessing, with a risk of major destabilization, and treatment drop outs. Often, many targets, especially those coming from early childhood, are pre-‐verbal in nature and stay therefore implicit. Should we then renounce in doing EMDR with these people? Is it possible to apply EMDR safely and without getting lost, adjusting to each person, so different from another, and their life events somewhat chaotic? The gearbox, through the metaphor of a journey by car, suggests a hierarchical processing structure to navigate through therapy with people suffering from complex trauma, which allows the therapist to adapt to the client, his/her life context, knowing what to do, and why. The result is a more self-‐confident therapist, who is able to adapt to the client, being so more flexible and safe while doing EMDR. By integrating the current knowledge of EMDR for complex trauma, the gearbox is a dynamic and adaptive tool.

EMDR en personas que sufren trauma complejo a menudo conlleva dificultades respecto al plan terapéutico y también durante la desensibilización y reprocesamiento, con el riesgo de una desestabilización mayor y el abandono del tratamiento. Con frecuencia, muchos de los objetivos y, muy especialmente los que tienen su origen en la primera infancia, son preverbales y, por lo tanto, permanecen implícitos. ¿Deberíamos renunciar al uso de EMDR con estas personas? ¿Es posible aplicar EMDR de forma segura y sin perderse, adaptándose a cada persona, tan distintas unas de otras, así como a sus eventos de vida, algo caóticos? “Gearbox”, a través de una metáfora de un viaje en coche, sugiere una estructura jerárquica de procesamiento para navegar por la terapia con personas que sufre trauma complejo, lo que permite al terapeuta a adaptarse al cliente, el contexto de su vida, sabiendo qué hacer y por qué. El resultado es un terapeuta con más confianza en sí mismo, capaz de adaptarse al cliente, con mucho más flexibilidad y seguridad mientras utiliza EMDR. Al integrar los conocimientos actuales de EMDR en casos de trauma complejo, “la caja de cambios” es una herramienta dinámica y adaptativa.

Keywords: Gear Box

Accuracy Verified: Yes

116. Macdonald, H. (2009, October). Getting to grips with the pain protocol. Presentation at the 2nd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop, Leeds, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Pain Protocol workshop will focus on the practical application of the Pain Protocol (based on Grant and Threlfo 2002); in the context of evidence available regarding its effectiveness. The emphasis of the workshop will be on clinical work using the protocol, and sharing experiences in practice. It is aimed at participants who have completed EMDR training, but who may have not had extensive experience working with this client group using EMDR.

Keywords: Pain Protocol

Accuracy Verified: Yes

117. Delisco. T., Volkman, M., Peacock, S. A., Frater, A. (2004). Grief and Loss. In V. R. Volkman (Ed). Beyond conversations on traumatic incident reduction. (pp. 58-73). Ann Arbor, MI, US: Loving Healing Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
In this section, Teresa Descilo takes a fascinating look at grief and loss in the context of Western culture. Marian Volkman explains how a special application of TIR called "Future TIR" can be used in cases of bereavement. Sharie Peacock brings us a very moving account of a TIR session that brought about resolution of the loss of a child. And finally, Alex Prater shares some stories from his practice. /// "Relieving the Traumatic Aspects of Death with TIR and EMDR" / Teresa Descilo /// "Future TIR: A Conversation with Marian Volkman" / Marian Volkman /// "Loss of a Child - Session Notes" / Sharie Ann Peacock /// "TIR and Grief: A Brief Conversation with Alex Frater" / Alex Frater (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Grief Loss

Accuracy Verified: Yes

118. Herbert, C. (2003, May). Healing the “inner child” – EMDR imagery rescripting techniques with complex trauma clients. In Attachment and complex trauma. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR-based imagery re-scripting techniques with a modified concept of Cognitive Schema Modes (Young, 1999). Based on clinical case examples, the use of imagery techniques, which draw on all sensory modalities (involving cognitive, emotional and somatic systems) during the auditory application of EMDR will be described, to help complex trauma clients firstly approach and recognize and subsequently attach to and nurture the image of their own “inner child”. Rather than establishing a sense of unrealistic dependency on the therapist by integrating him or her as the sole nurturer, clients are encouraged to develop an image of their own ‘healthy adult’, who can learn to take on the role of internal re-nurturing, protection and healing of the ‘inner child’. Techniques for overcoming blockages between a client’s ‘healthy adult’ and their ‘inner child’ representations are described. It is proposed that differentiating between ‘child’ and ‘adult’ modes and tuning into these through deep-level EMDR processing, allows clients to re-connect to feelings associated with their earlier experiences of helplessness and dependency during childhood, which can now be re-experienced within a safe and nurturing context. It is suggested that this will allow higher order brain systems, such as the hippocampus, to remain active and therefore enable cognitive and structural re-organization of the stored material in the brain and body cells. Once a positive attachment bond between a client’s internalised ‘inner child’ and ‘healthy adult’ modes has been achieved this can then be utilized further during direct trauma processing work. It is argued that healing of the ‘inner child’ enables healing of the adult client so that a more positive and secure sense of self can be achieved.

Keywords: Attachment Theory Complex PTSD Imagery Inner Child Rescripting Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

119. Brivio, R., & Bergamaschi, L. (2008, January). Human and organizational aspects affecting the wellbeing in rescue-working activity: EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation: The role of training methods, practice and simulation for psychological risks prevention and management in emergency workers.. International Workshop Reinforce Rescuers' Resilience by Empowering a well-being Demension Workshop, Turin, Italy .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The wellbeing of rescuers: Relational, organizational and technical aspects that can affect rescuers' wellbeing during rescue activities: Stress inoculation, role playing and the role of mirror neurons in training, also through the use of video recordings. Relaxation techniques, psychological debriefing and EMDR in trainings.

Focus of our intervention is the wellbeing of the rescuer. The study and research on this matter came and were carried out thanks to the activity done both during trainings and simulations of the Civil Protection than real emergencies. Our team work received contribution by some psychologists of OPP (Parma’s Psychologists’ Observatory: A.Sozzi, E.Pedrelli, F.Frati, A. Bocelli, T. Serra). Wellbeing, defined as a subjective and positive emotional state together with a global life satisfaction (Diener, 1984), is strongly at risk during rescuer’s emergency activities and can affect the rescuer both physically and psychologically. The rescuer's capabilities, that we think are technical “know how” and thorough knowledge, are essential to give the best performance according to the complexity and urgency of the intervention. These skills can really contribute to the rescuer's wellbeing, because they can improve the self-efficiency perception. To effectively manage and train rescuers, it is furthermore important to consider and acknowledge the influence of interpersonal relationships on technical performances. It is, in fact, particularly important to recognize and support the typical relationships that can be created in a team with the same task and specialization, as well as in multidisciplinary teams, or teams belonging to different Institutions but operating in the same scenario.

In recent years increasing attention has been given to training activities, even through the use of the role play for interventions in artificial emergency scenarios. To recreate scenarios of massive emergencies, different Civil Protection Associations, as well as First Aid volunteer associations and the local Institutions have been involved. In these simulations, most cases focus on improving technical performances. Lately psychologists have been asked to join the rescuers team. During these simulations, the role-play of emotional and psychological problems occurs thanks to the cooperation between emergency psychologists and the medical team. The introduction of the role and expertise of psychologists allowed to extend and strengthen the attention to cross support and care aspects for the psychological wellbeing of both victims and rescuers. The psychologist must therefore consider the “wellbeing” in all the emergency scenarios and contexts, as a sum of all the components that we talked about here and the ones we will describe during our intervention. He must first of all be aware of the complexity of each intervention in the field, and adopt a kind of approach aimed at creating and recovering wellbeing strategies, that can be used by himself as well. Strategies on how to build, recover and maintain the wellbeing identify stress as the first danger source the rescuer has to face in his training and emergency activity. When external events or stimuli are perceived as difficult to face compared with resources available at that moment, the individual gets stressed. When the person's efforts are not adaptive to the external requests and/or coherent with his performance expectations, he becomes vulnerable to emotional, behavioural, cognitive and physical reactions, which can be even very difficult to manage both in the short and/or in the medium-long term. This can happen when the sources of stress depend on the rescuer’s performance, and it can also happen in case of post traumatic stress, visible in different stages after the event. From the psychologist's specialist background and from the integration of this with the result of field experiences, the demand for a range of different tools to manage the different kinds of stress emerges, and these tools must be applicable both to the individual and to the group. This range is still improving, and the results of our observational activity from past and present experiences lead us to see the opportunity to carry on our research of tools of efficacy. During this speech we would like to underline that approaches like Stress Inoculation Training (SIT, Michenbaum, 1983) and the use of role playing allow the technical appraisal and let the rescuers improve their stress management skills, and all that can lead to a decrease in the risk of PTSD. In past simulations of emergencies, we found out that the use of videotapes for the role plays is a tool that should be taken more into account. We think it is important to evaluate its potential for the rescuers' benefit, because it seems to be not only “a record of technical performances”, but also an observation and learning tool about the rescuer's own defence and adaptive strategies. In fact, during these simulations we found out that the rescuers' psychological and emotional vulnerability emerged in several situations. The fact that even in these artificial situations there were acute stress episodes and O codes urged us to focus more on the matter of mutual influence between technical performance and internal experience of stress. We understand that such acute stress episodes may occur during real life critical events but we can see how role playing and video recordings show that such acute stress episodes affected the simulators themselves even during the simulation. The videos show that even apparently “high immunity” simulators, who are considered 'immune' thanks to their comprehensive and strong experience, experienced acute stress, perhaps because of an incorrect selfevaluation of their own stress management skills. The interest in the use of videos as a training and reprocessing tool for rescuers led some of us to specialize in role playing recording, so as to carry out a more accurate and comprehensive study on those same videos and use them as a mirror of reality and better educational tool through a vicar experience or through “seeing oneself from within the experience” and in the interpersonal dynamics that took place in the scenario. Videotapes are a very known and widely used tool in other kinds of trainings, disciplines and therapies (i.e. Family Therapy and CBT). The discovery of mirror neurons by Rizzolati, Gallese et Al., provides the evidence that when someone observes the same action performed by another person, the neurons "mirrors" the behaviour of that person, as though the observer were itself acting. Thanks to these researchers it is now proven that this can happen thanks to the motor neurons in the pre-motor cortex. Therefore, we would like to underline the role of videos as very useful and versatile training tools, since they expose a situation in an unexpected realistic manner “as if” it were true and “as if” we were really experiencing that situation, with the consequent learning movements at the emotional, cognitive and behavioural level, at the stress management level, as well as at the level of team work dynamics. Visual imagination activates the same brain regions that are active during visual perception and motor imagination activates the same brain regions activated the movement is really happening. More importantly, it was possible for us to verify that the videos recorded by other operators were not focused on showing the important psychological aspects we mentioned for the goal of the trainings, thing that happened instead with the videos recorded by psychologists. We think therefore that the use of videotapes recorded by psychologists should be given more consideration in the trainings of rescuers. During this intervention we will devote part of the time to broadcasting two short videos; the first one shows the role playing of an intervention in an emergency context, and the second one shows a part of an EMDR session (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing). We think it is important to recreate and protect rescuers wellbeing in the post-role playing and post emergency stages too. For years EMDR has been proven effective in improving the individual's coping skills and in reprocessing, wherever necessary, the post traumatic aspects resulting from critical events to whom not only the victims, but also the rescuers too, are exposed during emergencies.

Keywords: Emergency Workers Mirror Neuron and Stress Inoculation Rescue-Working Activity Risk Prevention and Management

Accuracy Verified: Yes

120. Baddeley, M. (1996, March). Hypnotherapy, gestalt, EMDR and the treatment of post traumatic stress. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 17(1), 41-47.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The paper consists of clinical observations on the use of Gestalt and EMDR under hypnosis for the treatment of post-traumatic stress. The observations are made in the context of 2 cases:(1) an individual who had been bound during an armed hold-up in her home. (2) an emergency services worker suffering from accumulated stress resulting in burn-out. The paper concludes by drawing out a number of principles that give structure to working with the above techniques. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Gestalt Therapy Hypnotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

121. Baddelely, M. (1996, March). Hypnotherapy, Gestalt, EMDR and the treatment of posttraumatic stress. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis, 17(1), 41-47.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract: Abstract: Discusses the clinical observations on the use of Gestalt therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprogramming (EMDR) under hypnosis for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The observations are made in the context of 2 cases: (1) a woman who had been bound during an armed hold-up in her home, and (2) an emergency services worker suffering from accumulated stress resulting in burn-out. Therapy for PTSD requires the re-education of the subconscious. The use of Gestalt and EMDR under hypnosis effectively brings about this re-education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Gestalt Hynotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

122. Occhi, S., Albiol, L. M., & Cicognani, E. (2007). Il disturbo post-traumatico da stress: Una rassegna [Post-traumatic stress disorder: A review]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 13(3), 323-344.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Questo articolo presenta una rassegna aggiornata teorico del Post-Traumatico da Stress Disorder (PTSD) concetto, un disturbo mentale che può comparire dopo essere stato esposto direttamente o indirettamente, ad un evento traumatico. L'articolo inizia con una descrizione della sintomatologia, suddivisi in: rivivere l'evento traumatico, evitamento, ottundimento reattività generale e ipervigilanza. Questo è seguito da una presentazione dei più recenti studi che indicano la presenza di disordine da stress post-traumatico nella popolazione, sia nella popolazione generale e nei soggetti direttamente coinvolti in un evento traumatico. Post-traumatico da stress sintomi del disturbo sono identificati mediante questionari specifici descritti nella sezione riferimento a strumenti di indagine. Lo studio delle basi biologiche per il PTSD è diventata particolarmente significativo negli ultimi anni, e abbiamo analizzato questo contesto in modo più approfondito per questo motivo, con particolare riferimento al ruolo dell'asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene. Un impulso importante dello studio del PTSD è dovuto alla crescente importanza dato alla prevenzione, intesa come riduzione dell'impatto dei disturbi psichiatrici che concentrandosi su Eye Movement Desensibilizzazione e ritrattamento (EMDR), il trattamento psicologico, con il supporto di tecniche che riguarda la terapia cognitivo comportamentale e il trattamento farmacologico che prevede l'uso di inibitori della ricaptazione della serotonina selettiva, quali siano le forme più studiate. (PsycINFO record del database (c) 2008 APA, tutti i diritti riservati)

This article presents an updated theoretical review of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) concept, a mental disorder that can appear after being exposed directly or indirectly to a traumatic event. The article begins with a description of the symptomatology, divided in: re-living the traumatic event, avoidance, dulling general reactivity and hyperarousal. This is followed by a presentation of the most recent studies which indicate the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the population, both in the general population and in subjects directly involved in a traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms are identified by using specific questionnaires described in the section referring to investigation instruments. The study of the biological bases for PTSD has become particularly significant in recent years, and we analysed this context in greater detail for this reason, with particular reference to the role of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. An important boost of the study of PTSD is due to the increasing importance placed on prevention, understood as a reduction of the impact of psychiatric disorders which focusing on Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), on psychological treatment, with the support of techniques that concerns cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment that involves the use of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, which are the forms studied most. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review

Accuracy Verified: No

123. Fernandez, I. (2009, Marzo). Il trauma della sterilita: Applicazioni cliniche dell'EMDR [The trauma of infertility: Clinical Applications of EMDR]. Presentazione presso il soma Convegno Infertilita ARM e Psiche: Riflessioni, professinalita, Esperienza a confronto, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Negli ultimi 20 anni l'Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) come approccio terapeutico e diventato uno instrumento significativo per la practica clinica. L'EMDR costituisce un metodo psicoterapeutico innovativo, attualmente soggetto ad una grand quantita di ricerca specialmente in ambito nerurofisiologico. Attulament esiste molta evidenza empirica scaturita dalla ricerca condotta con gruppi de controllo, che supportano la validita di questo metodo e nuovo approccio terapeutico per il Disturbo Post-Traumatico da Stress (PTSD) e le linee guida internazionali per la pratica clinica lo segnalano come trattament elettivo dei disturbi post-traumatici da stress. Le esperienze traumatiche non elaborate sono in genere considerate la causa primaria della sintomatologia del disturbo post traumatico da stress e possono essere fonte de disagio concorrenti allo sviluppo di altri disturbi d'ansia e dell'umore. Data la sua efficacia nella risoluzione di sintomi da stress dope un evento traumatico particolarmente grave, l'EMDR puo essere applicato con altri disturbi che possono essere conseguenti ad un grosso stress psico-fisico. In alcune condizioni la sterilita potrebbe rientrare tra gli eventi di tipo traumatico o a forte impatto emotivo, a seconda del vissuto soggettiveo della paziente. Tenendo conto che il vissuto traumatico puo avere un impatto anche sui legami affettivi, l'identita della persona, la modulazione affettiva, il comportamento distruttivo rivolto a se o agli altri, ecc., l'EMDR potrebbe essere particolarmente indicato per il trattamento del disagio psicologico legato alla sterilita. Nel case della sterilita puo essere utilizzato per affontare: 1) traumi precedenti che possono constituire un fattore di rischio per l'insorgere della depressione. Per esempio: traumi subiti in eta percoce,compresa la perdita della capacita de regolazione emotiva, possono essere alla base di comportamenti che evidenziano una tendenza cronical ad instaurare rapporti distruttivi, la dissociazinoe e l'amnesia, la somatizzazione, e problemi caratteriali cronici come la auto-colpevolizzazione, il senso de inadeuatezza, ecc. 2) L'impatto de problemi medici e di altri natura che possono essere insorti e possono aver constituto una fonte di stress. 3) L'impatto delle difficolta oggettive e soggettive date dalla nuova condizione. 4) Schemi cognitivi difunzionali come "non sono in grado", non sono all'altezza della nuova situazione familiare", oppure "non sono una brava madre". 5) L'impatto della riattivazione de traume o situazioni disfunzionali nella propria famiglia di origine. 6) Le risorse, i comportamenti positivi e gli schemi adattivi di attaccamento devono essere rafforzati e puo essere usato l'EMDR anche per questo obiettivo.

Over the past 20 years, Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a therapeutic approach has become a significant instrumento for clinical practica. EMDR is an innovative psychotherapeutic method which is currently subject to a great deal of research especially in the context nerurofisiologico. Attulament there is plenty of empirical evidence generated by research conducted with groups of control, which support the validity of this method and new therapeutic approach for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and international guidelines for clinical practice report it as elective trattament of post-traumatic stress disorder. Traumatic experiences were not processed are generally considered the primary cause of the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder and can be a source of discomfort to the development of competitors other anxiety and mood disorders. Because of its effectiveness in resolving symptoms of traumatic stress is a particularly serious dope, EMDR can be applied to other disorders that may be associated with a great psycho-physical stress. In some circumstances, the sterility may be among the type of traumatic event or a strong emotional impact, depending on the patient lived soggettiveo. Considering that the traumatic experience can have an impact on emotional relationships, the identity of the person, the emotional modulation, destructive behavior directed at oneself or others, etc.., EMDR may be particularly indicated for the treatment of discomfort psychological linked to infertility. In the case of infertility can be used for men faced: 1) previous trauma that can constitues a risk factor for the onset of depression. For example: age peaches in trauma, including loss of the ability of emotional regulation may be the basis of behaviors that show a tendency to establish relations cronical destructive, and the dissociazinoe amnesia, somatization, and temperament problems such as chronic self-blame, sense of inadeuatezza, etc.. 2) The impact of medical problems and other nature that may be incurred and may have constituta a source of stress. 3) The impact of objective and subjective difficulties given the new condition. 4) difunctional cognitive schemata as "can not" are not up to the new family situation, "or" not a good mother. "5) The impact of the reactivation of trauma or dysfunctional situations in their family of origin . 6) The resources and positive behaviors and adaptive patterns of attachment must be reinforced and EMDR can be used for this purpose.

Keywords: Infertility

Accuracy Verified: Yes

124. Jacome, S. (2012, Novembro). Imagens associativas e EMDR [Associative images and EMDR]. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Uma diferença entre uma técnica e um modelo é que o último dá ao terapeuta um quadro, uma abordagem de processo e planejamento do tratamento. A conceituação de casos em terapia EMDR permite que o paciente e o terapeuta para visualizar claramente o tratamento do roteiro. Irá abordar a conceituação dos casos e fazendo história em EMDR uso de imagens associativas ou metafórico para identificar os alvos a serem processados. Isso vai chamar a uma variedade de cartões com imagens conhecidas como cartas associativos OH, um novo resort na Europa, Canadá e Estados Unidos e fazem parte da psicoterapia. Estes grupos de letras foram criadas para promover a comunicação, o desenvolvimento, narrativa, criatividade e imaginação de adultos e crianças. Eles são ferramentas terapêuticas que podem ser utilizados na avaliação do tratamento e monitorização de pacientes com distúrbios emocionais. Esta ferramenta é usada para ativar esquemas disfuncionais, e incentivar a reflexão, e desinibição. Estimular a capacidade associativa e narrativo, evocativo estimulante, rico em memórias e imaginação. Associações letras ajudam-nos a exteriorizar nossas idéias e emoções de forma espontânea, fazendo-a emergir em nossa consciência. Daí o seu valor na abordagem EMDR. Também vai mostrar como desenvolver recursos de enfrentamento e imagens associativas usando EMDR e estado de ego como endereço usando imagens associativas. Este recurso pode ser aplicado a um indivíduo ou grupo de contexto.

One difference between a technical and a model is that the latter gives the therapist a framework, a process approach and treatment planning. The conceptualization of cases in EMDR therapy allows the patient and therapist to clearly visualize the treatment of the script. Will address the conceptualization of cases and making history in EMDR use of images or metaphorical associations to identify targets to be processed. This will draw a variety of cards with letters images known as associative OH, a new resort in Europe, Canada and the United States are part of psychotherapy. These groups of letters were created to promote communication, development, storytelling, creativity and imagination of adults and children. They are therapeutic tools that can be used in the evaluation and monitoring of treatment of patients with emotional disturbances. This tool is used to activate dysfunctional schemas, and encourage reflection, and disinhibition. Stimulating capacity and associative narrative, evocative stimulating, rich in memories and imagination. Associations letters help us to externalize our ideas and emotions spontaneously, causing it to emerge in our consciousness. Hence its value in the EMDR approach. Also will show how to develop coping resources and associative images using EMDR and ego state as address using associative images. This feature can be applied to an individual or group of context.

Keywords: Associative Images Images Metaphoric Associations Target Identification

Accuracy Verified: Yes

125. Henry-Schneider, P. (2013, May). The importance of working with the mind/body system. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Ai Chi is a moving meditation in warm water. It is a powerful way to reinforce the body as a positive resource, because it is a multimodal experience. Ai Chi involves being aware of the body in a warm, supportive, nurturing environment. As Bessel van der Kolk points out, “Our brains will continue to take in new information and construct new realities as long as our bodies feel safe.” (2003) Ai Chi reinforces feelings of safety, allowing clients to build upon positive memories and to release negative ones. Ai Chi can be integrated into various stages of the EMDR model. Given an increased awareness of the significance of somatic interventions, an introduction to a little-known modality is important. Utilizing concepts of interpersonal neurobiology developed by Daniel Siegel, levels of integration that constitute mental health will be explored. It will become clear that the characteristics that represent integration are paralleled and reinforced by the Ai Chi process. This puts both EMDR and Ai Chi within a broader context and demonstrates how Ai Chi can reinforce and expand the effects of EMDR. The experience of incorporating a sense of well-being becomes both literal and metaphorical. Participants will learn some of the movements on land and also watch a video of the process. Not only is Ai Chi suitable for most populations, it is particularly helpful for people with chronic pain issues as well as an older population. Learning Objectives: • Come to a basic understanding of mental health from an interpersonal neurobiological point of view • Learn about the practice of Ai Chi • Explore how combining EMDR and Ai Chi can promote the 9 levels of integration described by Daniel Siegel MD • Hear about specific cases and how combining EMDR and Ai Chi has contributed to the resolution of a variety of mental health issues • Experience Ai Chi and/or watch video demonstrating Ai Chi.

Keywords: Ai Chi Mind/Body Connection

Accuracy Verified: Yes

126. Lichti, J. (2009, August). Improving EMDR consultation: Using practice research to develop best practices. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This workshop is for EMDRIA Approved Consultants, Consultants-In-Training and those seriously considering becoming Approved Consultants. We will review the context of EMDR consultation and identify the differences between therapy, consultation and consultation-of-consultation. The implications of the supervision/consultation literature will be reviewed, and the tools, resources, and recordings from actual consultations will be presented. Original research on the practices of EMDRIA Approved Consultants will be reviewed and Best Practices emerging from the literature and EMDR consultation research will be identified. Participants will use all the above information to analyze their own consultation practices and discuss with peers how to improve their consultation services.

Keywords: Consultation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

127. Baldwin, D. (1997). Innovation, controversy, and consensus in traumatology. Traumatology, 3(1), 7-22. doi:10.1177/153476569700300103.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Controversy follows innovation and threats to the status quo in many social domains, including the sciences. This article briefly summarizes information from the philosophy of science and data from studies of conflict in diverse fields. It then introduces two independent contemporary controversies in traumatology -- a new clinical method called EMDR and the Final Report of the APA Working Group on memories of childhood abuse -- and considers them within a broader context of the historical rift between psychological research and practice. The aim is to step outside the frame of specific conflicts and identify differences in philosophical orientation and values that contribute to communication difficulties and associated conflict between partisans. Approaches are offered toward building consensus within the field. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Child Abuse Commentary False Memory Rape Scientific Research Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

128. Yang, Y. (2005, June). An integrated grief-focused intervention after the death of a chief teacher. In Psychotrauma and EMDR in China and Slovakia, Part 1. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
During the SARS outbreak in 2003, a chief middle school teacher in Beijing unfortunately died of the disease. After her death, her students and colleagues fell into a state of emotional and behavioral disturbance. We describe in this paper a grief-focused intervention program offered by the community-based youth hotline crisis intervention group and the school counselor. In particular, the paper focuses on describing in detail a group based intervention program for the affected students, including its administrative structure, therapeutic objectives and interventions, and group process. The intervention protocol was designed by combining cognitive behavior and social therapy with some adapted skills of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). It was found that stabilization and installation were strongly significant in helping the students to recover from this traumatic event by focusing on positive resources. We argue that in the Chinese cultural context, it is most important to build such an integrated crisis intervention scheme to cope with such an event.

Keywords: China Grief Psychotrauma Slovakia Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

129. Nichols, L. M. (2012). Integrating complementary therapies with counseling: A qualitative study of practicing counselors' approaches to wellness. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
There is a growing interest in the United States in complementary therapies (CT) to address the health needs and hopes of individuals. Research in the medical and allied health communities has reflected the expanding interest, however, the counseling profession has limited literature focusing on CT integration practices. The current study expands on existing research using a constructivist lens and grounded theory approach; a sample of 16 practicing counselors were interviewed to develop a theoretical model of CT integration in the counseling context. Scholarly literature has described CT and reasons for its use, which can be linked to counseling through professional identity, the wellness model, and ethical practice. The results of this study indicate that experience, beliefs, competence, and practice are primary factors in the integration of CT in counseling. Implications of the results on the counseling profession will be detailed in terms of practice, training, and future research.

Keywords: Complementary Therapies Counselor Approaches Qualitative Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

130. Knudsen, N. J. (2007). Integrating EMDR and Bowen Theory in treating chronic relationship dysfunction. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp.169-186). Hoboken,. xxxiii, 470 pp.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
The concept of Chronic Relationship Dysfunction was developed by the author to describe the experience of those who are unable to find and maintain a healthy relationship with a mate and who feel considerable related emotional distress. The types of experiences that people with this problem typically present in a clinical setting include the inability to make any meaningful contact with an appropriate partner and making a series of poor choices so that no relationship lasts. Clients seeking treatment for relationship problems can be effectively treated using a Bowen family systems perspective (Bowen, 1978; Kerr & Bowen, 1988) as the theoretical backdrop for understanding the bigger relational context. In addition, the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model (Shapiro, 2001) can be used to understand the physiological link between critical early life experiences and current dysfunction. Together these theories provide a cohesive theoretical base and integrative treatment approach for use with clients with chronic relationship dysfunction. The AIP model and the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) approach address current symptoms such as chronic relationship dysfunction by allowing the individual to reprocess the old material, thus integrating it with current information. The treatment model described here utilizes the basic structure of the EMDR protocol with the clinical application of Bowen Theory at certain key times. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Bowen Theory Chronic Relationship Dysfunction Cognitive Processes Family Systems Theory Interpersonal Relationships Models

Accuracy Verified: Yes

131. Munnukka-Dahlqvist, M. (2004, June). Integrating EMDR in psychotherapy treating complex trauma in a client with previous long-term psychotherapies. In complex traumatisation and EMDR (K. Linder, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The goal of this paper is to examine one therapy process in order to explore what resources EMDR treatment can provide to complex traumatized clients with previous long-term therapies. How important is the role of mind/body connection? How could it be best observed and taken into consideration when deciding on therapeutic choices during difference phases in psychotherapy? This case raises also the following questions: When it is best to use EMDR? How do the therapist and client know when the client is ready for EMDR? How can clients learn to feel, become aware of their own bodies, observe their body sensations and label these observations? What is the importance of these skills before using EMDR? How do EMDR protocols work in this context?
Case: This client had been severely traumatized in childhood and also in adult life. She came to EMDR treatment with own question: “Have I ever been able to feel anything?” She had been in different psychotherapies, but her body was not ready for EMDR and she could not regulate emotions. She had good ego strength. This presentation shows how the therapy process progressed and it includes a therorectical discussion.
It is possible to integrate different kinds of therapies. Previous “traditional talking therapies” can give to the client the necessary ego strength, boundaries and make it easier to build a therapeutic relationship. Since trauma-related syndromes split the mind and body, it is necessary to address what occurs in the body, just as it is equally necessary to use words to make sense of and describe an experience. E

Keywords: Complex Trauma Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

132. Whisman, M., & Keller, M. (1999, June). Integrating EMDR in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn the model of understanding and educating the client about OCD; 2) gain an understanding of biological, cognitive, behavioral, and affective theoretical orientations as they apply to OCD; 3) learn the eight stages of treatment, modification of the standards model, cognitive interweave, and resource installation; 4) learn of the foundation of success of EMDR and OCD treatment, information processing, avoidance of emotions, and the development of self; 5) be able to define a successful treatment, therapeutic stance, similarities in processing to trauma processing; and 6) learn about fear, superstition, ridigity, and control within the family context.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Resource Installation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

133. Darker-Smith, S. (2008, June). Integrating emotion for attached-disordered and dissociated children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The accessibility of emotions in children with attachment disorders is known to be complex at best. This presentation looks at a new method of enabling children disassociating from emotions with severe attachment disorder and complex, traumatic histories to access emotions using the installation phase of EMDR. For teaching purposes, this presentation will use real-life cases of 4 attachment disordered children where none of the children were able to access emotions and were attachment disordered. The children were aged between 12 to 13 years of age and all had a diagnosis of attachment disorder, co-morbid with post traumatic stress disorder. Most of the children did not experience emotions directly. Using the installation phase of EMDR within the context of a one-to-one therapy session, each child was asked to focus on a particular emotion and focus on where in their body they experienced any feelings, which may be associated to that emotion. The children began to describe complex emotions, which they had never previously expressed, prior to this. An example of one childï¿½s experience follows: ï¿½I feel sad in my heart. It feels cold ï¿½ as if someone has smashed it into a thousand bitsï¿½ï¿½. Following on this, all the children were also encouraged to sit with their new emotions and not to be afraid of them. One child stated: ï¿½It feels good to be sad. When I cry ï¿½ that stops my heart hurting so much and the tears make the glue to fix my broken heart.ï¿½ So far, we have not experienced an unsuccessful outcome; however, this method is still in the early stages of being developed.

Keywords: Attachment Disorders Dissociation Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

134. Tobin, S. (2004, Spring). The integration of relational gestalt therapy and EMDR. International Gestalt Journal, 27(1), 55-82.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In this article I attempt to show how the integration of “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing” (EMDR) techniques within a relational gestalt therapy approach results in a more powerful method than either therapeutic method alone. I describe the steps in the EMDR standard protocol, as outlined by Francine Shapiro, the founder of EMDR. I briefly discuss what we now know about how trauma affects brain functioning and EMDR’s effectiveness in resolving ‘simple’ trauma. I then explain how EMDR, within the context of a relational gestalt approach, can help to resolve therapeutic impasses, enhance the working through process of therapy and trigger associations that neither therapists nor clients anticipate or predict.

Keywords: Brain Brain Functioning Emotional Trauma Gestalt Therapy Integrative Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

135. Woller, W. (2011, June). Integration von EMDR in tiefenpsychologische therapien [Integration of EMDR in deep psychological therapies]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: German

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Der Workshop beschäftigt sich mit Fragen der Integration von EMDR in ein psychodynamisches Therapiesetting. Zum einen kann EMDR sinnvoll mit psychodynamischer Therapie kombiniert werden, wenn bei komplexen posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen Symptome einer PTSD zusammen mit depressiven, dissoziativen, somatoformen und anderen Symptomen auftreten. Daneben finden sich verschiedene andere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von EMDR im Rahmen psychodynamischer Therapien, bspw. wenn dysfunktionale Erinnerungsnetzwerke die Wirkungsweise klarifizierender, konfrontierender und deutender Interventionen blockieren. Dies gilt für Anpassungsstörungen ebenso wie fixierte, aber verhaltenssteuernde negative Selbstkognitionen und für psychosomatisch abgewehrte implizite Emotionen im Rahmen somatoformer Störungen. Schließlich können ressourcenaktivierende Interventionen im Rahmen des EMDR den Aufbau von Ich-Funktionen bei Strukturpathologien unterstützen.

The workshop will focus on integration of EMDR in a psychodynamic therapy setting. First, EMDR can be usefully combined with psychodynamic therapy, which may arise in complex post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms of PTSD with depressive, dissociative, somatoform and other symptoms. In addition, various other applications of EMDR in related psychodynamic therapies, for example, if dysfunctional memory block the operation of networks klarifizierender, confrontational and interpretive interventions. This applies for adjustment disorders as well as fixed, but behavior-controlling negative self-cognitions and psychosomatic thwarted emotions implicit in the context of somatoform disorders. Finally, support resource-activating interventions of EMDR the development of ego functions in structural pathologies.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychodyamic Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

136. Wade, T., & Wade, D. (2001, January-April). Integrative psychotherapy: Combining ego-state therapy, clinical hypnosis, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in a psychosocial developmental context. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(3-4), 233-245. doi:10.1080/00029157.2001.10404279.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The principles of this conceptual framework are: (1) personality organization is dissociative as well as associative, consisting of ego states, and progresses through stages of psychosocial development; (2) inappropriately activated ego states cause dysfunction, which is habitual or due to the intense affect of disrupted development or unresolved grief or trauma; (3) completely overcoming dysfunction requires therapy with both individual ego states and the personality system; (4) clinical hypnosis provides techniques to enhance accessing ego states; and (5) EMDR combines ego-state therapy with eye movements (EMs) to produce a powerful psychotherapy method. During assessment, ego states responsible for dysfunctional emotional reactions and behavior are identified together with those that could be appropriate instead. Included in the treatment protocol, EMs and clinical hypnosis promote: (1) corrective developmental experiences; (2) resolution of grief and trauma; (3) acquisition of skills and abilities; (4) co-consciousness; and (5) negotiation among ego states. The outcome is an integrated “family of self” that has effectively overcome developmental crises, grief, and trauma, is aware of essential inner resources, and can consciously activate appropriate ego states. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Clinical Hypnosis Ego Ego-State Therapy Hypnotherapy Integrative Psychotherapy Review Multimodal Treatment Approach Psychosocial Development Psychosocial Developmental Context

Accuracy Verified: Yes

137. Wade, T., & Wade, D. (1996, June). Integrative psychotherapy: Combining ego-state therapy, clinical hypnosis, and EMDR in a psychosocial developmental context. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Conceptual framework: Ego state theory and therapy; Psychosocial development; EMDR; Clinical hypnosis; Integration; and Brief psychotherapy

Keywords: Clinical Hypnosis Ego State Therapy Integrative Psychotherapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

138. Snyder, M. (1996, December). Intimate partners: A context for the intensification and healing of emotional pain. Women and Therapy, 19(3), 79-92. doi:10.1300/J015v19n03_08.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A case of a lesbian couple is presented in which one partner experienced early sexual abuse and the other a series of major losses (beginning with the death of her mother) in early childhood. The first partner developed an alcohol addiction and the second a high level of emotional lability and some practices of self-harm. Both partners developed dissociative patterns. The couple is now in a committed relationship and have continued in therapy for the last 9 months, with sessions gradually becoming less frequent. The therapeutic work has included the "externalization" of the problem(s), some individual work within the couple session using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and a strong emphasis on the development of empathic skill through the technique of "becoming" the other person. The case reveals the way in which a primary relationship often surfaces intense unresolved feelings and dysfunctional relationship practices, and also the way in which emotional commitment and a structure for the couple becoming therapeutic agents to each other allows for a deep level of healing. The couple comments on their relationship process and the therapeutic process as part of the article. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Case Report Child Abuse Family Therapy Females Homosexuals Incest Interpersonal Interaction Psychiatric Disorders Rape Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

139. Lytle, R. A. (1993). An investigation of the efficacy of eye-movement desensitization in the treatment of cognitive intrusions related to memories of a past stressful event. Pennsylvania State University. AAT 9334778.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
A novel clinical technique, referred to as "eye-movement desensitization," has recently been reported to rapidly achieve significant reductions in the frequency and intensity of the two primary symptoms of PTSD; cognitive intrusions and the behavioral and emotional avoidance of trauma related fear cues. The current study was intended to provide an experimentally controlled replication of this procedure. The 45 students with the highest scores on a self-report questionnaire were selected for participation in the study and randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. These conditions included "eye-movement desensitization," "eye-fixation desensitization," and a non-directive control condition.Sessions One and Three consisted of pretest and posttest assessment respectively, administered by questionnaire and behavioral measures of cognitive intrusions relating to the reported trauma. Session Two, consisted of immediate pretest and posttest assessment of information regarding subjective discomfort, perceived validity of adaptive cognitions, and vividness of images related to the reported trauma. The results of this experiment indicated that treatment-related pretest to posttest change was limited to (a) a relative reduction in cognitive intrusions for the eye-fixation group compared to the other treatment conditions, and (b) initial superiority of both desensitization techniques in immediately reducing subject distress, vividness of the initial image (and for eye-fixation, improved validity of an adaptive cognition) in comparison to the non-directive condition. The latter condition, however, then achieved equivalent gains by one-week follow-up. It was concluded that: (a) the relative efficacy of the eye-movement desensitization technique, was not supported in this non-clinical population, (b) to the degree that the outcomes resulting from the two desensitization conditions were at variance from those of the more traditional non-directive technique, those differences appear to have been predominantly transient in character, and (c) the induction of saccadic eye-movements did not demonstrably function as an active component of treatment within this experimental context. It was additionally concluded that further research will be required to satisfactorily resolve the discrepant findings of experimentation and case reports regarding the efficacy of this technique. Specific suggestions for further research were presented. [Truncated Author Abstract] [Pilots]

Keywords: Biologic Markers College Students Intrusive Thoughts Negative Therapeutic Reaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Witnesses

Accuracy Verified: Yes

140. Knipe, J. (1998). It was a golden time...: Treating narcissistic vulnerability. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st ed.) (pp. 232-255), New York: Norton.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
This chapter focuses on EMDR-enhanced therapeutic protocols to treat individuals whose painful life experience is separated from consciousness by complex defensive structures, particularly those associated with narcissistic and avoidance defenses.In many of the clients I have worked with, the healing power of EMDR is prevented or impaired by unresolved positive feelings that block the client's full awareness of the negative experience associated with trauma. This can occur when the overall complex of posttraumatic images, self-defeating cognitions, unpleasant feelings and sensations (what Francine Shapiro calls the unprocessed "memory network") contains embedded strong positive affect that is highly valued by the client. In the case of a person with narcissistic defenses, the positive material may block awareness of negative memories, especially if the positive experience occurred in the larger context of trauma and neglect. In such instances the positive part of the experience is idealized through selective memory and strengthened in intensity, because it serves as a defense against the core PTSD. The negative part of the memory is partially or wholly dissociated and is thus less accessible to processing. [Adapted from Text, pp. 232, 233-234]

Keywords: Adults Americans Case Report Defense Mechanisms Life Experiences Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Self Concept Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

141. Lazzari, D. (2008, Novembre). L'EMDR in ottica PNEI (interazione corpo-mente) [EMDR in optical PNEI (interaction body-mind)]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In questi anni l’EMDR si è affermata come trattamento di evidenza nel più classico e più grave dei disturbi direttamente legati allo stress, cioè il PTSD (Bisson & Andrew, 2007) e sono stati evidenziati i suoi effetti sul SNC. Nonostante questo ed il suo progressivo impiego in una ampia varietà di situazioni sono ancora poche le riflessioni sull’EMDR dal punto di vista dell’integrazione mente-corpo, in particolare utilizzando i dati offerti dal campo di ricerca della PNEI. Nel presente lavoro ci soffermeremo su alcuni di questi aspetti per evidenziare come l’EMDR rappresenta una delle terapie più rispondenti alle nuove evidenze scientifiche ed alle esigenze di una scienza integrata della salute. Tre gli elementi salienti offerti dalla ricerca: 1. La vita ha plasmato nel percorso evolutivo strutture altamente integrate, descrivibili come sistemi complessi a rete in retroazione continua con il contesto. In particolare i sistemi nervoso, endocrino ed immunitario costituiscono nel network psicocorporeo un “super-sistema” di relazione e regolazione in grado di assicurare gli equilibri adattativi incorporando l’esperienza e gestendo la dinamica mantenimento-cambiamento (“regolazione allostatica”). Quindi l’organismo non è una macchina fatta di parti autonome tra loro assemblate, ma una realtà che parte dall’unità (zigote) e mantiene tale carattere unitario in tutte le sue articolazioni. 2. Lo stress non è qualcosa di per sé eccezionale e patologico, deve invece essere visto – all’opposto – come l’espressione di un insieme di processi (un sistema) che modulano la regolazione individuo-contesto a fini adattativi. In sostanza il sistema dello stress è sempre attivo e solo in situazioni di eccesso o di carenza (acute o croniche) produce effetti progressivamente dannosi per l’individuo. Le attività legate allo stress producono un “carico allostatico” (peso biologico, energetico) che – in relazione a fattori soggettivi ed esterni – può divenire “sovraccarico” innescando una catena di successive alterazioni nel funzionamento dell’organismo. Parallelamente vi è un “carico” ed un “sovraccarico psicologico” legati al primo da processi circolari. 3. Nel network corporeo e nel sistema dello stress, ovvero nei processi di regolazione generale interni e individuo-contesto, la mente svolge un ruolo cruciale di modulazione come dimensione nella quale i segnali (interni ed esterni) vengono trasformati in informazioni (assegnazione di significati) in base ai percorsi ed alle esigenze individuali di adattamento. La mente rappresenta così la più alta espressione dell’evoluzione della vita e delle sue strategie adattative e ciò spiega il suo ruolo rispetto al funzionamento complessivo dell’organismo. Le recenti acquisizioni delle neuroscienze hanno mostrato l’interdipendenza tra attività psichica, espressione genica e plasticità cerebrale che rende possibile il ruolo della mente. Il sovraccarico allostatico e psicologico legati allo stress dipendono in gran parte dall’attività mentale e costituiscono il principale fattore di rischio per la salute nelle società occidentali, antecedenti accertati delle patologie più diffuse. Se guardiamo a quanto detto sinora nell’ottica dello sviluppo individuale (fase intrauterina, processi di attaccamento, eventi significativi successivi) possiamo avere una idea di come mente, corpo e contesto interagiscono nella strutturazione dell’individuo ed il ruolo condizionante e de-strutturante delle situazioni e degli eventi che provocano una alterazione da stress. Le ricerche sul rapporto tra stress e sviluppo psicobiologico, tra modalità di attaccamento, strutturazione dei circuiti cerebrali, o tra queste e salute, confermano tali assunti (Lazzari, 2007). Venendo più da vicino all’EMDR, gli studi sulla psicobiologica del PTSD stanno mostrando che siamo di fronte sostanzialmente ad una manifestazione (particolarmente complessa ed accentuata) degli effetti dello stress sul network psicocorporeo (Iribarren et al., 2005). La ricerca sul PTSD (e gli altri disturbi da stress del DSM) deve incrociare necessariamente i filoni di studio sopra richiamati ed utilizzare la cornice concettuale che ne scaturisce. Gli effetti psicobiologici dello stress estremo e del trauma vanno inquadrati nell’ambito delle interazioni mente-corpo e della regolazione allostatica (carico vs sovraccarico allostatico). A nostro avviso, al di là degli specifici effetti sul SNC, l’EMDR si è mostrata efficace nel PTSD in relazione alla sua caratteristica generale di ricercare ed utilizzare come “target” non singoli aspetti di una esperienza, bensì l’esperienza nei suoi diversi aspetti: cognitivi, emotivi, fisiologici e relazionali. Il lavoro dell’EMR va a recuperare una integrazione perduta e lavora su questa. Si deve tenere presente infatti che, in via generale e preminente, lo stress compromette i livelli di integrazione, coerenza e flessibilità del sistema: lo stress cronico per processi progressivi di disregolazione, quello acuto per “rotture”, blocchi e sconnessioni. Pertanto l’elaborazione dell’informazione (e delle conseguenze) legata ad eventi e situazioni stressanti passa attraverso una re-integrazione di tutti gli aspetti psicobiologici correlati per giungere ad una ristrutturazione. Il livello di “penetrazione” (efficacia) di un approccio terapeutico è molto legato alla sua omogeneità con la realtà su cui interviene,cioè al fatto di parlare lo stesso linguaggio. E questo è un punto di forza notevole per l’EMDR. I dati disponibili sono coerenti con quanto enunciato: l’EMDR modifica i parametri fisiologici riducendo ed annullando l’attivazione da stress, spostando la bilancia dall’inibizione simpatica all’attivazione parasimpatica (Sack et al. 2007) e risulta associata l’abbassamento dell’arousal fisiologico, cioè con pattern di attività regolari e trofiche (Sack et al. 2008), mostrando similarità con quanto accade durante il sonno REM (Elofsson et al., 2008). L’EMDR incide altresì su disturbi fisici legati al sistema dello stress, come ad esempio hanno mostrato ricerche su patologie dermatologiche (Gupta, 2002).

In recent years, EMDR has established itself as the treatment of evidence in the most classical and most serious of disorders directly related to stress, that is, PTSD (Bisson & Andrew, 2007) and were highlighted its effects on the CNS. Despite this and its progressive use in a wide variety of situations are still few reflections from the perspective sull'EMDR mind-body integration, in particular using data provided by the search of PNEI. In this work we will focus on some of these issues to highlight how EMDR is one of the therapies are more responsive to new scientific evidence and the needs of an integrated science of health. Three main elements of research are: 1. Life has shaped the evolutionary highly integrated structures, we describe how systems complex feedback network continues with the context. In particular, the nervous, endocrine immune network and provide psycho in a "super-system" of relationship and adjustment able to ensure the balance incorporating adaptive expertise and managing the dynamic maintenance-change ( "regulation allostatica"). Then the body is a machine made of autonomous parts, assembled together, but a reality that leaves the unit (zygote) and maintains that unitary in all its joints. 2. Stress is not something in itself exceptional and pathological, but must be seen - in contrast -- as the expression of a set of processes (a system) that modulate the individual-regulation framework for adaptive. In essence, the system of stress is always on and only in situations of excess or deficiency (acute or chronic) effects progressively damaging to the individual. The Stress-related activity produces a "load allostatico" (weight biological energy) that -- relation to subjective factors and external - can become "overloaded" by triggering a chain of subsequent alterations in the functioning of the organism. In parallel there is a "load" and a "Overload psychological" processes related to the first round. 3. In the network system and body of stress, or in the process of setting general internal and individual-context, the mind plays a crucial role as a dimension of modulation in which signals (internal and external) are transformed into information (assigning meanings) depending on the paths and individual needs of adaptation. The mind is so the highest expression of the evolution of life and its adaptive strategies, which explains its role in relation to the overall functioning of the organism. The recent acquisitions of neuroscience have shown the interdependence of psychic activity, gene expression and plasticity brain that makes the role of the mind. Overload allostatico and psychological stress-related depend in large part by activism mental and constitute the main risk factor for health in Western societies, antecedents established disease spreading. If we look to the foregoing view of personal development (stage intrauterine attachment process, significant events later) we can have an idea of how mind, body and environment interact in the structuring the individual and the role conditioning and de-structuring of situations and events that cause an alteration by stress. Research on the relationship between stress and psychobiological development, including mode of attachment, structure of brain circuits, or between them and health, confirmation of these given (Lazzari, 2007). Coming closer all'EMDR, psychobiological studies of PTSD are showing that we are dealing essentially an event (especially complex and pronounced) the effects of stress on the network psycho (Iribarren et al., 2005). Research on PTSD (and other stress disorders DSM) must necessarily cross the strands study mentioned above and use the conceptual framework that arises. Psychobiological effects of extreme stress and trauma should be classified within mind-body interactions and regulation allostatica (load vs. overload allostatico). In our view, beyond the specific effects on the CNS, EMDR has been shown effective in PTSD in connection with his characteristic broad research and use as a "target" rather than individual aspects of an experience, but experience in its different aspects: cognitive, emotional, physiological and relational. Work dell'EMR goes to retrieve a lost and working on this integration. It should be remembered that, in general, and prominent, stress affects the levels of integration, consistency and flexibility of the system: chronic stress for progressive process of dysregulation, the acute "broken", blocks and disconnections. Therefore processing information (and consequences) related to events and stressful situations through a re-integration of all aspects related to psychobiological reach a restructuring. The level of "penetration" (effectiveness) of a therapeutic approach is very attached to his homogeneity with the reality on which it operates, namely the fact of speaking the same language. And this is a great asset for EMDR. The available data are consistent with the statement: EMDR change physiological parameters reducing and canceling the activation by stress, shifting the balance from the inhibition nice parasympathetic activation (Sack et al. 2007) and is associated with lowering dell'arousal physiological, ie regular patterns of activity and trophic (Sack et al. 2008), showing similarities with what happens during REM sleep (Elofsson et al., 2008). EMDR also impacts on physical ailments related to the system of stress, such as have Show searches on dermatological (Gupta, 2002).

Keywords: Body-Mind Interaction PNEI

Accuracy Verified: Yes

142. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Luber, M. (2012). Le protocole EMDR pour les incidents critiques récents: Application à un contexte de continuum de soins en santé mentale après une catastrophe [The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Application in a disaster mental health continuum of care context]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), E12-E25. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.E12.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cette étude de terrain randomisée et contrôlée a été réalisée après un séisme de 7,2 en Basse-Californie au Mexique. Le traitement a été offert selon les principes du continuum de soins. Un briefing de gestion de crise a été proposé à 53 individus Ensuite, les 18 individus qui avaient obtenu des scores élevés sur l’échelle IES (Impact of Event Scale : échelle d’impact des événements) ont bénéficié du protocole EMDR pour les incidents critiques récents (EMDR-PRECI: EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Events), un protocole EMDR modifié à séance unique qui a été élaboré pour le traitement des traumatismes récents. Les participants ont été assignés de manière aléatoire à deux groupes : le groupe de traitement immédiat et le groupe de de traitement retardé/liste d’attente. Il n’y a pas eu d’amélioration dans le groupe de liste d’attente ; les scores des participants du groupe de traitement immédiat se sont significativement améliorés en comparaison avec les participants du groupe de liste d’attente. Une séance de EMDR-PRECI a produit une amélioration significative des symptômes de stress post-traumatique tant pour le groupe de traitement immédiat que pour le groupe de traitement retardé/de liste d’attente, avec des résultats maintenus lors du suivi après 12 semaines, alors que des séismes d’après-choc effrayants continuaient à survenir fréquemment. Cette étude apporte des preuves préliminaires en faveur de l’efficacité de ce protocole dans un contexte de continuum de soins en santé mentale après une catastrophe. Des études contrôlées supplémentaires sont souhaitées afin d’approfondir l’évaluation de l’efficacité de cette intervention.

This randomized, controlled group field study was conducted subsequent to a 7.2 earthquake in North Baja California, Mexico. Treatment was provided according to continuum of care principles. Crisis management debriefing was provided to 53 individuals. After this, the 18 individuals who had high scores on the Impact of Event Scale (IES) were then provided with the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents (EMDR-PRECI), a single-session modified EMDR protocol for the treatment of recent trauma. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: immediate treatment group and waitlist/delayed treatment group. There was no improvement in the waitlist/ delayed treatment group, and scores of the immediate treatment group participants were significantly improved, compared with waitlist/delayed treatment group paticipants. One session of EMDR-PRECI produced significant improvement on symptoms of posttraumatic stress for both the immediate-treatment and waitlist/delayed treatment groups, with results maintained at 12-week follow-up, even though frightening aftershocks continued to occur frequently. This study provides preliminary evidence in support of the protocol's efficacy in a disaster mental health continuum of care context. More controlled research is recommended to evaluate further the efficacy of this intervention.

Keywords: Critical Incidents Disaster Mental Health Early EMDR Intervention Natural Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Recent Events

Accuracy Verified: Yes

143. Lombardo, M. (2013). Ligne du temps des cibles EMDR [EMDR target timeline]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 44E-54E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.E44.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Cette section de questions & réponses cliniques répond à une question relative à l’organisation des informations historiques d’un patient en une séquence de ciblage au sein d’un plan de traitement en accord avec le protocole à trois volets de Shapiro (2001). Les procédures d’identification et d’établissement de priorités des cibles d’EMDR sont revues dans le contexte du modèle théorique de Shapiro et différents modèles de ligne du temps sont résumés. L’auteur présente ensuite sa ligne du temps des cibles EMDR, un outil visuel simple et pratique permettant de documenter les aspects passés, présents et futurs du problème présenté. Elle permet au thérapeute de noter si les expériences perturbantes passées peuvent s’organiser autour d’un thème central, tel que des cognitions négatives, des symptômes physiques ou des situations, des personnes ou des circonstances. Trois cas cliniques sont proposés pour illustrer l’application de l’outil à divers types de cibles de traitement.

This Clinical Q&A section responds to a question about organizing a client's historical information into a targeting sequence within a treatment plan that is consistent with Shapiro's (2001) three-pronged protocol. The procedures for identifying and prioritizing treatment eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) targets are reviewed in the context of Shapiro's theoretical model, and various time line models are summarized. The author then presents her EMDR Target Time Line, which provides a practical simple visual tool for documenting past, present, and future aspects of the presenting problem. It allows the therapist to note if disturbing past experiences present around a core theme, such as negative cognitions, physical symptoms, or situations/persons/circumstances. Three clinical cases are used to illustrate the form's application with various types of treatment targets.

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP: Clinical Application Core Theme Time Line Treatment Target

Accuracy Verified: No

144. Cohen, A. (2012, May). A long-term grief counseling group for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA. 1514521.

Language: English

Format: Dissertation/Thesis

Abstract:
The purpose of this project was to propose a long-term, theoretically sound and research supported person-centered grief counseling group for adult women who were sexually abused as children. A review of the literature indicated that child abuse survivors can benefit from supportive group counseling; sharing a context of common experience seems to aid in their healing process. The proposed program recognizes the need to provide women who were abused with a trusting, social environment that helps to remove the secrecy and isolation, decrease the feelings of shame and self-blame, and increase self-esteem and self-worth. The integration of a nondirective approach with grief counseling creates a more comprehensive approach in which to support the development of social skills and healthy and trusting relationships. The group is structured for survivors to share their experiences, heal from their traumas, and find the tools to move forward into happier, healthier, and better functioning lives.

Keywords: Adult Survivors Childhood Sexual Abuse Person-Centered Group Counseling

Accuracy Verified: Yes

145. Giannantonio, M. (2001, Ottobre). L’eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (E.M.D.R.) negli adulti e adolescenti abusati sessualmente in età infantile [The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in adults and adolescents sexually abused in childhood]. Congresso AIAMC, Palermo, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
L’Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) nasce come interevento elettivo nella terapia del Disturbo Post-traumatico da Stress (PTSD) e, in particolar modo nelle fasi iniziali del suo consolidamento clinico e teoretico, ha calibrato il proprio protocollo di intervento standard sul PTSD generato da combattimenti bellici, catastrofi naturali e provocate dall’uomo. L’abuso sessuale, soprattutto se avvenuto nell’infanzia, in modo prolungato ed all’interno di un contesto familiare (ovvero il tipo di abuso sessuale sul quale concentrerò ora la mia attenzione), è un tipo di evento traumatico che può presentare caratteristiche peculiari: elementi dissociativi da marcati ad assenti, alterazioni mnestiche e codifiche mnestiche statodipendenti, massicci meccanismi di repressione operanti anche per decenni, condizionamento negativo dell’evoluzione del sistema comportamentale dell’attaccamento, presenza di memorie somatiche di difficile gestione da parte del paziente, disturbi sessuali, difficoltà nell’instaurazione e nel mantenimento della relazione terapeutica. L’abuso sessuale intrafamiliare si accompagna abitualmente alla trascuratezza emotiva ed alla violenza psicologica, in alcuni casi anche a quella fisica. Di fronte ad un quadro 2 clinico così complesso (laddove la presenza di PTSD è semplicemente uno dei possibili esiti psicopatologici, e con ogni probabilità non il più frequente), l’intervento con l’EMDR richiede modificazioni rispetto al protocollo standard di intervento per il PTSD ma, soprattutto, l'inserimento all'interno di un intervento clinico di respiro decisamente più ampio rispetto all’impiego di algoritmi terapeutici ridotti all’essenziale. Il sottoscritto ritiene che, al momento attuale, lo studio più approfondito sull’argomento sia una pubblicazione di Laurel Parnell del 1999. Personalmente, ed in modo concorde con quest’ultimo autore, ho verificato la notevole efficacia nell’operare con l'EMDR - anche molto direttivamente - sulla storia di attaccamento del paziente al fine di colmarne le falle evolutive o eliminare gli ostacoli per il conseguimento di questo fondamentale obiettivo terapeutico.

The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is born as interevento elective in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and, especially in the early stages of its consolidation clinical and theoretical, has calibrated their intervention protocols for the standard PTSD generated by fighting wars, natural disasters and caused man. Sexual abuse, especially if done in childhood, so Prolonged and within a family context (ie the type of abuse which focus on sex now my attention) is a type of event trauma that may have special characteristics: elements dissociative to be marked absent, changes in mnemonic and mnemonic encodings statodipendenti, massive repression mechanisms operating for decades negative evolution of behavioral conditioning system attachment, presence of somatic memories of unmanageable the patient's sexual problems, difficulty in establishing and maintaining the therapeutic relationship. Sexual abuse is intrafamilial usually accompanies the emotional neglect and violence psychological, in some cases to physical. Faced with a framework 2 clinical as complex (where the presence of PTSD is simply a possible outcomes of psychopathology, and probably not the most frequent), intervention with EMDR requires changes compared to standard protocol of intervention for PTSD but, more importantly, the inclusion within a clinical intervention to breath much larger than use of therapeutic algorithms reduced to essentials. My opinion that, at present, more thorough study on the subject is a Published by Laurel Parnell in 1999. Personally, and so agreed with this page, I checked the remarkable effectiveness in working with EMDR - very directly - on the history of attachment of the patient in order to bridge the evolutionary gaps or eliminate obstacles to achieving this important therapeutic target.

Keywords: Adolescents Adults Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sexual Abuse

Accuracy Verified: Yes

146. Russell, M. (2008, September). Meeting military mental health needs in the 21st century and beyond: A critical analysis of the effects of dualism, disparity and scientific bias. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Since 2001, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have caused considerable strain on military medicine to effectively manage the large and growing mental health demand from deployed personnel. Current trends, initiatives and on-going barriers in meeting war-related mental health needs for this and future war generations as reported by military officials, including the 2007 Department of Defense’s (DoD) Task Force on Mental Health, is reviewed including training of providers, access to high quality mental health assessment and treatments and research innovations. Lastly, a model for a 21st century modern military mental health care system is proposed within the context of historical and present-day analysis of the cyclical impact of dualistic approaches toward mental and physical health and consequent effects of mental health stigma and disparity. Authors’ note: The findings and opinions expressed are the authors’ alone and are not intended to represent the views of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Keywords: Military

Accuracy Verified: Yes

147. Lee, C. W., & Cuijpers, P. (2012, November). A meta-analysis of the contribution of eye movements in processing emotional memories. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experiential Psychiatry, 44(2), 231-239. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.11.001.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background and Objectives: Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is now considered evidence based practice in the treatment of trauma symptoms. Yet in a previous meta-analysis, no significant effect was found for the eye movement component. However methodological issues with this study may have resulted in a type II error. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine current published studies to test whether eye movements significantly affect the processing of distressing memories. Method: A systematic review of the literature revealed two groups of studies. The first group comprised 15 clinical trials and compared the effects of EMDR therapy with eye movements to those of EMDR without the eye movements. The second group comprised 11 laboratory trials that investigated the effects of eye movements while thinking of a distressing memory versus the same procedure without the eye movements in a non-therapy context. The total number of participants was 849. Results: The effect size for the additive effect of eye movements in EMDR treatment studies was moderate and significant (Cohen's d = 0.41). For the second group of laboratory studies the effect size was large and significant (d = 0.74). The strongest effect size difference was for vividness measures in the non-therapy studies (d = 0.91). The data indicated that treatment fidelity acted as a moderator variable on the effect of eye movements in the therapy studies. Conclusions: Results were discussed in terms of current theories that suggest the processes involved in EMDR are different from other exposure based therapies.

Keywords: Meta-Analysis Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

148. Corrigan, F. (2002). Mindfullness, dissociation, EMDR and the anterior cingulate cortex: A hypothesis. Contemporary Hypnosis, 19(1), 8-17. doi:10.1002/ch.235.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Hypotheses on the neurobiology of a mindfulness-dissociation continuum are presented. Crucial to the hypotheses are the observations of a reciprocal interaction between the cognitive and affective subdivisions of the anterior cingulate cortex and the unilateral activation of right anterior cingulate in hypnotic dissociation and in post-traumatic syndromes. It is proposed that the unilateral activation can cause a loss of the reciprocal relationship between the subdivisions and that in the case of peri-traumatic dissociation the subsequent syndrome responds to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) through restoration of the bilateral activation and reinstatement of the reciprocal relationship between the subdivisions. Bilateral activation of the cognitive subdivisions is proposed to underlie the attentional state of concentration mindfulness in which affect is well regulated. Copyright © 2002 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis

Keywords: Anterior Cingulate Cortex Bilateral Activation Dissociation Emotional Trauma Gyrus Cinguli Hypnosis Hypnotic Dissociation Mindfulness Posttraumatic Syndromes Reciprocal Interaction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

149. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Mindfulness meditation to enable attenuation on imagined exposure in PTSD - A single case study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Mindfulness mediation (based on Buddhist meditative techniques) has previously been advocated for depression relapse prevention and chronic pain reduction in former research trials (Teasdale; Kabat-zinn, etc.). Because the practice of mindfulness relates to body scans and focusing attention upon the body, it has been advised that it may cause problems in using such a method for sexual abuse and rape survivors, although no research appears to have been carried out in this area. In a single case study of child-sexual-abuse adult survivor who frequently dissociated and experienced “flashbacks” during clinical sessions, the methods of Mindfulness Mediation were introduced to her, in an attempt to keep an awareness of her surroundings whilst doing imagined exposure in for PDSD (post duress stress disorder). From dissociative phases, flashbacks and cognitive avoidance of stimuli, the client became able to focus on the traumatic information being presented and to emotionally relate and process trauma memories, which previously she had been unable to do. Her ability to attenuate upon traumatic information was increased, habituation was easier from a clinical perspective, her anxiety levels decreased (BAI) and her depression levels eased (BDI). (N.B. The client’s improved anxiety and depression scores may have been due to Mindfulness Mediation practices or to the processing of highly emotive information).
Conclusion: Mindfulness Meditation can be a useful adjunct to trauma processing when imagined exposure is being implemented for PTSD/PDSD for processing of un-integrated traumatic information, where dissociation, cognitive avoidance or flashbacks occur within the context of treatment, creating a barrier to habituation from traumatic information. [Two statistical charts which accompanied this abstract in the Conference Program entry have not been included here.]

Keywords: Attenuation Case Study Imagined Exposure Mindfulness Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

150. Adler, S. P., & Heber, R. (2002, June). Multimodal approach to trauma with cross-cultural context. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Working with trauma, therapists must be aware of different community fabrics, support systems, cultural metaphors, and belief systems that may be different from their own. Participants will be able to identify Why, How and When combinations of modalities, including EMDR can be tailored for maximum effectiveness to specific populations. Illustrations include Latin American, European and American populations living with trauma as a result of terrorism. Additional vulnerabilities of the therapist who share past trauma histories or work in the same current environment under the threat of terrorism will be addressed.

Keywords: Cross-Cultural Context

Accuracy Verified: Yes

151. Amendolia, R. D. (1998). A narrative constructivist perspective of treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders with Ericksonian hypnosis and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Trauma Response, 13-14.

Language: English

Format: Magazine

Abstract:
In a trauma survivor, physiological responses are exacerbated when the affect-laden memories stored in associative networks are triggered by environmental sensory inputs or cues and activate the autonomic nervous system. Recovery from trauma involves not only amelioration of physiological and dissociative symptoms, but also the cognitive rebuilding of a viable assumptive world view which integrates the realms of vulnerability, meaning and self-esteem. This world view is contextualized in cultural idioms and values. From an Ericksonian perspective, persons are usually attempting to problem-solve, even in a dissociative date. A symptom such as an intrusive recollection or recurrent dream of a traumatic event is therefore construed as a request for help in problem-solving. Hypnosis is a structured dissociation which facilitates cognitive flexibility; that is, the broadening of choices of the client' s belief system, rather than direct work on changing affect or behaviors. The goal of Ericksonian hypnosis is to recontextualize the traumatic memory, the affect of fear, and the physiological hyperarousal cued by the traumatic memory. This occurs within a broader context of pride, mastery and courage, and within a context inclusive of other memories and affects, which are positive for the client. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), similarly has as its goal the facilitation of a transfer of traumatic data from the cortical right hemisphere to the left hemisphere. EMDR also utilizes the attainment of a state of heightened awareness, or collaborative structured dissociation, in order to facilitate the orientation of the traumatized client's conscious mind toward "revisiting" traumatic memories. Both interventions can facilitate the self-narrative reconstruction process of trauma survivors by simultaneously modulating the person's hyperarousal while attending to the culturally significant metaphors which form the building blocks of a person' s world of meanings. [AAETS]

Keywords: Eriksonian Hypnosis Narrative Constructionist

Accuracy Verified: Yes

152. Krom, M. (2012, Novembro). A origem das crenças em sua relação direta com os mitos pessoais e familiares [The origin of the belief in its direct relationship with personal myths and family]. In EMDR e visão sistêmica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Diante da importância das crenças e resistências que se apresentam frente às mudanças que se fazem necessárias, encontram-se as crenças pessoais de profundas raízes psíquicas que necessitam ser trabalhadas. Que podem ser mais bem compreendidas, quando podemos aprofundar o olhar através das experiências de vida, e, estendê-lo ao contexto cultural e familiar de onde se originaram. Esta perspectiva pretende colaborar para identificar as várias crenças que se associam e se assemelham, fortalecendo-se mutuamente tanto nos aspectos nocivos e desorganizadores, como nos positivos e organizadores que atuam poderosamente na vida das pessoas. Pode-se oferecer também uma vivência aos participantes, de encontro com alguns elementos de seus mitos e de suas crenças pessoais.

Given the importance of beliefs and resistances that arise before the changes that are necessary, are the personal beliefs of deep psychic roots that need to be worked on. What can be better understood when we look deeper through the experiences of life, and extend it to family and cultural context from which they came. This approach intends to collaborate to identify the various beliefs that associate and resemble, strengthening one another in ways both harmful and disruptive, as well as positive and organizers who work powerfully in people's lives. You can also offer an experience for participants, meeting with some elements of their myths and their personal beliefs.

Keywords: Beliefs Myths Origin

Accuracy Verified: Yes

153. Richard, D. (2005, November). Outlining the effectiveness of prolonged exposure treatment. Poster presented at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, ON.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Prolonged exposure (PE) is an empirically validated treatment for PTSD. However, there remain issues surrounding the optimal length of exposure sessions, the efficacy of prolonged exposure vis-a-vis other behavioral (Foa et al., 1999), cognitive (Resick et al., 2002), cognitive-behavioral (Feske & Chambless, 1995), and EMDR (Ironson et al., 2002) interventions, whether patterns of symptom change differ between PE and cognitive treatments (Nishith, et al., 2002), and those variables that predict significant amounts of variance in treatment outcome (Tarrier, Sommerfield, Pilgrim, & Faragher, 2000). In this presentation, I will discuss the theoretical basis of prolonged exposure therapy, review the comparative outcome literature surrounding prolonged exposure, and summarize empirical research findings with regard to its efficacy and optimal use. Mechanisms of action involved in PE will be discussed with an emphasis on providing a context for the subsequent papers in the Poster.

Keywords: Poster Prolonged Exposure

Accuracy Verified: Yes

154. Farrell, D., & Keenan, P. (2007, June). Participant's experiences of EMDR training within the UK and Ireland. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This study investigated the experiences of several hundreds of participants who had undertaken EMDR training in the United Kingdom and Ireland over the last ten years. The research group was drawn from both the membership of the EMDR UK and I Approved Commercial Training. The research ascertained participant’s core profession, main psychological treatment orientation, present utilization of EMDR within current clinical practice, number of clients treated, types of referral issues, average number of sessions, and provision for clinical supervision. Participants were then asked to provide feedback as to their views on their EMDR training experience. Results demonstrated a significant proportion of practitioners integrated EMDR with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy more than any other paradigm. EMDR trainings were criticised in areas which included participant involvement, post training, professional development, and systems of assessment of knowledge and application of EMDR. The findings suggest a need to develop competency based curriculum training in EMDR. Arguments will be presented to support the need to teach EMDR within a wider clinical context.

Keywords: Ireland Training Treatment UK United Kingdom

Accuracy Verified: Yes

155. Farrell, D. (2007, September). Participants Experiences of undertaking EMDR Training in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The study investigated the experiences of several hundred participants who had undertaken EMDR training in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The research group was drawn from the membership of the EMDR UK & I Association and those who had undertaken approved commercial EMDR training. Research participants provided information surrounding their use and context of using EMDR and provided qualitative feedback of their EMDR training experience. However, EMDR trainings were criticized in several areas. The findings suggest an argument to develop competency based curriculum training in EMDR within a wider clinical context.

Keywords: Ireland United Kingdom

Accuracy Verified: Yes

156. Radke, M. (2002, June). A perfect complement: EMDR and internal family systems. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR and the Internal Family System (IFS) model share a common treatment approach and their integration significantly increases the effectiveness of both. The workshop will provide a brief overview of the central IFS components. It will then demonstrate how IFS "parts" work can facilitate developing target events and memories, cognitions, feelings, and sensations, plus assist with reducing client resistance and looping. The IFS idea of "self leadership" will give a new context for "resource installation" and "cognitive interweave." A case example of abandonment by self or family will show how IFS enhances the timing and content of EMDR protocol.

Keywords: IFS Internal Family Systems

Accuracy Verified: Yes

157. Blore, D. (2012, June). Plasticity of meaning: A proposed AIP theory of extension to explain the totality of psychological change in EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract: This poster acts as additional material to the presentation at this conference on the same topic. The proposal for an extension to Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) (Shapiro 1995, 2001) is derived from the author’s doctoral thesis (Blore 2012a) – a phenomenological study of positive psychological changes experienced by survivors of road traffi c accidents in the post Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment context. It is argued that AIP does not fully account for the totality of psychological change following EMDR, partly due to lack of knowledge and partly because of the emphasis on explaining the reduction of negative psychological change (rNPC). The main presentation expands on this reasoning, whilst this poster focuses on the proposed theory extension a: ‘Plasticity of Meaning’ (PoM). To illustrate this theory extension, three examples of fi gurative language use (FLU) obtained during interviews with participants are subjected to microtextual analyses (see Smith 2004, p51). It is argued that FLU is a phenomenological (i.e. observable) event that suggests a ‘trading of words’ in turn suggesting neurological networks connecting – a central tenet of AIP. The phrase ‘PoM’ has been coined because of hypothesised similarities to Frey & Morris’ (1997) synaptic plasticity and Cahill & McGaugh’s (1998) reconsolidation of memory theory.

Keywords: Neurobiology Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

158. Farrell, D. P. (2004, September). Political elements of PTSD within former Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Police Officers and its implications for effective psychological treatment. Presentation at the 34th annual Conference of the European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology(UMIST), Manchester, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This paper will explore some of the limitations of the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Framework in accounting for the myriad of psychological symptoms encountered by former Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) within the Northern Ireland Province. Several case studies of ex RUC police will be used to highlight not only the legacy of multiple trauma experiences, but also multiple re-traumatisation by both the RUC as an organisation and its individual membership. Within the context of the war in Northern Ireland, Catholic RUC officers in particular experienced discrimination that often maximised their exposure to additional traumas. This indicates a potential political dimension to our conventional understanding of PTSD, which therefore has subsequent psychological treatment implications. The Police Rehabilitation and Retraining Trust (PRRT) in Belfast offers a psychological therapy services for retired, retiring and/ or medically discharged police officers. Predominant treatment involves a combination of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and that of Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR). However, because of the ongoing security issues in Northern Ireland, particularly for this client group, there are several limitations within treatment approaches particularly regarding the utilisation of exposure in vivo. In addition this client group is often ostracised by both communities further reinforcing isolationism and social exclusion.

Keywords: Politics Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Police Officers Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

159. Klaff, F. (2002, June). Portrait of a family: Fitting EMDR to the family and child. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
What is particularly unique is that this presenter has documented verbatim scripts and filmed sessions of two families over a time span covering 8 years. It is possible from this data to track recurring themes and issues and demonstrate how EMDR was helpful to the recipients over time. Presented are practical and creative ways of incorporating parents into treatment and viewing the treatment of the child in a broad context. It demonstrates how to make actual systemic maneuvers during an EMDR session, how to work with the individual on systemic family issues and how to follow up EMDR sessions with further family work.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

160. Winkel, F. W. (2007, October 17). Post traumatic anger: Missing link in the wheel of misfortune. Lecture delivered on the official acceptance of the INTERVICT office of professor of Psychological Victimology at Tilburg University, Netherlands.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
Psychological victimology concerns crime victims in need of emotional support. Sources of support include significant others1, victim assistance volunteers, and mental health professionals. In the wider victimological context, victim needs spark controversy and are subject of a seemingly endless and recurring debate (Ten Boom & Kuijpers, 2007). The issue who is in need has a rather straightforward answer: victims with chronic post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are in need of emotional treatment, and victims at risk of this condition are in need of preventive counseling. The more controversial issue here is why these needs develop, and what constitutes a helpful and effectual response.

Keywords: Anger Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

161. Gregoire, A. (2008, Mai). Pourquoi, quand et comment intégrer l’EMDR dans le processus thérapeutique [Why, when, and how to integrate EMDR in the therapeutic process]. Présentation à la Conférence EMDR Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Language: French

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Cette présentation explore les contributions spécifiques d’EMDR en tant que modèle d’analyse et de compréhension de la psychopathologie et en tant que technique thérapeutique. Quelles situations cliniques sont propices pour introduire l’EMDR, que le modèle soit intégré à l’intérieur du processus thérapeutique, ou encore, introduit par le biais d’une référence à un thérapeute EMDR pour une série de sessions ? Pourquoi introduire l’EMDR dans un processus thérapeutique? À quel moment l’EMDR est-il le plus approprié en tant que modèle ou comme technique? Enfin, quelle est la meilleure façon d’entreprendre un processus EMDR et quels sont les éléments cliniques pouvant servir de déclencheurs ou de préambule au protocole EMDR?

This presentation will explore the specific contributions of EMDR as model of analysis, interpretation of psychopathology and psychotherapeutic techniques within the context of the psychotherapy relationship. What are the clinical situations in which EMDR can best be introduced either as integrated in the psychotherapy process or as we have observed, as involving a referral to an EMDR therapist for a series of sessions. Why introduce EMDR into the psychotherapy process?, When is an EMDR intervention most appropriate for its optimal use as model and as technique?, and How can an EMDR process best be introduced? and what are the clinical issues which can be used as triggers and as preamble to the EMDR protocol?

Keywords: Psychotherapeutic Orientation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

162. Guettler, K. (2004, June). A preverbal trauma mastered by dynamic psycho-therapy and EMDR. In psychodynamics and EMDR (B. Lilieblad, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
A special variety of dynamic therapy is presented which was successfully combined with EMDR. A new diagnostic category is tentatively proposed. A man in his twenties, successful in studies and in political and welfare organizations, managed his life by intellectual consideration but with hardly any emotional assessment being at a loss when confronted with demands for a personal stand. He disliked his lack of integrity and indecision which he liberated himself from during the initial three years of therapy in so far as friends and societies were concerned. However, all his intimate relations kept breaking up. He could not account for why and in this context he appeared to be alexithym. When the partner left him it was a total surprise to him, he got very upset in a diffuse way and quite bewildered. At some occasions he got regressive spells of yelling, crying and struggling. They seemed to be flashbacks and not a hysterical acting out. As a trauma might be an etiological factor I proposed EMDR and he accepted to try it. During four EMDR-sessions memories with intense emotional involvement appeared. Altogether the material made me venture a construction of him as a baby yelling and kicking in desperate need for a mother who kept being absent. Shortly afterwards he entered a relation that was satisfying to both him and his partner. The therapy was terminated. In a follow up two years later the relation was still good and he told me that the construction had made him grasp his life-history. A prerequisite for the EMDR-sessions and their effect was the three years of psychotherapy with the focusing of his central problem, but the liberation from this problem could not have been reached without EMDR -at least not in such a short time.

Keywords: Preverbal Trauma Primary Repression Repetition-Compulsion Symposium Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

163. Tarquinio. C., Brennstuhl, M. J., Reichenbach, S., Rydberg, J. A., & Tarquinio, P. (2012, July-September). Prise en charge précoce de victimes de viols et présentation d’un protocole d’urgence de thérapie EMDR [Early treatment of rape victims: Presentation of an emergency EMDR protocol]. Sexologies, 21(3), 147-156 doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2011.11.013.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L’objectif de cette contribution sera de tester l’efficacité d’une nouvelle forme de prise en charge précoce des conséquences de viol. Issue d’une intégration de plusieurs protocoles EMDR d’urgence comme le R-TEP (Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol) de Shapiro (2009), et Modifed Abridged EMDR Protocol de Kutz, Risnik et Dekel (2008), et inspiré par la pratique du débriefing psychologique nous avons pris en charge sur la base d’une seule séance 17 femmes victimes de viols et prises en charge dans les 24 à 78h après leur agression. Suivies après 4 semaines, puis après 6 mois, nous avons mesuré les effets de ce suivi psychologique sur la symptomatologie post-traumatique, la détresse psychologique, ainsi que sur certains indicateurs de la sexualité de ces femmes victimes, en référence à leur sexualité antérieure. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’en une séance on assiste à une réduction intéressante des différentes mesures qui se révèle stable 4 semaines et 6 mois après la prise en charge, de la même manière que la sexualité semble réinvesti par les victimes. Si ce type d’intervention d’urgence ne se substitue en rien à une psychothérapie plus approfondie, sa contribution et sa pertinence dans le cadre d’une prise en charge immédiate ouvre des perspectives intéressantes pour la prise en charge des victimes d’agressions sexuelles.

The aim of this contribution is to test the effectiveness of a new form of early management of the consequences of rape. After an integration of several protocols EMDR emergency such as R-PET (Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol) Shapiro (2009), and modifed Abridged EMDR Protocol of Kutz, Risnik and Dekel (2008), and inspired by the practice of psychological debriefing we supported on the basis of a single session 17 women victims of rape and supported in the 24 to 78 hours after the assault. Followed after 4 weeks, then after six months, we measured the effects of psychological symptoms on post-traumatic psychological distress, as well as some indicators of sexuality of these women who, in reference to their sexuality earlier. The results show that a session there is an interesting reduction of the various measures that proves stable 4 weeks and 6 months after treatment, the same way that sexuality seems reinvested by the victims. If this type of emergency is not a substitute for psychotherapy in no further, its contribution and its relevance in the context of an immediate management opens interesting perspectives for the treatment of victims of sexual assault.

Keywords: Emergency Protocol Rape

Accuracy Verified: Yes

164. Easterling, M. (2002, June). A protocol for building emotional resilience within a troubled world. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The participant will be able to 1) develop the imaginational context of and employ this stabilizing protocol, useful in clients with insecure attachments, strategically ordered to elicit and allow desensitization of the inhibitory and adaptive affects within the basic EMDR protocol to allow completion typically within a fifty minute session; 2) teach to clients necessary integrated aspects of short term anxiety regulating psychotherapy and Heartmath methods, including how innate affects can act to guide adaptive behavior within a functional and dysfunctional system and how commonly used defenses and inhibitory affects impede adaptive behavior. Case examples and videos demonstrate the protocol.

Keywords: Emotional Resilience Protocol Heartmath

Accuracy Verified: Yes

165. Steele, A. (2008, September). Providing an attachment context for adult EMDR trauma work. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation offers a context for EMDR that strengthens the client’s sense of self and security. We will consider the therapeutic relationship from an attachment perspective and explore the clinical implications or recognizing it as triadic (adult-‘child’-therapist). Participants will identify ways to facilitate experiences of connectedness and nurturance through Imaginal Nurturing, thus fostering a consistent, ongoing development of a new relationship with self for the client. Opportunities for deepening the attachment context of EMDR therapy will be explored in detail with examples. Such an approach provides solid preparation for trauma work and greater security while doing that work, thus a gentler experience for the client and less likelihood of dissociation during processing.

Keywords: Attachment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

166. Monticelli, M. L. (2008, Novembre). Psicoterapia cognitivo costruttivista e EMDR integrati: verso un’evoluzione mente-corpo consapevole e collettiva [Cognitive constructivist EMDR integrated into development mind-body awareness and collective]. Poster presentato al Applicazioni Cliniche dell'EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.

Language: Italian

Format: Conference

Abstract:
I limiti mentali autoimposti acquisiti da copioni familiari reiterati in età evolutiva e da modelli operativi interiori acquisiti dalle autorità societarie attraverso mezzi di comunicazione di massa e regole educativo-lavorative, inducono percentuali sempre più rilevanti della popolazione europea alla vulnerabilità psicopatologica. L’esordio delle sintomatologie psichiche e somatiche di varia entità, avviene già in fasi precoci, nella primissima infanzia e spesso già nelle fasi prenatali, e il limite di età tende percentualmente a essere sempre più sensibile fin dal primo mese di vita. In età scolare si manifestano situazioni comportamentali quali il cosiddetto “bullismo” e fenomeni con campionature rilevanti di sindromi ipercinetiche con deficit attentivo e disturbi del-l’apprendimento. In adolescenza il contesto si complica e gli attacchi di panico, le sindromi depressive e i disturbi alimentari psicogeni dilagano, fino all’esordio di disturbi post-traumatici da stress che si incrementano in seguito alle difficili scelte di orientamento universitario o lavorativo. La vulnerabilità dell’età adulta si manifesta con disturbi somatoformi di diversa natura, disturbi psicocardiologici, sindromi ansioso-depressive, attacchi di panico, disturbi di coppia e relazionali, per citare i più frequenti e limitandomi solo ad accennare l’esistenza della molteplicità di disturbi iatrogeni. In tali soggetti, la consapevolezza di essere indotti in stati di shock che incrementano molteplici disturbi somatoformi e psicopatologici è praticamente assente. Essi, come pazienti, si rivolgono agli specialisti in ambito sanitario con la convinzione, spesso indotta da propagande dei mass-media, che tutto sia solo genetico, e vada "curato" con farmaci per lunghi periodi se non per tutta la vita. Anche da parte degli operatori sanitari vi sono ampie aree di inadeguatezza metodologica: ad esempio, la gravidanza viene gestita come fosse una malattia, riducendo la donna partoriente a una paziente alla quale troppo facilmente si “consiglia” il parto cesareo (statisticamente tra i più frequenti in Italia!) come metodo “veloce e sicuro” di parto, togliendo la competenza materna dell’imprinting alla nascita del bambino con le conseguenze psicologiche che ne derivano per la relazione madre-bambino e per la crescita serena di quest’ultimo, e, sempre a titolo esemplificativo, ignorano quasi del tutto gli aspetti di psicocardiologia, e il loro intervento si riduce a esami medici invasivi e a somministrazione di farmaci. Eppure, la psicoterapia cognitiva costruttivista, e specificamente modelli teorici e tecniche strategiche specialistiche note come EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), l’utilizzo di biofeedback, l’innovativo training emotivo-cognitivo-comportamentale da me ideato nelle due versioni per la psicoterapia e per i gruppi in formazione che incrementa il riconoscimento emotivo e l’implementazione di immagini mentali idonee a modificare cognizioni e comportamenti irrazionali, quando eticamente e competentemente applicati, fanno molto per questi pazienti, sia in quanto si incrementa sensibilmente il livello della loro consapevolezza e della loro capacità di farsi protagonisti nel-l'evoluzione positiva della loro “guarigione”, sia in quanto si può intervenire in modo mirato con sperimentati protocolli per la risoluzione dello stato di trauma psichico in tempi ragionevolmente rapidi e con risultati attendibili e verificabili. Passando dalla dimensione individuale a quella collettiva, ossia alla psicopatologia collettiva cagionata dall’esposizione (anche solo mediatica) ad eventi catastrofici o angoscianti (magari associati a senso di impotenza, insicurezza, precarietà) o a diversi tipi di stress e vulnerabilità, possiamo aggiungere che, analogamente, mediante un lavoro su sistemi di neuroni specchio e sull'attivazione di nuove connessioni di reti neurali con un modello operativo non invasivo, si potrebbe migliorare la condizione di intere popolazioni rispetto a disturbi che, oggettivamente, sono in continua diffusione. Sarebbe opportuno iniziare una sensibilizzazione collettiva partendo dalla formazione per livelli differenziati degli operatori educativi e sanitari, per poi estenderla alla popolazione suddividendola per fasce di età e per territori di appartenenza; purtroppo la consapevolezza non è tra le aspettative primarie di committenti rivolti solo al profitto economico. In un contesto storico-culturale dove l’etica, le relazioni umane, la cooperazione sembrano utopiche fiabe, questa è la sfida di essere una perturbatrice emotivamente orientata ad amplificare la consapevolezza attraverso un nuovo modello psicoterapeutico e formativo integrato, al quale sto lavorando da alcuni anni con risultati incoraggianti e che sarà mia premura esporre dettagliatamente durante il Congresso EMDR 2008.

The self-imposed mental limitations acquired from family scripts repeated age and developmental models inner acquired by the company operating through means of mass communication and educational and working rules, induce percentage increasing as the population of Europe vulnerability to psychopathology. The onset of symptoms of various psychological and somatic entity, is already in the early stages, in early childhood and often known during prenatal and age limit percentage tends to be more sensitive since the first month of life. Age school behavioral situations occur where the so-called "bullying" and phenomena samples relevant syndromes of attention-deficit and hyperactive disorder - learning. In adolescence the context is complicated and panic attacks, the syndromes psychogenic depression and eating disorders are rampant, until onset of post-traumatic disorders stress which increases as a result of difficult choices of university or business orientation. The vulnerability of adulthood is manifested by different types of somatoform disorders, disorders psycho, anxious-depressive syndrome, panic attacks, disorders of torque and relational to cite the most frequent is limited only to mention the existence of multiplicity of disorders iatrogenic. In these subjects, conscious of being led into a state of shock that increase multiple somatoform disorders and psychopathology is virtually absent. They, like patients, addressed to specialists in the health field with the belief, often driven by propaganda media, that everything is just genetic, and must be "cured" with drugs for long periods if not for life. Including by health workers there are large areas of inadequacy methodological: for example, pregnancy is managed as if it were a disease, reducing the woman in labor to a patient which too easily "advise" Caesarean (statistically the most frequent in Italy!) as a method of "fast and safe childbirth, removing the competence of imprinting the birth mother of the child with the psychological consequences that entailed for the mother-child and to the peaceful growth of the latter, and, also example, know little about the aspects of psycho, and their intervention reduces to invasive medical examinations and medication. Yet, cognitive psychotherapy constructivist theoretical models and specific strategic and technical specialists known as EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), the use of biofeedback, the innovative emotional-cognitive-behavioral training which I designed in two versions for psychotherapy and groups in training that increases the emotional recognition and implementation of mental images likely to change, knowledge and irrational behavior, when ethically and competently applied, do a lot for these patients, both because it increases significantly the level of their awareness and their ability to get players in - the positive development of their "healing", both as it can intervene in a targeted manner with tested protocols for the resolution of the state of psychic trauma in the reasonably rapid and reliable and verifiable results. Moving from individual dimension to that collective, that is caused by exposure to psychopathology group (even the media) to distressing or catastrophic event (perhaps associated with the sense of powerlessness, insecurity, instability) or different types of stress and vulnerability, we can add that, similarly, through a work on systems of mirror neurons and activation of new connections of neural networks with a model operating non-invasive, it could improve the condition of entire populations than disorders that, objectively, are in constant circulation. It would be appropriate to start a collective awareness levels, starting from training differential operators' education and health, then extend it to the population divides by age and territories belonging unfortunately the awareness is not between the expectations primary principals addressed only in profit or loss. In a historical-cultural context where ethics, human relations, cooperation seem utopian fairy tales, this is the challenge of being an emotionally disturbing oriented to amplify the awareness through a new model of psychotherapy and integrated training, which I working for several years with encouraging results and that will spell out my readiness EMDR 2008 during the Congress.

Keywords: Mind-Body Awareness Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

167. Lipke, H., & Glang, C. (2000, December). Psychological approach to Albanian Kosovar refugees with considerations for brief post-crisis services in general. Traumatology, 6(4), 295-305. doi:10.1177/153476560000600404.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article focuses on an interesting experience in working with Albanian Kosovar refugees last year in a refugee camp in Hemer, Germany. The authors, though highly trained and proficient traumatologists, worked with a large number of clients for a brief amount of time who had to rely on poorly trained interpreters who were themselves refugees in need of traumatology services (and eventually received it). They describe how Western educated practitioners were forced to adopt their methods of treatment ("standard EMDR model") to fit the requirements of the context. Among other things, they had to represent their work as educational ("information focus groups") and not "treatment" (due to the stigma), skip the time-consuming activities of assessment and rapport building, and accepted the direction of the camp psychologists as to who should or should not receive assistance. The bulk of their report focuses on the their information focus: the focus group content. They most often utilized a solution-focused approach (using eye movements to reinforce positive self-referencing statements) when working with individuals, although EMDR was used successfully with the few who requested it. The latter portion of the report includes three case studies. The authors concluded what worked best is a combination of group and individual work that relied on psychoeducation, accessing positive as well as negative material, and not initially focusing on the trauma. This information should be useful to any practitioner who must overcome similar challenges. [Adapted from Introduction] [Pilots]

Keywords: Interpreters Kosovars Psychotherapeutic Processes Refugees Victim Services

Accuracy Verified: Yes

168. Sondergaard, H. P., & Elofsson, U. (2008). Psychophysiological studies of EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(4), 282-288. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.4.282.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been established as an efficacious therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The working mechanism of the procedure is, however, still partly unknown. It is therefore important to explore the physiological effects of eye movements and alternative bilateral stimulation. This article describes our research on the effects of eye movements during authentic EMDR sessions of chronic PTSD in refugees with war and torture experiences and places this research in the context of other findings. The findings point to definite physiological effects of eye movements; namely a dearousal with increased finger temperature and changes in the balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomous nervous systems.

Keywords: Finger Temperature Heart Rate Variability Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

169. Adler-Nevo, G., & Manassis, K. (2005, September). Psychosocial treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: The neglected field of single-incident trauma. Depression and Anxiety, 22(4), 177-189. doi:10.1002/da.20123.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Despite the prevalence of childhood trauma, studies regarding psychotherapy for children suffering from PTSD are scarce, especially regarding the treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. Treatment practices for this population rely mainly on the paradigms of therapy for adult PTSD and pediatric PTSD following sexual abuse. This review outlines the studies published in the last 10 years pertaining to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. This is done in the context of available literature on the paradigms mentioned above. Of 742 articles dealing with treatment of pediatric trauma, 10 were found relevant to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. The modalities of treatment most frequently reported in this context were cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and play therapy. As a whole, CBT studies were methodologically more rigorous, used manualized, reproducible treatment, and were group, school-based therapies. EMDR treatments were usually short and individual. Most studies showed statistically significant improvement but were still methodologically lacking. We conclude that research on the subject of treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma constitutes a neglected part of the study of pediatric PTSD. This stands in contrast to the obvious prevalence of this type of trauma. We encourage future research that will address issues such as clarifying the role of pharmacotherapy, comparing different modes of treatment, dismantling treatment "packages", researching developmentally sensitive treatments, conducting long-term follow-up, and comparing different PTSD populations. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents Case Studies Cognitive Therapy Literature Review Pediatric Play Therapy Psychotherapy Review School Age Children PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

170. Wheeler, K. (2007, July). Psychotherapeutic strategies for healing trauma. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 43(3), 132-141. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2007.00122.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Purpose: The Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP), originally developed by Shapiro, provides a model for understanding how trauma affects the brain and how healing occurs. Conclusions: The effects of trauma are thought to be much broader than the diagnosis of PTSD and overlap with many other diagnostic categories. Recent physiological research supports the complexity of neurobiological responses to childhood stress and trauma. Practice Implications: The Treatment Hierarchy, AIP model, and evidence-based treatment framework presented here provide the context and a compass for holistic PMH-APRN practice for working with traumatized patients. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Cognitive Therapy Disorders of Extreme Stress (DESNOS) Healing Trauma Nursing Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

171. Steketee, G., & Goldstein, A. J. (1994, Summer). Reflections on Shapiro’s reflections: Testing EMDR within a theoretical context. the Behavior Therapist, 17(7), 156-157.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
As Shapiro points out, controversy has surrounded Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) since it was first described. Although some of this controversy pertains to training methods and clinical issues (see the Behavior Therapist, 1992), most of it focuses on insufficient empirical study. Regardless of whether EMDR represents a paradigm shift as Shapiro suggests, its clinical utility depends on empirical demonstration of clinical efficacy and mechanisms of action. We summarize the available literature here to balance Shapiro's views. In accord with Shapiro's view that EMDR targets the blocking effects of trauma in any context on normal information processing, we agree that EMDR needs to be tested not only with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but also with other disorders whose etiology may be traumatic.

Keywords: Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

172. Leeds, A. M. (2009). Resources in EMDR and other trauma-focused psychotherapy: A review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 152-160. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.152.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The present review examines how resources have been used in trauma-focused psychotherapy with an emphasis on their use in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Current practices of EMDR-trained clinicians are presented in a historical context and considering a range of contemporary approaches to ego strengthening. This article describes the use of resources as presented in the EMDR literature along with research findings. The review concludes with a call for controlled research on widely used resource-focused procedures and practice guidelines for their use in clinical applications of EMDR.

Keywords: Ego Strengthening RDI Resources Resource Development and Installation Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

173. Figley, C., Dietrich, A., Maxfield, L., & Gentry, J. E. (1999, November). Review of neoteric trauma treatments and suggested practice guidelines. In C. Figley (Chair) Discussion, Clinical Theory. International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Thought Field Therapy (TFT), Time-Limited Trauma Therapy (TLTT), Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR), and Visual/Kinesthetic Dissociation (V/KD) are relatively new approaches in the treatment of trauma-related disorders. These approaches have come under intense scientific and professional scrutiny and criticism, with proponents and critics offering diverse and intriguing arguments in support of their respective points of view. This discussion will focus on the current empirical and anecdotal evidence on the efficacy of these five approaches, as well as various criticisms that have been proferred in response to the empirical and clinical literature on treatment efficacy and theory. EMDR will be highlighted, given the growing empirical database on EMDR outcome studies and the contention surrounding the treatment and its’ theory. The evidence for and/or against the other four approaches will also be presented, upon which we will raise for discussion issues relating to methodological rigour, scientific reporting of clinical data, and the interpretation of efficacy studies in general. The discussion will occur within the context of philosophical discourse on the ideal of integration of science and practice, and the feasibility of attaining this ideal within the current scientific Zeitgeist. INTERVENTION RESEARCH, CLINICAL CASE STUDY Sandringham Skills-Based Treatment of Dissociation: A Case Study 238 Chair: ELHAI, Jon D., Nova Southeastern University Discussant: GOLD, Stephen A clinical case study of skills-based treatment of a 48-year-old, female survivor of child sexual abuse (CSA) reporting severe dissociative symptomatology is presented. Chief complaints were daily amnestic episodes, depersonalization, panic attacks, agoraphobia, and consequent long-term unemployment. In contrast to most approaches to therapy for dissociative syndromes, it is argued that treatment does not need to be primarily trauma-focused. Instead treatment focused on targeting dissociation and anxiety by teaching skills to be implemented by the client outside of session. Functional behavioral analysis of particular recent incidents of dissociation were conducted over several sessions. Imagery-based relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation were used and monitored to help the client learn additional methods of reducing distress. Grounding techniques were implemented to counter the dissociative tendency to lose experiential awareness of the here and now. Cognitive interventions were utilized to challenge the erroneous notions reported about dissociative experiences, such as the panic she experienced when her dissociation had been revealed to others. Last, in vivo systematic desensitization was used with a fear hierarchy, ranging from the least to most fearful stimuli that precipitate dissociation, where graduated exposure was followed by relaxation. At termination the client reported elimination of panic attacks, resumption of driving, and marked reduction in frequency and duration of amnestic periods, with substantial additional gains and progress in finding full-time employment reported at 8 month follow-up. Treatment outcome is assessed based on psychological test data obtained at intake, discharge, and 8 month follow-up, as well as client anecdotal report.

Keywords: Neoteric Trauma Treatments Practice Guidelines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

174. Steele, A. (2001). The right side: Therapy from the right side of the brain: A role for EMDR with imaginal nurturing in the treatment of early neglect. Unpublished.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract: T
his paper proposes that early deficits in adult clients with insecure-attachment patterns can be addressed directly through a therapeutic component of imaginal nurturing with EMDR. These clients may exhibit little sense of self, low self-esteem, a sense of alienation, poor affect tolerance, inability to regulate emotions, inability to empathize, and impaired interpersonal relationships. Traditionally, the burden of the client's attachment deficits is left to be resolved through the therapeutic relationship itself. In this paper, a three-pronged approach to therapy is suggested: affect tolerance and emotion regulation skills training, imaginal nurturing, and trauma reprocessing, all within the context of a validating and caring therapeutic relationship. The focus of this paper is imaginal nurturing, the goals of which include developing an attachment between the adult, and infant and child selves to create a new relationship to self in the present. Two forms of imaginal nurturing are presented: Core Imaginal Nurturing, freestanding imaginal work in which the client experiences both providing and receiving nurturance, and Adjunctive Imaginal Nurturing which is incorporated into trauma reprocessing. A conceptual basis for this work is provided, and examples are given showing its use, benefits, and problems that can arise.

Keywords: Imaginal Nurturing Neglect

Accuracy Verified: Yes

175. Amendolia, R. D., Bressler-Wakesburg, E., & Giles-Monroe, E. (2004, September). The role of culture, ethnicity and spirituality in the treatment of trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Narrative Constructivist personal psychology model postulates that traumatized children and adults experience disturbances in cognitive schemata within domains of their psychological and interpersonal functioning: safety, trust, power, esteem and intimacy. Their processing of themselves and the world, which is greatly affected by ethno-cultural and beliefs, becomes rigidified around the "trauma story.” Their responses to stimuli are thus limited to repetitive and intrusive manifestations of fear and withdrawal. Utilizing culturally and spiritually salient metaphors as well as appropriate timing, EMDR facilitates the creation of meaningful narratives about the person's present and future and the world, enhancing sense of self and focused, purposeful behaviors. This symposium will introduce the narrative/cultural context model of trauma, with discussion, film clips and handouts; engage participants in a brief group intervention based on this model, to explore the emotional impact of ethno-cultural issues in regard to trauma and treatment interventions; and present clinical cases treated with EMDR based on cultural-sensitive choice-points and useful metaphors in work with diverse populations.

Keywords: Culture Ethnicity Spirituality Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

176. Amendolia, R. D., & Gemme, J. (2006, September). The role of culture, ethnicity and spirituality in the treatment of trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The Narrative Constructivist personal psychology model postulates that traumatized children and adults experience disturbances in cognitive schemata within domains of their psychological and interpersonal functioning: safety, trust, power, esteem and intimacy. Their processing of themselves and the world, which is greatly affected by ethno-cultural and spiritual beliefs, becomes rigidified around the "trauma story." Their responses to stimuli are thus limited to repetitive and intrusive manifestations of fear and withdrawal. Utilizing culturally and spilitually salient metaphors, as well appropriate timing, EMDR facilitates the creation of meaningful narratives about the person's present and future and the world, enhancing sense of self and focused, purposeful behaviors. This symposium will introduce the narrative/cultural context model of trauma, with discussion, film clips and handouts; engage participants in a brief group intervention based on this model, to explore the emotional impact of ethno-cultural issues in regard to trauma and treatment interventions; and present clinical cases treated with EMDR based on cultural-sensitive choice-points and useful metaphors in work with diverse populations.

Keywords: Culture Ethnicity Spiriturality

Accuracy Verified: Yes

177. Stickgold, R. (2013, May). Searching for the scientific basis of EMDR [À la recherche des fondements scientifiques de l’EMDR]. Presentaton at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Several scientific models have been proposed to explain the unique efficacy of EMDR in treating PTSD. These include models based on the relaxation response, on working memory, and on REM-sleep associative processing. In this workshop I will describe and discuss these and other models within a larger framework that views PTSD as primarily a memory disorder. Memories are not like photographs. They evolve. After a memory is initially formed, it goes through an extended period of processing—a complex set of automatic processes, occurring without intent or conscious awareness, that modifies the memory. In the end, a memory can be substantially different from its original form, with some parts still as vivid as the day they were formed and other parts forgotten. At the same time, the memory becomes integrated into wide-ranging memory networks that create a context for the original memory and, in the process, construct an implicit interpretation of the memory. While the processing of small, everyday, distressful events is normally handled efficiently by these automatic mechanisms, grief and painful traumas can overwhelm them. When this happens, the memory is left frozen in its original form—raw, intrusive, distressing, and unexplained––a condition that can lead to PTSD. The goal of any treatment for PTSD, then, should be to “restart” these processes of memory evolution, and to thereby support resolution of the trauma. How each of the various scientific models of EMDR might explain this facilitation of memory processing will be the focus of the workshop. Learning Objectives: • The structure and physiology of the human sleep cycle • The role of sleep in memory “evolution” • How PTSD can be seen as a disorder of sleep-dependent memory evolution • How EMDR might act to restore normal memory processing

Plusieurs modèles scientifiques ont tenté d’expliquer l’efficacité de l’approche EMDR dans le traitement du SSPT. Dans ces modèles, il y a ceux portant sur la réponse de relaxation, sur la mémoire de travail, sur le processus associatif durant la phase ‘REM’ du sommeil. Dans cet atelier, l’auteur abordera ces différents modèles et bien d’autres et ce dans une optique élargie mais qui se fonde sur la prémisse que le SSPT est principalement un trouble de la mémoire. Les souvenirs ne sont pas comme des photos. Elles évoluent. Alors que le souvenir prend forme, il se passe un certain laps de temps où le traitement de l’information se poursuit –une série complexe de processus automatiques, loin du champs de la conscience, modifiant le souvenir. Finalement, le souvenir peut être considérablement différent de sa forme originale dans ce sens que certaines parties demeurent très claires et très vivides et d’autres sont oubliées. Lorsque le souvenir se forme, celui-ci est intégré dans un large réseau de la mémoire qui crée un contexte et dans son traitement de l’information construit une interprétation implicite de ce souvenir. Alors que le traitement d’événements stressants du quotidien sont normalement bien gérés par ces mécanismes automatiques, ceux-ci sont complètement envahis par les pertes ou les traumas douloureux. Quand cela se produit, le souvenir demeure ‘gelé’ (‘frozen’) dans sa forme originale- à l’état brute, intrusif, perturbant, inexpliqué- conditions pouvant mener au SSPT. L’objectif du traitement du SSPT est de ‘’redémarrer’’ ces processus évolutifs de la mémoire afin de permettre la résolution du trauma. L’intérêt premier de cet atelier est de voir comment les différents modèles scientifiques en EMDR facilitent ces processus de traitement de la mémoire. Objectifs d’apprentissage: • La structure et la physiologie du cycle du sommeil chez l’humain • Le rôle du sommeil dans ‘’ l’évolution ‘’ de la mémoire • Comment le SSPT peut être vu comme un syndrome dépendant du sommeil dans l’évolution de la mémoire • Comment l’ EMDR peut jouer un rôle important à rétablir le processus normal de la mémoire.

Keywords: Memory Processing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Scientific Models Sleep Cycle Sleep-Dependent Memory Evolution

Accuracy Verified: Yes

178. Stickgold, R. (2013, May). Searching for the scientific basis of EMDR [À la recherche des fondements scientifiques de l’EMDR]. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Memory Processing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Scientific Models Sleep Cycle Sleep-Dependent Memory Evolution

Accuracy Verified: Yes

179. Leserman, J. (2005). Sexual abuse history: Prevalence, health effects, mediators, and psychological treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67(6), 906-915. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000188405.54425.20.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: Lifetime history of sexual abuse is estimated to range between 15% and 25% in the general female population. People who are sexually abused are at greater risk for a whole host of physical health disorders that may occur many years after the abusive incident(s). Despite the high prevalence of this trauma and its association with poor health status, abuse history often remains hidden within the context of medical care. The aims of this review are to determine which specific health disorders have been associated with sexual abuse in both women and men, to outline the types of sexual abuse associated with the worst health outcome, to discuss some possible explanations and mediators of the abuse/health relationship, to discuss when and how to talk about abuse within a clinical setting, and to present evidence for which psychological treatments have been shown to improve the mental health of patients with past sexual abuse. Method: To meet these objectives, we have reviewed a wide literature on the topic of sexual abuse. Results: We demonstrate that abuse appears to be related to greater likelihood of headache and gastrointestinal, gynecologic, and panic-related symptoms; that the poor health effects associated with abuse are also seen in men; that abuse involving penetration and multiple incidents appears to be the most harmful, and that exposure-type therapies with and without cognitive behavioral therapy hold promise for those with abuse history. Conclusion: We need more research examining psychological treatments that might be efficacious in treating the physical health problems associated with sexual abuse history.

Keywords: HMO Health Maintenance Organization HPA Hypothalamic-Pituitaryadrenocortical Review Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD Sexual Abuse Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

180. Edmond, T., Sloan, L., & McCarty, D. (2004, July). Sexual abuse survivors’ perceptions of the effectiveness of EMDR and eclectic therapy. Research on Social Work Practice, 14(4), 259-272. doi:10.1177/1049731504265830.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: This article examines survivor perspectives of the effectiveness of two different treatments for trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse -- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and eclectic therapy. Method: Qualitative interviews obtained in the context of a mixed-methods study were conducted with 38 adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Results: Two major differences in outcomes between the two treatment approaches were observed. There were considerable distinctions between the two treatment groups in terms of the importance and effect of the client-therapist relationship, and in terms of the depth of change reportedly caused by the different therapies. Conclusions: Survivors' narratives indicate that EMDR produces greater trauma resolution, while within eclectic therapy, survivors more highly value their relationship with their therapist, through whom they learn effective coping strategies. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Depressive Disorders Empirical Study Females Individual Psychotherapy Mixed Methods Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

181. Norcross, J. (2002, June). The sociopolitical context of EMDR research: can't we all just get along (or at least look at the data)?. In L. Beutler, Discussant, EMDR research and its future: Ecological validity, process research, component analysis, outcome findings, and sociopolitical context. Panel discussion at the (SPR)Society for Psychotherapy Research, International Conference, Santa Barbara, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has been mired in intense controversy since its inception. Initial claims of its efficacy were probably exaggerated, but many researchers continue to outright dismiss its positive outcome data. Indeed, the ongoing debate over the effectiveness of EMDR recapitulates the developmental history of validating many psychotherapy systems. This presentation reviews sociopolitical considerations in interpreting and disseminating the burgeoning outcome research (16 plus controlled studies, several meta-analyses) on EMDR. These include paradigm strain, the initial restrictions on training in EMDR, the timing of controlled research vis a vis clinical applications, its application to disorders beyond trauma, and the unfortunate use of “eye movements" in its title. Dispassionate reviews generally find the clinical results of EMDR with PTSD to be equivalent to exposure methods in fewer sessions, but the psychotherapy research community has failed to embrace these conclusions.

Keywords: Exposure Therapy Outcome Research Panel Discussion

Accuracy Verified: Yes

182. Anton, A., Funabiki, D., Shiromoto, J., & Spiro, M. L. (1994, March). Somatic disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Is the anxiety reaction better conceptualized as a post-traumatic effect of the client's illness experiences and/or medical interventions? Identify relevant anxiety-provoking stimuli (sensory, cognitions, images) related to the past experience. Establish EMDR targets and desired cognitions. EMDR procedure. Assess for generalization of therapeutic effects. Evaluate anticipatory anxiety for the medical intervention. Can the intervention be conceptualized as an acute psychological crisis? Understand the client's "explanatory models for the illness as it relates to the medical intervention. Determine client's knowledge about the illness and intervention; provide educational component as necessary. Identify salient anxiety-provoking stimuli (sensory, cognitions, images). Assist client in developing a "personal places or a state of "0 SUDS". Use Guided Imagery to help client reframe the medical intervention. Use imagery and metaphor to create a therapeutic context for the medical intervention. Incorporate key elements of the interventions (e.g., preoperative preparation, the surgery room, the medical staff and apparatuses). Rehearse cognitions involving coping strategies.

Keywords: Somatic Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

183. Anton, A., Funabiki, D., & Spiro, M. L. (1993, March). Somatic disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Is the anxiety reaction better conceptualized as a post-traumatic effect of the client's illness experiences and/or medical interventions? Identify relevant anxiety-provoking stimuli (sensory, cognitions, images) related to the past experience. Establish EMDR targets and desired cognitions. EMDR procedure. Assess for generalization of therapeutic effects. Evaluate anticipatory anxiety for the medical intervention. Can the intervention be conceptualized as an acute psychological crisis? Understand the client's "explanatory models for the illness as it relates to the medical intervention. Determine client's knowledge about the illness and intervention; provide educational component as necessary. Identify salient anxiety-provoking stimuli (sensory, cognitions, images). Assist client in developing a "personal place or a state of "0 SUDS". Use Guided Imagery to help client reframe the medical intervention. Use imagery and metaphor to create a therapeutic context for the medical intervention. Incorporate key elements of the interventions (e.g., preoperative preparation, the surgery room, the medical staff and apparatuses). Rehearse cognitions involving coping strategies.

Keywords: Somatic Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

184. Maxfield, L., Lake, K., & Hyer, L. A. (2004). Some answers to unanswered questions about the empirical support for EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. Traumatology, 10(2), 73-89. doi:10.1177/153476560401000202.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A recent review [by Rubin] summarized research studies investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD. Rubin identified populations in which there has been insufficient research to determine what treatments, if any, are effective, and he articulated questions about EMDR's efficacy with these groups. He also addressed the problem of potential reviewer bias. Unfortunately his own review of the literature contained numerous errors and failed to consider the context of the larger research field. The purpose of the current article is to provide a more balanced perspective and to clarify confusion that may have been raised by Rubin's article. We provide some answers to the unanswered questions about the efficacy of EMDR treatment for PTSD with child, multiply traumatized civilian, and combat-veteran populations. We also address the methodological questions raised by Rubin (Pilots).

Keywords: Methodology Populations Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Research Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

185. van der Weele, J., & With, A. (2007, June). Stabilization groups with ethnic minority women after domestic violence: Presentation of a model based on structural theory of dissociation, EMDR, intercultural comunication and expressive artwork. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Alternative to violence has developed a group treatment model structured by the theory of structural dissociation and EMDR trauma treatment theory. Woman with ethnic minority background received short terms group treatment at a shelter for victims of domestic violence at an outpatient clinic and at a domestic violence family treatment center. The groups were supplements to individual therapy/counseling. We have had 10 groups; one with only Pakistani women, several mixed ethnic minority cultural groups with translation and groups in “simple Norwegian.” Recruitment was enhanced by the policy of sharing of symptoms and problems today with no obligation to share about personal past. The model has low drop out rate and therapist working with the individuals report more effective treatment sessions. For some women the group becomes the preferred choice of treatment. We discovered that early phase trauma work can be done in a group format with severely and recently traumatized women. Methods used are resource installation and safe place work, increase awareness of negative/positive cognitions, butterfly hug, nightmare protocol, expressive art therapy techniques as grounding, breathing techniques working with personal borders, working with imagination and playfulness. Structural therapy of dissociation concepts as ANP/EP structures and mental capacity, working from here and now, focusing on the ANP above EP's are woven into how the therapists regulate the group process and plan content. The theory organizes how we handle flashbacks, current acute crisis and how we focus on the womens’ personal trauma. We also teach about the effect of violence in relationships, the need to work on personal safety and the needs of children in the aftermath of violence. Theory from the field of intercultural communication gave us guidelines in working with women from high context, indirect and collectivistic cultures. A workbook for the clients on violence, PTSD symptoms and stabilisation treatment has been developed in the aftermath of these groups and is translated into several languages. We will present the material at the conference in the structure of the early fase trauma treatment group format. Showing in vivo how we apply the theory to severely traumatized women. We will share some of our favorite group exercises, metaphors and group rituals. Our goal is: 1. to show how the theory of structural dissociation serves as guideline for organizing and resulting treatment with severely traumatized clients in groups. 2. Give insight into typical adjustments that have been made to tailor treatment to ethnic minority populations. 3. Explain how expressive art work needs to make adjustments to the population of severely traumatized women. 4. Finally show how the group uses elements from EMDR and enhances individual EMDR work. In our experience, the stabilisation groups have integrated the heart, mind and body in the work of healing with a population that is often found difficult to treat effectively. We hare started to retain other therapists in using the model and are in the process of applying for a research grant.

Keywords: Artwork Domestic Violence Dissociation Ethnic Intercultural Communication Minority Stabilization Women

Accuracy Verified: Yes

186. Greenwald, R. (1994). The therapeutic relationship and EMDR. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(1), 10-11.

Language: English

Format: Newsletter

Abstract:
Given the diversity of the therapists who are interested in EMDR, an old debate may be fruitfully revived. Does therapy consist of task-oriented collaborative consultation and guidance, or is the negotiation of the therapeutic relationship itself the primary task? To the extent that EMDR may constitute a new treatment context, the role of the therapeutic relationship in EMDR treatment is of particular interest. How much of EMDR is inside the client, and how much is between the client and the therapist? Is successful EMDR simply a function of the client's (guided) internal processing, or is it somehow dependent upon the quality of the therapeutic relationship, or is it both.

Keywords: Therapeutic Relationship

Accuracy Verified: Yes

187. Barre, K., & Biesold, K.-H. (2002). Therapie psychischer traumatisierungen bei soldaten der Bundeswehr [Treatment of psychological trauma suffered by soldiers of the Bundeswehr]. In Eberhard Okon & Rolf Meermann (Hsrg). Prävention und Behandlung posttraumatischer Störungsbilder im Rahmen militärischer und polizeilicher Aufgabenerfüllung, (S. 41-46).

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
Traumatherapie ist eine spezifische Form der Psychotherapie. Sie orientiert sich schulübergreifend am Drei-Phasen-Modell von P. Janet. Im Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamburg werden seit 1994 Soldaten mit einsatzbedingten und einsatzunabhängigen psychotraumatischen Syndromen behandelt. Dabei wird im Rahmen eines integrativen Therapieansatzes insbesondere Eye-Movement-Desensitization-and-Reprocessing (EMDR) als therapeutische Methode eingesetzt. Der therapeutische Ansatz wird erläutert. Auf die spezifischen Bedingungen im soldatischen Umfeld und anderen Gefahrenberufen wird eingegangen.

Trauma therapy is a specific form of psychotherapy. It is oriented across schools at the three-phase model of P. Janet. In Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg since 1994, soldiers with service-related and use-independent psycho-traumatic syndromes treated. It is in the context of an integrative therapy approach, in particular eye movement desensitization-reprocessing-and-(EMDR) is used as a therapeutic method. The therapeutic approach is discussed. On the specific conditions in the military environment and other hazardous occupations will be discussed.

Keywords: Bundeswehr Soldiers

Accuracy Verified: Yes

188. Marich, J. N. (2010). To the editor. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(2), 100-101. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.2.100.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In Isaac Bashevis Singer’s prolifi c Holocaust novel, Enemies: A Love Story (1972), the main character, Herman Broder, sets his eyes into an oscillating motion whenever he needs to deal with stress or anxiety. The books and poems of Native American author Sherman Alexie (1992, 2009) beautifully document how centuries of tribes have utilized the dance, an activity of tactile bilateral stimulation, to cope with distress and heighten performance. Kyra Gaunt (2006) documented how generations of African American girls have used clapping games, doubledutch jump rope, and other bilateral rhythmic activities to transition into adulthood. This small collection of examples sets a larger context for the development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) that I feel, in the excitement over the 20th anniversary of Shapiro’s discovery, we have failed to consider. I write this letter with a great deal of respect for Dr. Francine Shapiro as someone who has tapped into the seemingly innate, healing power of bilateral stimulation and systematized it for use in psychotherapeutic settings. In the spirit of appreciating the larger context of her contribution, I feel the need to voice my concern about several points that she articulated in the interview with Marilyn Luber. (Excerpt)

Keywords: Letter

Accuracy Verified: Yes

189. Grand, C., & Grant, D. (2003, September). Toolkits for the every body: Working with the physiology of emotion. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Learn how to work more directly with the body and the physiology of emotion during key phases of EMDR treatment with individuals, including assessment, case conceptualization, affect tolerance work, resource development and trauma/standard protocol processing. Celia Grand, LCSW; and Deborah Grant, LCSW; will introduce workshop panicipants to the Four Panes Model as a treatment model for using somatically-based work in the context of EMDR therapy. They will present psychophysical techniques and protocols for managing and regulating arousal states, giving special attention to when to use these techniques and why using them may best support clients in working with complex PTSD.

Keywords: Four Panes Model Physiology of Emotion

Accuracy Verified: Yes

190. Pontes, N. O. (2012, Novembro). Transtorno reativo de vinculação na infância e suas repercussões emocionais negativas na vida adulta [Reactive attachment disorder in childhood and their negative emotional repercussions in adulthood]. In EMDR na infância. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.

Language: Portuguese

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objetivo: Traçar um paralelo entre os aspectos de vida na infância e na fase adulta de um caso clínico, com base na Teoria do Apego de John Bowlby e enfoque na modalidade de apego inseguro e ambivalente. Este pode muitas vezes levar o indivíduo a produzir um vínculo disfuncional e antiprodutivo consigo mesmo. Método: Apresentar o caso clínico para ilustrar e enriquecer os aspectos teóricos abordados, comparando atitudes e comportamentos no passado e no presente. A tendência destrutiva da paciente lugar a pensamentos construtivos e transformações em sua vida, depois do tratamento com a técnica de EMDR, passando por todas as fases do protocolo desenvolvido por Francine. Resultado: O caso nos mostra melhora significativa no quadro de depressão recorrente seguida de somatização e tentativas de suicídio. Atualmente, podemos dizer que essa paciente não apresenta pensamentos destrutivos nem comportamento suicida. Conclusão: Os bons resultados obtidos com intervenções psicológicas focadas em trauma e memória dessas imagens, principalmente nos primeiros anos de vida, nos fazem pensar seriamente no aprofundamento e na utilização da técnica do EMDR. Essa nova abordagem pode beneficiar de modo marcante pessoas que sofrem dor psíquica constante.

Objective: To establish a parallel between aspects of life in childhood and adulthood of a case, based on Attachment Theory John Bowlby and focus on the type of insecure attachment and ambivalent. This can often cause the individual to produce a bond dysfunctional and counterproductive himself. Method: To present a case to illustrate and enrich the theoretical aspects discussed, comparing attitudes and behaviors in the past and present. The destructive tendency of the patient to place thoughts and constructive changes in your life, after treatment with the technique of EMDR, through all phases of the protocol developed by Francine. Result: The case shows significant improvement in the context of recurrent depression and somatization then attempted suicide. Currently, we can say that this patient has no destructive thoughts or suicidal behavior. Conclusion: Good results with psychological interventions focused on trauma and memory of these images, especially early in life, make us think seriously about stepping in and using the technique of EMDR. This new approach may benefit markedly from those suffering psychic pain constantly.

Keywords: Early Childhood trauma, Insecure Attachment Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

191. Hyer, L. A., & Sohnle, S. J. (2001). Trauma among older people: Issues and treatment. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner-Routledge.

Language: English

Format: Book

Abstract:
This book is about trauma in a select population, older people. This is important because this group is usually given short shrift because of certain convictions about age, as well as an excessive emphasis on specific trauma-related techniques. In fact, the older group is complex when it comes to trauma. There is much to be exported about older people from knowledge of earlier ages, and there is much that is not. Our basic belief is that the human change process is highly individualized at later life but certainly understandable within an integrated formulation of the person. We address this "formulation." [Preface, p. vii]TOPICS TREATED: Aging and trauma; PTSD in the context of aging; Life story of the aging person; Person and memory; Treatment: PTSD and beyond; Key ingredients to psychotherapy; Treatment model: early stages; Personality; Core memory: the "good" memory; The trauma memory: the "bad" memory; Grief work and forgiveness in the context of PTSD; Using assessment data to inform the treatment plan.

Keywords: Aged Anxiety Management Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors

Accuracy Verified: Yes

192. Bumke, P. (2011, June). Trauma centered psychotherapy and EMDR in a humanitarian mass disaster: Evaluating the ACEH experience. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In a project carried out by Trauma Aid-HAP Germany between 2007 and 2009 and sponsored by Terre des Hommes and the German Official Development Assistance more than 3200 adult and child clients were treated for mental disorders related to traumatic experiences after the Tsunami in 2004 and the civil war in Aceh/ Indonesia. An accompanying monitoring and research component provided detailed diagnostic data before and after therapy. This guided both the therapeutic process, and the training process in psychotraumatology. Also with this component the long term effectiveness of the interventions was assessed. In turn these findings were related to various traumatic events, socio-economic conditions and other non-psychological factors that influenced therapy outcome. Particular attention was paid to a variety of cultural implications entailed in using therapies such as EMDR in a non-Western, deeply religious and traditional context. Main results, implications for further research and future intervention strategies will be addressed.

Keywords: ACEH Disasters Keynote Plenary

Accuracy Verified: Yes

193. Oglesby, C. (1994). Trauma in sport. In M. Williams and J. Sommers (Eds.), Handbook of post-traumatic therapy (pp ). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
As many of us with careers in sport science and physical education, I began as an athlete. Thus I experienced years of training and competition in the disciplines of sport long before those of science and research. Although I had no words for such experiences at the tine, in the intense and dedicated efforts of my involvements, I moved through both polar-opposite twins of sports' altered states; flow and trauma. It is my supposition that almost all serious athletes do, although I will not live long enough to make much headway on empirical proof in that regard. As I have added psychology training to that in sport and exercise psychology, I have gathered formal and anecdotal support for the notion of trauma experiences inside the context of sport and have had success in the application of a trauma healing technique to ease some of the damage and pain wrought by occurrences within intense commitment to sport.

Keywords: Sports Trauma

Accuracy Verified: No

194. Chemtob, C. (2001, June). Trauma, culture, and public health. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The field of trauma has made significant strides in the past quarter century. It is now recognized that trauma is a "behavioral toxin" associated wuth a number of significant deleterious psychological and physical consequences for health. A public health informed approach to trauma must address the cultural context in which victimization occurs and must address its cultural roots. In order to achieve our public health agenda, it will be critical to develop conceptual and methodological frameworks requisite to develop knowledge to address trauma's impact on populations.

Keywords: Health Public Health Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

195. Gelbach, R. A. (2008). Trauma, research, and EMDR: A disaster responder's wish list. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 146-155. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.146.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Disasters, both natural and "man-made", affect a large portion of the Earth's population and can be expected to increase in intensity over the coming decades. The impact of disasters on mental health of affected populations is substantial and likely to be insufficiently addressed in the overall context of disaster response. While successful mental health intervention has been demonstrated in a variety of cases, including through the use of EMDR treatment, this problem needs more attention. Effective mental health response will be greatly supported by increased research on questions related to the incidence, form, and prognosis of disaster-generated traumatic stress, as these are affected by type of disaster, culture of affected population, sociological conditions, and neuropsychological factors, and the interactions among these. A brief summary of desirable research is presented that could help responders meet these challenges. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Disaster Disaster-Response Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

196. Woller, W. (2006). Traumaspezifische behandlungstechniken [Trauma-specific treatment techniques] . PiD - Psychotherapie im Dialog, 7(4), 405-407. doi:10.1055/s-2006-951833.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Trauma-Behandlung spezifischer Techniken verfolgen das Ziel, den traumatischen Stress-Symptomen und Stress abbauen und heben Sie die Dissoziation von traumatischen Erinnerungen. Es kann Techniken der Trauma-spezifische Stabilisierungs-und Verarbeitungstechniken von Traumata kommen angewandt. Traumaassozierten zur Verringerung der Symptome, Verbesserung der Fähigkeit, Emotionen zu regulieren und sich von traumatischen Erfahrungen Trauma-spezifische Techniken Stabilisierung Entfernung sind von großer Bedeutung. Dazu gehören Techniken Aufmerksamkeitsumfokussierung, imaginative Techniken und Distanzierung ressourcenaktivierende Techniken. Eine Integration der dissoziierten traumatischen Erinnerungen im biographischen Kontext der Lebensgeschichte erfordert den Einsatz traumabearbeitender (traumakonfrontativer) Verfahren. Verfahren mit nachgewiesener Wirksamkeit sind EMDR und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Konfrontationstherapie. Ein traumakonfrontatives Ansatz wird durch strenge Indikationsstellung Kriterien gebunden. Äußere Sicherheit, psychologische Stabilität und eine verbesserte Fähigkeit, Emotionen zu regulieren sind wesentliche Voraussetzungen.

Trauma-specific treatment techniques pursue the goal of the traumatic stress symptoms and reduce stress and lift the dissociation of traumatic memories. It may come techniques of trauma-specific stabilization and processing techniques of trauma applied. Traumaassozierten to reduce symptoms, improve ability to regulate emotions and to distance themselves from traumatic experience trauma-specific stabilization techniques are of great importance. These include techniques Aufmerksamkeitsumfokussierung, imaginative distancing techniques and ressourcenaktivierende techniques. An integration of dissociated traumatic memories in the biographical context of the life history requires the use traumabearbeitender (traumakonfrontativer) procedures. Procedure with proven efficacy are EMDR and cognitive-behavioral exposure therapy. A traumakonfrontatives approach is bound by strict indication criteria. External security, psychological stability and an enhanced ability to regulate emotions are essential prerequisites.

Keywords: Affect Regulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

197. Loibl, B. (2009). Traumatherapeutische elemente in der akutphase - Der ansatz des eye movement dezensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)...[Trauma therapeutic elements in the acute phase - The approach of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)...] . In B. Loibl, Psychische Traumatisierungsprozesse beim Grundschulkind nach Elternsuizid: Ursachen, Warnsignale, Akutmassnahmen [Mental traumatisation the primary school child to parent suicide: causes, warning signs, acute measures] (pp. 70-78), Protestant University of Applied Sciences Dresden, GRIN Verlag für Akademische Texte.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Abstract:
In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es im Nähren um die Darstellung dreier Sachverhalte. Zum einen soll das elternbezogenen Bindungsgefüge beleuchtet werden, welches konstitutiv einen Einfluss auf die gesunde biopsychosoziale Entwicklung eines Kindes nimmt. Die irreversible Auflösung dieser fundamentalen Beziehung beansprucht weiterhin die Erörterung des kindlichen Verlusterlebens und des daraus resultierenden physischen, psychischen und sozialen Gefährdungspotenzials. Dahingehend wird besonders eine Betrachtung hinsichtlich der emotionalen Schemata des Trauerns relevant sowie gegenüber den damit korrespondierenten Phänomen der psychischen Traumatisierung. Letztlich wird es von Bedeutung sein, Hilfeinterventionen zu beleuchten, die einer Gefährdung des Kindes entgegenwirken. Da meine berufliche Handlungsfähigkeit im Arbeitsfeld der Notfallversorgung verankert ist, möchte ich diesbezüglich nach der Möglichkeit von Sofortmassnahmen suchen, die unmittelbar nach dem Verlusterlebnis eingeleitet werden können. Hinsichtlich dieser Betrachtungsweise lassen sich zwei thematische Fragestellungen formulieren. (1) Welche Relevanz übt eine Eltern-Kind-Beziehung auf die kindliche Entwicklung aus und inwieweit leitet ihre Auflösung, im Kontext eines Eltersuizides, eine mögliche trauma-basierende, psychopathologische Störung des Kindes ein? (2) Welche Massnahmen der kindlichen Akutbetreuung lassen einen adäquaten Beitrag zur kognitiven und emotionalen Rehabilitierung des Kindes versprechen?

In the present work is in nurturing the image of three issues. On the one hand, the parents moved into bond structures are illuminated, which constitutively takes a biopsychosocial influence on the healthy development of a child. The irreversible resolution of this fundamental relationship claims continue to discuss the child's loss experience and the resulting physical, mental and social potential hazard. To that effect, is a consideration particularly with regard to the emotional patterns of mourning and relevant in relation to the phenomenon of psychological trauma that korrespondierenten. Ultimately, it will be important to shed light on using interventions to counter the threat of the child. Since my professional capacity is rooted in the working field of emergency care, I would look in this regard to the possibility of immediate measures that can be initiated immediately after the loss experience. Regarding this approach can be formulated in two thematic issues. (1) What relevance exerts a parent-child relationship on child development and how far forward its resolution in a context of parental suicide, a possible trauma-based, psycho-pathological disorder of the child? (2) What measures of children's emergency care can be an adequate contribution to cognitive and emotional rehabilitation of the child's promise?

Keywords: Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

198. Forgash, C. A. (2004, Summer). Treating complex posttraumatic stress disorder with EMDR and ego state therapy. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.

Language: English

Format: Other

Abstract:
In this adaptation of her keynote address presented at the European EMDR Annual Conference in Frankfurt, Germany, in May, 2002, psychotherapist Carol Forgash explains that the context of psychotherapeutics has changed since the early years of EMDR. This change supports the combining of EMDR with ego state psychology to better deal with the complex consequences of serious trauma. Forgash proposes that ego state conceptualizations provide a constructive, efficient, and accessible means for therapist and client to work through these complexities.

Keywords: Complex PTSD Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

199. Forgash, C. A. (2004, June). Treating complex posttraumatic stress disorder with EMDR and ego state therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Stockholm, Sweden.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In this adaptation of her keynote address presented at the European EMDR Annual Conference in Frankfurt, Germany, in May, 2002, psychotherapist Carol Forgash explains that the context of psychotherapeutics has changed since the early years of EMDR. This change supports the combining of EMDR with ego state psychology to better deal with the complex consequences of serious trauma. Forgash proposes that ego state conceptualizations provide a constructive, eficient, and accessible means for therapist and client to work through these complexities.

Keywords: C-PSTD Complex Postraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD Ego State Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

200. Fourie, D. P. (2006, September). Treating phobias or treating people? Of acronyms and the social context. Health SA Gesondheid, 11(3), 41-47.

Language: Afrikaans

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Fobies is van die mees algemene versteurings wat onder die aandag van terapeute en dokters kom. Die klassieke behandeling van keuse was SD (sistematiese desensitisasie), soms in kombinasie met hipnose. Meer onlangs het VR- (virtuele realiteit) prosedures en EMDR (oogbeweging desensitisasie herprosessering) na vore gekom as opwindende alternatiewe. SD en die VR-prosedures is operasionaliserings van kognitiewe gedragsterapie (CBT) en is op leerteorie gebaseer terwyl EMDR gewoonlik vanuit ‘n psigoneurologiese perspektief beskou word. Die oorwegend goeie resultate wat met die metodes behaal word waarna hierdie akronieme verwys, word dikwels gebruik om die geldigheid van die onderliggende teorie te bevestig. Hierdie teorieë onderverteenwoordig egter die interpersoonlike of sosiale aspekte van fobiese gedrag. Deur ‘n inter-persoonlike fokus by die algemene intra-persoonlike beskouing van fobiese gedrag te voeg, word beide die sukses van die gewone behandelingsmetodes en die relatief-rare mislukkings meer volledig verklaar. Deur gevalle as illustrasies te gebruik, werp hierdie artikel lig op die wyse waarop fobiese gedrag dikwels ingebed is in ‘n matriks van interpersoonlike en sosiale invloede en stel dit die meer gerigte en effektiewe benutting hiervan in die behandeling van fobielyers voor. HEALTH

Phobias are some of the most common disorders brought to the attention of treatment agents. Classically, the treatment of choice was SD (systematic desensitisation), sometimes combined with hypnosis. More recently, VR (virtual reality) procedures and EMDR (eye movement desensitisation reprocessing) emerged as exciting alternatives. SD and the VR procedures are operationalisations of CBT (cognitive behaviour therapy) and are based on learning theory, while EMDR is usually viewed from a psychoneurological perspective. The generally good results obtained with the methods known by these acronyms are often taken to confirm the soundness of the particular underlying theory. However, these theories under-represent the interpersonal or social aspects of phobic behaviour. Adding an inter-personal focus to the generally intra-personal view of this behaviour much more fully explains both the success of the usual treatment procedures and the relatively rare failures. Using case illustrations, this paper highlights the way in which phobic behaviour is often embedded in a matrix of interpersonal and social influences and suggests the more deliberate and effective utilisation of these in the treatment of phobic sufferers.[Journal abstract]

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Memory Processing Phobias Social Constructionism Systematic Desensitisation SD Virtual Reality VR

Accuracy Verified: Yes

201. Sprowls, C., & Marquis, P. (2012, June). Treatment of OCD [Tratamiento del TOC]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Will present on the treatment of OCD and OCD Spectrum y Disorders using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, (EMDR). This treatment is based on clinical research and practice, integrating Anxiety Disorder treatments such as cognitive techniques and response prevention with EMDR. The diagnoses of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Hoarding, Trichotillomania and Skin Picking and their interaction with underlying PTSD will be discussed and standard EMDR treatment protocols presented. This will be presented in the context of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. Theoretical models will be presented. This treatment integrates the use of future template and behavioral feedback for success of anxiety treatment. Participants will learn how to specify EMDR targets for rapid symptom reduction and how clients can integrate self-‐use of bilateral stimulation to increase treatment results. Case examples will be presented. Participants will be encouraged to discuss and receive feedback on OCD cases of their own. Cross-‐cultural applications and understanding will be explored. Dr. Marquis is the Anxiety Team Leader at Kaiser hospital and has been practicing, teaching and training EMDR internationally since 1991. Dr. Sprowls is an expert in PTSD and Anxiety Disorder. She has been practicing, teaching and training EMDR internationally since 1993.

Presentaremos el tratamiento del TOC y trastornos del espectro obsesivo-‐compulsivo usando el reprocesamiento ocular rápido EMDR. Este tratamiento está basado en investigaciones y práctica clínica, integrando tratamientos para los trastornos de ansiedad, como técnicas cognitivas de prevención de respuesta con EMDR. El diagnóstico del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, más concretamente, la Tricotilomanía y desgaste epitelial y su interacción con un oculto TEPT serán discutidas y los protocolos estándar de tratamiento EMDR serán presentados. Será presentado en el contexto del modelo de procesamiento adaptativo de la información. Los modelos teoréticos serán presentados. Este tratamiento integra el uso de planes de futuro y feedback comportamental para el éxito en el tratamiento de la ansiedad. Los asistentes aprenderán a especificar las dianas del EMDR para una reducción rápida de los síntomas y como el cliente puede integrar el uso de la estimulación bilateral para incrementar los resultados del tratamiento. Ejemplos de caso serán presentados. Animamos a los participantes a discutir y recibir feedback en casos de TOC propios. Las aplicaciones interculturales y el entendimiento del trastorno serán explorados. El Dr. Marquis es el director del equipo de ansiedad en el hospital Kaiser y ha estado practicando y entrenando EMDR de manera internacional desde 1991. La Dra.Sprowls es una experta en TEPT y trastornos de ansiedad. Ha estado practicando, enseñando y formando en EMDR de manera internacional desde 1993

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

202. Oras, R., de Ezpeleta, S. C., & Ahmad, A. (2004, June). Treatment of traumatized refugee children with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in a psychodynamic context. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 58(3), 199-203. doi:10.1080/08039480410006232.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study examines the effects of a psychodynamic approach of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treatment of traumatized refugee children. Among a child psychiatric outpatient refugee team, 13 children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), were treated by EMDR incorporated in a traditional psychodynamic therapeutic approach. The Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Scale for Children (PTSS-C) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) were administered before and after the treatment, to measure the effects. After treatment, a significant improvement was noticed in the functioning level and all PTSS-C scales, mostly in re-experiencing and least in the avoidance symptoms. The improvement in the functioning level was significantly correlated with the reduction of the PTSD-non-related and the depression, but not with that of the PTSD-related symptoms. Used in a psychodynamic context, EMDR is suggested to be effective treatment for traumatized refugee children. Our findings support the hypothesis of child-specific criteria for PTSD.

Keywords: Children Comorbidity Depressive Disorders Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Refugees School Age Children Adolescents Stressors Survivors Trauma Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

203. Litt, B. K. (1998, July). Trust, intimacy and sex: An integrated approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify four dimensions of the relational context; 2) understand inhibited sexual desire using this model; 3) formulate assessments and treatment plans using the four dimensional framework; 4) choose relational systemic or psychological interventions, including EMDR, using the model presented; and 5) elicit salient EMDR targets for maximum therapeutic benefit.

Keywords: Inhibited Sexual Desire Intimacy Relational Context Sex Trust

Accuracy Verified: Yes

204. Litt, B. K. (1999, June). Trust, intimacy and sex: An integrated approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Inhibited Sexual Desire Intimacy Relational Context Sex Trust

Accuracy Verified: Yes

205. Litt, B. K. (2000, September). Trust, intimacy, and sex: An integrated approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify four dimensions of the relational context; 2) understand inhibited sexual desire using the model; 3) formulate assessments and treatment plans using the four dimensional framework; 4) choose relations, systemic or psychological interventions, including EMDR, using the model presented, and 5) elicit salient EMDR targets for maximum therapeutic benefit.

Keywords: Dimensions of Relational Context Inhibted Sexual Desire Sex Intimacy Targets Trust

Accuracy Verified: Yes

206. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & Meijer, S. (2010). Two method approach: A case conceptualization model in the context of EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(1), 12-21. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.1.12.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article outlines a comprehensive model that helps to identify crucial target memories for EMDR treatment. The “Two Method Approach” can be used for conceptualization and treatment implementation for a broad spectrum of symptoms and problems, other than those related to PTSD per se. The model consists of two types of case conceptualizations. The First Method deals with symptoms whereby memories of the etiological and/or aggravating events can be meaningfully specifi ed on a time line. It is primarily aimed at the conceptualization and treatment of DSM-IV-TR Axis I disorders. The Second Method is used to identify memories that underlie patients’ so-called dysfunctional core beliefs. This method is primarily used to treat more severe forms of pathology, such as severe social phobia, complex PTSD, and/or personality disorders. The two methods of case conceptualization are explained step by step in detail and are illustrated by case examples.

Keywords: Case Conceptualization Model

Accuracy Verified: Yes

207. Meignant, M. (2012, April). Un EMDR d’enfant (Formation EMDR sur la rivière Kwai) [A child of EMDR (EMDR Training on the River Kwai)]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Film de Michel Meignant(en anglais avec sous-titres français suivi d’une discussion en français) (Tous les niveaux)[Film by Michel Meignant (in English with French subtitles followed by a discussion in French
Lors de l’atelier de formation d’EMDR organisé en Thaïlande par Trauma-Aid, HAP Allemagne et Terre des Hommes Allemagne, la psychologue Dagmar Eckers se prépare à traiter par l’EMDR le jeune Indonésien Ooz, victime du Tsunami. Il souffre de cauchemars et de difficultés de concentration. Ce film présente deux séances d’EMDR sur cet enfant de 10 ans. Il montre aussi les efforts des formateurs EMDR qui, avec l’aide des associations caritatives, forment les Birmans, Chinois, Indiens, Indonésiens et Thaïlandais à devenir autonomes dans la pratique et l’enseignement de l’EMDR.

Objectifs d’apprentissage: 1. Comment utiliser l'EMDR pour soulager les conséquences traumatiques d'une catastrophe de la nature 2. L'utilisation d'EMDR auprès d'un enfant dans un contexte social et culturel non-occidental. (les 8 phases de la démarche EMDR dans un tel contexte)

During the training workshop held in Thailand by EMDR Trauma-Aid, PAHs and Germany Terre des Hommes Germany, psychologist Dagmar Eckers prepares to deal with the young Indonesian EMDR OOZ, victims of the Tsunami. He suffers from nightmares and difficulty concentrating. This film has two sessions of EMDR on this 10 year old child. It also shows the efforts of EMDR trainers who, with help from charities, are the Burmese, Chinese, Indians, Indonesians and Thais to become independent in practice and teaching of EMDR.
Learning Objectives: 1. How to use EMDR to relieve the traumatic consequences of a catastrophe of nature 2. The use of EMDR with a child in a social and cultural non-Western. (the 8 phases of EMDR approach in this context)

Keywords: Video

Accuracy Verified: Yes

208. McFarlane, A. (2010, June). Understanding traumatic stress reactions - The linking of phenomenology, aetiology and treatment plan. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
One of the most intriguing aspects of traumatic stress has been the repeated learning and forgetting of lessons about its importance as a cause of psychopathology. It remains the case that the broader body of psychiatry and psychology has an ambivalent relationship with the field of traumatic stress and the nature of posttraumatic stress disorder. The origins of this ambivalence and their impact will be discussed. It is important that practitioners in the field of traumatic stress be aware of these barriers and how to address them in a research setting and clinical practice.
The underlying phenomenology of posttraumatic stress disorder will be explored and its neurobiological origins will be highlighted. It is important to deconstruct posttraumatic stress disorder into the different symptom components, as they have substantially different mechanisms underpinning their intensity and presentation. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a dynamic condition in which symptoms fluctuate with time and are substantially influenced by the environmental demands placed upon the individual.
It is often forgotten that somatic symptoms are a core element of the experience of individuals with PTSD. The nature of these somatic dimensions of distress and their significance will be discussed.
The epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder highlights how the prevalence of these conditions is seemingly increasing. However, this reflects the developments in the measurement of the effects of trauma in research settings. This has major implications for clinicians as to how best take a history about exposures to traumatic events. The evidence is that systematic investigation is critical and that unless questions are asked, symptoms will frequently go unreported. Recent evidence suggests that PTSD may be in fact more common than major depressive disorders. Equally, it should not be forgotten that depression is an important dimension of posttraumatic reactions. There is also an associated comorbidity with substance abuse. The risks associated with trauma exposure have a long tale of effect and these will be described.
The challenges of treatment will be discussed in the context of early intervention and workplace intervention. Treatment needs to be a sequential process where there are a variety of strategies, including EMDR, which can be used in treatment. The sequence of these strategies in treatment is a challenging question that has not been systematically addressed in research.
It remains the case that one of the primary issues in treatment is early identification, and this raises questions about the importance of screening in at-risk populations. Again, there are significant differences in opinion; however, the militaries around the world are now regularly screening populations returning from deployment. A recent novel approach to considering the issues of treatment is whether a staging approach should be used for conditions such as PTSD.
In summary, it is critical that clinicians have an explicit model of the mind and its neurobiology. Posttraumatic stress disorder can best be understood as an information processing disorder, which both impacts upon an individual's ability to engage with their day to day environment as well as integrate past experiences as a source of information to influence current behaviour. The integration and modulation of neural systems that manage environmental input is critical to adaptive functioning. The ways that these systems become dysregulated in PTSD will be highlighted and how these underlying deficits can be addressed in treatment will be focused upon.
A further issue that needs to be considered in the treatment of PTSD is the long-term risk of individuals, who have developed this condition, to have relapses after a successful intervention. Some long-term treatment outcome data will be presented.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Traumatic Stress

Accuracy Verified: Yes

209. Ponzano, R. A., & Gozzano, E. (2008, June). Use and consumption of the traumatic experience as a defence from pain: EMDR and defence mechanisms. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Objective: to illustrate the EMDR usefulness within the psycho-dynamical therapy. Foreword: a type of pain exists that’s nameless and inenarrable. During our psycho-dynamical practice as EMDR specialists, we met various defensive modalities adopted by patients presenting diverse pathologies to elude grief associated to that type of pain left segregated within the emotional portion of the brain. In particular, we take into account patients keen to coactively repeat the traumatic experience either directly in-person or through using others. The presumption is that the traumatic experience, when too early, too invasive or reiterated, may render it impossible to be expressed verbally (by use of the cortex), leading to express it either through the body or through reiterated use of the traumatic experience itself (coactions to repeat). This last point, within our clinical experience, seems being linked to ambivalent feelings vs. the very resolution of the experience itself (healing). Patients living this type of situation may namely be entangled by two conflicting wishes to either wish a real improvement of their condition or to seek maintaining that pathology in the fear of loosing the sense of security inspired them by the type of fake identity they built around the trauma. Benefits: using the technique of bilateral sensorial stimuli strives breaking off that defensive mood that feeds pathological coactions to reiterate the experience as the means to tolerate the grief. Namely its purpose is to penetrate through those defensive modalities and to successfully aid patients to abandon them thanks to a low structured context adequately freed by internal or external conditioning (ambivalence, judgement, rationalization, etc.).

Keywords: Defense Mechanisms Pain

Accuracy Verified: Yes

210. Leeds, A. M. (1999, May). Using EMDR in complex PTSD and adult attachment disorders. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
"Using EMDR in Complex PTSD and Adult Attachment Disorders" was presented as a part of a symposium organized by Bessel A. van der Kolk, M.D with additional papers by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D., Friedhelm Lamprecht, MD and Bessel A. van der Kolk, M.D., at the 1999 American Psychiatric Association (May 19) in Washington, DC. This talk frames the use of Resource Development and Installation in the larger historical context of ego strengthening and briefly reviews theoretical and neurobiological correlates hypothesized to be involved in the application of RDI. The case material presented is similar to that presented in 1997 and 1998 EMDRIA presentations.

Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD RDI Resource Development and Installation Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

211. Thompson, P. (1995, June). Using EMDR with adolescents: Life changes for adlescents - an empowerment tool. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
This presentation describes an EMDR protocol for working with an adolescent in such a way as to enhance their self-empowerment capabilities. As a preliminary, a medical and developmental history of the adolescent is taken from the parents, as well as obtaining their view of present problems. Using this infomation and a subsequent history obtained from the adolescent provides the basis for what may prove to be targets later. I will talk about how, in early discussions with adolescents, when my aim is to gain rapport, I often go back over some of the information their parents provided so as to obtain the teenager's views and feelings, idenfying the highs and lows in their view of their life so far. I look for where they have felt successful and powerful, and where they have suffered trauma, loss and sadness with reference to themselves as individuals and also in their family relationships. I seek to refine targets from both parental and adolescent information. I also seek to understand what the teen would like in their life and begin to introduce the idea that they can give direction to their life. I believe it is important to provide the adolescent with new or clarified information about him or her. I use psychological tests to assist in this process. I will cover briefly ways that I use the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC), as well as other assessment instruments such as the Strong Interest Inventory, Rorschach and Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MAPI), to give both the adolescent and me important information. Because the information stems from a comparison with the general population, I can present it more objectively than if it were solely my assessment of them. The adolescent decides what fits them and what doesn't. This process allows us jointly to identify problems and to look for ways to handle them. Emphasis is always placed on the adolescent having the power - the information about themselves is power. What they choose to do with it breeds power. They are in control. This process usually leads to a further explanation of EMDR and how they might choose to work with me using EMDR. In summary, I will cover : Helping the adolescent look at choices as giving freedom Presenting EMDR as a way of having more choices; Looking at behavior problems as habits that can be changed if desired. Encouraging the use of imagination, imaging, finding a safe place and helping make changes; Taking the position of being their coach for their effort to develop the kind of life they want. Looking at what they think stands in their way and what they can do to change it. Identifying negative cognition from these blocks. Using EMDR in the context of what they want. Building Self Esteem through goal attainment-EMDR as a tool for performance. Coaching for positive change and clear thinking. Teaching self direction and organization reinforcing with EMDR. Teaching self coaching.

Keywords: Adolescents Self Coaching

Accuracy Verified: Yes

212. Rivlin, E. (2009, March). The utility of psychometric assessment and monitoring within the Context of EMDR with refugee and asylum seeking Children/Adolescents. Symposium conducted at the 7th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Manchester, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Accurate neuropsychological/psychological assessment and monitoring are crucial to complex cases of refugee and asylum seeking children and adolescents. These are examined in the context of relevant case vignettes. The limitations and relevance of accurate and therapeutic assessment and monitoring are examined and the utility of psychological instruments. Language and timing of interventions are also considered. The use of a multimodal approach sensitive to individual and intellectual differences and relevance of EMDR is discussed.

Keywords: Asylum Psychometric Assessment Refuges Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

213. Solomon, R. (2012, June). Utilization of EMDR with vicarious trauma [Utilización de EMDR en casos de trauma indirecto]. Pre-Conference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Vicarious traumatization has been defined as the "negative effects of caring about and caring for others” (Pearlman and Saakvitne 1995), It results from exposure to clients’ traumatic material and can disrupt the therapist’s view of the themselves’, other people, and the world. Vicarious Trauma has been discussed in terms of the Constructivist Self Development Theory (McCann & Pearlman, 1992), which states that the changes in the therapist’s schemas and perceptions result from the interaction of clients’ stories and therapist personal characteristics. In this context, vicarious traumatization can be understood through the Adaptive Information Processing Model (Shapiro, 199, 2001) where current difficulties are understood to be the result of past experiences that are dysfunctionally stored in the brain. This workshop will focus on how EMDR can be used to treat Vicarious Traumatization by processing relevant past memories, present triggering circumstances, and laying down a future template for adaptive future behavior. Lecture material will be supplemented by case examples and demonstrations.

Se ha definido la traumatización indirecta como los “efectos negativos de preocuparse por y cuidar de terceras personas” (Pearlman and Saakvitne 1995). Es la consecuencia de la exposición al material traumático de los clientes y puede perturbar cómo el terapeuta se vea a sí mismo, a terceros y al mundo. Se ha hablado de la traumatización indirecta en términos de la Teoría del autodesarrollo constructivista (McCann & Pearlman, 1992), que afirma que los cambios en los esquemas del terapeuta, así como en sus percepciones se derivan de la interacción de las historias de los clientes y las características personales del terapeuta. En este contexto, la traumatización indirecta se puede comprender a través del Modelo del procesamiento de la información a estados adaptativos (Shapiro, 199, 2001) en el cuál las dificultades actuales se comprenden como el fruto de experiencias pasadas almacenadas en el cerebro de forma disfuncional. Este taller se centrará en cómo se puede utilizar EMDR para tratar la traumatización indirecta mediante el procesamiento de los recuerdos relevantes del pasado, las circunstancias desencadenantes en el presente y el establecimiento de una plantilla para el futuro para una conducta adaptativa en el futuro. El material de la conferencia será suplementado con casos ilustrativos y demostraciones.

Keywords: Vicarious Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

214. Goldwasser, N. (2005, September). Utilizing EMDR to heal undesired sexual attractions and to help actualize sexual potential. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
The utilization of EMDR will be discussed within the context of a multi-modal treatment paradigm to treat unwanted sexual attractions and to help to actualize sexual potential in an individual desiring to alter their sexual arousal patterns. Specifically, focus will be place on the ways in which childhood and adolescent traumas can derail psychosexual development and contribute to the development of these attractions. Applications of standard EMDR protocols to this treatment paradigm will be described, in terms of healing the traumas that may have contributed to the developmental of undesired sexual attractions. Furthermore, speicifc EMDR components that can enhance the actualization of sexual potential will be identified and discussed. Specific focus will be placed on parameters of utilizing this paradigm, ensuring that all treatment goals are client-driven and not reflecting the values of the therapist, and ensuring that all APA Ethical Guidelines are carefully considered.

Keywords: Sexual Potential

Accuracy Verified: Yes

215. Seponski, D. M., Bermudez, J. M., & Lewis, D. C. (2010, July). Utilizing responsive evaluation to explore EMDR as a culturally responsive model of therapy across Asia. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
Traditional therapy models often reflect Western values and norms and may be inappropriate for use with many non-Western cultures. Worldwide, therapists are beginning to examine how they can make these models culturally sensitive to minorities, immigrants, and non-Western clients; however, it is time to go beyond “being aware,” understanding and appreciating differences, and adapting individual interventions to actively responding to the needs of their clients by using models that have theoretical underpinnings, underlying assumptions, and basic tenets that are consistent with those of non-Western clients (Carlson, 1999) and promote social justice for those clients, their families, and the surrounding communities. This paper suggests the use of responsive evaluation to explore Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a culturally responsive therapy. Responsive evaluation can be used to consider each unique client and therapist context, culture, power, needs, and beliefs, and family and individual needs in determining a culturally responsive model of therapy. In this presentation, we provide therapists and scholars a model for offering culturally responsive EMDR therapy and research using responsive evaluation as a framework. An in-depth description of responsive evaluation will be provided, and explanations and examples of how it is consistent with the goals and theories underlying culturally responsive therapy will be given. Finally, concrete suggestions of how EMDR clinicians and scholars can apply this methodology will be provided. As the EMDR continues to be taught and used across Asia, it is crucial that we continue to observe and respond to the needs of clients throughout Asia.

Keywords: Asia Responsive Evaluation Poster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

216. Ebner, F., & von Burgsdorff, K. (2008). Vom uberleben zum leben-ressourcenaktivierung mit EMDR im stationaren kontext [From survive on life-resource-activation with EMDR in the stationary context]. In C. Rost (Hsrg.), Ressourcenarbeit mit EMDR, bewährte techniken im uberblick (pp. 153-170). Paderborn: Junfermann.

Language: German

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

217. Roberts, T. (2002). Websites relating to psychological trauma: With emphasis on children. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper no. 19 (pp. 51-52) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Language: English

Format: Book Section

Keywords: Children Occasional Paper Trauma Websites

Accuracy Verified: Yes

218. Beer, R. (2001, May). What about EMDR in the treatment of anorexia nervosa?. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Abstract:
In our specialised treatment centre for adolescents with severe anorexia nervosa, we found that EMDR can be a very useful and powerful tool in the context of a multifaceted treatment program for anorectic adolescents. We noticed that setback and delay can occur during the process of regaining weight as a consequence of relived memories of traumatic experiences. Emotions linked to these memories are felt more intensely when they are recovering. These memories can become significant blocks to moving forward to achieving our goal of normalisation of weight and eating habits. We are in the process of listing the specific issues that need to be addressed in the applications of EMDR to this target group. Experiences, solutions and hypotheses will be presented.

Keywords: Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

219. Oras, R. (2000, October 14). When the trauma fades – Treatment of traumatized refugee children with EMDR in a psychodynamic context. Symposium conducted at Kindheit Und Trauma I, Bregenz, Austria.

Language: English

Format: Conference

Keywords: Children Psychodynamic Context Refugees Symposium

Accuracy Verified: Yes

220. Figgess, S. (2009). Working with trauma. A journey towards integration: Gestalt and EMDR. British Gestalt Journal, 18(1), 34-41.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article explores points of convergence and divergence between EMDR and Gestalt in the context of one Gestalt therapist's experience in integrating EMDR and its derivatives into her practice. A longer case example illustrates the power of an EMDR-derived approach to facilitate a client's personal integration of traumatic material.

Keywords: Body Sensation Gestalt Inter-Psychic Intersubjective Neural Integration Self-Integration Unfinished Business

Accuracy Verified: Yes

221. Munker-Kramer, E., Wintersperger, S., & Hofmann, A. (2007). Zum verstandnis von EMDR als behandlungsmethode fur PTBS auf dem hintergrund der modernen psychotraumatologie [The understanding of EMDR based on modern psychotraumatology]. Psychologie in Osterreich, 27(1), 53-60.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In diesem Beitrag wird zunachst beschrieben, mit welchen typischen S)7nptomen sich traumatisierte PatientInnen in der arztlichen oder psychologischen Praxis einfinden. Die Zusammenhange und die lVotwendigkeit profimder Differentialdiagnostik werden erliiutert. Es Jolgt ein kurzer historischer Abriss iiber die wichtigsten Schritte in der theoretischen und klinischen BeJassung mit verschiedenen TraumaJolgestonmgen bis zur Anerkennung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstonmg durch die WHO 1980. Psychisches Trauma wird dann dargestellt als T7erarbeitungsstorung von Extremstress. Das Konzept der Storung in der neuronalen InJormationsverarbeitung und InJormationsspeichenmg und dessen klinische Relevanz flir die Symptomatik der PTBS Jolgt. Dies dient als Grundlage flir das T7erstiindnis und die wissenschaJtliche Einordnung von EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) als wichtige lmd evaluierte Behandlungsmethode for PTBS. Die Methode wird detailliert beschrieben und der Beitrag wird durch ein Fallbeispiel (Monotrauma) und einige Uberlegungen zur Qualitatssicherung abgeschlossen.

Abstract In this article at first characteristic symptoms of patients asking Jar psychological and medical treatment with trauma-related disorders and comorbidities and thlls the necessity oj well grollnded clinical diagnostics is emphasized. A short historical review oj the most important theoretical and clinical milestones concerning the consideration oj trauma-related disorders is described up to the acknowledgement oj PTSD by the TForld Health Organization in 1980. A well grounded and detailed explanation oj neurobiology and neuropsychology oj extreme stress and its clinical implications Jollows to open the understanding and the scientific context oJEMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) as an important and well evaluated treatment method Jar PTSD. It is described step by step and illustrated by a short example (monotrauma). Final!), some recommendations and further infomwtions concerning quality of treatment and training are given.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes